Hep g2 cells. Medical search

A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions.

A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.

Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.

Important modulators of the activity of plasminogen activators. The inhibitors belong to the serpin family of proteins and inhibit both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators.

Specific hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductases that utilize the cofactor NAD. In liver enzymes of this class are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.

Devices intended to replace non-functioning organs. They may be temporary or permanent. Since they are intended always to function as the natural organs they are replacing, they should be differentiated from PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS and specific types of prostheses which, though also replacements for body parts, are frequently cosmetic (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) as well as functional (ARTIFICIAL LIMBS).

A C-type lectin that is a cell surface receptor for ASIALOGLYCOPROTEINS. It is found primarily in the LIVER where it mediates the endocytosis of serum glycoproteins.

A ZINC-containing exopeptidase primarily found in SECRETORY VESICLES of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. It catalyzes the cleavage of C-terminal ARGININE or LYSINE residues from polypeptides and is active in processing precursors of PEPTIDE HORMONES and other bioactive peptides.

Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.

A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.

Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.

The mulberry plant family of the order Urticales, subclass Hamamelidae, class Magnoliopsida. They have milky latex and small, petalless male or female flowers.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.

Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.

An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.

Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)

A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.

Endogenous glycoproteins from which SIALIC ACID has been removed by the action of sialidases. They bind tightly to the ASIALOGLYCOPROTEIN RECEPTOR which is located on hepatocyte plasma membranes. After internalization by adsorptive ENDOCYTOSIS they are delivered to LYSOSOMES for degradation. Therefore receptor-mediated clearance of asialoglycoproteins is an important aspect of the turnover of plasma glycoproteins. They are elevated in serum of patients with HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS or HEPATITIS.

Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

An N-acetylglycosamine containing antiviral antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lysosuperificus. It is also active against some bacteria and fungi, because it inhibits the glucosylation of proteins. Tunicamycin is used as tool in the study of microbial biosynthetic mechanisms.

The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.

A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.

An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.

A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Enzymes that act at a free C-terminus of a polypeptide to liberate a single amino acid residue.

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

A tetrameric protein, molecular weight between 50,000 and 70,000, consisting of 4 equal chains, and migrating on electrophoresis in 3 fractions more mobile than serum albumin. Its concentration ranges from 7 to 33 per cent in the serum, but levels decrease in liver disease.

Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.

The fluid inside CELLS.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the A site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.

A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Apoptosis of human hepatoma cell lines induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) correlates with p53 and Smad4 activation. (1/2073)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationships between apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-beta1) and Smad in human hepatoma cell lines. METHODS: Three human hepatic carcinoma cell lines, involving different status of the p53 gene respectively, were used in this study. TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis in hepatic carcinoma cell lines was quantitated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. For identification of the mechanism of apoptosis induced by TGF-beta1, these cell lines were transfected with a TGF-beta1-inducible luciferase reporter plasmid containing Smad binding elements (SBE) and luciferase gene using LF2000, then were treated with TGF-beta1. Relative luciferase activity was assayed respectively. RESULTS: Among three cell lines studied with TUNEL assay, addition of TGF-beta1 induced apoptosis only in HepG2 cells (wild type p53). In contrast, Huh-7 (mutant p53) and Hep3B (deleted p53) cell lines lacked apoptosis. The detection of luciferase activity indicated that HepG2 cells dramatically increased the response to TGF-beta1 induction, Huh-7 and Hep3B cell lines significantly lowered luciferase expression. CONCLUSION: HepG2 cells were highly susceptible to TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis compared with Hep3B and Huh-7 cell lines. Smad4 may be a central mediator of the TGF-beta1 signaling transduction pathway. (+info)

Effect of the venom of the spider Macrothele raveni on the expression of p21 gene in HepG2 cells. (2/2073)

This paper focuses on the effect of the venom of the spider Macrothele raveni on the proliferation of human hepatocelluar carcinoma cell line HepG2 and the related molecular mechanism. XTT test showed that the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro was inhibited by the spider venom (P<0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner. By using flow cytometry, it was found that the spider venom caused selective G(2)/M cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot indicated the expressions of p21 mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells were obviously up-regulated by the spider venom. The venom of the spider Macrothele raveni inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. These results suggest that the possible mechanism of the spider venom is to activate the expressions of p21 gene and protein and to cause selective cell cycle arrest at G(2)/M phase, leading to HepG2 cell apoptosis. (+info)

Host gene expression profiling of dengue virus infection in cell lines and patients. (3/2073)

BACKGROUND: Despite the seriousness of dengue-related disease, with an estimated 50-100 million cases of dengue fever and 250,000-500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome each year, a clear understanding of dengue pathogenesis remains elusive. Because of the lack of a disease model in animals and the complex immune interaction in dengue infection, the study of host response and immunopathogenesis is difficult. The development of genomics technology, microarray and high throughput quantitative PCR have allowed researchers to study gene expression changes on a much broader scale. We therefore used this approach to investigate the host response in dengue virus-infected cell lines and in patients developing dengue fever. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using microarray and high throughput quantitative PCR method to monitor the host response to dengue viral replication in cell line infection models and in dengue patient blood samples, we identified differentially expressed genes along three major pathways; NF-kappaB initiated immune responses, type I interferon (IFN) and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Among the most highly upregulated genes were the chemokines IP-10 and I-TAC, both ligands of the CXCR3 receptor. Increased expression of IP-10 and I-TAC in the peripheral blood of ten patients at the early onset of fever was confirmed by ELISA. A highly upregulated gene in the IFN pathway, viperin, was overexpressed in A549 cells resulting in a significant reduction in viral replication. The upregulation of genes in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway prompted the testing of proteasome inhibitors MG-132 and ALLN, both of which reduced viral replication. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Unbiased gene expression analysis has identified new host genes associated with dengue infection, which we have validated in functional studies. We showed that some parts of the host response can be used as potential biomarkers for the disease while others can be used to control dengue viral replication, thus representing viable targets for drug therapy. (+info)

Structural antitumoral activity relationships of synthetic chalcones. (4/2073)

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Malathion-induced oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. (5/2073)

