Hepatitis b antibodies. Medical search

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

The type species of the genus ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS which causes human HEPATITIS B and is also apparently a causal agent in human HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. The Dane particle is an intact hepatitis virion, named after its discoverer. Non-infectious spherical and tubular particles are also seen in the serum.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

A variant of the GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME characterized by the acute onset of oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes with relative sparing of strength in the extremities and trunk. The ataxia is produced by peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction and not by cerebellar injury. Facial weakness and sensory loss may also occur. The process is mediated by autoantibodies directed against a component of myelin found in peripheral nerves. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1313; Neurology 1987 Sep;37(9):1493-8)

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

An insoluble support for an ANTIGEN or ANTIBODIES that is used in AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY to adsorb the homologous antibody or antigen from a mixture. Many different substances are used, among them SEPHAROSE; GLUTARALDEHYDE; copolymers of ANHYDRIDES; polyacrylamides, etc.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

A species in the genus HEPATOVIRUS containing one serotype and two strains: HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS and Simian hepatitis A virus causing hepatitis in humans (HEPATITIS A) and primates, respectively.

A DNA virus that closely resembles human hepatitis B virus. It has been recovered from naturally infected ducks.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.

A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).

An antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum may be directed against antigens in the donor product. Such a mismatch may result in a transfusion reaction in which, for example, donor blood is hemolyzed. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984).

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.

Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS, a defective RNA virus that can only infect HEPATITIS B patients. For its viral coating, hepatitis delta virus requires the HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS produced by these patients. Hepatitis D can occur either concomitantly with (coinfection) or subsequent to (superinfection) hepatitis B infection. Similar to hepatitis B, it is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.

Any of the viruses that cause inflammation of the liver. They include both DNA and RNA viruses as well viruses from humans and animals.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A reverse transcriptase inhibitor and ZALCITABINE analog in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. It is used to treat HIV disease.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Acute INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans; caused by HEPATITIS E VIRUS, a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus. Similar to HEPATITIS A, its incubation period is 15-60 days and is enterically transmitted, usually by fecal-oral transmission.

A defective virus, containing particles of RNA nucleoprotein in virion-like form, present in patients with acute hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis. It requires the presence of a hepadnavirus for full replication. This is the lone species in the genus Deltavirus.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS A ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)

A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.

Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

Diseases characterized by injury or dysfunction involving multiple peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process may primarily affect myelin or nerve axons. Two of the more common demyelinating forms are acute inflammatory polyradiculopathy (GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME) and POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING. Polyradiculoneuritis refers to inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

An ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS causing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in woodchucks. It closely resembles the human hepatitis B virus.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES, and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

A genus of PICORNAVIRIDAE causing infectious hepatitis naturally in humans and experimentally in other primates. It is transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water. HEPATITIS A VIRUS is the type species.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Antigens of the virions of HEPACIVIRUS, their surface, core, or other associated antigens.

Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.

A species of the CORONAVIRUS genus causing hepatitis in mice. Four strains have been identified as MHV 1, MHV 2, MHV 3, and MHV 4 (also known as MHV-JHM, which is neurotropic and causes disseminated encephalomyelitis with demyelination as well as focal liver necrosis).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS A VIRUS such as the human hepatitis A virus (HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HUMAN).

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.

A genus of Sciuridae consisting of 14 species. They are shortlegged, burrowing rodents which hibernate in winter.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

A nucleoside antimetabolite antiviral agent that blocks nucleic acid synthesis and is used against both RNA and DNA viruses.

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS DELTA VIRUS in conjunction with HEPATITIS B VIRUS and lasting six months or more.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

The ability of viruses to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents or antiviral agents. This resistance is acquired through gene mutation.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

A family of hepatotropic DNA viruses which contains double-stranded DNA genomes and causes hepatitis in humans and animals. There are two genera: AVIHEPADNAVIRUS and ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS. Hepadnaviruses include HEPATITIS B VIRUS, duck hepatitis B virus (HEPATITIS B VIRUS, DUCK), heron hepatitis B virus, ground squirrel hepatitis virus, and woodchuck hepatitis B virus (HEPATITIS B VIRUS, WOODCHUCK).

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.

Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

A form of antibodies consisting only of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (FV FRAGMENTS), connected by a small linker peptide. They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTES (e.g., antibodies of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G class that compete with IGE antibodies for antigen, thereby blocking an allergic response). Blocking antibodies that bind tumors and prevent destruction of tumor cells by CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES have also been called enhancing antibodies. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Retroviral proteins coded by the pol gene. They are usually synthesized as a protein precursor (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into final products that include reverse transcriptase, endonuclease/integrase, and viral protease. Sometimes they are synthesized as a gag-pol fusion protein (FUSION PROTEINS, GAG-POL). pol is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Abuse, overuse, or misuse of a substance by its injection into a vein.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.

Antibodies that can catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are characterized by high substrate specificity and share many mechanistic features with enzymes.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

The presence of viruses in the blood.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A family of RNA viruses, many of which cause disease in humans and domestic animals. There are three genera FLAVIVIRUS; PESTIVIRUS; and HEPACIVIRUS, as well as several unassigned species.

The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Infectious organisms in the BLOOD, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of blood-soiled linens, towels, gowns, BANDAGES, other items from individuals in risk categories, NEEDLES and other sharp objects, MEDICAL WASTE and DENTAL WASTE, all of which health workers are exposed to. This concept is differentiated from the clinical conditions of BACTEREMIA; VIREMIA; and FUNGEMIA where the organism is present in the blood of a patient as the result of a natural infectious process.

The indelible marking of TISSUES, primarily SKIN, by pricking it with NEEDLES to imbed various COLORING AGENTS. Tattooing of the CORNEA is done to colorize LEUKOMA spots.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Unassigned species, in the family PICORNAVIRIDAE, causing high mortality in ducklings 3 days to 3 weeks old.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Third component, HBeAg/3, of hepatitis B e antigen system, identified by three different double-diffusion techniques. (1/1024)

A third component, HB(e)AG/3, of the hepatitis B e antigen system has been detected, and it was consistently detected in three variations of the double-diffusion technique. (+info)

Native display of complete foreign protein domains on the surface of hepatitis B virus capsids. (2/1024)

The nucleocapsid of hepatitis B virus (HBV), or HBcAg, is a highly symmetric structure formed by multiple dimers of a single core protein that contains potent T helper epitopes in its 183-aa sequence. Both factors make HBcAg an unusually strong immunogen and an attractive candidate as a carrier for foreign epitopes. The immunodominant c/e1 epitope on the capsid has been suggested as a superior location to convey high immunogenicity to a heterologous sequence. Because of its central position, however, any c/e1 insert disrupts the core protein's primary sequence; hence, only peptides, or rather small protein fragments seemed to be compatible with particle formation. According to recent structural data, the epitope is located at the tips of prominent surface spikes formed by the very stable dimer interfaces. We therefore reasoned that much larger inserts might be tolerated, provided the individual parts of a corresponding fusion protein could fold independently. Using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model insert, we show that the chimeric protein efficiently forms fluorescent particles; hence, all of its structurally important parts must be properly folded. We also demonstrate that the GFP domains are surface-exposed and that the chimeric particles elicit a potent humoral response against native GFP. Hence, proteins of at least up to 238 aa can be natively displayed on the surface of HBV core particles. Such chimeras may not only be useful as vaccines but may also open the way for high resolution structural analyses of nonassembling proteins by electron microscopy. (+info)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice as an investigative tool to study immunopathology during HBV infection. (3/1024)

An overview is given regarding the use of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice as an animal model of the HBV-carrier state. Initially, we show how HBV-transgenic mice have contributed insights into the immunopathobiological processes during HBV infection and later, we show how this new information from the experiments with HBV-transgenic mice could be used to develop new methods to combat HBV infection. By microinjecting the full or selected parts of the HBV-genome into the fertilized eggs of inbred mice, different laboratories have developed different lines of HBV-transgenic mice, which express products of the HBV genome and also show signs of HBV replication. Studies in HBV-transgenic mice have provided insights into the process of destruction of hepatocytes, the critical role of cytokines in controlling HBV replication and gene expression, mechanisms underlying the immune response defect in chronic HBV-carriers and the critical role of antigen presenting cells (APC), especially that of antigen presenting dendritic cells in persistent HBV infection. All this new information has given us a better understanding about HBV immunopathobiology, and has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to combat HBV infection. (+info)

HBV-specific immune defect in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is correlated with a dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (4/1024)

The aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulating effects of rhIL-12 on the immune response induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens in clinical subgroups of patients with HBV infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 80 patients were stimulated with HBsAg, HBcAg, pre-S1Ag and tetanus toxoid in the absence or presence of IL-12 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ng/ml). Stimulation by anti-CD3+ anti-CD28 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as controls. Proliferation and cytokine production were determined by 3H-thymidine uptake and ELISA after 72 h. After stimulation with HBV antigens only, production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or IL-10 was observed in all patients, while interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detectable in only 27 patients. After costimulation with IL-12 and HBV antigens, however, large amounts of IFN-gamma were found in all patients, while HBV-induced IL-10 production remained mostly unchanged. When clinical subgroups including patients with compensated liver cirrhosis were compared, PBMC from patients with HBeAg+ hepatitis showed the lowest capacity to produce IFN-gamma after HBV antigen-positive IL-12. These data suggest that the ability of IL-12 to enhance IFN-gamma production against HBV antigens is correlated with the presence of HBeAg and is not impaired in patients with advanced liver disease. In addition, IL-12 and IL-10 production by antigen-presenting cells may be a critical factor that determines the efficacy of the immune response against the hepatitis B virus. (+info)

Properties of monoclonal antibodies directed against hepatitis B virus polymerase protein. (5/1024)

Hepadnavirus polymerases are multifunctional enzymes that play critical roles during the viral life cycle but have been difficult to study due to a lack of a well-defined panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). We have used recombinant human hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase (Pol) expressed in and purified from baculovirus-infected insect cells to generate a panel of six MAbs directed against HBV Pol protein. Such MAbs were subsequently characterized with respect to their isotypes and functions in analytical and preparative assays. Using these MAbs as probes together with various deletion mutants of Pol expressed in insect cells, we mapped the B-cell epitopes of Pol recognized by these MAbs to amino acids (aa) 8 to 20 and 20 to 30 in the terminal protein (TP) region of Pol, to aa 225 to 250 in the spacer region, and to aa 800 to 832 in the RNase H domain. Confocal microscopy and immunocytochemical studies using various Pol-specific MAbs revealed that the protein itself appears to be exclusively localized to the cytoplasm. Finally, MAbs specific for the TP domain, but not MAbs specific for the spacer or RNase H regions of Pol, appeared to inhibit Pol function in the in vitro priming assay, suggesting that antibody-mediated interference with TP may now be assessed in the context of HBV replication. (+info)

Intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus surface proteins reduces interleukin-2 augmentation after genetic immunizations. (6/1024)

