Helminth proteins. Medical search

Commonly known as parasitic worms, this group includes the ACANTHOCEPHALA; NEMATODA; and PLATYHELMINTHS. Some authors consider certain species of LEECHES that can become temporarily parasitic as helminths.

Proteins found in any species of helminth.

Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.

Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.

The treatment of immune system diseases by deliberate infestation with helminths. This therapy is partly based on the HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS which states that the absence of parasites increases immune dysregulation because of the lack of stimulation of REGULATORY T-CELLS.

Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.

A genus of nematode worms comprising the whipworms.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

A superfamily of nematode parasitic hookworms consisting of four genera: ANCYLOSTOMA; NECATOR; Bunostomum; and Uncinaria. ANCYLOSTOMA and NECATOR occur in humans and other mammals. Bunostomum is common in ruminants and Uncinaria in wolves, foxes, and dogs.

Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.

A species of intestinal nematode parasites which occur most commonly in mice. Infection is by ingesting larvae. This particular species is used extensively in immunological research.

Infections with nematodes of the order STRONGYLIDA.

Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified.

A subclass of segmented worms comprising the tapeworms.

Determination of parasite eggs in feces.

A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)

A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. It is common in the Nile delta. The intermediate host is the planorbid snail. This parasite causes schistosomiasis mansoni and intestinal bilharziasis.

Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa.

A superfamily of nematodes of the suborder SPIRURINA. Its organisms possess a filiform body and a mouth surrounded by papillae.

A genus of trematode flukes belonging to the family Schistosomatidae. There are over a dozen species. These parasites are found in man and other mammals. Snails are the intermediate hosts.

Infections with true tapeworms of the helminth subclass CESTODA.

Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.

A genus of intestinal nematode parasites belonging to the superfamily HELIGMOSOMATOIDEA, which commonly occurs in rats but has been experimentally transmitted to other rodents and rabbits. Infection is usually through the skin.

Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.

Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.

Class of parasitic flukes consisting of three subclasses, Monogenea, Aspidogastrea, and Digenea. The digenetic trematodes are the only ones found in man. They are endoparasites and require two hosts to complete their life cycle.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths.

A species of helminth commonly called the sheep liver fluke. It occurs in the biliary passages, liver, and gallbladder during various stages of development. Snails and aquatic vegetation are the intermediate hosts. Occasionally seen in man, it is most common in sheep and cattle.

Infections caused by infestation with worms of the class Trematoda.

A common parasite of humans in the moist tropics and subtropics. These organisms attach to villi in the small intestine and suck blood causing diarrhea, anorexia, and anemia.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.

Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINELLOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.

A species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. The females and their larvae inhabit the mucosa of the intestinal tract, where they cause ulceration and diarrhea.

Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

A genus of large tapeworms.

Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.

A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ASCARIDOIDEA whose species usually inhabit the intestine.

A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.

A superfamily of strongyles or roundworms which are parasites in the intestinal tract of equines, pigs, rodents, and primates (including man). It includes the genera Cyasthostomum, Ransomus, Globocephalus, OESOPHAGOSTOMUM, and STRONGYLUS.

The genetic complement of a helminth (HELMINTHS) as represented in its DNA.

Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.

The smallest species of TAPEWORMS. It is the only cestode that parasitizes humans without requiring an intermediate host.

Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.

An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A genus of nematode intestinal parasites that consists of several species. A. duodenale is the common hookworm in humans. A. braziliense, A. ceylonicum, and A. caninum occur primarily in cats and dogs, but all have been known to occur in humans.

Invertebrate organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

An anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations.

A species of parasitic nematode usually found in domestic pigs and a few other animals. Human infection can also occur, presumably as result of handling pig manure, and can lead to intestinal obstruction.

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

A genus of small tapeworms of birds and mammals.

Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.

Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.

A superfamily of parasitic nematodes which requires one or two intermediate arthropod hosts before finally being eaten by the final host. Its organisms occur rarely in man.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.

Infection with nematodes of the genus MANSONELLA. Symptoms include pruritus, headache, and articular swelling.

A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae which occurs at different stages in development in veins of the pulmonary and hepatic system and finally the bladder lumen. This parasite causes urinary schistosomiasis.

Infection by flukes of the genus Echinostoma.

Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.

Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes.

A white threadlike worm which causes elephantiasis, lymphangitis, and chyluria by interfering with the lymphatic circulation. The microfilaria are found in the circulating blood and are carried by mosquitoes.

A genus of parasitic nematodes widely distributed as intestinal parasites of mammals.

Infections or infestations with parasitic organisms. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.

Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.

A supergroup (some say phylum) of ameboid EUKARYOTES, comprising ARCHAMOEBAE; LOBOSEA; and MYCETOZOA.

A human disease caused by the infection of parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM. It is endemic in AFRICA and parts of the MIDDLE EAST. Tissue damages most often occur in the URINARY TRACT, specifically the URINARY BLADDER.

Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).

A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.

The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.

An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Its organisms are characterized by a single, ventral excretory gland and a relatively stout, short body.

A tri-benzene-ammonium usually compounded with zinc chloride. It is used as a biological stain and for the dyeing and printing of textiles.

Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.

Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.

A genus of parasitic nematodes whose organisms are distributed in Central and South America. Characteristics include a smooth cuticle and an enlarged anterior end.

A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.

Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.

A phylum of acoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical flatworms, without a definite anus. It includes three classes: Cestoda, Turbellaria, and Trematoda.

A superfamily of parasitic nematodes consisting of several genera. ENTEROBIUS, which occurs in humans, and Oxyuris, which occurs in horses, are two of the most common. Other genera are: Skrjabinema, Passalurus, Dermatoxys, and Probstmayria.

A species of tapeworm (TAPEWORMS) infecting RATS and MICE but rarely causing disease in humans. Its life cycle involves RODENTS as the definitive host and BEETLES as the intermediate host.

An order of nematodes of the subclass SECERNENTEA. Its organisms possess two or three pairs of dorsolateral caudal papillae.

A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL).

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.

A superfamily of nematodes. Most are intestinal parasites of ruminants and accidentally in humans. This superfamily includes seven genera: DICTYOCAULUS; HAEMONCHUS; Cooperia, OSTERTAGIA; Nematodirus, TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; and Hyostrongylus.

A genus of intestinal flukes of the family Echinostomatidae which consists of many species. They occur in man and other vertebrates. The intermediate hosts are frequently mollusks.

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/1944)

We have identified a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily, CET-1, from Caenorhabditis elegans, which is expressed in the ventral nerve cord and other neurons. cet-1 null mutants have shortened bodies and male tail abnormal phenotype resembling sma mutants, suggesting cet-1, sma-2, sma-3 and sma-4 share a common pathway. Overexpression experiments demonstrated that cet-1 function requires wild-type sma genes. Interestingly, CET-1 appears to affect body length in a dose-dependent manner. Heterozygotes for cet-1 displayed body lengths ranging between null mutant and wild type, and overexpression of CET-1 in wild-type worms elongated body length close to lon mutants. In male sensory ray patterning, lack of cet-1 function results in ray fusions. Epistasis analysis revealed that mab-21 lies downstream and is negatively regulated by the cet-1/sma pathway in the male tail. Our results show that cet-1 controls diverse biological processes during C. elegans development probably through different target genes. (+info)

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (2/1944)

Presenilin mutations give rise to familial Alzheimer's disease and result in elevated production of amyloid beta peptide. Recent evidence that presenilins act in developmental signalling pathways may be the key to understanding how senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and apoptosis are all biochemically linked. (+info)

The Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination gene mog-1 encodes a member of the DEAH-Box protein family. (3/1944)

In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, the sex-determining gene fem-3 is repressed posttranscriptionally to arrest spermatogenesis and permit oogenesis. This repression requires a cis-acting regulatory element in the fem-3 3' untranslated region; the FBF protein, which binds to this element; and at least six mog genes. In this paper, we report the molecular characterization of mog-1 as well as additional phenotypic characterization of this gene. The mog-1 gene encodes a member of the DEAH-box family. Three mog-1 alleles possess premature stop codons and are likely to be null alleles, and one is a missense mutation and is likely to retain residual activity. mog-1 mRNA is expressed in both germ line and somatic tissues and appears to be ubiquitous. The MOG-1 DEAH-box protein is most closely related to proteins essential for splicing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but splicing appears to occur normally in a mog-1-null mutant. In addition to its involvement in the sperm-oocyte switch and control of fem-3, zygotic mog-1 is required for robust germ line proliferation and for normal growth during development. We suggest that mog-1 plays a broader role in RNA regulation than previously considered. (+info)

Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. (4/1944)

Use of the differential display technique to isolate progestin-regulated genes in T-47D human breast cancer cells led to identification of a novel gene, EDD. The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein. EDD mRNA was progestin-induced in T-47D cells and was highly abundant in testes and expressed at moderately high levels in other tissues, suggesting a broad role for EDD. Anti-EDD antibodies immunoprecipitated an approximately 300 kDa protein from T-47D cell lysates. HECT family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, targeting specific proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. EDD is likely to function as an E3 as in vitro translated protein bound ubiquitin reversibly through a conserved HECT domain cysteine residue. EDD was localized by FISH to chromosome 8q22, a locus disrupted in a variety of cancers. Given the homology between EDD and the hyperplastic discs protein, which is required for control of imaginal disc growth in Drosophila, EDD potentially has a role in regulation of cell proliferation or differentiation. (+info)

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene ham-2 links Hox patterning to migration of the HSN motor neuron. (5/1944)

The Caenorhabditis elegans HSN motor neurons permit genetic analysis of neuronal development at single-cell resolution. The egl-5 Hox gene, which patterns the posterior of the embryo, is required for both early (embryonic) and late (larval) development of the HSN. Here we show that ham-2 encodes a zinc finger protein that acts downstream of egl-5 to direct HSN cell migration, an early differentiation event. We also demonstrate that the EGL-43 zinc finger protein, also required for HSN migration, is expressed in the HSN specifically during its migration. In an egl-5 mutant background, the HSN still expresses EGL-43, but expression is no longer down-regulated at the end of the cell's migration. Finally, we find a new role in early HSN differentiation for UNC-86, a POU homeodomain transcription factor shown previously to act downstream of egl-5 in the regulation of late HSN differentiation. In an unc-86; ham-2 double mutant the HSNs are defective in EGL-43 down-regulation, an egl-5-like phenotype that is absent in either single mutant. Thus, in the HSN, a Hox gene, egl-5, regulates cell fate by activating the transcription of genes encoding the transcription factors HAM-2 and UNC-86 that in turn individually control some differentiation events and combinatorially affect others. (+info)

Patterning of Caenorhabditis elegans posterior structures by the Abdominal-B homolog, egl-5. (6/1944)

The Caenorhabditis elegans body axis, like that of other animals, is patterned by the action of Hox genes. In order to examine the function of one C. elegans Hox gene in depth, we determined the postembryonic expression pattern of egl-5, the C. elegans member of the Abdominal-B Hox gene paralog group, by means of whole-mount staining with a polyclonal antibody. A major site of egl-5 expression and function is in the epithelium joining the posterior digestive tract with the external epidermis. Patterning this region and its derived structures is a conserved function of Abd-B paralog group genes in other animals. Cells that initiate egl-5 expression during embryogenesis are clustered around the presumptive anus. Expression is initiated postembryonically in four additional mesodermal and ectodermal cell lineages or tissues. Once initiated in a lineage, egl-5 expression continues throughout development, suggesting that the action of egl-5 can be regarded as defining a positional cell identity. A variety of cross-regulatory interactions between egl-5 and the next more anterior Hox gene, mab-5, help define the expression domains of their respective gene products. In its expression in a localized body region, function as a marker of positional cell identity, and interactions with another Hox gene, egl-5 resembles Hox genes of other animals. This suggests that C. elegans, in spite of its small cell number and reproducible cell lineages, may not differ greatly from other animals in the way it employs Hox genes for regional specification during development. (+info)

Reverse genetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans presenilins reveals redundant but unequal roles for sel-12 and hop-1 in Notch-pathway signaling. (7/1944)

Mutations in the human presenilin genes PS1 and PS2 cause early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and in mice indicate that one function of presenilin genes is to facilitate Notch-pathway signaling. Notably, mutations in the C. elegans presenilin gene sel-12 reduce signaling through an activated version of the Notch receptor LIN-12. To investigate the function of a second C. elegans presenilin gene hop-1 and to examine possible genetic interactions between hop-1 and sel-12, we used a reverse genetic strategy to isolate deletion alleles of both loci. Animals bearing both hop-1 and sel-12 deletions displayed new phenotypes not observed in animals bearing either single deletion. These new phenotypes-germ-line proliferation defects, maternal-effect embryonic lethality, and somatic gonad defects-resemble those resulting from a reduction in signaling through the C. elegans Notch receptors GLP-1 and LIN-12. Thus SEL-12 and HOP-1 appear to function redundantly in promoting Notch-pathway signaling. Phenotypic analyses of hop-1 and sel-12 single and double mutant animals suggest that sel-12 provides more presenilin function than does hop-1. (+info)

Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen B) and E. multilocularis protoscolex (EM18). (8/1944)

Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid and E. multilocularis protoscolex extract were fractionated by a single step of preparative isoelectric focusing, resulting in an antigen B-rich fraction (8-kD) and an Em18-rich fraction, respectively. The usefulness of both fractions for differential serodiagnosis of cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis was evaluated by a large-scale immunoblot analysis on a battery of 354 serum samples. These included 66 from AE patients originating from four different endemic areas, 173 from CE patients originating from seven different endemic areas, 71 from patients with other parasitic diseases, 15 from patients with hepatomas, and 29 from healthy individuals. In an immunoblot with the antigen B-rich fraction, 92% (158 of 173) of the CE sera as well as 79% (52 of 66) of the AE sera reacted with the 8-kD subunit. No cross-reactivity occurred with any sera from patients with cysticercosis, other parasitic diseases, or with hepatomas, or from healthy controls. In an immunoblot with the Em18-rich fraction, all but two sera from AE patients (64 of 66, 97%) recognized Em18, and only nine of 34 CE sera from China reacted with it. All other (139) CE sera from six other countries were negative as were all (115) other non-echinococcosis sera. These findings indicate that antigen B (8-kD) is not species-specific for E. granulosus but is genus-specific for Echinococcus, and that the Em18 antigen is a reliable serologic marker for species-specific differentiation of AE from CE. (+info)

17 October 2017). "HpARI Protein Secreted by a Helminth Parasite Suppresses Interleukin-33". Immunity. 47 (4): 739-751. doi: ... Reynolds, Lisa A.; Filbey, Kara J.; Maizels, Rick M. (2012-10-11). "Immunity to the model intestinal helminth parasite ... "TGF-β mimic proteins form an extended gene family in the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus". International Journal for ... as it is used as a model of human helminth infection to which a spectrum of natural resistance to parasite infection exists. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heligmosomoides_polygyrus

helminth vs. fungus vs. protist). Mature Th cells express the surface protein CD4 and are referred to as CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T ... gastric fluid acidification to expel helminths. IL-5 from CD4 T cells will activate eosinophils to attack helminths. IL-10 ... The protein ZAP-70 can bind these phosphorylated ITAMs via its SH2 domain and then itself becomes phosphorylated, wherein it ... Cytokines are small protein mediators that alter the behavior of target cells that express receptors for those cytokines. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_helper_cell

Some helminth-products, like a protein of the nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, didn't have any effect. Another infectious ... In the past, helminths were thought to simply suppress T-helper Type 1 (Th1) cells while inducing T-helper Type 2 (Th2) cells. ... In the journal EMBO Reports, Rook says that such helminths "are all either things that really do us no harm, or things where ... However, helminths also regulate Th2-caused diseases, such as allergy and asthma. Rook postulates that different parasitic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_parasitic_worms_on_the_immune_system

Large parasites like helminths are too big to be engulfed and killed by phagocytosis. They also have an external structure or ... Antibodies can then bind to these viral proteins. Next, the NK cells which have reciprocal Fcγ receptors will bind to that ... During replication of a virus, some of the viral proteins are expressed on the cell surface membrane of the infected cell. ... Subsequently, interaction between FcεRI and the Fc portion of helminth-bound IgE signals the eosinophil to degranulate. Several ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