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The antitumoral effect of Paris Saponin I associated with the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. (6/2073)

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Activation of PXR induces hypercholesterolemia in wild-type and accelerates atherosclerosis in apoE deficient mice. (7/2073)

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Vitamin K2 suppresses proliferation and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating steroid and xenobiotic receptor. (8/2073)

Vitamin K2, known as a cofactor for gamma-carboxylase, also serves as a ligand of a nuclear receptor, Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor (SXR). Several clinical trials revealed that vitamin K2 reduced de novo formation and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To examine the role of SXR in HCC as a receptor activated by vitamin K2, the cells stably overexpressing SXR were established using a HCC cell line, HuH7. Overexpression of SXR resulted in reduced proliferation and motility of the cells. Further suppression of proliferation and motility was observed when SXR overexpressing clones were treated with vitamin K2. These results suggest that the activation of SXR could contribute to tumor suppressive effects of vitamin K2 on HCC cells. (+info)

There are several risk factors for developing HCC, including:

* Cirrhosis, which can be caused by heavy alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis (such as hepatitis B and C), or fatty liver disease
* Family history of liver disease
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
* Diabetes
* Obesity

HCC can be challenging to diagnose, as the symptoms are non-specific and can be similar to those of other conditions. However, some common symptoms of HCC include:

* Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
* Fatigue
* Loss of appetite
* Abdominal pain or discomfort
* Weight loss

If HCC is suspected, a doctor may perform several tests to confirm the diagnosis, including:

* Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, to look for tumors in the liver
* Blood tests to check for liver function and detect certain substances that are produced by the liver
* Biopsy, which involves removing a small sample of tissue from the liver to examine under a microscope

Once HCC is diagnosed, treatment options will depend on several factors, including the stage and location of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and their personal preferences. Treatment options may include:

* Surgery to remove the tumor or parts of the liver
* Ablation, which involves destroying the cancer cells using heat or cold
* Chemoembolization, which involves injecting chemotherapy drugs into the hepatic artery to reach the cancer cells
* Targeted therapy, which uses drugs or other substances to target specific molecules that are involved in the growth and spread of the cancer

Overall, the prognosis for HCC is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 20%. However, early detection and treatment can improve outcomes. It is important for individuals at high risk for HCC to be monitored regularly by a healthcare provider, and to seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms.

Liver neoplasms, also known as liver tumors or hepatic tumors, are abnormal growths of tissue in the liver. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant liver tumors can be primary, meaning they originate in the liver, or metastatic, meaning they spread to the liver from another part of the body.

There are several types of liver neoplasms, including:

1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): This is the most common type of primary liver cancer and arises from the main cells of the liver (hepatocytes). HCC is often associated with cirrhosis and can be caused by viral hepatitis or alcohol abuse.
2. Cholangiocarcinoma: This type of cancer arises from the cells lining the bile ducts within the liver (cholangiocytes). Cholangiocarcinoma is rare and often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
3. Hemangiosarcoma: This is a rare type of cancer that originates in the blood vessels of the liver. It is most commonly seen in dogs but can also occur in humans.
4. Fibromas: These are benign tumors that arise from the connective tissue of the liver (fibrocytes). Fibromas are usually small and do not spread to other parts of the body.
5. Adenomas: These are benign tumors that arise from the glandular cells of the liver (hepatocytes). Adenomas are usually small and do not spread to other parts of the body.

The symptoms of liver neoplasms vary depending on their size, location, and whether they are benign or malignant. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment options for liver neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery may be an option for some patients with small, localized tumors, while others may require chemotherapy or radiation therapy to shrink the tumor before surgery can be performed. In some cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.

Prognosis for liver neoplasms varies depending on the type and stage of the cancer. In general, early detection and treatment improve the prognosis, while advanced-stage disease is associated with a poorer prognosis.

The exact cause of hepatoblastoma is not known, but it is believed to be linked to genetic mutations that occur during fetal development. Children with certain congenital conditions, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, are at higher risk of developing hepatoblastoma. The symptoms of hepatoblastoma can include abdominal pain, weight loss, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), but in many cases, the cancer may not cause any noticeable symptoms until it has reached an advanced stage.

Hepatoblastoma is diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the affected lobe of the liver, followed by chemotherapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, a liver transplant may be necessary if the cancer has spread too far or if the child's liver is not functioning properly. The prognosis for hepatoblastoma depends on several factors, including the stage of the cancer at diagnosis and the effectiveness of treatment. With current treatments, the 5-year survival rate for children with hepatoblastoma is around 70%.

Examples of experimental liver neoplasms include:

1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): This is the most common type of primary liver cancer and can be induced experimentally by injecting carcinogens such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) into the liver tissue of animals.
2. Cholangiocarcinoma: This type of cancer originates in the bile ducts within the liver and can be induced experimentally by injecting chemical carcinogens such as DEN or DMBA into the bile ducts of animals.
3. Hepatoblastoma: This is a rare type of liver cancer that primarily affects children and can be induced experimentally by administering chemotherapy drugs to newborn mice or rats.
4. Metastatic tumors: These are tumors that originate in other parts of the body and spread to the liver through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Experimental models of metastatic tumors can be studied by injecting cancer cells into the liver tissue of animals.

The study of experimental liver neoplasms is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms of liver cancer development and progression, as well as identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. Animal models can be used to test the efficacy of new drugs or therapies before they are tested in humans, which can help to accelerate the development of new treatments for liver cancer.