We have previously shown that hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigens (HBsAgs) are highly immunogenic after genetic immunization. Compared to the secreted middle HBV surface proteins (MHBs) or small HBV surface proteins (SHBs), the nonsecreted large HBV surface protein (LHBs), however, induced significantly weaker humoral and cellular immune responses that could not be augmented by genetic coimmunizations with cytokine expression plasmids. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we examined the effect of coimmunizations with an interleukin-2 (IL-2) DNA expression plasmid on the immunogenicity at the B- and T-cell level of nonsecreted wild-type LHBs, a secreted mutant LHBs, wild-type SHBs, and a nonsecreted mutant SHBs. Coimmunizations of mice with plasmids encoding wild-type SHBs or the secreted mutant LHBs and IL-2 increased anti-HBs responses, helper T-cell proliferative activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing. By contrast, coimmunizations of plasmids encoding wild-type LHBs or nonsecreted mutant SHBs and IL-2 had no significant effects on immune responses. Interestingly, mice immunized with cytokine expression plasmids 14 days after the injection of the wild-type LHBs plasmid showed augmented immune responses compared to animals simultaneously injected with both expression constructs. Anti-HBs responses in mice injected with plasmids encoding secreted forms of HBsAgs were detectable about 10 days earlier than those in mice immunized with plasmids encoding nonsecreted forms of HBsAgs. Based on these observations, we conclude that cytokines produced by DNA plasmids at the initial site of antigen presentation cannot augment LHBs specific immune responses because LHBs is not produced at high enough levels or is not accessible for uptake by antigen-presenting cells. (+info)

A mathematical model predicting anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) decay after vaccination against hepatitis B. (7/1024)

The determination of serum levels of antibodies against hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) after hepatitis B vaccination is currently the only simple test available to predict the decay of protection and to plan the administration of booster doses. A total of 3085 vaccine recipients of plasma-derived and recombinant vaccine have been followed for 10 years to determine the kinetics of anti-HBs production and to construct a mathematical model which could efficiently predict the anti-HBs level decline. The anti-HBs peak level was reached 68 days after the last dose of recombinant vaccine and 138 days after the last dose of plasma-derived vaccines. The age of vaccinees negatively influenced the anti-HBs levels and also the time necessary to reach the anti-HBs peak. A bilogarithmic mathematical model (log10 level, log10 time) of anti-HBs decay has been constructed on a sample of recombinant vaccine recipients and subsequently validated on different samples of recombinant or plasma-derived vaccine recipients. Age, gender, type of vaccine (recombinant or plasma-derived), number of vaccine doses (three or four) did not influence the mathematical model of antibody decay. The program can be downloaded at the site: http:@www2.stat.unibo.it/palareti/vaccine.htm . Introducing an anti-HBs determination obtained after the peak, the program calculates a prediction of individual anti-HBs decline and allows planning of an efficient booster policy. (+info)

Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. (8/1024)

Viral clearance during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been thought to reflect the destruction of infected hepatocytes by CD8(+) T lymphocytes. However, in this study, HBV DNA was shown to largely disappear from the liver and the blood of acutely infected chimpanzees long before the peak of T cell infiltration and most of the liver disease. These results demonstrate that noncytopathic antiviral mechanisms contribute to viral clearance during acute viral hepatitis by purging HBV replicative intermediates from the cytoplasm and covalently closed circular viral DNA from the nucleus of infected cells. (+info)

These antibodies are typically associated with autoimmune hepatitis. These antibodies can be directed against actin, troponin, ... Dawkins, RL; Joske RA (June 1973). "Immunoglobulin deposition in liver of patients with active chronic hepatitis and antibody ... Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are antibodies (immunoglobulins) formed against smooth muscle. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-smooth_muscle_antibody

In autoimmune hepatitis, anti-actin antibody levels correlate with patterns of immune recognition, the pattern of recognition ... 2002). "Smooth muscle antibodies and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis". Autoimmunity. 35 (8): 497-500. doi:10.1080/ ... In gastric cancer anti-actin antibodies were elevated, along with other antibodies in severe disease with poor outcomes. It has ... Anti-actin antibodies (AAA) are found at increased frequency in certain autoimmune diseases and may be of some diagnostic value ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-actin_antibodies

"Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae as unusual antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis". Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica. 55 (1 ... If all these antibodies are negative, then anti-DGP antibodies (antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides) should be ... Other antibodies such as anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies occur in some people with coeliac disease but also occur in ... anti-DGP antibodies perform better than anti-endomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies tests. Because of the major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeliac_disease

Hepatitis C may also induce rheumatoid factor auto-antibodies. Rarer causes which usually behave differently but may cause ... RF is a non-specific antibody and seen in about 10% of healthy people, in many other chronic infections like hepatitis C, and ... Binding of an autoreactive antibody to the Fc receptors is mediated through the antibody's N-glycans, which are altered to ... "Anti-MCV Antibody Test for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a POCT-Immunoassay". American College of Rheumatology, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis

It is assumed that by this point she had "sero converted" for hepatitis C, having produced sufficient antibodies to eliminate ... Three partners have tested positive for hepatitis C antibodies. Further investigations were underway in these cases. Many of ... By 1975 it was known that hepatitis was a blood-born disease and that multiple types of hepatitis virus were in circulation. ... Tests were available to identify the hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses and although it was suspected that another strain of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTSB_anti-D_scandal

The technique is named immunoprophylaxis by gene transfer (IGT). Animal tests for antibodies to ebola, malaria, influenza, and ... hepatitis were underway. In March, scientists, including an inventor of CRISPR, Jennifer Doudna, urged a worldwide moratorium ... In March researchers delivered a recombinant gene encoding a broadly neutralizing antibody into monkeys infected with simian ... HIV; the monkeys' cells produced the antibody, which cleared them of HIV. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy

The frequent association of anti-LKM-1 antibodies and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and the probable existence of an ... Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibody is an autoantibody associated with autoimmune hepatitis. It is one of the several ... "Detection of liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibody using molecularly based immunoassays". J. Clin. Pathol. 55 (12): 906-909. ... infectious and autoimmune form of anti-LKM-1-associated hepatitis, requiring different therapeutical strategies, necessitates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_kidney_microsomal_type_1_antibody

"Long-term follow-up of antimitochondrial antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis". Hepatology. 48 (2): 550-6. doi:10.1002/hep. ... These are called anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), respectively. These antibodies are ... There is also evidence of anti-PDC-E2 antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients. Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (PDH ... 49 (3): 871-9. doi:10.1002/hep.22736. hdl:2434/55031. PMC 2665925. PMID 19185000. Bellucci R, Oertelt S, Gallagher M, Li S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrolipoyl_transacetylase

Kennedy, R.; Eichberg, J.; Lanford, R.; Dreesman, G. (1986). "Anti-idiotypic antibody vaccine for type B viral hepatitis in ... Kennedy has also helped to develop hepatitis B vaccines for chimpanzees and proposed their use in humans in a 1986 study. His ... Some of Kennedy's other research focused on the immune response to viral hepatitis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_C._Kennedy

"Acceptable recipient outcomes with the use of hearts from donors with hepatitis-B core antibodies". J. Heart Lung Transplant. ... "Anti-HLA antibodies are associated with restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiac allograft vasculopathy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_P._Pinney

... is a human monoclonal antibody directed against the hepatitis B virus. WHO Drug Information Shouval D, Terrault N, ... in Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv) in Liver Transplant (Lt) Recipients". Hepatology. 44 (4): 188A-700A [196A]. doi:10.1002/hep.21395. v ... Monoclonal antibodies, Experimental drugs, All stub articles, Antiinfective agent stubs, Monoclonal antibody stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libivirumab

"Anti-hepatitis C antibodies and non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis in the Netherlands". Lancet. 334 (8658): 297-298. doi: ... Alter, HJ; Purcell, RH; Shih, JW; Melpolder, JC; Houghton, M; Choo, Q-L; Kuo, G (1989). "Detection of antibody to hepatitis C ... De Bisceglie, AM; Alter, H; Kuo, G; Houghton, M; Hoofnagle, JH (1989). "Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients ... Houghton was co-author of a series of seminal studies published in 1989 and 1990 that identified hepatitis C antibodies in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Houghton_(virologist)

"An outbreak of infectious hepatitis investigated using radioimmunoassays for hepatitis A virus antibody". Epidemiology & ... In addition to his efforts in containing smallpox, he dealt with other outbreaks in Birmingham including hepatitis A, hepatitis ... During his tenure as medical officer in Birmingham, he was responsible for containing other outbreaks including hepatitis A, ... and antibody injections. Pallen explains that Bakhshi secured unrestricted funding, the use of three floors of Birmingham's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinder_Singh_Bakhshi

... is a human monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of hepatitis B infections. "WHO Drug Information" (PDF ... in Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv) in Liver Transplant (Lt) Recipients". Hepatology. 44 (4): 188A-700A [196A]. doi:10.1002/hep.21395. v ... Monoclonal antibodies, Experimental drugs, All stub articles, Antiinfective agent stubs, Monoclonal antibody stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exbivirumab

"Selection pressure from neutralizing antibodies drives sequence evolution during acute infection with hepatitis C virus". ... "Hepatitis C: The Insidious Spread Of A Killer Virus" Newsweek, Geoffrey Cowley, April 22, 2002. "The Insidious Spread of a ... "Johns Hopkins Team Finds 'Ancestral' Hepatitis-C Virus at Root of Evolution in Acute and Chronic Infections. AScribe, June 9, ... Netski, D.; Mao, Q.; Ray, S.; Klein, R. (2008). "Genetic divergence of hepatitis C virus: the role of HIV-related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_C._Ray

May 2011). "Importance of the cutoff ratio for detecting antibodies against hepatitis A virus in oral fluids by enzyme ... The second study, conducted by Pascoe, et al., compared saliva antibody testing to serum antibody testing using ELISA followed ... and compared saliva antibody testing and serum antibody testing using ELISA technique in 820 individuals. ... Hepatitis C has also been identified using salivary detection methods. Yaari, et al., reported in 2006 that saliva testing for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva_testing

1993). "Rescue, expression, and analysis of a neutralizing human anti-hepatitis A virus monoclonal antibody". J. Immunol. 151 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGHG3

It may be found in people with anti-hepatitis-C antibodies but with normal serum levels of liver enzymes; in antibody-negative ... In those with chronic hepatitis B, treatment for hepatitis C results in reactivation of hepatitis B about 25% of the time. ... It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Diagnosis is by blood testing to look for either antibodies to ... Hepatitis C testing typically begins with blood testing to detect the presence of antibodies to the HCV, using an enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C

A Revalidation Study of Viral Clearance in the Purification of Monoclonal Antibody CB.Hep-1". Retrieved 12 July 2009. El Eman, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verification_and_validation

It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does not have a chronic stage. A patient's immune system makes antibodies against HAV ... Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis delta virus; it belongs to the genus Deltavirus. HDV is ... Patients with hepatitis C are susceptible to severe hepatitis if they contract either hepatitis A or B, so all persons with ... Hepatitis E is caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), from the family Hepeviridae. It produces symptoms similar to hepatitis A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_hepatitis

Detection of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using monoclonal antibody and the avidin-biotin system. Folia ... KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., STARÁ, J., & NĔMECEK, V. Anti-idiotype antibody as a prospective vaccine against hepatitis B. Folia ... KOREC, E., KORCOVÁ, J., KÖNIG, J., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Detection of antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen using the avidin- ... HLOŽÁNEK, I., DOSTÁLOVÁ, V., KOREC, E., ZELENÝ, V., KÖNIG, J., & NĔMECEK, V. Monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evžen_Korec

With the introduction of second-generation ELISA antibody tests for hepatitis C, the Red Cross changed the ALT policy. As of ... Prior to July 1992, widespread blood donation testing in the US for hepatitis C was not carried out by major blood banks. ... The intent was to identify donors potentially infected with hepatitis C because no specific test for that disease was available ... doi:10.1002/hep.23789. PMID 20658466. S2CID 5141849. Marshall W (2012). "Alanine aminotransferase: analyte monograph" (PDF). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_transaminase

"Antibody responses to the hepatitis C virus E2 protein: relationship to viraemia and prevalence in anti-HCV seronegative ... antibody and protection against DENV-4 challenge in mice and rhesus monkeys by passively transferred humanized antibody". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viremia