This involves the use of mass spectrometry find parasite antigens (proteins which activate an adaptive immune response) which ... Mutapi's lab at the University of Edinburgh, the Parasite Immuno-epidemiology Group, researches immune responses to helminths ... Currently there are no available vaccines for infections by helminth worms including bilharzia. Mutapi is pioneering proteomics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisca_Mutapi

The upregulation of the immune system incurs significant nutritional costs in the forms of protein and energy. Immune costs are ... Gene networks have also been correlated with specific pathogens including helminths. Studies have shown genes that are ... Lee KP, Cory JS, Wilson K, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ (April 2006). "Flexible diet choice offsets protein costs of pathogen ... The species S.littoralis caterpillar when infected with nucleopolyhedrovirus will self-select a protein-rich diet, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoimmunology

AEP is involved in presenting of foreign and self proteins using MHCII protein complex. The role of AEP in immunity is not ... Discovered in 1996 in beans, its homologues have been identified in plants, protozoa, vertebrates, and helminths. The enzyme ... AEP cleaves tau protein and amyloid precursor protein. In patients with PD, alpha synuclein is cut by AEP into toxic chunks. ... It digests SET protein, which is an inhibitor of DNase, leading to DNA damage and causing damage of the brain. Increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asparagine_endopeptidase

It is also used as a molecular technique for infection with different pathogens, such as HIV, microbes, and helminth parasites ... Acquired immunity depends upon the interaction between antigens and a group of proteins called antibodies produced by B cells ... "Protein motion and lock and key complementarity in antigen-antibody reactions". Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae. 69 (4): 225-30. ... proteins, and decompression". Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine. 20 (2): 101-119. PMID 8392414. Olopoenia, L. A.; King, A. L. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-antibody_interaction

Research on larval antigens has focused on proteins that are members of the pathogenesis-related protein superfamily, ... For example, helminth infections cause potent and highly polarized immune response characterized by increased T-helper cell ... Ancylostoma Secreted Proteins. Although they were first described in Anyclostoma, these proteins have also been successfully ... Several of these proteins that are responsible for this proteolytic cascade are also essential for the worm's nutrition and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookworm_infection

One proposed mechanism by which this may take place is that proteases secreted by the helminths cleave proteins which act as ... This model is best illustrated by RIN4 protein in A. thaliana. RIN4 forms a complex with the NB-LRR proteins RPM1 and RPS2. ... The interaction between pathogen and accessory protein results in some modification of the accessory protein, which allows for ... In short, this example elucidates how one NBS-LRR protein is able to recognize the effects of more than one virulence factor or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_theory

Wingfield PT (April 2015). "Overview of the purification of recombinant proteins". Current Protocols in Protein Science. 80 (1 ... Currently, recombinant subunit vaccines are used in development for Tuberculosis, Dengue, Soil-transmitted Helminths, Feline ... synthesised proteins were reported to be secreted into chemically defined media, potentially simplifying protein extraction and ... It contains HA proteins of four strains of influenza virus purified and extracted using the Baculovirus-insect expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_subunit_vaccine

... pollen proteins or helminth antigens. Recent studies in mice suggest that basophils may also regulate the behavior of T cells ... Basophils have protein receptors on their cell surface that bind IgE, an immunoglobulin involved in macroparasite defense and ... Voehringer D (December 2009). "The role of basophils in helminth infection". Trends in Parasitology. 25 (12): 551-6. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil

... against which helminths are not resistant. The interaction of the FcεRII receptor with the Fc portion of helminth bound IgE ... This adaptor protein is called the Fcγ subunit and, like FcγRIIA, contains the two YXXL sequences that are characteristic of an ... This receptor is called the Fc-alpha/mu receptor (Fcα/μR) and is a type I transmembrane protein. With one Ig-like domain in its ... In immunology, a Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells - including, among others, B lymphocytes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc_receptor

Another protein named DV33 can kill the sheep's roundworm Haemonchus contortus. There are also proteins that act on nervous ... It was experimented with bacteria and helminths in which it specifically destroys the cell membranes, thus, has antibiotic and ... These toxins are all proteins or derivatives of proteins, and some of them are chemically similar to insect neuropeptide, ... they found that some of them have medicinal properties such as the ability to kill pathogenic bacteria and helminth parasites. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doratifera_vulnerans

Philipp, M.; Parkhouse, R. M. E.; Ogilvie, B. M. (1980). "Changing proteins on the surface of a parasitic nematode". Nature. ... Ogilvie, B. M. (1964). "Reagin-like Antibodies in Animals Immune to Helminth Parasites". Nature. 204 (4953): 91-92. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Ogilvie

October 2001). "Antifungal proteins and other mechanisms in the control of sorghum stalk rot and grain mold". Journal of ... Maizels RM (December 2005). "Infections and allergy - helminths, hygiene and host immune regulation". Current Opinion in ... Specifically, Cts1 expression has to be activated in daughter cells during late mitosis and the protein has to localize at the ... Elias JA, Homer RJ, Hamid Q, Lee CG (September 2005). "Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in T(H)2 inflammation and asthma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitinase

... s express chemosensory proteins, like TRPM5 and α-gustducin. These proteins indicate that neighbouring neurons can ... The clearance of helminth in mice that lacked taste receptor function (Trpm5 or/-gustducin KO) or enough tuft cells (Pou2f3 KO ... Helminth colonization inducts a type-2 immune response, causes mucosal healing and achieves clinical remission. During an ... This shows that tufts cells are important in playing a protective role during the helminth infections. It was observed that IL- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuft_cell

B. prasina suffers from parasitic infections by helminths. Helminths are a frequent parasite of amphibians because of the ... Since there are differences in the concentrations of different odor proteins based on the sex of the host, it is conjectured ... whereas other helminths must be ingested as eggs in order to infect the frog. There are at least four helminth taxa that prey ... Madelaire, Carla Bonetti; Gomes, Fernando Ribeiro; Silva, Reinaldo José da (2012). "Helminth Parasites of Hypsiboas prasinus ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boana_prasina

The protein products of gene are created by translating the CDS sequences. Each unique protein sequence is given a unique ... WormBase ParaSite is a sub-portal for approximately 100 draft genomes of parasitic helminths (nematodes and platyhelminthes) ... Protein-protein interaction Interactome data; Genetic regulatory relationships; Details of intra- and inter-specific sequence ... Examples of the protein identifier names for each species in WormBase is given in the table, below. It is possible for two CDS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WormBase

The group expresses structural proteins separately from the nonstructural ones. The structural proteins are encoded at the 3' ... Host organisms include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, molluscs, and helminths. The order includes the ... These proteinases are also responsible for activating or inactivating specific proteins at the correct time in the virus life ... Many proteins have been identified on the genomes of Nidovirales, but their function has not yet been determined. Other enzymes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidovirales

WormBase ParaSite, a database for the genomics for parasitic helminths (both Nematodes and Platyhelminthes). Scientific ... a protein family database Rfam, an RNA family database TreeFam, a database of phylogenetic trees for animal genes WormBase, a ... The protein families database". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (Database issue): D222-30. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1223. PMC 3965110. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellcome_Sanger_Institute

Many helminth microfilaria and arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) are transmitted to the mosquito in their infective form ... However, heme groups ingested in a blood meal bind to proteins on the peritrophic matrix, enabling insects to safely feed on ... In addition, some smaller toxins bind with specific surface proteins present in the peritrophic matrix. This binding is ... Heme groups, which are components of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying protein present in vertebrate blood, act as strong ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritrophic_matrix

70 kDa heat shock proteins) - Hsp90 (90 kDa heat shock proteins) - heavy-chain immunoglobulin - Hela cell - helminth protein - ... protein - protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein folding - protein isoform - ... protein P16 - protein P34cdc2 - protein precursor - protein structure prediction - protein subunit - protein synthesis - ... proto-oncogene protein C-kit - proto-oncogene proteins c-abl - proto-oncogene proteins c-bcl-2 - Proto-oncogene proteins c-fos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Animals that produce RQ (e.g. C. elegans and helminth parasites) contain both COQ-2 protein isoforms (COQ-2a and COQ-2e), and ... The RquA protein uses S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the amino donor to convert UQ to RQ in an unusual Mn(II)-catalyzed reaction. ... Because this cofactor is used in low oxygen environments, many helminth-like organisms have adapted to survive host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodoquinone

These factors include protein deprivation (causing inadequate synthesis of the enzyme trypsin protease, to which the toxin is ... a number of factors-diet and endemic helminth infections among them-compound to result in pig-bel. The majority of preterm ... Protein poisoning refers to a different diet-induced phenomenon. "Clostridial Necrotizing Enteritis: Anaerobic Bacteria: Merck ... In New Guinea, where people generally have low-protein diets apart from tribal feasts, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridial_necrotizing_enteritis

... cationic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin are ribonucleases with antiviral activity. Major basic protein ... They also fight helminth (worm) colonization and may be slightly elevated in the presence of certain parasites. Eosinophils are ... These include: major basic protein (MBP) eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) eosinophil-derived ... Eosinophil cationic protein creates toxic pores in the membranes of target cells, allowing potential entry of other cytotoxic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil

Frequent exposure to helminth infections, which are endemic in Africa, activates individual immune systems, thereby shifting ... Entry inhibitors bind to the CCR5 protein to block HIV from binding to the CD4 cell.[citation needed] Coinfections or ... 2004). "The glutamine-rich region of HIV-1 Tat protein involved in T cell apoptosis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (46 ... Baeuerle, P.A. (1991). "The inducible transcription activator NF-kappa B: regulation by distinct protein subunits". Biochimica ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV_disease_progression_rates

... helminth infections Malaria Trachoma Schistosomiasis Lymphatic filariasis Onchocerciasis Dengue Japanese encephalitis Protein- ... WHO (2014) Soil-transmitted helminth infections, Fact sheet N°366 Soil-transmitted helminth infections. Fact sheet N°366 ( ... Approximately two billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths worldwide. This type of intestinal worm infection ... helminth infections and insect vector diseases (see also waterborne diseases, which can contaminate drinking water). Conditions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASH

The protease is activated by removal of an inhibitory segment or protein. Activation occurs once the protease is delivered to a ... the development of resistance is thought to be unlikely because it would require a complete change of structure of the helminth ... Each superfamily uses the catalytic triad or dyad in a different protein fold and so represent convergent evolution of the ... In plants they are important in growth and development and in accumulation and mobilization of storage proteins such as in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cysteine_protease

In a more recent study, led by Nicole Maloney Belle, the Herbert lab pursued the importance of Trefoil factor proteins in the ... In 2021, he presented a review on the major inventions in the immunology of helminth infection made over the last decade, ... Herbert has worked on the study of parasitic helminths (worms). He has made contributions to the understanding of how the ... Moreover, his studies tend to cover the status of human challenge trials with helminths as treatment for autoimmune diseases. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De'Broski_R._Herbert

The fusion proteins were a way to spread the infection to other cells by simply merging them with the infected one (HIV does ... parasites including helminths and toxins.[2] Like cytotoxic T cells, most of the CD4+ helper cells die on resolution of ... Last one is piRNA where small RNA binds to the Piwi protein family and controls transposones and other mobile elements.[21] ... One of the pathways is siRNA in which long double stranded RNA is cut into pieces that serve as templates for protein complex ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system

... and their realization that this protein is the same as the Bence-Jones protein described in 1845 by Henry Bence Jones.[73] ... helminths, allergens). ... Protein structureEdit. The N-terminus of each chain is situated ... and database search methods that use existing protein sequence databases.[119][120] Many versions of shotgun protein sequencing ... An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig),[1] is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

These include helminths like hookworms, roundworms, and flukes and protozoa like giardia, amoebas and Leishmania. They can ... It damages the intestines, bladder, and other organs and can lead to anemia and protein-energy deficiency. Along with malaria, ... HIV infection can affect the production of hormones that interfere with the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In ... Woodward B (January 1998). "Protein, calories, and immune defenses". Nutr. Rev. 56 (1 Pt 2): S84-92. doi:10.1111/j.1753- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty

Capitalizing on the World Wide Web, WormBook links in-text references (e.g. genes, alleles, proteins, literature citations) ... expanding to enable helminth genomic research". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D774-D780. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1217. PMC ... Bioinformatics, Biology books, Cell biology, Caenorhabditis elegans, Proteins, Animal developmental biology). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WormBook

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) - also known as interleukin-17E (IL-17E) - is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL25 gene on ... it acts to protect against several bowel infections caused by helminths. This role of IL-25 has been demonstrated in these ... Protein Science. 13 (10): 2819-24. doi:10.1110/ps.04682504. PMC 2286551. PMID 15340161. Létuvé S, Lajoie-Kadoch S, Audusseau S ... and IL-13 at the onset of helminth expulsion". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 203 (4): 1105-16. doi:10.1084/jem.20051615 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_25

... peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) and the LRR, XA21D are all secreted proteins. One very important collectin is mannan ... similarly fucose presents the same for certain bacteria and helminths; and glucans are present on mycobacteria and fungi. In ... Interaction with other proteins (e.g. the adaptor molecule ASC) is mediated via N-terminal pyrin (PYD) domain. There are 14 ... This family of proteins is greatly expanded in plants, and constitutes a core component of plant immune systems. Three RLR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

Determination of parasitic protein structures may help to better understand how these proteins function differently from ... helminths) such as Schistosoma spp., Wuchereria bancrofti, Necator americanus (hookworm) and Taenia spp. (tapeworm) ... In addition, protein structures may inform the process of drug discovery. Parasites exhibit an aggregated distribution among ... This is the study of structures of proteins from parasites. ... discovered the only known helminth that, without treatment, is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitology

Fresh and saltwater fish are the main source of protein for about one billion people and comprise 15% of an additional 3.5 ... protozoans and helminths) are expected to be removed to some extent in a constructed wetland. Subsurface wetlands provide ... billion people's protein intake. Another food staple found in wetland systems is rice, a popular grain that is consumed at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland

The harmful proteins are those that do not break down due to the strong bonds of the protein. IgE antibodies bind to a receptor ... such as helminths, could protect against allergy. Therefore, reduced exposure to these organisms, particularly in developed ... Are the transferred proteins resistant to digestion - a trait shared by many allergenic proteins? Genes approved for animal use ... Many food allergies are caused by hypersensitivities to particular proteins in different foods. Proteins have unique properties ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_allergy

One study from rural Bangladesh determined 41 helminth eggs per g of fecal sludge from pit latrines. The characteristics of ... protein, animal fodder, and water for irrigation. Some of the by-products from fecal sludge treatment processes have the ... sludge and plants or protein production as animal fodder. Fecal sludge management refers to the storage, collection, transport ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_sludge_management

Protein requirements for giant snail (Achatina fulica) during the growth phase". Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 21(3): 683- ... First finding in Venezuela of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and other helminths of interest in public health found in faeces and ... They require about 20% of crude protein in their diet for optimal growth. This species is a simultaneous hermaphrodite; each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissachatina_fulica

... is a species of hookworm (a type of helminth) commonly known as the New World hookworm. Like other hookworms ... Blood loss from sites of intestinal attachment may cause iron-deficiency anemia and protein loss. One individual N. americanus ... Bethony J, Brooker S, Albonico M, Geiger SM, Loukas A, Diemert D, Hotez PJ (May 2006). "Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ... It comprises 244 Mbp with 19,151 predicted protein-coding genes; these include genes whose products mediate the hookworm's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necator_americanus

As with other genetic sequences, the majority of genes that produce proteins began with the ATG start codon. Exceptions to this ... has been shown to be a parasitic host for certain nematodes or helminths. Angiostoma aspersae have been found in certain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luschan's_salamander

... groel protein MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.100 - fusion proteins, bcr-abl MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.320 - fusion proteins, gag-onc ... helminth MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.191 - antibodies, heterophile MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.224 - antibodies, monoclonal ... oncogene protein v-maf MeSH D12.776.964.700.750.875 - oncogene proteins v-abl MeSH D12.776.964.700.750.882 - oncogene proteins ... fusion proteins, gag-pol MeSH D12.776.964.775.350.400 - hiv core protein p24 MeSH D12.776.964.775.375.325 - fusion proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

