Hemagglutination Tests
Hemagglutination
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Complement Fixation Tests
Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Yaws
Tannins
Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.
Erythrocytes
Immune Sera
Agglutination Tests
Sheep
Glutaral
Immunodiffusion
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Pasteurella
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne
The classic form of typhus, caused by RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII, which is transmitted from man to man by the louse Pediculus humanus corporis. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of intense headache, malaise, and generalized myalgia followed by the formation of a macular skin eruption and vascular and neurologic disturbances.
Immune Adherence Reaction
A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound C3 molecules on the C3b receptor sites of the indicator cell.
Cross Reactions
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Treponema
Immunoglobulin M
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Hemagglutinins
Rabbits
Antigens, CD57
Serotyping
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Immunoglobulin G
Antibody Specificity
Rubella virus
Guinea Pigs
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Cattle
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Influenza Vaccines
Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.
Fimbriae, Bacterial
Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).
Rubella
Sensitivity and Specificity
The indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies in cattle naturally infected mycoplasmas. (1/2009)
Stable mycoplasma antigens for the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) were prepared employing glutaraldehyde treated sheep erythrocytes sensitized with Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium antigens. Employing these antigens mycoplasma antibodies were detected in sera from cattle which had mastitic symptoms due to natural infection with either M. agalactiae subsp. bovis or M. bovigenitalium. A total of 200 cows from four herds were examined at varying intervals for the presence of M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and for the detection of antibody using growth inhibition and IHA tests. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 37 animals. Growth inhibiting antibody was detected from 56 of the 200 animals. In the IHA tests, antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:80 were detected in 148 animals, 76 of these having antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:160, while sera of 116 normal control animals had no growth inhibiting antibody and none had IHA antibody titers greater than 1:40. M. bovigenitalium was isolated from the milk of three of 26 animals in a fifth herd during an outbreak of mastitis. Growth inhibiting antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of ten of the 26 animals. However, the IHA test detected antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:160 in 13 animals and of 1:80 in one of the 26 animals. To determine the specificity of the IHA tests, M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium antigens were reacted with rabbit hyperimmune typing sera produced against 12 species of bovine mycoplasmatales. Homologous antisera showed IHA antibody titers of 1:1280 and 1:2560 against M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium respectively, whereas heterologous antisera showed IHA antibody titers of less than or equal to 1:20. Also eight type-specific bovine antisera were reacted with M agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium antigens in homologous and heterologous tests. Homoogous reactions showed IHA antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:320, whereas heterologous reactions showed IHA titers of less than or equal to 1:20. This IHA test promises to be useful for the detection of bovine mycoplasma antibodies in sera from cattle infected with M. agalactiae subsp. bovis or M. bovigenitalium. Thes test is sensitive, reproducible and specific and the technique is relatively simple and rapid. The antigens were stable for at least seven months. (+info)Immunological comparison of the proteins of chicken and rat liver ribosomes. (2/2009)
A comparison of the proteins of chicken and rat liver ribosomes using immunochemical techniques was undertaken. The procedures included quantitative precipitation, passive hemagglutination, and immunodiffusion on Ouchterlony plates. The results indicate that antisera specific for chicken or rat liver ribosomes recognize only about 20% of common determinants. While there are important reservations, the results suggest extensive differences in the proteins of rat and chicken liver ribosomes. Despite those differences, rat and chicken liver ribosomal proteins maintain some homologous sequences present in bacterial ribosomal proteins. An enriched antibody preparation against chicken 80 S ribosomes inhibited the poly(U)-directed synthesis of polyphenylalanine and the elongation factor G (EF-G)-catalyzed binding of [3H]GDP to Escherichia coli ribosomes. Thus, chicken liver ribosomes, like ribosomes from rat liver and yeast, must have proteins homologous with those of E. coli ribosomes. (+info)Enterobacterial common antigen: isolation from Shigella sonnei, purification and immunochemical characterization. (3/2009)
In the studies presented the effective procedure of isolation and purification of enterobacterial common antigen from Shigella sonnei has been elaborated. The method is based on sonification of bacterial suspension in the presence of lysozyme and EDTA and subsequent extraction of the pellet with boiling water. The crude extract of common antigen was purified by fractionation with ethanol and chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The comparison of several extraction procedures of enterobacterial common antigen from Shigella sonnei proved that the method described above is most effective. The purified enterobacterial common antigen preparation obtained preserved full biological activity: antigenicity (precipitation and activity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), immunogenicity in rabbits, ability to coat erythrocytes (passive hemagglutination) and inhibitory activity in passive hemagglutination. The pure enterobacterial common antigen was identified to 90% as a polymer of N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (2:1, molar ratio), O-acetylated and containing 3.2% fatty acids (C16:0 and C18:1, not oleic). It contains 5.3% nitrogen, less than 4% protein, less than 0.5% phosphorus and less than 1.6% neutral sugar; glycerol and RNA were not found in the preparation. (+info)Specific suppression of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to collagen in guinea-pigs after immunization with collagen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant. (4/2009)
Partial suppression of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to collagen in guinea-pigs was induced by pre-immunization with collagen and FIA. This suppression is specific since: (a) pretreatment with OA and FIA or FIA alone did not cause suppression of skin reactions to collagen; (b) suppression was observed only if the collagen used for pretreatment was from the same species as that employed for sensitization for delayed hypersensitivity reactions; and (c) animals with depressed skin reactivity to collagen reacted normally to PPD. The suppression is not mediated by inducible, circulating antibodies to collagen since: (a) antibody titres measured by passive haemagglutination did not correlate with the degree of suppression; (b) suppression was observed with collagen in random coil conformation which sensitizes guinea-pigs for delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction but does not induce antibodies to denatured collagen; (c) best suppression was obtained if the animals were pretreated with collagen and FIA 3 days before the sensitizing injection; and (d) passively transferred antibody from animals with suppressed skin reactivity did not suppress skin reactivity of animals made hypersensitive to collagen by injection of collagen and FCA. (+info)PCR detection of Yersinia pestis in fleas: comparison with mouse inoculation. (5/2009)