"Hep G2 [HEPG2] , ATCC". www.atcc.org. Retrieved 2022-03-01. Burmeister AR, Marriott I (2018). "The Interleukin-10 Family of ... T cells, B cells) and non-immune cells (endothelial cells and brain resident glial cells, etc). IL-19 initiates JAK-STAT ... IL-19 administration decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels in HepG2 cells (isolated from a hepatocellular carcinoma ... Although cART therapy can help HIV-infected patients recover CD4+ T cells, there are several factors that affect T cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_19

... in stably transfected Hep G2 cells". Biochemistry. 37 (16): 5417-25. doi:10.1021/bi972761t. PMID 9548923. Brunner C, Lobentanz ... affects its processing and secretion by HepG2 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (50): 32403-10. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.50.32403. PMID ... which attracts inflammatory cells to vessel walls and leads to smooth muscle cell proliferation. Moreover, Lp(a) also is ... Lp(a) is not fully synthesised until the precursor protein is released from the cell, so the slower rate of production for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoprotein(a)

1988). "Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein complementary deoxyribonucleic acid from human HEP G2 hepatoma cells: ... Basal promoter activity in HEP G2 cells depends upon liver factor B1". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (34): 21185-93. doi:10.1016/S0021- ... Binding of this protein prolongs the half-life of the IGFs and alters their interaction with cell surface receptors. Alternate ... 1993). "Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 stimulates cell migration and binds to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGFBP1

Tate SS, Galbraith RA (August 1988). "In vitro translation and processing of human hepatoma cell (Hep G2) gamma-glutamyl ... Several 5' UTR transcript variants of the type I gene have been identified in different tissues and cancer cells. Cluster of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-glutamyltransferase_1

Aldrich Sales Page for Hep G2 ATCC Sales Page for Hep G2 Cellosaurus entry for Hep G2 Hep G2 is a hepatoblastoma-derived cell ... Hep G2 (or HepG2) is a human liver cancer cell line. Hep G2 is an immortal cell line which was derived in 1975 from the liver ... Hep G2 will respond to stimulation with human growth hormone.[citation needed] Hep G2 cells are a suitable in vitro model ... Because of their high degree of morphological and functional differentiation in vitro, Hep G2 cells are a suitable model to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hep_G2

Nyberg, SL; Remmel, RP; Mann, HJ; Peshwa, MV; Hu, WS; Cerra, FB (July 1994). "Primary hepatocytes outperform Hep G2 cells as ... He has authored the books Bioseparations, Cell Culture Technology for Pharmaceutical and Cell-Based Therapies and Cell Culture ... In addition to his work with Chinese hamster ovary cells, his work has enabled the use of process engineering for cell therapy ... "Multipotent adult progenitor cells from bone marrow differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei-Shou_Hu

"Hepatoprotective constituents of the edible brown algaEcklonia stolonifera on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in hep G2 cells". ... of Phlorotannins from Ecklonia stolonifera with Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties in Tacrine-Treated HepG2 Cells". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecklonia_stolonifera

2001). "Bakuchiol: a hepatoprotective compound of Psoralea corylifolia on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells". Planta ... Bakuchiol has been found to possess antiandrogenic activity in prostate cancer cells, which inhibited cell proliferation. ... 2010). "Anti-tumor effects of bakuchiol, an analogue of resveratrol, on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line". European ... 2013). "Bakuchiol inhibits the androgen induced-proliferation of prostate cancer cell line LNCaP through suppression of AR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakuchiol

Shaw MK, Newton RS, Sliskovic DR, Roth BD, Ferguson E, Krause BR (Jul 1990). "Hep-G2 cells and primary rat hepatocytes differ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Roth

In Hep G2 cells, FGF21 is specifically induced by mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) activity. ... "Human HMGCS2 regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and FGF21 expression in HepG2 cell line". The Journal of Biological ... and are released in soluble form to the extracellular space of their producing cells, often to act on distant target cells. ... FGF21 exerts its action by activating FGF21 receptors located in the cell membrane of target cells. Each FGF21 receptor is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF21

"Effect of endogenously produced parathyroid hormone-related peptide on growth of a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2)". ... It is necessary for maintenance of the mammary bud cells. Loss of PTHrP or its receptor causes the mammary bud cells to change ... It is occasionally secreted by cancer cells (for example, breast cancer, certain types of lung cancer including squamous-cell ... In the context of tooth eruption, PTHrP is secreted by the cells of the reduced enamel epithelium. It aids in normal mammary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone-related_protein

... compounds xylarial A and B both have moderate cytotoxic activity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep G2. ... and which has potent anti-tumor effects in various tumor cell lines. Medicinal mushrooms Sundberg W, Bessette A (1987). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylaria_hypoxylon

"ING4 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and enhances the chemosensitivity to DNA-damage agents in HepG2 cells". FEBS Letters. 570 ( ... The protein encoded by this gene is similar to ING1, a tumor suppressor protein that can interact with TP53, inhibit cell ... Molecular Cell. 23 (4): 607-18. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.026. PMID 16916647. Unoki M, Shen JC, Zheng ZM, Harris CC ( ... Cell Cycle. 4 (9): 1153-6. doi:10.4161/cc.4.9.2040. PMID 16096374. Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (September 1996). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ING4

"Bufotalin from Venenum Bufonis inhibits growth of multidrug resistant HepG2 cells through G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis ... Bufotalin induces apoptosis in vitro in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cells and might involve caspases and apoptosis ... "Involvement of Caspases and Apoptosis-Inducing Factor in Bufotalin-Induced Apoptosis of Hep 3B Cells". Journal of Agricultural ... It also arrests cell cycle at G(2)/M, by up- and down- regulation of several enzymes. The mechanism of the biotransformation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufotalin

... induces an oxidative stress-independent growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells through G2/M cell-cycle arrest and ... is via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathways in human hepatoma HepG2 cells ... cellular structures involved in cell-to-cell adhesion, leading to detachment of the tonofilaments that hold cells together. The ... Dorn, D. C.; Kou, C. A.; Png, K. J.; Moore, M. A. S. (2009). "The effect of cantharidins on leukemic stem cells". International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantharidin

When treated with dicycloplatin, some changes in the properties of Hep G2 cells are observed: the declination of Mitochondria ... From the dicycloplatin-treated Hep G2 cell, an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species was detected, which plays an ... November 2012). "Effect of dicycloplatin, a novel platinum chemotherapeutical drug, on inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell ... Similar to carboplatin, dicycloplatin inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicycloplatin

"Extracellular processing of proapolipoprotein A-II in Hep G2 cell cultures is mediated by a 54-kDa protease immunologically ... Stoffel W, Krüger E, Deutzmann R (Mar 1983). "Cell-free translation of human liver apolipoprotein AI and AII mRNA. Processing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_A-II