The appearance of anti-nuclear antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis was found to correlate with A1-B8-DR3. One of the problems ... October 1998). "Frequency and significance of anti-gliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis" (PDF). Dig. ... of these half had anti-transglutaminase antibodies, but few had endomysial antibody. This could indicate an association with ... "HLA-C genes and susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis". Hepatology. 26 (4): 1023-6. doi:10.1002/hep.510260434. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

For an individual to be diagnosed with HCV, they must first take the hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) screening test. This test is ... some tests measure the level of HIV antibodies in the blood and/or saliva or the level of both HIV antigens and antibodies in ... After the initial exposure to the virus, it usually takes 3-4 weeks but it can take up to six months for antibodies to be ... It can take anywhere from 3-12 weeks after the time of initial exposure for antibodies to appear in the blood. Therefore, even ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_C_and_HIV_coinfection

October 1998). "Hepatitis C virus serotype-specific core and NS4 antibodies in injecting drug users participating in the ... Nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) is a viral protein found in the hepatitis C virus. It acts as a cofactor for the enzyme NS3. ... v t e (Viral nonstructural proteins, Hepatitis C virus, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS4A_(Hepacivirus)

October 1998). "Hepatitis C virus serotype-specific core and NS4 antibodies in injecting drug users participating in the ... Nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) is a viral protein found in the hepatitis C virus. It has mass of 27 kDa and probably involved ... Chapter 8. HCV NS4B: From Obscurity to Central Stage in "Hepatitis C Viruses: Genomes and Molecular Biology." / Tan SL. - ... v t e (Viral nonstructural proteins, Hepatitis C virus, All stub articles, Virus stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS4B_(Hepacivirus)

... between envelope proteins of hepatitis B viruses from Brazilian carriers and antibodies raised against recombinant hepatitis B ... A secondary antibody is added which recognizes and binds to the primary antibody. The secondary antibody is visualized through ... the membrane is exposed to another antibody known as the secondary antibody. Antibodies come from animal sources (or animal ... Then, the serum to be tested is applied in the primary antibody incubation step; free antibody is washed away, and a secondary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_blot

His firm provided the $300,000 start-up funding, and Hybritech's first product, antibodies for the hepatitis B virus, reached ... He was one of the first to use monoclonal antibodies to treat patients with melanoma, leukemia and T cell lymphoma. He ... The idea behind Hybritech was to harness monoclonal antibodies to quickly diagnose and treat diseases. Financier Brook Byers, ... IDEC - Founded in 1985 to develop monoclonal antibodies. Founders include Ivor Royston, Howard Birndorf, Richard Miller and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Royston

HBIG is prepared from the plasma of donors who have high antibody levels of the hepatitis B surface antigen. It is extracted ... Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is a human immunoglobulin that is used to prevent the development of hepatitis B and is used ... Zuckerman JN (July 2007). "Review: hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of hepatitis B infection". Journal of Medical ... HBIG should be given within 14 days of exposure to the hepatitis B virus. The half-life of HBIG is about 3 weeks. In lieu of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B_immune_globulin

21 (5): 1465-8. doi:10.1002/hep.1840210534. PMID 7737654. Negoescu A, Lorimier P, Labat-Moleur F, Drouet C, Robert C, ... or indirectly with streptavidin or antibodies, if biotin-dUTP or BrdUTP are used, respectively. The most sensitive of them is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TUNEL_assay

... is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of immune system ... Severe side effects include reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal ... Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeted against CD20 which is a surface antigen present on B cells. Therefore, it ... Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

As of 2017[update], the drug had not been tested in people with active infections (including any HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis ... It is an IgG4 isotype antibody that blocks a protective mechanism of cancer cells and thereby, allows the immune system to ... brands, Monoclonal antibodies for tumors, Orphan drugs, Tissue agnostic antineoplastic agents, World Health Organization ... Pembrolizumab is a therapeutic antibody that binds to and blocks PD-1 located on lymphocytes. This receptor is generally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab

April 2010). "New genetic associations detected in a host response study to hepatitis B vaccine". Genes and Immunity. 11 (3): ... 2012). "Enhanced ADCC activity of affinity maturated and Fc-engineered mini-antibodies directed against the AML stem cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD96

Developed vaccines, antibodies and antitoxins for deadly agents of bioterrorism such as Ebola, botulinum neurotoxins, and ... Helped advance a new treatment which moved from animal to human trials for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. ... Played key role in developing the current hepatitis B vaccine now administered in 116 countries. Identified genes that ... Developed invaluable animal models for research on cancer, heart disease, obesity, AIDS, and hepatitis among other public ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Biomedical_Research_Institute

doi:10.1002/hep.20286. PMID 15239100. S2CID 23756011. Ito M, Nagata K, Yumoto F, et al. (2005). "1H, 13C, 15N resonance ... in LECT2 using a gene knockout method developed more severe osteoarthritis induced by anti-type II collagen antibodies and ... chemotactic protein LECT2 in human hepatocytes revealed by immunochemical studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2

These antibodies are associated with a more severe disease course, can be observed years before disease onset, and may predict ... doi:10.1002/hep.20815. PMID 16044402. S2CID 37875821. "Alpha 1-Antitrypsin". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of ... The level of A1AT in serum is most often determined by adding an antibody that binds to A1AT, then using turbidimetry to ... as an antigenic target of anti-CarP antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis". Journal of Autoimmunity. 80: 77-84. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1_antitrypsin

doi:10.1002/hep.20195. PMID 15122770. Mundt, A; Puhl, G; Müller, A; Sauer, I; Müller, C; Richard, R; Fotopoulou, C; Doll, R; ... "Affinity binding of antibodies to supermacroporous cryogel adsorbents with immobilized protein A for removal of anthrax toxin ... doi:10.1002/hep.20562. PMID 15690476. Sauer IM, Goetz M, Steffen I, et al. (May 2004). "In vitro comparison of the molecular ... doi:10.1002/hep.21930. PMID 17975845. Kramer, L; Gendo, A; Madl, C; Mullen, KD; Kaminski-Russ, K; Sunder-Plassmann, G; Schaffer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_support_system

Hepatitis B (not C) virus tests positive (for surface antigen or antibody) Arteriogram (angiogram) showing the arteries that ... PAN is sometimes associated with infection by the hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. The condition may be present in infants. ... Infection with the hepatitis C virus and HIV are occasionally discovered in people affected by PAN. PAN has also been ... When present, underlying hepatitis B virus infection should be immediately treated. In some cases, methotrexate or leflunomide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyarteritis_nodosa

This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion ... Stuart, David I.; Ren, Jingshan; Wang, Xiangxi; Rao, Zihe; Fry, Elizabeth E. (May 2019). "Hepatitis A Virus Capsid Structure". ... In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. ... and how antibodies neutralize viruses. Enveloped viruses enter cells by joining a cellular membrane to their lipid bilayer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope

In addition, he co-authored the first reports on hepatitis B-associated polyarteritis nodosa; early reports on twins with lupus ... and many research papers on the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. He convened the first International Conference on Pregnancy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Lockshin

... hepatitis complicated by cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C viral infection, or of old age. PEL occurring in the elderly ... The efficacy of rituximab in CD- PEL may be due to the ability of this antibody to kill non-malignant CD+ 20 lymphocytes and ... Individuals with PEL that is associated with cirrosis due to hepatitis evidence positive serum tests for the hepatitis virus B ... Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against and killing CD20-expressing cells, appears to improve the efficacy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_effusion_lymphoma

One study of the genomic variation in the hepatitis C virus in patients with and without hypogammaglobulinemia found that ... specific antibody deficiency (SAD), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, or X-linked agammaglobulinemia. CVID is the most common form of ... doi:10.1002/hep.510270134. PMID 9425941. S2CID 28147132. "agammaglobulinemia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary " ... "Comparison of the rate of sequence variation in the hypervariable region of E2/NS1 region of hepatitis C virus in normal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogammaglobulinemia

L-enantiomer of thymidine that was used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. During growth of bacteriophage T4, an excess ... which is less harsh than the conditions used to expose the epitope for BrdU antibodies. Edoxudine is an antiviral drug. ... for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B". Collection Symposium Series: 244-248. doi:10.1135/css200810244. Bernstein C, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine

... often fatal hepatitis), and Norwalk group of viruses (gastroenteritis). Caliciviruses naturally infect vertebrates, and have ... a process that involves looking directly at antibody-antigen complexes. The classification of this one Norwalk virus strain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliciviridae

However, symptoms of Hep B include flu-like symptoms, diarrhea, and jaundice. Hep B can either be acute or chronic and can ... With the vaccine, children can build up a supply of antibodies that prevent infection. In general, the DTaP vaccine is only ... HepB The HepB portion of the vaccine protects against Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a virus that can be spread via mother to ... hepatitis B (recombinant) and inactivated polio vaccine or DTaP-IPV-Hep B. It protects against the infectious diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTaP-IPV-HepB_vaccine

Dubious claims about vaccines against hepatitis B, HPV and other diseases have been propagated based on misuse of data from ... The measles virus can deplete previously acquired immune memory by killing cells that make antibodies, and thus weakens the ... I. Serotypes isolated and serum and middle ear fluid antibody in pneumococcal otitis media". Infection and Immunity. 9 (6): ... DeStefano F, Price CS, Weintraub ES (August 2013). "Increasing exposure to antibody-stimulating proteins and polysaccharides in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

Antibodies binding to homocitrulline-containing sequences have been found in rheumatoid arthritis patients' sera More recently ... 1990 Oct;47(10):1134-7. Zammarchi E, Donati MA, Filippi L, Resti M: Cryptogenic hepatitis masking the diagnosis of ornithine ... Turunen, S., Koivula, M.-K., Risteli, L. and Risteli, J. (2010), Anticitrulline antibodies can be caused by homocitrulline- ... Homocitrulline has been suggested as a confounding antigen for rheumatoid arthritis antibodies targeting citrullinated proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocitrulline

The Center of molecular immunology (CIM) developed nimotuzumab, a monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer. Nimotuzumab is an ... hepatitis and chicken pox. Other campaigns included a program to reduce the infant mortality rate in 1970 directed at maternal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cuba

The hepatitis B vaccine prevents infection with hepatitis B virus and thus decreases the risk of liver cancer. The ... Approaches include antibodies, checkpoint therapy, and adoptive cell transfer. Laser therapy uses high-intensity light to treat ... In the developing world, 15% of cancers are due to infections such as Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human ... hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (hepatocellular carcinoma) and human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (T-cell leukemias). Bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

The antibodies that form immune complexes deposits or they bind directly to the nonglomerular antibodies present. Immune- ... Other causes of DPGN are endocarditis, Hepatitis B, and Hepatis C.[citation needed] The etiology plays a role in the specific ... Another mechanism involves antibodies formed against alpha-3 chain of collagen IV. Their deposition occurs in the sub- ... It has been proposed that if fluorescently tagged antibodies were used to target different split products of the complement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_proliferative_nephritis

... cats and horses carry anti-Hepatitis E virus antibodies and thus these animals probably contribute to human Hepatitis E burden ... In Western countries, Hepatitis E burden is largely dependent on exposure to animal products, and pork is a significant source ... 2020). "Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in pets in the Netherlands and the permissiveness of canine liver cells to the ... December 2005). "Hepatitis E virus transmission from wild boar meat". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 11 (12): 1958-1960. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis

His areas of research while in Washington included serologic testing methods and hepatitis screening. He was a clinical ... Greenwalt, T.J. (2005). "Antibodies, antigens, and anticoagulants: a historical review of a lifetime in transfusion medicine- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibor_J._Greenwalt

