Heparin. Medical search

Heparin fractions with a molecular weight usually between 4000 and 6000 kD. These low-molecular-weight fractions are effective antithrombotic agents. Their administration reduces the risk of hemorrhage, they have a longer half-life, and their platelet interactions are reduced in comparison to unfractionated heparin. They also provide an effective prophylaxis against postoperative major pulmonary embolism.

Coagulant substances inhibiting the anticoagulant action of heparin.

An enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.2.7.

A sulfated plasma protein with a MW of approximately 66kDa that resembles ANTITHROMBIN III. The protein is an inhibitor of thrombin in plasma and is activated by dermatan sulfate or heparin. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Agents that prevent clotting.

A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and also inhibits several other enzymes. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Endogenous factors and drugs that directly inhibit the action of THROMBIN, usually by blocking its enzymatic activity. They are distinguished from INDIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS, such as HEPARIN, which act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of antithrombins.

The time required for the appearance of FIBRIN strands following the mixing of PLASMA with phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides). It is a test of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and the common pathway (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) of BLOOD COAGULATION. It is used as a screening test and to monitor HEPARIN therapy.

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

Low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, having a 4-enopyranosuronate sodium structure at the non-reducing end of the chain. It is prepared by depolymerization of the benzylic ester of porcine mucosal heparin. Therapeutically, it is used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The time required by whole blood to produce a visible clot.

A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed)

A group of simple proteins that yield basic amino acids on hydrolysis and that occur combined with nucleic acid in the sperm of fish. Protamines contain very few kinds of amino acids. Protamine sulfate combines with heparin to form a stable inactive complex; it is used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin in the treatment of heparin overdose. (From Merck Index, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p692)

Activated form of factor X that participates in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. It catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in conjunction with other cofactors.

A CXC chemokine that is found in the alpha granules of PLATELETS. The protein has a molecular size of 7800 kDa and can occur as a monomer, a dimer or a tetramer depending upon its concentration in solution. Platelet factor 4 has a high affinity for HEPARIN and is often found complexed with GLYCOPROTEINS such as PROTEIN C.

Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophobic N terminus, an acidic hydrophilic C terminus, and a compact, hydrophobic core region. Recombinant hirudins lack tyr-63 sulfation and are referred to as 'desulfato-hirudins'. They form a stable non-covalent complex with ALPHA-THROMBIN, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave FIBRINOGEN.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.

The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot.

A group of carbon-oxygen lyases. These enzymes catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond in polysaccharides leading to an unsaturated product and the elimination of an alcohol. EC 4.2.2.

Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.

Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).

Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Heparin derivatives. The term has also been used more loosely to include naturally occurring and synthetic highly-sulphated polysaccharides of similar structure. Heparinoid preparations have been used for a wide range of applications including as anticoagulants and anti-inflammatories and they have been claimed to have hypolipidemic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th, p232)

Use of HIRUDINS as an anticoagulant in the treatment of cardiological and hematological disorders.

Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Clotting time of PLASMA mixed with a THROMBIN solution. It is a measure of the conversion of FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN, which is prolonged by AFIBRINOGENEMIA, abnormal fibrinogen, or the presence of inhibitory substances, e.g., fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, or HEPARIN. BATROXOBIN, a thrombin-like enzyme unaffected by the presence of heparin, may be used in place of thrombin.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties.

The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A 17-kDa single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. It binds to HEPARIN, which potentiates its biological activity and protects it from proteolysis. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages, and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. It was originally named acidic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from basic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2).

An endogenous family of proteins belonging to the serpin superfamily that neutralizes the action of thrombin. Six naturally occurring antithrombins have been identified and are designated by Roman numerals I to VI. Of these, Antithrombin I (see FIBRIN) and ANTITHROMBIN III appear to be of major importance.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor Xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A deficiency of factor X, sometimes called Stuart-Prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder.

Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.

Exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in SOIL and WATER. Its organisms are also found in raw meats, MILK and other FOOD, hospital environments, and human clinical specimens. Some species are pathogenic in humans.

The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure.

The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)

A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)

Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.

A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.

Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.

A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.

A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.

A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex important for platelet adhesion and aggregation. It is an integrin complex containing INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB and INTEGRIN BETA3 which recognizes the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present on several adhesive proteins. As such, it is a receptor for FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN; VITRONECTIN; and THROMBOSPONDINS. A deficiency of GPIIb-IIIa results in GLANZMANN THROMBASTHENIA.

Streptococcal fibrinolysin . An enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. It hydrolyzes amide linkages and serves as an activator of plasminogen. It is used in thrombolytic therapy and is used also in mixtures with streptodornase (STREPTODORNASE AND STREPTOKINASE). EC 3.4.-.

A family of neutral serine proteases with CHYMOTRYPSIN-like activity. Chymases are primarily found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of MAST CELLS and are released during mast cell degranulation.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.

A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.

A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist.

Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

Clotting time of PLASMA recalcified in the presence of excess TISSUE THROMBOPLASTIN. Factors measured are FIBRINOGEN; PROTHROMBIN; FACTOR V; FACTOR VII; and FACTOR X. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with COUMARINS.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Use of infusions of FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.

NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Extracellular protease inhibitors that are secreted from FIBROBLASTS. They form a covalent complex with SERINE PROTEASES and can mediate their cellular internalization and degradation.

The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of BLOOD from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements (eg. ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION), and the process of BLOOD COAGULATION.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

Hemorrhage following any surgical procedure. It may be immediate or delayed and is not restricted to the surgical wound.

Duration of blood flow after skin puncture. This test is used as a measure of capillary and platelet function.

A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.

Activated form of factor IX. This activation can take place via the intrinsic pathway by the action of factor XIa and calcium, or via the extrinsic pathway by the action of factor VIIa, thromboplastin, and calcium. Factor IXa serves to activate factor X to Xa by cleaving the arginyl-leucine peptide bond in factor X.

Long-chain polymer of glucose containing 17-20% sulfur. It has been used as an anticoagulant and also has been shown to inhibit the binding of HIV-1 to CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. It is commonly used as both an experimental and clinical laboratory reagent and has been investigated for use as an antiviral agent, in the treatment of hypolipidemia, and for the prevention of free radical damage, among other applications.

Specific molecular sites or structures on cell membranes that react with FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (both the basic and acidic forms), their analogs, or their antagonists to elicit or to inhibit the specific response of the cell to these factors. These receptors frequently possess tyrosine kinase activity.

Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.

Activated form of factor XI. In the intrinsic pathway, Factor XI is activated to XIa by factor XIIa in the presence of cofactor HMWK; (HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN). Factor XIa then activates factor IX to factor IXa in the presence of calcium.

Soluble protein fragments formed by the proteolytic action of plasmin on fibrin or fibrinogen. FDP and their complexes profoundly impair the hemostatic process and are a major cause of hemorrhage in intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An endogenous 105-kDa plasma glycoprotein produced primarily by the LIVER and MONOCYTES. It inhibits a broad spectrum of proteases, including the COMPLEMENT C1R and the COMPLEMENT C1S proteases of the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY, and the MANNOSE-BINDING PROTEIN-ASSOCIATED SERINE PROTEASES. C1-INH-deficient individuals suffer from HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPES I AND II.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The taking of a blood sample to determine its character as a whole, to identify levels of its component cells, chemicals, gases, or other constituents, to perform pathological examination, etc.

Use of a thrombelastograph, which provides a continuous graphic record of the physical shape of a clot during fibrin formation and subsequent lysis.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Organic esters of sulfuric acid.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Large, noncollagenous glycoprotein with antigenic properties. It is localized in the basement membrane lamina lucida and functions to bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. Evidence suggests that the protein plays a role in tumor invasion.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A family of related, adhesive glycoproteins which are synthesized, secreted, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix of a variety of cells, including alpha granules of platelets following thrombin activation and endothelial cells. They interact with a number of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS and anticoagulant factors. Five distinct forms have been identified, thrombospondin 1, -2, -3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). They are involved in cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE growth, and tissue repair.

A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. This family includes alpha 1-antitrypsin, angiotensinogen, ovalbumin, antiplasmin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, thyroxine-binding protein, complement 1 inactivators, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen inactivators, gene Y protein, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, and barley Z protein. Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.

Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.

Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Diversion of the flow of blood from the entrance of the right atrium directly to the aorta (or femoral artery) via an oxygenator thus bypassing both the heart and lungs.

Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of fibrinogen. It is used clinically to produce controlled defibrination in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy. EC 3.4.21.-.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.

A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233)

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of glucuronate residues from chondroitin A,B, and C or which catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate groups of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate. EC 4.2.2.-.

Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

A strong oxidizing agent.

Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.

Placement of an intravenous CATHETER in the subclavian, jugular, or other central vein.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.

A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound "may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck, 11th ed)

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A plant family of the order Capparales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida, that are mostly herbs and shrubs growing in warm arid regions. Several produce GLUCOSINOLATES.

Formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS or the inferior sagittal sinus. Sagittal sinus thrombosis can result from infections, hematological disorders, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES. Clinical features are primarily related to the increased intracranial pressure causing HEADACHE; NAUSEA; and VOMITING. Severe cases can evolve to SEIZURES or COMA.

A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

A product of the lysis of plasminogen (profibrinolysin) by PLASMINOGEN activators. It is composed of two polypeptide chains, light (B) and heavy (A), with a molecular weight of 75,000. It is the major proteolytic enzyme involved in blood clot retraction or the lysis of fibrin and quickly inactivated by antiplasmins.

Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation.

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

Binding of the G domains of laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains and perlecan to heparin, sulfatides, alpha-dystroglycan and several extracellular matrix proteins. (1/6896)

The C-terminal G domain of the mouse laminin alpha2 chain consists of five lamin-type G domain (LG) modules (alpha2LG1 to alpha2LG5) and was obtained as several recombinant fragments, corresponding to either individual modules or the tandem arrays alpha2LG1-3 and alpha2LG4-5. These fragments were compared with similar modules from the laminin alpha1 chain and from the C-terminal region of perlecan (PGV) in several binding studies. Major heparin-binding sites were located on the two tandem fragments and the individual alpha2LG1, alpha2LG3 and alpha2LG5 modules. The binding epitope on alpha2LG5 could be localized to a cluster of lysines by site-directed mutagenesis. In the alpha1 chain, however, strong heparin binding was found on alpha1LG4 and not on alpha1LG5. Binding to sulfatides correlated to heparin binding in most but not all cases. Fragments alpha2LG1-3 and alpha2LG4-5 also bound to fibulin-1, fibulin-2 and nidogen-2 with Kd = 13-150 nM. Both tandem fragments, but not the individual modules, bound strongly to alpha-dystroglycan and this interaction was abolished by EDTA but not by high concentrations of heparin and NaCl. The binding of perlecan fragment PGV to alpha-dystroglycan was even stronger and was also not sensitive to heparin. This demonstrated similar binding repertoires for the LG modules of three basement membrane proteins involved in cell-matrix interactions and supramolecular assembly. (+info)

The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 11 recombinant virus-like particles interacts with heparin and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans on human keratinocytes. (2/6896)

The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11, a 55-kDa polypeptide, forms particulate structures resembling native virus with an average particle diameter of 50-60 nm when expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show in this report that these virus-like particles (VLPs) interact with heparin and with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) resembling heparin on keratinocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The binding of VLPs to heparin is shown to exhibit an affinity comparable to that of other identified heparin-binding proteins. Immobilized heparin chromatography and surface plasmon resonance were used to show that this interaction can be specifically inhibited by free heparin and dextran sulfate and that the effectiveness of the inhibitor is related to its molecular weight and charge density. Sequence comparison of nine human L1 types revealed a conserved region of the carboxyl terminus containing clustered basic amino acids that bear resemblance to proposed heparin-binding motifs in unrelated proteins. Specific enzymatic cleavage of this region eliminated binding to both immobilized heparin and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Removal of heparan sulfate GAGs on keratinocytes by treatment with heparinase or heparitinase resulted in an 80-90% reduction of VLP binding, whereas treatment of cells with laminin, a substrate for alpha6 integrin receptors, provided minimal inhibition. Cells treated with chlorate or substituted beta-D-xylosides, resulting in undersulfation or secretion of GAG chains, also showed a reduced affinity for VLPs. Similarly, binding of VLPs to a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant deficient in GAG synthesis was shown to be only 10% that observed for wild type cells. This report establishes for the first time that the carboxyl-terminal portion of HPV L1 interacts with heparin, and that this region appears to be crucial for interaction with the cell surface. (+info)

Exosites 1 and 2 are essential for protection of fibrin-bound thrombin from heparin-catalyzed inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. (3/6896)

Assembly of ternary thrombin-heparin-fibrin complexes, formed when fibrin binds to exosite 1 on thrombin and fibrin-bound heparin binds to exosite 2, produces a 58- and 247-fold reduction in the heparin-catalyzed rate of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II, respectively. The greater reduction for heparin cofactor II reflects its requirement for access to exosite 1 during the inhibitory process. Protection from inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II requires ligation of both exosites 1 and 2 because minimal protection is seen when exosite 1 variants (gamma-thrombin and thrombin Quick 1) or an exosite 2 variant (Arg93 --> Ala, Arg97 --> Ala, and Arg101 --> Ala thrombin) is substituted for thrombin. Likewise, the rate of thrombin inhibition by the heparin-independent inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin Met358 --> Arg, is decreased less than 2-fold in the presence of soluble fibrin and heparin. In contrast, thrombin is protected from inhibition by a covalent antithrombin-heparin complex, suggesting that access of heparin to exosite 2 of thrombin is hampered when ternary complex formation occurs. These results reveal the importance of exosites 1 and 2 of thrombin in assembly of the ternary complex and the subsequent protection of thrombin from inhibition by heparin-catalyzed inhibitors. (+info)

Orientation of heparin-binding sites in native vitronectin. Analyses of ligand binding to the primary glycosaminoglycan-binding site indicate that putative secondary sites are not functional. (4/6896)

A primary heparin-binding site in vitronectin has been localized to a cluster of cationic residues near the C terminus of the protein. More recently, secondary binding sites have been proposed. In order to investigate whether the binding site originally identified on vitronectin functions as an exclusive and independent heparin-binding domain, solution binding methods have been used in combination with NMR and recombinant approaches to evaluate ligand binding to the primary site. Evaluation of the ionic strength dependence of heparin binding to vitronectin according to classical linkage theory indicates that a single ionic bond is prominent. It had been previously shown that chemical modification of vitronectin using an arginine-reactive probe results in a significant reduction in heparin binding (Gibson, A., Baburaj, K., Day, D. E., Verhamme, I. , Shore, J. D., and Peterson, C. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 5112-5121). The label has now been localized to arginine residues within the cyanogen bromide fragment-(341-380) that contains the primary heparin-binding site on vitronectin. One- and two-dimensional NMR on model peptides based on this primary heparin-binding site indicate that an arginine residue participates in the ionic interaction and that other nonionic interactions may be involved in forming a complex with heparin. A recombinant polypeptide corresponding to the C-terminal 129 amino acids of vitronectin exhibits heparin-binding affinity that is comparable to that of full-length vitronectin and is equally effective at neutralizing heparin anticoagulant activity. Results from this broad experimental approach argue that the behavior of the primary site is sufficient to account for the heparin binding activity of vitronectin and support an exposed orientation for the site in the structure of the native protein. (+info)

Depolarization-evoked Ca2+ release in a non-excitable cell, the rat megakaryocyte. (5/6896)

1. The effect of membrane potential on [Ca2+]i in rat megakaryocytes was studied using simultaneous whole-cell patch clamp and fura-2 fluorescence recordings. 2. Depolarization from -75 to 0 mV had no effect on [Ca2+]i in unstimulated cells, but evoked one or more spikes of Ca2+ increase (peak increase: 714 +/- 95 nM) during activation of metabotropic purinoceptors by 1 microM ADP. 3. The depolarization-evoked Ca2+ increase was present in Ca2+-free medium and also following removal of Na+. Thus depolarization mobilizes Ca2+ from an intracellular store without a requirement for altered Na+-Ca2+ exchange activity. 4. Intracellular dialysis with heparin blocked the depolarization-evoked Ca2+ increase, indicating a role for functional IP3 receptors. 5. Under current clamp, ADP caused the membrane potential to fluctuate between -43 +/- 1 and -76 +/- 1 mV. Under voltage clamp, depolarization from -75 to -45 mV evoked a transient [Ca2+]i increase (398 +/- 91 nM) during exposure to ADP. 6. We conclude that during stimulation of metabotropic purinoceptors, membrane depolarization over the physiological range can stimulate Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in the rat megakaryocyte, a non-excitable cell type. This may represent an important mechanism by which electrogenic influences can control patterns of [Ca2+]i increase. (+info)

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is a heparin-binding protein. (6/6896)

Proteins with affinity to heparin under physiological conditions were isolated from bovine cerebral cortex. First, the extract of cerebral cortex was applied to a chondroitin polysulfate column under physiological conditions. Then, the pass-through fraction was applied to a heparin column. Among the bands on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fraction bound to the heparin column, the major one was identified as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FPA), a cytosolic enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway. The results indicated that FPA is a heparin-binding protein which exhibits no affinity to chondroitin polysulfate. The results of affinity chromatographies revealed that FPA binds to intact heparin and modified heparins desulfated at C2 OH of the iduronic acid residue or at C6 OH or C2 NH2 of the glucosamine residue. When 6-O-desulfated heparin was employed as the affinity ligand, a single peak having FPA activity was isolated from the extract of bovine cerebral cortex. By further Mono Q chromatography and Superdex gel-filtration, five isoenzymes were purified with more than 50% recovery. These isoenzymes were identified as FPA A4, A3C1, A2C2, A1C3, and C4 by native electrophoresis with and without 4 M urea and subsequent amino acid sequence analysis. The use of 6-O-desulfated heparin affinity chromatography thus facilitated the purification of FPA. (+info)

Characterisation of the conformational and quaternary structure-dependent heparin-binding region of bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109. (7/6896)

