Hemoglobin E
Hemoglobins, Abnormal
Hemoglobinuria
Hemoglobinopathies
Hemoglobins
beta-Thalassemia
Hemoglobin A2
Thalassemia
alpha-Thalassemia
Fetal Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin A
Thailand
Heterozygote
Asia, Southeastern
Haemoglobin E Saskatoon beta 22 Glu replaced by Lys in the Shetland Islands. (1/93)
A survey of blood samples from the inhabitants of the Shetland Islands has revealed the presence of a variant haemoglobin in 1 individual out of the 345 tested. The rariant haemoglobin accounted for 46% of the total haemoglobin. Tryptic digestion and amino acid analysis indicated that the variant haemoglobin was caused by the substitution of a glutamic acid residue at position 22 in the beta chain by a lysine residue. This is the same amino acid substituion as found in haemoglobin E Saskatoon. (+info)Influence of hemoglobin E trait on the antimalarial effect of artemisinin derivatives. (2/93)
To determine whether hemoglobin E trait influences the antimalarial effect of artemisinin derivatives, we retrospectively compared 32 case patients with hemoglobin E trait to 32 control patients who did not have hemoglobin E, beta-thalassemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, or alpha-thalassemia trait on the basis of a mean corpuscular volume > or =78 femtoliters. All patients were admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok, Thailand, with acute falciparum malaria. Control patients were matched to case patients with hemoglobin E trait by treatment with artemisinin derivatives versus other antimalarial drugs, by ethnic group, and by parasite count. Among 38 patients treated with artemisinin derivatives, the presence of hemoglobin E trait was associated with significantly faster parasite clearance (2.9-fold; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-6.3; P=.006). Among 26 patients treated only with other antimalarial drugs, hemoglobin E trait did not significantly enhance parasite clearance (hazards ratio, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.5-2.5; P=. 8). Hemoglobin E trait may potentiate the antimalarial effect of artemisinin derivatives. (+info)A correlation of erythrokinetics, ineffective erythropoiesis, and erythroid precursor apoptosis in thai patients with thalassemia. (3/93)
The variety of patients with thalassemia in Thailand offers an opportunity to fully characterize the kinetic causes of the anemia and to study apoptosis of marrow erythroid precursors as a possible factor contributing to its severity. Kinetic studies showed that in hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, the extent of hemolysis, as well as the minimally ineffective erythropoiesis, usually falls within the compensatory capacity of normal erythropoiesis; therefore, anemia in patients with HbH partly represents a failure to expand erythropoiesis adequately. Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS), a common variant of alpha thalassemia in Bangkok, causes more severe hemolysis and a distinct increase in ineffective erythropoiesis. Ineffective erythropoiesis plays a much more prominent role in beta thalassemia/hemoglobin E (beta-thal/HbE) disease, in which the variability of the anemia is puzzling. We compared mild and severe cases and found that patients with severe disease had a maximal marrow erythropoietic response that failed to compensate for very short survival of red blood cells and a marked quantitative increase in ineffective erythropoiesis. Analysis of apoptosis of marrow erythroid precursors done both on shipped samples and in Bangkok showed a moderate increase in HbH disease, consistent with the small increase in ineffective erythropoiesis. In patients with homozygous HbCS, there was a further increase in apoptosis, consistent with the additional increase in ineffective erythropoiesis. Patients with beta-thal/HbE disease had the most ineffective erythropoiesis and the most erythroid apoptosis. Thus, it appears that alpha-chain deposition in erythroid precursors, either alpha(A) or alpha(cs), leads to accelerated apoptosis and ineffective erythropoiesis. (+info)Alloimmunization and erythrocyte autoimmunization in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients of predominantly asian descent. (4/93)
The development of hemolytic alloantibodies and erythrocyte autoantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. The frequency, causes, and prevention of this phenomena among 64 transfused thalassemia patients (75% Asian) were evaluated. The effect of red blood cell (RBC) phenotypic differences between donors (mostly white) and Asian recipients on the frequency of alloimmunization was determined. Additional transfusion and patient immune factors were examined. 14 (22%) of 64 patients (75% Asian) became alloimmunized. A mismatched RBC phenotype between the white population, comprising the majority of the donor pool, and that of the Asian recipients, was found for K, c, S, and Fyb antigens, which accounts for 38% of the alloantibodies among Asian patients. Patients who had a splenectomy had a higher rate of alloimmunization than patients who did not have a splenectomy (36% vs 12.8%; P =.06). Erythrocyte autoantibodies, as determined by a positive Coombs test, developed in 25% or 16 of the 64 patients, thereby causing severe hemolytic anemia in 3 of 16 patients. Of these 16, 11 antibodies were typed immunoglobulin G [IgG], and 5 were typed IgM. Autoimmunization was associated with alloimmunization and with the absence of spleen (44% and 56%, respectively). Transfused RBCs had abnormal deformability profiles, more prominent in the patients without a spleen, which possibly stimulated antibody production. Transfusion of phenotypically matched blood for the Rh and Kell (leukodepleted in 92%) systems compared to blood phenotypically matched for the standard ABO-D system (leukodepleted in 60%) proved to be effective in preventing alloimmunization (2.8% vs 33%; P =.0005). Alloimmunization and autoimmunization are common, serious complications in Asian thalassemia patients, who are affected by donor-recipient RBC antigen mismatch and immunological factors. (+info)Effect of hemoglobin E on glycosylated hemoglobin determinations using different commercial kits. (5/93)
The effect of HbE, a hemoglobin variant, on the determination of HbA1/HbA1c using 4 commercial kits based on cation-exchange resin, cation-exchange column chromatography and specific antibody techniques was studied. Fifty-eight normal and 63 HbE heterozygous subjects were tested for HbA1 and HbA1c using 4 commercial kits i.e. Eagles Diagnostics, Boehringer Mannehim (BM), Diastat and Ames DCA 2000. Analyses of the samples by the 4 kits were done within one week and samples were stored at 4 degrees C before analysis. The results showed that HbE affects the determination of glycosylated hemoglobin using cation-exchange based and not kits based on specific antibody techniques. (+info)Clinical and hematologic features of beta0-thalassemia (frameshift 41/42 mutation) in Thai patients. (6/93)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Frameshift 41/42 mutation is the most common mutation of beta0-thalassemia found in Thailand. We studied clinical and hematologic features in 84 patients and relatives with frameshift 41/42 to determine whether it is possible to predict phenotypic severity from genetic factors. DESIGN AND METHODS: The clinical phenotypes and hematologic data of Thai patients with frameshift 41/42 were studied. Alpha-thalassemia, Hb Constant Spring (HbCS) genes and the presence of Xmnl-Ggamma polymorphism were studied in patients who had mild symptoms. RESULTS: Homozygotes for frameshift 41/42 and compound heterozygotes for frameshift 41/42 and beta0-thalassemia produced severe symptoms and have a thalassemia major phenotype. Combination of frameshift 41/42 and beta0-thalassemia or Hb E produced mild to moderate symptoms with thalassemia intermedia phenotype and severe symptoms with thalassemia major phenotype. The co-inheritance of beta-thalassemia or HbCS gene or the presence of Xmnl-Ggamma polymorphism was not associated with mild disease in patients with frameshift 41/42 and HbE. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The clinical phenotype of homozygotes for frameshift 41/42 and compound heterozygotes for frameshift 41/42 and beta0-thalassemia could be used to predict a severe phenotype with thalassemia major. However, the clinical phenotype of compound heterozygotes of frameshift 41/42 and beta0-thalassemia or Hb E were variable and could not be accurately predicted. Associations between concomitant alpha-thalassemia or HbCS of the presence of Xmnl-Ggamma polymorphism and a mild clinical phenotype are not apparent, indicating the involvement of other ameliorating determinants or genetic modifications. (+info)Should we screen for globin gene mutations in blood samples with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) greater than 80 fL in areas with a high prevalence of thalassaemia? (7/93)
AIMS: To investigate whether it is worthwhile, in areas where thalassaemia is common, to screen for globin gene mutations in subjects with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) above 80 fL, especially in partners of known thalassaemia carriers. METHODS: Blood samples from 95 subjects with MCV between 80 and 85 fL were screened for the presence of alpha globin gene mutations and the haemoglobin (Hb) E mutation. RESULTS: Thirty four subjects harboured globin gene mutations. Of these, 31 had deletions of one alpha globin gene, one had Hb Constant Spring, and three had Hb E mutations. CONCLUSION: Based on the above figures and known prevalence rates of thalassaemia carriers, it would seem worthwhile to screen for globin gene mutations in partners of known thalassaemia carriers, regardless of MCV, to identify pregnancies at risk of Hb H disease or Hb E/beta thalassaemia. (+info)Frequency Distribution and Haplotypic Heterogeneity of beta(E)-Globin Gene among Eight Minority Groups of Northeast Thailand. (8/93)
The frequencies of hemoglobin E and beta(E)-globin gene haplotypes were determined in eight minority groups living in the northeastern part of Thailand. A total of 478 samples of eight minority groups, namely Soui, Thai Khmer, So, Yor, Phuthai, Thai Puan, Thai Loei and Thai Dam, were examined. High prevalences of hemoglobin E (>50%) were observed in Soui, Thai Khmer, So, Yor and Phuthai inhabiting the region near Cambodia and Laos. Thai Puan, Thai Loei, Thai Dam and native Thai living in the same geographical area had prevalences of 42.6, 35.9, 21.4 and 27.9%, respectively. A prevalence of 9.5% was found among the Thai with Chinese background living in the same area. Beta-globin gene haplotypes analysis demonstrated that most of the beta(E)-globin genes in these Thai populations were associated with two haplotypes: (- + - + + + -) and (+ - - - - + -) on chromosomes with framework 2 variety. Some beta(E)-globin genes in Soui and Thai Khmer groups were associated with the framework 3 chromosome. Genetic distances based on the beta( )-globin gene haplotypes between minority groups revealed that Soui and Thai Khmer were closely related to each other. This finding has a valuable implication for study of the origin and spread of hemoglobin E in the region. (+info)Hemoglobin E (HbE) is a structural variant of hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. This variant results from a specific mutation in the beta-globin gene, leading to the substitution of glutamic acid with lysine at position 26 of the beta-globin chain.
HbE is most commonly found in people from Southeast Asia, particularly in populations from Thailand, Cambodia, and Laos. It can also be found in other parts of the world, such as India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. HbE is usually asymptomatic when it occurs in its heterozygous form (one normal beta-globin gene and one HbE gene). However, when it occurs in the homozygous form (two HbE genes), or in combination with other hemoglobinopathies like thalassemia, it can lead to a range of clinical manifestations, including mild to severe microcytic anemia, splenomegaly, and jaundice.
Individuals with HbE may have increased susceptibility to certain infections and may experience complications during pregnancy or surgery due to impaired oxygen-carrying capacity. Regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels, iron status, and potential complications is essential for managing individuals with Hemoglobin E effectively.
Abnormal hemoglobins refer to variants of the oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells, which differ from the normal adult hemoglobin (HbA) in terms of their structure and function. These variations can result from genetic mutations that affect the composition of the globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule. Some abnormal hemoglobins are clinically insignificant, while others can lead to various medical conditions such as hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, or sickle cell disease. Examples of abnormal hemoglobins include HbS (associated with sickle cell anemia), HbC, HbE, and HbF (fetal hemoglobin). These variants can be detected through specialized laboratory tests, such as hemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Hemoglobinuria is a medical condition characterized by the presence of hemoglobin in the urine. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Normally, when red blood cells die, they are broken down and their hemoglobin is recycled. However, in certain conditions such as intravascular hemolysis (the destruction of red blood cells inside blood vessels), hemoglobin can be released into the bloodstream and then filtered by the kidneys into the urine.
Hemoglobinuria can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, including hemolytic anemias, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), severe infections, snake bites, and exposure to certain toxins or medications. It is important to identify the underlying cause of hemoglobinuria, as treatment will depend on the specific condition.
In some cases, hemoglobinuria can lead to kidney damage due to the toxic effects of free hemoglobin on the renal tubules. This can result in acute or chronic kidney injury, and in severe cases, it may require dialysis or transplantation.
Hemoglobinopathies are a group of genetic disorders characterized by structural or functional abnormalities of the hemoglobin molecule in red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a complex protein that plays a crucial role in carrying oxygen throughout the body. The two most common types of hemoglobinopathies are sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
In sickle cell disease, a single mutation in the beta-globin gene results in the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S (HbS). When deoxygenated, HbS molecules tend to aggregate and form long polymers, causing the red blood cells to become sickle-shaped, rigid, and fragile. These abnormally shaped cells can block small blood vessels, leading to tissue damage, chronic pain, organ dysfunction, and other serious complications.
Thalassemias are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by mutations in the genes that regulate the production of alpha- or beta-globin chains. These mutations result in reduced or absent synthesis of one or more globin chains, leading to an imbalance in hemoglobin composition and structure. This imbalance can cause premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis), resulting in anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, and other symptoms.
Hemoglobinopathies are typically inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that affected individuals have two copies of the abnormal gene – one from each parent. Carriers of a single abnormal gene usually do not show any signs or symptoms of the disorder but can pass the abnormal gene on to their offspring.
Early diagnosis and appropriate management of hemoglobinopathies are essential for improving quality of life, reducing complications, and increasing survival rates. Treatment options may include blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, antibiotics, pain management, and, in some cases, bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy.
Hemoglobin (Hb or Hgb) is the main oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells, which are responsible for delivering oxygen throughout the body. It is a complex molecule made up of four globin proteins and four heme groups. Each heme group contains an iron atom that binds to one molecule of oxygen. Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues, and also helps to carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
There are several types of hemoglobin present in the human body, including:
* Hemoglobin A (HbA): This is the most common type of hemoglobin, making up about 95-98% of total hemoglobin in adults. It consists of two alpha and two beta globin chains.
* Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2): This makes up about 1.5-3.5% of total hemoglobin in adults. It consists of two alpha and two delta globin chains.
* Hemoglobin F (HbF): This is the main type of hemoglobin present in fetal life, but it persists at low levels in adults. It consists of two alpha and two gamma globin chains.
* Hemoglobin S (HbS): This is an abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause sickle cell disease when it occurs in the homozygous state (i.e., both copies of the gene are affected). It results from a single amino acid substitution in the beta globin chain.
* Hemoglobin C (HbC): This is another abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause mild to moderate hemolytic anemia when it occurs in the homozygous state. It results from a different single amino acid substitution in the beta globin chain than HbS.
Abnormal forms of hemoglobin, such as HbS and HbC, can lead to various clinical disorders, including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies.
Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Specifically, beta-thalassemia is caused by mutations in the beta-globin gene, which leads to reduced or absent production of the beta-globin component of hemoglobin.
There are two main types of beta-thalassemia:
1. Beta-thalassemia major (also known as Cooley's anemia): This is a severe form of the disorder that typically becomes apparent in early childhood. It is characterized by a significant reduction or absence of beta-globin production, leading to anemia, enlarged spleen and liver, jaundice, and growth retardation.
2. Beta-thalassemia intermedia: This is a milder form of the disorder that may not become apparent until later in childhood or even adulthood. It is characterized by a variable reduction in beta-globin production, leading to mild to moderate anemia and other symptoms that can range from nonexistent to severe.
Treatment for beta-thalassemia depends on the severity of the disorder and may include blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and/or bone marrow transplantation. In some cases, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis may also be recommended for families with a history of the disorder.
2,6-Dichloroindophenol is a chemical compound that is used as an indicator in various analytical procedures, particularly in the field of biochemistry and microbiology. It is a derivative of indophenol, which contains two chlorine atoms at the 2nd and 6th positions of the benzene ring.
The chemical formula for 2,6-Dichloroindophenol is C8H6Cl2O2. This compound is a deep blue color in its oxidized state and turns colorless when reduced. The reduction potential of this compound makes it useful as an indicator in various redox reactions, including the determination of the concentration of reducing agents such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and other antioxidants.
It is important to note that 2,6-Dichloroindophenol is a hazardous chemical and should be handled with care. It can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged exposure may lead to more serious health effects. Therefore, it is essential to follow proper safety precautions when working with this compound.
Hemoglobin A2 is a type of hemoglobin that is found in human red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin A2 is made up of two alpha-like globin chains and two delta-globin chains, and it accounts for approximately 1.5 to 3.5% of the total hemoglobin in adult humans.
Hemoglobin A2 is not normally present in significant amounts until after a child has passed through their first year of life. Its level remains relatively constant throughout adulthood, and it is often used as a diagnostic marker for certain types of anemia, such as beta-thalassemia. In people with beta-thalassemia, the production of beta-globin chains is reduced or absent, leading to an increase in the relative proportion of Hemoglobin A2 and Hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin) in the red blood cells.
It's important to note that Hemoglobin A2 measurement alone is not enough for a definitive diagnosis of beta-thalassemia, but it can be used as a supportive test along with other investigations such as complete blood count (CBC), hemoglobin electrophoresis and molecular genetic testing.
Thalassemia is a group of inherited genetic disorders that affect the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. The disorder results in less efficient or abnormal hemoglobin, which can lead to anemia, an insufficient supply of oxygen-rich red blood cells.
There are two main types of Thalassemia: alpha and beta. Alpha thalassemia occurs when there is a problem with the alpha globin chain production, while beta thalassemia results from issues in beta globin chain synthesis. These disorders can range from mild to severe, depending on the number of genes affected and their specific mutations.
Severe forms of Thalassemia may require regular blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, or even a bone marrow transplant to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Alpha-thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. It is caused by deletions or mutations in the genes that produce the alpha-globin chains of hemoglobin.
There are several types of alpha-thalassemia, ranging from mild to severe. The most severe form, called hydrops fetalis, occurs when all four alpha-globin genes are deleted or mutated. This can cause stillbirth or death shortly after birth due to heart failure and severe anemia.
Less severe forms of alpha-thalassemia can cause mild to moderate anemia, which may be asymptomatic or associated with symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and jaundice. These forms of the disorder are more common in people from Mediterranean, Southeast Asian, and African backgrounds.
Treatment for alpha-thalassemia depends on the severity of the condition and may include blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, or occasionally stem cell transplantation.
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is a type of hemoglobin that is produced in the fetus and newborn babies. It is composed of two alpha-like globin chains and two gamma-globin chains, designated as α2γ2. HbF is the primary form of hemoglobin during fetal development, replacing the embryonic hemoglobin (HbG) around the eighth week of gestation.
The unique property of HbF is its higher affinity for oxygen compared to adult hemoglobin (HbA), which helps ensure adequate oxygen supply from the mother to the developing fetus. After birth, as the newborn starts breathing on its own and begins to receive oxygen directly, the production of HbF gradually decreases and is usually replaced by HbA within the first year of life.
In some genetic disorders like sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia, persistence of HbF into adulthood can be beneficial as it reduces the severity of symptoms due to its higher oxygen-carrying capacity and less polymerization tendency compared to HbS (in sickle cell disease) or unpaired alpha chains (in beta-thalassemia). Treatments like hydroxyurea are used to induce HbF production in these patients as a therapeutic approach.
Hemoglobin A is the most common form of hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Hemoglobin A is a tetramer composed of two alpha and two beta globin chains, each containing a heme group that binds to oxygen. It is typically measured in laboratory tests to assess for various medical conditions such as anemia or diabetes. In the context of diabetes, the measurement of hemoglobin A1c (a form of hemoglobin A that is glycated or bound to glucose) is used to monitor long-term blood sugar control.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Thailand" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeast Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you!
A heterozygote is an individual who has inherited two different alleles (versions) of a particular gene, one from each parent. This means that the individual's genotype for that gene contains both a dominant and a recessive allele. The dominant allele will be expressed phenotypically (outwardly visible), while the recessive allele may or may not have any effect on the individual's observable traits, depending on the specific gene and its function. Heterozygotes are often represented as 'Aa', where 'A' is the dominant allele and 'a' is the recessive allele.
Southeast Asia is a geographical region that consists of the countries that are located at the southeastern part of the Asian continent. The definition of which countries comprise Southeast Asia may vary, but it generally includes the following 11 countries:
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* East Timor (Timor-Leste)
* Indonesia
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Myanmar (Burma)
* Philippines
* Singapore
* Thailand
* Vietnam
Southeast Asia is known for its rich cultural diversity, with influences from Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The region is also home to a diverse range of ecosystems, including rainforests, coral reefs, and mountain ranges. In recent years, Southeast Asia has experienced significant economic growth and development, but the region still faces challenges related to poverty, political instability, and environmental degradation.
Hemoglobin S (HbS) is a genetic variant of hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. This abnormal form of hemogllobin results from a mutation in the beta-globin gene, leading to the substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position six of the beta-globin chain.
In individuals with sickle cell disease (a group of inherited red blood cell disorders), both copies of their beta-globin genes carry this mutation, causing the majority of their hemoglobin to be HbS. When deoxygenated, HbS molecules have a tendency to polymerize and form long, rigid rods within the red blood cells, distorting their shape into a characteristic sickle or crescent form.
These sickled red blood cells are less flexible and more prone to rupture (hemolysis), leading to chronic anemia, vaso-occlusive crises, and other disease complications. Sickle cell disease primarily affects people of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian ancestry, but it can also be found in other populations worldwide.
HbA1c5
- When having blood work done, you might also see results for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) , sometimes called glycated hemoglobin. (healthline.com)
- An HbA1c test measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin, which is hemoglobin that has glucose attached to it, in your blood. (healthline.com)
- For instance, approval for the COBAS INTEGRA 800 Tina-quant HbA1cDx assay, in 2013and Abbott's ARCHITECT Clinical Chemistry Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test approved in 2014 for the diagnosis of diabetes were the major steps in the hemoglobin A1c testing industry. (prnewswire.com)
- The RIQAS Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) EQA programme is designed to monitor the performance of HbA1c and Total Haemoglobin assays. (randox.com)
- Annual hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests are recommended for all diabetics, but some patient populations may face barriers to high quality healthcare that are beyond providers' control. (harvard.edu)
Silencing the fetal hemoglobin1
- Two HDACs are involved in silencing the fetal hemoglobin gene and panobinostat is a pan-HDAC inhibitor, which means it silences more than one HDAC. (news-medical.net)
Normal hemoglobin levels1
- Variations in the normal hemoglobin levels among healthy human donors based on their gender and blood collection centers is shown here. (redcross.org)
Molecule9
- The mammalian hemoglobin molecule can bind and transport up to four oxygen molecules. (wikipedia.org)
- From the known atomic mass of iron, he calculated the molecular mass of hemoglobin to n × 16000 (n = number of iron atoms per hemoglobin molecule, now known to be 4), the first determination of a protein's molecular mass. (wikipedia.org)
- Who would consider seriously a phylogeny of vertebrates drawn from a comparison of myoglobin [a single polypeptide chain molecule found in the muscles of vertebrates] of some species and hemoglobin from others? (icr.org)
- Representation of a human hemoglobin protein molecule. (icr.org)
- The hemoglobin molecule is designed with much variation to supply the oxygen needs of a wide variety of organisms. (icr.org)
- Haemoglobin disorders or haemoglobinopathies are a group of conditions affecting the molecule haemoglobin which is contained in the red blood cells. (thalassaemia.org.cy)
- Any disturbance of this structure of the haemoglobin molecule, reduces the capacity of the haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the tissues , but also disturbs the whole structure of the red blood cell containing the haemoglobin. (thalassaemia.org.cy)
- These are known as haemoglobin variants and they alter the function of the whole haemoglobin molecule. (thalassaemia.org.cy)
- Overview of Hemoglobinopathies Hemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders affecting the structure or production of the hemoglobin molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
Fetal24
- The drugs are called HDAC inhibitors, and the investigators have early evidence one called panobinostat can reactivate after birth the gene that produces fetal hemoglobin, which cannot sickle, says Abdullah Kutlar, MD, director of the Center for Blood Disorders at the Medical College of Georgia and Augusta University Health. (news-medical.net)
- Histone deacetylases, or HDACs, are enzymes that are among the many ways gene expression gets turned down, a natural process for some genes, like the gamma-globin gene that makes fetal hemoglobin, as we move from childhood to adulthood. (news-medical.net)
- Fetal hemoglobin enables a developing baby to capture oxygen from mother's blood while the beta-globin gene produces adult hemoglobin that carries oxygen. (news-medical.net)
- Within the first few months after birth, most babies have little to no fetal hemoglobin. (news-medical.net)
- That is important for sickle cell because we know in adults that the fetal hemoglobin gene is shut down and we know fetal hemoglobin works very well as a disease modifier. (news-medical.net)
- Hydroxyurea, the first sickle cell drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration back in 1998, also increases fetal hemoglobin, although precisely how remains unclear, and it's also used for some cancers. (news-medical.net)
- Kutlar notes that if panobinostat continues to show promise, his next steps will include pairing the two fetal hemoglobin promoters to see if there is beneficial synergy. (news-medical.net)
- The investigators will be monitoring study participants' levels of the non-sickling fetal hemoglobin as well as levels of F-cells, a subpopulation of red blood cells that contain fetal hemoglobin. (news-medical.net)
- Pace has shown panobinostat increases fetal hemoglobin expression both in red blood cells in culture and in mouse models of sickle cell disease by enabling reactivation of the fetal hemoglobin gene. (news-medical.net)
- What role does BPG play in transfer of oxygen from the maternal hemoglobin (HbA) to the fetal hemoglobin (HbF)? (flashcardmachine.com)
- The gamma chain of fetal hemoglobin binds BPG with a lower affinity relative to the adult hemoglobin. (flashcardmachine.com)
- This means that the fetal hemoglobn has a higher affinity for oxygen than the adult hemoglobin and transfer of oxygen from the low affinity HbA to the higher affinity HbF is thus enabled. (flashcardmachine.com)
- in this video, we're going to talk about fetal hemoglobin. (pearson.com)
- And so fetal hemoglobin, which we're going to abbreviate as F H B moving forward, actually has to gamma sub units. (pearson.com)
- And so you could see that fetal hemoglobin structure is to Alfa sub units and two gamma sub units, where, as the adult hemoglobin recall has to Alfa and two beta subunits. (pearson.com)
- And so this structural difference in fetal hemoglobin allows fetal hoop hemoglobin toe have a lowered affinity for B p G and recall that B P G is a negative hetero, tropic Alice derek inhibitor. (pearson.com)
- And so, if fetal hemoglobin has a low affinity for an inhibitor that's going to correlate with even greater or even stronger oxygen affinity and so fetal hemoglobin has a stronger oxygen affinity than adult hemoglobin, and this allows for oxygen gas to flow from the maternal oxy hemoglobin HBO to towards the fetal deok ce myoglobin FHP allowing the fetal hemoglobin to obtain oxygen. (pearson.com)
- We've got the screen curve, and we've got this red curve and notice that the green curve corresponds with fetal hemoglobin, whereas the red curve corresponds with adult hemoglobin. (pearson.com)
- And so recall adult hemoglobin has to alfa sub units as well as to beta subunits, whereas the fetal hemoglobin, on the other hand, has the same to Alfa sub units. (pearson.com)
- Hemoglobin is going to have a stronger oxygen affinity due to having a lowered affinity for B P G. And so you can see that the oxygen flow here is going to go from the adult hemoglobin towards the fetal hemoglobin, allowing the fetus to obtain oxygen from its mother's blood. (pearson.com)
- So oxygen is going to flow from the, uh, maternal or adult hemoglobin to the fetal hemoglobin. (pearson.com)
- And so thehyperfix loving that has the stronger affinity for us soon is going to be fetal hemoglobin, so we can indicate that be here is the correct answer for this example problem. (pearson.com)
- And that concludes this example and this lesson on fetal hemoglobin, and we'll be able to get some practice as we move forward in our course. (pearson.com)
- Fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen with a ___________ affinity than adult hemoglobin, because it lacks the binding site for ______, which is an allosteric ____________ of oxygen binding to adult hemoglobin. (pearson.com)
Electrophoresis5
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis measures the levels of the different types of this protein in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Screening should include hemoglobin electrophoresis, particularly in individuals with anemia, red blood cell abnormalities, and/or morbidity suggestive of disease. (cdc.gov)
- Diagnosis of hemoglobin E disease is by hemoglobin electrophoresis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Methemoglobinemia can be acquired (exposure to oxidants) or inherited (i.e. decreased enzyme activity or presence of hemoglobin M). Acquired methemoglobinemia will have normal enzyme assay activity tests and normal Hb electrophoresis. (cdc.gov)
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis is abnormal in HbM disease, but normal with NADH-methemoglobin reductase deficiency [McKenzie 2010]. (cdc.gov)
Type of hemoglobin4
- The most common type of hemoglobin in mammals contains four such subunits. (wikipedia.org)
- The hemoglobins move on the paper and form bands that show the amount of each type of hemoglobin. (medlineplus.gov)
- This is the main type of hemoglobin in an unborn baby's body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Hemoglobin C is an abnormal type of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. (stlukes-stl.com)
Noninvasive and continuous2
- A retrospective study evaluated the impact of noninvasive and continuous hemoglobin monitoring using Masimo's SpHb on perioperative transfusion management and postoperative patient outcomes on pediatric patients undergoing fronto-orbital advancement surgery. (24x7mag.com)
- Noting the frequency of significant hemorrhage during craniofacial reconstruction surgery, and the importance of an adequate patient blood management (PBM) policy during such surgery, the researchers sought to determine whether PBM that included noninvasive and continuous hemoglobin monitoring might improve transfusion management and outcomes for children undergoing frontal advancement surgery. (24x7mag.com)
Molecules6
- Hemoglobin and hemoglobin-like molecules are also found in many invertebrates, fungi, and plants. (wikipedia.org)
- In these organisms, hemoglobins may carry oxygen, or they may transport and regulate other small molecules and ions such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
- Hemoglobin consists of protein subunits (globin molecules), which are polypeptides, long folded chains of specific amino acids which determine the protein's chemical properties and function. (wikipedia.org)
- Each hemoglobin protein contains four iron atoms and can therefore carry four molecules of oxygen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Scientists have no fossil molecules, and thus they cannot go back into deep evolutionary time and analyze the hypothetical pre-hemoglobin that supposedly existed. (icr.org)
- Hemoglobin molecules consist of polypeptide chains whose chemical structure is genetically. (msdmanuals.com)
Concentration7
- Hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin) reflects the average blood glucose concentration over the course of the red blood cell (RBC) lifespan, roughly 120 days in normal individuals. (medscape.com)
- Gain insights on measurements from healthy blood donors to study the physiologic variation of hemoglobin and platelet concentration levels by changes in altitude, geographic location, seasonal variations, age, race and sex. (redcross.org)
- A non-linear relationship was observed between altitude and the mean hemoglobin concentration. (redcross.org)
- Mild anemia corresponds to a level of hemoglobin concentration of 10.0-10.9 g/dl for pregnant women and children under age 5 and 10.0-11.9 g/dl for nonpregnant women. (meltingpointathens.com)
- The extent of hemoglobin glycation is related not only to the glucose concentration in blood but also to the average RBC lifespan. (medscape.com)
- Maternal hemoglobin concentration at delivery, umbilical cord hemoglobin and ferritin were collected. (bvsalud.org)
- The authors constructed a theoretical 3D model based on histological images to analyze the influence of vessel density and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on the response to irradiation. (lu.se)
Human hemoglobin4
- Clinically relevant updates of the HbVar database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations. (degruyter.com)
- The βLys66Tyr Variant of Human Hemoglobin as a Component of a Blood Substitute. (lu.se)
- It has been proposed that introducing tyrosine residues into human hemoglobin (e.g. βPhe41Tyr) may be able to reduce the toxicity of the ferryl heme species in extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) by facilitating long-range electron transfer from endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. (lu.se)
- article{3b754337-9c40-4bb9-9b3f-7d78cf72497f, abstract = {{It has been proposed that introducing tyrosine residues into human hemoglobin (e.g. βPhe41Tyr) may be able to reduce the toxicity of the ferryl heme species in extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) by facilitating long-range electron transfer from endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. (lu.se)
Different hemoglobin1
- So it turns out that the human fetus actually has structurally different hemoglobin than the adult hemoglobin that we've been talking about all along. (pearson.com)
Subunit1
- The name hemoglobin is derived from the words heme and globin, reflecting the fact that each subunit of hemoglobin is a globular protein with an embedded heme group. (wikipedia.org)
Myoglobin3
- The species for which myoglobin is used will cluster together far away from the related species for which hemoglobin is selected. (icr.org)
- In a study on vertebrate globins, Jay Storz and his colleagues wrote, "The retention of the proto- Hb and Mb genes in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates permitted a physiological division of labor between the oxygen-carrier function of Hb [hemoglobin] and the oxygen-storage function of Mb [myoglobin]. (icr.org)
- How many sub-units does myoglobin and hemoglobin have, respectively? (flashcardmachine.com)
Variants3
- Contributors examine the structure, expression, and evolution of the globin genes, the assembly of globin subunits into functional forms of hemoglobin, and the numerous variants that result from genetic alterations. (cshlpress.com)
- Automated detection of unstable hemoglobin variants by Sysmex XE-Series analyzers. (degruyter.com)
- With new hemoglobin variants continuing to emerge, reviewing some of the rare hemoglobinopathies is prudent to support the anesthesia community in their assessment and care of patients who present with unexpectedly low SPO2 . (bvsalud.org)
High hemoglobin levels5
- High hemoglobin levels could signal a rare blood disorder called polycythemia . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What causes high hemoglobin levels? (healthline.com)
- High hemoglobin levels generally accompany high red blood cell counts. (healthline.com)
- Symptoms Of High Hemoglobin Levels. (meltingpointathens.com)
- Symptoms Of Conditions Associated With High Hemoglobin Levels. (meltingpointathens.com)
Maternal2
Carries oxygen4
- Hemoglobin in blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (lungs or gills) to the other tissues of the body, where it releases the oxygen to enable aerobic respiration which powers the animal's metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- A National Institutes of Health-funded study comparing low dose iron supplementation to no supplementation in blood donors found that supplementation significantly reduced the time to recovery of post-donation lost iron and hemoglobin-an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells throughout the body. (nih.gov)
- Hemoglobin is a type of protein present in the RBCs that carries oxygen to the organs and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs. (imarcgroup.com)
Thalassemia2
- occurs when an abnormal hemoglobin S gene and a beta thalassemia gene are inherited. (ms.gov)
- Hemoglobin S-Beta-Thalassemia Disease Hemoglobin S-beta-thalassemia disease is a hemoglobinopathy that causes symptoms similar to those of sickle cell disease, but less severe. (msdmanuals.com)
Levels39
- Certain diseases are associated with high HbF levels (when HbF is more than 2% of the total hemoglobin). (medlineplus.gov)
- A study by Holsen et al indicated that in women, recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) influences hemoglobin A1c levels. (medscape.com)
- Low hemoglobin levels often indicate anemia, but high levels can also be a sign of a serious health condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Read on to learn more about how hemoglobin levels can affect people, including symptoms, treatment, and outlook for someone with low hemoglobin in their body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- How are hemoglobin levels tested? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A blood test can assess hemoglobin levels. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors may measure hemoglobin levels as part of a complete blood count (CBC) test. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In the United States, doctors diagnose anemia when the test finds hemoglobin levels to be less than 13.5 g/dL in males and less than 12.0 g/dL in females. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Low hemoglobin levels usually indicate that a person has anemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The results of a hemoglobin test will indicate if a person's hemoglobin levels are within the normal reference range. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Higher mean hemoglobin levels were observed among donors at higher altitudes for both males and females. (redcross.org)
- Products used to analyze blood samples for levels of hemoglobin or glycohemoglobin. (fishersci.com)
- This test measures the body's blood levels of hemoglobin. (brighthub.com)
- Anemia can occur if the body's hemoglobin levels are too low. (brighthub.com)
- When the hemoglobin levels in the blood are elevated, polycythemia vera can occur. (brighthub.com)
- Many environmental factors and poor health decisions can cause hemoglobin levels to rise. (brighthub.com)
- One reason a test may be done to measure hemoglobin levels is to monitor previous medical conditions. (brighthub.com)
- Testing hemoglobin levels can also be used to view a persons overall health. (brighthub.com)
- Monitoring the bloods hemoglobin levels can help test for many medical disorders. (brighthub.com)
- The test for measuring hemoglobin levels is relatively simple. (brighthub.com)
- Hemoglobin Levels: What's Considered Normal? (healthline.com)
- Typical hemoglobin levels vary depending on a number of individual factors. (healthline.com)
- Older adults also tend to have lower hemoglobin levels. (healthline.com)
- Infants tend to have higher average hemoglobin levels than adults . (healthline.com)
- Jean and I were amazed because it typically takes 2 to 3 weeks of supplements and other consistent efforts to even begin to see a change in hemoglobin levels. (emofree.com)
- This study highlights the importance of maintaining iron levels after blood donation, and shows that supplemental iron effectively restores hemoglobin, even in donors with higher iron levels," explained the study's principal investigator, Joseph Kiss, M.D., medical director at the Institute for Transfusion Medicine and associate professor of medicine, University of Pittsburgh. (nih.gov)
- Hemoglobin and iron levels were measured seven times during the study. (nih.gov)
- Compared to donors who did not take iron, the donors taking iron supplements returned to pre-donation hemoglobin levels faster in both the lower iron (five weeks versus 23 weeks) and higher iron groups (four weeks versus 11 weeks). (nih.gov)
- Testing the levels of glycated hemoglobin provides an assurance to the healthcare practitioner about the patient's blood glucose level. (prnewswire.com)
- This test can be used for diagnosis and monitoring of hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic patients. (prnewswire.com)
- Low hemoglobin levels lead to anemia, which causes symptoms like fatigue and trouble breathing. (meltingpointathens.com)
- Testing Hemoglobin Levels. (meltingpointathens.com)
- Hemoglobin levels are highly variable from person to person and may even shift within one person over the course of several days. (meltingpointathens.com)
- If not, then what could be the other reasons for low hemoglobin levels? (indiastudychannel.com)
- Haemoglobin levels initially dropped in all most all the patients. (indiastudychannel.com)
- For example, in patients whose records of fingerstick glucose are incomplete, reflecting good control in the week prior to a physician's visit, a hemoglobin A1c value of 6.8% is reassuring, whereas a value of 9.6% indicates that glucose levels were probably much higher in the preceding weeks. (medscape.com)
- This case study examines a patient undergoing an elective procedure who had a past medical history of Hemoglobin Louisville and presented with baseline oxygen saturation levels ( SpO2 ) in the 80s as measured by noninvasive pulse oximetry . (bvsalud.org)
- Free serum hemoglobin and haptoglobin levels are drawn to assess for hemolytic anemias. (cdc.gov)
- Medical tests included blood lead levels, free erythrocyte-protoporphyrin (FEP), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), hemoglobin, and a chemistry profile. (cdc.gov)
Gene6
- There is more than one hemoglobin gene. (wikipedia.org)
- There are over 300 alleles (one of two or more forms of a gene that produce variations in a given trait) for the hemoglobin gene, part of the globin gene superfamily. (icr.org)
- This book includes discussions of management and treatment strategies for hemoglobin disorders, such as transfusions, iron-chelating agents, gene therapy, and stem cell transplantation. (cshlpress.com)
- occurs when an abnormal hemoglobin S gene is inherited from both parents. (ms.gov)
- occurs when an abnormal hemoglobin S gene is inherited from one parent and a hemoglobin C gene is inherited from the other parent. (ms.gov)
- SCD is the most prevalent genetic disease in the African Region.1 There are different subtypes of SCD in which the abnormal S gene (S) coexists with other abnormal haemoglobin genes. (who.int)
Study of Hemoglobin1
- Structural study of hemoglobin Hazebrouck, beta 38(C4)Thr→Pro. (degruyter.com)
Sickle cell a2
- HbS is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with sickle cell anemia . (medlineplus.gov)
- An example of hemoglobin disease is sickle cell anemia. (ms.gov)
Disorders5
- The pathophysiological consequences of hemoglobin disorders (e.g., ineffective erythropoiesis and aberrant iron homeostasis), their clinical manifestations, and epidemiological trends are also described. (cshlpress.com)