The "gold standard" for identifying Yersinia pestis-infected fleas has been inoculation of mice with pooled flea material. Inoculated mice are monitored for 21 days, and those that die are further analyzed for Y. pestis infection by fluorescent-antibody assay and/or culture. PCR may provide a more rapid and sensitive alternative for identifying Y. pestis in fleas. To compare these assays, samples were prepared from 381 field-collected fleas. Each flea was analyzed individually by both PCR and mouse inoculation. Sixty of the 381 flea samples were positive for Y. pestis by PCR; 48 of these PCR-positive samples caused death in mice (80.0% agreement). None of the 321 PCR-negative samples caused death. Among the 12 mice that survived inoculation with PCR-positive samples, 10 were later demonstrated by serology or culture to have been infected with Y. pestis. This suggests that death of inoculated mice is less reliable than PCR as an indicator of the presence of Y. pestis in flea samples. Mouse inoculation assays produce results that are comparable to PCR only when surviving as well as dead mice are analyzed for infection. The rapidity and sensitivity (10 to 100 CFU of Y. pestis) of PCR suggest that it could serve as a useful alternative to mouse inoculation for routine plague surveillance and outbreak investigations. (+info)A new method for rapid identification of influenza virus isolates. (6/2009)
With the use of bacteria sensitized by influenza virus strain-specific antisera, virus isolates can be identified rapidly. One drop of virus suspension is mixed with one drop of sensitized bacteria on a slide that is then agitated; reaction occurs within 10 minutes. The test is subtype-specific. The mehod is based on the fact that the cell wall of the Cowan type 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus contains abundant quantities of an antigen, known as protein A, that reacts with the IgG molecule by binding it in such a manner that the antibody-combining sites remain free. If an antigen homologous to the antibody coated on the surface of the bacteria is added to the suspension of sensitized staphylococci, agglutination occurs. (+info)Enzymically inactive members of the trans-sialidase family from Trypanosoma cruzi display beta-galactose binding activity. (7/2009)
trans-sialidase is a unique sialidase in that, instead of hydrolizing sialic acid, it preferentially transfers the monosaccharide to a terminal beta-galactose in glycoproteins and glycolipids. This enzyme, originally identified in Trypanosoma cruzi, belongs to a large family of proteins. Some members of the family lack the enzymatic activity. No function has been yet assigned to them. In this work, the gene copy number and the possible function of inactive members of the trans -sialidase family was studied. It is shown that genes encoding inactive members are not a few, but rather, are present in the same copy number (60-80 per haploid genome) as those encoding active trans -sialidases. Recombinant inactive proteins were purified and assayed for sialic acid and galactose binding activity in agglutination tests. The enzymatically inactive trans -sialidases were found to agglutinate de-sialylated erythrocytes but not untreated red blood cells. Assays made with mouse and rabbit red blood cells suggest that inactive trans -sialidases bind to beta, rather than alpha, terminal galactoses, the same specificity required by active trans -sialidases. A recombinant molecule that was made enzymatically inactive through a mutation in a single amino acid also retained the galactose binding activity. The binding was competed by lactose and was dependent on conservation of the protein native conformation. Therefore, at least some molecules in the trans -sialidase family that have lost their enzymatic function still retain their Gal-binding properties and might have a function as lectins in the parasite-host interaction. (+info)Processing, targeting, and antifungal activity of stinging nettle agglutinin in transgenic tobacco. (8/2009)
The gene encoding the precursor to stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L. ) isolectin I was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In transgenic plants this precursor was processed to mature-sized lectin. The mature isolectin is deposited intracellularly, most likely in the vacuoles. A gene construct lacking the C-terminal 25 amino acids was also introduced in tobacco to study the role of the C terminus in subcellular trafficking. In tobacco plants that expressed this construct, the mutant precursor was correctly processed and the mature isolectin was targeted to the intercellular space. These results indicate the presence of a C-terminal signal for intracellular retention of stinging nettle lectin and most likely for sorting of the lectin to the vacuoles. In addition, correct processing of this lectin did not depend on vacuolar deposition. Isolectin I purified from tobacco displayed identical biological activities as isolectin I isolated from stinging nettle. In vitro antifungal assays on germinated spores of the fungi Botrytis cinerea, Trichoderma viride, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum revealed that growth inhibition by stinging nettle isolectin I occurs at a specific phase of fungal growth and is temporal, suggesting that the fungi had an adaptation mechanism. (+info) Yaws is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue, which is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact or non-intact skin lesions. It is also known as bejel or endemic syphilis. Yaws typically affects children and young adults in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
The symptoms of yaws include skin lesions, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, and fever. If left untreated, yaws can lead to serious complications such as bone deformities, blindness, and neurological problems. Yaws is treated with antibiotics, and early treatment can prevent long-term complications.
Yaws has been largely eliminated in many parts of the world, but it still remains a public health problem in some areas where access to medical care is limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for increased efforts to eliminate yaws by 2020 as part of its Global Verrucosa Syphilis Elimination Initiative.
Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne:
A group of infectious diseases caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted to humans through the bite of infected body lice. The three forms of epidemic typhus are:
1. Classic typhus fever, which is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, headache, myalgia, and a rash that appears on the fourth or fifth day of illness.
2. Brilliant's disease, which is similar to classic typhus fever but with a more rapid onset and a higher mortality rate.
3. Endemic typhus, which is a mild form of the disease that occurs in areas where the disease is constantly present.
Epidemic louse-borne typhus has been known to occur in areas of poverty, poor hygiene, and overcrowding, such as refugee camps, homeless shelters, and prisons. The disease is typically treated with antibiotics, and prevention measures include using insecticides to kill body lice and improving living conditions to reduce the risk of transmission.
Rubella is a highly contagious viral illness that primarily affects children and young adults. It is also known as German measles or three-day measles, and it is caused by a virus called the rubella virus. Rubella can cause fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits. In some cases, rubella can lead to serious complications, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects, if a pregnant woman becomes infected with the virus. Rubella is typically diagnosed based on physical examination and laboratory tests, such as blood tests or nasal swabs. Treatment for rubella is usually supportive, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and relieve discomfort. There is no specific vaccine against rubella, but the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine can protect against all three diseases. Rubella was once a common childhood illness in the United States, but widespread use of the MMR vaccine has largely eliminated the disease from this country.