PDC-109, the major heparin-binding protein of bull seminal plasma, binds to sperm choline lipids at ejaculation and modulates capacitation mediated by heparin. Affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose showed that polydisperse, but not monomeric, PDC-109 displayed heparin-binding capability. We sought to characterise the surface topology of the quaternary structure-dependent heparin-binding region of PDC-109 by comparing the arginine- and lysine-selective chemical modification patterns of the free and the heparin-bound protein. A combination of reversed-phase peptide mapping of endoproteinase Lys-C-digested PDC-109 derivatives and mass spectrometry was employed to identify modified and heparin-protected residues. PDC-109 contains two tandemly arranged fibronectin type II domains (a, Cys24-Cys61; b, Cys69-Cys109). The results show that six basic residues (Lys34, Arg57, Lys59, Arg64, Lys68, and Arg104) were shielded from reaction with acetic anhydride and 1,2-cyclohexanedione in heparin-bound PDC-109 oligomers. In the 1H-NMR solution structures of single fibronectin type II domains, residues topologically equivalent to PDC-109 Arg57 (Arg104) and Lys59 lay around beta-strand D on the same face of the domain. In full-length PDC-109, Arg64 and Lys68 are both located in the intervening polypeptide between domains a and b. Our data suggest possible quaternary structure arrangements of PDC-109 molecules to form a heparin-binding oligomer. (+info)

Sperm chemotaxis. (8/6896)

Communication between spermatozoa and egg before contact by chemotaxis appears to be prevalent throughout the animal kingdom. In non-mammalian species, sperm chemotaxis to factors secreted from the egg is well documented. In mammals, sperm chemotaxis to follicular factors in vitro has been established in humans and mice. The attractants of female origin in non-mammalian species are heat-stable peptides or proteins of various sizes, or other small molecules, depending on the species. Species specificity of the attractants in non-mammalian species may vary from high species specificity, through specificity to families with no specificity within a family, to absence of specificity. The mammalian sperm attractants have not been identified but they appear to be heat-stable peptides. The claim that progesterone is the attractant for human spermatozoa has failed to be substantiated, neither have claims for other mammalian sperm attractants been verified. The molecular mechanism of sperm chemotaxis is not known. Models involving modulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration have been proposed for both mammalian and non-mammalian sperm chemotaxis. The physiological role of sperm chemotaxis in non-mammalian species appears to differ from that in mammals. In non-mammalian species, sperm chemotaxis strives to bring as many spermatozoa as possible to the egg. However, in mammals, the role appears to be recruitment of a selective population of capacitated ('ripe') spermatozoa to fertilize the egg. (+info)

... unfractionated heparin has higher risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. A serious side-effect of heparin is heparin-induced ... Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. Since heparins ... A fractionated version of heparin, known as low molecular weight heparin, is also available. Heparin was discovered by Jay ... Because danaparoid does not contain heparin or heparin fragments, cross-reactivity of danaparoid with heparin-induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin

... is a cutaneous condition and usually occurs between days 5 and 10 of heparin therapy. Warfarin necrosis List ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin_necrosis

The systematic name of this enzyme class is heparin lyase. Other names in common use include heparin eliminase, and heparinase ... The enzyme heparin lyase (EC 4.2.2.7) catalyzes the following process: Eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing (1→4 ... Hovingh P, Linker A (1970). "The enzymatic degradation of heparin and heparitin sulfate. 3 Purification of a heparitinase and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin_lyase

2002). "Contribution of basic residues of the A helix of heparin cofactor II to heparin- or dermatan sulfate-mediated thrombin ... Mutations in this gene are associated with heparin cofactor II deficiency. Heparin cofactor II deficiency can lead to increased ... 2004). "Studies on the effect of calcium in interactions between heparin and heparin cofactor II using surface plasmon ... Huntington, James A. (2005-01-01). "Heparin Activation of Serpins". Chemistry and Biology of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate: 367- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin_cofactor_II

... are synthetic compounds that possess similar characteristics to heparin, that is it can be used ... Heparin is widely used as a clinical anticoagulant however, it possesses drawbacks creating a need for synthetic heparin ... Heparin-mimicking polymers can be designed to exhibit shape memory behavior. Heparin mimicking polymers can be characterized by ... Additionally prolonged use of heparin results in heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Three aspects of synthetic mimicking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin_mimicking_polymers

While heparin was discovered in the 1930s, HIT was not reported until the 1960s. Heparin may be used for both prevention and ... The administration of heparin can cause the development of HIT antibodies, suggesting heparin may act as a hapten, thus may be ... While heparin was introduced for clinical use in the late 1930s, new thrombosis in people treated with heparin was not ... Formation of PF4-heparin antibodies is common in people receiving heparin, but only a proportion of these develop ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-induced_thrombocytopenia

The systematic name of this enzyme class is heparin-sulfate lyase. Other names in common use include heparin-sulfate eliminase ... The enzyme heparin-sulfate lyase (EC 4.2.2.8) catalyzes the chemical reaction Elimination of sulfate; appears to act on ... Hovingh P, Linker A (1970). "The enzymatic degradation of heparin and heparitin sulfate. 3 Purification of a heparitinase and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-sulfate_lyase

... , refers to heparin adulteration incidents that occurred in the United States of America in ... due to contamination of the raw heparin stock imported from mainland China, major recalls of heparin, a substance widely used ... The raw heparin batches were found to have been cut from 2-60% with chondroitin and motivation for the adulteration was ... Baxter then sold this adulterated heparin in the US, which killed 81 people, and left 785 severely injured. This caught the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Chinese_heparin_adulteration

Differences from heparin (i.e. "unfractionated heparin") include: Average molecular weight: heparin is about 15 kDa and LMWH is ... Smaller risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, a potential side effect of heparin. The anticoagulant effects of heparin are ... Heparin and low-molecular-weight-heparin. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 807-818. Xu Y, Masuko S, Takieddin M, Xu H, Liu R, Jing J, ... Various methods of heparin depolymerisation are used in the manufacture of low-molecular-weight heparin. These are listed below ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-molecular-weight_heparin

1994). "Characterization of sequences within heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor that mediate interaction with heparin". J. ... Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of the EGF family of proteins that in humans is encoded by the ... Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor has been shown to interact with NRD1, Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16 ... heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor

Engelberg, Hyman (1978). Heparin. New York: Basel. ISBN 3805528922. Likar, Ivan (1985). Atherosclerosis : cattle as a model for ... Robinson recognized the role of cholesterol and diet in atherosclerotic heart disease and demonstrated that heparin prevents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_W._Robinson

"Heparin sodium". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Portal: Medicine v t e (Articles with short ... Heparins, Withdrawn drugs, All stub articles, Blood and blood forming organ drug stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardeparin_sodium

Heparin, heparan sulfate and other glycosaminoglycans and plant glycans. Polysaccharides such as cellulose, amylose, chitin and ... Peterson, Sherket; Frick, Amber; Liu, Jian (2009). "Design of biologically active heparan sulfate and heparin using an enzyme- ... Linhardt, Robert J; Liu, Jian (April 2012). "Synthetic heparin". Current Opinion in Pharmacology. 12 (2): 217-219. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biopolymer

Interference by heparin can be detected by absorbing the heparin with a resin ("Heparsorb") or by using an enzyme to digest the ... Another consideration is heparin. It is possible that the blood sample was mistakenly drawn though a running line. ... "Heparin Neutralization". www.clinlabnavigator.com. Retrieved 2018-05-13. "Making Sense of Mixing Studies". George King Bio- ... heparin ("Hepzyme"). Also, the patient's history should be checked, especially with regard to anticoagulant use or liver ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_study

Discontinuation of heparin is critical in a case of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Beyond that, however, clinicians ... Ahmed, I; Majeed, A; Powell, R (2007). "Heparin induced thrombocytopenia: diagnosis and management update". Postgraduate ... Warkentin, Theodore E.; Greinacher, Andreas (2007-07-23). Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439826423. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopenia

Other names in common use include heparin-glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase, 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:heparin-glucosamine 3-O- ... Kusche M, Backstrom G, Riesenfeld J, Petitou M, Choay J, Lindahl U (1988). "Biosynthesis of heparin. O-sulfation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(heparan_sulfate)-glucosamine_3-sulfotransferase_1

He is most notable for his major contribution to the discovery of heparin. Born in San Francisco in 1890, he was the son of a ... Howell also coined 'heparin' as the name of this compound despite being different from the compound previously discovered by ... This anti-coagulant was first isolated from the liver tissue of canines, which is how Heparin got its name(hepar or "ήπαρ" is ... Marcum, James A. (1990). "William Henry Howell and Jay McLean: The Experimental Context for the Discovery of Heparin". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_McLean

Helting T (1972). "Biosynthesis of heparin. Solubilization and partial purification of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein_3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase

"Biosynthesis of heparin. Assay and properties of the microsomal uronosyl C-5 epimerase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. ... sulfate L-iduronate This enzyme acts on D-glucuronosyl residues adjacent to sulfated D-glucosamine units in the heparin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate_5-epimerase

It is also used as a heparin substitute in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) which may otherwise cause paradoxical ... "Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia" Uptodate www.uptodate.com retrieved on 2/6/2009 danaparoid at the US National Library of ... Low platelets, due to a low level of structural similarity between danaparoid and heparin, i.e.only in some patients sensitive ... It is chemically distinct from heparin, has different protein-binding properties because of its low degree of sulphation and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaparoid

Dietrich CP (January 1969). "Enzymic degradation of heparin. A sulphamidase and a sulphoesterase from Flavobacterium heparinum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disulfoglucosamine-6-sulfatase

Examples: No heparin bridging; subtherapeutic INR. 3. Low pump flow due to low speed setting to manage AI, GIB or assess/induce ... 2010). "Post-operative heparin may not be required for transitioning patients with a HeartMate II left ventricular assist ... Warkentin, TE; Greinacher, A; Koster, A (2009). "Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with ventricular assist devices: ... 2012). "Argatroban anticoagulation for heparin induced thrombocytopenia in patients with ventricular assist devices". Minerva ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump_thrombosis