... and its related drugs act by interfering with the nerve and muscle functions of helminths and insects. The drug ... the MDR1 gene mutation affects the function of this protein). Crossing may still become significant if ivermectin is given at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin

... (IL-13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 was first cloned in 1993 and is located ... For example, expulsion from the gut of a variety of mouse helminths requires IL-13 secreted by Th2 cells. IL-13 induces several ... The JAK Janus kinase proteins on the cytoplasmic end of the receptors allows for the phosphorylation of STAT6, which then forms ... IL-13 induces a class of protein-degrading enzymes, known as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in the airways. These enzymes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_13

BSFL in a compost system typically reduce the volume of compost by around 50%. Aside from the protein production, fly larvae ... "TABLE 05: Common Helminths of Poultry". The Merck Veterinary Manual / Poultry / Helminthiasis. Retrieved April 20, 2008. Devic ... Additionally, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are an alternative source of protein for aquaculture, animal feed, pet food and ... "Farm 432: The handy kitchen appliance that breeds fly larva for protein". New Atlas. 2013-07-30. Retrieved 2019-10-08. Andrews ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermetia_illucens

High levels of IgG1 and IgG2b, but no IgG2a, specific to mostly protein epitopes of cercarial homogenate are detectable as long ... February 2022). "Mechanisms of the host immune response and helminth-induced pathology during Trichobilharzia regenti ( ... confirmed its ability to cleave skin proteins (collagen, keratin and elastin). After penetration the skin, cercariae transform ... localised in intestines of migrating schistosomula is capable of myelin basic protein degradation, thus probably serving for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichobilharzia_regenti

"UW Institute for Protein Design 2017 Report" (PDF). University of Washington. Retrieved 1 March 2022. "2020 Michelson Prizes ... Gary Michelson funding the developement [sic] of a soil-transmitted helminth vaccine discovery program - Jewish Business News ... Its initiatives include the USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience and the Institute for Protein Design at the ... Gary Michelson funding the developement [sic] of a soil-transmitted helminth vaccine discovery program". Retrieved 2022-01-27. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_K._Michelson

"Helminth Infections: Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections and Schistosomiasis", Disease Control Priorities in Developing ... For example, immunoassay A may detect the presence of a surface protein from a virus particle. Immunoassay B on the other hand ... The antigen, usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent, is bound by the antibody. This binding then sets ... The ability of the viral protein hemagglutinin to bind red blood cells together into a detectable matrix may also be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Dietary energy and protein, which would otherwise be used for growth, must be used to replace these proteins. Weight loss is ... Diagnosis of helminth infections in cattle : World Buiatrics Congress. Areskog, M., Ljungström, B., and Höglund, J. 2013. ... Movement of serum proteins, particularly albumin from the circulating blood into the abomasal lumen due to compromised ... Vaccination of calves against Cooperia oncophora with a double-domain activation-associated secreted protein reduces parasite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostertagia_ostertagi

Helminth Proteins * Subject Areas on Research. * A regulatory cascade of three homeobox genes, ceh-10, ttx-3 and ceh-23, ... Tetracycline treatment targeting Wolbachia affects expression of an array of proteins in Brugia malayi parasite. ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/meshD015801

Data herein reported and discussed refer to vaccination with the recombinant Fatty Acid Binding protein family member of the ... Data herein reported and discussed refer to vaccination with the recombinant fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family member of ... A Schistosoma mansoni fatty acid-binding protein, Sm14, is the potential basis of a dual-purpose anti-helminth vaccine. Proc ... Assessment of Schistosoma mansoni induced intestina inflation by means of eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil protein X and ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00218/full

The schistosome tegument plays a crucial role in host-parasite interactions and there are several tegument proteins that proved ... Antigens, Helminth / immunology * Antigens, Helminth / metabolism* * Helminth Proteins / immunology * Helminth Proteins / ... japonicum-infected patients and normal subjects using protein arrays. Here, thirty highly immunoreactive tegument proteins and ... Results showed that the full-length tegument proteins were high-throughput cloned and expressed and screened with sera from S. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24448400/

Hookworm infection can lead to anemia due to blood loss and chronic protein deficiency. Whipworm infection can cause chronic ... Helminths, Soil-Transmitted. Christine Dubray, Sharon Roy. INFECTIOUS AGENTS. Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma ... A large part of the worlds population is infected with 1 or more of these helminths, and the prevalence is highest in tropical ... Soil-transmitted helminths (geohelminths). In: Cook GC, Zumla A, editors. Mansons Tropical Diseases. 22nd ed. London: Saunders ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2020/travel-related-infectious-diseases/helminths-soil-transmitted

Mice harboured increased parasite numbers in the absence of a bacterial microbiota, despite mounting a robust helminth-induced ... These data provide evidence that a complex bacterial microbiota provides the host with resistance against intestinal helminths ... We infected germ-free, antibiotic-treated and specific pathogen-free mice, with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides ... we determined whether the bacterial microbiota impacted on host resistance against intestinal helminth infection. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41385-022-00498-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2a25f45b-b0d9-4647-94b6-04e2ba4760ca

WormBase 2016: expanding to enable helminth genomic research.. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44: D774-D780. View in Article *Scopus ... some distinct protein pools do show specific tendencies in protein turnover with age, such as the proteasomal proteins which ... Increased protein stability and decreased protein turnover in the Caenorhabditis elegans Ins/IGF-1 daf-2 mutant.. J. Gerontol. ... Because of increased protein dwell times with age, it is likely that proteins have ample time to undergo oxidation, aggregation ...

https://www.mcponline.org/article/S1535-9476

Jan Dvořák, PhD: "Helminth proteases in host - parasite interactions". Tuesday, June 27, 2017, 12:00, Hygiene Institute, ... Adam Norek, PhD: "Variability analysis of Lyme disease OspC protein". Friday, June 2, 2017, 02.00 pm, Hygiene Institute, ... Vaclav Hořejší, PhD: "Transmembrane protein CD361 (EVI2B) - a new functional player in hematopoietic stem- and progenitor ...

https://www.meduniwien.ac.at/hp/en/cepii/news/news-daten/events/single-view/?tx_ttnews%5Bpointer%5D=4&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4156&cHash=c03a257dab1addbfd7bbab5d163edf68

Education and information about Soil-Transmitted Helminths including Human Hookworm, Roundworm and Whipworm. ... Heavy infections can cause a range of health problems, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood and protein loss, rectal ... Soil-transmitted helminths live in the intestine and their eggs are passed in the feces of infected persons. If an infected ... Soil-transmitted helminth infection is found mainly in areas with warm and moist climates where sanitation and hygiene are poor ...

https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sth/index.html

Helminth Proteins. dc.subject. DNA, Helminth. dc.subject. Immunoblotting. dc.subject. In Situ Hybridization. ... The encoded proteins are secreted into the host roots where they are detectable by immunochemistry in the apoplasm, between the ... Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs that modify host root tissues, using a suite of effector proteins to ...

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279787?show=full

to the IgE -, eosinophils release major basic protein, which kills the helminith". Prep4USMLE.com Advertisement. Register To ... Helminth in tissue is coated by IgE antibodies -, eosinophil lgE receptors attach ... Please explain , why if anybody knows, how helminth infectipn can be in type I hypersensitivity reaction and also in type II ... Prep4USMLE » USMLE Step 1 Forum » Pathology Forum » Comments on (helminth)I & II hypersensitivity ...

https://www.prep4usmle.com/forum/thread/100609/

An Overview of Spirocercosis-Induced Sarcomas and Revision of Helminth-Induced Carcinomas. February 4, 2021. February 4, 2021. ... proteins definition recombinant proteins examples recombinant proteins ppt recombinant proteins production recombinant proteins ... proteins definition recombinant proteins examples recombinant proteins ppt recombinant proteins production recombinant proteins ... The outline of the protein composition of the excretory and secretory merchandise (Sl-ESP) of S. lupi has make clear its doable ...

https://www.procognia.com/tag/recombinant-proteins-sds-page-gel/

Helminths affects the well-being of animals as well including livestock and reduce the animal populations. However, the current ... The published genomic sequence of nematode Caenorrhabdtis elegans as well the primary sequence of the FLP18R1 G-Protein Coupled ... Unfortunately, not too much information is available detailing the physiology of helminths. ...

