Hepatitis b antigens. Medical search

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE causing infectious hepatitis naturally in humans and experimentally in other primates. It is transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. HEPATITIS A VIRUS is the type species.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A species of the CORONAVIRUS genus causing hepatitis in mice. Four strains have been identified as MHV 1, MHV 2, MHV 3, and MHV 4 (also known as MHV-JHM, which is neurotropic and causes disseminated encephalomyelitis with demyelination as well as focal liver necrosis).

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS A VIRUS such as the human hepatitis A virus (HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HUMAN).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

The type species of the genus MARDIVIRUS in the family HERPESVIRIDAE. It is the etiologic agent of MAREK DISEASE, infecting domestic fowl and wild birds.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

A genus of Sciuridae consisting of 14 species. They are shortlegged, burrowing rodents which hibernate in winter.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Third component, HBeAg/3, of hepatitis B e antigen system, identified by three different double-diffusion techniques. (1/499)

A third component, HB(e)AG/3, of the hepatitis B e antigen system has been detected, and it was consistently detected in three variations of the double-diffusion technique. (+info)

Hepatitis virus infection in haemodialysis patients from Moldavia. (2/499)

BACKGROUND: Although the epidemiology of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) now seems well established for Western European countries, in Central and Eastern Europe < 50% of all dialysis centres routinely test for hepatitis C antibodies since testing is not available or is not applied to all patients. This study describes the prevalence, risk factors and clinical significance of HBV and HCV infection for the haemodialysis population of the North Eastern region of Romania, Moldavia. METHODS: The presence of HBV antigens was determined with an ELISA kit (Wellcome, Abbot) and HCV antibodies with the ELISA-3 Ortho-HCV, third generation test. The following individual data were collected: gender, age, duration of dialysis, rural/urban domicile, actual and previous HBV status, actual HCV status, known acute, clinically evident hepatitis episodes in the last 3 years, monthly alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) levels, complete biochemical hepatic assessment at the time of the study, transfusions for the past 3 years and family history. RESULTS: HBV and HCV prevalences were 17% (stable over the last 3 years) and 75%, respectively; co-infection was seen in 10% of the subjects. Hospitalization (nosocomial infection) for HBV, blood transfusions and duration on dialysis for HCV, emerged as the main risk factors for hepatitis infection. Socio-economic conditions appear to be equally important for HCV infection, since the prevalence was significantly higher among patients from rural, underdeveloped areas than urban areas (80.8 vs 60.3%), and infection was already present in a large proportion of patients (47%) before starting dialysis, without being related to previous disease duration or blood transfusions. HBV and/or HCV was not associated with a worse clinical or biochemical profile at the time of the study. However, infected patients had significantly more previous cytolytic episodes, with higher, transient increases in ALAT and ASAT levels. CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection is endemic among dialysis centres in Moldavia. Apart from previously well-known risk factors for hepatitis infection, our study demonstrates the negative impact of socio-economic underdevelopment. Simple measures such as enforced general asepsia rules, careful disinfection and equipment sterilization, routine testing of patients from economically disadvantaged areas and monthly, serial determination of hepatic enzymes should be the common practice in dialysis centres in Romania. (+info)

Human hepatitis B virus X protein is detectable in nuclei of transfected cells, and is active for transactivation. (3/499)

Subcellular localization and transactivation of human hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), a plausible causative factor for hepatocellular carcinogenesis, were studied in transiently transfected cells. The transactivation was detected not only by the cis-element driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay but also by immunostaining of CAT protein cotransfected into human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Scanning fluorescence microscopy showed the majority of immunological signals of HBx to be at the perinuclear region of transfected cytoplasm. HBx was also clearly detectable in the nucleus, though less intensely expressed. This was confirmed by Western analysis and coimmunoprecipitation of HBx with transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) in subcellular fractionations. The percentage of HBx-positive cells coincided with that of CAT-positive cells, and confocal laser microscopy revealed the coexistence of CAT signals in GFP-HBx positive cells. The SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal (NLS) appended HBx, regardless of whether NLS was added to the N- or C-terminus, transactivated all the examined X-responsive elements (XRE) similarly as did wild-type HBx. Similar results were obtained in p53 negative Saos-2 cells. The detected nuclear HBx may be involved in modulating the transcription at the promoter level whereas the HBx in cytoplasm may be working through signal transduction pathways. (+info)

HBV-specific immune defect in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is correlated with a dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (4/499)

The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulating effects of rhIL-12 on the immune response induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens in clinical subgroups of patients with HBV infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 80 patients were stimulated with HBsAg, HBcAg, pre-S1Ag and tetanus toxoid in the absence or presence of IL-12 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ng/ml). Stimulation by anti-CD3+ anti-CD28 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as controls. Proliferation and cytokine production were determined by 3H-thymidine uptake and ELISA after 72 h. After stimulation with HBV antigens only, production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or IL-10 was observed in all patients, while interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detectable in only 27 patients. After costimulation with IL-12 and HBV antigens, however, large amounts of IFN-gamma were found in all patients, while HBV-induced IL-10 production remained mostly unchanged. When clinical subgroups including patients with compensated liver cirrhosis were compared, PBMC from patients with HBeAg+ hepatitis showed the lowest capacity to produce IFN-gamma after HBV antigen-positive IL-12. These data suggest that the ability of IL-12 to enhance IFN-gamma production against HBV antigens is correlated with the presence of HBeAg and is not impaired in patients with advanced liver disease. In addition, IL-12 and IL-10 production by antigen-presenting cells may be a critical factor that determines the efficacy of the immune response against the hepatitis B virus. (+info)

The hepatitis B pX protein promotes dimerization and DNA binding of cellular basic region/leucine zipper proteins by targeting the conserved basic region. (5/499)

The hepatitis B virus pX protein is a potent transcriptional activator of viral and cellular genes whose mechanism of action is poorly understood. Here we show that pX dramatically stimulates in vitro DNA binding of a variety of cellular proteins that contain basic region/leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA binding domains. The basis for increased DNA binding is a direct interaction between pX and the conserved bZIP basic region, which promotes bZIP dimerization and the increased concentration of the bZIP homodimer then drives the DNA binding reaction. Unexpectedly, we found that the DNA binding specificity of various pX-bZIP complexes differs from one another and from that of the bZIP itself. Thus, through recognition of the conserved basic region, pX promotes dimerization, increases DNA binding, and alters DNA recognition. These properties of pX are remarkably similar to those of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I Tax protein. Although Tax and pX are not homologous, we show that the regions of the two proteins that stimulate bZIP binding contain apparent metal binding sites. Finally, consistent with this in vitro activity, we provide evidence that both Tax and pX activate transcription in vivo, at least in part, by facilitating occupancy of bZIPs on target promoters. (+info)

HBV and proteinuria in relatives and contacts of children with hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy. (6/499)

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated membranous nephropathy (HBVMN) is an important cause of childhood nephrotic syndrome in regions endemic for the virus, but little is understood of the biosocial context in which the disease develops. We evaluated HBV status and proteinuria in family members and household contacts of index children with HBVMN to test the hypothesis that HBV carriage and asymptomatic proteinuria are closely linked and may be causally associated. METHODS: Thirty-one black children with biopsy-proven HBVMN were the index cases. One hundred and fifty-two family members and 43 black household contacts were the subjects of the study. We assessed HBV carrier status by testing for HBV antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and for HBV DNA by using slot-blot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing of the precore region of HBV was done in a subset of both index cases and subjects. Proteinuria was assessed by measuring the urinary protein/creatinine ratio. RESULTS: Seventy-two (37%) of the 195 family members and household contacts were HBV carriers, and 53 (27%) had a protein/creatinine ratio greater than the physiological limit. The frequency of abnormal proteinuria was not significantly different in those with [22 out of 72 (30.5%)] or without [33 out of 104 (32%)] HBV carriage. This lack of association remained when carriers were classified into those who were HBsAg positive only and those with active viral replication (HBsAg and/or HBeAg and/or HBV DNA; P = 0.01). Family members were more predisposed to HBV carriage than household contacts, but abnormal proteinuria was present with equal frequency (P = 0.48). Age had a significant impact on proteinuria, with children less than five years being more likely to have abnormal proteinuria (P = 0.008). The prevalence of abnormal proteinuria in family members and household contacts of the index cases was more than that in community-based controls. The 10 index HBVMN cases and the 14 family members and household contacts who were tested all had HBV of genotype A. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the family members and household contacts of children with HBVMN are at very high risk of HBV carriage; they also have asymptomatic proteinuria at a significantly higher rate than community-based controls. The HBV carrier status was not associated with proteinuria, a finding supported by peak prevalences of proteinuria in those under five years but no corresponding peak for HBV carriage. Proteinuria may indicate glomerular basement membrane dysfunction. Environmental and social factors may underpin development of these two covert disorders, but are insufficient to account for the index cases of HBVMN. The emergence of children with HBVMN from such households additionally depends on unidentified and possibly genetic factors. (+info)