Crafoord later confirmed the usefulness of heparin in treating thrombosis. Jorpes' classic study on the use of heparin in the ... In 1994, Aland released a set of stamps, one of which honored Erik Jorpes and his contribution to heparin. Erik Jorpes was ... In the early 1930s, Jorpes started his pioneering work on the isolation and structure of heparin. In 1936, he successfully ... He identified the chemical structure of heparin and developed its clinical applications. Jorpes was the professor of medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Jorpes

China and supplies the crude heparin to Baxter Travenol and other pharmaceutical companies throughout the world. "Heparin's ... The company harvests heparin from pig's intestines in the United States and Canada and Changzhou City, ... Reinberg, Steven (5 March 2008). "FDA Finds Contaminant in Baxter's Recalled Heparin Products". ABC News. Retrieved 30 March ... The company was a victim, along with other pharmaceutical companies, of the 2008 Chinese heparin adulteration. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Protein_Laboratories

Anticoagulants (heparin and warfarin). Antihypertensives (i.e., hydralazine, guanethidine and propranolol). Hormones (i.e., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priapism

"Heparin use is described". The Globe and Mail. 21 Oct 1941. p. 18. ISSN 0319-0714. "Success With Heparin in Toronto Is Welcomed ... "in which heparin played an essential and often dramatic life-saving role". The advances that made heparin a safe, easily ... Heparin is a blood thinner (anticoagulant), originally discovered in 1916 by Jay McLean and William Henry Howell at Johns ... By 1936, Charles and Scott managed to crystallise the heparin extract into a dry form that could be administered in a salt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaught_Laboratories

... a phenomenon called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia if heparin is involved. Thrombocytopenia is generally a common symptom ... leading to a condition similar to one seen sometimes in people treated with heparin", that is heparin induced thrombocytopenia ... This phenomenon is mostly encountered in some people who have been administered heparin, but none of the reported cases had ... The advisory panel for the government of Ontario, Canada has recommended against the use of heparin for management of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination

... and heparin". Cell Immunol. 74 (1): 162-71. doi:10.1016/0008-8749(82)90016-8. PMID 6760994. Teas, J (1984). "Dietary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucoidan

"Heparin's Deadly Side Effects". Time magazine. 13 November 2008. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 16 ... During the 2008 Chinese export recalls, heparin was recalled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to ... for a drug called heparin, a blood thinner that is widely used by kidney-dialysis and postsurgical patients to prevent blood ... contamination of the raw heparin stock imported from China. Lenovo has admitted in a public statement that it had pre-installed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made_in_China

Dietrich CP (May 1969). "Enzymic degradation of heparin. A glucosaminidase and a glycuronidase from Flavobacterium heparinum". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucuronosyl-disulfoglucosamine_glucuronidase

Heparin Injection: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Heparin should not be injected into a muscle. Heparin is sometimes injected one to six times a day and sometimes given as a ... Before using heparin,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to heparin, any other medications, beef products, ... Before giving an injection of heparin, check the package label to make sure it is the strength of heparin solution that your ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682826.html

... is a complication of heparin therapy. There are two types of HIT. ... Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) due to heparin flushes: ... Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparin for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative ... Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a complication of heparin therapy. [1] There are two types of HIT. Type 1 HIT ... The new ID-heparin/PF4 antibody test for rapid detection of heparin-induced antibodies in comparison with functional and ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1357846-93346/how-is-heparin-induced-thrombocytopenia-hit-diagnosed

... heparin and aspirin therapy. Because the potential for bleeding exists with heparin and aspirin, the risks for and benefits of ... Neither aspirin or heparin, alone or in combination, are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for this use. In ... Both heparin and aspirin therapy have been associated with increased risks for and severity of bleeding. The patient in this ... Heparin and aspirin therapy substantially reduces the risk for recurrent spontaneous abortion (more than two pregnancy losses) ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00052611.htm

Posts about heparin written by What Doctors Dont Tell You ... NEWS:HEPARIN TREATMENT HAS NO BENEFIT. What Doctors Dont Tell ... Heparin (the generic name for a range of drugs, including HepLok in the US, and PumpHep and Unihep in the UK) is an ... Doubt has been cast over a recent study which suggests that heparin in high doses can aid coronary arteries and make ... The hospital routine of giving patients the drug heparin as a just in case precaution against fatal pulmonary embolism (blood ...

https://healthy.net/tag/heparin/

... is a complication of heparin therapy. There are two types of HIT. ... Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) due to heparin flushes: ... Unfractionated heparin versus low molecular weight heparin for avoiding heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in postoperative ... 42] An order to simply "discontinue heparin" may not necessarily prevent heparin exposure, because unfractionated heparin (UFH ... The new ID-heparin/PF4 antibody test for rapid detection of heparin-induced antibodies in comparison with functional and ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1357846-treatment

... mg/kg N-desulfated heparin (N-desulfated heparin group) twice weekly for three weeks. In vitro, human gastric carcinoma SGC- ... There was no bleeding in N-desulfated heparin group. In vitro, N-desulfated heparin inhibited significantly bFGF protein and ... N-desulfated heparin group), and treated with medium (control group). ,i,Results,/i,. In vivo, the tumor metastasis rates were ... N-desulfated heparin can inhibit the metastasis of gastric cancer through inhibiting tumor bFGF expression and tumor ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/grp/2012/752940/

International collaborative study of a proposed 4th international standard for heparin : a report from the National Institute ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Heparin&type=mesh

All non-gel separator blood collection tubes, including those that contain heparin, EDTA and non-gel serum tubes can be ... All non-gel separator blood collection tubes, including those that contain heparin, EDTA and non-gel serum tubes can be ...

https://www.bd.com/en-us/products-and-solutions/products/product-page.366667

Indeed, both heparin and the coumarin-derivative warfarin were in widespread clinical practice for the treatment of thrombosis ... reported in 1947 that only one death occurred in a cohort of 329 patients with pulmonary embolism who were treated with heparin ... This landmark study demonstrated for the first time that anticoagulation with heparin and a VKA markedly reduces the risk of ... Following the serendipitous discovery of heparin by Jay McLean (MILESTONE 1) and the later isolation of the vitamin K ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2017.173?error=cookies_not_supported&code=e277fce2-80f3-4ec0-9fd5-0001e903e2b5

Keywords : Achilles tendon/injuries, heparin, low-molecularweight, rats, wound healing Read: 628 Downloads: 562 Published: 08 ... Objectives: We investigated the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on the healing of tendons.\r\nMethods: Forty-five ...

https://www.aott.org.tr/en/the-effect-of-lowmolecularweight-heparin-on-rat-tendon-healing-134578

Discover why heparin is given to patients, its side effects, and its risks if youre having questions about the dosage you are ... Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin administration. HIT happens when heparin causes a ... How does heparin work? Heparin works by decreasing your bloods ability to form clots. It can also stop the growth of blood ... Too much heparin can cause the blood to become too thin and can result in bleeding. An overdose of heparin, such as giving an ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-heparin-3156911

When given in conjunction with heparin, alteplase can improve the clinical course of stable patients who have acute submassive ... Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism N Engl J Med. 2002 Oct 10;347 ... The incidence of the primary end point was significantly higher in the heparin-plus-placebo group than in the heparin-plus- ... The patients were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive heparin plus 100 mg of alteplase or heparin plus placebo ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12374874/?dopt=Abstract

AP2 bound to heparin in the closed conformation ... AP2 bound to heparin in the closed conformation. *PDB DOI: ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7RW8

... has changed its labelling rules for heparin in a mid to reduce the number of medication errors. ... The standards organisation is revising its monographs for Heparin Sodium Injection and Heparin Lock Flush Solution monographs ... USP revises Heparin labelling rules. Related tags: Health care The US Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) has changed its labelling ... USP revises heparin labelling guide. 06-Nov-2012. - Last updated on 06-Nov-2012 at 12:32. GMT ...

https://www.outsourcing-pharma.com/Article/2012/11/06/USP-revises-heparin-labelling

Low Molecular Weight Heparin. Class Summary. Enoxaparin can be used in the acute stages of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. ... The heparin-antithrombin III complex binds to and inactivates activated factor X (Xa) and factor II (thrombin). ... Heparin anti-factor Xa levels may be obtained if needed to establish adequate dosing. ... Produced by partial chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Binds to antithrombin III, ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/784888-medication

... of low-molecular weight heparin (Fragmin [dalteparin sodium]; Pfizer, Sandwich, UK) by subcutaneous injection. All heparins ... Crossan C, Scobie L, Godwin J, Hunter J, Hawkes T, Dalton H. Hepatitis E Virus and Porcine-derived Heparin. Emerg Infect Dis. ... Hepatitis E Virus and Porcine-derived Heparin. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013;19(4):686-688. doi:10.3201/eid1904.121792.. ... Given that all samples analyzed were negative for all 3 viruses tested, it seems likely that the heparin manufacturing process ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/4/12-1792_article

Patients suspected of having HIT must not receive any further heparin or low-molecular weight heparin and must be started on an ... Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT) is a severe and potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction. Patients become ...

https://pmj.bmj.com/content/94/1114/453

THE EFFECT OF HEPARIN AND DICUMAROL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY UPON THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE. ... THE EFFECT OF HEPARIN AND DICUMAROL ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY UPON THE ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/101987/scanned-page/435

Forbes India Search Results

https://www.forbesindia.com/about/heparin

The company, Baxter (Deerfield, IL), recalled all lots of the product, heparin, which was ultimately linked to more than 350 ... If the industry learned nothing else from the heparin incident, it learned to verify, qualify, and document everything ... Insider Solutions: Preventing the Next Heparin Scare. .social-ris-container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between ...

https://www.pharmtech.com/view/insider-solutions-preventing-next-heparin-scare

Scientist now know why contaminated heparin caused serious and sometimes fatal reactions in hundreds of patients. In a study ... The researchers also said that regulators now have a test to detect contaminated heparin.Â Heparin consists of a long, complex ... Home » Scientists Show Chemical in Tainted Heparin Caused Illnesses. Scientists Show Chemical in Tainted Heparin Caused ... In blinded laboratory tests, the contaminated heparin activated the biological pathways, while normal heparin did not. ...

https://www.yourlawyer.com/newsinferno/scientists-show-chemical-in-tainted-heparin-caused-illnesses/

Heparin is with activity by inactivating factor and inhibiting the conversion of to . Also further activates thrombin ... preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to . Finally heparin also stops the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the ...

