Hematopoiesis. Medical search

The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

The formation and development of blood cells outside the BONE MARROW, as in the SPLEEN; LIVER; or LYMPH NODES.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

The blood-making organs and tissues, principally the bone marrow and lymph nodes.

The first of four extra-embryonic membranes to form during EMBRYOGENESIS. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it arises from endoderm and mesoderm to incorporate the EGG YOLK into the DIGESTIVE TRACT for nourishing the embryo. In placental MAMMALS, its nutritional function is vestigial; however, it is the source of INTESTINAL MUCOSA; BLOOD CELLS; and GERM CELLS. It is sometimes called the vitelline sac, which should not be confused with the VITELLINE MEMBRANE of the egg.

Formation of MYELOID CELLS from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW via MYELOID STEM CELLS. Myelopoiesis generally refers to the production of leukocytes in blood, such as MONOCYTES and GRANULOCYTES. This process also produces precursor cells for MACROPHAGE and DENDRITIC CELLS found in the lymphoid tissue.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A transcription factor that dimerizes with the cofactor CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding factor. It contains a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the runt domain. Runx1 is frequently mutated in human LEUKEMIAS.

The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

The cells in the erythroid series derived from MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS or from the bi-potential MEGAKARYOCYTE-ERYTHROID PROGENITOR CELLS which eventually give rise to mature RED BLOOD CELLS. The erythroid progenitor cells develop in two phases: erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) followed by erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E); BFU-E differentiate into CFU-E on stimulation by ERYTHROPOIETIN, and then further differentiate into ERYTHROBLASTS when stimulated by other factors.

Bipotential angio-hematopoietic stem cells that give rise to both HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS and ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

A GATA transcription factor that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic lineages and plays an important role in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROID CELLS and MEGAKARYOCYTES.

An essential GATA transcription factor that is expressed primarily in HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

The series of cells in the red blood cell lineage at various stages of differentiation.

Stem cells derived from HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS. Derived from these myeloid progenitor cells are the MEGAKARYOCYTES; ERYTHROID CELLS; MYELOID CELLS; and some DENDRITIC CELLS.

One of a pair of excretory organs (mesonephroi) which grows caudally to the first pair (PRONEPHROI) during development. Mesonephroi are the permanent kidneys in adult amphibians and fish. In higher vertebrates, proneprhoi and most of mesonephroi degenerate with the appearance of metanephroi. The remaining ducts become WOLFFIAN DUCTS.

A hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the cell surface c-kit protein (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT). It is expressed during embryogenesis and is a growth factor for a number of cell types including the MAST CELLS and the MELANOCYTES in addition to the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Very large BONE MARROW CELLS which release mature BLOOD PLATELETS.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

Formation of LYMPHOCYTES and PLASMA CELLS from the lymphoid stem cells which develop from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW. These lymphoid stem cells differentiate into T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; or NK-cells (KILLER CELLS, NATURAL) depending on the organ or tissues (LYMPHOID TISSUE) to which they migrate.

These growth factors comprise a family of hematopoietic regulators with biological specificities defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of blood cells of different lineages. ERYTHROPOIETIN and the COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS belong to this family. Some of these factors have been studied and used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and bone marrow failure syndromes.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The classes of BONE MARROW-derived blood cells in the monocytic series (MONOCYTES and their precursors) and granulocytic series (GRANULOCYTES and their precursors).

Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb is an integrin alpha subunit that heterodimerizes with INTEGRIN BETA3 to form PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX. It is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain which is then postranslationally cleaved and processed into two disulfide-linked subunits of approximately 18 and 110 kDa in size.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

A de novo myeloproliferation arising from an abnormal stem cell. It is characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue, a process that is mediated by CYTOKINES arising from the abnormal clone.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the myb gene (GENES, MYB). They are expressed in a wide variety of cells including thymocytes and lymphocytes, and regulate cell differentiation. Overexpression of myb is associated with autoimmune diseases and malignancies.

Deficiency of all three cell elements of the blood, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

The cells found in the body fluid circulating throughout the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for STEM CELL FACTOR. This interaction is crucial for the development of hematopoietic, gonadal, and pigment stem cells. Genetic mutations that disrupt the expression of PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT are associated with PIEBALDISM, while overexpression or constitutive activation of the c-kit protein-tyrosine kinase is associated with tumorigenesis.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.

Immature, nucleated ERYTHROCYTES occupying the stage of ERYTHROPOIESIS that follows formation of ERYTHROID PRECURSOR CELLS and precedes formation of RETICULOCYTES. The normal series is called normoblasts. Cells called MEGALOBLASTS are a pathologic series of erythroblasts.

A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.

The process of generating thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW via the MEGAKARYOCYTES. The humoral factor with thrombopoiesis-stimulating activity is designated THROMBOPOIETIN.

A non-DNA binding transcription factor that is a subunit of core binding factor. It forms heterodimeric complexes with CORE BINDING FACTOR ALPHA SUBUNITS, and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a variety of GENES involved primarily in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELL CYCLE progression.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete blood count (CBC) also includes measurement of the HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT; and ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

The process of generating white blood cells (LEUKOCYTES) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS of the BONE MARROW. There are two significant pathways to generate various types of leukocytes: MYELOPOIESIS, in which leukocytes in the blood are derived from MYELOID STEM CELLS, and LYMPHOPOIESIS, in which leukocytes of the lymphatic system (LYMPHOCYTES) are generated from lymphoid stem cells.

An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The parent cells that give rise to both cells of the GRANULOCYTE lineage and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage.

A family of transcription factors that contain two ZINC FINGER MOTIFS and bind to the DNA sequence (A/T)GATA(A/G).

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

A family of transcription factors that bind to the cofactor CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding factor. Family members contain a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the runt domain. They can act as both activators and repressors of expression of GENES involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELL CYCLE progression.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A group of transcription factors that were originally described as being specific to ERYTHROID CELLS.

An organism whose body contains cell populations of different genotypes as a result of the TRANSPLANTATION of donor cells after sufficient ionizing radiation to destroy the mature recipient's cells which would otherwise reject the donor cells.

Enlargement of the spleen.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for THROMBOPOIETIN. They signal through interaction with JANUS KINASES such as JANUS KINASE 2.

The parent cells that give rise to both cells of the MEGAKARYOCYTE and the ERYTHROCYTE lineages.

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained in a undifferentiated, self-renewable state.

An organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor tissue or cells, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state may result in the induction of donor-specific TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and is essential for PHYSIOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in leukemia.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Anemia characterized by larger than normal erythrocytes, increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH).

Glycoproteins found in a subfraction of normal mammalian plasma and urine. They stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow cells in agar cultures and the formation of colonies of granulocytes and/or macrophages. The factors include INTERLEUKIN-3; (IL-3); GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (G-CSF); MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (M-CSF); and GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; (GM-CSF).

Myeloid-lymphoid leukemia protein is a transcription factor that maintains high levels of HOMEOTIC GENE expression during development. The GENE for myeloid-lymphoid leukemia protein is commonly disrupted in LEUKEMIA and combines with over 40 partner genes to form FUSION ONCOGENE PROTEINS.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Red blood cell precursors, corresponding to ERYTHROBLASTS, that are larger than normal, usually resulting from a FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY or VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms.

Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A condition characterized by the recurrence of HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by intravascular HEMOLYSIS. In cases occurring upon cold exposure (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria), usually after infections, there is a circulating antibody which is also a cold hemolysin. In cases occurring during or after sleep (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria), the clonal hematopoietic stem cells exhibit a global deficiency of cell membrane proteins.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

A large class of structurally-related proteins that contain one or more LIM zinc finger domains. Many of the proteins in this class are involved in intracellular signaling processes and mediate their effects via LIM domain protein-protein interactions. The name LIM is derived from the first three proteins in which the motif was found: LIN-11, Isl1 and Mec-3.

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

In Chinese philosophy and religion, two principles, one negative, dark, and feminine (yin) and one positive, bright, and masculine (yang), from whose interaction all things are produced and all things are dissolved. As a concept the two polar elements referred originally to the shady and sunny sides of a valley or a hill but it developed into the relationship of any contrasting pair: those specified above (female-male, etc.) as well as cold-hot, wet-dry, weak-strong, etc. It is not a distinct system of thought by itself but permeates Chinese life and thought. A balance of yin and yang is essential to health. A deficiency of either principle can manifest as disease. (Encyclopedia Americana)

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Local surroundings with which cells interact by processing various chemical and physical signals, and by contributing their own effects to this environment.

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Stem cells from which B-LYMPHOCYTES; T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and some DENDRITIC CELLS derive.

Specialized stem cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function; examples are MYOBLASTS; MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; and skin stem cells. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

Lymphocyte progenitor cells that are restricted in their differentiation potential to the B lymphocyte lineage. The pro-B cell stage of B lymphocyte development precedes the pre-B cell stage.

A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Early pregnancy loss during the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN stage of development. In the human, this period comprises the second through eighth week after fertilization.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

A notch receptor that interacts with a variety of ligands and regulates SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS for multiple cellular processes. It is widely expressed during EMBRYOGENESIS and is essential for EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

An ERYTHROLEUKEMIA cell line derived from a CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA patient in BLAST CRISIS.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.

The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination.

Techniques used to add in exogenous gene sequence such as mutated genes; REPORTER GENES, to study mechanisms of gene expression; or regulatory control sequences, to study effects of temporal changes to GENE EXPRESSION.

Cell surface receptors for colony stimulating factors, local mediators, and hormones that regulate the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hemopoietic cells.

A receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in HEMATOPOIESIS. It is closely related to FMS PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN and is commonly mutated in acute MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

The release of stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood circulation for the purpose of leukapheresis, prior to stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic growth factors or chemotherapeutic agents often are used to stimulate the mobilization.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).

Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN repeats in their cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain of notch receptors is released upon ligand binding and translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it acts as transcription factor.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

The GENETIC TRANSLATION products of the fusion between an ONCOGENE and another gene. The latter may be of viral or cellular origin.

A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (v-myb) originally isolated from the avian myeloblastosis and E26 leukemia viruses. The proto-oncogene c-myb codes for a nuclear protein involved in transcriptional regulation and appears to be essential for hematopoietic cell proliferation. The human myb gene is located at 6q22-23 on the short arm of chromosome 6. This is the point of break in translocations involved in T-cell acute lymphatic leukemia and in some ovarian cancers and melanomas. (From Ibelgaufts, Dictionary of Cytokines, 1995).

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

A strain of non-obese diabetic mice developed in Japan that has been widely studied as a model for T-cell-dependent autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in which insulitis is a major histopathologic feature, and in which genetic susceptibility is strongly MHC-linked.

Cells derived from a FETUS that retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

The cells in the granulocytic series that give rise to mature granulocytes (NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS). These precursor cells include myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes.

A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of non-oncogenic retroviruses that produce multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. Lentiviruses are unique in that they contain open reading frames (ORFs) between the pol and env genes and in the 3' env region. Five serogroups are recognized, reflecting the mammalian hosts with which they are associated. HIV-1 is the type species.

A Janus kinase subtype that is involved in signaling from GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTORS; PROLACTIN RECEPTORS; and a variety of CYTOKINE RECEPTORS such as ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTORS and INTERLEUKIN RECEPTORS. Dysregulation of Janus kinase 2 due to GENETIC TRANSLOCATIONS have been associated with a variety of MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

Cell surface proteins that bind cytokines and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

A leukemia affecting young children characterized by SPLENOMEGALY, enlarged lymph nodes, rashes, and hemorrhages. Traditionally classed as a myeloproliferative disease, it is now considered a mixed myeloproliferative-mylelodysplastic disorder.

A transcription factor that plays a role as a key regulator of HEMATOPOIESIS. Aberrant Ikaros expression has been associated with LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA.

Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Normal cellular genes homologous to viral oncogenes. The products of proto-oncogenes are important regulators of biological processes and appear to be involved in the events that serve to maintain the ordered procession through the cell cycle. Proto-oncogenes have names of the form c-onc.

High affinity receptors for INTERLEUKIN-3. They are found on early HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS; progenitors of MYELOID CELLS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS. Interleukin-3 receptors are formed by the dimerization of the INTERLEUKIN-3 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT and the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT.

An enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from 3-phospho-D-glycerate in the presence of ATP to yield 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate and ADP. EC 2.7.2.3.

A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.

A mononuclear phagocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) synthesized by mesenchymal cells. The compound stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. M-CSF is a disulfide-bonded glycoprotein dimer with a MW of 70 kDa. It binds to a specific high affinity receptor (RECEPTOR, MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR).

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to a variety of CYTOKINES. Stat5 activation is associated with transcription of CELL CYCLE regulators such as CYCLIN KINASE INHIBITOR P21 and anti-apoptotic genes such as BCL-2 GENES. Stat5 is constitutively activated in many patients with acute MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

A receptor subunit that is a shared component of the INTERLEUKIN-3 RECEPTOR; the INTERLEUKIN-5 RECEPTOR; and the GM-CSF RECEPTOR. High affinity receptor complexes are formed with each of these receptors when their respective alpha subunits are combined with this shared beta subunit.

Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.

A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Steroids and hematopoiesis. III. The response of granulocytic and erythroid colony-forming cells to steroids of different classes. (1/5038)

Selected androgenic and nonandrogenic steroids enhance in vitro granulocytic and erythroid colony formation by mouse marrow cells, but do so by influencing either different target cells or cells in different states of cell cycle. Etiocholanolone, a naturally occurring nonandrogenic testosterone metabolite, permits cells not in active cycle to respond to colony-stimulating factor or erythropoietin. Fluoxymesterone, a synthetic androgen, appears to enhance colony growth by increasing the responsiveness of target cells to tropic stimuli. The majority of cells responding to this androgen are in active DNA synthesis. Direct comparison, however, of etiocholanolone-dependent erythroid or granulocytic colony-forming cells demonstrates nonidentity of the target cells. Thus colony-forming units responding to different classes of steroids are in different states of cell cycle and are physically separable. The enhancement of the in vitro response of colony-forming cells to regulating hormones by steroids such as etiocholanolane suggests a mechanism by which such agents may be therapeutically effective in certain cases of marrow failure in man. (+info)

The cardiac homeobox gene Csx/Nkx2.5 lies genetically upstream of multiple genes essential for heart development. (2/5038)