... inhibits cell growth and induces cell cycle G2/M arrest for hepatoma Hep-G2 cell lines". Mol. Biol. Rep. 30 (4): 249-53. doi: ... GADD45G and GADD45A act redundantly to control cell growth, allow the cells to move from pluripotentcy helping cells ... It acts as a tumor suppressor in HCC cells by promoting cell death or growth arrest. When GADD45G expression is low, liver ... Such stress causes DNA damage to which IM cells respond with cell cycle arrest. All three GADD45 isoforms GADD45A, GADD45B, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GADD45G

... acts in concert with P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 2 in the vectorial transport of Saquinavir in Hep G2 cells ... Cell. Biol. 21 (6): 1973-85. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.6.1973-1985.2001. PMC 86790. PMID 11238933. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse ... doi:10.1002/hep.510260641. PMID 9398014. S2CID 20039812. Kullak-Ublick GA, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, et al. (1995). "Molecular ... 26 (4): 991-7. doi:10.1002/hep.510260429. PMID 9328325. S2CID 43606355. Kullak-Ublick GA, Fisch T, Oswald M, et al. (1998). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solute_carrier_organic_anion_transporter_family_member_1A2

Experiments in vitro show that they have marked anti-cancer activity in Hep G2 cells and that, when given to mice with H22 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearsonothuria

Hep G2). These extracts show promise as cancer medications and warrant further clinical research. Calotropis is a poisonous ... "Cytotoxicity of calotropin is through caspase activation and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins in K562 cells". Cell ... Pollinium one in each cell, pendulous caudicles slender. Carpels 2 distinct, styles 2, united to the single pentagular stigma, ... Although there is some permanent damage to the corneal endothelium with decreased endothelial cell count and irregular shape, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_gigantea

Rhizome Essential Oil Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in the G2/M Phase and Cell Death in HepG2 Cells and Inhibits the Development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustakone

2.4G2)". Hepatology. 22 (1): 316-24. doi:10.1002/hep.1840220143. hdl:10271/1047. PMID 7541388. Hisazumi, J; Kobayashi, N; ... DeLeve, LD (May 2015). "Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in hepatic fibrosis". Hepatology. 61 (5): 1740-6. doi:10.1002/hep. ... The name scavenger endothelial cells (SECs) has been coined to denote the endothelial cells in vertebrates that are geared to ... these specialized endothelial cells are located either in the heart endocardium or in endothelial cells of the kidney ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_sinusoidal_endothelial_cell

The first way NS1 propagates cell death through cytolysis is by interrupting the cell cycle at the S/G2 junction, causing a ... Guill and Perr against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 17: 1-11. Grimm, Stefan; ... causing cell death in cancer cells, but not normal cells. 3) E4orf4 may use oncogenes that have been activated in cancer cells ... specific retinal cells, and smooth muscle cells as well as in certain cancer cells such as renal cancers, neuroblastoma, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticancer_gene

The four major aflatoxins produced are B1, B2, G1, and G2. The production of the major toxins is a result of particular strains ... The absence of any regulation of screening for the fungus in countries that also have a high prevalence of viral hepatitis ... Turkey necropsies showed aflatoxins targeted the liver and either completely killed the tissue cells or induced tumor formation ... In humans, A. flavus aflatoxin production can lead to acute hepatitis, immunosuppression, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_flavus

"Muon g-2 Experiment". Muon-g-2 Fermilab. Retrieved 7 June 2019. "NOvA Experiment". NOvA Experiment Fermilab. Retrieved 7 June ... "HEP Project Status, Mike Procario" (PDF). High Energy Physics Advisory Panel November 1-2, 2021 Agenda. Adrian Cho (March 29, ... Development of 5 Cell Beta=0.9 650 MHz Cavities for Project X (PDF). 27th Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC2014). Geneva, ... Congress increased the annual HEP budget from less than $800 million by about $250M to more than $1 billion-a 30% increase that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermilab

Specifically variants in G1 and G2 of apolipoprotein L1 in the African American have shown increased risk of albuminuria, and ... These include acute tubular necrosis from chronic ischemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy from hepatitis C, ... Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of nephropathy associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a ... The presence of visible blood in the urine without pain occurs with a higher frequency in sickle trait than in sickle cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_nephropathy

Genotoxicity Treatment of human liver cells with aflatoxin B1 at doses that ranged from 3-5 μmol/L resulted in the formation of ... All patients also suffered from hepatitis. Following outbreaks of aflatoxin contamination in maize reaching 4,400 ppb in the ... G1 and G2) to be 15 μg/kg in raw peanuts and 10 μg/kg in processeds peanut; while the tolerance level of aflatoxin B1 alone is ... Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals exposed to aflatoxin, increases with co-infection of hepatitis B virus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

... g-2) Theory Value: Present and Future". arXiv:1311.2198 [hep-ph]. H. Muir (2 July 2003). "Pentaquark discovery confounds ... What keeps the high density of proteins present inside cells from precipitating? Quantum biology: Can coherence be maintained ... arXiv:hep-th/9810221. Bibcode:1998AnP...510..700S. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3889(199812)7:7/8. 3.0.CO;2-K. Charles Fefferman. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics

"INSPIRE-HEP: Farley, Francis James Macdonald". INSPIRE-HEP. Retrieved 13 November 2019. (Articles with short description, Short ... "Muon's (g-2): the obstinate deviation from the Standard Model". CERN Bulletin (49-50). 5 December 2011. "What invention is all ... Farley, F.J.M.; Vij, J.K.; Kocot, A.; Murthy, U.M.S.; Burgess, M. (1991). "Mechanical load cell based on cavity-controlled ... From 1957 at CERN he devised and measured the muon g-2 value, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, in three successive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Farley