Source: 'Rubella' in Duane Gubler (ed.), up-to-date online clinical reference, retrieved on March 14, 2023 from
Pythiosis
Jindayok T, Piromsontikorn S, Srimuang S, Khupulsup K, Krajaejun T (July 2009). "Hemagglutination Test for Rapid Serodiagnosis ... A definite diagnosis is confirmed using ELISA testing of serum for pythiosis antibodies, or by PCR testing of infected tissues ... As the organism is neither a bacterium, virus, nor fungus, routine tests often fail to diagnose it. In cytology and histology, ...
Hemagglutinin
On the contrary, if hemagglutination occurs, the test will result negative. Hemagglutination blood typing detection: this ... The agglutination of red blood cells is used in the Coombs test in diagnostic immunohematology to test for autoimmune hemolytic ... meaning that a test's positive result due to hemagglutination has been inhibited. ... HIA (Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay): is a serologic assay which can be used either to screen for antibodies using RBCs with ...
Virology
Older methods included complement fixation tests, hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralisation. Newer methods us enzyme ... The so-called "home" or "self"-testing gadgets are usually lateral flow tests, which detect the virus using a tagged monoclonal ... The invention of microfluidic tests as allowed for most of these tests to be automated, Despite its specificity and sensitivity ... Viral load tests are an important in the control of infections by HIV. This versatile method can be used for plant viruses. ...
Human betaherpesvirus 5
Other tests include various fluorescence assays, indirect hemagglutination, (PCR) and latex agglutination. An ELISA technique ... However, routine testing of all pregnant women is costly and the need for testing should therefore be evaluated on a case-by- ... Phenotypic resistance testing involves cultivation of the virus in cell culture and testing its susceptibility using different ... but have negative test results for hepatitis A, B, and C. For best diagnostic results, laboratory tests for CMV antibody should ...
Kyasanur Forest disease
Other methods of diagnosis included hemagglutination inhibition (HI), complement fixation, neutralization tests. However, new ... This study also found using immune response tests that birds and humans in the region appeared to have been exposed to the ... A seroprevalence study in Andaman and Nicobar islands in 2002 revealed a high prevalence of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) ...
Fujirebio
... the world's first hemagglutination test for syphilis. 1978: Launch of the syphilis SERODIA®-TP•PA test kit. 1981: Established ... The company's first IVD test was launched in 1966, a TPHA kit for syphilis testing. In 1983 the company changed name to ... USA, currently Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc.), pioneer in oncology testing and developer of CA125II, CA19-9 and CA15-3. 2002: ... Fujirebio specializes in innovation, development, manufacturing, and marketing of in vitro diagnostics (IVD) testing solutions ...
Jerome T. Syverton
Brand, K. G.; Syverton, J. T. (1962). "Results of Species-Specific Hemagglutination Tests on "Transformed," Nontransformed, and ...
Bartonella quintana
Cooper, M. D.; Hollingdale, M. R.; Vinson, J. W.; Costa, J. (1976). "A Passive Hemagglutination Test for Diagnosis of Trench ...
Titer
Many traditional serological tests such as hemagglutination or complement fixation employ this principle. Such tests can ... This means that the patient's serum gives a positive indirect Coombs test at any dilution down to 1/16 (1 part serum to 15 ... It is conventionally expressed as the inverse of the greatest dilution level that still gives a positive result on some test. ... For example, the indirect Coombs test detects the presence of anti-Rh antibodies in a pregnant woman's blood serum. A patient ...
Mumps
Antibody titers can also be measured with complement fixation tests, hemagglutination assays, and neutralization tests. In ... "Amylase Test". Lab Tests Online. Archived from the original on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2020. "Changes in the ... Sensitivity to IgM testing is variable, ranging from as low as 24-51% to 75% in the first week and 100% thereafter. Throughout ... In laboratory tests on rodents, MuV appears to enter the CNS first through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), then spreading to the ...
Bovine coronavirus
The haemagglutination inhibition test can be used to establish the strain of coronavirus. Animals should be treated ... In respiratory disease, diagnosis is confirmed by performing a direct fluorescent antibody test on nasal washes - which ...
Alphavirus
These two glycoproteins are the targets of numerous serologic reactions and tests including neutralization and hemagglutination ...
Plaque reduction neutralization test
It has a higher sensitivity than other tests like hemagglutination and many commercial Enzyme immunoassay without compromising ... However, the test is relatively cumbersome and time intensive (few days) relative to EIA kits that give quick results (usually ... The serum sample or solution of antibody to be tested is diluted and mixed with a viral suspension. This is incubated to allow ... Schmidt, N J; J Dennis; E H Lennette (July 1976). "Plaque reduction neutralization test for human cytomegalovirus based upon ...
Blue eye disease
Serological testing via virus neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition testing can be performed to diagnose the disease ... General biosecurity protocols including adequate quarantine, testing, and disinfection can help prevent the entry or spread of ...
Anthrax
Confirmatory testing to identify B. anthracis includes gamma bacteriophage testing, indirect hemagglutination, and enzyme- ... The best confirmatory precipitation test for anthrax is the Ascoli test. Precautions are taken to avoid contact with the skin ... Anthrax was first tested as a biological warfare agent by Unit 731 of the Japanese Kwantung Army in Manchuria during the 1930s ... It is not clear whether similar treatments had been applied to US test sites. Anthrax spores have been used as a biological ...
Melioidosis
Serological tests such as indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) have been used to detect the presence of antibodies against B ... Antigen detect tests allow rapid detection of melioidosis. Examples of antigen detection tests are: latex agglutination test ... This means that many people without symptoms will test positive in serology tests in endemic areas. In Thailand, the ... However, other tests such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels are not reliable in predicting the severity of ...
Canine parvovirus
Diagnosis is made through detection of CPV2 in the feces by either an ELISA or a hemagglutination test, or by electron ... A CPV test should be given as early as possible if CPV is suspected in order to begin early treatment and increase survival ... The duration of immunity of vaccines for CPV2 has been tested for all major vaccine manufacturers in the United States and has ... although they are indistinguishable by most routine tests. An additional variant is CPV-2c, a Glu-426 mutant, and was ...