https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/20968

Proteins found in any species of helminth. Preferred term. Helminth Proteins Entry term(s). Helminth Protein Protein, Helminth ... Helminth Proteins - Preferred Concept UI. M0024202. Scope note. ... Helminth Protein. Protein, Helminth. Proteins, Helminth. Tree ... Proteins found in any species of helminth.. Annotation:. /drug eff /ultrastruct permitted; /physiol permitted for function ... within the helminth; coord IM with specific protein (IM) + specific helminth (IM). ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=24707

Protein Phosphatase type 1 is a key enzyme playing diverse and essential roles in cell survival. Its dephosphorylation activity ... Taken together, our data suggest that the PfI2 protein could play a role in the regulation of the P. falciparum cell cycle ... is governed by the interaction of its catalytic subunit (PP1c) with regulatory proteins. Among these, inhibitor-2 (I2) is one ... Conservation of epidermal growth factor receptor function in the human parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. J Biol Chem. ...

https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-11-80

Altogether, this new model system reveals that helminth-specific CD4+ T cells can adopt effector as well as immunosuppressive ... was generated that expresses the immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope 2W1S as a fusion protein with green fluorescent protein ( ... This report establishes a new resource for studying the nature and function of helminth-specific T cells. ... but issues of T cell antigen specificity in the context of helminth-induced Th2 and T regulatory cell (Treg) responses have not ...

https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/4786/

... by a helminth infection [7,8]. Other pathogenesis hypotheses include the protein deficiency induced by a cassava-based diet or ... cationic protein and Major Basic Protein). These proteins, produced in substantial quantity, have a toxic effect on the ... The identification, in cardiac biopsies, of degranulated eosinophils, Major Basic Protein, and cationic protein lends support ... J. J. Andy, P. O. Ogunowo, N. A. Akpan, C. O. Odigwe, I. A. Ekanem and R. A. Esin, "Helminth Associated Hypereosinophilia and ...

https://file.scirp.org/Html/1-1960096_39891.htm

... as macrophage-secreted proteins that regulate the balance between immunity and inflammation to helminth pathogens. For this ... We investigate macrophages, a critical innate cell-type that plays a role in immunity to helminths. Dependent on the activation ... 1) Investigate how do macrophages contribute to mucosal immunity and inflammation to helminths.. (2) Elucidate the functional ... My lab investigates the immune mechanisms underlying lung and intestinal helminth infection. ...

https://www.msl.ubc.ca/event/department-of-microbiology-and-immunology-dr-meena-g-nair/

Helminth Proteins --analysis. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Isoelectric Point. en_US. ... The protein extracts from male (MS) and female (FS) adults and advanced third-stage larvae (LS) of Gnathostoma spinigerum were ... In addition, the stage-specific protein patterns were identified. This 2-DE database should provide an important reference for ... Wongkham C, Maleewong W, Ieamviteevanich K, Intapan PM, Morakote N. Gnathostoma spinigerum: analysis of protein patterns by two ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/33563?mode=full

Helminth protein (substance). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Helminth protein (substance). Concept Status. Published. ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=711322006

Abbas, A., Abdukahil, S. A., Abdulkadir, N. N., Abe, R., Abel, L., Absil, L., Acharya, S., Acker, A., Adachi, S., Adam, E., Adrião, D., Ageel, S. A., Ahmed, S., Ain, Q., Ainscough, K., Aisa, T., Ait Hssain, A., Ait Tamlihat, Y., Akimoto, T., Akmal, E., & 1,675 othersAl Qasim, E., Alalqam, R., Alam, T., Al-dabbous, T., Alegesan, S., Alegre, C., Alessi, M., Alex, B., Alexandre, K., Al-Fares, A., Alfoudri, H., Ali, I., Ali Shah, N., Alidjnou, K. E., Aliudin, J., Alkhafajee, Q., Allavena, C., Allou, N., Altaf, A., Alves, J., Alves, J. M., Alves, R., Amaral, M., Amira, N., Ammerlaan, H., Ampaw, P., Andini, R., Andrejak, C., Angheben, A., Angoulvant, F., Ansart, S., Anthonidass, S., Antonelli, M., Antunes de Brito, C. A., Anwar, K. R., Apriyana, A., Arabi, Y., Aragao, I., Arali, R., Arancibia, F., Araujo, C., Arcadipane, A., Archambault, P., Arenz, L., Arlet, J. B., Arnold-Day, C., Aroca, A., Arora, L., Arora, R., Artaud-Macari, E., Aryal, D., Asaki, M., Asensio, A., Ashley, E., Ashraf, M., Ashraf, ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/organisations/pulmonary-critical-care-medicine/publications/?page=35&ordering=title&descending=false

Serum Protein and Enzyme Analysis. Collection of 5 mL blood for biochemical analysis was carried out from the jugular vein and ... 23. Hansen J, Perry B. The Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Control of Helminth Parasites of Ruminants, a Handbook. Nairobi: ... Greater total serum protein and albumin loss were observed in T. colubriformis infected goats than sheep. This is probably due ... In goats, the total serum protein was significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the infected group than the non-infected control group. ...

https://www.dovepress.com/a-comparative-study-on-pathological-changes-in-the-small-intestine-of--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-VMRR

Surfactant Protein-D Is Essential for Immunity to Helminth Infection * PLOS Pathogens ... Nanoparticles in the lung and their protein corona: the few proteins that count * Nanotoxicology ... Evidence against Stable Protein S-Nitrosylation as a Widespread Mechanism of Post-translational Regulation * Molecular Cell ... Surfactant protein A (SP-A) inhibits agglomeration and macrophage uptake of toxic amine modified nanoparticles * Nanotoxicology ...

http://www.harrywhitwell.com/pages/publication.html

October 2001). "Antifungal proteins and other mechanisms in the control of sorghum stalk rot and grain mold". Journal of ... Maizels RM (December 2005). "Infections and allergy - helminths, hygiene and host immune regulation". Current Opinion in ... Specifically, Cts1 expression has to be activated in daughter cells during late mitosis and the protein has to localize at the ... Muthukrishnan S, Liang GH, Trick HN, Gill BS (2001). "Pathogenesis-related proteins and their genes in cereals". Plant Cell, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitinase

An inverse relationship is recognized between helminth infections and atopic dermatitis but no other pathogens. [4] In addition ... and skin barrier proteins such as filaggrin are expressed at significantly lower levels in the skin of patients with atopic ... of atopic dermatitis in patients with loss-of-function mutations in the gene that encodes the epidermal structural protein ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/911574-37054/what-causes-pediatric-atopic-dermatitis-ad

Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect one in five people in the world causing numerous health problems, including abdominal ... pain, diarrhea, blood and protein loss and both physical and cognitive growth retardation. According to WHO, over 260 million ... Head of the Helminth Drug Development unit at Swiss TPH and last author of the publication. ...

https://www.myscience.ch/news/2021/promising_drug_combination_treatment_against_parasitic_worm_infections-2021-swisstph

For recombinant protein expression, the CE3 gene sequence was inserted into the plasmid vector pRset and the resulting product ... An IgG-ELISA based on the CE3 recombinant protein was evaluated by using sera from healthy individuals, from patients with ... This clone was selected for use in the construction of a recombinant P. heterotremus protein because of its similarity to ... Screening resulted in the identification of an immunoreactive protein encoded by clone CE3, which contained an inserted ...

https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-018-2878-5

... however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. The question of whether helminth infections play a ... This study was designed to assess how intestinal helminth infections can influence the immune response and atopic and allergic ... A randomized placebo-controlled anthelmintic treatment trial to elucidate the impact of helminth infections on the prevalence ... The study will provide information on the influence of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on immune response, atopy ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-11-83

BACKGROUND: SCP/TAPS proteins of parasitic helminths have been proposed to play key roles in fundamental biological processes ... Current literature suggests that proteins of the SCP (Sperm-Coating Protein)/TAPS (Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7) (SCP/TAPS) superfamily ... Methods Here, we employed a bioinformatics workflow to curate the SCP/TAPS protein gene family in L. cuprina. Protein sequence ... whereas SCP/Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7 proteins ( = SCP/TAPS or Ancylostoma-secreted proteins) were predominant in the latter. In N. ...