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=heparin-quiz

Is a low-molecular-weight heparin program right for your pharmacy? ... First, some product needs are best serviced "locally." Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) clearly fit into this category. If ... Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Can Be Heavy Hitters. .social-ris-container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between ...

https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/low-molecular-weight-heparins-can-be-heavy-hitters-

Plasma Tubes with Lithium Heparin and Gel at Fishersci.com ... Interior tube wall is coated with lithium heparin, an ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/greiner-bio-one-vacuette-plasma-tubes-lithium-heparin-gel-5/p-2770876

Heparin therapy improving hypoxia in COVID-19 patients - a case series. View ORCID ProfileElnara Marcia Negri, View ORCID ... Heparin therapy improving hypoxia in COVID-19 patients - a case series Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.20067017v3.article-info

... and other complications found to be similar whether or not heparin is used during hemodialysis. ... The researchers found no significant difference between heparin-free HD and HD with heparin with respect to all-cause mortality ... The finding suggests that HD without heparin may be no safer than HD with heparin, researchers concluded. ... Heparin-free hemodialysis (HD) is not significantly associated with decreased likelihood of death, bleeding or thrombosis, new ...

https://www.renalandurologynews.com/home/news/nephrology/hemodialysis/study-heparin-free-hemodialysis-not-safer/

The IV heparin recommended by Peter F. Cohn, MD, as bridging therapy when warfarin has to be stopped in a pa-tient with an ...

https://www.clinicaladvisor.com/home/features/advisor-forum/use-enoxaparin-instead-of-iv-heparin/

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Journal Article (Journal Article;Review) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune ... It is now recognized that anti-PF4/heparin antibodies develop commonly after heparin exposure, but only a subset of sensitized ... and heparin. Pathogenic antibodies to PF4/heparin bind and activate cellular FcγRIIA on platelets and monocytes to propagate a ... Recent scientific developments have clarified mechanisms underlying PF4/heparin immunogenicity, disease susceptibility, and ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub791639

... in the therapeutic heparin group and 38 (16.0%) in the prophylactic heparin group (odds ratio, 0.59; 95%-CI, 0.34 to 1.02), ... assigned to therapeutic heparin, and 52 of 237 patients (21.9%) assigned to prophylactic heparin (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% ... Full Heparin Dose Improves Outcomes for Moderately Ill COVID-19 Patients. Use of a common blood thinner in hospitalized ... It found that administering a full dose of heparin early to moderately ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 helps stem the ...

https://www.powerpak.com/resources/COVID19/Full-Heparin-Dose-Improves-Outcomes-for-Moderately-Ill-COVID-19-Patients/

Insurers ordered to pay $62.7M for breach of duty to defend in heparin litigation. A federal district court in Maryland has ... The federal court ruled that Charter Oak had breached its duty to defend American Capital in the heparin litigation under three ... and Charter Oak had breached its duty to defend SPL in the heparin litigation under two CGL policies.. This story is reprinted ... their duty to defend their insureds in over 1,000 federal and state lawsuits pertaining to allegedly contaminated heparin.. By ...

https://www.propertycasualty360.com/2017/08/15/insurers-ordered-to-pay-62-7m-for-breach-of-duty-t/?page_all=1&slreturn=1503202626

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a complication of heparin therapy. (medscape.com)
For that reason, the disorder is sometimes termed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT). (medscape.com)
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic disorder caused by antibodies to complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. (medscape.com)
If heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is suspected, the first step is to discontinue all heparin products immediately and avoid any further exposure. (medscape.com)
For patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) who have only isolated thrombocytopenia, therapeutic doses of alternative anticoagulants should be continued until the platelet counts recover to a stable plateau. (medscape.com)
It is now recognized that anti-PF4/heparin antibodies develop commonly after heparin exposure, but only a subset of sensitized patients progress to life-threatening complications of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. (duke.edu)
Consider using the 4Ts scoring system to stratify patients' risk for HIT in patients with thrombocytopenia who are currently or were recently on heparin derived agents. (mdcalc.com)
The 4Ts for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a tool developed to help clinicians rule out HIT in patients who develop thrombocytopenia in the clinical setting. (mdcalc.com)
Unlike heparin, ODSH does not interact with heparin-platelet factor-4 antibodies present in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and even suppresses platelet activation in the presence of activating concentrations of heparin. (rti.org)
Additionally, genetic engineering could yield heparin with improved qualities such as reduced risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (nsf.gov)
The recombinant product was characterized structurally and in clotting, anti-protease and heparin induced thrombocytopenia assays. (nsf.gov)
Additionally, binding to platelet factor 4 was reduced compared to unfractionated heparin, suggesting less risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (nsf.gov)
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening complication of heparin therapy. (techscience.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia management with bivalirudin. (who.int)
Meera R, Rachel D, Ramakrishnapillai V, Vijayaraghavan G. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia management with bivalirudin. (who.int)
We report a case of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) following percutaneous coronary intervention. (who.int)
The case is unique in that thrombocytopenia occurred very early after heparin administration and responded well to a regime of bivalirudin-a direct thrombin inhibitor readily available in India. (who.int)
Heparin, Thrombocytopenia, Bivalirudin Acute HIT, occurring within few hours of heparin therapy have been reported in patients previously exposed to unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 1. (who.int)
Keith McCrae, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic, offers his thoughts on abstract 4848, "Implementation of a Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Management Program Reduces the Cost of Diagnostic Testing and Pha. (ascopost.com)

Far fewer ULCs were formed when low-molecular weight heparin was used, and none were formed with the factor Xa inhibitor fondaparinux. (medscape.com)
Objectives: We investigated the effect of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on the healing of tendons. (aott.org.tr)
Lovenox , which is low molecular weight heparin, is also frequently used after surgery and is used instead of heparin, not with heparin. (verywellhealth.com)
Patients suspected of having HIT must not receive any further heparin or low-molecular weight heparin and must be started on an alternative anticoagulant such as argatroban or danaparoid. (bmj.com)
Is a low-molecular-weight heparin program right for your pharmacy? (pharmacytimes.com)
Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) clearly fit into this category. (pharmacytimes.com)
However, an early report with empiric use of treatment dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) in ARDS from a different viral family, influenza H1N1, revealed that H1N1 ARDS patients under systemic anticoagulation had 33-fold fewer VTE events than those treated given prophylactic doses of UFH/low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) thromboprophylaxis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) Safe and Effective for A.Fib. (clotcare.com)
The effect of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin given once daily as prophylaxis against venous thrombosis was compared with that of dextran 70 in an open randomised trial of 100 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. (lu.se)
article{99c7e769-9e17-4db0-92e8-7e408c5d18e7, abstract = {{The effect of low molecular weight (LMW) heparin given once daily as prophylaxis against venous thrombosis was compared with that of dextran 70 in an open randomised trial of 100 patients undergoing elective total hip replacement. (lu.se)
This pair of articles from the thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11b investigators compares enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), to standard unfractionated heparin in patients hospitalized for unstable coronary artery disease. (reliasmedia.com)
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Profile Of 3 Batches Of Ovine Low Molecular Weight Heparin And 1 Batch Of Branded Enoxaparin. (luc.edu)
Perioperative continuation of aspirin, oral anticoagulants or bridging with therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin does not increase intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion rate in cystectomy patients: an observational cohort study. (bvsalud.org)
The group 'with anticoagulant agents ' was considered if surgery was performed with uninterrupted low- dose aspirin ( ASS ), oral anticoagulants (OAC) with an international normalised ratio ( INR ) goal of 2-2.5 or bridging with therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin ( LMWH ). (bvsalud.org)
People with suspected DVT or PE are generally treated immediately with drugs that help to prevent the blood from clotting (anticoagulants), most commonly with injections of low molecular weight heparin. (hospitalhealthcare.com)
Dabigatran is initiated after at least five-days treatment with an injectable anticoagulant such as low molecular weight heparin. (hospitalhealthcare.com)
If you ask for an anti-Xa at my hospital, and my guess is if you asked for it at Matt's hospital, you'd probably get 1 that's titrated to either unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin. (pharmacytimes.com)
Ranging from venous or lymphatic malformations to metastatic vascular tumors, the Vascular Anomalies Program uses anticoagulants (like low molecular weight heparin), immunosupressants (like sirolimus), chemotherapy, etc. to treat a large variety of vascular anomalies. (texaschildrens.org)
An immobile client receiving low molecular weight heparin q12 h. (assicurazioni-temporanee.it)
81.3% were treated with low molecular weight heparin. (bvsalud.org)