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Bacterial culture, immunofluorescent antibody testing (IFAT), complement fixation test and haemagglutination can all be used to ...
Ungulate protoparvovirus 1
Several parameters of the hemagglutination (HA) test-such as the temperature of incubation, the species of erythrocyte used, ... The SN test has been reported to be more sensitive than the HI test. A microtechnique for application of the SN test has been ... Tests The HI test is frequently used for detection and quantitation of humoral antibody for PPV. Antibody sometimes can be ... Moreover, levels of antibody too low to be detected by the HI test may be detected by the SN test. The primary significance of ...
Pregnancy test
Immunologic pregnancy tests were introduced in 1960 when Wide and Gemzell presented a test based on in-vitro hemagglutination ... Therefore, a blood test can be positive while the urine test is still negative. Qualitative tests (yes/no or positive/negative ... Qualitative urine tests available for home use are typically designed as lateral flow tests. Quantitative tests measure the ... A pregnancy test is used to determine whether a female is pregnant or not. The two primary methods are testing for the female ...
Carl Axel Gemzell
In 1960 Gemzell and Leif Wide presented a pregnancy test based on in-vitro hemagglutination inhibition, a first step away from ... This test initiated a series of improvements in pregnancy testing leading to the contemporary at-home testing. Gemzell was a ... ISBN 978-0-470-16927-8. Wide L (2005). "Inventions leading to the development of the diagnostic test kit industry--from the ... Wide, L; Gemzell, C. A. (1960). "An immunological pregnancy test". Acta Endocrinologica. 35: 261-7. doi:10.1530/acta.0.xxxv0261 ...
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
... test, hemagglutination inhibition test (HI), or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The SPA test is more commonly used ... Tests can be performed on serum samples as well as tissue samples. However, it has been stated that serological tests cannot be ... Many serology tests can be performed to diagnose M. gallisepticum: serum plate agglutination (SPA) ... found that antibody responses change in the early and advanced stages of the disease and the results vary according to the test ...
Egg drop syndrome
... in the flocks is also useful for early detection and tested for haemagglutination. It is common practice for poultry viruses' ... However, proper laboratory testing is still needed to eliminate doubts for a definitive diagnosis. Serological testing can ... The common tests of choice include Haemaglutination-Inhibition, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Serum Neutralisation. The ... Identification of the virus can also be detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction-based test. There is no treatment for EDS '76, ...
Enterovirus E
Electron microscopy, PCR, complement fixation, antibody fluorescence, neutralization test, and haemagglutination can be used to ...
Influenza D virus
Diagnosis is by virus isolation, serology, and other tests. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) is one method of serology that ... ELISA was shown to have higher sensitivity to the HEF than the HI test. Because only Influenza viruses C and D produce esterase ... No samples of influenza D virus were detected in serum samples from humans; however, hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies ...
Influenza C virus
Diagnosis is by virus isolation, serology, and other tests. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) is one method of serology that ... ELISA was shown to have higher sensitivity to the HEF than the HI test. Because only Influenza viruses C and D produce esterase ... If more individuals were tested for Influenza virus C as well as the other three types, infections not previously associated ...
Influenza A virus subtype H7N9
Forty-three close contacts of the infected patients did not become ill and they all tested negative for haemagglutination ... Adjuvants are being tested with the vaccine to determine if an adequate immune response can be produced. In addition, during a ... A health department notice suggested that a 4-year-old boy had no clinical symptoms and was tested during surveillance of high- ... Chinese National Influenza Center director Shu Yuelong said the vaccine passed tests on ferrets and had been approved for ...
Mycoplasma orale
confirmed M. orale was distinct from previously discovered Mycoplasma species with a serological test using haemagglutination ... Samples were obtained from the patient and grown on media for testing. 16S rRNA sequencing was completed and revealed the ...
Sid blood group system
... antigen can be detected in urine using hemagglutination inhibition testing: anti-Sd(a) is added to the urine, followed by Sd(a ... test positive through urine testing.: 224 The Sd(a++) phenotype is rare, especially in Europe, but may be more common in East ... Urine testing is considered the most reliable method for determining a person's Sid blood type.: 505-6 Antibodies against the ... Anti-Sd(a) is not known to cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.: 687 Approximately 91% of people test positive for Sd(a) ...
Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay
A variety of methods exist to adsorb these antibodies from the test sample before hemagglutination.[citation needed] ... A negative test result shows a tight button or spot of red blood cells on the surface of the test dish. Often a plastic test ... A negative test shows no clumping of gelatin particles. This is a type of specific treponemal test for syphilis.[citation ... Please note the image (Fig 1) of the wells on the test plate and the positive and negative test results look different. For ...
Influenza
Nucleic acid-based tests (NATs) amplify and detect viral nucleic acid. Most of these tests take a few hours, but rapid ... Common serological assays include hemagglutination inhibition assays that detect HA-specific antibodies, virus neutralization ... Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are a simple way of obtaining assay results, are low cost, and produce results quickly ... Influenza testing is recommended for anyone hospitalized with symptoms resembling influenza during flu season or who is ...
Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
In the past nucleic acid tests have mainly been used as a secondary test to confirm positive serological results. However, as ... "Influenza hemagglutination inhibition assay". www.virology.ws. Retrieved 19 October 2020. (Articles with short description, ... Both types of antibodies are measured when tests for immunity are carried out. Antibody testing has become widely available. It ... it remains the gold standard for identifying viruses that do not show up on routine diagnostic tests or for which routine tests ...
Diffuse panbronchiolitis
... an arterial blood test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood) readings show that free oxygen in ... Hemagglutination, a clumping of red blood cells in response to the presence of antibodies in the blood, may also occur. ... using a blood test called arterial blood gas. Other findings observed with DPB include the proliferation of lymphocytes (white ... which is evaluated by a pulmonary function test, or PFT. Lung X-rays can also reveal dilation of the bronchiolar passages, ...
Murine respirovirus
... the HA test is less reliable than the EID50 or PFU tests because it does not always indicate the presence of a viable virus in ... and hemagglutination assays, with particular emphasis on use of the ELISA for its high sensitivity (unlike the hemagglutination ... It is also reported that the Moscow strain of SeV was tested by Dr. V. Senin and his team as an anticancer agent in a few dozen ... The 129/J mice tested were approximately 25,000-fold more sensitive than SJL/J mice. C57BL/6 mice are highly resistant to the ...
Paramyxoviridae
These possess both haemagglutination and neuraminidase activity, which cleaves sialic acid on the cell surface, preventing ... observed as an ability to cause red blood cells to clump in laboratory tests. HN (Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase) attachment ... Attachment proteins with neither haemagglutination nor neuraminidase activity are designated G (glycoprotein). These occur in ... Proteins are designated H (hemagglutinin) for morbilliviruses as they possess haemagglutination activity, ...
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test
... test, T. pallidum hemagglutination assays (TPHA), and the microhemagglutination assay (MHA-TP).[citation needed] The MHA-TP is ... The VDRL test is used to screen for syphilis (it has high sensitivity), whereas other, more specific tests are used to diagnose ... This test is not done on spinal fluid. The MHA-TP test is rarely used any more. Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay ... The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) is a blood test for syphilis and related non-venereal treponematoses that ...
Oropouche fever
... hemagglutination inhibition), NT (neutralization test), and CF (complement fixation test) tests and in-house-enzyme linked ... Nevertheless, clinics in Brazil may not have adequate testing reliability as they rely on symptoms rather than PCR viral ...
Toxopneustes pileolus
The rigid "shell" (test) is a variegated deep red and gray in color, though in rare cases it may be greenish to light purple. ... It was found to interfere with the transmission of signals at nerve endings as well as cause hemagglutination (clumping of the ... The test is variegated in coloration, usually deep red and grey, though there are rare instances of green and pale purple. Each ... It can be distinguished by the bright violet coloration on the bottom and in a band around the middle of their tests. Flower ...
Ha
... in statistical testing Ha (Chinese surname) (哈), found in the Hundred Family Surnames Ha (Korean surname) (하, 河 or 夏) Hà, ... an antigenic glycoprotein from Influenza viruses Hemagglutination assay, a measurement of viruses or bacteria Hartree, an ...
H5N1 vaccine clinical trials
... based on hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) at all doses tested. The unadjuvanted vaccine at the 45-microgram dose yielded ... Still, such a vaccine is years away from full testing, approval, and use." As of July 2007, phase I clinical trials on humans ... Study start: October 2005; Study completion: January 2007 This Australian study will test the safety and immunogenicity of an ... CIDRAP article Pandemic Influenza - Last updated June 16, 2011 eurekalert article Universal flu vaccine being tested on humans ...
Avian infectious bronchitis
Antibodies to IBV may be detected by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, ELISA and Haemagglutination inhibition ( ...
Torovirus
... hemagglutination-inhibition tests (HA/HI), and nucleic acid hybridization. Mostly torovirus infecting humans are probably ... Many diagnostic techniques for torovirus infection in clinical specimens are now available such as hemagglutination (HA), ... Diagnosis of the viral infection involves electron microscopy, ELISA or haemagglutination inhibition. Supportive treatment may ... severity of illness and mortality was not much affected in the patients with torovirus as compared to the patients who tested ...
Agglutination (biology)
Landsteiner's agglutination tests and his discovery of ABO blood groups was the start of the science of blood transfusion and ... Hemagglutination is the process by which red blood cells agglutinate, meaning clump or clog. The agglutin involved in ... This Widal test was the first example of serum diagnosis. Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner found another important practical ... This is called autoagglutination and it can interfere with laboratory tests such as blood typing and the complete blood count. ...
Lectin
Many legume seeds have been proven to contain high lectin activity, termed hemagglutination. Soybean is the most important ... and used in biomedicine for blood cell testing and in biochemistry for fractionation.[citation needed] Although they were first ... "Sialidase-Enhanced Lectin-Like Mechanism for Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii Hemagglutination". Infection and ...
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
... direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests, complement fixation tests (CFT), indirect haemagglutination test (IHA), ELISA ... Other procedures used for diagnosis include growth inhibition disc tests (GI), ...
Meningeal syphilis
Serology includes two types of antibody test: Nontreponemal antibody test and Treponemal antibody test (specific test). The ... Treponema pallidum haemagglutination) are positive There are many different forms on prevention of syphilis and other sexually ... This stage can be diagnosed through specific tests in serology. The nonspecific tests may be negative. At this point, there is ... The Treponemal antibody test (specific test) confirms with FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption). Brain imaging ...
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Current point of care molecular diagnostic tests can identify EAEC and antimicrobial resistance in the identified strains much ... MAP, three-membrane associated proteins, are essential in the EAEC adherence to haemagglutination of animal cells. Stage two: ... For culture-positive samples, antimicrobial resistance testing takes an additional 12-24 hours to perform. ... but the size of the test panel (i.e., total pathogens and AMR genes) is limited. Newer metagenomics-based infectious disease ...
Edible vaccine
... they are predominately tested in the animal testing and in development phases, with some human clinical trials being conducted ... For example, experimental animals were given transgenic bananas with anti-hemagglutination specific antibodies to combat ... There are a few other techniques that have been tested, however, the three techniques describe above are more common and ... During three of the recent disease outbreaks around the world, edible vaccines have been developed for testing on animals but ...
Bernice Eddy
Eddy tested Army flu vaccines for 16 years until she was promoted to chief of flu virus vaccine testing in 1944. In parallel to ... The virus can be absorbed onto guinea pig, hamster, or human 0 erythrocytes in the cold-causing hemag- glutination. They also ... Stewart and Eddy continued to test the theory that viral components are able to induce tumors. They tested tumor extracts from ... Eddy's job was to test the inactivated vaccines from five different companies. After testing the vaccines on 18 monkeys, she ...
Blood compatibility testing
In these cases, hemagglutination inhibition can be used, wherein a neutralizing substance cancels out a specific antigen. ... If routine serologic testing for RhD results in a score of 2+ or less, the antiglobulin test can be used to demonstrate the ... The indirect antiglobulin test, which is used for weak D testing and typing of some red blood cell antigens, detects IgG bound ... A direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test) is also performed as part of the antibody investigation. Donor blood is generally ...