Csx/Nkx2.5 is a vertebrate homeobox gene with a sequence homology to the Drosophila tinman, which is required for the dorsal mesoderm specification. Recently, heterozygous mutations of this gene were found to cause human congenital heart disease (Schott, J.-J., Benson, D. W., Basson, C. T., Pease, W., Silberbach, G. M., Moak, J. P., Maron, B. J., Seidman, C. E. and Seidman, J. G. (1998) Science 281, 108-111). To investigate the functions of Csx/Nkx2.5 in cardiac and extracardiac development in the vertebrate, we have generated and analyzed mutant mice completely null for Csx/Nkx2.5. Homozygous null embryos showed arrest of cardiac development after looping and poor development of blood vessels. Moreover, there were severe defects in vascular formation and hematopoiesis in the mutant yolk sac. Interestingly, TUNEL staining and PCNA staining showed neither enhanced apoptosis nor reduced cell proliferation in the mutant myocardium. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that, among 20 candidate genes examined, expression of ANF, BNP, MLC2V, N-myc, MEF2C, HAND1 and Msx2 was disturbed in the mutant heart. Moreover, in the heart of adult chimeric mice generated from Csx/Nkx2.5 null ES cells, there were almost no ES cell-derived cardiac myocytes, while there were substantial contributions of Csx /Nkx2.5-deficient cells in other organs. Whole-mount &bgr;-gal staining of chimeric embryos showed that more than 20% contribution of Csx/Nkx2. 5-deficient cells in the heart arrested cardiac development. These results indicate that (1) the complete null mutation of Csx/Nkx2.5 did not abolish initial heart looping, (2) there was no enhanced apoptosis or defective cell cycle entry in Csx/Nkx2.5 null cardiac myocytes, (3) Csx/Nkx2.5 regulates expression of several essential transcription factors in the developing heart, (4) Csx/Nkx2.5 is required for later differentiation of cardiac myocytes, (5) Csx/Nkx2. 5 null cells exert dominant interfering effects on cardiac development, and (6) there were severe defects in yolk sac angiogenesis and hematopoiesis in the Csx/Nkx2.5 null embryos. (+info)

Phenotypic and functional evidence for the expression of CXCR4 receptor during megakaryocytopoiesis. (3/5038)

The identification of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha as a chemoattractant for human progenitor cells suggests that this chemokine and its receptor might represent critical determinants for the homing, retention, and exit of precursor cells from hematopoietic organs. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of CXCR4 receptor and the biological activity of SDF-1alpha during megakaryocytopoiesis. CD34(+) cells from bone marrow and cord blood were purified and induced to differentiate toward the megakaryocyte lineage by a combination of stem-cell factor (SCF) and recombinant human pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rhuMGDF). After 6 days of culture, a time where mature and immature megakaryocytes were present, CD41(+) cells were immunopurified and CXCR4mRNA expression was studied. High transcript levels were detected by a RNase protection assay in cultured megakaryocytes derived from cord blood CD34(+) cells as well as in peripheral blood platelets. The transcript levels were about equivalent to that found in activated T cells. By flow cytometry, a large fraction (ranging from 30% to 100%) of CD41(+) cells showed high levels of CXCR4 antigen on their surface, its expression increasing in parallel with the CD41 antigen during megakaryocytic differentiation. CXCR4 protein was also detected on peripheral blood platelets. SDF-1alpha acts on megakaryocytes by inducing intracellular calcium mobilization and actin polymerization. In addition, in in vitro transmigration experiments, a significant proportion of megakaryocytes was observed to respond to this chemokine. This cell migration was inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating coupling of this signal to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins. Although a close correlation between CD41a and CXCR4 expession was observed, cell surface markers as well as morphological criteria indicate a preferential attraction of immature megakaryocytes (low level of CD41a and CD42a), suggesting that SDF-1alpha is a potent attractant for immature megakaryocytic cells but is less active on fully mature megakaryocytes. This hypothesis was further supported by the observation that SDF-1alpha induced the migration of colony forming unit-megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-MK) and the expression of activation-dependent P-selectin (CD62P) surface antigen on early megakaryocytes, although no effect was observed on mature megakaryocytes and platelets. These results indicate that CXCR4 is expressed by human megakaryocytes and platelets. Furthermore, based on the lower responses of mature megakaryocytes and platelets to SDF-1alpha as compared with early precursors, these data suggest a role for this chemokine in the maintenance and homing during early stages of megakaryocyte development. Moreover, because megakaryocytes are also reported to express CD4, it becomes important to reevaluate the role of direct infection of these cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 in HIV-1-related thrombocytopenia. (+info)

Organ-selective homing defines engraftment kinetics of murine hematopoietic stem cells and is compromised by Ex vivo expansion. (4/5038)

Hematopoietic reconstitution of ablated recipients requires that intravenously (IV) transplanted stem and progenitor cells "home" to organs that support their proliferation and differentiation. To examine the possible relationship between homing properties and subsequent engraftment potential, murine bone marrow (BM) cells were labeled with fluorescent PKH26 dye and injected into lethally irradiated hosts. PKH26(+) cells homing to marrow or spleen were then isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and assayed for in vitro colony-forming cells (CFCs). Progenitors accumulated rapidly in the spleen, but declined to only 6% of input numbers after 24 hours. Although egress from this organ was accompanied by a simultaneous accumulation of CFCs in the BM (plateauing at 6% to 8% of input after 3 hours), spleen cells remained enriched in donor CFCs compared with marrow during this time. To determine whether this differential homing of clonogenic cells to the marrow and spleen influenced their contribution to short-term or long-term hematopoiesis in vivo, PKH26(+) cells were sorted from each organ 3 hours after transplantation and injected into lethally irradiated Ly-5 congenic mice. Cells that had homed initially to the spleen regenerated circulating leukocytes (20% of normal counts) approximately 2 weeks faster than cells that had homed to the marrow, or PKH26-labeled cells that had not been selected by a prior homing step. Both primary (17 weeks) and secondary (10 weeks) recipients of "spleen-homed" cells also contained approximately 50% higher numbers of CFCs per femur than recipients of "BM-homed" cells. To examine whether progenitor homing was altered upon ex vivo expansion, highly enriched Sca-1(+)c-kit+Lin- cells were cultured for 9 days in serum-free medium containing interleukin (IL)-6, IL-11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, flk-2/flt3 ligand, and thrombopoietin. Expanded cells were then stained with PKH26 and assayed as above. Strikingly, CFCs generated in vitro exhibited a 10-fold reduction in homing capacity compared with fresh progenitors. These studies demonstrate that clonogenic cells with differential homing properties contribute variably to early and late hematopoiesis in vivo. The dramatic decline in the homing capacity of progenitors generated in vitro underscores critical qualitative changes that may compromise their biologic function and potential clinical utility, despite their efficient numerical expansion. (+info)

Increase of hematopoietic responses by triple or single helical conformer of an antitumor (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan preparation, Sonifilan, in cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenic mice. (5/5038)

It has been suggested that the immunopharmacological activity of soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan depends on its conformation in mice. In this study, we examined the relationship between the conformation of Sonifilan (SPG) and hematopietic responses in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced leukopenic mice. SPG, a high molecular weight (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, has a triple helical conformation in water, and it was changed by treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide to the single helical conformer (SPG-OH). The effects of SPG or SPG-OH on hematopoietic responses in cyclophosphamide induced leukopenic mice were investigated by monitoring i) gene expression of cytokines by RT-PCR, ii) protein synthesis of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by ELISA and iii) colony formation of bone marrow cells (BMC). The mice administered Cy and SPG or SPG-OH expressed and produced higher levels of IL-6 mRNA and protein than the mice administered only Cy. Gene expression of NK1.1 was also induced by Cy/SPG (or SPG-OH) treatment. Induced gene expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) by SPG/SPG-OH were also found in in vitro culture of BMC from Cy treated mice. These results strongly suggested that conformation of the glucans, single and triple helix, are independent of the hematopietic response. (+info)