The proapoptotic effect of hepatitis B virus HBx protein correlates with its transactivation activity in stably transfected cell lines. (7/499)

The role of hepatitis B virus HBx protein in the carcinogenesis associated with chronic viral infection remains ill-defined. Indeed, pleiotropic effects have been ascribed to HBx: in addition to its well-documented ability to indirectly stimulate transcription, the protein has been reported to affect cell growth, signal transduction, DNA repair and apoptosis. In this work, we generated Chang (CCL-13)-derived cell lines constitutively expressing wild type or mutant HBx, as a model of HBx-host cell interaction closer to the chronic infection setting, than the classically used transient expression systems. We document the potentiation by HBx of the apoptotic cell death pathway in the recipient cells. This effect is unlikely to rely on p53 activity since the protein is functionally inactivated in CCL-13. In addition, antioxidants and cyclosporin A failed to reduce the apoptotic response back to the normal level, suggesting that production of reactive oxygen species and calcineurin activation are not directly involved in the proapoptotic effect of HBx. In contrast, our data show that transactivation and stimulation of apoptosis are tightly linked HBx activities. Finally, expression of transactivation-active protein did not result in detectable change in the pattern of MAP kinases phosphorylation nor did it affect the ability of the host cell to repair in vitro irradiated plasmid DNA. (+info)

Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas: association between loss of chromosome 4q and p53 gene mutations. (8/499)

The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in high incidence areas include infection with hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) and exposure to aflatoxin. Genetic alterations in 24 liver resection specimens from Shanghai and Qidong were studied. Hepatitis B virus was integrated in all patient samples, and a null phenotype for the GSTM1 enzyme was present in 63% of patients. Alteration of p53 was present in 95% (23/24) of cases: mutations of the p53 gene in 12 HCC, p53 overexpression in 13 and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 17p in 17. All seven HCCs with a p53 mutation from Qidong and three of five from Shanghai had the aflatoxin-associated point mutation with a G to T transversion at codon 249, position 3. No HCC had microsatellite instability. LOH of chromosome 4q, 1p, 16q and 13q was present in 50%, 46%, 42% and 38%, respectively, and 4q was preferentially lost in HCCs containing a p53 mutation: LOH of 4q was present in 75% (9/12) of HCC with, but only 25% (3/12) of HCC without, a p53 gene mutation (P = 0.01). These data indicate a possible interaction between p53 gene mutation and 4q loss in the pathogenesis of HCC. (+info)

Coleman, Paul F. (2017-02-17). "Detecting Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Mutants". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (2): 198-203. ... Breakthrough cases of Hepatitis B are primarily attributed to mutations in the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that make HBV surface ... Breakthrough infections of Hepatitis B and mumps are partially attributed to antigenic drift. Vaccines may fail to provide ... If B cell receptors bind to the antigen and FC receptors simultaneously bind to the maternal antibody, the FC receptors send a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_infection

"Stimulation of RNA polymerase II elongation by hepatitis delta antigen". Science. 293 (5527): 124-7. doi:10.1126/science. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHSC2

In 1964, while studying "yellow jaundice" (hepatitis), he discovered a surface antigen for hepatitis B in the blood of an ... 3. The age of antigens and electronic microscopy" [History of hepatitis. 3. The age of antigens and electronic microscopy]. La ... a nonprofit organization dedicated to finding a cure for hepatitis B and improving the lives of those affected by hepatitis B ... Blumberg and his team were able to develop a screening test for the hepatitis B virus, to prevent its spread in blood donations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg

... has been found to have homology to hepatitis delta virus antigen (HDAg). DIPA interacts with the viral antigen, HDAg, and can ... Long M, de Souza SJ, Gilbert W (May 1997). "Delta-interacting protein A and the origin of hepatitis delta antigen". Science. ... "A cellular homolog of hepatitis delta antigen: implications for viral replication and evolution". Science. 274 (5284): 90-4. ... Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a pathogenic human virus whose RNA genome and replication cycle resemble those of plant viroids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCDC85B

Alipour, Elias (23 June 2013). "Gold nanoparticle based capacitive immunosensor for detection of hepatitis B surface antigen". ... Hepatitis B Prepared AuNPs-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA gene probes could be used to detect HBV DNA directly. The detection- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanoparticles_in_chemotherapy

... (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person ... May 2003). "New enzyme immunoassay for detection of hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) and relation between levels of HBcAg ... HBcAg is an antigen that can be found on the surface of the nucleocapsid core (the inner most layer of the hepatitis B virus). ... "In vivo inhibition of anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) immunoglobulin G production by HBcAg-specific CD4(+) Th1-type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBcAg

The coating, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is not infectious; however, HBsAG can provoke an immune response. In order to ... Donald G. McNeil, Jr., April 26, 2012, Irving Millman Dies at 88; Worked to Stop Hepatitis B, The New York Times. His Hepatitis ... Millman's work with Baruch Blumberg helped lead to the creation of a test to detect hepatitis B. The test allowed blood banks ... Millman and Blumberg found that the blood of individuals who carried the hepatitis B virus contained particles of the outside ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Millman

The appearance is classically associated with abundant hepatitis B antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum, but may also be drug- ... Hadziyannis, S; Gerber, MA; Vissoulis, C; Popper, H (Nov 1973). "Cytoplasmic hepatitis B antigen in "ground-glass" hepatocytes ... In the context of hepatitis B, GGHs are only seen in chronic infections, i.e. they are not seen in acute hepatitis B. GGHs were ... Drug reaction Mallory body Viral hepatitis Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes. H&E stain. Micrograph showing ground ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_glass_hepatocyte

"Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic banana plants". Planta. 222 (3): 484-493. doi:10.1007/s00425-005-1556-y ... Dendritic cell vaccines combine dendritic cells with antigens in order to present the antigens to the body's white blood cells ... hepatitis A, hepatitis B, polio, mumps, measles, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, HiB, chickenpox, rotavirus, influenza ... This presents the antigen in such a way as to produce a greater action than the simple aqueous tetanus toxoid. People who have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine

Hepatitis Weekley, Autoimmune Diseases, "Cytotoxic Antigen Induces Hypophysitis in Cancer Patients," 2006-1-9; see also, Weston ... "Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_hypophysitis

"Identification of target antigen for SLA/LP autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis". Lancet. 355 (9214): 1510-5. doi:10.1016/ ... "Entrez Gene: SLA/LP soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen". Herkel J, Heidrich B, Nieraad N, Wies I, Rother M, Lohse AW ... Volkmann M, Martin L, Bäurle A, Heid H, Strassburg CP, Trautwein C, Fiehn W, Manns MP (2001). "Soluble liver antigen: isolation ... SECp43 and soluble liver antigen, in the selenoprotein synthesis machinery". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (50): 41568-75. doi:10.1074/jbc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEPSECS

West, D. J.; Calandra, G. B. (1996). "Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: implications for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine-naive

... certain antigens present during hepatitis can accumulate in the kidneys and damage them. Sjögren's syndrome: this autoimmune ... HIV: the virus' antigens provoke an obstruction in the glomerular capillary's lumen that alters normal kidney function. ... Syphilis: kidney damage can occur during the secondary stage of this disease (between 2 and 8 weeks from onset). Hepatitis B: ... Liver failure caused by cirrhosis, hepatitis and other conditions such as alcoholism, IV drug use or some hereditary diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

"Chronic liver disease and primary liver-cell cancer with hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen in serum". Lancet. 1 (7659): ... In this post she worked on hepatitis, which she was able to continue from 1943 to 1947 with funding from the Medical Research ... Davidson, C. S. (1969). "Discussions of the paper by Sheila Sherlock: "The treatment of hepatitis"". Bulletin of the New York ... Eisenmenger, W. (1969). "Discussions of the paper by Sheila Sherlock: "The treatment of hepatitis"". Bulletin of the New York ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila_Sherlock