At least 90% of cases having cryoglobulins in body, hepatitis C is to blame, reflecting the importance of preclusion of ... Cold sensitive antibodies (CSA) are antibodies sensitive to cold temperature. Some cold sensitive antibodies are pathological ... In cryoglobulinemia, antibodies accumulate and block blood vessels. In cold agglutinin disease, antibodies (different from ... Yet, the place where the hemolysis taking place differentiates between D-L antibodies and cold agglutinin. D-L antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_sensitive_antibodies

The monoclonal antibody Rituximab targets the CD20 antigen on the B cells, and is already used in a wide array of other ... doi:10.1002/hep.24748. PMID 22006563. S2CID 39002609. Hirschfield GM, Liu X, Xu C, Lu Y, Xie G, Lu Y, et al. (June 2009). " ... doi:10.1002/hep.28932. PMID 27906472. S2CID 20776738. Assis DN, Abdelghany O, Cai SY, Gossard AA, Eaton JE, Keach JC, et al. ( ... doi:10.1002/hep.21480. PMID 17187426. S2CID 206643. Guglielmi FW, Regano N, Mazzuoli S, Fregnan S, Leogrande G, Guglielmi A, et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

The spleen houses antibody-producing lymphocytes in its white pulp and monocytes which remove antibody-coated bacteria and ... "Hepatic splenosis mimicking HCC in a patient with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and mildly raised alpha feto protein; the ... Assessment of IgM antibodies to viral capsid antigen (a rising titer) is indicated to confirm Epstein-Barr virus or ... Phagocytosis needs natural antibodies, which are immunoglobulins that facilitate phagocytosis either directly or by complement ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen

... , sold under the brand name Libtayo, is a monoclonal antibody medication for the treatment of squamous cell skin ... and hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). Severe reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis ... Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, All articles containing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemiplimab

For several vaccines (anthrax, hepatitis A, etc), the induction of detectable antibodies in blood is used as a surrogate marker ... In hepatitis C medicine, the surrogate endpoint "Sustained Virological Response" has been used for the approval of expensive ... ISBN 0-520-20233-3. Koretz, Ronald (January 13, 2015). "Is Widespread Screening for Hepatitis C Justified?". British Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogate_endpoint

LBDHEG - Hepatitis E IgG (anti-HEV). Variable Name: LBDHEG SAS Label: Hepatitis E IgG (anti-HEV). English Text: Hepatitis E IgG ... LBDHEM - Hepatitis E IgM (anti-HEV). Variable Name: LBDHEM SAS Label: Hepatitis E IgM (anti-HEV). English Text: Hepatitis E IgM ... Hepatitis E: IgG & IgM Antibodies (HEPE_I) Data File: HEPE_I.xpt First Published: September 2017. Last Revised: NA ... Hepatitis E IgG Antibody (IgG Anti-HEV) DS-EIA-ANTI-HEV-G is an enzyme immunoassay kit intended for the detection of IgG ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2015-2016/HEPE_I.htm

Hepatitis C virus RNA concentration and chronic hepatitis in a cohort of patients followed after developing acute hepatitis C. ... Testing for the presence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is recommended for initially identifying persons with ... Antibody to hepatitis C virus. CIA. Chemiluminescence immunoassay, a screening test format for anti-HCV (e.g., VITROS® Anti-HCV ... Tests to detect antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were first licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1990 ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5203a1.htm

Rapid diagnostic tests to detect hepatitis C antibody or antigen World Health Organization (‎World Health Organization, 2019 ... Correlation between hepatitis C viral load and hepatitis C Core antigenaemia among Egyptians ... We tested 132 HCWs for hepatitis B virus [‎HBV]‎ DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction [‎PCR]‎, and hepatitis C virus ... ... Occult hepatitis B infection in Egyptian health care workers Elmaghloub, Reem; Elbahrawy, Ashraf; El Didamony, Gamal; Hashim ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Hepatitis+C+Antibodies&type=mesh

The primary test is the Hepatitis C antibody test. The importance of Hepatitis C antibody detection as a diagnostic tool is a ... particularly hepatitis occurs by identifying the presence or absence of antibodies. ... The Hepatitis C Antibody Test. In the presence of something the body sees as foreign, antibodies are produced against the ... What is Hepatitis C?. Hepatitis C is a virus, formerly known as non-A, non-B hepatitis and is non-symptomatic in most people ...

https://www.brighthub.com/science/medical/articles/75483/

No co-infection with HCV and hepatitis B virus was found.. The prevalence of HCV antibodies in blood donors in Dakar in 2001 ... Hepatitis C Antibodies among Blood Donors, Senegal, 2001. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2003;9(11):1492-1493. doi:10.3201/ ... Etard J, Colbachini P, Dromigny J, Perrier-Gros-Claude J. Hepatitis C Antibodies among Blood Donors, Senegal, 2001. Emerg ... Etard, J., Colbachini, P., Dromigny, J., & Perrier-Gros-Claude, J. (2003). Hepatitis C Antibodies among Blood Donors, Senegal, ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/11/03-0191_article

A triple-punch of antibodies both prevented hepatitis C infection and wiped out the disease after it had established itself in ... The researchers also tried the AAV-antibody treatment on mice that already had a hepatitis C infection. We werent sure we ... Mice treated with the antibody genetic code resisted becoming infected with hepatitis C when they were exposed to the virus, ... This work is very important since it shows that a combination of neutralizing antibodies against the hepatitis C virus can ...

https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/genetic-instruction-set-antibodies-knocks-out-hepatitis-c-mice

Antibody titre against 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine among preterm and term babies Authors. * AH Mollah Department of ... Mollah, A., Naher, N., Rahman, S., & Chowdhury, A. (2012). Antibody titre against 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine among preterm ...

https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/MMJ/article/view/12521

The American Society for Clinical Pathology advises against Hepatitis C virus antibody testing in patients with a previous ... Do not repeat Hepatitis C virus antibody testing in patients with a previous positive Hepatitis C virus (HCV) test. Instead, ... Viral Hepatitis - Hepatitis C Information. Hepatitis C FAQs for health professionals. Accessed on July 22, 2016 at http://www. ... A positive HCV antibody test remains positive for life (3). Repeat HCV antibody testing, adds cost but no clinical benefit, so ...

https://www.choosingwisely.org/clinician-lists/ascp-hepatitis-c-virus-antibody-testing/

Using the power law model to predict the long-term persistence and duration of detectable hepatitis A antibody after receipt of ...

https://www.merck.com/publication/using-the-power-law-model-to-predict-the-long-term-persistence-and-duration-of-detectable-hepatitis-a-antibody-after-receipt-of-hepatitis-a-vaccine-vaqta/

|p|肝炎是指肝脏的炎症状态。它通常由五种不相关的嗜肝病毒中的一种引起:甲型肝炎(

https://www.meridianbioscience.com/cn/lifescience/products/antibodies-antigens/viral-hepatitis/?country=US/

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus specific antibodies among Iraqi children with thalassaemia ... So the aims of this study were to identify the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus specific antibodies among children with ... ABSTRACT The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific antibodies and HCV genotypes distribution were studied among ... Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in children with cancer at diagnosis ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-1-2/seroprevalence-of-hepatitis-c-virus-specific-antibodies-among-iraqi-children-with-thalassaemia.html

Order your Hep B Core Antibody test online today and take it at a private testing center near you! Buy yours today! ... Are you in need of a Hepatitis B blood lab test? ...

https://www.privatemdlabs.com/lp/hepatitis-b-testing.php

... Author(s): ... Thyrotropin receptor antibody activity was detectable within the normal range (less than 10 U/l) in 6 patients prior to ... Group II: Patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis (N = 16) were randomized to receive interferon in a dose of either 0.25 x 10(6) ... In Group I, thyrotropin receptor antibodies became detectable in 6 patients on treatment, in 4 of whom it was 10 U/l. In Group ...

http://www.druglib.com/abstract/fo/fonseca-v_acta-endocrinol-copenh_19911100.html

Validated in WB, IHC-P. Tested in Hepatitis C virus. Cited in 1 reference(s). ... Rabbit Polyclonal Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein antibody. ... Hepatitis C Virus Serine protease NS3 , Hepatitis C Virus NS3 ... There are currently no reviews for Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein antibody (GTX131269). Be the first to share your experience ... Hepatitis C virus Immunogen Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of Hepatitis C virus NS3 ...

https://www.genetex.com/Product/Detail/Hepatitis-C-Virus-NS3-protein-antibody/GTX131269

Screening cadaveric or hemolyzed serum specimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in asymptomatic individuals with or ... Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Confirmation, Serum) for HCV antibodies or a nucleic acid test for HCV RNA. Although nucleic acid ... antibody confirmatory test by line immunoassay (HCVL / Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Confirmation, Serum) at an additional charge ... Infants born to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected mothers may have false-reactive HCV antibody screening test results and false- ...

https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/overview/87858

Youre reviewing:Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) Antibody. Your Rating. 1 star 2 stars 3 stars 4 stars 5 stars ...

https://www.medixbiochemica.com/hepatitis-b-core-hm415.html

For specific HEV antibody detection in swine, we developed ELISA and Western blotting methods, using a truncated capsid (ORF2) ... The ORF2-based ELISA revealed anti-HEV antibodies in 104 out of 111 pigs compared with 102 detected with a commercial ELISA kit ... In this study 111 sera collected from healthy pigs in two Italian regions were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. ... the swine genotype 3 HEV antigen produced in this study was proven suitable to detect anti-HEV antibodies in pig sera by both ...

https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-6148-10-133

Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B-cell ... N2 - Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B- ... AB - Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B- ... abstract = "Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/identification-of-immunodominant-and-conformational-epitopes-in-t

T1 - Monoclonal antibodies with broad specificity for hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 variants can recognize viral ... title = "Monoclonal antibodies with broad specificity for hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 variants can recognize viral ... Monoclonal antibodies with broad specificity for hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 variants can recognize viral ... Monoclonal antibodies with broad specificity for hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 variants can recognize viral ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/monoclonal-antibodies-with-broad-specificity-for-hepatitis-c-viru-4

Europe diagnostic specialty antibodies market accounted for $5,432.3 million in 2020 and will grow by 4.5% annually over 2020- ... Hepatitis, Infectious, Dengue), End User (Hospitals, Diagnostic Labs), and Country: Trend Outlook and Growth Opportunity. ... Monoclonal Antibodies for Oncology: Global Markets Published: June, 2022 - Pages: 124. Year-End Deals ... Competitor Analysis: Bispecific Antibodies for Immuno-Oncology & Other Diseases Published: June, 2019 - Pages: 121. Year-End ...

https://www.asdreports.com/market-research-related-585135/europe-diagnostic-specialty-antibodies-market-type-monoclonal-polyclonal-others-application

Antibody-selected mimics of hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 activate both primary and memory Th lymphocytes. ... Antibody-selected mimics of hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 activate both primary and memory Th lymphocytes. Journal ... The first interesting observation is that mimotopes selected for their reactivity to HVR1-specific antibodies of infected ... of the putative envelope 2 protein that presents B and T epitopes shown to induce protective immunity against hepatitis C virus ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub794509

Antibodies Dispatch Hepatitis E Hepatitis E Virus HEV IgG Israel Prevalence Prevalence Of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies, Israel ... Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, France Cite CITE. Title : Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, France ... Title : Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies, Israel, 2009-2010 Personal Author(s) : Mor, Orna;Bassal, Ravit;Michaeli, ... Analysis of IgG Anti-HEV Antibody Protective Levels During Hepatitis E Virus Reinfection in Experimentally Infected Rhesus ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/29305

Tag: antibodies hepatitis c. Blog / blood / coli recombinant / colorimetric / colorless / Containing / Controls / Cultrex / GMO ... antibodies definition genome-wide complex trait analysis genome biology genome browser genome coverage genome definition genome ... antibodies definition genome-wide complex trait analysis genome biology genome browser genome coverage genome definition genome ... Hamster / HEPES / histo / Horse / Post / rnai / tlr4 antibody / vwf elisa High-throughput low-cost nl-qPCR for enteropathogen ...