Influence of monoclonal antiplatelet glycoprotein antibodies on in vitro human megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation. (6/5038)

The influence of antiplatelet glycoprotein (GP) antibodies on megakaryocytopoiesis in patients with idiopathic or immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been well studied. However, the influence of GP antibodies on proplatelet formation is poorly understood. Here we investigated whether in vitro human megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation are affected by various monoclonal antiplatelet GP antibodies (MoAb). The megakaryocyte colony formation inhibition assay was performed by methylcellulose culture with modifications, using peripheral blood nonadherent mononuclear cells. The proplatelet formation inhibition assay was performed by megakaryocytes derived from CD34(+) cells, stimulated with thrombopoietin + stem cell factor, which were then incubated with antiplatelet GP MoAb for 24 or 48 hours. Anti-GP-Ibalpha MoAb (CD42b; HIP1) slightly inhibited megakaryocyte colony formation (P < .05). and strongly inhibited proplatelet formation (after 24 hours incubation, P < .0002; after 48 hours incubation, P < .0007). Anti-GP-IIb MoAb (CD41; 5B12) inhibited only proplatelet formation (only after 24 hours incubation, P <. 03). Anti-integrin alphavbeta3 MoAb (CD51/CD61; 23C6) only slightly inhibited colony size (P < .05). However, anti-GP-IIIa MoAb (CD61; Y2/51) did not inhibit either colony formation or proplatelet formation. These results suggest that antiplatelet GP MoAbs have differing effects on in vitro megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation. (+info)

Mutant N-ras induces myeloproliferative disorders and apoptosis in bone marrow repopulated mice. (7/5038)

Mutations that activate the N-ras oncogene are among the most frequently detected genetic alterations in human acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). However, because N-ras has not been shown to induce these disorders in an in vivo model, the role of N-ras in the evolution of myeloid leukemia is unclear. To investigate the potential of N-ras to induce myeloid leukemia, lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with bone marrow (BM) cells infected with a retroviral vector carrying activated N-ras. Approximately 60% of these mice developed hematopoietic disorders, including severe MPDs resembling human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or AML with differentiation (French-American-British [FAB] classification M2). Other reconstituted mice succumbed to hematopoietic defects that were pathologically similar to human MDSs. The latter disorders appeared to be due to a myeloid impairment that was demonstrated by enumeration of day-12 colony-forming units-spleen (CFU-S) and by in vitro colony assays. A high level of apoptosis associated with thymic atrophy and peripheral blood (PB) lymphopenia was also evident in N-ras reconstituted mice. Our results are consistent with a model in which antiproliferative effects are a primary consequence of N-ras mutations and secondary transforming events are necessary for the development of myeloid leukemia. This is the first report of an in vivo model for N-ras induced MPD and leukemia. (+info)

Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense. (8/5038)

In mammals, the Rho family GTPase Rac2 is restricted in expression to hematopoietic cells, where it is coexpressed with Rac1. Rac2-deficient mice were created to define the physiological requirement for two near-identical Rac proteins in hematopoietic cells. rac2-/- neutrophils displayed significant defects in chemotaxis, in shear-dependent L-selectin-mediated capture on the endothelial substrate Glycam-1, and in both F-actin generation and p38 and, unexpectedly, p42/p44 MAP kinase activation induced by chemoattractants. Superoxide production by rac2-/- bone marrow neutrophils was significantly reduced compared to wild type, but it was normal in activated peritoneal exudate neutrophils. These defects were reflected in vivo by baseline neutrophilia, reduced inflammatory peritoneal exudate formation, and increased mortality when challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus. Rac2 is an essential regulator of multiple specialized neutrophil functions. (+info)

... of the population over age 70 has observable clonal hematopoiesis. Having clonal hematopoiesis has been linked to a more than ... Clonal hematopoiesis may occur in people who are completely healthy but has also been found in people with hematologic diseases ... The term "clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential" (CHIP) was proposed later that year to describe persons who do not ... Alternatively, clonal hematopoiesis may arise without a driving mutation, through mechanisms such as neutral drift in the stem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_hematopoiesis

... (EMH or sometimes EH) refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone (bone ... Hematopoiesis also takes place in many other tissues or organs such as the yolk sac, the aorta-gonad mesonephros (AGM) region, ... During fetal development, hematopoiesis occurs mainly in the fetal liver and in the spleen followed by localization to the bone ... Primitive hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during early embryonic development. It is characterized by the production of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extramedullary_hematopoiesis

... (/hɪˌmætəpɔɪˈiːsɪs, ˌhiːmətoʊ-, ˌhɛmə-/, from Greek αἷμα, 'blood' and ποιεῖν 'to make'; also hematopoiesis in ... ISBN 978-0-306-47872-7. Scholia has a topic profile for Haematopoiesis. Hematopoietic cell lineage in KEGG Hematopoiesis and ... "hematopoiesis". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 16 May 2022. "haematopoiesis". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. ... In children, haematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoiesis

Jagannathan-Bogdan, Madhumita; Zon, Leonard I. (2013-06-15). "Hematopoiesis". Development. 140 (12): 2463-2467. doi:10.1242/dev ... causes extramedullary hematopoiesis in the fetal liver and bone marrow. The push to make more erythroblasts to help compensate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrops_fetalis

DNMT3a is the gene most commonly found mutated in clonal hematopoiesis, a common aging-related phenomenon in which ... Jan, Max; Ebert, Benjamin L.; Jaiswal, Siddhartha (1 January 2017). "Clonal hematopoiesis". Seminars in Hematology. 54 (1): 43- ... from clonal haematopoiesis to secondary leukaemia". Nature Reviews Cancer. 17 (1): 5-19. doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.112. ISSN 1474- ... "Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes". Blood. 126 (1): 9-16. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_(cytosine-5)-methyltransferase_3A

Orkin SH, Zon LI (February 2008). "SnapShot: hematopoiesis". Cell. 132 (4): 712.e1-712.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.013. PMID ... Leukocyte-promoting factor Portals: Biology Medicine Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda S (March 2022). "Revisiting hematopoiesis: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell

Jan M, Ebert BL, Jaiswal S (January 2017). "Clonal hematopoiesis". Seminars in Hematology. 54 (1): 43-50. doi:10.1053/j. ... a condition known as clonal hematopoiesis, and cardiovascular disease-related incidents and mortality. Radiation treatments for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease

KDR Hematopoiesis, cyclic; 162800; ELANE Hematuria, benign familial; 141200; COL4A3 Hemiplegic migraine, familial; 141500; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

... primitive hematopoiesis), islet resident progenitors come from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the definitive hematopoiesis ... Dzierzak, E (1995). "Mouse embryonic hematopoiesis". Trends Genet. 11 (9): 359-66. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)89107-6. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_islet_macrophage

Civin CI, Strauss LC, Brovall C, Fackler MJ, Schwartz JF, Shaper JH (July 1984). "Antigenic analysis of hematopoiesis. III. A ... Furness SG, McNagny K (2006). "Beyond mere markers: functions for CD34 family of sialomucins in hematopoiesis". Immunologic ... November 2002). "Reconstitution of human haematopoiesis in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice by clonal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Kojika S, Griffin JD (2001). "Notch receptors and hematopoiesis". Exp. Hematol. 29 (9): 1041-52. doi:10.1016/S0301-472X(01) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notch_2