December 1993). "Human leukocyte antigen A1-B8-DR3-DQ2-DPB1*0401 extended haplotype in autoimmune hepatitis". Hepatology. 18 (6 ... September 2006). "Genetic association of autoimmune hepatitis and human leucocyte antigen in German patients". World J. ... human leukocyte antigens DR4 and A1-B8-DR3 are independent risk factors". Hepatology. 13 (4): 701-6. doi:10.1002/hep.1840130415 ... C4A-null and TNF may associated with autoimmune hepatitis The appearance of anti-nuclear antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

Hraber P, Kuiken C, Yusim K (December 2007). "Evidence for human leukocyte antigen heterozygote advantage against hepatitis C ... doi:10.1002/hep.21889. PMID 17935228. Rikowski A, Grammer K (May 1999). "Human body odour, symmetry and attractiveness". Proc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterozygote_advantage

February 2003). "Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B". N. Engl. J. Med. ... February 2008). "Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients developing resistance to ... It is used for treatment of hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus infection. Trials of adefovir in patients with HIV have not ... FDA approval for use in the treatment of hepatitis B was granted on September 20, 2002, and adefovir is sold for this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adefovir

2011). "Evaluation of saliva specimens as an alternative sampling method to detect hepatitis B surface antigen". J. Clin. Lab. ... Hepatitis C has also been identified using salivary detection methods. Yaari, et al., reported in 2006 that saliva testing for ... A 2011 study demonstrated that HBV surface antigen saliva testing using ELISA had a sensitivity and specificity of 93.6% and ... May 2011). "Importance of the cutoff ratio for detecting antibodies against hepatitis A virus in oral fluids by enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva_testing

4 December 2007). "Treatment of hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis with telbivudine or adefovir: a randomized ... and the combination in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B". Gastroenterology. 129 (2): 528-36. ... Telbivudine impairs hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA replication by leading to chain termination. It differs from the natural ... Telbivudine is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. It is marketed by Swiss pharmaceutical company ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telbivudine

... (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It indicates current ... Today, these antigen-proteins can be genetically manufactured (e.g. transgene E. coli) to produce material for a simple antigen ... "Positive hepatitis B surface antigen tests due to recent vaccination: a persistent problem". BMC Clinical Pathology. 12 (1): 15 ... The viral envelope of an enveloped virus has different surface proteins from the rest of the virus which act as antigens. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBsAg

"HLA antigens in Japanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis". Digestion. 26 (4): 213-7. doi: ... HLA-DR2 (DR2) of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA ... Tissue Antigens. 69 Suppl 1: 228-30. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.77311.x. PMID 17445206. Asakura H, Tsuchiya M, Aiso S, ... primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis. DR2 is also found in all patients that test positive for anti-anti-Asn-RNA- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DR2

... hu-Sui1 may be a target of hepatitis B X antigen in hepatocarcinogenesis". Oncogene. 18 (9): 1677-87. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIF1

Viral hepatitis can be excluded by negative blood samples for antigens specific to the different hepatitis viruses. Cholestasis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert's_syndrome

February 2003). "Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B". N. Engl. J. Med. ... doi:10.1002/hep.510300617. PMID 10573531. St-Pierre MV, Serrano MA, Macias RI, et al. (2000). "Expression of members of the ... doi:10.1002/hep.510250635. PMID 9185779. Wada M, Toh S, Taniguchi K, et al. (1998). "Mutations in the canilicular multispecific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug_resistance-associated_protein_2

Improved serodiagnosis of hepaptis C virus Hepatitis C infection with synthetic peptide antigen from capsid protein. Proc Natl ... Patterns and prevalence of hepatitis type C infection in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. J Inf Dis 1993; 167: 1296- ... Human lymphocyte bearing 1a-like antigens [now termed HLA-DK or class 1 MHC antigen]: Absence in patients with infantile ... Immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis C virus core antigen: Correlations with viral replication, histological activity, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Yi_Wang

... such as the hepatitis B surface antigen). They can generate TH and antibody responses, but not killer T cell responses. DNA ... The antigen-presenting cell then travels to the lymph nodes and presents the antigen peptide and costimulatory molecule ... This is true for intracellular and plasma membrane-bound antigens, but not for secreted antigens, which seem to generate TH2 ... Secreted or plasma membrane-bound antigens are more effective at inducing antibody responses than cytosolic antigens, while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccination

"The mannose receptor acts as hepatitis B virus surface antigen receptor mediating interaction with intrahepatic dendritic cells ... "Genetic changes and expression of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor gene in human hepatitis B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-dependent_mannose-6-phosphate_receptor

Tufan NL, Lian Z, Liu J, Pan J, Arbuthnot P, Kew M, Clayton MM, Zhu M, Feitelson MA (2003). "Hepatitis Bx antigen stimulates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URG4

... as well as recombinant proteins insulin and Hepatitis B surface antigen. Transgenic yeast are used to produce artemisinin, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_fungi

... recognizing that the antigen was likely part of a hepatitis virus. Subsequent studies confirmed that it was indeed Hepatitis B ... Posttransfusion hepatitis after exclusion of commercial and hepatitis-B antigen-positive Donors. Ann. Intern. Med. 1972; 77:691 ... Sutnick, A.I., London, W.T., Blumberg, B.S. Australia antigen and the quest for a hepatitis virus. Amer. J. Digest. Dis. 1969; ... Alton I. Sutnick found liver changes …drew the first formal connection between the mysterious antigen and hepatitis." Sutnick, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton_Sutnick

Hepatitis B Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Maintain Functional Exhaustion after Antigen Reexposure in an Acute Activation Immune ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. Proceedings of the National ... An induced rebinding model of antigen discrimination. Trends Immunol. 2014, 35 (4): 153-8. PMC 3989030. PMID 24636916. doi: ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/T细胞

"Characterization of RNA-binding domains of hepatitis delta antigen". J. Gen. Virol. 74 (Pt 11): 2473-2478. PMID 8245865.. ... hepatitis G. Viri[uredi , uredi kodo]. *^ http://lsm1.amebis.si/lsmeds/novPogoj.aspx?pPogoj=hepatitis, Slovenski medicinski e- ... Taylor JM (2006). "Hepatitis delta virus". Virology 344 (1): 71-76. PMID 16364738. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.033.. ... Hepatitis D je oblika hepatitisa, ki ga povzroča virus hepatitisa D (VHD); le-ta za svoj razvoj potrebuje virus hepatitisa B. ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_D

"First Antigen Rapid Test for Ebola through Emergency Assessment and Eligible for Procurement". World Health Organization (WHO ... and viral hepatitis among others.[104] ... a rapid antigen test which gives results in 15 minutes was ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

"Chronic Hepatitis After Hepatitis E Virus Infection in a Patient With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Taking Rituximab" (PDF). Retrieved ... It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen). ... Rituximab has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic Hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E ... Other severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

"Large-scale candidate gene analysis of spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus". J. Infect. Dis. 201 (9): 1371-80. doi ... "Expression of apolipoprotein C-IV is regulated by Ku antigen/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma complex and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C4

... has been reported as a possible cofactor in a chronic Hepatitis E infection in a person with lymphoma. Hepatitis E ... It increases MHC II and adhesion molecules LFA-1 and LFA-3 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen). ... Other severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

However, immunofluorescence essays provide less definitive proof of Lassa infection.[7] An ELISA test for antigen and ... ELISA antigen assays, plaque neutralization assays, and immunofluorescence essays. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

Liver biopsy can verify inflammation and necrosis of hepatocytes and detect viral antigens. Because of the bleeding tendency of ... Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. See: ... ribavirin in reducing liver pathology in yellow fever virus infection may be similar to its activity in treatment of hepatitis ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

The immune complexes are formed by binding of antibodies to antigens in the glomerular basement membrane. The antigens may be ... Within membranous glomerulonephritis, especially in cases caused by viral hepatitis, serum C3 levels are low.[7] ... Other studies have implicated neutral endopeptidase and cationic bovine serum albumin as antigens.[4] ... "M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy". The New England Journal of Medicine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranous_nephritis

Hepatitis. DNA virus. HBV (B). RNA virus. CBV. HAV (A). HCV (C). HDV (D). HEV (E). HGV (G). ... A map of the genome of JC virus, indicating the position of the tumor antigen genes (red), the three capsid protein genes ( ... Further research is needed to determine the exact etiological role of T-antigen, but there seems to be a connection to the ... T-antigen, also plays a key role in viral proliferation,[11] directing the initiation of DNA replication for the virus as well ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jc_virus