https://www.pcr-blog.com/tag/antibodies-hepatitis-c/

... including measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), and antibody to hepatitis B ... Hepatitis C virus antibody. Testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody should be performed upon entry into care and annually ... Hepatitis A virus antibody. Screening for evidence of immunity to hepatitis A virus (HAV) should be obtained with HAV ... When is a hepatitis A virus antibody test indicated in the management of HIV infection in primary care? ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2061054-163262/which-pulmonary-infections-are-associated-with-hiv-infection

Burkholderia Hep_Hag autotransporter (BuHA) proteins elicit a strong antibody response during experimental glanders but not ... Burkholderia Hep_Hag autotransporter (BuHA) proteins elicit a strong antibody response during experimental glanders but not ... Decentralised hepatitis C testing and treatment in rural Cambodia: evaluation of a simplified service model integrated in an ... Tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B in migrant women in a resource-limited setting on the ...

https://www.tropmedres.ac/publications/3544?d3d94926-6d9a-11ed-855f-061b866677b4

Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood donors. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. 1992 Jan; 11(1): 44. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/65227

Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Blood Donors, France Jean-Michel Mansuy, Richard Bendall, Florence Legrand-Abravanel, Karine ... Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Blood Donors, France. ... Distribution of optical density/cut off ratios for hepatitis E ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/12/11-0371-f2

Anti-centromere antibodies: Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome), primary biliary cirrhosis, proximal ... Antinuclear antibodies and the conditions with which they are associated include the following: ... scleroderma Anti-dsDNA: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Anti-gp210: Primary biliary cirrhosis Anti-histone antibodies: SLE a ... Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D. Serology in autoimmune hepatitis: A clinical-practice approach. Eur J ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172244-overview

Be the first to review "Hepatitis C Antibody " Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are ... A blood test called an HCV antibody test, is used to find out if someone has ever been infected with the hepatitis C virus. ...

https://vitalysis.com/product/hepatitis-c-antibody/

... a hepatitis B core antibody test, which determines whether a person has ever been infected; and a hepatitis B surface antibody ... The hepatitis B core antibody screening test detects the presence of antibodies to the HBV core antigen. The antibody appears ... A positive hepatitis B surface antibody screening test means the person has lifetime immunity from hepatitis B (the Centers for ... The bodys immune response produces antibodies tailored to each type of antigen (surface antibody, core antibody, and e ...

https://www.workcompms.net/product-page/hepatitis-b-antibody

Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been responsible for large water-borne epidemics of acute disease in developing countries and for acute sporadic disease in industrialized developed countries. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Testing for the presence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is recommended for initially identifying persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (CDC. (cdc.gov)
Recommendations for prevention and control of hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection and HCV-related chronic disease. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis C virus [‎HCV]‎ infection is widespread in Egypt. (who.int)
We assessed the prevalence of hepatitis C virus [‎HCV]‎ infection and associated risk factors for all 298 haemodialysis patients in 7 dialysis units in Guilan province. (who.int)
Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) level are routinely assessed, as well as HIV and human T-lymphotropic virus type l infection. (cdc.gov)
No co-infection with HCV and hepatitis B virus was found. (cdc.gov)
While that study did not identify HCV infection in 73 controls, 2 of 73 case-patients (2.7%) had HCV antibodies ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
A triple-punch of antibodies both prevented hepatitis C infection and wiped out the disease after it had established itself in laboratory mice, according to a study led by Princeton University researchers. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The researchers also gave the antibodies to mice that already were infected and found that, in many cases, the infection disappeared to levels below detection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The researchers also tried the AAV-antibody treatment on mice that already had a hepatitis C infection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This work is very important since it shows that a combination of neutralizing antibodies against the hepatitis C virus can restrict viral spread in the liver thereby ameliorating, and possibly curing, chronic infection,' says Houghton, who was not involved in the current study but is familiar with it. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Instead, order Hepatitis C viral load testing for assessment of active versus resolved infection. (choosingwisely.org)
Patients who have had a remote and resolved HCV infection who are suspected to have been reinfected, should be tested using the HCV viral load test, rather than the HCV antibody test, since this latter test remains positive for life. (choosingwisely.org)
Un-infected (-) and infected (+, HCV infection for ) Huh7 whole cell extracts (20 μg) were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, and the membrane was blotted with Serine protease NS3 (HCV virus) antibody (GTX131269) diluted by 1:1000. (genetex.com)
2 (6) : 398-403 Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma-an immunohistochemical study. (genetex.com)
Before the introduction of screening of blood donors for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the risk of acquiring HCV infection as a result of transfusion was about 10% [1]. (who.int)
HCV infection is the leading cause of post-transfusion hepatitis worldwide [3]. (who.int)
It also confirms the presence of infection in patients with inconclusive antibody reactivity. (who.int)
Indicated for testing asymptomatic individuals (screening purposes) with or without risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. (mayocliniclabs.com)
For testing hemolyzed specimens from symptomatic patients with or without risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, order HCCDD / Hepatitis C Virus Antibody, Cadaveric or Hemolyzed Specimens, Symptomatic, Serum. (mayocliniclabs.com)
Patients with severe mental health conditions are at greatest risk of acquiring any viral infection such as hepatitis B, C and HIV. (una.py)
Serological evidence of Hepatitis B virus infection was not found in the 72 patients. (una.py)
This assay can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of individuals with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and in the determination of the clinical status of HBV infected individuals in conjunction with other HBV serological markers associated with HBV infection. (yourlifelabs.com)
Hepatitis A virus infection is widespread in Iraq, therefore, assessing. (who.int)
An immunochromatographic test for rapid detection of IgM antibodies in patients with acute hepatitis E infection was developed utilizing the well-characterized recombinant protein EP2.1 and monoclonal antibody 4B2. (edu.au)
This is the first rapid, point-of-care test for hepatitis E and will be especially useful for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus infection in field and emergency settings and in resource-poor countries. (edu.au)
A Hepatitis B Envelope Antibody Rapid Test is performed to know that a person is immune to the Hepatitis B virus infection or not. (diagnosticcentres.in)
The presence of the antibody signifies the immunity of that person against the Hepatitis B virus infection. (diagnosticcentres.in)
A positive test result indicates that the person is actively infected with the Hepatitis B virus infection. (diagnosticcentres.in)
Please note that guidelines for the current diagnostic workup and management of hepatitis C (HCV) infection continue to evolve rapidly. (medscape.com)
Positive HCV-antibody test with negative HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Inform patients they do not have evidence of current (active) HCV infection. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis C is a condition in which infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes inflammation and potential damage to the liver. (orangehealth.in)
Hepatitis C tests are a group of blood tests that are analysed to detect and diagnose HCV infections and to guide and monitor the treatment of the infection. (orangehealth.in)
The Hepatitis C Antibody test measures:To detect and diagnose hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (orangehealth.in)
This test analyses the antibodies produced against HCV.Hepatitis C Antibody tests are used to screen individuals with the risk factors, people who have the symptoms associated with hepatitis, or those who have been exposed to the virus.In the case of a reactive or positive antibody test, an additional test can be conducted to check if you currently have a hepatitis C infection. (orangehealth.in)
This protection can be the result of receiving the hepatitis B vaccine or successfully recovering from a past hepatitis B infection. (hematologyanalyzerreagent.com)
Hepatitis B is vaccine-preventable infection with significant degradation of health for people who develop chronic hepatitis. (bloodtestslondon.com)
Hepatitis B virus surface protein can be found in high concentrations in serum after acute or chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
As part of the natural immunological response to infection, the body develops antibodies to HBsAg. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
This means that the best diagnostic tests for acute hepatitis B infection would be to look for both HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
A chronic hepatitis B infection lasts over six months. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
The Hepatitis B Core Antibody Differentiation Blood Test, IgG and IgM assesses Hepatitis B virus infection. (walkinlab.com)
Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver. (walkinlab.com)
Acute hepatitis B virus infection is a short-term illness that occurs within the first 6 months after someone is exposed to HBV. (va.gov)
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a long-term illness that occurs when the virus remains in a person's body. (va.gov)
Possible cases of hepatitis C virus infection reported among. (cdc.gov)
This report presents preliminary findings of an evaluation of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from these products and guidelines for monitoring patients who may have received them. (cdc.gov)
Of 62 persons tested at CDC for serologic markers of viral hepatitis, 42 (68%) were positive for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV), and none were positive for serologic markers of acute hepatitis A or hepatitis B virus infection. (cdc.gov)
In a genetically susceptible individual, certain environmental stimuli, such as a viral infection or contact with certain drugs, induce alterations in DNA, immunoregulatory networks, or both, with resultant formation of autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibody (ANA). (medscape.com)
Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause significant morbidity to individuals due to inflammatory damage to the liver. (health.mil)
Force screening for HCV is not currently performed during U.S. Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT) although screening is completed for other viral infections (including HIV, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B). As a result, the true prevalence of chronic HCV infection cannot be ascertained in the basic trainee population. (health.mil)
A positive test for HCV antibody in addition to either a positive HCV RNA or EIA test indicates active infection. (health.mil)
Alternatively, a positive HCV antibody test in an individual with negative RNA and EIA tests typically denotes a cleared infection. (health.mil)
This at home lab test lets you check for hepatitis C infection from the privacy of your own home. (dnafamilycheck.com)
Convenient at-home test to check for a hepatitis B infection. (dnafamilycheck.com)
Cholemic nephrosis from acute hepatitis E Virus infection: A forgotten entity? (indianjnephrol.org)
Nayak S, Sharma M, Kataria A, Tiwari S C, Rastogi A, Mukund A. Cholemic nephrosis from acute hepatitis E Virus infection: A forgotten entity? (indianjnephrol.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, a common cause of acute infectious hepatitis with acute cholestasis, has been associated with renal manifestations such as acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and glomerulonephritis, but the current literature is scant on acute HEV infection causing cholemic nephrosis with AKI. (indianjnephrol.org)
The effect of treatment of pre-transplant chronic hepatitis C virus infection on graft and survival in renal transplant recipients. (livhospital.com)
An NCHS report provides 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) estimates on prevalence of antibody to HAV (from infection or immunization), past or current HBV infection, and current HCV infection, by race and Hispanic origin. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence of antibody to HAV from infection or vaccination was higher among non-Hispanic Asian adults than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black adults. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence of antibody to HAV from infection or vaccination was greater among non-Hispanic Asian adults born outside the United States than those who were U.S.-born. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by a virus. (jonesboro.com)
Other problems to be considered in patients with possible hepatitis C virus infection include alcoholic liver disease, drug toxicities, and opportunistic infections associated with HIV infection. (medscape.com)
HCV/HIV co-infection, HCV viral load and mode of delivery: risk factors for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus? (medscape.com)
Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in adolescents 12-17 years old with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 infection. (medscape.com)
The safety and effectiveness of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir in adolescents 12-17 years old with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. (medscape.com)
However, a reactive antibody test does not always mean that a person has hepatitis C. According to WebMD , 1 in 5 people with positive antibody test results don't actually have hepatitis C. One reason for this false-positive test result is that a person who has been exposed to the hepatitis C virus will have the circulating antibodies for a long time, even after the initial infection has been cleared. (imghealthclinic.com)
It takes time for antibodies to develop in a person's blood, and the anti-HCV antibody test only returns accurate results when employed at least after 12 weeks of initial infection. (imghealthclinic.com)
States and territories may choose to track resolved hepatitis C cases in which spontaneous clearance of infection or sustained viral response to treatment are suspected to have occurred before national notification or are known to have occurred after national notification as a confirmed or probable case to CDC. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis A is usually a short-term infection. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can also begin as short-term infections, but in some people, the virus remains in the body and causes chronic (long-term) infection. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis C is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis C is often described as "acute," meaning a new infection, or "chronic," meaning long-term infection. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis C can be a short-term illness, but for most people, acute infection leads to chronic infection. (cdc.gov)
Chronic hepatitis C can be a lifelong infection if left untreated. (cdc.gov)
More than half of people who become infected with hepatitis C virus will develop a chronic infection. (cdc.gov)
Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
The group with positive findings for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigens alone did not have traditional risk factors for HBV infection, suggesting that this serologic finding may not be a reliable indicator of past HBV infection. (wustl.edu)
CDC guidelines recommend testing for HIV infection with a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antigen/antibody immunoassay that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing after a reactive assay result to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies shows nonreactive or indeterminant results (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a false-positive test result. (medscape.com)
Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation was seen in patients with RA treated with DMARDs, including BARI, who had serology suggestive of prior infection, reactivation was transient even with continued BARI treatment and did not account for any clinically relevant AEs.Reactivation of HBV replication is a recognised complication in patients receiving biologic agents for RA, such as DMARDs. (cytokinesignalling.com)
The aim of this study was to assess HBV reactivation in clinical trials of BARI.In pooled analysis of four Phase 3 and one LTE study, with all patients receiving at least one dose of BARI, a total of 269 of 2890 patients had baseline serology suggestive of prior hepatitis B infection. (cytokinesignalling.com)
There was no clinical evidence of hepatitis and all had AST and ALT levels within normal limits, suggesting that patients with prior HBV infection without clinical indications of active infection can be treated with DMARDs, including BARI, while monitoring for potential reactivation.Additional data will be needed to fully characterize the potential risk for reactivation of HBV in the context of JAK inhibitors administered in an RA population. (cytokinesignalling.com)
The first stage after exposure to the hepatitis C virus is acute infection. (gastroinflorida.com)
In pregnant women, hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) has a higher case fatality rate. (who.int)
The antibody can appear after the infection is resolved, or even while you are still infected. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
Do antibodies work to prevent a new coronavirus infection? (mainstreetdailynews.com)
If the antibodies bind the region of the spike protein that binds to the ACE2 receptor - the gateway to infecting human cells - then the antibody will prevent infection. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
But not every antibody is equally capable of preventing the virus from causing an infection. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
Antibodies against RBD block the very first step of viral infection, which is when the coronavirus attaches the human cell membrane. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
These antibodies that are not against the RBD will recognize the virus but will not block it from infecting human cells and triggering viral infection. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
We will have a better understanding of the ability of antibodies against the RBD to protect from infection this summer when large phase III vaccine studies start. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are special proteins that are created by WBCs to kill or neutralize infection-causing microbes. (kaberaglobal.com)
We have molecular and antigen tests that help detect an active infection of COVID-19, as well as serology tests that help detect antibodies. (abbott.com)
An antibody is a protein that the body produces in the late stages of infection. (abbott.com)