... , as well as the rest of haematopoiesis, begins from a haematopoietic stem cells. These are multipotent cells ... Doulatov S, Notta F, Laurenti E, Dick JE (February 2012). "Hematopoiesis: a human perspective". Cell Stem Cell. 10 (2): 120-36 ... Granulopoiesis (or granulocytopoiesis) is a part of haematopoiesis, that leads to the production of granulocytes. A granulocyte ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Hematopoiesis). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulopoiesis

Hence, Polycomb-group genes and proteins are involved in the proper maintenance of hematopoiesis in the body. Pang B, van Weerd ... The Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC 1) is directly involved in the process of hematopoiesis, and functions together with, ... Sashida, Goro; Iwama, Atsushi (2012). "Epigenetic regulation of hematopoiesis". International Journal of Hematology. 96 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silencer_(genetics)

This process is called haematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. The HSC ... "Medical Definition of Hematopoiesis". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2020. "5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_stem_cell

1983). Beardsley, Terry R. Patent # 7,196,060; Method to enhance hematopoiesis. Method to enhance hematopoiesis - Google ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_leukemia_virus

"Entrez Gene: Musashi RNA binding protein 2". de Andrés-Aguayo L, Varas F, Graf T (July 2012). "Musashi 2 in hematopoiesis". ... "Musashi-2 regulates normal hematopoiesis and promotes aggressive myeloid leukemia" (PDF). Nature Medicine. 16 (8): 903-8. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musashi-2

Baron, Margaret H. (2001). "Embryonic Induction of Mammalian Hematopoiesis and Vasculogenesis". In Zon, Leonard I. (ed.). ... Hematopoiesis: a developmental approach. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512450-7. Cullen, K.E. (2009). "embryology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrulation

"Volume 9.20 , May 22 - Hematopoiesis News". www.hematopoiesisnews.com. Retrieved 2018-10-11. "Seattle Cancer Care Alliance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Cancer_Care_Alliance

Kojika S, Griffin JD (2001). "Notch receptors and hematopoiesis". Exp. Hematol. 29 (9): 1041-52. doi:10.1016/S0301-472X(01) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notch_4

It is important normal hematopoiesis. GFI1 has been shown to interact with PIAS3 and RUNX1T1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... role in normal hematopoiesis". Blood. 100 (8): 2769-77. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-01-0182. PMID 12351384. Strausberg RL, Feingold ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GFI1

Langemeijer SM, Aslanyan MG, Jansen JH (December 2009). "TET proteins in malignant hematopoiesis". Cell Cycle. 8 (24): 4044-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_methylcytosine_dioxygenase_1

Langemeijer SM, Aslanyan MG, Jansen JH (December 2009). "TET proteins in malignant hematopoiesis". Cell Cycle. 8 (24): 4044-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_methylcytosine_dioxygenase_3

Haematopoiesis (from Greek αἷμα, "blood" and ποιεῖν "to make"; also hematopoiesis in American English; sometimes also ... In children, haematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the femur and tibia. In adults, it occurs mainly in ... Monga I, Kaur K, Dhanda S (March 2022). "Revisiting hematopoiesis: applications of the bulk and single-cell transcriptomics ... Fernández, KS; de Alarcón, PA (Dec 2013). "Development of the hematopoietic system and disorders of hematopoiesis that present ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematopoietic_system

There are 2 types of hematopoiesis that occur in humans: Primitive hematopoiesis - blood stem cells differentiate into only a ... highlighting its importance in maintaining hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis involves a series of differentiation steps from one ... Hematopoiesis then moves from the AGM to the placenta and fetal liver at E11.5 in mice and 5wpc in humans. While the ... Hematopoiesis then moves to the bone marrow at E18 in mice and 12wpc in humans, where it will reside permanently for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_niche

SCF plays an important role in the hematopoiesis during embryonic development. Sites where hematopoiesis takes place, such as ... Andrews RG, Briddell RA, Appelbaum FR, McNiece IK (1994). "Stimulation of hematopoiesis in vivo by stem cell factor". Curr. ... Broudy VC (August 1997). "Stem cell factor and hematopoiesis". Blood. 90 (4): 1345-64. doi:10.1182/blood.V90.4.1345. PMID ... This cytokine plays an important role in hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells), spermatogenesis, and melanogenesis. The gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_factor

Garzon R, Croce CM (Jul 2008). "MicroRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis". Current Opinion in Hematology. 15 (4): 352-8 ... miR-150 functions in hematopoiesis; it regulates genes whose downstream products encourage differentiating stem cells towards ... "The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis". European Journal of Haematology. 84 (1): 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1600 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-150

Jones M, Bisht K, Savage SA, Nandakumar J, Keegan CE, Maillard I (2016). "The shelterin complex and hematopoiesis". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelterin

2. Hematopoiesis and Resistance to Physical Stress. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1981. 594 pp. CRC Handbook of Nutritive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mila_Rechcigl

Fisher, Robert C.; Scott, Edward W. (1998-01-01). "Role of PU.1 in Hematopoiesis". Stem Cells. 16 (1): 25-37. doi:10.1002/stem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIM14

Lund K, Adams PD, Copland M (January 2014). "EZH2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis". Leukemia. 28 (1): 44-49. doi:10.1038/ ... and T-cells and playing an important role in regulating hematopoiesis. The activity of EZH2 is regulated by the post- ... including transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis, development, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have indicated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EZH2

... Oncotarget. 2017 Oct 4;8(49):84637-84638. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.21472. eCollection 2017 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29156670/

Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes.. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014; 371: 2488-2498. View in Article * ... Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence.. N. Engl. J. Med. 2014; 371: 2477-2487. View in ... Human thrombopoietin knockin mice efficiently support human hematopoiesis in vivo.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011; 108: ... We review the incomplete fidelity of the mouse system in modeling human hematopoiesis, and highlight advances that portend a ...

https://www.cell.com/trends/cancer/fulltext/S2405-8033

We plan to study the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), an asymptomatic condition entailing ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/ResearchGateway/ResearchProjects/Details/157

What is the role of niacinamide in hematopoiesis? ... b,What vitamins and minerals are essential for hematopoiesis,/b ... Q: What vitamins and minerals are essential for hematopoiesis? What is the role of niacinamide in hematopoiesis? ... A:Hematopoiesis starts in the yolk sac in the mammalian fetus. It then shifts a little later to the liver & spleen and finally ... Hematopoiesis is a complex process that involves interplay between the intrinsic genetic processes of blood cells and their ...

https://doctor.ndtv.com/faq/how-to-manage-hematopoiesis-with-vitamin-supplements-7729

A photomicrograph of normal sideroblasts, using PAS stain with H&E counterstain. Sideroblasts are erythroblasts with fine, iron-containing granules in the cytoplasm. Normal sideroblasts show random iron deposits, typically 1-5, in the cytoplasm. Abnormal sideroblasts show an increase of granular iron deposits around the nucleus ...

http://histology-world.com/photoalbum/displayimage.php?pid=1238

A Holistic Analysis of Very Rare Clonal Hematopoiesis ...

https://www.mskcc.org/videos/crossing-threshold-abnormality-holistic-analysis-very-rare-clonal-hematopoiesis

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Thalassemia. There are large paraspinal masses (white arrows) with smoothly marginated, ... Areas of extramedullary hematopoiesis include the spleen, paraspinal regions of the thorax, liver and sometimes adrenals, bowel ... Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: Breathtaking and Hair-Raising. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1702-1704 ...

http://learningradiology.com/archives2014/COW%20623-Extramedullary/extramedullarycorrect.html