... is to conjugate the antigens. Conjugation is the attachment to the antigen of another substance which also generates an immune ... A more contemporary approach for "boosting" the immune response to simpler immunogenic molecules (known as antigens) ... In the future it might be possible to artificially design antibodies to fit specific antigens, then produce them in large ... response, thus amplifying the overall response and causing a more robust immune memory to the antigen. For example, a toxoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity

... antigen - antigen presentation - antigen-presenting cell (APC) - antineoplastic - antiprotozoal - antiretroviral drugs - ... hepatitis - hepatitis C and HIV coinfection - hepatomegaly - herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) - herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) - ... human leukocyte antigens (HLA) - human papilloma virus (HPV) - human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) - human T cell ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

These cells bind antigens presented on MHC I complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated ... Infectious diseases - viral (AIDS, SARS, West Nile encephalitis, hepatitis, herpes, measles, others), bacterial (TB, typhoid, ... Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing the dilation of ... Dendritic cells (Although these will often migrate to local lymph nodes upon ingesting antigens) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

Family Nackednaviridae - e.g. African cichlid nackednavirus (ACNDV), formerly named African cichlid hepatitis B virus (ACHBV).[ ... Group-specific antigen (gag) proteins are major components of the viral capsid, which are about 2000-4000 copies per virion. ... "Deciphering the Origin and Evolution of Hepatitis B Viruses by Means of a Family of Non-enveloped Fish Viruses". Cell Host & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus

In 1985, the first human vaccine obtained by genetic engineering from animal cells, the vaccine against hepatitis B, was ... as an antigen, Richard F. J. Pfeiffer introduced it in the abdomen of a guinea pig already vaccinated against this disease, and ... and hepatitis B. The discovery and use of sulfonamides in treating infections was another breakthrough. Some researchers won ... and they deduced that it can play the role of antigen, that is if they could overcome the delicate moment of its injection, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute

... whether in the form of viral hepatitis (e.g. hepatitis B or hepatitis C),[22][23][24] alcoholic liver disease, or cirrhosis of ... Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 are often elevated, but are not sensitive or specific enough to be ... hepatitis C, hepatitis B, infection with certain liver fluke, and some congenital liver malformations.[1][3][8] However, most ... doi:10.1002/hep.20537. PMID 15690474.. *^ Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler MW (1999). "Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

"Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome". Science 244 (4902): 359-62. April ... Detection by Immune Electron Microscopy of a Viruslike Antigen Associated with Acute Illness". Science 182 (4116): 1026-1028. ... Feinstone, Stephen M.; Kapikian, Albert Z.; Purcell, Robert H. (1973). "Hepatitis A: ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/ஸ்டீபன்_பெயின்ஸ்டோன்

The alpha-3 subunit (COL4A3) of collagen IV is thought to be the antigen implicated in Goodpasture syndrome, wherein the immune ... "Serum Collagen Type IV for the Assessment of Fibrosis and Resistance to Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C". ... IV concentrations correlate with hepatic tissue levels of collagen IV in subjects with alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_IV_collagen

The tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen (usually a protein or ... "Hepatitis C". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2013-04-25.. ... Using a similar basis as described above, immunoassays can detect or measure antigens from either infectious agents or the ... This technique is the current standard for detecting viral infections such as AIDS and hepatitis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. ... whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies.[1] It is one of the mechanisms through which antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

Alter co-discovered the Australia antigen, a key to detecting hepatitis B virus. For many investigators that would be the ... Alter and his research team demonstrated that most post-transfusion hepatitis cases were not due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B ... Alter and his research team demonstrated that most post-transfusion hepatitis cases were not due to hepatitis A and hepatitis B ... This work eventually led to the discovery of the hepatitis C virus. In 1988 the new hepatitis virus was confirmed by Alter's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter

1 - antigen. 2 - IgE antibody. 3 - FcεRI receptor. 4 - preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin). 5 - ... Other widely promoted tests such as the antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test and the food allergy profile are considered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy

Schwann cell antigen. Neuritis, paralysis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis[1]. Thyroglobulin antigen. Hypothyroidism, hard goiter, ... Target antigen. Effects. Allergic contact dermatitis[1]. Environmental chemicals, like urushiol (from poison ivy and poison oak ... Myelin antigens (e.g., myelin basic protein). Myelin destruction, inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis[1]. Possibly collagen and/ ... CD4+ Th1 helper T cells recognize antigen in a complex with the MHC class II major histocompatibility complex on the surface of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_IV_delayed_hypersensitivity_reaction

... has a 10-40-fold preference for hemimethylated DNA and interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).[51] ... The Human Epigenome Project (HEP). *The Epigenome Network of Excellence (NoE). *Canadian Epigenetics, Environment and Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic

For development of a system to study the replication of the virus that causes hepatitis C and for use of this system to ... cells-the preeminent component of the immune system that initiates and regulates the body's response to foreign antigens.[34] ... Discovery of the virus that causes hepatitis C and the development of screening methods that reduced the risk of blood ... transfusion-associated hepatitis in the U.S. from 30% in 1970 to virtually zero in 2000.[56] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasker_Foundation

... they will bind to antigens within the HEp-2 cell nucleus. These antibodies can be visualised by subsequent incubation with anti ... Extractable nuclear antigens[edit]. Extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) are a group of autoantigens that were originally ... Typically, HEp-2 cells are used as a substrate to detect the antibodies in human serum. Microscope slides are coated with HEp-2 ... Comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and impact on the disease profile". Hepatology. 26 (3): 561-566. doi:10.1002/hep.510260305 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

... the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatis B Virus (HBV) ... surface antigens-preS1, preS2, and S, the X protein and HBeAg. The X protein is thought to be non-structural. Its function and ... Endogenous hepatitis B virus genomes have been described in crocodilian, snake and turtle genomes.[7] This suggests that these ... Hepatitis viruses have been described in fish and amphibians also.[4] This suggests that this family has co evolved with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepadnaviridae

It has been suggested that absorption of trichophyton fungal antigens can give rise to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody ... Hepatitis C, or HIV. Davies et al. surveyed podiatrists and found that 41% of them complained of eye problems, particularly ... of the population has allergic antibodies to fungal antigens, and half of them, that is 5% of the population, would be ... of podiatry drill burrs potentially expose the healthcare worker to aerosols containing bloodborne pathogens such as Hepatitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_human_nail_dust

Blood is usually collected and tested for common or serious Blood-borne diseases including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. ... Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among ... Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens *^ a b Pierigè F, Serafini S, Rossi L, Magnani M (January 2008). "Cell-based drug delivery ... Kidd antigen protein - urea transporter;. *RhAG - gas transporter, probably of carbon dioxide, defines Rh Blood Group and the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

Immureboost presented a product at the Therapies for Viral Hepatitis Symposium to Boston Scientists. The ... In this sense V1 is similar to the first generation of commercial Hepatitis B vaccine, which contained pooled viral antigens ... Separately, three patients who were Hepatitis B antigen positive became negative after V1 therapy. In contrast, patients who ... Hepatitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease which may culminate in liver cancer. Hepatitis B causes 60% to ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2007/10/prweb558369.htm

Hepatitis B Antigen in Families of Blood Donors Annals of Internal Medicine; 79 (5): 690-693 ... Subtypes of Hepatitis B Antigen: Clinical Relevance?. Ann Intern Med. 1973;79:894-896. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-79-6-894 ... Semen and Hepatitis B Antigen Annals of Internal Medicine; 80 (3): 424 ... The synthesis of Australia or hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) is now considered to be the characteristic hallmark of infection by ...

http://annals.org/aim/article/688147/subtypes-hepatitis-b-antigen-clinical-relevance

HEPATITIS B ANTIGEN You will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited in the literature. You can ...

http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1961477

Last year, the team showed that hepatitis B antigens produced by genetically engineered potatoes triggered an immune response ... are genetically engineering a banana to produce an antigen found in the outer coat of the hepatitis B virus. Banana vaccines ... They have already developed potatoes to produce antigens to Escherichia coli and the Norwalk virus causes of diahorrea and hope ...