Attempts to develop a hepatitis C vaccine have been hampered by the virus's ability to mutate into numerous subtypes. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This test can be used to evaluate the need for hepatitis B immune globulin after needlestick injury, to evaluate the need for hepatitis B vaccine and to follow immune status after hepatitis B vaccination. (garcialab.com)
Hepatitis B vaccine is made with the antigen HBsAg. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
A protective vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains an unmet clinical need. (nih.gov)
Since the introduction of the vaccine in Ethiopia in 2007, few studies have been conducted to assess the antibody response against the HBV vaccine . (bvsalud.org)
The HBV vaccine coverage in children was high but antibody response against the vaccine appears low. (bvsalud.org)
Review the indications for hepatitis A vaccination and use of hepatitis A vaccine in contacts as post-exposure prophylaxis. (cdc.gov)
Her presentation will focus on the role of hepatitis A vaccination in controlling outbreaks and will discuss recent changes to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for hepatitis A vaccine. (cdc.gov)
A large proportion of respondents (80.0%) were not immunized, only (40.0%) had hepatitis B virus vaccine. (researchwap.org)
Is there a vaccine that can prevent hepatitis C? (cdc.gov)
however, there is no vaccine for hepatitis C. (cdc.gov)
Since 2000, there have been at least 728 deaths reported to VAERS associated with the hepatitis B vaccine. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
With no other data, it is clear that unless the mother was infected with hepatitis B at the time of delivery, children face a greater risk from the hepatitis B vaccine than they do from contracting and dying from hepatitis B itself. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
The problem with this calculation, however, is that we simply do not know the true number of deaths attributable to the hepatitis B vaccine due to our faulty reporting system. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
It should be noted that hepatitis B vaccine includes high levels of aluminum adjuvants . (raisinghealthychildren.net)
Method: phase I, cross-sectional and descriptive study, among community health workers in a capital city of the Midwest region, through a self-administered questionnaire, checking of vaccination cards, and blood collection for testing of serological markers for hepatitis B. Phase II, cohort study carried out in vaccinated non-immune workers identified in phase I. They received one dose of vaccine (challenge dose) and serological testing. (bvsalud.org)
hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) decreases effects of BCG vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) decreases effects of measles (rubeola) vaccine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
These employees must be offered the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccine series by the employer. (health-street.net)
Description: CD anti-HBs ELISA (Quantitative) kit is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for in vitro quantitative determination of antibodies to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) in human serum or plasma for clinical purposes and assessing antibody response levels to HBsAg-vaccine. (gentaurtop.com)
9) Is there a vaccine for Hepatitis C? (gastroinflorida.com)
No vaccine for hepatitis C has been developed. (gastroinflorida.com)
This affects vaccine development and herd immunity and is something for each of us to consider as antibody tests are now available. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
This is very encouraging for vaccine development , as making an effective vaccine should be much easier than for HIV or hepatitis C virus, for example, where the immune system often (for hepatitis C) or almost always (for HIV) fails. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
As such, oral administration of plant tissues for production of antibodies in the system is, in effect, a vaccination-the application of vaccine being oral. (biologydiscussion.com)

The prevalence of HCV antibodies in blood donors in Dakar in 2001 appears to be one of the lowest in West Africa, close to published estimates for Mauritania and Benin (1.1% and 1.4%, respectively) and lower than in other West African countries such as Ghana or Guinea, where prevalence ranges from 2.8% to 6.7% ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
The prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B surface antigen increased significantly. (who.int)
Incidence and prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in FDNY first responders before and after work at the World Trade Center disaster site. (cdc.gov)
Risk factors and prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A vírus (HAV) in children from day-care centers, in Goiânia, Brasil. (bvsalud.org)
After accounting for the effects of age, sex, and ethnicity, it was found that no occupational group had a significantly increased prevalence of HBV antibodies compared with prevalence in other personnel. (wustl.edu)
In comparison with volunteer blood donors, only physicians older than 40 years of age had an increased HBV antibody prevalence. (wustl.edu)
The number of new hepatitis B infections per 100 000 population in a given year is estimated from the prevalence of total antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (Total anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive among children 5 years of age, adjusted for sampling design. (who.int)
The report sets out global statistics on viral hepatitis B and C, the rates of new infections, the prevalence of chronic infections and mortality caused by these two high-burden viruses, and coverage of key interventions, all current as at the end of 2016 and 2017. (who.int)

Early detection is essential in treating hepatits C. With possible exposure consulting a physician can result in rapid response and prevention of chronic hepatitis. (brighthub.com)
The symptoms of chronic hepatitis may be persistent fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite, as well as some of the other symptoms listed above. (walkinlab.com)
Should all patients with chronic hepatitis B be on treatment? (va.gov)
Chronic hepatitis B may change over time. (va.gov)
1 and 2 in treating 358 cases of chronic hepatitis]. (bvsalud.org)
Abdoul H, Mallet V, Pol S, Fontanet A. Serum alpha-fetoprotein predicts treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C patients regardless of HCV genotype. (medscape.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma in long-term sustained virological responders following antiviral combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat . (medscape.com)
Peginterferon for chronic hepatitis C in children affects growth and body composition: Results from the pediatric study of hepatitis C (PEDS-C) Trial. (medscape.com)
Chronic hepatitis C can cause serious health problems, including liver damage, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, and even death. (cdc.gov)
How serious is chronic hepatitis C? (cdc.gov)
Chronic hepatitis C can be a serious disease resulting in long-term health problems, including liver damage, liver failure, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and even death. (cdc.gov)
How common is chronic hepatitis C in the United States? (cdc.gov)
In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
Currently, the treatment of choice for chronic hepatitis C is a combination of the drugs interferon and ribavirin. (gastroinflorida.com)
Although there are five distinct types of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, and E), chronic hepatitis B and C cause 95% of hepatitis-related sickness and untimely deaths. (who.int)

The hepatitis B core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) Test cost varies by region and facility. (ganeshdiagnostic.com)

DS-EIA-ANTI-HEV-G is an enzyme immunoassay kit intended for the detection of IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus in human serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)
Serum specimens were processed, stored, and shipped to the Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The blood is then allowed to clot and a sample of serum is then tested with ELISA that is specific for hepatitis C. If the ELISA test for hepatitis C is positive the usual confirmatory test ordered by physicians is RIBA (recombinant immunoblot assay). (brighthub.com)
We measured thyrotropin receptor antibodies in serum obtained from 2 groups of patients participating in clinical trials of recombinant interferon-alpha 2b for viral hepatitis. (druglib.com)
HCV-specific antibodies were detected in 376 (67.3%) serum samples using third-generation enzyme immunoassay and confirmatory immunoblot assays. (who.int)
The same is thought to occur in animals, and determination of HEV-specific serum antibodies can help assess the extent of past exposure to HEV in both individual herds and/or the overall animal population in a country [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MAbs specific for the conformational ORF2.1 epitope and a linear epitope within aa 434 to 457 blocked convalescent patient antibody reactivity against VLPs by approximately 60 and 35%, respectively, while MAbs against epitopes within aa 394 to 414 and 414 to 434 were unable to block patient serum reactivity. (monash.edu)
HBsAb Rapid Test is a chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of hepatitis B Surface Antibody(HBsAb) in human serum/plasma. (hematologyanalyzerreagent.com)
This ELISA kit can be used to detect Canine Hep IgG Antibody in serum. (antibodymall.com)
In blinded testing of serum specimens from 36 persons with suspected cases, none were positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or HIV-2. (cdc.gov)
Module B contained human serum samples for the detection of anti-DENV antibodies. (who.int)
EHR ANA Test Canine Anaplasmosis Ehrlichiosis Combo Rapid Test is a indirect lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for the qualitative detection of Ehrlichia Canis antibody (Ehrli Ab) in dog's serum or plasma. (hwtai.com)

Presence of Hepatitis D antibody and HBsAg indicate a coinfection. (biodiagnostic.co.in)
B) Aliquots of each fraction were separated by 12.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotted, and probed with anti-HBsAg antibodies for fractions coming from cells infected with MVvac2DIII-S,S)P (upper panel) or MVvac2(HBsAg)N (medium panel). (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