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/collections/557bff5c-4b4a-528a-8d5c-2c40419e64a8?spc.page=1&view=listElement&spc.sf=dc.date.available&spc.sd=DESC&f.author=Gasser,%20Robin,equals&f.author=Young,%20Neil,equals&f.author=Hall,%20Ross,equals&f.itemtype=Journal%20Article,equals

Diego Miranda-Saavedra and Geoffrey J. Barton, Classification and functional annotation of eukaryotic protein kinases. Proteins ... Hmmpfam is used with default settings to map the user provided gene protein sequences against the Kinomer models. ...

https://protocolexchange.researchsquare.com/article/nprot-6715/v1

Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. (cdc.gov)
Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. (cdc.gov)
People with light soil-transmitted helminth infections usually have no symptoms. (cdc.gov)
Heavy infections can cause a range of health problems, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood and protein loss, rectal prolapse, and physical and cognitive growth retardation. (cdc.gov)
Soil-transmitted helminth infections are treatable with medication prescribed by your health care provider. (cdc.gov)
An inverse relationship is recognized between helminth infections and atopic dermatitis but no other pathogens. (medscape.com)
An IgG-ELISA based on the CE3 recombinant protein was evaluated by using sera from healthy individuals, from patients with paragonimiasis and other parasitic infections. (biomedcentral.com)
The prevalence of asthma and atopic disease has been reported to be low in low income countries, however helminth infections are likely to be high among these communities. (biomedcentral.com)
The question of whether helminth infections play a role in allergic diseases can best be addressed by intervention studies. (biomedcentral.com)
This study was designed to assess how intestinal helminth infections can influence the immune response and atopic and allergic disorders in children in Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
A randomized placebo-controlled anthelmintic treatment trial to elucidate the impact of helminth infections on the prevalence of skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and symptoms of allergic diseases will be performed. (biomedcentral.com)
The study will provide information on the influence of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on immune response, atopy and allergic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
The immune responses mounted to helminth infections is characterized by T-helper type 2 (Th2), which are thought to be protective [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in contrast to helminth infections the Th2 associated allergic diseases, which are the most common cause of chronic disease of childhood in high income countries, appear to be less common in low income countries [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunoepidemiology of intestinal helminth infections: 3. (idoutazok.ro)
Expertise/knowledge in co-culture techniques to study immunological mechanisms of parasite/helminth infections with translation to in vivo models would be a plus. (lgbtqinjobs.com)
This concept highlighted the possible role of other alternative mechanisms through which helminth infections can regulate the host immune response, for example, induction of Treg, regulatory B cells (Breg), alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) and modulation of dendritic cells (DCs). (medscape.com)

Hookworm infection can lead to anemia due to blood loss and chronic protein deficiency. (cdc.gov)
As adult worms inhabit the intestine alongside bacterial communities, we determined whether the bacterial microbiota impacted on host resistance against intestinal helminth infection. (nature.com)
Helminth infection can also alter host susceptibility to pathogen infection and a recent report demonstrates that the presence of an intestinal helminth at the time of Salmonella infection aids the establishment of Salmonella within the small intestinal lumen 17 . (nature.com)
Soil-transmitted helminth infection is found mainly in areas with warm and moist climates where sanitation and hygiene are poor, including in temperate zones during warmer months. (cdc.gov)
My lab investigates the immune mechanisms underlying lung and intestinal helminth infection. (ubc.ca)
For this research, we have established clinical collaborations, developed preclinical models of helminth infection and sepsis, and generated macrophage and RELM reporter mice. (ubc.ca)
We developed a regenerative immunotherapy from the helminth Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA) to stimulate production of interleukin (IL)-4 and other type 2-associated cytokines without negative infection-related sequelae. (bvsalud.org)
IEC SOCS3 protein was increased in susceptible mice at 15 and 21 days post-infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
Conclusion: During the early stages of helminth infection SOCS3 may be blocking proliferation as suggested by data from susceptible mice and preliminary knockout experiments. (lancs.ac.uk)
In the course of a helminth infection, the parasite interacts with its host by releasing excretory/secretory products, representing the major host-parasite interface. (uzh.ch)
Helminth EVs and EV proteins are also of interest as candidates for novel anthelmintic vaccines, and we have begun to evaluate their protective capacity against hookworm challenge infection. (uzh.ch)
Infection causes severe diarrhea and protein loss resulting in dehydration, cachexia, and eventually death. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are special proteins that are created by WBCs to kill or neutralize infection-causing microbes. (kaberaglobal.com)
Many epidemiological data support the postulate that infection with helminths might provide some protection against allergic and autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)
These findings suggest that modulation of immune responses by helminth infection may not be restricted to skewing the immune response to a type 2 response. (medscape.com)
Uklanjanje Mladeža, Bradavica i Papiloma helminth infection classification Secreţii la nivelul penisului endometrial cancer ke lakshan reprezintă o pierdere anormală de lichid la vârful penisului care nu este urină sau sperma din uretră. (ovixinstal.ro)

Current literature suggests that proteins of the SCP (Sperm-Coating Protein)/TAPS (Tpx-1/Ag5/PR-1/Sc7) (SCP/TAPS) superfamily play key roles in immune modulation, cross-talk between parasite and host as well as developmental and reproductive processes in parasites. (edu.au)
Enantioselective binding of albendazole sulphoxide to cytosolic proteins from helminth parasites. (sajidafoundation.org)
Helminth parasites (parasitic worms) have evolved a vast array of strategies to manipulate their vertebrate hosts. (uzh.ch)

Parasitology - Papular eruption in helminth infestation: a hypersensitivity phenomenon? (idoutazok.ro)

To accelerate digging new potential target antigens, it is essential to extensively and intensively search immunogenic proteins in a high-throughput manner using proteomics-microarray techniques. (nih.gov)
Here, thirty highly immunoreactive tegument proteins and 10 antigens with an AUC value greater than 0.90 were identified at first time. (nih.gov)
Molecular techniques have been applied as a tool for producing recombinant protein antigens to replace the native antigens produced by other parasitic worm species from animal hosts in similar tests [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Along with antibodies, there are also many cells, chemicals, and proteins involved in destroying these antigens. (kaberaglobal.com)

You can tell a lot about a protein from the sequence of its amino acids. (blogspot.com)
Basic amino acids (arginine and lysine) arranged in groups, for example, usually mean (if it is an extracellular protein) that a protein binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. (blogspot.com)
Since heparin is heavily sulfated and the sulfates are negatively charged, at first I just color-coded the positively-charged , basic amino acids (blue) to look for oppositely charged heparin-binding sites on the surface of the proteins. (blogspot.com)
The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during protein folding, and the function of the protein. (lecturio.com)

Data herein reported and discussed refer to vaccination with the recombinant fatty acid binding protein (FABP) family member of the schistosomes, called Sm14. (frontiersin.org)
The protein derived from the cloned gene exhibited significant homologies with a family of related polypeptides, which bind hydrophobic ligands, and purified recombinant protein exhibited an affinity to fatty acids. (frontiersin.org)
This clone was selected for use in the construction of a recombinant P. heterotremus protein because of its similarity to proactivator polypeptide. (biomedcentral.com)
For recombinant protein expression, the CE3 gene sequence was inserted into the plasmid vector pRset and the resulting product had the expected molecular weight of 35 kDa. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins in the purified fractions were reactive with anti-sera prepared against the recombinant enzymes which had been expressed in, and purified from extracts of Escherichia coli. (dcu.ie)
C. reinhardtii robustly expressed TGM1, and the resultant recombinant protein is biologically active as measured by regulatory T cell induction. (gla.ac.uk)
This study was aimed to analyze the immunogenicity of the gluthathione S-transferase (GST)-RpfB recombinant protein on mice splenocytes in vitro . (ui.ac.id)
Each group of splenocytes was treated with 25 μg// ml of the recombinant protein (GST-RpfB), GST, and phytohemagglutinin. (ui.ac.id)
RESULTS GST-RpfB recombinant proteins were expressed in the form of inclusion bodies with a molecular weight of approximately 66 kDa. (ui.ac.id)