http://www.dhushara.com/book/genes/genaug/bana.htm

The definition of an australia antigen is a substance in the blood of some people with one form of hepatitus that causes the ... Australia antigen. an antigen present in the blood of some persons with one form of hepatitis ... The definition of an australia antigen is a substance in the blood of some people with one form of hepatitus that causes the ... How would you define Australia antigen? Add your definition here.. Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by ...

http://www.yourdictionary.com/australia-antigen

Blood testing service Blue Horizon Medicals referring patients for Hepatitis B Antibodies (IgM) at private BMI hospitals in the ... Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HbsAg) +£29.05. *. Hepatitis C Antibodies +£34.05. *. Herpes Simples I/II Antibodies IgG + IgM +£ ... This tests for the presence of Hepatitis B Antibody IgM in the body.. ... This tests for the presence of Hepatitis B Antibody IgM in the body. ...

https://privatebloodtests.com/hepatitis-b-antibodies-igm-bmi-blood-test.html

Hepatitis core antigen (IPR002006). Short name: Hepatitis_core Overlapping homologous superfamilies *Viral capsid core domain ... This entry represent the core antigen of the viral capsid (HBcAg) from various Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a major human ... The capsid is composed of a single polypeptide, HBcAg, also known as the core antigen. The capsid has a 5-helical fold, where ... This viral capsid acts as a core antigen, the major immunodominant region lying at the tips of the alpha-helical hairpins that ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR002006

Hepatitis-associated antigen in chronic hepatitis. Br Med J 1973; 3 :49 ... Hepatitis-associated antigen in chronic hepatitis.. Br Med J 1973; 3 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.3.5870.49-a (Published 07 ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/3/5870/49.2/article-info

Reactive Hepatitis B Surface Antigen will reflex to the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Confirmatory neutralization test for an ... Home : For health professionals : Refer a patient : Laboratory Services : Test Table : HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN ...

http://www.legacyhealth.org/for-health-professionals/refer-a-patient/laboratory-services/test-table/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen.aspx

Definition of hepatitis B e antigen. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and ... hepatitis B e antigen. Definition: an antigen, or group of antigens, associated with hepatitis B infection and distinct from ... the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the core antigen (HBcAg); it is associated with the viral nucleocapsid. Its presence indicates ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/hepatitis-b-e-antigen.html

HbS antigen. positive. hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs ... I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports: ... Hep B surface antigen positive. I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier ... I am diagnosed as Hep B carrier.My test reports:HbS antigen. positive. hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on ... hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs.My ALT level & liver ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Hepatitis-B/Hep-B-surface-antigen-positive/show/1308466

... gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacteriummediated transformation. Four different expression... ... Agrobacterium Edible vaccine Embryogenic cells Hepatitis B surface antigen Transgenic banana Abbreviations. ADS. Adenine ... Mason HS, Lam DMK, Arntzen CJ (1992) Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen in transgenic plants. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 89: ... Rasthali (AAB) have been transformed with the s gene of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Agrobacterium mediated ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00425-005-1556-y

Identification and Management of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)--Positive Persons. Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus ... obtain vaccination against hepatitis A if chronic liver disease is present (2). *When seeking medical or dental care, HBsAg- ... Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization ... Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989;8:870--5. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5516a4.htm

2013 Sep;58(3):881-9. doi: 10.1002/hep.26415. Epub 2013 Jul 29. Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; ... Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection.. Ashraf S1, Nitschke K, Warshow UM ... Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral peptides to CD8+ T cells to permit detection of infected cells, and ... CD8+ T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in generating a successful immune response and spontaneously ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532923?dopt=Abstract

Hepatitis b surface antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation ... hepatitis b surface antigen in Medicine Expand. hepatitis B surface antigen n. Abbr. HBsAg An antigen of the small spherical ... and filamentous forms of hepatitis B antibodies that is also present on the Dane particle. ... Nearby words for hepatitis b surface antigen. * hepatitis a * hepatitis a virus ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen

Hepatitis b e antigen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look ... hepatitis b e antigen in Medicine Expand. hepatitis B e antigen n. Abbr. HBe, HBeAg A core protein antigen of the hepatitis B ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/hepatitis-b-e-antigen

Hepatitis B virus-specific (HBV-specific) T cells have been identified as main effector cells in HBV clearance. In contrast, B ... cells producing neutralizing antibodies against the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) have been studied in little detail, mainly due ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/124098/figure/1

Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus.. Talbot PJ, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208281?dopt=Abstract

What is viral hepatitis antigens? Meaning of viral hepatitis antigens medical term. What does viral hepatitis antigens mean? ... Looking for online definition of viral hepatitis antigens in the Medical Dictionary? viral hepatitis antigens explanation free ... viral hepatitis antigens. vi·ral hep·a·ti·tis an·ti·gens (vīrăl hepă-tītis anti-jĕnz) Immunogenic components of hepatitis ... Viral hepatitis antigens , definition of viral hepatitis antigens by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary. ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/viral+hepatitis+antigens

Buy our Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein. Ab68870 is an active protein fragment produced in Escherichia ... Recombinant Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen protein. See all Hepatitis A Virus Surface Antigen proteins and peptides. ... Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is spread by faecal-oral contact or ingestion of ... Microbiology Organism Virus RNA Virus ssRNA positive strand virus Hepatitis A/C/E/G ...

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Buy our Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus E Antigen protein. Ab91273 is an active full length protein produced in Escherichia coli ... Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral protein associated with HBV infections. Unlike the surface antigen, the e-antigen is ... When the virus goes into "hiding," the e-antigen will no longer be present in the blood. HBeAg is often used as a marker of ... of HBV that do not make e-antigen; these are especially common in the Middle East and Asia. In areas where these strains of HBV ...

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B news Hepatitis B Outreach hepatitis B vaccine hepatitis C hepatitis D hepatocellular carcinoma HepB hep B Hep B Awareness Hep ... Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Prevention, Living with Hepatitis B Youve Lost the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ... Tag Archives: hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B Diagnosis & Monitoring, Hepatitis B Treatment ... discrimination HBV vaccine HCC HCV HDV hepatitis B Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Foundation Hepatitis B Foundation Events Hepatitis ...

https://www.hepb.org/blog/tag/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen/

PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN. The rate of positive results for hepatitis B surface antigen was 0.7% in our ... All blood samples positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were also tested for hepatitis B e antigen and its antibody (Abbott ... Failure of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination: the role of HBV-DNA levels in hepatitis B carrier mothers and HLA antigens in ... Of the 705 women positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 118 (16.7%) were positive for the e antigen. The rate of positive ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/311/7014/1197

Most patients do not turn their surface antigen to negative on treatment. The next best results we hope... ... The length of treatment will depend on your type of hepatitis B infection - e antigen negative or e antigen positive. Discuss ... Ask the Experts > Forum on Hepatitis and HIV Coinfection > Q & A Antigen positive to Non-reactive. Sep 25, 2005 How long is the ... Most patients do not turn their surface antigen to negative on treatment. The next best results we hope for is to turn the ...

http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Hepatitis/Q168558.html

... then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no virus in her blood. Yes I would agree that ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, ... hep B Surface Antigen Positive. Feb 4, 2006 My wife recently ... If your wife is at risk for hepatitis B, then the surface antigen can mean a chronic carrier state that is inactive due to no ... Yes I would agree that she should see a specialist to be certain that: 1. The hepatitis B surface antigen was confirmed. 2. To ...

http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Hepatitis/Q171851.html

"Australia antigen", later renamed HBsAg (for hepatitis B surface antigen), in patient blood [6]. HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) ... Milich D, Liang J. Exploring the biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 2003 ;38 ... Antigenic determinants and functional domains in core antigen and e antigen from hepatitis B virus. J. Virol. 1989 ;63:798-808 ... Mutation preventing formation of the hepatitis B e antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Lancet. 1989 ;2:588- ...

https://www.medsci.org/v02p0002.htm

This invention relates to a DNA fragment comprising a base sequence encoding a non-A non-B hepatitis-specific antigen ... Non-A non-B hepatitis specific antigen and its use in hepatitis ... hepatitis B, hepatitis D and other hepatitis symptoms caused by ... with serum from a normal person or non-A non-B hepatitis patient, wherein the antigens used are a purified antigen in A, an ... 1. An isolated DNA fragment coding for a non-A non-B hepatitis-specific antigen polyopeptide, said DNA fragment having a ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5641654.html

Browse our Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen all backed by our Guarantee+. ... Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen available through Novus Biologicals. ...