Indeed, both heparin and the coumarin-derivative warfarin were in widespread clinical practice for the treatment of thrombosis by the 1950s, with the eminent example of US president Dwight D. Eisenhower being successfully treated with warfarin following a myocardial infarction in 1955. (nature.com)
In 1959, Bauer reported that only five deaths occurred from pulmonary embolism in a cohort of 627 patients with venous thrombosis who were treated with heparin. (nature.com)
Bauer, G. The introduction of heparin therapy in cases of early thrombosis. (nature.com)
Heparin can be used in cavernous sinus thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Heparin-free hemodialysis (HD) is not significantly associated with decreased likelihood of death, bleeding or thrombosis, new findings show. (renalandurologynews.com)
Pathogenic antibodies to PF4/heparin bind and activate cellular FcγRIIA on platelets and monocytes to propagate a hypercoagulable state culminating in life-threatening thrombosis. (duke.edu)
Heparin is an essential anticoagulant used for treating and preventing thrombosis. (nsf.gov)

Enoxaparin appears to be far more effective in this setting than other LMWH preparations such as dalteparin and nadroparin, neither of which appears superior to unfractionated heparin in clinical studies. (reliasmedia.com)

The patient had undergone in vitro fertilization (IVF) and was being treated with anticoagulants (heparin and aspirin) and intravenous immunoglobulin at the time of her death. (cdc.gov)
Following the serendipitous discovery of heparin by Jay McLean ( MILESTONE 1 ) and the later isolation of the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) dicoumarol by Karl Link ( MILESTONE 2 ) in the first half of the 20th century, considerable efforts were made to bring these newly identified anticoagulants from bench to bedside. (nature.com)
This landmark study demonstrated for the first time that anticoagulation with heparin and a VKA markedly reduces the risk of death and recurrence of pulmonary embolism, paving the way for subsequent randomized clinical studies to evaluate these anticoagulants for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism ( MILESTONE 4 ). (nature.com)

HIT must be suspected when a patient who is receiving heparin has a decrease in the platelet count, particularly if the fall is over 50% of the baseline count, even if the platelet count nadir remains above 150 × 10 9 /L. Clinically, HIT may manifest as skin lesions at heparin injection sites or by acute systemic reactions (eg, chills, fever, dyspnea, chest pain) after administration of an intravenous bolus of heparin. (medscape.com)
4000 units bolus if heparin on hand is 5000 units per ml, how many ml to be given bolus and how oft? (drugs.com)
How do you bolus heparin? (digglicious.com)
Bolus dose Preparation: Heparin Sodium Injection 1,000 units/ml. (digglicious.com)
Subjects were assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive either conventional therapy with unfractionated heparin (by weight-based bolus and infusion) for 3-8 days, or enoxaparin 30 mg infusion followed by a 1 mg/kg subcutaneous injection every 12 hours during hospitalization and after discharge, up to eight days. (reliasmedia.com)

For patients with a past history of HIT who no longer have circulating HIT antibodies, the American College of Chest Physicians suggests that short-term (intraoperative only) heparin can be used for cardiac surgery, but recommends bivalirudin or argatroban for cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention. (medscape.com)
NEW ORLEANS , LA- Use of bivalirudin after initial management with thrombolytics appears to be as safe as unfractionated heparin for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), according to the results of a retrospective study to determine the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in this patient population as reported at ACC.11, the American College of Cardiology's 60th Annual Scientific Session. (empr.com)
The goal of this trial was to assess whether bivalirudin is superior to unfractionated heparin (UFH) in terms of ischemic and hemorrhagic endpoints in troponin-negative patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), after pretreatment with clopidogrel. (medscape.com)

Heparin is sometimes injected one to six times a day and sometimes given as a slow, continuous injection into the vein. (medlineplus.gov)
Ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist if you do not understand these directions or have any questions about where on your body you should inject heparin, how to give the injection, or how to dispose of used needles and syringes after you inject the medication. (medlineplus.gov)
Before giving an injection of heparin, check the package label to make sure it is the strength of heparin solution that your doctor prescribed for you. (medlineplus.gov)
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to heparin, any other medications, beef products,pork products, or any of the ingredients in heparin injection. (medlineplus.gov)
Twenty mice were randomly divided into two groups which received either intravenous injection of 0.9% NaCl solution (normal saline group) or 10 mg/kg N-desulfated heparin (N-desulfated heparin group) twice weekly for three weeks. (hindawi.com)
It is not uncommon for bruising to appear around heparin injection sites. (verywellhealth.com)
The standards organisation is revising its monographs for Heparin Sodium Injection and Heparin Lock Flush Solution monographs to ensure that labels list the strength per total volume as well as strength per ml. (outsourcing-pharma.com)
How and where is Heparin injection given? (drugs.com)
The clinical application of heparin is generally static injection or intramuscular injection: 0.5 to 10 thousand units per time, 4 to 12 hours per time. (qjbchina.com)
Heparin injection does not extend bleeding time at the dose required for different indications. (qjbchina.com)

[ 6 ] However, HIT antibodies are also present in many patients (especially patients undergoing cardiac procedures) who have been exposed to heparin but who do not have clinical manifestations of HIT. (medscape.com)
However, clinical use of heparin in treatment of tumor is limited by its strong anticoagulant activity, which may cause severe bleeding complications. (hindawi.com)
When given in conjunction with heparin, alteplase can improve the clinical course of stable patients who have acute submassive pulmonary embolism and can prevent clinical deterioration requiring the escalation of treatment during the hospital stay. (nih.gov)
To our knowledge, no investigation has determined whether clinical-grade heparin could contain viral contaminants. (cdc.gov)
Recent scientific developments have clarified mechanisms underlying PF4/heparin immunogenicity, disease susceptibility, and clinical manifestations of disease. (duke.edu)
Two further patients who received LMW heparin developed thromboses after leaving hospital (clinical signs became apparent on days 13 and 17, respectively), giving an overall. (lu.se)
The phase IV clinical study analyzes what interactions people who take Zyrtec and Heparin sodium have. (ehealthme.com)
Enoxaparin's advantages extend beyond its clinical efficacy, which, while statistically better than unfractionated heparin, is not overwhelming. (reliasmedia.com)
Clinical usage of heparin : present and future trends / [edited] by M. Verstraete and S. J. Machin. (who.int)
METHODS: We describe a series of 27 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to the Pulmonology service at Sirio-Libanes Hospital in São Paulo-Brazil treated with heparin in therapeutic doses tailored to clinical severity. (bvs.br)

Antman and colleagues conclude that enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in the treatment of patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave MI. (reliasmedia.com)

Heparin is given subcutaneously, meaning it is injected into the body in an area such as the abdomen, and can also be given intravenously (IV, through a vein). (verywellhealth.com)
As long as heparin is given subcutaneously does the site matter or does it HAVE to be in the lower? (drugs.com)
The studied LMW heparin given subcutaneously once a day was no less safe or effective than dextran in preventing thromboembolism after total hip replacement. (lu.se)

To find out, the study team randomly assigned moderately ill hospitalized ward patients admitted for COVID-19 with elevated D-dimer levels to therapeutic or prophylactic heparin. (powerpak.com)
In moderately ill ward patients with Covid-19 and elevated D-dimer level, therapeutic heparin did not significantly reduce the primary outcome but decreased the odds of death at 28 days," the authors write. (powerpak.com)
While we found that therapeutic heparin didn't statistically significantly lower incidence of the primary composite of death, mechanical ventilation or ICU admission compared with low dose heparin, the odds of all-cause death were significantly reduced by 78 percent with therapeutic heparin," explained first author and co-principal investigator Michelle Sholzberg, MDCM, MSC, of St. Michael's Hospital of Unity Health Toronto and the University of Toronto. (powerpak.com)
While this decreases the overall anticoagulation period from 8 weeks to 4 weeks, it requires that patients be hospitalized for administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) until their warfarin is therapeutic. (clotcare.com)
A nomogram for the adjustment of heparin dosage was developed to standardize heparin therapy and to reduce delays in achieving and maintaining a therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) result. (digglicious.com)
Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. (nih.gov)

In addition, with each IVF cycle she received 5000 units heparin subcutaneously twice a day, 81 mg aspirin daily, and intravenous gamma globulin each month. (cdc.gov)

Conclusions-The heparin nomogram is a user-friendly method of maintaining heparin infusions and is associated with improved anticoagulation measures, fewer total complications related to heparin therapy, fewer mistakes in heparin dosage adjustment, and decreased labor on the part of house staff and nursing staff. (digglicious.com)

Doubt has been cast over a recent study which suggests that heparin in high doses can aid coronary arteries and make angioplasty unnecessary in some patients with heart attacks. (healthy.net)
The risk of blood clots increases significantly during the early stages of recovery, so it is common for surgery patients to receive routine doses of heparin while in the hospital. (verywellhealth.com)
Use protocols, such as a weight-based heparin protocol, that provide complete directions for titrating doses. (digglicious.com)