Arbovirus
... neutralization test, and hemagglutination-inhibition test. In the past, arboviruses were organized into one of four groups: A, ... "Arbovirus Antibodies Test". Medical Health Tests. March 27, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2013. Huang, C.; Slater, B.; Campbell, W ... "Arboviral Diagnostic Testing". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Retrieved April 17, 2013. " ... Seawright, G. L.; Harding, G.; Thomas, F. C.; Hanson, R. P. (1974). "Microculture Plaque Neutralization Test for California ...
IHA
... non-profit dedicated to raising cardiovascular and stroke health awareness Indirect Hemagglutination Test, A form of ... agglutination test that involves red blood cells Ingeniørhøjskolen i Aarhus, the Engineering College of Aarhus, Denmark ...
Application of indirect haemagglutination tests for malaria
Searo-Diagnosis of Dengue Infections by Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HI) in Suspected Cases in Chittagong, Bangladesh.
CDC standard rubella hemagglutination-inhibition test
... Center for Disease Control "CDC standard rubella hemagglutination- ... inhibition test" (1970). Center for Disease Control "CDC standard rubella hemagglutination-inhibition test" , 1970. Export RIS ... Title : CDC standard rubella hemagglutination-inhibition test Corporate Authors(s) : Center for Disease Control Published Date ... 2014 CDC infectious diseases laboratory test directory, version 4.0 Cite CITE. Title : 2014 CDC infectious diseases laboratory ...
Book Tpha; Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Lab Test Online at Best Price-Dr-lal Kochi
Get detailed info about tpha; treponema pallidum hemagglutination lab test ... treponema pallidum hemagglutination lab test Online at best price with sample collection at home. ... Home Lab-Tests Kochi. Tpha; Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination. Tpha; Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Home Collection ... Test(s) that you are trying to add is available with the different lab selected earlier. Please select a single lab to proceed ...
A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 - Immunology
... low cost and can be applied as a Point of Care Test (POCT). We describe a red cell agglutination test for the detection of ... Red cell agglutination tests have a long history in blood typing, and general serology through linkage of reporter molecules to ... antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). We show that the Haemagglutination Test ( ... Several high-performance commercial tests have been described, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are ...
ArboCat Virus: Bagaza (BAGV)
Antigenic relationships among the 47 human adenoviruses determined in reference horse antisera
All tests were carried to endpoint dilutions a minimum of five times in each direction to give accurate values … ... of human adenoviruses presently described have been prepared and evaluated by reciprocal neutralization and hemagglutination- ... presently described have been prepared and evaluated by reciprocal neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. All ... averaging 12 heterologous reactions per type when summing both tests in both directions. Types 20, 30, 32, and 45 exhibit ...
Table A1 - Probable Non-Vector-borne Transmission of Zika Virus, Colorado, USA - Volume 17, Number 5-May 2011 - Emerging...
... not tested. Hemagglutination test, numbers are reciprocal of serum dilution inhibiting 4 units of antigen; 0 = negative ... Plaque-reduction neutralization test, numbers refer to neutralizing antibody titers with a 90% cutoff value: titers , positive ... Complement fixation tests, numbers refer to reciprocal of serum titer/reciprocal of antigen titer; 0, negative reaction at ,8/, ...
Publication : USDA ARS
Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations of the Advisory ...
Indirect hemagglutination test for varicella-zoster infection. Infect Immun 1972;5:835-9. * Wreghitt TG, Tedder RS, Nagington J ... The CF test has been widely used but is the least sensitive test; antibody may diminish to levels undetectable by CF several ... The appropriateness of a laboratory test to detect antibody to VZV depends on the purpose for obtaining the information; tests ... the LA test generally is more sensitive than commercial ELISAs. The LA test has detected antibody for up to 11 years after ...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2008 MeSH
Hemadsorption Inhibition Tests E5.478.594.760.360. Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests E5.478.594.760.370. Hemagglutination Tests ... Skin Test End-Point Titration E5.478.594.760.550.750. E5.478.594.800.300.750. Skin Tests E5.478.594.800. Smith-Lemli-Opitz ... Kveim Test E5.478.594.800.300.540. Labetalol D2.65.793.324. Labyrinthitis C9.218.568.315 C9.218.568.558. C9.218.705.371. ... Tuberculin Test E5.478.594.800.800. Tuberous Sclerosis C10.500.507.875. C16.131.666.507.875. Tubocurarine D3.132.436.255.847 ...
Serological Evidence of Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection in U.S. Marines Who Trained in Australia From 2012-2014: A...
The indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) is the most widely used serological test for the detection of antibodies directed ... The indirect haemagglutination test in the diagnosis of melioidosis in goats. Br Vet J. 1965;121:164-170. ... Test of Sitewide Banner. This is a test of the sitewide banner capability. In the case of an emergency, site visitors would be ... Serological diagnosis of human melioidosis with indirect hemagglutination and complement fixation tests. Appl Microbiol. 1970; ...
Unrecognized Subclinical Infection with Tickborne Encephalitis Virus, Japan - Volume 23, Number 10-October 2017 - Emerging...
Holzmann H, Kundi M, Stiasny K, Clement J, McKenna P, Kunz C, et al. Correlation between ELISA, hemagglutination inhibition, ... We conducted neutralizing antibody testing using the virus isolated from Hokkaido in 1993 (4). We determined a serum sample to ... Because flaviviruses are known to serologically cross-react with other close flaviviruses (8), we tested serum against JEV, the ... Two (0.7%) tested positive. Neither had clinically apparent symptoms after removing ticks. ...
CBRNE - Biological Warfare Agents: Historical Aspects of Biological Warfare Agents, Delivery, Dissemination, and Detection of...