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Browse our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibody catalog backed by our Guarantee+. ... Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies available through Novus Biologicals. ... Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies. We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications ... Choose from our Hepatitis A Surface Antigen monoclonal antibodies.. Alternate Names for Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies ...

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LBDHBG - Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B ... LBDHD - Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). Variable Name: LBDHD SAS Label: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). English Text: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_G) Data File: HEPBD_G.xpt First Published: September ... The Hepatitis B surface antigen is tested only when the Hepatitis B core antibody test is positive. Participant results are ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2011-2012/HEPBD_G.htm

LBDHBG - Hepatitis B surface antigen. Variable Name: LBDHBG. SAS Label: Hepatitis B surface antigen. English Text: Hepatitis B ... Hepatitis B: Core Antibody, Surface Antigen; Hepatitis D Antibody (HEPBD_D) Data File: HEPBD_D.xpt First Published: February ... LBDHD - Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). Variable Name: LBDHD. SAS Label: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). English Text: Hepatitis D (anti-HDV). ... LBXHBC - Hepatitis B core antibody. Variable Name: LBXHBC. SAS Label: Hepatitis B core antibody. English Text: Hepatitis B core ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2005-2006/HEPBD_D.htm

Hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C and HIV antibodies in a low-risk blood donor group, Nigeria Egah, D.Z.; Banwat, E.B. ... Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C virus antibodies among blood donors in Alexandria, Egypt Wasfi, O.A ... Serum level of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen 6-8 years after hepatitis B vaccination at birth Kazemi, A.; Koosha, A.; ... were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen [‎HBsAg]‎ and anti-hepatitis C virus [‎HCV]‎ antibodies. A total of 119 donors [‎ ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/137473

History of Hepatitis B; Detection of antigen in serum of acute hepatitis; Comments on delta agent of the antigen. ... Association of the discovery of the Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen with... ... Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses. London, W. Thomas // Annals of Internal Medicine;Apr73, Vol. 78 Issue 4, p624 Reviews ... Familial hepatoma with hepatitis-associated antigen. Denison, Edward K.; Peters, Robert L.; Reynolds, Telfer B.; Denison, E K; ...

http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/64098952/hepatitis-associated-antigen-liver-disease-kenya

Different guidelines exist for the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected healthcare workers (HCWs). Various HBV DNA ... Different guidelines exist for the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected healthcare workers (HCWs). Various HBV DNA ... Hepatitis B e antigen-positive Healthcare Workers More in this Section.... Infection Prevention and Safety Issue TOOLKITS. ...

http://www.osap.org/page/Issues_hepBe1/Hepatitis-B-e-antigen-positive-Healthcare-Workers.htm

Neutralization with antibodies to the e antigen as well as by antibodies to the homologous d or y component of the hepatitis B ... Serums containing the "e" antigen of hepatitis B virus were subjected to electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. An extra band ... Hepatitis B e antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 ... Hepatitis B "e" antigen: an apparent association with lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-5 ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/198/4321/1068

This tests for the presence of Hepatitis B Antibody IgM in the body. (privatebloodtests.com)

Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) is a viral protein associated with HBV infections. (abcam.com)
successful treatment will usually eliminate HBeAg from the blood and lead to development of antibodies against e-antigen (anti-HBe). (abcam.com)
The core promoter mutants express less HBe antigen (HBeAg) through transcriptional down regulation, while precore mutants express truncated products. (medsci.org)
HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen) was identified several years later as a marker for patients at high risk for transmission of the disease [ 20 ]. (medsci.org)
Molecular cloning and sequencing of the HBV genome led to the redefinition of the three HBV antigens as viral gene products endowed with specific functions in viral life cycle [for an in-depth review on the molecular biology of HBV, see ref. 13].The HBcAg and HBeAg are alternative translation products of the core gene, with HBeAg translation requiring an upstream precore region ATG codon (Fig. 2 ). (medsci.org)
Hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children are at high risk of severe complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (hindawi.com)
By revisiting our previous screen of microRNA plasma levels in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in healthy controls, candidate microRNAs with aberrant plasma expressions in HBeAg-positive children were identified. (hindawi.com)
Risk of progressive liver disease primarily applies to hepatitis B e antigen positive (HBeAg-positive) children and seroclearance of HBeAg is a key event in the natural course of disease [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Several assays have been developed for the measurement of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) or hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) concentrations ( 1 , 3 , 16 ). (asm.org)
Since HBeAg and HBcAg share a 149-amino-acid sequence identity, they are collectively called hepatitis B core-related antigens (HBcrAg) ( 5 , 13 ). (asm.org)
In this assay, the specimens were pretreated so that HBeAg and HBcAg were released from the patients' own anti-HBe and anti-HBc antibody-antigen complexes, respectively. (asm.org)
HBeAg stands for hepatitis B e-antigen . (verywell.com)
People with chronic hepatitis B can show seroconversion-the levels of HBeAg dropping until they're undetectable while levels of anti-HBe antibodies develop. (verywell.com)
Interestingly, there are strains of hepatitis B virus that don't produce HBeAg. (verywell.com)
They can have an active Hepatitis B infection without a positive HBeAg test . (verywell.com)
Liaw Y-F. HBeAg Seroconversion as an Important End Point in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatology International . (verywell.com)
A Randomized Prospective Open-label Trial for Comparing Combination Therapy Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Adefovir Dipivoxil and Peg-Interferon Alfa-2a/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Versus no Treatment in HBeAg Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Low Viral Load. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Study population: The study population will consist of 150 patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus with low viral load and HBeAg negativity. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The proliferative response of PBMC to hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope, core, and e Ag was analyzed prospectively in 21 patients with acute self-limited HBV infection and compared with the response of patients with chronic HBV infection and different levels of HBV replication (i.e., hepatitis e Ag (HBeAg)- or anti-HBe-positive) and liver damage (i.e., chronic active hepatitis or chronic asymptomatic carriers). (jimmunol.org)
Percentage of HBeAg-positive subjects detected using the hepatitis sAg/eAg test versus the PEI HBeAg standard. (asm.org)
The objectives of this review were to assess the effects of the sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and interferon compared to interferon alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Glucocorticosteroid pretreatment was associated with a significantly higher frequency of loss of hepatitis B markers (HBeAg and HBV DNA), but had no significant effect on clinical outcomes. (cochrane.org)
Mellerup MT, Krogsgaard K, Mathurin P, Gluud C, Poynard T. Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. (cochrane.org)

This entry represent the core antigen of the viral capsid (HBcAg) from various Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a major human pathogen. (ebi.ac.uk)
The capsid is composed of a single polypeptide, HBcAg, also known as the core antigen. (ebi.ac.uk)
This involves the reaction of anti-HBc in the sample with hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) coated wells. (cdc.gov)
The core protein of the hepatitis B virus, HBcAg, assembles into highly immunogenic virus-like particles (HBc VLPs) when expressed in a variety of heterologous systems. (jic.ac.uk)

In this sense V1 is similar to the first generation of commercial Hepatitis B vaccine, which contained pooled viral antigens derived from the blood of hepatitis B carriers. (prweb.com)
Western and dot immunoblotting analysis of viral antigens and antibodies: application to murine hepatitis virus. (nih.gov)
This assay detected picogram quantities of viral antigens and antibodies. (nih.gov)
And B-cells, so they don't generate the antibodies needed to destroy the viral antigens that make up the virus. (hepb.org)
Two-step immunohistochemical staining showed the expression of viral antigens in situ. (unboundmedicine.com)

Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 2019;130:104-118 Authors: Alter HJ Abstract The modern age of viral hepatitis began in the early 1960s with the serendipitous discovery of the Australia antigen, a protein that was later shown to represent the envelope of the hepatitis B virus leading to its designation as the hepatitis B surface antigen. (medworm.com)
Authors: Mak LY, Ko KL, To WP, Wong DK, Seto WK, Fung J, Yuen MF Abstract Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) was shown to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing treatment. (medworm.com)

A boost in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was defined as a fourfold rise in levels to ≥20 mIU/mL that was not accompanied by the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen or attributable to interim vaccination. (ovid.com)

Pili fractions isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Escherichia coli bound to hepatitis B surface antigen and produced false positive anti-hepatitis B surface antigen reactions. (asm.org)

Association of the discovery of the Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen with. (ebscohost.com)