4.4% in the bivalirudin group and 8.8% in the unfractionated heparin group ( P =0.84). (empr.com)
A total of 2.1% of patients in the bivalirudin group died, compared with 5.3% in the unfractionated heparin group ( P =0.625). (empr.com)
At eight days, 12% of the enoxaparin group had reached the end point of death or serious cardiac event, compared to 15% of patients in the unfractionated heparin group. (reliasmedia.com)

All non-gel separator blood collection tubes, including those that contain heparin, EDTA and non-gel serum tubes can be centrifuged at ≤1300 RCF for 10 minutes. (bd.com)
In this study, the effects of collecting blood samples pre-and post- slaughter, as well as EDTA and heparin preserved on the detection of haemo-parasite of cattle were investigated. (ajol.info)
A six ml of blood each (3ml placed in commercially prepared EDTA and Heparin sample bottles) were collected pre and post slaughter from 25 randomly selected cattle at Zango abattoir, Zaria, suggesting, four samples from each animal, totalling 100 samples. (ajol.info)
Plasma separation tubes products portfolio involves EDTA tubes, lithium heparin tubes and sodium heparin tubes. (pharmiweb.com)
Li-heparin, K2- and K3-EDTA plasma as well as Li-heparin plasma tubes containing separating gel. (crlcorp.com)

They estimate that 21 adverse events would be avoided for every 1000 patients treated with enoxaparin therapy instead of unfractionated heparin. (reliasmedia.com)
The companion article is a meta-analysis including the TIMI 11b and ESSENCE 2 phase III studies, 1 both comparing enoxaparin to unfractionated heparin in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave MI. (reliasmedia.com)
Both the TIMI 11b and ESSENCE 2 studies favor enoxaparin over unfractionated heparin in patients with unstable coronary syndromes. (reliasmedia.com)
Unlike standard heparin, enoxaparin does not require constant infusion, and it is not necessary to monitor its anticoagulant effect with laboratory studies. (reliasmedia.com)

In particular, the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides belonging to the heparin and heparan sulfate (H/HS) family has been a high profile target, particularly with respect to the longer heparanome. (rsc.org)
Results: Engineered cells produced heparan sulfate in chemically defined medium with anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity exceeding the requirement for unfractionated heparin despite having lower sulfate content. (nsf.gov)
In nature, heparin is produced exclusively in mast cells, which are not suitable for commercial production, but mastocytoma cells are readily grown in culture and make heparan sulfate, a closely related glycosaminoglycan that lacks anticoagulant activity. (nsf.gov)
The heparan sulfate purified from engineered cells grown in chemically defined medium has anticoagulant potency that exceeds porcinederived heparin and confers anticoagulant activity to the blood of healthy mice. (nsf.gov)
In our body, the heparin compound , Heparan Sulfate is a naturally occurring linear polysaccharide (proteoglycan) found in body tissues such as the liver, lung, mast cells and more. (momentumhealth.net)

No fatal bleeding or cerebral bleeding occurred in patients receiving heparin plus alteplase. (nih.gov)
Unfortunately, up to 5% of patients receiving heparin develop an allergic reaction that can quickly become life-threatening. (machaondiagnostics.com)

Patients with acute pulmonary embolism and no contraindication to anticoagulant therapy were randomly assigned - by card draw no less, demonstrating how far trial randomization has come in subsequent years - to receive anticoagulation with heparin and the coumarin-derivative acenocoumarol, or no anticoagulant. (nature.com)

Aside from its anticoagulant action, heparin binds to various growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteins and consequently is able to affect migration of cancer cells and angiogenesis in tumors. (hindawi.com)
On a scale measuring the ties between two molecules, the study finds heparin binds to SARS-CoV-2 at 73 picomoles. (studyfinds.org)

their cardiovascular disease by in-vivo administration of low dose heparin . (bvsalud.org)
And history of recurrent miscarriage associated with auto antibodies have had a high rate of life births in subsequent pregnancies when they were treated with low dose aspirin together with low dose heparin . (bvsalud.org)

The hospital routine of giving patients the drug heparin as a just in case precaution against fatal pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lung) is of no benefit, researchers have discovered. (healthy.net)
A new study finds the common drug heparin actually decoys coronavirus and can keep it from making you sick. (studyfinds.org)

In blinded laboratory tests, the contaminated heparin activated the biological pathways, while normal heparin did not. (yourlawyer.com)

The replicate testing results were performed with dimethylsulfoxide (67685) (DMSO) at 3 to 5microl/g, 2-ethoxyethanol (110805) (EEt) at 10 and 15microl/g, and sodium-heparin (9005496) at 1000 units (solution)/g media, 750 units/g, or 5 and 10mg/g. (cdc.gov)
While sodium-heparin caused numerous bristle defects at high concentrations, no dose response relationship could be derived from the data. (cdc.gov)

Patients with persistent HIT antibodies who require cardiac surgery should not receive heparin. (medscape.com)
The patients were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive heparin plus 100 mg of alteplase or heparin plus placebo over a period of two hours. (nih.gov)
Of 256 patients enrolled, 118 were randomly assigned to receive heparin plus alteplase and 138 to receive heparin plus placebo. (nih.gov)

Heparin is used to prevent blood clots from forming in people who have certain medical conditions or who are undergoing certain medical procedures that increase the chance that clots will form. (medlineplus.gov)
Heparin is also used in small amounts to prevent blood clots from forming in catheters (small plastic tubes through which medication can be administered or blood drawn) that are left in veins over a period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
When heparin is used to prevent blood clots from forming in intravenous catheters, it is usually used when the catheter is first put in place, and every time that blood is drawn out of the catheter or medication is given through the catheter. (medlineplus.gov)
Heparin is also used to treat blood clots when they do form, helping prevent the clot from increasing in size and preventing additional clots from occurring. (verywellhealth.com)
Heparin is often given after surgery, particularly in patients who will remain hospitalized for several days after surgery, to prevent blood clots from forming. (verywellhealth.com)
Usually, the anticoagulant drug called heparin is used to treat blood clots. (cdc.gov)

Type 1 HIT is a nonimmune disorder that results from the direct effect of heparin on platelet activation. (medscape.com)
The antibodies bind to the PF4-heparin complexes on the platelet surface and induce platelet activation by cross-linking FcγIIA receptors. (medscape.com)
A positive heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) test in at least three of four donor platelets. (mdcalc.com)

Heparin and aspirin are widely used in the United States to treat women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and APA. (cdc.gov)
Aspirin alone or in combination with heparin was equally efficacious in women with antiphospholipid syndrome and recurrent miscarriage. (who.int)
In Fontan patients, recurrent systemic anticoagulation, traditionally with heparin, is used to alleviate the thrombotic complications that may occur postoperatively when the venous pressure rises and the systemic venous flow into the pulmonary arteries becomes sluggish, putting them at increased risk. (techscience.com)

The IV heparin recommended by Peter F. Cohn, MD, as bridging therapy when warfarin has to be stopped in a pa-tient with an artificial heart valve ( Item 99-12 ) requires a long hospital stay. (clinicaladvisor.com)
This often will be quite prolonged in heparin, warfarin, or in patients not able to make factors II, VII, IX, and X. (criticalcarenow.com)

While thrombolytic therapy is used for patients presenting with STEMI, safety and efficacy of bivalirudin during PCI in these patients has not been established, said Gabriel Sardi, MD, and colleagues from Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, in explaining their rationale for the study, which compared use of intraprocedural unfractionated heparin and bivalirudin on in-hospital bleeding and ischemic events. (empr.com)
Data for 47 patients (45%) treated with bivalirudin and 57 patients (55%) treated with unfractionated heparin were analyzed. (empr.com)
The primary composite outcome occurred more frequently in patients receiving unfractionated heparin, reaching borderline statistical significance (6.4% for bivalirudin and 21.1% for unfractionated heparin, P =0.03). (empr.com)

Heparin, a highly sulfated proteoglycan, has been extensively used as an anticoagulant drug for a long time. (hindawi.com)
RS inhibition of the interaction of heparin, a highly sulfated HS, with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (from wild type and different mutant variants) was studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). (nsf.gov)

Type 1 HIT presents within the first 2 days after exposure to heparin, and the platelet count normalizes with continued heparin therapy. (medscape.com)
Type 2 HIT is an immune-mediated disorder that typically occurs 4-10 days after exposure to heparin and has life- and limb-threatening thrombotic complications. (medscape.com)
These antibodies activate platelets even in the absence of heparin, thus explaining delayed-onset HIT, persistent HIT (in which recovery takes several weeks), spontaneous HIT syndrome (which resembles HIT clinically and serologically but occurs without proximate heparin exposure), and fondaparinux-associated HIT. (medscape.com)
[ 42 ] An order to simply "discontinue heparin" may not necessarily prevent heparin exposure, because unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used to flush catheters. (medscape.com)
IVIG has also been used to prevent acute HIT when re-exposure to heparin is planned in antibody-positive patients. (medscape.com)
The risk for HIT correlates with the cumulative dosage of heparin exposure. (techscience.com)

Zheng and colleagues reported that healthy humans possess preexisting inactive/tolerant PF4/heparin-specific B cells, and that breakdown of tolerance can lead to production of PF4/heparin-specific antibodies. (medscape.com)
Researcher Jonathan Dordick explains heparin not only attracts the virus, but forms even tighter and unbreakable bonds than normal antibodies can. (studyfinds.org)