Serology tests available include IgM, ELISA, indirect FA, hemagglutination inhibition, compliment fixation, and IgG. PCR is not ... Serum testing always should include dilution to at least 1:320. The tube agglutination test does not detect antibodies to B ... The tube agglutination test remains the criterion standard. This test reflects the presence of anti-O-polysaccharide antibody. ... testing and can be utilized on blood and body fluid specimens. Currently, these tests are utilized throughout the reference ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Basic View
Amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol, hexylresorcinol, or carrage | IJGM
None of the tested AMC/DCBA or HR containing lozenges shows any antiviral effectiveness against HRV8 at the tested ... The lozenges were tested head to head with Coldamaris® lozenges (#1), which contain the patented antiviral iota-carrageenan. ... Only lozenge #5 shows any activity against hCoV OC43 and Coxsackievirus A10 at the tested concentrations. Similarly, only ... In contrast, carrageenan-containing lozenges are highly active against all viruses tested. In another experiment, we showed ...
Doxycycline treatment of otosyphilis with hearing loss | Sexually Transmitted Infections
The diagnosis of otosyphilis was confirmed by a positive serum for T pallidum haemagglutination test. We also excluded HIV ... The serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test titer at 1 year after treatment is also shown in table 1. One patient ... CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory Test, CSF India ink and CSF culture were negative in all patients. ...
Microbiology Teaching Resources - Microbiology Education - Degrees & Guides
Syphilis Tests: MedlinePlus Medical Test
Syphilis tests are used to screen for and diagnose syphilis, a bacterial infection spread by sexual contact. Syphilis is easily ... T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). *T. pallidum enzyme immunoassay (TP-EIA). *Chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) ... What happens during a syphilis test?. A syphilis test is usually a blood test. During a blood test, a health care professional ... www.testing.com/tests/syphilis-test/. *Tsang RSW, Radons SM, Morshed M. Laboratory diagnosis of syphilis: A survey to examine ...
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
On hemagglutination inhibition test, antiserum against APMV/Shimane67 revealed low reactivity with other APMV serotypes and ... All 33 isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution methods, which showed ... testing. Isolates obtained from milk, processed manure and bedding materials had identical DNA fragment patterns. Antimicrobial ...
Comparison of the safety, vaccine virus shedding, and immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine, trivalent, types A and B, live...
Journal of The Infectious Disease Association of Thailand
ArboCat Virus: Antequera (ANTV)
No inhibition of hemagglutination was detected in HI tests employing HIAF for AG80-226 and antigens of viruses belonging to ... NT tests were performed with five of these six isolates (AG80-785 = AG80-1545). The results (shown below) demonstrate that, ... Six strains were shown to be identical by cross-CF tests: AG80-226, AG80-517, AG80-785, AG80-1545, AG80-381, and AG80-504. AG80 ... sucrose-acetone antigen) tested by CF with a battery of HIAF containing antibodies to more than 300 arboviruses and other ...
SciELO - Revista de Saúde Pública, Volume: 18, Issue: 4, Published: 1984
Inhibition tests2
- Reference equine antisera to all 47 serotypes of human adenoviruses presently described have been prepared and evaluated by reciprocal neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. (nih.gov)
- Antigenic analysis, as measured by hemagglutination inhibition tests, is being used to determine antigenic variability. (usda.gov)
Indirect hemagglutination test1
- The Syphilis TPHA test is a classic, indirect hemagglutination test used for the detection and titration of antibodies against the causative agent of syphilis , Treponema pallidum . (wikidoc.org)
Assay3
- The later in pregnancy that infec- bad obstetric history by comparing the ag- tion occurs, the more likely it is that the fe- glutination test, the enzyme-linked immun- tus will be infected but the less severe the ofluorescent assay for toxoplasma-specific illness will be [ 6 ]. (who.int)
- The aim of this study was to determine serum antibody levels against the Newcastle disease virus in vaccinated chicken flocks in addition to experimental animals by hemagglutination inhibition (HI)test and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compare the results. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- These were then tested using a horse haemagglutination inhibition assay and a microneutralization assay with all three clades of influenza A(H5N1) viruses that have circulated in Viet Nam since 2004. (who.int)
Antibodies12
- These antibodies can be adsorbed out of the test sample by a variety of methods thereby reducing false positives for syphilis. (wikidoc.org)
- We describe a red cell agglutination test for the detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). (ox.ac.uk)
- We show that the Haemagglutination Test ("HAT") has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after a PCR diagnosed infection. (ox.ac.uk)
- The HAT can be titrated, detects rising titres in the first five days of hospital admission, correlates well with a commercial test that detects antibodies to the RBD, and can be applied as a point of care test. (ox.ac.uk)
- Aliquots of this reagent are ready to be supplied to qualified groups anywhere in the world that need to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, but do not have the facilities for high throughput commercial tests. (ox.ac.uk)
- These pairs of H5 antigens, with different neuraminidase subtypes, were tested to exclude cross-reactivity driven by neuraminidase-specific antibodies. (cdc.gov)
- Syphilis tests screen for and diagnose syphilis by looking for certain antibodies in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- In most cases, the first step is a screening test to check for antibodies that are linked to having a syphilis infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- If the result of your screening test shows you have antibodies linked to syphilis infections, you'll need a second test to confirm whether or not you have syphilis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Usually, the second test looks for antibodies that your immune system makes only to fight off syphilis. (medlineplus.gov)
- In some cases, a health care provider will use a test that looks for actual syphilis bacteria, instead of antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
- Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (bvsalud.org)
Antibody3
- All tests were carried to endpoint dilutions a minimum of five times in each direction to give accurate values for homologous and heterologous antibody titers. (nih.gov)
- We conducted neutralizing antibody testing using the virus isolated from Hokkaido in 1993 ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Immunogenicity was evaluated by changes in hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titer, and by comparing geometric mean titers (GMTs), seroconversion, and seroprotection rates between the study groups. (unboundmedicine.com)
Microneutralization1