Entecavir Reduced Serum Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (medworm.com)
Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The Immureboost Company presented poster 'Normalization of Elevated Liver Enzymes due to V-1 Immureboost Therapy' at the international symposium Therapies for Viral Hepatitis held in Boston on October 29-31, 2002. (prweb.com)
Hepatitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease which may culminate in liver cancer. (prweb.com)
Hepatitis B causes 60% to 80% of the world's primary liver cancer with over one million people dying annually. (prweb.com)
Diagnosis of virally induced chronic hepatitis is often made when a patient presents elevated liver enzyme levels known as alanine (ALT or SGPT) and aspartate (AST or SGOT) aminotransferases. (prweb.com)
hep e antigen.Negative.HBV DNA.Negative.I am on treatment with lumividine tab 100 mg/day for about 3 yrs.My ALT level & liver ultrasound test normal.I wish to go abroad for a job and there Hep.B Surface antigen is tested.If one is positive, it is a sure rejection.Can inj. (medhelp.org)
Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at high risk for chronic liver disease and are a major reservoir of HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
The core promoter mutants have been associated with the development of fulminant hepatitis during acute infection and liver cancer during chronic infection. (medsci.org)
Investigation of SEN Virus Infection in Patients with Cryptogenic Acute Liver Failure, Hepatitis-Associated Aplastic Anemia, or Acute and Chronic Non--A--E Hepatitis. (ebscohost.com)
The hepatitis-associated liver injury in HIV-infected cases has been one of the important reasons for mortality and morbidity in. (ebscohost.com)
The article discusses the increasing threats of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), which attacks the liver cells and leads to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. (ebscohost.com)
Exacerbation of chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B surface antigen after delta infection. (ebscohost.com)
In conclusion, serum HBcrAg levels correlated with HBV virological markers and reflected the chronic hepatitis B disease activity in the liver. (asm.org)
The hepatitis B virus is an important cause of acute and chronic liver disease. (thermofisher.com)
Antibodies to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B serology and liver enzymes were examined in 137 Finnish haemophiliac patients to detect signs of chronic viral hepatitis and its possible aetiological associations. (arctichealth.org)
Factors associated with viral breakthrough in lamivudine monoprophylaxis of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation. (umassmed.edu)
Chronic hepatitis C is a serious liver disease that often results in cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. (mdpi.com)
N-glycopeptide signatures of IgA2 in serum from patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver diseases. (medworm.com)
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can arise de novo after liver transplantation (LT) for non-autoimmune liver diseases. (medsci.org)
The objectives were to assess the effects of the sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone in hepatitis B 'e' antigen positive chronic hepatitis B on mortality, virological response, biochemical response, liver histology, quality of life, and adverse events. (cochrane.org)
Proceedings: Serial liver biopsies in hepatitis B antigen carriers. (bmj.com)
Hepatitis is the term for inflammation of the liver and may be due to infectious or non-infectious causes. (healthhype.com)
The five types of hepatitis viruses are common infectious causes of liver inflammation, and some like hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV) are more frequently seen infectious agents. (healthhype.com)
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can infect the liver cells resulting in an acute infection or persist with chronic inflammation of the liver. (healthhype.com)
Fulminant hepatitis with destruction of large parts of the liver is life-threatening. (healthhype.com)
In chronic hepatitis B infection, the patient may be asymptomatic for long periods of time until there is severe damage to the liver. (healthhype.com)
Chronic hepatitis B is seen where the virus does not clear and the infection persists past 6 months.The clinical features of chronic HBV infection depends on the degree of liver damage. (healthhype.com)
A carrier is a person with chronic hepatitis B showing no symptoms of the infection and there is no damage to the liver. (healthhype.com)
Worldwide, over 300 million persons are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can cause chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma ( 22 , 35 ). (asm.org)
Hep G2 is a human liver cancer cell line. (wikipedia.org)
Hep G2 is a perpetual cell line which was derived from the liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian American male with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)

The recombinant polypeptide and the single strand DNA sequence for PCR primer make it possible to detect the non-A non-B hepatitis virus with extremely high accuracy. (freepatentsonline.com)
Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen of ayw subtype. (genetex.com)

Interferon is an established treatment for chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. (cochrane.org)

Reduction of hepatitis B surface antigen levels and hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving 10 years of nucleoside analogue therapy. (curehunter.com)
A large case-control study on the predictability of hepatitis B surface antigen levels three years before hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. (curehunter.com)
High hepatitis B surface antigen levels predict insignificant fibrosis in hepatitis B e antigen positive chronic hepatitis B. (curehunter.com)
Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B after 2 years of entecavir treatment. (curehunter.com)

Higher monoclonal antibody binding of 67.87% of the antigen was observed when it was expressed with a C-terminal ER retention signal. (springer.com)
Hepatitis B Virus X antigen Monoclonal antibody specifically detects Hepatitis B Virus X antigen in Virus samples. (fishersci.com)
The following antibody was used in this experiment: Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (H6F5) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-21697, RRID AB_559401. (thermofisher.com)
The following antibody was used in this experiment: Hepatitis C Virus Core Antigen Monoclonal Antibody (11B3) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-7613, RRID AB_1075580. (thermofisher.com)

The expression levels of the antigen in the plants grown under in vitro conditions as well as the green house hardened plants were estimated by ELISA for all the four constructs. (springer.com)
We offer Hepatitis A Surface Antigen Antibodies for use in common research applications: ELISA, Radioimmunoassay. (novusbio.com)
ELISA procedures provide a means for routinely detecting antibodies to specific antigens. (cdc.gov)
The International Immunodiagnostics HDV Ab assay is a competitive enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) for the determination of antibodies to Hepatitis D Virus or HDV in human plasma and sera with a 'two step" methodology. (cdc.gov)
HCV NS4 Antigen is suitable for ELISA and Western blots, excellent antigen for detection of HCV with minimal specificity problems. (prospecbio.com)
The Hunan Jynda ELISA had the lowest sensitivity (59.5%), and the authors concluded that ELISA assays are probably a less reliable technology for HCV antigen detection than assays which use signal amplification that allows enhancement of antigen detection. (hivandhepatitis.com)

Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
About 20% to 30% of coinfections of HDV and HBV in humans develop fatal fulminant hepatitis versus 2% of patients with acute hepatitis B mono-infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) causes chronic and, occasionally, fulminant hepatitis in humans ( 16 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral peptides to CD8+ T cells to permit detection of infected cells, and tapasin is an important component of the peptide loading complex for HLA class I. We sought to determine if tapasin polymorphisms affected the outcome of HCV infection. (nih.gov)
Detection of antibodies to HIV-1 gp41- and HLA class II antigen-derived peptides in SLE patients. (biomedsearch.com)
A sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay has been developed for hepatitis B virus (HBV) core-related antigen (HBcrAg) detection. (asm.org)
No absolute correlation between the detection of HBs Ag, or previous history of hepatitis, jaundice, or current hepatitis was found. (bmj.com)
HCV core-antigen can be used as a marker of viraemia as there is good non-linear correlation with HCV-RNA (r=0.87 vs. Abbot Real-Time qRT-PCR) with the lower limit of detection corresponding to HCV viral load of 700-1100 IU/ml [10]. (natap.org)

Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. (nih.gov)

HLA-DP and γ-interferon receptor-2 gene variants and their association with viral hepatitis activity in chronic hepatitis B infection. (curehunter.com)
In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence and significance of mutations in part of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) x gene, and tried to clarify their relationship with clinicopathological or histopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). (unboundmedicine.com)
We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding CTLA-4 may affect the vigor of the T-cell response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, thus influencing viral persistence. (asm.org)

To develop a low cost, high compliance screening programme for identification of carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen in the obstetric population of the Netherlands. (bmj.com)
Globally, about 248 million people are chronic HBV surface antigen carriers, and about 5% of them also had hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection as well. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Twenty-five (13.3%) of the 188 individuals who were studied became chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. (arctichealth.org)
Among patients who were four years of age or less when infected, 28.8% became chronic carriers of hepatitis B, as compared with 7.7% of those who were 30 years of age or older. (arctichealth.org)
The prevalence of infection for at least 15 years, that antibody hepatitis B carriers varies in different parts levels decrease the most among persons of the world, ranging from less than 1% to immunized at 4 years of age or younger, and 15% [ 2 ]. (who.int)
In the Islamic Republic of Iran the level have been exposed to HBV and about 3% of antibodies to hepatitis B in vaccinated are chronic carriers, ranging from 1.7% individuals is not known. (who.int)