... is present throughout cell cycle, but most abundant in G2/M phase cells. NEDD9 is subject to both caspase cleavage and ... doi:10.1002/hep.26029. PMID 22911555. S2CID 9787730. McManus S, Ebert A, Salvagiotto G, Medvedovic J, Sun Q, Tamir I, Jaritz M ... Tikhmyanova N, Tulin AV, Roegiers F, Golemis EA (2010). "Dcas supports cell polarization and cell-cell adhesion complexes in ... points of dialog between the cell cycle and cell attachment signaling networks". Cell Cycle. 5 (4): 384-91. doi:10.4161/cc.5.4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEDD9

arXiv:hep-th/9411193. ISBN 0-9630728-3-8. How to Get A Googolplex Carl Sagan takes questions more from his 'Wonder and ... Examples of large numbers describing everyday real-world objects include: The number of cells in the human body (estimated at ... g2) > (10 → 10 → g2 - 1) > (10 → 10 → 3 → 2) g4 = (3 → 3 → g3) > (10 → 10 → g3 - 1) > (10 → 10 → 4 → 2) ... g9 = (3 → 3 → g8) ... "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463-471. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_numbers

... tend to have occurrences of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Risk allele variants G1 and G2 are associated with chronic ... the transmission of the Hepatitis B virus and human parvovirus B19 from Africa to the Americas was facilitated by Spanish ... tend to have occurrences of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Risk allele variants G1 and G2 are associated with chronic ... tend to have occurrences of sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Amid the Green Sahara in Africa, the mutation for sickle cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_African_diaspora

The pronounced forms of Aflatoxins are those of B1, B2, G1, and G2, amongst which Aflatoxin B1 predominantly targets the liver ... Hepatitis E Norovirus Rotavirus Most foodborne parasites are zoonoses. Platyhelminthes:[citation needed] Diphyllobothrium sp. ... During the incubation period, microbes pass through the stomach into the intestine, attach to the cells lining the intestinal ... Enterovirus Hepatitis A is distinguished from other viral causes by its prolonged (2-6 week) incubation period and its ability ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodborne_illness

Cells may also die as direct consequences of viral infections. HIV-1 expression induces tubular cell G2/M arrest and apoptosis ... The adenovirus E1B-55K protein and the hepatitis B virus HBx protein are examples of viral proteins that can perform such a ... HeLa cells are an immortalized cancer cell line used frequently in research. The cell line was established by removing cells ... leading to cell death. Cell death in organisms is necessary for the normal development of cells and the cell cycle maturation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis

He died, weighing just over six stone, of complications of hepatitis C, which he had also caught from contaminated blood. ... People should be allowed to inhabit a cell, but of their own making." Valentine Cunningham reviewing The Lives of Michel ... G2, Pg. 22. During an episode of The Late Edition filmed in October 2007, Brigstocke was presented with an Out Campaign t-shirt ... on various things and I have now decided that I am as much an atheist as the next rational person with half a brain cell." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_(miscellaneous)

Zhao RY, Elder RT (March 2005). "Viral infections and cell cycle G2/M regulation". Cell Research. 15 (3): 143-149. doi:10.1038/ ... for instance viral hepatitis or COVID-19. For instance, CCL5 level is higher during rejection of renal transplant. Importance ... CCR5 is presented on the surface of T-cells, smooth muscle endothelial cells, epithelial cells, parenchymal cells and other ... It is chemotactic for T cells, eosinophils, and basophils, but also for monocytes, natural-killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL5

Giant cells form when the cell cycle is disrupted and accumulate between the G2 and M phase. However, syncytia formation is ... 1995). "Hepatitis in Association With Human Herpesvirus-7 Infection". Pediatrics. 96 (4 Pt 1): 783-785. doi:10.1542/peds.96.4. ... To enter CD4+ T cells, HHV-7, unlike HHV-6, uses CD4 and possibly some cell-surface glycoproteins to enter CD4+ T cells. ... T-cell death by two distinct mechanisms: necrotic lysis in productively infected cells and apoptosis in uninfected or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_betaherpesvirus_7

HEp-2 cells are used as a substrate to detect the antibodies in human serum. Microscope slides are coated with HEp-2 cells and ... CENP-F is a 367kDa protein from the nuclear matrix that associates with the kinetochore in late G2 phase during mitosis. CENP-A ... when HEp-2 cells were introduced, animal tissue was used as the standard substrate for immunofluorescence. HEp-2 cells are ... T-cells and B-cells) and antigen presenting cells. These cells coordinate an immune response upon the detection of foreign ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear_antibody

As a result, an orderly motion of the mass develops into thermal cells that carry the majority of the heat outward to the Sun's ... The Sun is a G2V star, with G2 indicating its surface temperature of approximately 5,778 K (5,505 °C; 9,941 °F), and V that it ... arXiv:hep-ph/0102063. Bibcode:2001PhRvD..64a3009S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.64.013009. S2CID 117848623. Charbonneau, P. (2014). " ... The Sun's thermal columns are Bénard cells and take the shape of roughly hexagonal prisms. The visible surface of the Sun, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

However, it has been shown that the bacteria are taken up by the cancer cells. The infection of these cells in the bladder may ... G2 - Moderately differentiated G3 - Poorly differentiated WHO classification (2004/2016) Papillary lesions Urothelial Papilloma ... granulomatous hepatitis, granulomatous nephritis, interstitial nephritis, infectious vasculitis and disseminated infection. ... They act by inhibiting programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Pembrolizumab and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_cancer

Carcinoma Hepatocelular; Neoplasias Hepáticas; Humanos; Células Hep G2; Timol/farmacologia; Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia; ... HepG2) cell line. The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. We also used the HUVEC cell ... The thymol IC50 dose was found to be 11 µM on HepG2 cell line. This dose had no lethal effect on the healthy HUVEC cell line. ... it increased the TAS level significantly in HepG2 cells compared to control. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in HepG2 ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/controlecancer/resource/pt/mdl-37542527

In one experiment, the human hepatoma cell (HepG2) is treated with the EBH. The results showed that the viability of the cells ... M. B. Ujiki, X.-Z. Ding, M. R. Salabat et al., "Apigenin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation through G2/M cell cycle ... Uncontrolled cell proliferation had caused the cancer cells to increase at a faster rate; therefore, if the uncontrolled cell ... M.-S. Weng, Y.-S. Ho, and J.-K. Lin, "Chrysin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells through inducing p21 Waf1/ ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aps/2018/6179596/