Aucune différence significative en termes de complications prénatales et maternelles n'a été constatée entre les deux groupes. (who.int)
Heparin has been a traditional adjunctive medical therapy for patients undergoing coronary angioplasty and has been shown to decrease complications after the procedure. (medscape.com)

Heparin is also sometimes used alone or in combination with aspirin to prevent pregnancy loss and other problems in pregnant women who have certain medical conditions and who have experienced these problems in their earlier pregnancies. (medlineplus.gov)
Two recent studies have investigated the role of treating IVF patients with heparin and aspirin to prevent early pregnancy loss. (cdc.gov)
A prospective nonrandomized study did not demonstrate substantially higher pregnancy rates among women with APA undergoing IVF when treated with heparin and aspirin (4). (cdc.gov)
A randomized prospective study investigating the efficacy of heparin and aspirin in women undergoing IVF is under way (4). (cdc.gov)
Why would a patient be put on a combination of coumadin lovenox, aspirin, plavix, heparin? (drugs.com)
Of 64 women, 29 had received aspirin and 35 aspirin plus heparin. (who.int)
The plasma treatment at the different PH with heparin and aspirin in physiological buffers were carried out. (bvsalud.org)
At PH5.0 (i.e. the Uterus physiological PH ) using 100i.u/ml heparin in 0.2M acetate buffer yielded 70 precipitate compared to treatment with 250i.u/ml heparin in 0.2M buffer that yielded 40 precipitate while 100-i.u/ml heparin with 80mg aspirin treatment yielded 65 precipitate in the test group samples that were positive to Anti-TPO. (bvsalud.org)

reported in 1947 that only one death occurred in a cohort of 329 patients with pulmonary embolism who were treated with heparin and dicoumarol. (nature.com)
For these patients, heparin is often given every few hours around the clock, in an effort to reduce the risk of a life-threatening pulmonary embolism , or clot. (verywellhealth.com)

Heparin is a polysaccharide anticoagulant drug isolated from animal tissues. (luc.edu)

It refers to a small amount of heparin or saline solution used to fill the catheter in between IV infusions and to prevent clotting inside the IV device. (english-spanish-translator.org)
China (mainland) Main products of Insung include: 3-Way Stopcock, InfusionSet, Suction Catheter, Heparin Cap and so on. (ttnet.net)
heparin 2500 units per ml as the locking solution for tunneled-cuffed catheter for hemodialysis in end-stage kidney disease patients in every post-dialysis setting and whenever needed for 1 year. (who.int)

In vitro, human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells were treated with N-desulfated heparin in different concentration (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, N-desulfated heparin group), and treated with medium (control group). (hindawi.com)
The potential anticancer activity of heparins is supported by data from in vitro and experimental studies [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated the effect of N-desulfated heparin on bFGF expression, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. (hindawi.com)
In addition, there is in vitro evidence that the large negatively charged sulfated glycosaminoglycans of unfractionated heparin may act as an alternate ligand for the SARS-CoV2 receptor irrespective of ACE2. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In vitro studies of factors potentially affecting Plasmodium falciparum infection (Heparin and anti-P. falciparum immune responses) / Asli Kulane. (who.int)
groups with the treatment of 100iu/ml Heparin in 0.2M acetate buffer gave highest precipitate compared to other treatment in in-vitro study. (bvsalud.org)

The company, Baxter (Deerfield, IL), recalled all lots of the product, heparin, which was ultimately linked to more than 350 serious adverse reactions and several patient deaths. (pharmtech.com)
Baxter International recalled nearly all its heparin injections in the U.S. after some patients experienced extreme - and in some cases fatal - allergic reactions, including difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, excessive sweating, and rapidly falling blood pressure that was life threatening after being administered the products. (yourlawyer.com)
In March, the FDA confirmed that it had found oversulfated chondroitin sulfate in samples of the active ingredient used in Baxter heparin. (yourlawyer.com)
While other heparin makers, like Baxter, scrambled to find out what caused the contamination, APP began ramping up its facilities to produce enough heparin to meet the pending shortage. (pharmexec.com)

There is no oral form of heparin, but some other blood thinners can be given in a tablet form. (verywellhealth.com)

In the secretory granules, tryptase is stored in complex with negatively charged heparin proteoglycans and it is known that heparin is essential for stabilizing the enzymatic activity of tryptase. (slu.se)

Not to be confused with 'heparin lock solution' or 'heparin lock flush solution' which are actually 'soluci n hepar nica' (the first one refers to the adapter and the second one, to the solution to wash it). (english-spanish-translator.org)

INTRODUCTION: Elevated D-dimer is predictor of severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients and heparin use during in hospital stay has been associated to decreased mortality. (bvs.br)

FGFs (Fibroblast Growth Factors) bind to FGF receptors (FGFRs) monovalently, and FGF receptor dimerization and activation is mediated by multivalent interactions between heparin sulfate proteoglycans and FGF. (novusbio.com)

The intravenous infusion of heparin in this family that accusations and delusional ideas brought forth during an otherwise healthy child. (aaan.org)

Heparin Infusion Rate: 25,000 units = 1350 units/hour. (digglicious.com)
In the absence of a heparin infusion, HEPTEM and INTEM will look identical. (criticalcarenow.com)

The incidence of the primary end point was significantly higher in the heparin-plus-placebo group than in the heparin-plus-alteplase group (P=0.006), and the probability of 30-day event-free survival (according to Kaplan-Meier analysis) was higher in the heparin-plus-alteplase group (P=0.005). (nih.gov)
This difference was due to the higher incidence of treatment escalation in the heparin-plus-placebo group (24.6 percent vs. 10.2 percent, P=0.004), since mortality was low in both groups (3.4 percent in the heparin-plus-alteplase group and 2.2 percent in the heparin-plus-placebo group, P=0.71). (nih.gov)

Which heparin should a patient use for acute coronary syndrome? (drugtopics.com)

12 ] has reported that heparin primarily reduces metastatic disease by inhibiting P- and L-selectin interactions. (hindawi.com)

Study authors note that the anticoagulant heparin also has strong has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. (powerpak.com)
Heparin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in addition to its anticoagulation effect, which could play a beneficial role in sepsis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
While heparin has been used almost exclusively as a blood anticoagulant, important literature demonstrates that it also has broad anti-inflammatory activity. (rti.org)
Herein, using low anti-coagulant 2-O, 3-O-desulfated heparin (ODSH), we demonstrate that most of the anti-inflammatory pharmacology of heparin is unrelated to anticoagulant activity. (rti.org)
These results demonstrate that the anticoagulant activity of heparin is distinct from its anti-inflammatory actions and indicate that 2-O and 3-O sulfate groups can be removed to reduce anticoagulant activity of heparin without impairing its anti-inflammatory pharmacology. (rti.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms10

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs132

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment44

Phenomena and Processes33

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care4

Binding of the G domains of laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains and perlecan to heparin, sulfatides, alpha-dystroglycan and several extracellular matrix proteins. (1/6896)

The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 11 recombinant virus-like particles interacts with heparin and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans on human keratinocytes. (2/6896)

Exosites 1 and 2 are essential for protection of fibrin-bound thrombin from heparin-catalyzed inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II. (3/6896)

Orientation of heparin-binding sites in native vitronectin. Analyses of ligand binding to the primary glycosaminoglycan-binding site indicate that putative secondary sites are not functional. (4/6896)

Depolarization-evoked Ca2+ release in a non-excitable cell, the rat megakaryocyte. (5/6896)

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is a heparin-binding protein. (6/6896)

Characterisation of the conformational and quaternary structure-dependent heparin-binding region of bovine seminal plasma protein PDC-109. (7/6896)

Sperm chemotaxis. (8/6896)

Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight

Heparin Antagonists

Heparin Lyase

Heparin Cofactor II

Anticoagulants

Antithrombin III

Antithrombins

Partial Thromboplastin Time

Glycosaminoglycans

Enoxaparin

Whole Blood Coagulation Time

Dalteparin

Dermatan Sulfate

Protamines

Factor Xa

Platelet Factor 4

Hirudins

Thrombin

Fibrinolytic Agents

Blood Coagulation

Polysaccharide-Lyases

Hemorrhage

Thrombophlebitis

Blood Coagulation Tests

Chromatography, Affinity

Heparinoids

Hirudin Therapy

Thrombosis

Oligosaccharides

Chondroitin Sulfates

Protein Binding

Thrombin Time

Binding Sites

Disaccharides

Kinetics

Thromboembolism

Thrombocytopenia

Recombinant Proteins

Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester

Venous Thrombosis

Molecular Sequence Data

Sulfates

Polysaccharides

Pulmonary Embolism

Pipecolic Acids

Injections, Subcutaneous

Iduronic Acid

Amino Acid Sequence

Fibroblast Growth Factor 1

Antithrombin Proteins

Carbohydrate Sequence

Sulfuric Acids

Sepharose

Swine

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Cattle

Molecular Weight

Peptide Fragments

Factor X

Fibrinopeptide A

Cells, Cultured

Lipoprotein Lipase

Serine Proteinase Inhibitors

Flavobacterium

Drug Contamination

Aspirin

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Time Factors

Uronic Acids

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Fibrin

Nitrous Acid

Chromatography, Gel

Infusions, Intravenous

Warfarin

Prothrombin

Binding, Competitive

Surface Plasmon Resonance

Sulfotransferases

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation