A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.
A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
A suborder of HEMIPTERA, called true bugs, characterized by the possession of two pairs of wings. It includes the medically important families CIMICIDAE and REDUVIIDAE. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
A family of winged insects of the suborder HETEROPTERA, called assassin bugs, because most prey on other insects. However one subfamily, TRIATOMINAE, attacks humans and other vertebrates and transmits Chagas disease.
The immature stage in the life cycle of those orders of insects characterized by gradual metamorphosis, in which the young resemble the imago in general form of body, including compound eyes and external wings; also the 8-legged stage of mites and ticks that follows the first moult.
A subfamily of assassin bugs (REDUVIIDAE) that are obligate blood-suckers of vertebrates. Included are the genera TRIATOMA; RHODNIUS; and PANSTRONGYLUS, which are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, the agent of CHAGAS DISEASE in humans.
A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Rhodnius prolixus is a vector for TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
A genus of cone-nosed bugs of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Its species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.
A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.
A family of wingless, blood-sucking insects of the suborder HETEROPTERA, including the bedbugs and related forms. Cimex (BEDBUGS), Heamatosiphon, and Oeciacus are medically important genera. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.
The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.
Bugs of the family CIMICIDAE, genus Cimex. They are flattened, oval, reddish insects which inhabit houses, wallpaper, furniture, and beds. C. lectularius, of temperate regions, is the common bedbug that attacks humans and is frequently a serious pest in houses, hotels, barracks, and other living quarters. Experiments have shown that bedbugs can transmit a variety of diseases, but they are not normal vectors under natural conditions. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p272)
A process by which animals in various forms and stages of development are physically distributed through time and space.
An extensive order of highly specialized insects including bees, wasps, and ants.
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
The family Hirundinidae, comprised of small BIRDS that hunt flying INSECTS while in sustained flight.
The genetic complement of MITOCHONDRIA as represented in their DNA.
The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.
Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.
A suborder of monoflagellate parasitic protozoa that lives in the blood and tissues of man and animals. Representative genera include: Blastocrithidia, Leptomonas, CRITHIDIA, Herpetomonas, LEISHMANIA, Phytomonas, and TRYPANOSOMA. Species of this suborder may exist in two or more morphologic stages formerly named after genera exemplifying these forms - amastigote (LEISHMANIA), choanomastigote (CRITHIDIA), promastigote (Leptomonas), opisthomastigote (Herpetomonas), epimastigote (Blastocrithidia), and trypomastigote (TRYPANOSOMA).
A hemoflagellate parasite affecting domestic and wild animals, as well as humans and invertebrates. Though it induces an immune response, it is non-pathogenic in humans and other vertebrates. It is cross-reactive with TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI and can thus cause false positives for CHAGAS DISEASE.
A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees and should not be confused with hemlock plants (CICUTA and CONIUM).
The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.
A plant genus of the family Passifloraceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are vines with ornamental flowers and edible fruit.
The normal process of elimination of fecal material from the RECTUM.
Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A genus of insect in the mealybug family Pseudococcidae.
Cytochromes of the b group that have alpha-band absorption of 563-564 nm. They occur as subunits in MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III.
The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)
A plant genus of the family POACEAE originating from the savanna of eastern Africa. It is widely grown for livestock forage.
Proteins found in any species of insect.
A family of gram-negative bacteria in the order Legionellales. It includes genera COXIELLA and Rickettsiella.
INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.
The properties of a pathogen that makes it capable of infecting one or more specific hosts. The pathogen can include PARASITES as well as VIRUSES; BACTERIA; FUNGI; or PLANTS.
Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Genes that are located on the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chromosomally.
Organisms, biological agents, or biologically-derived agents used strategically for their positive or adverse effect on the physiology and/or reproductive health of other organisms.
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.
The genetic complement of an insect (INSECTS) as represented in its DNA.
Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.
The palm family of order Arecales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida.
A pair of anal glands or sacs, located on either side of the ANUS, that produce and store a dark, foul-smelling fluid in carnivorous animals such as MEPHITIDAE and DOGS. The expelled fluid is used as a defensive repellent (in skunks) or a material to mark territory (in dogs).
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

Tissue tropism related to vector competence of Frankliniella occidentalis for tomato spotted wilt tospovirus. (1/685)

The development of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) infection in the midgut and salivary glands of transmitting and non-transmitting thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, was studied to elucidate tissue tropism and the virus pathway within the body of this vector. Immunohistological techniques used in this study showed that the midgut, foregut and salivary glands were the only organs in which virus accumulated. The first signals of infection, observed as randomly distributed fluorescent granular spots, were found in the epithelial cells of the midgut, mainly restricted to the anterior region. The virus subsequently spread to the circular and longitudinal midgut muscle tissues, a process which occurred late in the larval stage. In the adult stage, the infection occurred in the visceral muscle tissues, covering the whole midgut and foregut, and was abolished in the midgut epithelium. The infection of the salivary glands was first observed 72 h post-acquisition, and simultaneously in the ligaments connecting the midgut with these glands. The salivary glands of transmitting individuals appeared heavily or completely infected, while no or only a low level of infection was found in the glands of non-transmitting individuals. Moreover, the development of an age-dependent midgut barrier against virus infection was observed in second instar larvae and adults. The results show that the establishment of TSWV infection in the various tissues and the potential of transmission seems to be regulated by different barriers and processes related to the metamorphosis of thrips.  (+info)

The relationship between DNA methylation and chromosome imprinting in the coccid Planococcus citri. (2/685)

The phenomenon of chromosome, or genomic, imprinting indicates the relevance of parental origin in determining functional differences between alleles, homologous chromosomes, or haploid sets. In mealybug males (Homoptera, Coccoidea), the haploid set of paternal origin undergoes heterochromatization at midcleavage and remains so in most of the tissues. This different behavior of the two haploid sets, which depends on their parental origin, represents one of the most striking examples of chromosome imprinting. In mammals, DNA methylation has been postulated as a possible molecular mechanism to differentially imprint DNA sequences during spermatogenesis or oogenesis. In the present article we addressed the role of DNA methylation in the imprinting of whole haploid sets as it occurs in Coccids. We investigated the DNA methylation patterns at both the molecular and chromosomal level in the mealybug Planococcus citri. We found that in both males and females the paternally derived haploid set is hypomethylated with respect to the maternally derived one. Therefore, in males, it is the paternally derived hypomethylated haploid set that is heterochromatized. Our data suggest that the two haploid sets are imprinted by parent-of-origin-specific DNA methylation with no correlation with the known gene-silencing properties of this base modification.  (+info)

Lettuce infectious yellows virus: in vitro acquisition analysis using partially purified virions and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. (3/685)

Virions of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV; genus Crinivirus) were purified from LIYV-infected plants and their protein composition was analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Virion preparations contained the major capsid protein (CP), but the minor capsid protein (CPm), p59 and the HSP70 homologue were also identified by immunoblot analysis. Immunogold labelling analysis showed that CP constituted the majority of the LIYV virion capsid, but CPm was also part of the capsid and localized to one end of the virion, similar to the polar morphology seen for viruses in the genus Closterovirus. p59 and the HSP70 homologue were not detected on virions by immunogold labelling, but were always detected in virion preparations by immunoblot analysis. Purified LIYV virions were used for in vitro acquisition analysis with Bemisia tabaci whiteflies and were efficiently transmitted to plants. Infectivity neutralization analyses were done using antisera to the LIYV-encoded CP, CPm, p59 and HSP70 homologue. Only antiserum to the CPm effectively neutralized LIYV transmission by B. tabaci. These data suggest that the LIYV-B. tabaci transmission determinants are associated with purified virions, and that the LIYV virion structural protein CPm is involved in transmission by B. tobaci.  (+info)

A staufen-like RNA-binding protein in translocation channels linking nurse cells to oocytes in Notonecta shows nucleotide-dependent attachment to microtubules. (4/685)

In Drosophila melanogaster the staufen gene encodes an RNA-binding protein that is essential for the correct localization of certain nurse cell-derived transcripts in oocytes. Although the mechanism underlying mRNA localization is unknown, mRNA-staufen complexes have been shown to move in a microtubule-dependent manner, and it has been suggested that staufen associates with a motor protein which generates the movement. We have investigated this possibility using Notonecta glauca in which nurse cells also supply the oocytes with mRNA, but via greatly extended nutritive tubes comprised of large aggregates of parallel microtubules. Using a staufen peptide antibody and RNA probes we have identified a staufen-like protein, which specifically binds double-stranded RNA, in the nutritive tubes of Notonecta. We show that while the staufen-like protein does not co-purify with microtubules from ovaries using standard procedures it does so under conditions of motor-entrapment, specifically in the presence of AMP-PNP. We also show that the staufen-like protein is subsequently removed by ATP and GTP, but not ADP. Nucleotide-dependent binding to microtubules is typical of a motor-mediated interaction and the pattern of attachment and detachment of the staufen-like protein correlates with that of a kinesin protein within the ovaries. Our findings indicate that the staufen-like RNA-binding protein attaches to, and is transported along, Notonecta ovarian microtubules by a kinesin motor.  (+info)

Tomographic 3D reconstruction of quick-frozen, Ca2+-activated contracting insect flight muscle. (5/685)

Motor actions of myosin were directly visualized by electron tomography of insect flight muscle quick-frozen during contraction. In 3D images, active cross-bridges are usually single myosin heads, bound preferentially to actin target zones sited midway between troponins. Active attached bridges (approximately 30% of all heads) depart markedly in axial and azimuthal angles from Rayment's rigor acto-S1 model, one-third requiring motor domain (MD) tilting on actin, and two-thirds keeping rigor contact with actin while the light chain domain (LCD) tilts axially from approximately 105 degrees to approximately 70 degrees. The results suggest the MD tilts and slews on actin from weak to strong binding, followed by swinging of the LCD through an approximately 35 degrees axial angle, giving an approximately 13 nm interaction distance and an approximately 4-6 nm working stroke.  (+info)

Ectopic gene expression and homeotic transformations in arthropods using recombinant Sindbis viruses. (6/685)

BACKGROUND: The morphological diversity of arthropods makes them attractive subjects for studying the evolution of developmental mechanisms. Comparative analyses suggest that arthropod diversity has arisen largely as a result of changes in expression patterns of genes that control development. Direct analysis of how a particular gene functions in a given species during development is hindered by the lack of broadly applicable techniques for manipulating gene expression. RESULTS: We report that the Arbovirus Sindbis can be used to deliver high levels of gene expression in vivo in a number of non-host arthropod species without causing cytopathic effects in infected cells or impairing development. Using recombinant Sindbis virus, we investigated the function of the homeotic gene Ultrabithorax in the development of butterfly wings and beetle embryos. Ectopic Ultrabithorax expression in butterfly forewing imaginal discs was sufficient to cause the transformation of characteristic forewing properties in the adult, including scale morphology and pigmentation, to those of the hindwing. Expression of Ultrabithorax in beetle embryos outside of its endogenous expression domain affected normal development of the body wall cuticle and appendages. CONCLUSIONS: The homeotic genes have long been thought to play an important role in the diversification of arthropod appendages. Using recombinant Sindbis virus, we were able to investigate homeotic gene function in non-model arthropod species. We found that Ultrabithorax is sufficient to confer hindwing identity in butterflies and alter normal development of anterior structures in beetles. Recombinant Sindbis virus has broad potential as a tool for analyzing how the function of developmental genes has changed during the diversification of arthropods.  (+info)

Odorant binding protein diversity and distribution among the insect orders, as indicated by LAP, an OBP-related protein of the true bug Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). (7/685)

Insect odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are thought to deliver odors to olfactory receptors, and thus may be the first biochemical step in odor reception capable of some level of odor discrimination. OBPs have been identified from numerous species of several insect orders, including Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera; all are holometabolous insects belonging to the monophyletic division of insects known as the Endopterygota. Recently, an antennal protein with OBP-like properties was identified from Lygus lineolaris, a hemipteran insect representing the Hemipteroid Assemblage, a sister division to the Endopterygota. The full length sequence of Lygus antennal protein (LAP) is presented in this report. In situ hybridization analysis revealed LAP expression in cell clusters associating with olfactory sensilla; expression was adult-specific, initiating in developing adult tissue during the transitional period that precedes the actual adult molt. Sequence analysis confirmed that LAP is homologous with the OBP-related protein family, and most similar to the OS-E and OS-F proteins of Drosophila, the ABPX proteins of Lepidoptera and the OBPRP proteins of the Coleoptera. Assuming that the OBP-related proteins represent one homologous family, the identification of LAP significantly expands the phylogenetic depth of that family and its underlying role in odor detection to encompass all members of the Endopterygota and Hemipteroid Assemblage, which comprise >90% of all insect species.  (+info)

Haematophagy and cleptohaematophagy of clerada apicicornis (Hemiptera: lygaeidae), a potential biological control agent of rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: reduviidae). (8/685)

Because of its ability to prey on Triatominae in rural houses, Clerada apicicornis has been suggested as a potential biological control agent of Rhodnius prolixus. It has also been suggested as a potential vector of mammalian trypanosomes such as Trypanosoma cruzi, because of its ability to take blood directly from mammals. To help resolve these conflicting ideas, we assessed the haematophagic behaviour of C. apicicornis by carrying out feeding trials on laboratory animals. Cleptohaematophagic behaviour was also assessed by allowing C. apicicornis to feed on R. prolixus previously engorged with avian blood. The low proportion of blood meals taken directly from laboratory animals indicates a facultative haematophagy in this species, whereas a greater proportion of nymphs and adults were able to obtain vertebrate blood by predation on engorged R. prolixus. The results suggest that C. apicicornis is unlikely to be effective as a biological control agent, but is also unlikely to have a significant role in the transmission of vertebrate pathogens.  (+info)

Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology. 18: 265-267. Ahmed, A. M., R. Muhamad, D. Omar, I. V. Grozescu, D. L. Majid, G. Manjeri. 2016. Mating behaviour of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae) under certain biological and environmental factors. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 48(1): 11-23. Azzam, S., F. Wang, J. C. Wu, J. Shen, L. P. Wang, G. Q. Yang, Y. R. Guo. 2009. Comparisons of stimulatory effects of a series of concentrations of four insecticides on reproduction in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae). International Journal of Pest Management. 55(4): 347-358. Bambaradeniya, C. N. B., F. P. Amarasinghe. 2003. Biodiversity associated with the rice field agroecosystem in Asian countries: A brief review. Working Paper 63. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. Bao, H. B., H. L. Gao, Y. X. Zhang, D. Z. Fan, J. C. Fang, Z. W. Liu. 2016. ...
Whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) are confused by the commingled odors of tomato, watermelon, watercress, zucchini, cucumber, Savoy cabbage, and dwarf French beans ...
In coastal California, the principal vector of PD was Graphocephala atropunctata, known as the blue-green sharpshooter (BGSS) (52). BGSS overwinters in riparian vegetation but readily feeds and multiplies on grapevines. These insects transmit Xf in a persistent manner, with a short or even no latent period required between acquisition and transmission (44). In the southeastern USA, another sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis Germar (Fig. 2) (61), was identified as a vector of Xf. Homalodisca vitripennis [formerly Homalodisca coagulata (60)], popularly known as the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), was introduced to California in the 1990s. BGSS and GWSS have similar feeding habits. However, BGSS prefers to feed on young leaves and tissues while GWSS, although it can exist on these tissues, is also found on woody parts of the plants (29). At present, GWSS is considered to be the most efficient vector of PD because it displays greater mobility, is capable of feeding on older woody stems, and ...
Invasive whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a highly destructive agricultural and ornamental crop pest. As a group, B. tabaci damages host plants through phloem feeding and vectoring plant pathogens. Introductions of B. tabaci are difficult to quarantine and eradicate due to high reproductive rates, broad host plant range, and resistance to chemical insecticides. A 658 Mb draft genome for the Q-type B. tabaci (MED/Q) assembled and annotated with 20,786 protein-coding genes. Metabolic pathways show an expansion in the number of gene family members, in particular, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Additionally, amino acid biosynthesis pathways are partitioning among host and endosymbiont genomes in a manner that is distinct from other hemipteran systems, wherein evidence of horizontal gene transfer to the host genome likely form the basis of obligatory relationships. Putative loss of function of the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway due to gene loss is a shared ancestral trait of hemipteran insects
Invasive whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a highly destructive agricultural and ornamental crop pest. As a group, B. tabaci damages host plants through phloem feeding and vectoring plant pathogens. Introductions of B. tabaci are difficult to quarantine and eradicate due to high reproductive rates, broad host plant range, and resistance to chemical insecticides. A 658 Mb draft genome for the Q-type B. tabaci (MED/Q) assembled and annotated with 20,786 protein-coding genes. Metabolic pathways show an expansion in the number of gene family members, in particular, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Additionally, amino acid biosynthesis pathways are partitioning among host and endosymbiont genomes in a manner that is distinct from other hemipteran systems, wherein evidence of horizontal gene transfer to the host genome likely form the basis of obligatory relationships. Putative loss of function of the immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway due to gene loss is a shared ancestral trait of hemipteran insects
Selection and Evaluation of Potential Reference Genes for Gene Expression Analysis in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Hemiptera: Delphacidae Using Reverse-Transcription Quantitative PCR. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Campos, Z.R.; Boica, A.L.; Jr; Lourencao, A.L.; Campos, A.R., 2005: Cotton crop effects on Bemisia tabaci Genn biotype B Hemiptera Aleyrodidae oviposition Fatores que afetam a oviposicao de Bemisia tabaci Genn biotipo B Hemiptera Aleyrodidae na cultura algodoeira
Unscramble hemipteran, Unscramble letters hemipteran, Point value for hemipteran, Word Decoder for hemipteran, Word generator using the letters hemipteran, Word Solver hemipteran, Possible Scrabble words with hemipteran, Anagram of hemipteran
Introduction. Whitefly is a small insect that infests a diverse array of plants. More than 1,500 species of whitefly have been discovered worldwide. Whiteflies comprise the family Aleyrodidae. The nymphs and adults are injurious to plants. They feed by extracting sap, and other plant liquids from new growth. The persistent feeding causes leaf discoloration, while stunting growth, and reducing crop and flower yield. Dense whitefly populations will gradually weaken host plants, rendering them more susceptible to disease pathogens, and other environmental stressors. Small plants may eventually succumb to infestation.. Distribution & Habitat. Whitefly has a global distribution. It may be found wherever susceptible plants are present. Whitefly is most prevalent in North America, Asia, and southern Africa.. Hosts. Whitefly infests more than 250 ornamental and vegetable plants. Common hosts include astilbe, cabbage, chenille, citrus, columbine, cucumber, chrysanthemum, dicentra, eggplant, flowering ...
AKT-interacting protein (AKTIP) interacts with serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT. AKTIP modulates AKTs activity by enhancing the phosphorylation of the regulatory site and plays a crucial role in multiple biological processes. In this study, the full length cDNA of NlAKTIP, a novel AKTIP gene in the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, was cloned. The reverse transcription quantitive PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that the NlAKTIP gene was strongly expressed in gravid female adults, but was relatively weakly expressed in nymphs and male adult BPH. In female BPH, treatment with dsAKTIP resulted in the efficient silencing of NlAKTIP, leading to a significant reduction of mRNA levels, about 50% of those of the untreated control group at day 7 of the study. BPH fed with dsAKTIP had reduced growth with lower body weights and smaller sizes, and the body weight of BPH treated with dsAKTIP at day 7 decreased to about 30% of that of the untreated control. Treatment of dsAKTIP significantly
BioAssay record AID 1081063 submitted by ChEMBL: Insecticidal activity against compound sensitive second-instar larvae Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper) in compound rice seedlings assessed as mortality at 25 degC measured after 6 days.
Abstract. Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are small, plant-sucking insects which comprise the second largest family of scale insects (Coccoidea). Relationships among many pseudococcid genera are poorly known and there is no stable higher level classification. Here we review previous hypotheses on relationships and classification and present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of the Pseudococcidae based on analysis of nucleotide sequence data. We used three nuclear genes, comprising two noncontiguous fragments of elongation factor 1α (EF-1α 5′ and EF-1α 3′), fragments of the D2 and D10 expansion regions of the large subunit ribosomal DNA gene (28S), and a region of the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene (18S). We sampled sixty-four species of mealybug belonging to thirty-five genera and representing each of the five subfamilies which had been recognized previously, and included four species of Puto (Putoidae) and one species each of Aclerda (Aclerdidae) and Icerya ...
Hamzah, Nuratiqah (2018) Comparison and the effect of selected insecticide against thrips on capsicum annum / Nuratiqah Hamzah. Student Project. Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Jasin, Melaka. (Unpublished) Hasran, Mohd Hasmirul (2017) A review on the toxicity of insecticides against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in paddy / Mohd Hasmirul Hasran. Student Project. Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Jasin, Melaka. (Unpublished) ...
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the Homoptera - groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known Homoptera, and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Lesser-known insects largely regarded as Homoptera are the Coleorrhyncha. However, the taxonomic status of the Hemiptera and Homoptera is currently under investigation and discussion. See Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha for more information.
A species of scale insect new to Florida is potentially one of the most devastating pests of trees and shrubs in the states history. The lobate lac scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kerriidae), a scale insect native to India and Sri Lanka, was found for the first time in Florida in August 1999 by personnel of the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry (DPI) (Hamon 2001). The identification of the species by Avas Hamon of DPI was confirmed by D. R. Miller of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD. This first record was on a hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in the town of Davie (Broward County). The plant was destroyed by DPI personnel. Plants in the vicinity of this infested hibiscus were inspected without finding P. lobata lobata. However, the species was found again in 2000 on a Benjamin fig (Ficus benjamina) in Davie, on cocoplum (Chrysobalanus ...
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In economic terms, grapes are worth US $3.2 billion and associated economic activity exceeds US $33 billion in California. In addition, crops such as...
XET-MULL, Ana M; QUESADA, Tania y ESPINOZA, Ana M. Phylogenetic position of the yeast-like symbiotes of Tagosodes orizicolus (Homoptera: Delphacidae) based on 18S ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Rev. biol. trop [online]. 2004, vol.52, n.3, pp.777-785. ISSN 0034-7744.. Tagosodes orizicolus Muir (Homoptera: Delphacidae), the endemic delphacid species of tropical America carries yeast-like symbiotes (YLS) in the abdominal fat bodies and the ovarial tissues, like other rice planthoppers of Asia. These YLS are obligate symbiotes, which are transmitted transovarially, and maintain a mutualistic relationship with the insect host. This characteristic has made in vitro culture and classification of YLS rather difficult using conventional methods. Nevertheless, microorganisms of similar characteristics have been successfully classified by using molecular taxonomy. In the present work, the YLS of Tagosodes orizicolus(YLSTo) were purified on Percoll® gradients, and specific segments of 18S rDNA were ...
Invasive species are valuable model systems for examining the evolutionary processes and molecular mechanisms associated with their specific characteristics by comparison with closely related species. Over the past 20 years, two species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED), have both spread from their origin Middle East/Mediterranean to many countries despite their apparent differences in many life history parameters. Previously, we have sequenced the transcriptome of MED. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of MEAM1 and took a comparative genomic approach to investigate the transcriptome evolution and the genetic factors underlying the differences between MEAM1 and MED. Using Illumina sequencing technology, we generated 17 million sequencing reads for MEAM1. These reads were assembled into 57,741 unique sequences and 15,922 sequences were annotated with an E-value above 10-5. Compared with the MED transcriptome, we identified
Systemic Insecticide for Whiteflies on Tomatoes. Although several whitefly species are attracted to tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum), the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) is most prevalent. The tiny, light-yellow flies with white wings congregate on the back of leaves but fly off the plant when ...
Berger EW. 1909. Whitefly studies in 1908. Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 97: 43-97.. Evans GA, Hamon AB. (2002). Whitefly taxonomic and ecological Web site: an on-line interactive catalog of the whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of the world and their parasites and predators. http://www.fsca-dpi.org/homoptera_hemiptera/Whitefly/whitefly_catalog.htm (13 September 2016). Fasulo TR, Brooks RF. (2001). Whitefly pests of citrus. EDIS. (no longer available online). Fulmex L. 1943. Virtsindex der Aleyrodiden - und Cocciden-parasiten. Entomol. Beih. Berl. Bahlem. 10: 30.. Hamon AB. (2001). Whitefly of citrus in Florida. Division of Plant Industry, FDACS. http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Bureaus-and-Services/Bureau-of-Pest-Eradication-Control/Citrus-Health-Response-Program/Key-to-Whitefly-of-Citrus-in-Florida (13 September 2016). Jensen AS. 2001. A cladistic analysis of Dialeurodes, Massilieurodes and Singhiella, with notes and keys to the Nearctic ...
The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) is an important pest of tomatoes in Florida and elsewhere. Associated with populations of the whitefly is an irregular ripening disorder of fruit characterized by inhibited or incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit and by an increase in the amount of interior white tissue. Experiments were conducted during the spring and fall tomato production seasons of 1995 and 1996 to elucidate the relationship of nymphal and pupal density with severity of the disorder. Insecticides or insecticide combinations were applied at predetermined densities of whitefly nymphs and pupae and the subsequent severity of the disorder was rated separately for external and internal symptoms on red ripe fruit harvested weekly. Expression of irregular ripening symptoms, especially external symptoms, were correlated positively to the density of whitefly nymphs and pupae (number·10-1 terminal leaflets on the seventh to eighth leaf from the top of a ...
The whiteflies, comprising only the family Aleyrodidae, are small hemipterans which typically feed on the underside of plant leaves. While feeding damage can cause economic losses, it is the ability of whiteflies to transmit or spread viruses that has had the widest impact on global food production. In the tropics and subtropics, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)have become one of the most serious crop protection problems. Economic losses are estimated in the hundreds of millions of dollars. While several species of whitefly cause crop losses through direct feeding, a species complex, or group of whiteflies in the genus Bemisia are important in the transmission of plant diseases. Bemisia tabaci and B. argentifolii, transmit African cassava mosaic, bean golden mosaic, bean dwarf mosaic, bean calico mosaic, tomato yellow leaf-curl, tomato mottle, and other Begomoviruses, in the Family: Geminiviridae. The world-wide spread of emerging biotypes, such as B. tabaci biotype B, also known as, B. ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
With the establishment of the Library in 1926, the first collection acquired was that of the founder, John Gennadius, and his father, George Gennadius. Ten years later the family of Heinrich Schliemann, the excavator of Troy and Mycenae, deposited his personal papers in the Gennadius Library. Originally on loan, the papers were purchased in 1962 thanks to a generous grant from the Eli Lilly Endowment. It was the first serious commitment of the American School towards the creation of an organized archival repository at the Gennadius Library. A short time later in 1963, the papers of the famous orchestra conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos were donated to the Library by his literary heirs. The collections continued to grow in importance. In 1971 poet and Nobel laureate George Seferis stipulated in his will that all his manuscripts and papers should come to the Gennadius Library, a wish which was honored by his widow Maro Seferi. These developments were not accidental and it is only befitting to draw ...
Citation: McKenzie, C.L., Albano, J.P. 2009. The effect of time of sweetpotato whitefly infestation on plant nutrition and development of tomato irregular ripening disorder. Horticulture Technology. 19(2):353-359. Interpretive Summary: Tomato irregular ripening (TIR) disorder is associated with Bemisia tabaci biotype B feeding and is characterized by incomplete ripening of longitudinal sections of fruit. Our objective was to determine the effect of time of whitefly infestation on plant nutrition and the development of tomato irregular ripening disorder. Healthy tomato plants were introduced to whitefly infestations at different developmental stages of plant growth (control, 5-7 true leaf, flower, green fruit, and breaking red fruit). Nutrition, plant and whitefly parameters were monitored over time and fruit was rated for tomato irregular ripening disorder at final harvest. We found infestations of the B-biotype whitefly can cause substantial losses in tomato crop production due to tomato ...
Citation: Hert, M., Hunter, W.B., Katsar, C.S., Sinisterra, X.H., Hall, D.G., Katsar, C.S., Powell, C.A. 2009. Reovirus-like sequences isolated from adult Asian citrus psyllid, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae: Diaphorina Citri). Florida Entomologist. 92:314-320. Interpretive Summary: We discovered an insect infecting virus in field collected Asian citrus psyllids in Florida. The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a small insect that feeds on the sap of citrus trees and is the primary vector of the plant pathogenic bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticum, which causes Huanglongbing, HLB, also known as Citrus Greening. The bacterium, which was recently discovered in Florida, causes severe economic losses to citrus making the fruit taste bad. To identify new biological control agents in psyllid populations we examined the genetic sequences from adult psyllids collected from citrus trees. We identified a new insect virus which was similar to the insect-infecting ...
General Periodical Cicada Information Click here to see information about the 2021 periodical cicada emergence Periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) are among the most unusual of insects, with long life cycles, infrequent, periodic mass emergences, striking appearance, and noisy behaviors. Period ...
Morphology of the Female Reproductive System and Physiological Age-Grading of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a Biological Control Agent of Water Hyacinth
The cryptic species Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), formerly referred to as B biotype, of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci complex entered China in the mid 1990s, and the Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species, formerly referred to as Q biotype, of the same whitefly complex entered China around 2003. Field surveys in China after 2003 indicate that in many regions MED has been replacing the earlier invader MEAM1. The factors underlying this displacement are unclear. We conducted laboratory experiments and field sampling to examine the effects of insecticide application on the competitive interactions between MEAM1 and MED. In the laboratory, on cotton, a plant showing similar levels of suitability to both whitefly species, MEAM1 displaced MED in five generations when initial populations of the two species were equal and no insecticide was applied. In contrast, MED displaced MEAM1 in seven and two generations, respectively, when 12.5 and 50.0 mg l−1 imidacloprid was applied to the plants via soil ...
Sogatella furcifera is an important phloem sap-sucking and plant virus-transmitting migratory insect of rice. Because of its high reproductive potential, dispersal capability and transmission of plant viral diseases, S. furcifera causes considerable damage to rice grain production and has great economical and agricultural impacts. Here we present a total of 241.3 Gb of raw reads from the whole genome of S. furcifera generated by Illumina sequencing using different combinations of mate-pair and paired-end libraries from 17 insert libraries ranging between 180 bp and 40 kbp. The final genome assembly (0.72 Gb), with average N50 contig size of 70.7 kb and scaffold N50 of 1.18 Mb, covers 98.6% of the estimated genome size of S. furcifera. Genome annotation, assisted by eight different developmental stages (embryos, 1st-5th instar nymphs, 5-day-old adults and 10-day-old adults), generated 21 254 protein-coding genes, which captured 99.59% (247/248) of core CEGMA genes and 91.7% (2453/2675) of BUSCO genes.
Looking for hemipteran? Find out information about hemipteran. The true bugs, an order of the class Insecta characterized by forewings differentiated into a basal area and a membranous apical region. , an order of... Explanation of hemipteran
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reassessment of Dalbulus leafhopper (homoptera. T2 - cicadellidae) phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. AU - Dietrich, Christopher H. AU - Fitzgerald, S. J.. AU - Holmes, J. L.. AU - Black IV, W. C.. AU - Nault, L. R.. PY - 1998/9. Y1 - 1998/9. N2 - Conflicting hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships among leafhopper species in the genus Dalbulus DeLong have resulted from analyses of morphological and allozyme data. To improve the phylogenetic estimate, nucleotide sequence data from 340 bp of the mitochondrial 12S rDNA gene and 942 bp of the NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) gene were compiled for 10 species of Dalbulus, 1 species of its putative sister group. Baldulus, and 2 outgroups. Intraspecific branch lengths were estimated for Dalbulus gelbus DeLong. Dalbulus maidis (DeLong and Wolcott), and Baldulus tripsaci Kramer and Whitcomb. Sequences were aligned based on secondary structure models of the 12S gene and along codons in the ND1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses of the ...
Many insect groups depend on ancient obligate symbioses with bacteria that undergo long-term genomic degradation due to inactivation and loss of ancestral genes. Sap-feeding insects in the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha show complex symbioses with at least two obligate bacterial symbionts, inhabiting specialized host cells (bacteriocytes). We explored the symbiotic relationships of the spittlebugs (Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopoidea) using phylogenetic and microscopy methods. Results show that most spittlebugs contain the symbionts Sulcia muelleri (Bacteroidetes) and Zinderia insecticola (Betaproteobacteria) with each restricted to its own bacteriocyte type. However, the ancestral Zinderia symbiont has been replaced with a novel symbiont closely related to Sodalis glossinidius (Enterobacteriaceae) in members of the ecologically successful spittlebug tribe Philaenini. At least one spittlebug species retains Sulcia and Zinderia, but also has acquired a Sodalis-like symbiont, possibly representing a ...
ID Challenge #4 seems to have been a little more difficult than I anticipated - only a few people mustered the courage to even hazard a guess, of whom TGIQ emerged with maximum points to take the win. Looking sort of like a cross between a leafhopper (family Cicadellidae) and a treehopper (family Membracidae), Aetalion reticulatum is one of a few species and the only genus comprising the family Aetalionidae. While lacking the pronotal processes that characterize species in the much more diverse and better known Membracidae, aetalionids are nevertheless considered treehoppers as well, along with another little-known family Melizoderidae. As a whole, the Aetalionidae + Melizoderidae + Membracidae form a sister group to the Cicadellidae (Deitz and Dietrich 1993), which combine to form the most diverse and successful lineage of sap-sucking phytophagous insects. Like many treehoppers, A. reticulatum exhibits ant-mutualistic and presocial behaviors; however, it remains unclear whether these behaviors ...
Abstract The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a major rice pest in some Asia-Pacific countries. Buprofezin is an insect growth regulator with relatively low mammalian toxicity but high efficacy to many rice pests. In this study, we estimated the toxicity of buprofezin against 3rd-instar nymphs of S. furcifera using the rice-stem dipping method. The results showed that the LC50 of buprofezin to 3rd-instar nymphs were 0.89 mg/L. When 3rd-instar nymphs were exposed to the LC10 and LC25 (0.10 and 0.28 mg/L) of buprofezin, the duration of juvenile development was significantly prolonged in the F0 and F1 generations. The fecundity (eggs per female) of the F1 females was reduced by 5.29% and 12.34%, respectively, in addition to the survival rate, emergence rate, copulation rate, and hatchability were decreased by treatment with buprofezin at LC10 and LC25, compared with the control group. The relative fitness of S. furcifera in LC10 and LC25
The invention discloses the devices that double crawler belts that a kind of railway platform uses laterally quickly transfer car, it is that a kind of device used using the railway platform that high-speed railway network quickly transports car is arranged in, the main points of its technical scheme are that, it mainly includes power device, transmission shaft, driving wheel, follower, support roller, double crawler belts, bearing block, support plinth, car carrying platform, double crawler belts are two crawler belts being parallel to each other, double crawler belts are arranged on the car carrying platform of train, double crawler belts are by corresponding two groups of driving wheels, passive wheel drive, multiple support rollers are provided between driving wheel and follower at each group, the power device drives transmission shaft, transmission shaft drives driving wheel, car on the double crawler belts of active wheel drive is run to same direction.The device of the invention may be
Abstract does not appear. First page follows. Introduction Several undescribed species of California mealybugs have been discovered since the author published his Taxonomic Study of California Mealybugs, with Descriptions of New Species.3 Some of these new forms have been found after an examination of countless slide preparations represented in several Coccoidea collections, while others have been collected in the field by various county, state, and university personnel. Recently, some interesting mealybug recoveries have been made from soil samples processed in Berlese traps. As a matter of fact, of the 13 pseudococcid species herein described as new, 4 were taken from this type of trap. Adaptation of this procedure for collecting mealybugs has provided a new way to gather information about the mealybug fauna of California. It is contemplated that in the future more emphasis will be placed on this method of
Safari® 20 SG Insecticide, a super-systemic insecticide with quick uptake and knockdown, controls a broad spectrum of ferocious and invasive pests, including Q- and B-biotype whitefly, Hemlock woolly adelgid, emerald ash borer, mealybug, leafminer, fungus gnat, black vine weevil, glassy-winged sharpshooter, armored and soft scales and lacebug-some of the most costly pests that affect trees, shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals in the landscape and production ornamental markets.. ...
Bruce Avery, P. and Kumar, V. and Simmonds, M.S.J. and Nicklin, Jane (2014) Influence of leaf trichome type, and density on the host plant selection by the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology , ISSN 0003-6862. ...
Populations of Bemisa tabaci MEAM1 were established from nineteen locations in south Florida, primarily from commercial tomato fields, and were tested using a cotton leaf petiole systemic uptake method for susceptibility to the nicotinic acetylcholine agonist insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and flupyradifurone. Eleven populations produced LC50s for one or more chemicals that were not significantly different from the susceptible laboratory colony based on overlapping fiducial limits, indicating some degree of susceptibility. LC50s more than a 100-fold the laboratory colony were measured in at least one population for each material tested, indicating tolerance. LC50s (ppm) from field populations ranged from 0.901-24.952 for imidacloprid, 0.965-24.430 for thiamethoxam, 0.043-3.350 for dinotefuran and 0.011-1.471 for flupyradifurone. Based on overlapping fiducial limits, there were no significant differences in relative mean potency estimates for flupyradifurone and dinotefuran in
Free Online Library: Trailers transporting oranges to processing plants move Asian citrus psyllids.(Report) by Florida Entomologist; Biological sciences Automobiles Bacteria, Phytopathogenic Research Disease transmission Phytopathogenic bacteria Plant diseases
Discover Lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Cicadellidae - Leafhoppers -- Discover Life
Not only are the periodical cicada lifecycles curious for their prime numbers 13 or 17, but also their evolution is intricately tied to one- and four-year changes in their lifecycles.[17][19] One-year changes are less common than four-year changes and are probably tied to variation in local climatic conditions. Four-year early and late emergences are common and involve a much larger proportion of the population than one-year changes. Recent research suggests, in extant periodical cicadas, the 13- and 17-year lifecycles evolved at least eight different times in the last 4 million years and that different species with identical lifecycles developed their overlapping geographic distribution by synchronization of lifecycle to existing dominant populations.[40] The same study estimates that the Decim species group split from the common ancestor of the Decula plus Cassini species groups around 4 million years ago (Mya). At around 2.5 Mya, the Cassini and Decula groups split from each other. The Sota ...
While cicadas can damage smaller-diameter branches of many species of trees and shrubs, treatment is not warranted in most cases. If you have a small number of newly planted trees, they can be protected by covering them with netting.. With the Brood X emergence, you will eventually see cicada killer wasps, which are 2-inch-long predators of cicadas. Like their scary-looking and loud prey, these beastly looking winged creatures are nothing to be alarmed about, despite their horror-movie looks, DNR said. Cicada killers attack cicadas in mid-air and use their massive, strong stingers to penetrate their shell. Once stung, their prey is paralyzed, jetted back to the nest, and eaten by the cicada killers offspring grub. Sometimes called cicada hawks, cicada killers are here every year, DNR said. More information is at https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/publications/E-47/E-47.html. According to DNR, you can be a citizen scientist and report cicada emergence by downloading Cicada Safari on your mobile ...
BACKGROUND: The widespread planting of insect-resistant crops has caused a dramatic shift in agricultural landscapes, thus raising concerns about the potential impact on both target and non-target pests worldwide. In this study, we examined the potential effects of six seed-mixture ratios of insect-resistant dominance (100%-R100, 95%-S05R95, 90%-S10R90, 80%-S20R80, 60%-S40R60, and 0%-S100) on target and non-target pests in a 2-year field trial in southern China. RESULTS: The occurrence of target pests, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, decreased with the increased ratio of resistant rice, and the mixture ratios with ≥90% resistant rice significantly increased the pest suppression efficiency, with lowest occurrences of non-target pests, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, in S100 and S10R90 seed-mixture ratios ...
BACKGROUND: The widespread planting of insect-resistant crops has caused a dramatic shift in agricultural landscapes, thus raising concerns about the potential impact on both target and non-target pests worldwide. In this study, we examined the potential effects of six seed-mixture ratios of insect-resistant dominance (100%-R100, 95%-S05R95, 90%-S10R90, 80%-S20R80, 60%-S40R60, and 0%-S100) on target and non-target pests in a 2-year field trial in southern China. RESULTS: The occurrence of target pests, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera, decreased with the increased ratio of resistant rice, and the mixture ratios with ≥90% resistant rice significantly increased the pest suppression efficiency, with lowest occurrences of non-target pests, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, in S100 and S10R90 seed-mixture ratios ...
In the first cytogenetic study of the recently proposed family Myerslopiidae the male karyotype of Mapuchea chilensis (Nielson, 1996) was analyzed using conventional chromosome staining, AgNOR- and C-bandings, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes. A karyotype of 2n = 16 + XY, NOR on a medium-sized pair of autosomes, subterminal location of C-heterochromatin, and presence of (TTAGG)n telomeric sequence were determined. Additionally, the male internal reproductive system was studied.
The full program for the symposium, Synthesis in Sternorrhyncha Systematics, has now been approved! The symposium will take place at the International Congress of Entomology in Orlando, Florida, the afternoon of September 29. It will bring together systematists working at all different levels (fossils, morphology, phylogenetics, speciation, and more) on all four groups of Sternorrhyncha (aphids, psyllids, scale insects, whiteflies).. OBJECTIVES and DESCRIPTION Various Sternorrhyncha taxa are important research models for speciation and host-parasite-associated evolution (both plant-insect and insect-endosymbiont), display interesting biological phenomena such as host alternation and polyphenism, and are among the most important crop pests, especially as vectors of plant diseases. Many insect systematists associate at the ordinal or other higher taxonomic level, e.g., the International Society of Hymenopterists, the International Heteropterists Society, and the North American Dipterists ...
The Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Cicadellidae family), vectors the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). A subspecies of Xf, also called fastidiosa, causes Pierces Disease (PD) in vinifera grape varieties.. GWSS is native to the southeastern US and northeastern Mexico. PD, present in California for over 100 years, did not pose a severe threat to agriculture until the introduction of GWSS in the 1990s. The biology, feeding habits, and large host range of GWSS make it more effective in transmitting PD than native insects. In 2000, APHIS issued a Declaration of Emergency to control and prevent the spread of GWSS and PD in California, and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) organized the Pierces Disease Control Program (PDCP).. Xf is linked to many other plant diseases, including leaf scorch of almond, oleander, olive, and plum. Other diseases include Alfalfa Dwarf, Phony Peach Disease, and Citrus Variegated Chlorosis.In combination with an ...
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a DNA virus from the genus Begomovirus and the family Geminiviridae. TYLCV causes the most destructive disease of tomato, and it can be found in tropical and subtropical regions causing severe economic losses. This virus is transmitted by an insect vector from the family Aleyrodidae and order Hemiptera, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, commonly known as the silverleaf whitefly or the sweet potato whitefly. The primary host for TYLCV is the tomato plant, and other plant hosts where TYLCV infection has been found include eggplants, potatoes, tobacco, beans, and peppers. Due to the rapid spread of TYLCV in the last few decades, there is an increased focus in research trying to understand and control this damaging pathogen. Some interesting findings include virus being sexually transmitted from infected males to non-infected females (and vice versa), and an evidence that TYLCV is transovarially transmitted to offspring for two generations. This virus consists of ...
The glassy-winged sharpshooter is a major vector of Pierces Disease, which kills grape vines. Pierces Disease devastated the grape industry in southern California and lead to the creation of the Pierces Disease/Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Board (PD/GWSS Board). Government programs to fund research on glassy-winged sharpshooters and Pierces Disease invest nearly $20 million annually.. California Ag Today recently spoke with Ken Freeze, the outreach and education director for PD/GWSS. He told us about two major methods of control and prevention that the board is funding.. Theres the area-wide control program, which does everything it possibly can to pretty much keep the glassy-winged sharpshooter confined to basically the southern part of the state, Freeze said.. This control program prevents the further spread of Pierces Disease into other parts of the state, which could devastate wine growers. In addition to preventing the further spread of Pierces Disease, the board is also funding ...
In this study, sequences of small RNA (sRNA) libraries derived from the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus were assembled into contigs and used as queries for database searches. A large number of contigs were highly homologous to the genome sequence of an insect dicistrovirus, himetobi P virus (HiPV). Interestingly, HiPV-derived sRNAs had a wide size distribution, and were relatively abundant throughout the 18-30 nt size range with only a slight peak at 22 nt. HiPV sRNAs had a strong bias towards the sense strand, whilst the antisense sRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nt. HiPV sRNAs do not have the typical features of PIWI-interacting RNAs, but their 3′ ends were preferentially cleaved at UA-rich sequences. Our data suggest that HiPV sRNAs may be derived both from activities of the RNA interference pathway and from cleavage of the viral genome by other host RNases.
The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) is an important agricultural pest that not only damages rice plants by sap-sucking, but also acts as a vector that transmits rice stripe virus (RSV), which can cause even more serious yield loss. Despite being a model organism for studying entomology, population biology, plant protection, molecular interactions among plants, viruses and insects, only a few genomic sequences are available for this species. To investigate its transcriptome and determine the differences between viruliferous and naïve L. striatellus, we employed 454-FLX high-throughput pyrosequencing to generate EST databases of this insect. We obtained 201,281 and 218,681 high-quality reads from viruliferous and naïve L. striatellus, respectively, with an average read length as 230 bp. These reads were assembled into contigs and two EST databases were generated. When all reads were combined, 16,885 contigs and 24,607 singletons (a total of 41,492 unigenes) were obtained, which
The high osmotic pressure generated by sugars in plant phloem sap is reduced in phloem-feeding aphids by sugar transformations and facilitated water flux in the gut. The genes mediating these osmoregulatory functions have been identified and validated empirically in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: sucrase 1 (SUC1), a sucrase in glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13), and aquaporin 1 (AQP1), a member of the Drosophila integral protein (DRIP) family of aquaporins. Here, we describe molecular analysis of GH13 and AQP genes in phloem-feeding representatives of the four phloem-feeding groups: aphids (Myzus persicae), coccids (Planococcus citri), psyllids (Diaphorina citri, Bactericera cockerelli) and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED). A single candidate GH13-SUC gene and DRIP-AQP gene were identified in the genome/transcriptome of most insects tested by the criteria of sequence motif and gene expression in the gut. Exceptionally, the psyllid Ba. cockerelli transcriptome included a ...
Read Molecular variation and recombination in RNA segment 10 of rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolated from China during 2007-2010, Archives of Virology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
What do horseshoe crabs have to do with citrus greening disease? Well, nothing really. But the protein that famously gives horseshoe crabs their blue blood has been found at increased levels in some Asian citrus psyllids (Diaphorina citri), which researchers suspect is evidence of the insects immune response to the citrus greening disease bacteria that it carries and spreads to citrus trees.. D. citri is found in three morphological types with different colored bellies: gray, yellow, and blue. A research team led by Michelle Cilia, a research molecular biologist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS) and assistant professor at the Boyce Thompson Institute in Ithaca, New York, found that the psyllids increase their production of the oxygen-transporting protein hemocyanin when harboring the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, which causes citrus greening disease. Its the same protein found in horseshoe crabs and other mollusks and crustaceans, and ...
The effect of floating rowcover and transparent polyethylene mulch was evaluated on insect populations, virus disease control, yield, and growth of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Durango in a tropical region of Colima state, Mexico. Aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover and other species), sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), beetles (Diabrotica spp.), and leafminer (Lyriormyza sativae Blanchard) were completely excluded by the floating rowcover while the plots were covered (until perfect flowering). Transparent mulch reduced aphids and whitefly populations, but did not show effect on leafminer infestation. The appearance of virus diseases of plants was delayed for 2 weeks by floating rowcover with respect to control (bare soil). Also, the transparent mulch reduced the virus incidence. The yield and number of fruit were positively influenced by floating rowcover and transparent mulch. Plot with transparent mulch combined with floating rowcover yielded nearly 4-fold higher (50.9 t·ha-1) ...
Define family Cercopidae. family Cercopidae synonyms, family Cercopidae pronunciation, family Cercopidae translation, English dictionary definition of family Cercopidae. Noun 1. family Cercopidae - froghoppers or spittlebugs Cercopidae arthropod family - any of the arthropods Homoptera, suborder Homoptera - plant lice ;...
Management of Bemisia tabaci requires the use of multiple control techniques in addition to pesticides, and plant-derived essential oils and mineral oils are one of the control options. The evaluation of new chemistry synthetic insecticide (imidacloprid) mix with jojoba oil or KZ oil, to enhance its synergistic efficacy against whitefly (B. tabaci) in laboratory trails as well as evaluated in experimental field plots at Menia El-Kameh, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The influence of these compounds and their mixtures on natural predators and crop yield were simultaneously investigated. Based on laboratory tests, synergistic action was observed in the whitefly by a combination of imidacloprid with jojoba oil or KZ oil approximately 12 and 40 times more respectively than the imidacloprid alone, interestingly, the combination of the insecticide with the mineral oil was more toxic than the essential oil. Similar trend was also recorded for these mixtures at sublethal dose against biological aspects of
Stink bugs are a common insect in Kansas. The nymphs and adults of the brown marmorated stink bug feed on over 100 species of plants, including many agricultural crops, and by 2010-11 had become a season-long pest in orchards in the Eastern United States. Introduction. 2013) that has become a serious agricultural and nuisance pest in the United States, Canada, and … Brown marmorated stink bugs began to feed on apples a… With the arrival of autumn comes the annual invasion of brown marmorated stink bugs (BMSB) as they seek winter refuge inside homes and businesses. Read More. Therefore, these species may be having a larger impact on the invasive stink bug than originally thought. BMSB was first detected in Canada in Hamilton, Ontario in 2012. Climate Models Show Brown Marmorated Stink Bugs Growing Range of Destruction. However, we are seeing more and more evidence of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug in east central Kansas. Research to identify a viable biological control agent is ongoing. ...
The citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is not only the vector insect transmitting the yellow shoot disease of citrus but also an important pest infesting the tender shoots on Rutaceae. It has occurred in 15 countyes in the southern part of Zhejiang Province recently. There are 6-7 generations a year in Pingyang, Zhejiang. The adults overwinter on the back of leaves of citrus. Eggs are laid in the bud scales in mid or late March next year. Nymphs appear in early or mid April. First generation adults appear in early May. There are a number of overlapping generations, the adult population reaching a climax during the autumn shoot stage of citrus between July and August. The period of egg stage lasts 3-11 days. Development through the five nymphal instars is completed in 11-36 days. The length of the life cycle from egg to adult lasts 20-67 days. The period of preoviposition is 6-30 days. The sexual ratio of female to male is 1.06 : 1. An individual adult female has a life span of 13-246 days and may
In all branches of life there are plenty of symbiotic associations. Insects are particularly well suited to establishing intracellular symbiosis with bacteria, providing them with metabolic capabilities they lack. Essential primary endosymbionts can coexist with facultative secondary symbionts which can, eventually, establish metabolic complementation with the primary endosymbiont, becoming a co-primary. Usually, both endosymbionts maintain their cellular identity. An exception is the endosymbiosis found in mealybugs of the subfamily Pseudoccinae, such as Planococcus citri, with Moranella endobia located inside Tremblaya princeps. We report the genome sequencing of M. endobia str. PCVAL and the comparative genomic analyses of the genomes of strains PCVAL and PCIT of both consortium partners. A comprehensive analysis of their functional capabilities and interactions reveals their functional coupling, with many cases of metabolic and informational complementation. Using comparative genomics, we confirm
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) announced the confirmation of an infestation of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) on Forest Preserve lands in the town of Dresden in Washington County.. The affected hemlock trees were located near a campsite within Glen Island Campground on the shore of Lake George. This is the second known infestation of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) in the Adirondacks.. After receiving a report from a camper at Glen Island Campground through iMap Invasives about a suspicious tree near a campsite, DEC dispatched a forest health specialist to survey the area. This initial survey found one heavily infested and two lightly infested Eastern hemlock trees close to the campsite. Additional follow-up surveys will be conducted to better determine the size and spread of this infestation.. This is the second recorded infestation of this invasive, exotic pest in the Adirondacks. Previously, it had been detected at Prospect Mountain in 2017, which ...
Hemiptera is an order of insects, comprising some 67,500 known species in two suborders, Heteroptera and Homoptera. Originally the Homoptera were treated as a separate order. Members of the Hemiptera, and of the Heteroptera in particular, are sometimes called true bugs. The name heteroptera comes from their forewings having both membranous and hard portions. It is also this which gives the order its name, hemiptera, coming from the Greek for half-wing. Species of order Hemiptera occur worldwide; they are distinguished from all other insects by both adults and nymphs having piercing and sucking mouthparts housed in a long beak. These are used mostly to feed on plant juices, but some species are adapted to suck blood from animals or other insects. ...
This spiny guy is a Treehopper nymph, and based on this Jungle Dragon posting and this BugGuide posting, we believe it is a Buffalo Treehopper in the genus Stictocephala. Treehoppers and Planthoppers have mouths designed to pierce and suck fluids, and they rob the plant upon which they are feeding of valuable fluids. A single individual might not cause much damage, but when they are feeding in groups, significant damage might occur. We would not consider this Buffalo Treehopper nymph to be a beneficial species on your marijuana plant. According to the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee: In their adult and immature stages, buffalo treehoppers feed on plant sap that they get by puncturing the stems of woody and non-woody plants with their strong beaks (and they can do minor damage to both in the process). They may begin their lives on woody plants, where Mom uses her sharp ovipositor to make shallow slits in twigs and to deposit her eggs. When the eggs hatch, the nymphs find their way to more ...
In January 2011, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants exhibiting stunting, yellow mosaic, short, chlorotic leaves, aborted flowers, and reduced-size fruits, symptoms similar to those exhibited by plants infected by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (2), were observed in approximately 5% of tomato plants in greenhouses in Jocotitlan in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Occasional plant recovery was also observed. Tomato plants in this facility were previously shown to be infected by Mexican papita viroid (MPVd), Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), and aster yellows phytoplasma. Eight symptomatic leaf samples (designated MX11-01 to MX11-08) were collected and screened against selected tomato viruses and pospiviroids by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using purified plant RNA or for Ca. L. solanacearum by PCR using purified plant DNA. As expected, both PepMV and MPVd were detected in these samples. However, two Ca. L. solanacearum-specific PCR products (1,168 and 669 bp) were also amplified in two ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Determining the nucleotide sequence and capsid-coding region of Himetobi P virus. T2 - A member of a novel group of RNA viruses that infect insects. AU - Nakashima, N.. AU - Sasaki, J.. AU - Toriyama, S.. PY - 1999/12/8. Y1 - 1999/12/8. N2 - We determined the complete genome sequence of Himetobi P virus (HiPV), an insect picorna-like virus, which was isolated from the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus. The genome of HiPV consists of 9,275 nucleotides excluding the poly (A) tail, and contains two large open reading frames (ORFs), which were separated by a 176-nucleotide noncoding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of the first ORF contains core motifs of picornaviral helicase, protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The capsid protein-coding region was mapped onto the second ORF by determining the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the capsid proteins. Subgenomic RNA for the capsid protein gene was not detected in the infected tissue. The capsid protein ...
摘要: 【目的】灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus种群存在长翅和短翅个体,其翅型分化受遗传和环境条件的影响。本研究旨在明确经连续定向选育的灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高、低温的适应能力差异。【方法】在室内分别长期定向筛选63和65代建立灰飞虱长、短翅型品系,并在南京田间采集灰飞虱自然种群;分别在25℃, 30℃和35℃恒温条件下测定上述灰飞虱长、短翅型品系和自然种群的繁殖力、存活率和发育历期,测定若虫在5℃和-20℃下的存活率以及若虫和成虫的过冷却点,通过品系间存活率、发育历期、生殖力和过冷却点的比较分析,确定灰飞虱长、短翅型品系对高温和低温的耐受能力。【结果】在25℃, ...
The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera Horváth, is a serious rice pest in Asia. Ovicidal resistance is a natural rice defense mechanism against WBPH and is characterized by the formation of watery lesions (WLs) and increased egg mortality (EM) at the WBPH oviposition sites. This study aimed to understand the genetic and molecular basis of rice ovicidal resistance to WBPH by combining genetic and genomic analyses. First, the ovicidal trait in doubled haploid rice lines derived from a WBPH-resistant cultivar (CJ06) and a WBPH-susceptible cultivar (TN1) were phenotyped based on the necrotic symptoms of the leaf sheaths and EM. Using a constructed molecular linkage map, 19 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with WLs and EM were identified on eight chromosomes. Of them, qWL6 was determined to be a major QTL for WL. Based on chromosome segment substitution lines and a residual heterozygous population, a high-resolution linkage analysis further defined the qWL6 locus to a 122-kb region
Abstract 【Aim】 As one of the most important insects endohormones, ecdysone plays an important role in regulating the development and reproduction of insects. Five Halloween genes are involved in ecdysteroid biosynthesis and encode cytochrome P450 enzymes spook/CYP307A1, Phantom/CYP306A1, disembodied/CYP302A1, shadow/CYP315A1 and shade/CYP314A1, respectively. The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive pests of rice throughout Southeastern and Eastern Asia. For N. lugens, ecdysteroid regulated genes of RNAi technology management has gradually become a research hotspot. The objective of this study is to investigate the function of Halloween genes in N. lugens so as to provide the theoretical basis for the management of N. lugens and development of new pesticides. 【Methods】 Based on the genome and transcriptome database of N. lugens, five ecdysteroidogenesis-related Halloween genes in N. lugens were cloned using RT-PCR, and the deduced protein structure was ...
Disease pressure was low to moderate for rot and foliar diseases among bunch grape vineyards in 2006, largely as a result of a dry year. However, downy mildew was prevalent in some locations; this might be a result of fungicide resistance development in the fungal population and, if so, this is very troubling. This will be the topic of future screening efforts.. Also, Pierces disease losses were extensive in 2006. North Georgia is on the southern edge of the region where one can effectively grow wine grapes, and this is related to Pierces disease, a bacterial disease that is vectored by an insect (the glassy-winged sharpshooter). Cold winter temperatures either kill the insect that transmits the disease, or the temperatures may actually prevent the bacteria from surviving, but the verdict is still out on which is more important. We do know, however, that cold temperatures allow for production of vinifera wine grapes, and we do not recommend that producers plant these at elevations below 1,300 ...
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Pauroeurymela were found living in small groups of adults and nymphs on the lower branches of young eucalyptus trees. Each group was tended by large pugnacious ants (species not identified) attracted by the honey dew secretions that the gum treehoppers provide as potential food, aptly described as touching off a relationship of convenience - or appeasement - between these organisms (Costa, 2006). The wingless nymphs were red on the dorsal part of the head and anterior thorax, and had a black abdomen with lighter stripes at the segmental boundaries (Fig. 1B). The adults were black with lighter stripes and patches on the wings and legs with some red colouration, and a dorsal anterior part of the thorax that was lighter in colour (Fig. 1C). Both nymphs and adults lacked prothoracic helmets, the elaboration of which into posterior or anterior projections gives the membracid treehoppers their characteristic appearance (Prudhomme et al., 2011). The adults had a body mass of 23±1.6 mg (mean ± ...
Oriental Beauty is also known as Bai Hao (white tips) Oolong, or Champagne Oolong. The beautiful name, many people believe, is from Queen Victoria. When brewed, the leaves generally spread in water, like a graceful lady dancing with gorgeous finery. To make Oriental Beauty, farmers have to grow tea trees without pesticides, so Jacobiasca formosana, a type of green leafhopper insect, can feed on the leaves, stems, and buds. This leads to the tea plants production of monoterpene diol and hotrienol which gives the tea its unique flavor. Tea leaves bitten by the green leafhopper insect lose their green color and appear bronzed or washed out, eventually becoming atrophic and curly. It is why the high quality Oriental Beauty shows five different colors: white, red, yellow, green and brown. The tea leaves are only harvested and made in summer, when the green leafhopper insects are most active. What makes Oriental Beauty more precious is that the unique sweetness is produced when
Download beetle, bug, crawler, insect, insects, nature, stink bug icon in .PNG or .ICO format. Icon designed by Ramy Wafaa Wadee Abdou Bektor found in the icon set Nature and Wildlife
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Ovaries of Puto superbus and Ceroputo pilosellae are composed of numerous short telotrophic ovarioles that are arranged around the distal part of the lateral oviduct. An individual ovariole consists of a distal trophic chamber (= tropharium) a...
Most plant reoviruses encode a type of nonstructural protein that assembles tubular structures to package virions for viral spread in planthopper or leafhopper vectors. These tubules are propelled by actin filaments and facilitate viruses to overcome transmission barriers in insect vectors. This is known as actin-based tubule motility (ABTM), in which insect proteins, especially actin-associated proteins participate. To better understand the insect components that play a role in the ABTM, the proteins interacting with tubule protein Pns11 of the Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) in the leafhopper vector were investigated. We found that gelsolin, an actin-modulating protein, interacted with Pns11 in the yeast-two-hybrid system and Sf9 cells. The interaction and co-localization of gelsolin and Pns11 were also verified in cultured cells and insect bodies of the leafhopper vector. Further, the expression of gelsolin was up-regulated by the RGDV infection both in cultured cells and insects. The knockdown of the
Mango orchards in Pakistan are attacked by the scale insect, Drosicha mangiferae (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), commonly called the mango mealybug. This insect is univoltine, active from December through May and targets multiple host ...
Additional analyses o f the male-specific volatiles from Italian, Australian, Brazilian, and Japanese populations o f N. viridula verify that at least two distinctive pheromone strains exist, but an active synthetic pheromone has not yet been developed. Analyses o f volatiles from N. antennata and Acrosternum aseadum males are also reported showing that the native Japanese Nezara sp., and species in the sister genus Acrosternum, produce species-specific blends based on the same com pounds as N. viridula: (Z)-a-bisabolene (l-m ethyl-4-(l,5-im ethyl-(Z )-l,4-hexadienyl)-cyclohexene), and trans- and cis- 1,2-epoxides o f (Z)-a-bisabolene. The trans-/cis ...
The hemlock wooly adelgid is one destructive little pest. They kill hundreds of thousands of trees in the U.S. every year, and are a major issue that experts having been trying to control for years now. The biggest question circulating is how these little critters are able to get around, spreading vast distances to destroy forests that are thousands of miles apart. They cant fly, so how are they able to spread as fast as they do? Answering this question could help experts make huge strides in being able to control this destructive pest.. Scientists recently did a thorough study of how they could be hitching rides on birds in order to spread these vast distances, and a recent report outlined exactly how they most likely do this. Researchers found that the birds migrating and taking a short rest on the hemlock branches were the prime targets for the wooly adelgid. There are two ways the insect hitch a ride on the birds. The adelgid nymphs known as crawlers will disperse after emerging from ...
Haapalainen et al. identified a novel haplotype of CLso, found in the psyllid Trioza urticae and stinging nettle, and named haplotype U.
A Note on Pre-Mixes: At this time of the season your primary pests are PC, OFM, Tarnished Plant Bug and Native Stink Bugs, and some BMSB as they start to move into the orchard.. Avaunt is one of the best materials for PC and covers OFM, but is weak on tarnished plant bugs and stink bugs. The pyrethroids do work on tarnished plant bug and stink bugs. Some neonicotinoids also work well on PC and stink bugs (Actara and Belay).. One combination material we recently discussed with a grower was Endigo®. This, like other pre-mixes is not a simple 1:1 addition of 2 other insecticides.. Lets look at the active ingredients (ai) and amounts in each product. This is just one example of what you might need to consider when using these products. Endigo is a combination of Lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior or Warrior II), and Thiamethoxam (Actara). It has 9.8% ai lambda-Cy and 12.6% thiamethoxam with a maximum use rate in peaches of 6 oz/A. This is equivalent to .885 oz thiamethoxam and .66 oz lambda-cy. A full ...
Japans largest platform for academic e-journals: J-STAGE is a full text database for reviewed academic papers published by Japanese societies
FACTORS AFFECTING ORCHARD COLONIZATION BY THE BLACK-KNEED CAPSID (BLEPHARIDOPTERUS-ANGULATUS (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDAE)) FROM ALDER WINDBREAKS. / Gange, Alan; LLEWELLYN, M .. In: Annals of Applied Biology, Vol. 114, No. 2, 04.1989, p. 221-230.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ...
The hind legs are twice the length of the front and middle legs due to greatly lengthened tibiae and longer femora (Burrows, 2007a). They have other structural differences that distinguish them from the front and middle legs.. The arrangement of the hind coxae is quite different to those of the front and middle legs. The coxae of the front legs are widely separated at the ventral midline with the sucking mouthparts projecting posteriorly between them, and can rotate laterally and medially about the prothorax. The coxae of the middle legs are closer to each other at the ventral midline, but still do not touch. They are again able to rotate about the mesothorax in a plane that results in a forwards and downwards movement and a backwards and upwards movement of the whole middle leg. By contrast, each hind coxa is huge and extends from the ventral midline to the lateral edge of the metathorax, and is largely immobile relative to the metathorax (Fig. 1A,D). The coxae therefore move only with the ...
Researcher, Agricultural Entomologist, Insects Division, Life Sciences Department. Specialises in Aleyrodidae, Psylloidea, Sternorrhyncha, biodiversity, classification, collections, databasing, jumping plant lice, macroevolution, nomenclature, pest insects, phylogeny, plant insect pathogen complexes, plant insect relationships, psyllids, systematics, taxonomy, whiteflies.

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