Abnormal blood tests such as an increased bilirubin level, elevated ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) or AST (Aspartate transaminase) are indicators of abnormal liver function and would be followed with viral hepatitis testing. (brighthub.com)
Hepatitis C affects roughly 170 million people worldwide and causes chronic liver damage and cancer. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
You may need this test if you have signs of certain liver diseases, such as hepatitis and cirrhosis . (medlineplus.gov)
Anti-soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas (anti-SLA/LP) antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
The diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis may require a liver biopsy. (medlineplus.gov)
Rabbit anti hepatitis B surface antigen antibody ( OBT0990 ) used for the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen in infected mouse liver by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
Clinicians are advised to refer frequently to HCV Guidance: Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C , the most recent recommendations of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (ISDA). (medscape.com)
This hepatitis C virus commonly infects the liver and, with time, becomes chronic, and that may cause liver damage and liver failure. (orangehealth.in)
The hepatitis B virus infects the liver (HBV). (ganeshdiagnostic.com)
A hepatitis virus is one that lives in liver cells and causes inflammation. (va.gov)
Hepatitis B medications are recommended for patients with detected HBV virus (also known as hepatitis B viral load) on a blood test and evidence of liver damage. (va.gov)
Alain Labrique] "Hepatitis" just means an inflammation, or swelling, of the liver so we group these different viruses together as "hepatitis viruses" because they all cause liver disease, and then keep assigning them letters of the alphabet when we discover a new one. (cdc.gov)
Now, hepatitis B and C, on the other hand, they also cause some short-term illness, but they can both cause chronic infections that remain in your liver for years. (cdc.gov)
And over time, those chronic hep B and hep C infections can increase your chance of getting liver cancer or needing a liver transplant. (cdc.gov)
so many people have hepatitis C infections and don't even know it, but there are treatments out there that can really reduce the risk of liver cancer. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis results in inflammation and damage to the liver. (dnafamilycheck.com)
Detection of liver cell membrane antibodies in patients with viral hepatitis]. (bvsalud.org)
Fortunately hepatitis A does not cause long term liver damage nor become chronic. (jonesboro.com)
Rarely, hepatitis A can cause sudden liver failure and turn into a severe illness that lasts several months but this usually occurs in those over 50 or who have another liver disease. (jonesboro.com)
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis A , hepatitis B , and hepatitis C are liver infections caused by three different viruses. (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver, liver disease. (gastroinflorida.com)
Hepatitis C progression can lead to scarring of the liver tissue (cirrhosis) and liver cancer. (gastroinflorida.com)
A liver biopsy is the ultimate diagnostic procedure in hepatitis C: Liver tissue is examined to determine the degree of liver inflammation and the presence (or absence) of cirrhosis. (gastroinflorida.com)
Rat liver sections and the human epithelial cell line HEp-2 were compared as substrates for the detection of canine ANA using the indirect immunofluorescence (HF) technique. (slu.se)
The HEp-2 cell substrate was found to be superior to rat liver cryostate sections as ANA substrate for canine sera because of their low reactivity with normal sera and the ease of discernment of ANA fluorescence patterns in positive samples. (slu.se)

Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
We weren't sure we would see any results because the antibody can only neutralize viruses that are outside of cells, whereas viral replication is taking place inside the cell, but we decided to try it,' Ploss says. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
however, such transfusions increase their exposure only to not HCV but also to other blood-borne viruses (hepatitis B, hepatitis G, human immunodeficiency virus, transfusion transmitted virus) [2]. (who.int)
Different hepatitis viruses have been given different names, such as A, B, and C. (va.gov)
HCV is one of the three viruses that causes hepatitis. (dnafamilycheck.com)
Health care workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of needle stick injuries and blood borne pathogens, such as HIV, and Hepatitis B and C viruses, as they perform their clinical activities in the hospital3. (researchwap.org)
Hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), and C (HCV) viruses are common types of viral hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
In the United States, the most common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. (cdc.gov)
Titers detect the presence of antibodies, which measure your body's ability to fight off certain pathogens -- most commonly viruses such as Measles, Mumps, and Rubella. (arcpointlabs.com)
Hepatitis D is less common and occurs only in association with hepatitis B. The other viruses (namely hepatitis A and E) are spread via contaminated food and water and cause acute infections and outbreaks in areas of poor sanitation and inadequate waste disposal. (who.int)

Serine protease NS3(HCV virus) antibody detects Serine protease NS3 protein by western blot analysis. (genetex.com)
Anti-smooth muscle antibody is a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies against smooth muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
The hepatitis B surface antibody test (HBsAb) detects proteins called antibodies that are produced by the immune system in response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). (hematologyanalyzerreagent.com)
Sometimes, the testing kit mistakenly detects antibodies for other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, as antibodies against the hepatitis C virus. (imghealthclinic.com)
There are several tests available for the diagnosis of hepatitis C. The anti-HCV test detects antibodies to HCV. (gastroinflorida.com)

The objective of this study was to know the frequency of the surface antigen of hepatitis B and determine the post-vaccination antibodies against hepatitis in women of reproductive age, hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare of Asunción, Paraguay. (una.py)
The aim of this study is to determine antibody response against HBV after hepatitis B vaccination and assess the seroprevalence of HBV in children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia . (bvsalud.org)
Hepatitis A/B antigen and antibody report issued in last 3 months must be presented prior to Hepatitis A/HepatitisB/Hepatitis A&B vaccination. (esdlife.com)
According to the CDC , only 90-95% of people develop antibodies to hepatitis B post-vaccination (full series) and have positive antibody titers for 30+ years. (raisinghealthychildren.net)
However, there are vaccination laws for healthcare workers regarding hepatitis B and COVID-19. (health-street.net)
Connecticut antibody test regulations do not mandate that employers require their workers to submit proof of immunity or vaccination for influenza, MMR, varicella, or pneumococcal pneumonia. (health-street.net)

The former was utilized for detection of anti-HCV antibodies while the latter was used for HCV-RNA detection and subsequent genotyping/subtyping. (who.int)
For specific HEV antibody detection in swine, we developed ELISA and Western blotting methods, using a truncated capsid (ORF2) protein lacking the first 111 amino acids of a swine HEV genotype 3 strain. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we implemented a reliable ELISA test for detection of anti-HEV antibodies in swine sera, using a genotype 3 swine HEV capsid protein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus in insect cells as coating antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of a new immunochromatographic test to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to hepatitis e virus in human sera. (edu.au)
Our lab serology blood tests running on ARCHITECT and Alinity i systems are used for the detection of antibodies, IgG and IgM, and to identify if a person was previously infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. (abbott.com)

A blood test called an HCV antibody test, is used to find out if someone has ever been infected with the hepatitis C virus. (vitalysis.com)
Should a person infected with the hepatitis C virus be restricted from working in certain jobs or settings? (cdc.gov)
However, less than half of people who are infected with the hepatitis C virus clear it from their bodies without treatment. (cdc.gov)

Exposure to hepatitis C is through contact with infectious blood. (brighthub.com)
Hepatitis C is transmitted through exposure to blood, most often through dirty needle stick or receiving a tattoo with suspected needle contamination. (brighthub.com)
The physician would order a hepatitis C test if symptoms and history indicate possible exposure to the virus. (brighthub.com)
Laboratory testing for an antibody can indicate exposure to an antigen, in this case the Hepatitis C virus. (brighthub.com)
This test is useful for quantitative (i.e. titer) evaluation of possible immunity in individuals who are at increased risk for exposure to hepatitis B (i.e. hemodialysis unit personnel, venipuncturists, etc. (garcialab.com)
This at-home test is suitable for individuals who suspect an exposure to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). (dnafamilycheck.com)
Hepatitis C antibodies are generally detectable 8-11 weeks after an exposure to the virus. (dnafamilycheck.com)
Acute hepatitis will set in about 10-14 weeks after exposure to HCV. (gastroinflorida.com)
Jaundice and tenderness in the abdominal area are stronger indications of possible exposure to the hepatitis C virus. (gastroinflorida.com)

So the aims of this study were to identify the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus specific antibodies among children with thalassaemia in receipt of blood transfusions in a teaching hospital in Baghdad and to investigate the HCV genotype distribution among these patients. (who.int)
Through comparisons with a commercial ELISA test, the swine genotype 3 HEV antigen produced in this study was proven suitable to detect anti-HEV antibodies in pig sera by both ELISA and Western Blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
Background By using the hepatitis C pathogen (HCV) genotype 2a JFH-1 or its chimeric pressures, a HCV disease program has been previously developed through many methodsC such as in vitro-transcribed JFH1-RNA transfection or steady transfection of the JFH1 cDNA into human being hepatoma Huh-7 cell range or its derivatives. (thetechnoant.info)
In 2005, analysts found out a genotype 2a separate JFH1 from a Western individual with fulminant hepatitis that could show full the pathogen existence routine after transfection of transcribed full-length JFH1 RNA into Huh-7 or Huh-7.5 cells. (thetechnoant.info)

For anti-HCV antibody determination, we used a third-generation enzyme immunoassay kit (EIA-3) (UBI HCV EIA, United Biomedical, USA) at the baseline evaluation. (who.int)
If a trainee's blood tests positive for HCV antibody but negative for HCV RNA, a third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is used for confirmation. (health.mil)

The first interesting observation is that mimotopes selected for their reactivity to HVR1-specific antibodies of infected patients also do express HVR1 T-cell epitopes, suggesting that similar constraints govern HVR1-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. (duke.edu)
Immunoblot reactivity as well as die presence of precipitating canine antibodies, determined by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion (ID), was found to be strictly associated with one of the DF ANA subtypes. (slu.se)

We report an assessment of the proportion of blood donors from the Hôpital Principal de Dakar who had HCV antibodies in 2001. (cdc.gov)
A systematic screening of HCV antibodies in blood donors could prevent, on average, 120 bloodborne HCV infections each year. (cdc.gov)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood donors. (who.int)
Anti-hepatitis C virus-positive blood donors: are women any different? (medscape.com)

Tests to detect antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were first licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1990 ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Our study showed that this test was able to detect anti-HEV IgM antibodies in 96.7% of the patient samples tested (n = 151) while maintaining an excellent specificity of 98.6% with samples from various patient or healthy control groups (total n = 208). (edu.au)
As mentioned before, the tests routinely employed to detect hepatitis C are fairly simple. (imghealthclinic.com)
Abbott also developed separate lab-based serology blood tests to detect IgM and IgG antibodies that identify if a person has been previously exposed to the virus that causes COVID. (abbott.com)

Antibody to the capsid (PORF2) protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is sufficient to confer immunity, but knowledge of B-cell epitopes in the intact capsid is limited. (monash.edu)
The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the putative envelope 2 protein that presents B and T epitopes shown to induce protective immunity against hepatitis C virus (HCV), might be suitable for this purpose if its immunogenicity can be improved by generating mimics that induce broad, highly cross-reactive, anti-HVR1 responses. (duke.edu)
For people who need to provide proof of immunity to an employer in Connecticut, Health Street offers antibody testing that can identify if a person has previously been infected with a specific disease or virus. (health-street.net)
For those who have suffered from COVID-19, do their antibodies guarantee immunity from subsequent disease? (mainstreetdailynews.com)
So only antibodies that block the spike protein from connecting to the ACE2 receptor are guaranteed to provide immunity. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
And only antibody tests that measure the amount of these antibodies can predict immunity. (mainstreetdailynews.com)

Repeat HCV antibody testing, adds cost but no clinical benefit, so it should not be performed. (choosingwisely.org)

ABSTRACT The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) specific antibodies and HCV genotypes distribution were studied among 559 Iraqi children with thalassaemia in receipt of repeated blood transfusions. (who.int)

WHO recently published the "Progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2019", outlining progress towards elimination. (who.int)

Possibilities include immunologic responses to unknown antigens and genetic susceptibility, such as genetic predisposition to the development of defective suppressor T-lymphocyte function, production of autoantibodies (eg, antinuclear antibodies), and activation of the complement pathway. (medscape.com)
5.6% had positive findings for both antibodies, 5.6% had findings for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigens alone, and 1.3% had positive findings for antibody to hepatitis B core antigens alone. (wustl.edu)
Antibodies perform their function by recognizing antigens on the surface of the microbe which identifies it as a foreign object. (kaberaglobal.com)
Along with antibodies, there are also many cells, chemicals, and proteins involved in destroying these antigens. (kaberaglobal.com)