2013) Hematopoiesis and hematopoietic organs in arthropods Development Genes and Evolution 223:103-115. ... 2003) Transcriptional regulation of hematopoiesis in Drosophila Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases 30:223-228. ... 2003) Thicker than blood: conserved mechanisms in Drosophila and vertebrate hematopoiesis Developmental Cell 5:673-690. ... 2012) Of blood cells and the nervous system: hematopoiesis in the Drosophila larva Fly 6:254-260. ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/19535

Home > RESEARCH TECHNICIAN - EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF HAEMATOPOIESIS RESEARCH TECHNICIAN - EPIGENETIC CONTROL OF HAEMATOPOIESIS ...

https://www.biocat.cat/en/research-technician-epigenetic-control-haematopoiesis

We can now add to this list a novel yin/yang role of folate in hematopoiesis. Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin (coenzyme) ... Ineffective hematopoiesis in folate-deficient mice. Blood. 1992; 79(9):2273-2280. PubMedGoogle Scholar ... A new study in mice demonstrates that, in general, both low and high levels of dietary folate compromise hematopoiesis, and ... There has, of late, been a widespread interest in the role of dietary nutrients in hematopoiesis, including specific types of ...

https://haematologica.org/article/view/8273

Characterization of zebrafish mutants with defects in embryonic hematopoiesis In collection: The zebrafish issue: 25 years on ... we have identified 33 mutants with defects in hematopoiesis. Complementation analysis placed 32 of these mutants into 17 ... Characterization of zebrafish mutants with defects in embryonic hematopoiesis. Development 1 December 1996; 123 (1): 311-319. ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/123/1/311/39343/Characterization-of-zebrafish-mutants-with-defects

Luis, T. C., Wilkinson, A. C., Beerman, I., Jaiswal, S. & Shlush, L. I. Biological implications of clonal hematopoiesis. Exp ... Young, A. L., Challen, G. A., Birmann, B. M. & Druley, T. E. Clonal haematopoiesis harbouring AML-associated mutations is ... Bick, A. G. et al. Inherited causes of clonal haematopoiesis in 97,691 whole genomes. Nature 1-7 (2020) doi:10.1038/s41586-020- ... Genovese, G. et al. Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 2477- ...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.30.21259343v1.full

Hematopoiesis, interleukin, reticulocyte count, bone marrow biopsy, corrected reticulocyte count, erythroid, erythropoietin ...

https://www.jaypeedigital.com/book/9789351525790/chapter/ch16

Epigenetic regulation in normal hematopoiesis and its dysfunction in leukemia Lorzadeh, Alireza Abstract. Epigenetic ...

https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0388290

Similarly, while it is known that IL-10 is critical for immunosuppression (74, 75, 102), a role for IL-10 in hematopoiesis and ... Bone marrow Tregs mediate stromal cell function and support hematopoiesis via IL-10. Virginia Camacho,1 Victoria R. Matkins,1 ... Hematopoiesis: Reconciling Historic Controversies about the Niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;20(5):590-592.. View this article via: ... Twist-1 Enhances Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Support of Hematopoiesis by Modulating CXCL12 Expression. Stem Cells. ...

https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/135681

Dynamic interaction between TAL1 oncoprotein and LSD1 regulates TAL1 function in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In: Oncogene ... Dynamic interaction between TAL1 oncoprotein and LSD1 regulates TAL1 function in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Oncogene. ... Dynamic interaction between TAL1 oncoprotein and LSD1 regulates TAL1 function in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. / Li, Y.; ... title = "Dynamic interaction between TAL1 oncoprotein and LSD1 regulates TAL1 function in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis", ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/dynamic-interaction-between-tal1-oncoprotein-and-lsd1-regulates-t

LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis. Type of Publication:. Journal ... LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis. * Home ... LMO2 activation by deacetylation is indispensable for hematopoiesis and T-ALL leukemogenesis. In: Blood. American Society of ... adult t-cell lymphoma/leukemia, hematopoiesis, t-cell leukemia, acute, leukemogenesis, zebrafish, lysine, idiopathic pneumonia ...

https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/56290

Two strategies to address this problem of identifying miRs that are "drivers" of hematopoiesis or leukemias are evaluated in ... Expression profiling studies have routinely been used to identify candidate miRs important in hematopoiesis and leukemia, but ... Expression profiling of miR-10a levels indicated that this miR is expressed during early hematopoiesis in zebrafish. ... and future experiments include elucidating the targets of miR-10a which may be important in hematopoiesis. ...

https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/4193

... the successful Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology Program integrates the basic science that facilitates rapid progression of ... Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology. Harnessing Stem and Immune Cell Populations for Cancer Research. Cancer Hematopoiesis and ... Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology Program Leadership. Ryan Wilcox, M.D., Ph.D.. Weiping Zou, M.D., Ph.D. ... The Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology Program seeks to define the role of stem and immune cell populations in the behavior of ...

https://www.rogelcancercenter.org/research/programs/basic-science-division/cancer-hematopoiesis-and-immunology

... as models of hematopoiesis. We obtain sufficient and also necessary and sufficient conditions for all positive solutions to ... "Oscillations and global attractivity in models of hematopoiesis." Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations 2, 2 (1990): ... as models of hematopoiesis. We obtain sufficient and also necessary and sufficient conditions for all positive solutions to ...

https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/math_facpubs/226/

This renal biopsy shows extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which is the presence of hematopoietic elements found outside of ... This renal biopsy shows extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which is the presence of hematopoietic elements (erythroid, myeloid ... Renal extramedullary hematopoiesis: interstitial and glomerular pathology. Mod Pathol. 2015 Dec;28(12):1574-83. PubMed:https:// ...

https://www.arkanalabs.com/extramedullary-hematopoiesis/

Relationship to Clonal Hematopoiesis? Speaking to Medscape Medical News, Nichols, of the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, noted ... Clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a term used to describe a group of related myeloid cells with an acquired gene mutation, is a ... In a separate study, these first responders were also found to have a higher rate of clonal hematopoiesis than matched controls ... When it occurs in individuals without a hematologic malignancy, it is known as clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/923767

Extramedullary hematopoiesis. Although normally found only during the first 6 months of life, extramedullary hematopoiesis may ... Mass-like extramedullary hematopoiesis: imaging features. Skeletal Radiol. 2011 Nov 20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/958739-clinical

Clonal Hematopoiesis Disasters Dust Emergency Responders Firefighters First Responders Humans Mice Mutations September 11 ... Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is defined as the acquisition of somatic mutations in blood cells and is associated with smoking and ... High burden of Clonal Hematopoiesis in First Responders Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster. ... Title : High burden of Clonal Hematopoiesis in First Responders Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster Personal Author(s ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/120527

Canté K, Pieters R, Meijerink J. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Oncogene. 2014;33(4):403-410. doi: ... Canté, K., Pieters, R., & Meijerink, J. (2014). Myocyte enhancer factor 2C in hematopoiesis and leukemia. Oncogene, 33(4), 403- ... Canté, K, Pieters, R & Meijerink, J 2014, Myocyte enhancer factor 2C in hematopoiesis and leukemia, Oncogene, vol. 33, no. 4 ... title = "Myocyte enhancer factor 2C in hematopoiesis and leukemia",. author = "Kirsten Cant{\e} and Rob Pieters and Jules ...

https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/myocyte-enhancer-factor-2c-in-hematopoiesis-and-leukemia

Normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis : proceedings of the UCLA Symposium held at Steamboat Springs, Colorado, March 27-April 1, ... Hematopoiesis -- congresses , Hematopoietic system -- physiology -- congresses , Cell transformation, Neoplastic -- congresses ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=au%3A%22University%20of%20California%2C%20Los%20Angeles.%22&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=su-to:Cell%20transformation,%20Neoplastic