- H emoglobin diseases are a group of blood disorders passed down through families in which there is an abnormal production or structure of the hemoglobin protein. (ms.gov)
- If a test reveals that the hemoglobin level in an individual's body is lower than normal, it means that they have a low RBC count and are prone to disorders such as anemia. (imarcgroup.com)
- Inherited haemoglobin disorders: an increasing global health problem. (who.int)
- Management of birth defects and haemoglobin disorders : report of a joint WHO-March of Dimes meeting, Geneva, Switzerland, 17-19 May 2006. (who.int)
Medically1
- There are over 600 hemoglobin diseases that have been medically defined by the American College of Medical Genetics. (ms.gov)
Adults3
- In humans, hemoglobin A (the main form of hemoglobin in adults) is coded by genes HBA1, HBA2, and HBB. (wikipedia.org)
- In adults, the average hemoglobin level is slightly higher for men than it is for women . (healthline.com)
- Unlike adults who have alpha and beta chains in the hemoglobin, a foetus expresses a zeta chain instead of alpha and epsilon, then later gamma instead of the HbA beta chain. (flashcardmachine.com)
Form of hemoglobin1
- HbC is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with excessive red blood cell destruction and hemolytic anemia . (medlineplus.gov)
Forms of hemoglobin1
- You may have this test if your health care provider suspects that you have a disorder caused by abnormal forms of hemoglobin ( hemoglobinopathy ). (medlineplus.gov)
Measurement3
- Sensitivity and specificity were reported to be 74% and 88%, respectively, with the investigators stating that the predictive value of hemoglobin A1c is comparable to that of an oral glucose tolerance test measurement of 2-hour plasma glucose. (medscape.com)
- Saracoglu A, Abdullayez R, Sakar M, Sacak B, Incekoy F, Aykac Z. Continuous hemoglobin measurement during frontal advancement operations can improve patient outcomes. (24x7mag.com)
- Standard Pulse-oximetry measurement of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin does not provide accurate results in the presence of methemoglobinemia [Ralston et al. (cdc.gov)
Humans1
- While the full physiological significance of the developmental diversity of hemoglobins is not yet understood, it is clear that the multiplicity of hemoglobins produced in a developmentally controlled manner is a strongly conserved feature across vertebrates, including the jawless vertebrates (agnathans), which are the most distantly related extant vertebrate relatives to humans. (icr.org)
Reflects the average1
- As a result, the hemoglobin A1c level reflects the average blood glucose level over the course of the red blood cell's lifespan, roughly 120 days. (medscape.com)
20231
- IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global hemoglobin testing market report, along with forecasts at the global and regional level from 2023-2028. (imarcgroup.com)
Tissues3
- Hemoglobin (also spelled haemoglobin, abbreviated Hb or Hgb), is the iron-containing oxygen-transport protein present in erythrocytes (red blood cells) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrate animals. (wikipedia.org)
- In these tissues, hemoglobin absorbs unneeded oxygen as an antioxidant, and regulates iron metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells that enables the blood to carry oxygen to tissues throughout the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Lower hemoglobin1
- Intensive glucose control in diabetic patients, reflected in lower hemoglobin A1c values, has been shown to "delay the onset and slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. (medscape.com)
Higher hemoglobin2
- Higher altitudes correlate with higher hemoglobin concentrations in healthy individuals when adjusted by other factors such age, race, and gender. (redcross.org)
- and among subjects who achieved their randomized target, no increased risk associated with the higher hemoglobin goal was detected. (nih.gov)
Abnormal hemoglobin1
- A new abnormal hemoglobin with instability and low oxygen affinity. (degruyter.com)
Genes1
- The globin part of haemoglobin is a protein that consists of the alpha (α) and beta (β) parts or chains, which are produced by the α-globin genes and β-globin genes. (thalassaemia.org.cy)
20222
- The global hemoglobin testing market size reached US$ 2.3 Billion in 2022. (imarcgroup.com)
- Rare unstable and low oxygen affinity haemoglobin variant, Hb Hazebrouck, detected on Sysmex XN-9000" Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) , vol. 60, no. 5, 2022, pp. e116-e118. (degruyter.com)
Hemoglobinopathies1
- The prevalence and molecular basis of hemoglobinopathies in Cambodia.Hemoglobin. (who.int)
Attaches2
- Hemoglobin attaches to red blood cells and delivers oxygen throughout the body - everywhere that blood flows. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Glucose, also called blood sugar , circulates throughout your blood and attaches to hemoglobin. (healthline.com)
Extracellular1
- 4 The worms have an amazing extracellular multi-hemoglobin system with one in the coelomic cavity (a fluid-filled body cavity) and two in the vascular (blood system) compartment. (icr.org)
Glucose4
- Excessive glucose in the blood can attach to hemoglobin and raise the level of hemoglobin A1c. (wikipedia.org)
- Hemoglobin A1c provides information comparable to what might be provided by having frequent glucose values throughout the day over the course of 3 months. (medscape.com)
- Many laboratories report a calculated eAG (estimated average glucose) along with every measured hemoglobin A1c, which is designed to facilitate communication with patients, as well as to help clinicians appreciate the degree of hyperglycemia the A1c represents. (medscape.com)
- A limitation of hemoglobin A1c is that it does not provide any indication of the changes in glucose concentrations throughout the day, for which frequent glucose measurements are needed. (medscape.com)
Invertebrate1
- Hemoglobins occur sporadically among the invertebrate phyla in no obvious [evolutionary branching] pattern. (icr.org)
Hematocrit1
- A decrease in haptoglobin can support a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia when seen with an increased reticulocyte count, decreased erythrocyte count, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit. (cdc.gov)
Grams3
- A healthy human has 12 to 20 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood. (wikipedia.org)
- Tests usually express hemoglobin, or Hb, in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A low hemoglobin count is generally defined as less than 13.2 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter (132 grams per liter) of blood for men and less than 11.6 grams per deciliter (116 grams per liter) for women. (meltingpointathens.com)
Symptoms1
- Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of hemoglobin C disease. (stlukes-stl.com)
20181
- For their retrospective, case-control study, they collected data for 42 pediatric patients with plagiocephaly or trigonocephaly who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2021, dividing them into a group of 16 patients whose perioperative PBM included noninvasive, continuous hemoglobin monitoring (SpHb group), and 26 patients who were managed conventionally (control group). (24x7mag.com)
Binds2
- Hemoglobin is an iron-containing respiratory protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and then transports and releases it to cells that need oxygen. (icr.org)
- What type of protein-protein interaction is disrupted in hemoglobin when oxygen binds? (flashcardmachine.com)
Affinity for oxygen2
- As a result the affinity for oxygen by hemoglobin is decreased. (flashcardmachine.com)
- In the plot below which hemoglobin has a stronger affinity for oxygen. (pearson.com)
Monitoring7
- This study adds outcomes evidence for pediatric patients to the growing literature on the value of continuous hemoglobin monitoring with SpHb. (24x7mag.com)