Once inside the cells, the genetic codes were translated by the cell's machinery into hepatitis C antibodies, which were excreted into the bloodstream where they attached to the proteins on the viral surface to inactivate them. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
This hybrid plant can be utilized for large scale production of seeds containing antibody proteins. (biologydiscussion.com)

abstract = "The hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the E2 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly heterogeneous sequence that is promiscuously recognized by human sera via binding to amino acid residues with conserved physicochemical properties. (elsevier.com)
ABSTRACT Hepatitis virus B is transmitted by various routes including blood, vertical and sexual routes. (una.py)

The ORF2-based ELISA revealed anti-HEV antibodies in 104 out of 111 pigs compared with 102 detected with a commercial ELISA kit. (biomedcentral.com)

A positive HCV antibody test remains positive for life (3). (choosingwisely.org)

Dr. Morris is a medical officer at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and she is currently serving as CDC's Incident Manager for the hepatitis A outbreaks occurring in 13 states. (cdc.gov)

This is because these vaccines are designed to make antibodies against the RBD. (mainstreetdailynews.com)
It is engaged in developing differentiated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as well as vaccines and small molecules that focuses is on treating and preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (tdameritrade.com)
Transgenic plants can be used as 'factories' for production of specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals like sugars, fatty acids, wax mate-rials as well as antibodies, edible vaccines. (biologydiscussion.com)

In this study 111 sera collected from healthy pigs in two Italian regions were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)

The antibody is useful in making a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. (medlineplus.gov)
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are not often seen in diseases other than autoimmune hepatitis. (medlineplus.gov)
Autoimmune hepatitis is treated with immunosuppressive medicines. (medlineplus.gov)
People with autoimmune hepatitis often have other autoantibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
The test also helps distinguish autoimmune hepatitis from systemic lupus erythematosus . (medlineplus.gov)
Autoimmune hepatitis. (medlineplus.gov)
Manns MP, Lohse AW, Vergani D. Autoimmune hepatitis -- update 2015. (medlineplus.gov)
Antigen specificity of antineutrophil antibodies in ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing and autoimmune hepatitis. (ox.ac.uk)

Hepatitis B surface antibody - A 'positive' or 'reactive' anti-HBs (or HBsAb) test result indicates that a person is protected against the hepatitis B virus. (hematologyanalyzerreagent.com)
Panel reactive antibodies in predicting outcome of treatment of hepatitis C in renal transplantation candidates. (livhospital.com)
A positive antibody test is also called a reactive anti-HCV antibody test. (imghealthclinic.com)
A non-reactive or negative anti-HCV antibody test means that a person does not have any circulating antibodies against the hepatitis C virus. (imghealthclinic.com)

efgartigimod alfa will decrease the level or effect of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) by receptor binding competition. (medscape.com)

FDA Approves Rapid Test for Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus. (medscape.com)
Depending on the type of disease, some employers may require employees to periodically test for antibodies, and may require employees to receive certain vaccinations before they are permitted to work. (health-street.net)

Thyrotropin receptor antibody activity was detectable within the 'normal range' (less than 10 U/l) in 6 patients prior to treatment. (druglib.com)
In Group I, thyrotropin receptor antibodies became detectable in 6 patients on treatment, in 4 of whom it was 10 U/l. (druglib.com)
In Group II, thyrotropin receptor antibody activity was unchanged on low-dose interferon, but on the higher dose became detectable in 9 patients, in 7 of whom it was greater than 10 U/l. (druglib.com)
When 290 patients underwent HBV DNA testing post-baseline (215 hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)+ and 75 HBcAb- at baseline), 36 (12%) had detectable HBV DNA at some point following treatment. (cytokinesignalling.com)

Rabbit anti hepatitis B surface antigen antibody ( OBT0990 ) used for the evaluation of hepatitis B surface antigen in infected cell cultures by western blotting. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

Thyrotropin receptor antibodies following treatment with recombinant alpha-interferon in patients with hepatitis. (druglib.com)
A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was generated following immunization with recombinant ORF2.1 protein, representing the C-terminal 267 amino acids (aa) of the 660-aa capsid protein. (monash.edu)

The good news is that if you have hepatitis A, you develop antibodies that protect you for life. (jonesboro.com)

Antibody-selected mimics of hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 activate both primary and memory Th lymphocytes. (duke.edu)

Do not repeat Hepatitis C virus antibody testing in patients with a previous positive Hepatitis C virus (HCV) test. (choosingwisely.org)
A common reason for unnecessary repeat testing is the inclusion of this test in order sets (eg, hepatitis and/or opioid screening order sets), or a result of problematic follow-up of HCV positive patients in an outpatient setting. (choosingwisely.org)
Group I: Patients with hepatitis B (N = 8), received interferon 5 x 10(6) units thrice weekly for 4 months. (druglib.com)
Group II: Patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis (N = 16) were randomized to receive interferon in a dose of either 0.25 x 10(6) or 3 x 10(6) U thrice weekly for 6 months and then crossed over to receive the other dosage schedule for a further 6 months. (druglib.com)
We conclude that treatment with interferon is associated with the development of thyrotropin receptor antibodies in a large proportion of patients. (druglib.com)
It is possible that in some patients treated with higher doses of interferon the increase in thyrotropin receptor antibody activity may be sufficient to induce hyperthyroidism. (druglib.com)
With the response found in the study patients of this mental health institution, the complications of hepatitis B would be reduced and the horizontal transmission to other patients and health personnel of the institution would be prevented and specially the hepatitis B transmission to fetus in case of pregnancy. (una.py)
Hepatitis D occurs in patients infected with HBV. (biodiagnostic.co.in)
The pathogenesis of polyarteritis nodosa is not clear, but, in some patients, it may be related to hepatitis B antigen-associated immune complex disease or other immune complexes. (medscape.com)
But he was studying an outbreak of non-A, non-B enteric hepatitis in Afghanistan, and in the absence of a cold chain, and probably also permission from his supervisors, to transport these specimens back to his lab in Moscow, he actually filtered the stool from nine acute patients, mixed it with yoghurt and ingested the slurry. (cdc.gov)
FDA approves two hepatitis C drugs for pediatric patients. (medscape.com)

This recommendation is consistent with testing practices for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for which laboratories routinely conduct more specific reflex testing before reporting a result as positive ( 1 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Hepatitis B surface antigen is produced in tobacco, rabies virus glycoprotein is produced in tomato, cholera toxin P-subunit is being produced in potato and tobacco. (biologydiscussion.com)

The specificity of the antibody was verified by overexpressing full length DUOXA1 in 293T cells and by immunostaining performed on main myoblasts in the absence or presence of the antigenic peptide (Additional file 1 Physique S1A-D). The Balaglitazone antibody was also verified using the immortalized C2C12 myoblast cell collection (Additional file 1 Physique S1E). (researchensemble.com)

Vials are stored under appropriate frozen (-30°C) conditions until they are shipped to Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention for testing. (cdc.gov)
The material in this report originated in the National Center for Infectious Diseases, James M. Hughes, M.D., Director, and the Division of Viral Hepatitis, Harold S. Margolis, M.D., Director. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Nelson is the Lead Medical Officer for Hepatitis Prevention in the Division of Viral Hepatitis- National Center for HIV Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention at CDC. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Foster is the Lead Medical Officer for Hepatitis A epidemiology in the Division of Viral Hepatitis- National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention at CDC. (cdc.gov)

The presence or absence of IgG antibodies to hepatitis E virus is determined by the ratio of the OD of each sample to the calculated cut-off value. (cdc.gov)
In the presence of something the body sees as foreign, antibodies are produced against the foreign substance. (brighthub.com)
This test looks for the presence or absence of antibodies against hepatitis C (anti-HCV) in your blood. (dnafamilycheck.com)
In Connecticut, titer tests are blood tests analyzed in a lab that look for the presence of antibodies for specific diseases in the blood. (health-street.net)
By this means, the device can accurat ely indicate the presence of Ehrlichia Canis antibodies in the sample. (hwtai.com)
The presence of circulating antinuclear antibodies, ANA, is the hallmark of several systemic autoimmune diseases and has become an important diagnostic tool. (slu.se)

A meta-analysis comparing point-of-care screening tests (POCTs) with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) indicated that POCTs are highly accurate for diagnosing hepatitis C. (medscape.com)
Ambiguous hepatitis C tests are bothersome as they can impede the natural course of a diagnostic action. (imghealthclinic.com)
While the HCV RNA test is a much more flexible diagnostic modality, the anti-HCV antibody test works best only when used after the window period. (imghealthclinic.com)
Therefore, multiple diagnostic algorithms recommend a repeat antibody test after six months of the initial antibody test. (imghealthclinic.com)

This test relies on a qualitative measure of antibodies that are produced in response to the hepatitis C virus entering the body. (imghealthclinic.com)

There are currently no reviews for Hepatitis C virus NS3 protein antibody (GTX131269) . (genetex.com)

Testing for anti-HCV should include use of an antibody screening assay, and for screening test-positive results, a more specific supplemental assay. (cdc.gov)
This assay can also be used as an aid in the differential diagnosis in individuals displaying signs of hepatitis in whom etiology is unknown. (yourlifelabs.com)

Antinuclear antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy10

Organisms21

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs75

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes22

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Named Groups2

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Third component, HBeAg/3, of hepatitis B e antigen system, identified by three different double-diffusion techniques. (1/1024)

Native display of complete foreign protein domains on the surface of hepatitis B virus capsids. (2/1024)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice as an investigative tool to study immunopathology during HBV infection. (3/1024)

HBV-specific immune defect in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is correlated with a dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (4/1024)

Properties of monoclonal antibodies directed against hepatitis B virus polymerase protein. (5/1024)

Intracellular retention of hepatitis B virus surface proteins reduces interleukin-2 augmentation after genetic immunizations. (6/1024)

A mathematical model predicting anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBs) decay after vaccination against hepatitis B. (7/1024)

Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. (8/1024)

Hepatitis B Antigens

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis B Antibodies

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Hepatitis B, Chronic

Hepatitis B Vaccines

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Miller Fisher Syndrome

Hepatitis B e Antigens

Hepatitis C

Antibodies

Hepatitis A

Antibody Specificity

Antibodies, Viral

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Hepatitis

Immunosorbents

Antibodies, Bacterial

Hepatitis, Viral, Human

Hepatitis C, Chronic

Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis B Virus, Duck

Hepatitis, Chronic

Gangliosides

Antibody Formation

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Hepatitis Antibodies

Antiviral Agents

Hepacivirus

Immunoglobulin G

Hepatitis A Vaccines

Blood Group Incompatibility

DNA, Viral

Hepatitis, Viral, Animal

Viral Hepatitis Vaccines

Hepatitis D

Hepatitis Viruses

Molecular Sequence Data

Lamivudine

Epitopes

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis Delta Virus

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Hepatitis A Antibodies

Immunoglobulin M

Hepatitis E virus

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Hepatitis, Autoimmune

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Hepatitis A Virus, Human

Ophthalmoplegia

Autoantibodies

ABO Blood-Group System

Amino Acid Sequence

Liver Neoplasms

Cross Reactions

Liver Cirrhosis

Hepatitis, Animal

Antibody Affinity

Alanine Transaminase

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Liver

Carrier State

Polyradiculoneuropathy

RNA, Viral

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck

Immunization

Interferon-alpha

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Immunosorbent Techniques

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Virus Replication

Hepatovirus

Binding Sites, Antibody

Hepatitis C Antigens

Ducks

HIV Antibodies