Cross talk between haematopoiesis and angiogenesis. In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2003 ; Vol. 522. pp. 25- ... Ribatti D, Vacca A, Nico B, Crivellato E, De Falco G, Presta M. Cross talk between haematopoiesis and angiogenesis. Advances in ... Cross talk between haematopoiesis and angiogenesis. Domenico Ribatti, Angelo Vacca, Beatrice Nico, Enrico Crivellato, Giuseppe ... Cross talk between haematopoiesis and angiogenesis. / Ribatti, Domenico; Vacca, Angelo; Nico, Beatrice et al. ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cross-talk-between-haematopoiesis-and-angiogenesis

It should be no surprise that most topics for our "What Fellows Need to Know" series in Hematopoiesis have involved advanced ...

https://www.hematology.org/education/trainees/fellows/trainee-news/2022/bmt-car-t-fellowships-what-fellows-want-to-know

Hematopoiesis. Red bone marrow produces red and white blood cells in a process known as hematopoiesis. Red bone marrow is found ...

https://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/skeletal-male

our PublicationsClonal Hematopoiesis and Atherosclerosis Silvestre-Roig C, Braster Q, Wichapong K, Lee EY, Teulon JM, Berrebeh ... Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Progression of Heart Failure With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ... Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Progression of Heart Failure With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ... Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Reshapes Age-Related CVD: JACC Review Topic of the Week. ...

https://clonal-hematopoiesis-leducq.com/publications/

We plan to study the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), an asymptomatic condition entailing an increased risk of leukemia and cardiovascular disease, among 350 healthy WTC responders and a group of controls. (cdc.gov)
Background Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an inflammatory premalignant disorder resulting from acquired genetic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. (medrxiv.org)
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a newly recognized, age-associated hematologic disorder that imposes a significant risk of multi-system morbidity and mortality. (medrxiv.org)
In a separate study, these first responders were also found to have a higher rate of clonal hematopoiesis than matched controls, suggesting that their exposure to the dust cloud created when the World Trade Center (WTC) towers collapsed may have increased the risk of mutations in myeloid cells. (medscape.com)
Clonal hematopoiesis driven by somatic mutations: A new player in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (clonal-hematopoiesis-leducq.com)
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Reshapes Age-Related CVD: JACC Review Topic of the Week. (clonal-hematopoiesis-leducq.com)
Utility of plasma cell-free DNA for de novo detection and quantification of clonal hematopoiesis. (cdc.gov)
Our study investigated clonal hematopoiesis in HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) newborns, 94 of whom were ZDV-exposed and 91 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-unexposed and matched for potential confounding factors. (medscape.com)
Utilizing high depth sequencing and genotyping arrays, we comprehensively examined blood samples collected during the first week after birth for potential clonal hematopoiesis associated with fetal ZDV exposure, including clonal single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and large structural copy number or copy neutral alterations. (medscape.com)
Mutations in common clonal hematopoiesis driver genes were not found in the study population. (medscape.com)
Clonal hematopoiesis refers to clonal expansion of a subset of leukocytes carrying somatic mutations. (medscape.com)

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: Breathtaking and Hair-Raising. (learningradiology.com)
This renal biopsy shows extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which is the presence of hematopoietic elements (erythroid, myeloid, and/or megakaryocytic) found outside of the bone marrow. (arkanalabs.com)
Renal extramedullary hematopoiesis: interstitial and glomerular pathology. (arkanalabs.com)
A case of β-thalassemia intermedia with spinal cord compression due to extramedullary hematopoiesis, which was successfully treated by blood transfusion, is presented. (elsevier.com)
Emphasis was made on the MRI appearance of extramedullary hematopoiesis on different pulse sequences. (elsevier.com)
The theories that aimed to explain the involvement of the epidural space by extramedullary hematopoiesis are discussed. (elsevier.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Extramedullary hematopoiesis of cranial dura mater and choroid plexus and terminal convulsions in a patient with thalassemia-hemoglobin E disease. (who.int)
Dhechakaisaya S, Shuangshoti S, Susakares A. Extramedullary hematopoiesis of cranial dura mater and choroid plexus and terminal convulsions in a patient with thalassemia-hemoglobin E disease. (who.int)

Expression profiling of miR-10a levels indicated that this miR is expressed during early hematopoiesis in zebrafish. (umaryland.edu)

Phosphorylation of serine 172 in TAL1 specifically destabilizes the TAL1-LSD1 interaction leading to promoter H3K4 hypermethylation and activation of target genes that have been suppressed in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. (elsevier.com)
IPA analysis of the differentially expressed genes in the whole blood suggested increased hematopoiesis, predicted activation of cancer/tumor development pathways, and atopy. (cdc.gov)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal myeloid neoplasms characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis that present clinically as cytopenia(s), dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lines in the bone marrow, and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (medscape.com)

Thus, our data revealed a novel interplay between PKA phosphorylation and TAL1-mediated epigenetic regulation that regulates hematopoietic transcription and differentiation programs during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. (elsevier.com)
Hematopoietic transcription factor LIM domain only 2 (LMO2), a member of the TAL1 transcriptional complex, plays an essential role during early hematopoiesis and is frequently activated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients. (uni-konstanz.de)
Preliminary findings suggest loss-of-function of miR-10a (and miR-10 family members) resulted in reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, and future experiments include elucidating the targets of miR-10a which may be important in hematopoiesis. (umaryland.edu)
Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology researchers are at the leading edge of understanding graft-vs.-host disease, the common and deadly side effect of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. (rogelcancercenter.org)
It should be no surprise that most topics for our "What Fellows Need to Know" series in Hematopoiesis have involved advanced cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy , indications for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and toxicities of allogeneic HCT . (hematology.org)
When transplanted at the single-cell level into irradiated mice, KTLS Hematopoietic stem cell gave rise to lifelong hematopoiesis, including a steady state of thousands of Hematopoietic stem cell with more than 10 blood cells produced daily. (patient-help.com)
The application of these new single cell methods to investigate the hematopoietic system has led to paradigm shifts in our understanding of cellular heterogeneity in hematopoiesis and how this is disrupted in disease. (ox.ac.uk)
In this review, we summarize how single cell techniques have been applied to the analysis of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, with a particular focus on recent advances in single-cell genomics, including how these might be utilized for clinical application. (ox.ac.uk)
Hematopoiesis is the process by which blood cells are made by transiting through a hierarchy of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). (ox.ac.uk)
Hematopoiesis occurs in four distinct stages, stage I consist of the onset of liver hematopoiesis, stages II and III, expansion of the volume of hematopoietic component, and stage IV involution of liver hematopoiesis. (jcnonweb.com)

High-throughput transcription profiling identifies putative epigenetic regulators of hematopoiesis. (scilifelab.se)
To elucidate the contributions of different epigenetic factors in human hematopoiesis, high-throughput cap analysis of gene expression was used to build transcription profiles of 199 epigenetic factors in a wide range of blood cells. (scilifelab.se)
Epigenetic regulation in hematopoiesis and its implications in the targeted therapy of hematologic malignancies. (bvsalud.org)
However, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis of hematologic malignancies are profoundly affected by epigenetic regulation . (bvsalud.org)
This review comprehensively presents the change and function of each epigenetic regulator in normal and oncogenic hematopoiesis and provides innovative epigenetic -targeted treatment in clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)

The spleen is an organ of the hematological system and has a role in immune response, storage of red blood cells and hematopoiesis. (pacs.de)