- Methods: We invited participant laboratories from industry, contract research organizations (CROs), academia and public health institutions who regularly conduct hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and microneutralization (MN) assays and have an interest in serology standardization. (bvsalud.org)
Pallidum2
- In the test red blood cells ( erythrocytes ) are sensitized with antigens from T. pallidum . (wikidoc.org)
- The diagnosis of otosyphilis was confirmed by a positive serum for T pallidum haemagglutination test. (bmj.com)
Infections2
ELISA1
- The negative threshold was found to be an optical density of 0.19 (OD)at a 490-nm wavelength.In addition to the 50 experimental animals, a total of 504 chicken sera (broiler,layer and breeder flocks)collected from 21 farms were tested (both HI and ELISA). (tubitak.gov.tr)
Cross Reactions1
- In many of these cases, the serotype could not be determined because of cross-reactions in serologic tests. (cdc.gov)
Serum2
- During their general health screening in February and March 2017, participants were asked to provide an additional 2 mL of serum for laboratory testing and to answer a questionnaire about the frequency of tick bites. (cdc.gov)
- Because flaviviruses are known to serologically cross-react with other close flaviviruses ( 8 ), we tested serum against JEV, the only other endemic flavivirus in Japan, and successfully excluded its possibility. (cdc.gov)
Viruses2
- A/decoyduck/France/161105a/2016 and H5N5 A/muteswan/ Croatia/102/2016, or for viruses belonging to other H5 Eurasian lineages, H5N3 A/muscovy duck/France/070090b/2007 and H5N2 A/chicken/France/03426a/2003 (http://www.oie.int/en/standard-setting/terrestrial- code/access-online). (cdc.gov)
- In contrast, carrageenan-containing lozenges are highly active against all viruses tested. (dovepress.com)
Diagnostic2
- With over 3368 diagnostic and related healthcare tests and services offered, we believe we are capable of performing substantially all of the diagnostic healthcare tests and services currently prescribed by physicians in India. (mediwheel.in)
- Our National Reference Laboratory has obtained ISO 9001:2008 certification (for the performance of routine and advanced diagnostic pathology testing services, including clinical trials), ISO 15189:2007 (for quality management in medical laboratories), ISO 15189:2012 certification (in the field of medical testing) and ISO 27001:2013 certification (for establishing an effective information management system that maintains and processes information security at our data center). (mediwheel.in)
Patients2
Regularly1
- Even if you don't have symptoms, you should get tested regularly if you have a high risk for getting syphilis. (medlineplus.gov)
Seasonal influenza2
- Currently there are no international EQA schemes for seasonal influenza serology testing. (bvsalud.org)
- Discussion: This study has received positive feedback from participants, highlighting the benefit such an EQA scheme would have on improving laboratory performance, reducing inter laboratory variation and raising awareness of both harmonized protocol use and the benefit of biological standards for seasonal influenza serology testing. (bvsalud.org)
0.971
- 0.97%) tested positive. (who.int)
Syphilis11
- What are syphilis tests? (medlineplus.gov)
- Syphilis tests are used to screen for and diagnose syphilis . (medlineplus.gov)
- Syphilis tests can help diagnose the infection in the early stages, when it's easiest to cure. (medlineplus.gov)
- Syphilis testing usually involves two steps. (medlineplus.gov)
- Why do I need a syphilis test? (medlineplus.gov)
- You should get tested for syphilis if you have symptoms of syphilis or if your sexual partner was recently diagnosed with syphilis. (medlineplus.gov)
- You will also need a syphilis test if you are pregnant . (medlineplus.gov)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all pregnant people have a syphilis test at their first prenatal visit. (medlineplus.gov)
- Pregnant people who are more likely to become infected with syphilis should be tested again at 28 weeks of pregnancy and at delivery. (medlineplus.gov)
- What happens during a syphilis test? (medlineplus.gov)
- A syphilis test is usually a blood test. (medlineplus.gov)
Agglutination tests1
- Red cell agglutination tests have a long history in blood typing, and general serology through linkage of reporter molecules to the red cell surface. (ox.ac.uk)
Laboratory3
- Several high-performance commercial tests have been described, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparatively expensive, and therefore not available universally. (ox.ac.uk)
- Introduction: External Quality Assessment (EQA) schemes are designed to provide a snapshot of laboratory proficiency, identifying issues and providing feedback to improve laboratory performance and inter-laboratory agreement in testing. (bvsalud.org)
- Between run analysis showed laboratory and strain specific issues, particularly with B strains for HAI, whilst MN testing was consistently good across labs and strains. (bvsalud.org)
Positive5
- 55 tested positive. (who.int)
- Histopathological examination was done for 9 pregnant women who tested positive by the latex agglutination test but we found no evidence of toxoplasma infection. (who.int)
- Two (0.7%) tested positive. (cdc.gov)
- To differentiate TBEV infection from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection, which occurs in southwestern Japan, we also conducted neutralization testing for JEV on all TBEV-positive samples. (cdc.gov)
- b Positive/tested. (cdc.gov)
Rapid1
- Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) , which is a blood test. (medlineplus.gov)
Strains1
- Six strains were shown to be identical by cross-CF tests: AG80-226, AG80-517, AG80-785, AG80-1545, AG80-381, and AG80-504. (cdc.gov)
Infection1
- RÉSUMÉ Afin d'identifier la contribution réelle de la toxoplasmose à la perte foetale et aux mauvais antécé- dents obstétricaux, nous avons effectué des tests chez 310 femmes, dont 77,4 % avaient eu une ou plusieurs perte(s) foetale(s), à la recherche de preuves d'une infection. (who.int)
Animals2
- Testing and quarantine protocols of animals designated for release programs are being reviewed. (vin.com)
- The General Pharmacology team at WuXi Biology offers in vivo screening and testing for the pharmacological effects of anti-hypertension candidates for our clients using wireless remote systems in free moving awake animals (including rodents and large animals). (wuxibiology.com)
Blood2
- During a blood test, a health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. (medlineplus.gov)
- After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. (medlineplus.gov)
Symptoms1
- Anti-PA IgG remained detectable 8-16 months after the onset of symptoms in all 6 survivors of inhalation anthrax and in 7 of 11 survivors of cutaneous anthrax who were tested. (cdc.gov)
Cases1
- c In most cases, the serotype was determined only by serologic testing unless we indicate otherwise that virus isolation or polymerase chain reaction was also used. (cdc.gov)
Common1
- False Positives are common in this test. (wikidoc.org)
Shows2
- None of the tested AMC/DCBA or HR containing lozenges shows any antiviral effectiveness against HRV8 at the tested concentrations, whereas all are moderately active against HRV1a. (dovepress.com)
- Only lozenge #5 shows any activity against hCoV OC43 and Coxsackievirus A10 at the tested concentrations. (dovepress.com)