- Continuous Non-invasive Hemoglobin Monitoring during Orthopedic Surgery: A Randomized Trial. (24x7mag.com)
- Continuous and noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring reduces red blood cell transfusion during neurosurgery: a prospective cohort study. (24x7mag.com)
- Continuous and noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring may reduce excessive intraoperative RBC transfusion. (24x7mag.com)
- The Value of Continuous Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring in Intraoperative Blood Transfusion Practice During Abdominal Cancer Surgery. (24x7mag.com)
- Economic Analysis of the Reduction of Blood Transfusions during Surgical Procedures While Continuous Hemoglobin Monitoring is Used. (24x7mag.com)
- Continuous hemoglobin and plethysmography variability index monitoring can modify blood transfusion practice and is associated with lower mortality. (24x7mag.com)
Hemolytic anemias1
- Thalassemias Thalassemias are a group of inherited microcytic, hemolytic anemias characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis. (msdmanuals.com)
Level23
- In those with both recurrent MDD and obesity, the hemoglobin A1c level was higher than in women with obesity but no recurrent MDD (5.75% vs 5.44%, respectively). (medscape.com)
- A low level of hemoglobin in the blood means there is also a low level of oxygen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors determine your hemoglobin level by analyzing a sample of your blood. (healthline.com)
- Keep reading to learn more about what's considered a normal, high, and low hemoglobin level. (healthline.com)
- What's a normal hemoglobin level? (healthline.com)
- Remember, hemoglobin is found in red blood cells, so the higher your red blood cell count, the higher your hemoglobin level and vice versa. (healthline.com)
- A low hemoglobin level is usually seen with low red blood cell counts. (healthline.com)
- While Chelle talked to Jean about her previous hemorrhages and her concern about bleeding too much after this birth, Jean tested Chelle's hemoglobin level. (emofree.com)
- Then, intuitively, Jean asked Chelle the million dollar question: 'If there were an emotional reason for your low hemoglobin level, what might it be? (emofree.com)
- The more fear Chelle felt, the lower her hemoglobin level might go, which would put her that much more at risk of a postpartum hemorrhage. (emofree.com)
- Even though my hemoglobin level is low because I'm afraid I may bleed too much. (emofree.com)
- We were unable to find reports in the published medical literature of any cases of bowel surgery being successfully performed at such a low hemoglobin level, without blood transfusion or blood products pre or post-surgery, with the patient's uncomplicated recovery. (wjgnet.com)
- He had an extremely low hemoglobin level (2 g/dL) and mild renal and hepatic impairment. (wjgnet.com)
- What is considered a low hemoglobin level? (meltingpointathens.com)
- A low level of hemoglobin in the blood relates directly to a low level of oxygen. (meltingpointathens.com)
- What level of hemoglobin is severe? (meltingpointathens.com)
- What level of hemoglobin is dangerously low? (meltingpointathens.com)
- What is the minimum level of hemoglobin required for survival? (meltingpointathens.com)
- There is no one, standard minimum level of hemoglobin agreed upon in the medical community. (meltingpointathens.com)
- Based on the available evidence, transfusion in the critically ill patient without active ischemic heart disease should generally be withheld until the hemoglobin level falls to 7 g/dl. (meltingpointathens.com)
- A hemoglobin test measures the count of red blood cells (RBC) or the level of hemoglobin in the blood. (imarcgroup.com)
- Serum free hemoglobin is a blood test that measures the level of free hemoglobin in the liquid part of the blood (the serum). (stlukes-stl.com)
- There have been some research in this area and it is observed that in some cases the haemoglobin level reduced slightly and on an average it reduced in the range 0.6 to 1.0 g/dl which is not very significant but if it goes further down then it is a matter of concern. (indiastudychannel.com)
Anemia1
- The medical condition hemoglobinemia, a form of anemia, is caused by intravascular hemolysis, in which hemoglobin leaks from red blood cells into the blood plasma. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic5
- A study by Vehik et al indicated that a rise in hemoglobin A1c of 10% or more from baseline signals an increased risk in pediatric patients of stage 3 type 1 diabetes mellitus, when other factors, including genetic risk and diabetes-associated autoantibodies, are also present. (medscape.com)
- This is a genetic condition where the hemoglobin protein is abnormal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The abundance, stability, and oxygen-carrying properties of hemoglobin can be altered by genetic mutations. (cshlpress.com)
- Unstable hemoglobins: influence of environment on phenotypic expression of a genetic disorder. (degruyter.com)
- Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition in which the red blood cells contain haemoglobin S (HbS), an abnormal form of the oxygen-carrying protein. (who.int)
Infants3
- to assess the effect of delayed clamping of the umbilical cord on hemoglobin concentrations in infants up to three months of age born to anemic and non anemic mothers. (bvsalud.org)
- At approximately three months of age, 210 (64.6%) infants had their hemoglobin concentrations, socioeconomic, anthropometric and infant feeding practices collected. (bvsalud.org)
- The delayed cord clamping benefits the hemoglobin status of infants, especially those born to non anemic mothers. (bvsalud.org)
Haptoglobin2
- A typical cyanosis workup includes CBC with differential and peripheral blood smear, free serum hemoglobin and haptoglobin, ABGs and pulse oximetry. (cdc.gov)
- Tests to rule out hemolysis include CBC with differential, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, serum haptoglobin, free serum hemoglobin and Heinz body preparation. (cdc.gov)
Disorder3
- Approximately 5-7% of the world population is a carrier of a severe haemoglobin disorder, including thalassaemia, and between 300-500 thousand children are born each year with a severe haemoglobin disorder. (thalassaemia.org.cy)
- Hemoglobin C disease is a blood disorder passed down through families. (stlukes-stl.com)
- Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of haemoglobin. (who.int)
SpHb1
- The SpHb group's hemoglobin was intraoperatively monitored using SpHb on Masimo Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeters. (24x7mag.com)
Trait2
Adult2
- And here's the Greek letter Gamma rather than to beta subunits like the adult hemoglobin has. (pearson.com)
- The K D is lower than the K D for the adult hemoglobin. (pearson.com)
Diseases1
- Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers all aspects of hemoglobin and its diseases. (cshlpress.com)
Iron-containing oxygen-transp1
- Hemoglobin is an iron-containing oxygen-transport protein found in red blood cells. (icr.org)
Molecular mass1
- The high molecular mass hemoglobin of the worm is the transporter for both oxygen and sulfide. (icr.org)
Deoxy3
- The high-resolution X-ray structures of the deoxy forms of four recombinant hemoglobins in which Trp37(C3)beta is replaced with Tyr (betaW37Y), Ala (betaW37A), Glu (betaW37E), or Gly (betaW37G) have been refined and analyzed with superposition methods that partition mutation-induced perturbations into quaternary structure changes and tertiary structure changes. (rcsb.org)
- Structurally, what are the names of the deoxy and oxygenated forms of the hemoglobin respectively? (flashcardmachine.com)
- D-2-3 Bisphosphoglycerate decreases the affinity hemoglobin for oxygen by binding to and stabilizing the deoxy-hemoglobin state. (flashcardmachine.com)