Decoding human fetal liver haematopoiesis. (ox.ac.uk)
Definitive haematopoiesis in the fetal liver supports self-renewal and differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors (HSC/MPPs) but remains poorly defined in humans. (ox.ac.uk)
Our integrated map of fetal liver haematopoiesis provides a blueprint for the study of paediatric blood and immune disorders, and a reference for harnessing the therapeutic potential of HSC/MPPs. (ox.ac.uk)
Severe liver damage, blood dyscrasias (megaloblastic haematopoiesis). (who.int)

There has, of late, been a widespread interest in the role of dietary nutrients in hematopoiesis, including specific types of vitamins and amino acids, as, interestingly, dietary factors seem to play a critical regulatory role in blood cell production as well as in leukemia. (haematologica.org)
Expression profiling studies have routinely been used to identify candidate miRs important in hematopoiesis and leukemia, but it is often challenging to identify miRs that regulate a given cellular function because differential miR levels may not be indicative of a physiological role. (umaryland.edu)
Mutation of an intronic GATA motif (+9.5) in GATA2, encoding a master regulator of hematopoiesis, underlies an immunodeficiency associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (nycu.edu.tw)

Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY). (bvsalud.org)
0000-0003-3531-4694 bone marrow aplasia, and hematopoiesis recovery. (bvsalud.org)
0000-0002-5868-667X stimulating the bone marrow to produce new blood cells and restore the patient's hematopoiesis. (bvsalud.org)

Natural killer (NK) cells function as early effector cells in the innate immune defense against viral infections and also participate in the regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. (researchmap.jp)

However, metabolism also regulates key processes in normal cells, including hematopoiesis. (frontiersin.org)

The Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology Program seeks to define the role of stem and immune cell populations in the behavior of cancer. (rogelcancercenter.org)
Guided by skilled co-leaders Ryan Wilcox, M.D., Ph.D. and Weiping Zou, M.D., Ph.D., the successful Cancer Hematopoiesis and Immunology Program integrates the basic science of microenvironments with cancer immunity. (rogelcancercenter.org)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNAs which regulate expression of mRNA targets, and are known to modulate many cellular processes including hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. (umaryland.edu)
haematopoiesis and haematopoietic malignancies (P02 CB, P05 RM, P07 VS). (jak-stat.at)

Normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis : proceedings of the UCLA Symposium held at Steamboat Springs, Colorado, March 27-April 1, 1983 / editors, David W. Golde, Paul A. Marks. (who.int)
The EHA Research Roadmap: Normal hematopoiesis. (figshare.com)
This review will therefore highlight the implication of metabolism in normal hematopoiesis and then will focus on the pathways recently reported to be deregulated and potentially targetable in AML. (frontiersin.org)
Single cell analysis of normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. (ox.ac.uk)
Sadras T, Andrea RJD, White DL (2016) The Role of Wnt/β -Catenin Signaling in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis. (scitechnol.com)
GATA1 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. (medlineplus.gov)

We review the incomplete fidelity of the mouse system in modeling human hematopoiesis, and highlight advances that portend a shift towards studies focused directly on human cells. (cell.com)
Medical genetics: advances in brief: Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis. (ox.ac.uk)

I propose a multidisciplinary approach that employs synthetic chemistry techniques, biochemical and cellular experiments, and mouse modeling to investigate the physiologic role of BOK in maintaining tissue homeostasis, with a focus on hematopoiesis. (grantome.com)

Hematopoiesis is a complex process that involves interplay between the intrinsic genetic processes of blood cells and their environment. (ndtv.com)
[email protected] specific care and the administration of intravenous medications and blood components until the recovery of the patient's hematopoiesis. (bvsalud.org)
A blood cell , also called a haematopoietic cell , hemocyte , or hematocyte , is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood . (wn.com)

A number of nutrients, trace elements, and vitamins are also critical to hematopoiesis. (ndtv.com)

Traditional approaches to study hematopoiesis involve purification of cell populations based on a small number of surface markers. (ox.ac.uk)

A new study in mice demonstrates that, in general, both low and high levels of dietary folate compromise hematopoiesis, and affect the B-cell progenitor compartment in particular. (haematologica.org)

If they are not cleaned up in time, regular drinking will cause diseases of digestive, nervous, urinary, hematopoiesis, circulation and other systems and cause aging. (kaochepai.com)

Hematopoiesis: a human perspective. (cell.com)
Currently my laboratory is particularly interested in how haematopoiesis changes throughout a human life, starting from the embryo all the way to the old age. (simplyblood.org)

Hematopoiesis starts in the yolk sac in the mammalian fetus. (ndtv.com)

It is necessary for growth, cell replication, haematopoiesis and nuclear protein and myelin synthesis, largely due to its effects on metabolism of methionine, folic acid and malonic acid. (mycare.lk)

What is the role of niacinamide in hematopoiesis? (ndtv.com)
We can now add to this list a novel yin/yang role of folate in hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
8 The negative role of low folate levels with regard to hematopoiesis has therefore been recognized for quite some time. (haematologica.org)

Two strategies to address this problem of identifying miRs that are "drivers" of hematopoiesis or leukemias are evaluated in this study. (umaryland.edu)

Anatomy46

Organisms15

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes41

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Steroids and hematopoiesis. III. The response of granulocytic and erythroid colony-forming cells to steroids of different classes. (1/5038)

The cardiac homeobox gene Csx/Nkx2.5 lies genetically upstream of multiple genes essential for heart development. (2/5038)

Phenotypic and functional evidence for the expression of CXCR4 receptor during megakaryocytopoiesis. (3/5038)

Organ-selective homing defines engraftment kinetics of murine hematopoietic stem cells and is compromised by Ex vivo expansion. (4/5038)

Increase of hematopoietic responses by triple or single helical conformer of an antitumor (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan preparation, Sonifilan, in cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenic mice. (5/5038)

Influence of monoclonal antiplatelet glycoprotein antibodies on in vitro human megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation. (6/5038)

Mutant N-ras induces myeloproliferative disorders and apoptosis in bone marrow repopulated mice. (7/5038)

Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense. (8/5038)

Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Bone Marrow Cells

Colony-Forming Units Assay

Bone Marrow

Hematopoietic System

Yolk Sac

Myelopoiesis

Cell Lineage

Cell Differentiation

Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit

Erythropoiesis

Antigens, CD34

Erythroid Precursor Cells

Hemangioblasts

GATA1 Transcription Factor

GATA2 Transcription Factor

Granulocytes

Erythroid Cells

Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Mesonephros

Stem Cell Factor

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Megakaryocytes

Zebrafish

Lymphopoiesis

Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors

Cells, Cultured

Mice, Knockout

Myeloid Cells

Zebrafish Proteins

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb

Transcription Factors

Leukemia

Primary Myelofibrosis

Stromal Cells

Flow Cytometry

Interleukin-3

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb

Pancytopenia

Spleen

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Blood Cells

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit

Embryo, Mammalian

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myeloproliferative Disorders

Erythroblasts

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Thrombopoiesis

Core Binding Factor beta Subunit

Fetal Blood

DNA-Binding Proteins

Blood Cell Count

Stem Cells

Erythrocyte Count

Hemocytes

Cell Division

Leukopoiesis

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Mice, Transgenic

Signal Transduction

Chimera

Erythropoietin

Mice, Mutant Strains

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors

Hematologic Diseases

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Anemia, Aplastic

Liver

Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells

GATA Transcription Factors

Antigens, CD

Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits

Gene Expression Regulation

Leukemia, Myeloid