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, Hep G2, and BaF3 cells using Rab11FIP1 (D9D8P) Rabbit mAb.. Show Less Show More ... Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, Hep G2, and BaF3 cells using Rab11FIP1 (D9D8P) Rabbit mAb.. ... Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of A549 (left) and Hep G2 (right) cells using IQGAP1 (D8K4X) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Blue ... Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of A549 (left) and Hep G2 (right) cells using IQGAP1 (D8K4X) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Blue ...

https://www.cellsignal.com/products/primary-antibodies/microglia-lps-related-module-antibody-sampler-kit/36422?N=102236+123401776+4294956287&Nrpp=30&No=120&fromPage=plp

Lane 1: Wild type HAP1 whole cell lysate (20 µg). Lane 2: APP knockout HAP1 whole cell lysate (20 µg). Lane 3: HepG2 whole cell ... in dividing cells by Cdc2 kinase in a cell-cycle dependent manner with maximal levels at the G2/M phase and, in vitro, by GSK-3 ... Lane 1 : SH-SY5Y cell lysate. Lane 2 : 293T cell lysate. Lane 3 : U-87 MG cell lysate. Lane 4 : Neuro 2a cell lysate. Lane 5 : ... Cell lines and Lysates. Multiplex miRNA assays. Multiplex Assays. By research area. Cancer. Cardiovascular. Cell Biology. ...

https://www.abcam.com/products/primary-antibodies/amyloid-precursor-protein-antibody-epr5118-34-ab126732.html

Cell, Hep G2 Cell, HepG2 Cells, Hep G2 Cells, HepG2 Hep G2 Cell Hep G2 Cell Line HepG2 Cell HepG2 Cells Hepatoblastoma G2 Cell ... Cell Line, Hep G2. Cell Line, Hepatoblastoma G2. Cell, Hep G2. Cell, HepG2. Cells, Hep G2. Cells, HepG2. Hep G2 Cell. Hep G2 ... Hep G2 Cells Entry term(s). Cell Line, Hep G2 Cell Line, Hepatoblastoma G2 ... Hep G2 Cells - Preferred Concept UI. M0533517. Scope note. A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver- ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=53423

Células Hep G2. Hep G2 Cells. Células Hep G2. Células Intersticiais de Cajal. Interstitial Cells of Cajal. Células ... Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss. Pérdida de Celulas Endoteliales de la Córnea. Prolapso de Órgão Pélvico. Pelvic Organ Prolapse. ... Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss. Pérdida de Celulas Endoteliales de la Córnea. Perfuração da Córnea. Corneal Perforation. ... Germ Cells, Plant. Células Germinativas de las Plantas. ... Ciclina G2. Cyclin G2. Ciclina G2. Ciclina H. Cyclin H. Ciclina ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/new_2010.htm

Red blood cell count (RBC) (1) 0 Red blood cell distribution width 0 % White blood cell count (WBC) (1) 0 Hepatitis profile ... G2 Glucose (second venipuncture) SG Glucose (from biochemistry profile) GH Glycated hemoglobin GR Granulocyte C3 HCO3 ( ... Vitamin C Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Hepatitis B/delta Hepatitis B/delta Hepatitis C Hepatitis C Hepatitis E Hepatitis E Rubella ( ... white and platelet cell counts, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, red cell ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/sci_data/surveys/hanes/hanes3/type_txt/lab.asp

https://decs2012.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

FSGS occurring in a subject with known sickle cell disease. • Known genetic mutation other than APOL1 G1 or G2 that is ... 8. Positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, or positive HIV test during screening. 9. ... 3. Subject has an APOL1 genotype of G1/G1, G2/G2, or G1/G2 obtained with a Vertex designated investigational clinical study ... Cancer, except for squamous cell skin cancer, basal cell skin cancer, and Stage 0 cervical carcinoma in situ (each being ...

https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=EUCTR2021-004762-35-PT

Modeling the functional state of the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus and its application to probing drug-protein ... Effects of PCB126 and PCB153 on telomerase activity and telomere length in undifferentiated and differentiated HL-60 cells. ... of Chimeric Infectious Junin/Lassa Virus Is Dependent on Interaction of Homologous Glycoprotein Stable Signal Peptide and G2 ... Potential Inhibitory Influence of miRNA 210 on Regulatory T Cells during Epicutaneous Chemical Sensitization. Carrie Mae Long, ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/genomics/2021/10/18/the-science-of-gene-environment/

Characteristics may include advanced donor age, prior infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C, hypertension or diabetes ... Since the cells cannot take in the glucose, it builds up in the blood. High levels of blood glucose can damage the tiny blood ... Two variants of the gene, G1 and G2, are considered risk alleles and are associated with increased risk of CKD; these variants ... Cells need insulin, a hormone, in your bloodstream in order to take in the glucose and use it for energy. With diabetes ...

https://nccd.cdc.gov/CKD/Help.aspx?section=G

Hepatitis B virus elimination status and strategies in circumpolar countries, 2020 Haering C , McMahon B , Harris A , Weis N , ... However, since susceptibility in bioassays was not restored in most sites following pre-exposure to PBO, Interceptor G2 may be ... The Ad-based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses ... Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) established a goal to ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/cdcSCFinder.action?Mysubmit=archive&date=11/03/2021

Hep G2 cells are reliable for the study of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effect of an ... induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. PTAE (0.01-1 mic … ... A human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2 cells are reliable for the ... Inhibitory effect of interleukin-1alpha-induced apoptosis by Polygala tenuifolia in Hep G2 cells H N Koo 1 , H J Jeong, K R Kim ... Inhibitory effect of interleukin-1alpha-induced apoptosis by Polygala tenuifolia in Hep G2 cells H N Koo et al. Immunopharmacol ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10946830/

Hep G2. Human. Liver hepatocellular carcinoma. +. +. 23, 23, 20. Huh-7†. Human. Liver hepatocellular carcinoma. +. +. 15, 15, ... Susceptibility of cells to SARS-CoV*. Cell line. Species of origin. Cell type. CPE. IDFA. Quantitative PCR Ct (days 4, 7, and ... These cell lines were tested as part of another study (14), and the results confirmed as part of this study. ... SARS-associated Coronavirus Replication in Cell Lines Matthew Kaye*. , Julian Druce*, Thomas Tran*, Renata Kostecki*, Doris ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/1/05-0496-t1.htm

Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver/drug effects*; Liver/metabolism; Macrolides/adverse effects*; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & ... MeSH Terms: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects*; CHO Cells; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors; Carrier ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=3891874

and its expression in Hep G2 cells].. Jin WD; Chen LH; Mu F. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao; 2005 Mar; 25(3):308-12. PubMed ID: ... Adenovirus-mediated antisense HSP70 cDNA transfection inhibits the growth of laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cells].. Wang XX; Yao XB ... 7. [Construction of recombinant adenovirus vector of hNRAGE gene and its effect on cell cycle of 293 cells].. Zhou LH; Xue B; ... Inhibitory effects of ODC and AdoMetDC bi-antisense virus on the growth and invasion of lung cancer cell A-549].. Sun DF; Tian ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=18430370&mod=related&page=1&from=&outid=&proj=

Aloe-emodin induced in vitro G2/M arrest of cell cycle in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2004;42: ... Liu, J. B., Gao, X. G., Lian, T., Zhao, A. Z., and Li, K. Z. [Apoptosis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells induced by emodin in ... Lee, H. Z. Effects and mechanisms of emodin on cell death in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Pharmacol 2001;134:11-20 ... Effects and mechanisms of aloe-emodin on cell death in human lung squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 11-23-2001;431:287- ...

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/773.html

Three cell lines were tested: Vero E6 (African green monkey kidney, ATCC CRL-1586), Hep G2 (human hepatoma, ATCC HB-8065), and ... lack of activity may be caused by poor phosphorylation in Vero E6 cells (6). Therefore, we also assessed HepG2 cells and ... Antiviral agents in hepatitis B virus transfected cell lines: inhibitory and cytotoxic effect related to time of treatment. J ... Cells were treated with compounds in 3-, 4-, or 8- point dose response curves with 2-fold dilutions starting at 80 µmol/L or ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/21/3/14-1862_article

https://decs2011.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2015.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

Hep G2 Cells. Células Hep G2. Células Hep G2. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas. Células ... A11 - Cells. Germ Cells, Plant. Células Germinativas Vegetais. Células Germinativas de las Plantas. ... Germ Cells, Plant. Células Germinativas Vegetais. Células Germinativas de las Plantas. Inflorescence. Inflorescência. ... Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss. Perda de Células Endoteliais da Córnea. Pérdida de Celulas Endoteliales de la Córnea. ...

https://decs2010.bvsalud.org/I/new_2010.htm

https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/P/new_2010.htm

Continuous cell lines and immune ascitic fluid pools in arbovirus detection.. Res Virol. 1992. ;. 143. :. 417. -. 22. 10.1016/ ... Enzootic hepatitis or Rift Valley fever: an undescribed virus disease of sheep, cattle, and man from east Africa.. J Pathol ... were used to amplify a 809-nt region of the virus M segment region encoding the G2 protein. Primers Wag (nt 4440-4457; 5′- ... Pasteur de Dakar on mosquitoes and serum collected from humans by inoculating the virus into suckling mice and a mosquito cell ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16633/cdc_16633_DS8.txt

Line Flow Control Effect Kidney Gene Human Infection Clinical Virus Cancer Study Entry Main Days

The anticancer effects of thymol on HepG2 cell line. (bvsalud.org)
The present study was designed to evaluate possible cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, oxidant and antioxidant effects of thymol on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line . (bvsalud.org)
The cytotoxic effect of thymol on HepG2 cell line was determined by XTT test. (bvsalud.org)
We also used the HUVEC cell line to show whether thymol damages healthy cells . (bvsalud.org)
The thymol IC50 dose was found to be 11 µM on HepG2 cell line. (bvsalud.org)
This dose had no lethal effect on the healthy HUVEC cell line. (bvsalud.org)
Our results suggest that thymol decreases oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line, but it induces apoptosis and genotoxicity . (bvsalud.org)
Using the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2, we have studied a possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) activity for regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) production. (ox.ac.uk)
Flow cytometric analysis of Raw 264.7 cells using IKKε (D61F9) XP ® Rabbit mAb (solid line) compared to concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control #3900 (dashed line). (cellsignal.com)
A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions. (nih.gov)

Apoptosis of cells was detected in flow cytometry with Annexin V apoptosis kit. (bvsalud.org)
Flow cytometric analysis of Daudi cells (blue) and MJ cells (green) using Lamin A/C (4C11) Mouse mAb (solid lines) or concentration-matched Mouse (G3A1) mAb IgG1 Isotype Control #5415 (dashed lines). (cellsignal.com)
Flow cytometric analysis of fixed and permeabilized Jurkat cells using Integrin α4 (D2E1) XP ® Rabbit mAb (blue) compared to concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control #3900 (red). (cellsignal.com)

While thymol significantly decreased the TOS level, it increased the TAS level significantly in HepG2 cells compared to control. (bvsalud.org)
Western blot analysis of extracts from control HeLa cells (lane 1) or HeLa cells with an apparent in-frame truncation mutation in the gene encoding LMNA (lane 2) using Lamin A/C (4C11) Mouse mAb #4777 (upper) or α-actinin (D6F6) XP ® Rabbit mAb #6487 (lower). (cellsignal.com)
Immunoprecipitation of Rab11FIP1 from HeLa cell extracts using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP ® Isotype Control #3900 (lane 2) or Rab11FIP1 (D9D8P) Rabbit mAb (lane 3). (cellsignal.com)

A 24-h preincubation of the cells with PMA (100 nM) virtually blunted the effect of hypoxia on EPO formation. (ox.ac.uk)

Three cell lines were tested: Vero E6 (African green monkey kidney, ATCC CRL-1586), Hep G2 (human hepatoma, ATCC HB-8065), and human monocyte-derived macrophages. (cdc.gov)