8%). During delivery of recommended hepatitis B vaccination services (e.g. (cdc.gov)
The duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in children is unknown. (who.int)
Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural African primary health care programmes. (ebscohost.com)
Examines the integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural health care programs in South Africa. (ebscohost.com)
It has been reported that when hepatitis services is good throughout the territory, B vaccination is initiated at birth, there and vaccinations are delivered through local is an increased likelihood that the child health districts which are able to reach the will complete the series [ 8,9 ] hence an whole population. (who.int)
In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. (medworm.com)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 300 million people worldwide, and increases their risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma by a hundred fold [ 3 ]. (medsci.org)
Hepatitis-associated antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (ebscohost.com)
Describes the prevalence of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan. (ebscohost.com)
Viral hepatitis-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma shares common disease processes with hepatocellular carcinoma. (ebscohost.com)
This feature of the e antigen provides an assay system for laboratory diagnosis of potential clinical usefulness and suggests its possible role in pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury. (sciencemag.org)
Children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have a lifetime risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 25% and an incidence of cirrhosis of 2-3% per year [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Worldwide, hepatitis B infection is one of the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. (ebscohost.com)
A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries. (medworm.com)

HDV is a satellite virus which requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) to supply envelope proteins for virus assembly and production ( 46 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Viral proteins (antigens) trigger the immune system to produce corresponding antibodies. (healthhype.com)
Tandem fusion of hepatitis B core antigen allows assembly of virus-like particles in bacteria and plants with enhanced capacity to accommodate foreign proteins. (jic.ac.uk)
Both inserted proteins are correctly folded and the nanobody fused to the surface of the tandem core particle (which we name tandibody) retains the ability to bind to its cognate antigen. (jic.ac.uk)

About 500 million individuals worldwide are infected with two major types of hepatitis B and C viruses. (prweb.com)
Thus, it is possible that V-1 Immureboost might be useful for treating hepatitis, especially when one considers the fact that immunogenic constituents of V1 are derived from HIV-infected donors many of whom are co-infected with hepatitis B and C viruses. (prweb.com)
Immunogenic components of hepatitis viruses. (thefreedictionary.com)
Unlike the surface antigen, the e-antigen is found in the blood only when there are viruses also present. (abcam.com)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses. (ebscohost.com)
Reviews the book 'Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Viruses,' by A. J. Zuckerman. (ebscohost.com)
A cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of and the risk factors for hepatitis C and B viruses among 700 adults above the age of 40 years in a rural area of South Korea. (ebscohost.com)
INTRODUCTION Co-infections between hepatitis B and HIV viruses are frequent due to their similar epidemiological characteristics. (ebscohost.com)
and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. (who.int)

The review, published in Annals of Internal Medicine on 20 June , compared the sensitivity and specificity of 5 commercially available tests for hepatitis C core antigen compared to nucleic acid testing for HCV RNA. (hivandhepatitis.com)

In this study HCV core-antigen testing on the Architect platform displayed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97.96%) in diagnosing acute HCV in HIV-infected individuals who experience elevated transaminases. (natap.org)

New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of HBV and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
A Cross-Sectional Study of Anti-Hepatitis B Antibody Status in STD Patients: Need for Improved Immunization. (ebscohost.com)
Elimination of New Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections: Results of the Alaska Immunization Program. (ebscohost.com)
Evaluates the effectiveness of a hepatitis B immunization program in eliminating hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission among Alaska Natives in a region in which HBV is endemic. (ebscohost.com)
Immunization against hepatitis B is an important component of preventative medicine and is offered to all children in approximately 30 countries. (thermofisher.com)
Practices (ACIP), is the introduction of study carried out from February 2003 to hepatitis B immunization at birth [ 5,6 ]. (who.int)

doi: 10.1002/hep.26415. (nih.gov)

CD8+ T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in generating a successful immune response and spontaneously clearing infection. (nih.gov)
Cellular immune response to hepatitis B virus-encoded antigens in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (jimmunol.org)

Prospective serological surveys of 1,280 seronegative Yupik Eskimos, performed between 1971 and 1976, identified 189 (14.8%) who developed serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. (arctichealth.org)

Acute Hepatitis B in a Patient with Antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Who Was Receiving Rituximab. (ebscohost.com)
A letter to the editor on acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was having rituximab therapy is presented. (ebscohost.com)
Acute hepatitis B virus infection: relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. (arctichealth.org)
The proportion of patients who progress to chronicity following acute hepatitis B (AHB) varies widely worldwide. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Acute hepatitis with subsequent recovery and total clearance of the virus in a person with a healthy immune system. (healthhype.com)
Acute hepatitis B lasts for less than 6 months. (healthhype.com)

Pregnant women who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen should be identified before delivery to prevent hepatitis B infection in their neonates by passive or active immunisation, or both. (bmj.com)

Yamagiwa S, Kamimura H, Takamura M, Genda T, Ichida T, Nomoto M, Aoyagi Y. Presence of Antibodies against Self Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Hepatitis. (medsci.org)

1 2 3 Therefore, a multicentre study was designed in 1982 to determine whether efficient organisation of screening for hepatitis B could be set up in and outside hospital by adding tests for hepatitis B surface antigen to the already accepted and widely used protocol for routine antenatal screening at 14 weeks of gestation. (bmj.com)

Tapasin along with the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), ERp57 and calreticulin form the peptide loading complex (PLC), which loads viral peptides onto HLA class I. Tapasin binds to HLA class I and is thought to assist in the dissociation of peptides which bind with low affinity. (nih.gov)

All six cases of clinically symptomatic hepatitis were associated with infliximab therapy. (springer.com)

We aimed to investigate the usefulness of HBcrAg measurement for monitoring chronic hepatitis B disease. (asm.org)
A higher HBcrAg concentration was associated with a greater proportion of hepatitis B core antigen immunostaining. (asm.org)
A greater reduction in posttreatment HBcrAg concentration was associated with histological improvement and a decrease in hepatitis B core antigen immunostaining. (asm.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms14

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes9

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care3

Third component, HBeAg/3, of hepatitis B e antigen system, identified by three different double-diffusion techniques. (1/499)

Hepatitis virus infection in haemodialysis patients from Moldavia. (2/499)

Human hepatitis B virus X protein is detectable in nuclei of transfected cells, and is active for transactivation. (3/499)

HBV-specific immune defect in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is correlated with a dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (4/499)

The hepatitis B pX protein promotes dimerization and DNA binding of cellular basic region/leucine zipper proteins by targeting the conserved basic region. (5/499)

HBV and proteinuria in relatives and contacts of children with hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy. (6/499)

The proapoptotic effect of hepatitis B virus HBx protein correlates with its transactivation activity in stably transfected cell lines. (7/499)

Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas: association between loss of chromosome 4q and p53 gene mutations. (8/499)

Hepatitis B Antigens

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B Antibodies

Hepatitis

Hepatitis B, Chronic

Immunoelectrophoresis

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Hepatitis B e Antigens

Hepatitis C

Blood Donors

Carrier State

Hemagglutination Tests

Radioimmunoassay

Immune Sera

Antigens

Immunodiffusion

Complement Fixation Tests

Hepatitis, Viral, Human

Hepatitis C, Chronic

Blood Transfusion

Liver Diseases

Antigens, Bacterial

ABO Blood-Group System

Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis B Virus, Duck

Hepatitis, Chronic

Hepatitis Antibodies

Antigens, Viral

Antiviral Agents

Antibodies, Viral

Hepacivirus

Hepatitis A Vaccines

DNA, Viral

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Iodine Radioisotopes

Antigens, Neoplasm

Hepatitis, Viral, Animal

Hepatitis D

Antigens, Surface

Blood Group Antigens

Hepatitis Viruses

Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Lamivudine

HLA Antigens

Hepatitis Delta Virus

Microscopy, Electron

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis A Antibodies

Hepatitis E virus

Hepatitis, Autoimmune

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Hepatitis A Virus, Human

Molecular Sequence Data

Liver Neoplasms

Liver Cirrhosis

Hepatitis, Animal

Alanine Transaminase

Epitopes

Liver

RNA, Viral

HLA-B Antigens

Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck

Hepatitis delta Antigens

Interferon-alpha

Hepatitis C Antigens

Hepatitis Antigens

Virus Replication

Base Sequence

HLA-A Antigens

Hepatovirus

Immunoglobulin G

Antigens, Protozoan

Ducks

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Murine hepatitis virus

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