3. Adenovirus-mediated expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene induces S-phase arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. (nih.gov)
7. [Construction of recombinant adenovirus vector of hNRAGE gene and its effect on cell cycle of 293 cells]. (nih.gov)
9. Two active copies of the X-linked gene spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) in a female lung cancer cell line are associated with an increase in sensitivity to an antitumor polyamine analogue. (nih.gov)
12. Expression of a recombinant vector of a mutant human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene in human bladder cancer cell line T24, and its clinical significance. (nih.gov)

A human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2 cells are reliable for the study of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity. (nih.gov)
5. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase transient overexpression restores sensitivity of resistant human ovarian cancer cells to N1,N12-bis(ethyl)spermine and to cisplatin. (nih.gov)
A human liver tumor cell line used to study a variety of liver-specific metabolic functions. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, we also assessed HepG2 cells and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages sensitive to EBOV infection. (cdc.gov)

The activity of lamivudine against EBOV infection was evaluated in a cell-based ELISA with 1995 isolate EBOV H. sapiens -tc/COD/1995/Kikwit (EBOV/Kik) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a positive control for activity against EBOV and tested at 2-fold dilutions starting at 25 µmol/L. One hour after drug addition, the cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 0.5 or 1 with EBOV/Kik. (cdc.gov)
At 48 hours after infection, cells were formalin-fixed and stained with a primary antibody against EBOV (antibodies against viral matrix protein or glycoprotein) and a secondary antibody (Alexa-488 or horseradish peroxidase). (cdc.gov)
Chronic hepatitis B infection, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to aflatoxins is fundamental in the formation of HCC in developing countries. (who.int)

3. Subject has an APOL1 genotype of G1/G1, G2/G2, or G1/G2 obtained with a Vertex designated investigational clinical study assay. (who.int)

Entry of tiger frog virus (an Iridovirus) into HepG2 cells via a pH-dependent, atypical, caveola-mediated endocytosis pathway. (bvsalud.org)
This atypical caveola -mediated endocytosis is different from the clathrin -mediated endocytosis of frog virus 3 (FV3) by BHK cells , which has been recognized as a model for iridoviruses . (bvsalud.org)
16. [Inhibitory effects of ODC and AdoMetDC bi-antisense virus on the growth and invasion of lung cancer cell A-549]. (nih.gov)
Lamivudine is a nucleoside analog reverse transcription inhibitor of HIV and hepatitis B virus that acts as a synthetic cytidine analog. (cdc.gov)
L'infection chronique par l'hépatite B, causée par le virus de l'hépatite B (VHB) et l'exposition aux aflatoxines est fondamentale dans la formation du CHC dans les pays en développement. (who.int)
Cette revue de publications scientifiques vise à établir les effets néfastes des aliments contaminés par l'aflatoxine et met en évidence la corrélation entre l'aflatoxine et le carcinome hépatocellulaire associé au virus de l'hépatite B. La recherche a montré une augmentation significative de la survenue de CHC chez les personnes infectées par le VHB exposées à des toxines fongiques. (who.int)

1. Adenovirus-mediated expression of SSAT inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. (nih.gov)
2. Adenovirus-mediated expression of both antisense ODC and AdoMetDC inhibited colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro. (nih.gov)
17. Polyamine catabolism in colorectal cancer cells following treatment with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and N1, N11 diethylnorspermine. (nih.gov)

These cell lines were tested as part of another study ( 14 ), and the results confirmed as part of this study. (cdc.gov)

To explore the cellular entry mechanism of TFV, HepG2 cells were treated with drugs that inhibit the main endocytic pathways. (bvsalud.org)

A condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells which are the main transporters of oxygen to organs causing symptoms like fatigue. (cdc.gov)

Macrophages were generated by treating CD14 + cells for 7 days with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and conditioned medium. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy10

Organisms1

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes24

Information Science3

Apoptosis of human hepatoma cell lines induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) correlates with p53 and Smad4 activation. (1/2073)

Effect of the venom of the spider Macrothele raveni on the expression of p21 gene in HepG2 cells. (2/2073)

Host gene expression profiling of dengue virus infection in cell lines and patients. (3/2073)

Structural antitumoral activity relationships of synthetic chalcones. (4/2073)

Malathion-induced oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. (5/2073)

The antitumoral effect of Paris Saponin I associated with the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. (6/2073)

Activation of PXR induces hypercholesterolemia in wild-type and accelerates atherosclerosis in apoE deficient mice. (7/2073)

Vitamin K2 suppresses proliferation and motility of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating steroid and xenobiotic receptor. (8/2073)

No images available that match "hep g2 cells"

Hep G2 Cells

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Liver Neoplasms

Hempa

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Propyl Gallate

Emetics

Plasminogen Inactivators

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-Reductases, NADP-dependent

Cell Line

Lovastatin

Liver

Apolipoprotein A-I

Artificial Organs

Asialoglycoprotein Receptor

Carboxypeptidase H

Receptors, LDL

Hepatoblastoma

Liver Neoplasms, Experimental

Organosilicon Compounds

RNA, Messenger

Oxaloacetic Acid

Moraceae

Lipoproteins, LDL

Apolipoproteins A

Oleic Acid

Apolipoproteins B

Hydroxycholesterols

Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases

Mevalonic Acid

Cholesterol

Kinetics

Immunosorbent Techniques

Primaquine

Lipoproteins, HDL

Phenylenediamines

Oleic Acids

Asialoglycoproteins

Cycloheximide

Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional

Tunicamycin

Apolipoprotein A-II

Blotting, Northern

Transfection

Albumins

Chenodeoxycholic Acid

Transcription, Genetic

Vitamin K

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1

Apolipoprotein B-100

Base Sequence

Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Biological Transport

Molecular Sequence Data

Gene Expression Regulation

Glycoproteins

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Molecular Weight

Anticholesteremic Agents

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Carboxypeptidases

Lipoproteins

Prealbumin

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Bile Acids and Salts

Fucose

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase

DNA

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases

Intracellular Fluid

Chromatography, Affinity

Methionine

Fibrinogen

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Cell Line, Tumor

Endocytosis

Apolipoproteins

Lipoproteins, VLDL