In particularly, STIP1, the highest immunoreactive tegument protein has been shown good antigenicity and immunogenicity, and thus makes it to be a potential target for designing anti-parasite drug or vaccine. (nih.gov)
The schistosome tegument plays a crucial role in host-parasite interactions and there are several tegument proteins that proved to be potential vaccine candidates. (nih.gov)
Mice harboured increased parasite numbers in the absence of a bacterial microbiota, despite mounting a robust helminth-induced type 2 immune response. (nature.com)
We predicted that select protein groups are involved in signal transduction, cell growth and death, the immune system, environmental adaptation and/or the excretory/secretory system, suggesting roles in immune responses, pathogen defence and/or parasite-host interactions. (edu.au)
Recent advances in -omic technologies and bioinformatic data analyses have led to a greater understanding of blowfly biology and should allow the identification of protein families involved in host-parasite interactions and disease. (edu.au)
TGM1 is a TGF-β mimic that was discovered from the intestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus and is thought to be produced by the parasite to suppress the intestinal inflammation response to help evade host immunity, making it an ideal candidate to be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory bio-therapeutic. (gla.ac.uk)
The Zoetis Global Therapeutics Research group is seeking an innovative and highly motivated Post -Doctoral immunologist (with a focus on parasite/helminth immunology) to contribute towards discovery and development of novel therapies. (lgbtqinjobs.com)
Suitable candidate will have a Ph.D. (or expected to receive a Ph.D. in the next few months) in immunology, preferably in parasite/helminth immunology. (lgbtqinjobs.com)
The applicant is expected to have experience and knowledge of the host innate and adaptive immunity, especially as it relates to parasite/helminth diseases. (lgbtqinjobs.com)
In-depth knowledge of immunology and related techniques (cellular & molecular), with emphasis on parasite/helminth diseases. (lgbtqinjobs.com)
Experience/knowledge in identification of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms of infectious diseases, with a special emphasis on parasite/helminth diseases. (lgbtqinjobs.com)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all helminth species investigated thus far, and their salient roles in parasite-host interactions are being revealed. (uzh.ch)
While studies on parasite-host interactions have traditionally focused on soluble proteins, we focus herein on the characterization of secreted EVs. (uzh.ch)
Helminths manipulate the host's immune system towards an immunoregulatory phenotype, which can have beneficial effects for both the parasite and the host. (uzh.ch)
Helminths can infect humans for many years and in order to maintain their life cycles, helminths have to modulate the host immune response so that it tolerates the parasite via selective suppression or downregulation of the immune system and initiation of a regulatory environment. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] Th2 responses to helminths are generally beneficial for the host by repairing or preventing tissue damage caused by the parasite, provided that this response is well controlled. (medscape.com)

The development of sulfonamides and penicillin in the period preceding World War II was followed by a remarkable period of progress in the discovery of antimicrobial agents efficient against micro organism, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and helminths. (chooseaustinfirst.com)

Treatments that have demonstrated efficacy in this model include P13Kγ inhibitors, helminth soluble proteins, and activation of the aryl hydrocarbon. (kiaszabo.hu)

We previously identified the Resistin-Like Molecules (RELM) - murine RELMa and human resistin - as macrophage-secreted proteins that regulate the balance between immunity and inflammation to helminth pathogens. (ubc.ca)
1) Investigate how do macrophages contribute to mucosal immunity and inflammation to helminths. (ubc.ca)
Increasing trends were observed for malondialdehyde (oxidative stress), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (inflammation marker), and VEGF. (bvsalud.org)

From this transcriptome, we predicted 12,998 proteins, 58% of which had orthologs in Biomphalaria glabrata - an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni - a blood fluke that causes hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis. (edu.au)
The cysteine proteinases, cathepsins LI (SmCLl) and L2 (SmCL2) from the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni were functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (dcu.ie)

Monitoring helminth control programmes : guidelines simptomele și tratamentul viermilor adulți monitoring the impact of control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity caused by soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomes, with particular reference to school-age children. (idoutazok.ro)

Helminths are distinct from microbial pathogens in terms of size and complexity, and are likely the evolutionary driving force for type 2 immunity. (upenn.edu)

Increasing evidence indicates that helminths alter the complex bacterial communities present within the intestine 14 , and that helminth-bacterial interactions result in alterations to the host immune responsiveness and can provide protection against inflammatory disorders 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
The outline of the protein composition of the excretory and secretory merchandise (Sl-ESP) of S. lupi has make clear its doable interactions with the host atmosphere, together with. (procognia.com)

Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs that modify host root tissues, using a suite of effector proteins to create and maintain a feeding site that is their sole source of nutrition. (cam.ac.uk)
Altogether, this new model system reveals that helminth-specific CD4+ T cells can adopt effector as well as immunosuppressive and wound reparative phenotypes. (upenn.edu)

Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Necator americanus (hookworm), and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) are helminths (parasitic worms) that infect the intestine and are transmitted via contaminated soil. (cdc.gov)
Plasma proteins in children with trichuris dysentery syndrome. (idoutazok.ro)

Hookworm, Ascaris , and whipworm are known as soil-transmitted helminths (parasitic worms). (cdc.gov)

We investigate macrophages, a critical innate cell-type that plays a role in immunity to helminths. (ubc.ca)

Experience in systems biology, vaccinology, and mode of actions of vaccines and immunomodulatory and/or immunostimulatory molecules or proteins, with an interest in the translational aspects of these research disciplines will be an advantage. (lgbtqinjobs.com)

We infected germ-free, antibiotic-treated and specific pathogen-free mice, with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri . (nature.com)

Your skin cells generate and release essential immune cells and antimicrobial proteins that can be located in different layers of your skin. (kaberaglobal.com)

Soil-transmitted helminths live in the intestine and their eggs are passed in the feces of infected persons. (cdc.gov)

These data provide evidence that a complex bacterial microbiota provides the host with resistance against intestinal helminths via its ability to regulate intestinal motility. (nature.com)

These internalized proteins are then fused with lysosomes and the proteins are at least partially degraded by proteases. (blogspot.com)

Diego Miranda-Saavedra and Geoffrey J. Barton, Classification and functional annotation of eukaryotic protein kinases. (researchsquare.com)

8. Anti bodies - Protein substances produced on challenge by an antigen. (who.int)
CD4+ helper T cells can both coordinate worm clearance and prevent immunopathology, but issues of T cell antigen specificity in the context of helminth-induced Th2 and T regulatory cell (Treg) responses have not been addressed. (upenn.edu)
Results A total of 27 genes were identified as belonging to the SCP/TAPS gene family: encoding 26 single-domain proteins each with a single CAP domain and a solitary double-domain protein containing two conserved cysteine-rich secretory protein/antigen 5/pathogenesis related-1 (CAP) domains. (edu.au)

Our studies will reveal potential applications in helminth drug development and vaccine design, as well as development of an entirely new generation of therapeutics to treat chronic non-infectious diseases. (uzh.ch)

Its dephosphorylation activity/specificity is governed by the interaction of its catalytic subunit (PP1c) with regulatory proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together, our data suggest that the PfI2 protein could play a role in the regulation of the P. falciparum cell cycle through its PfPP1 phosphatase regulatory activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Whether all different helminths are equally potent in inducing regulatory responses is as yet not fully studied. (biomedcentral.com)
We have now identified a binding factor (FBF) which is a cytoplasmic protein that binds specifically to the regulatory region of fem-3 3′UTR and mediates the sperm/oocyte switch. (springernature.com)
This structural element is conserved in several proteins including Drosophila Pumilio, a regulatory protein that controls pattern formation in the fly by binding to a 3′UTR. (springernature.com)

Ceramide lipids in the stratum corneum, which are responsible for water retention and permeability functions, and skin barrier proteins such as filaggrin are expressed at significantly lower levels in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis compared with the skin of patients without atopic dermatitis. (medscape.com)

A large part of the world's population is infected with 1 or more of these helminths, and the prevalence is highest in tropical and subtropical countries where water supplies and sanitation are poor. (cdc.gov)

Of note is that the profile of the reported phosphoproteome reflects the global status of proteins resulting from a balance between endogenous kinase and phosphatase activities. (biomedcentral.com)

The proteins were released from the HSPGs by the degradation of the heparan. (blogspot.com)

Results showed that the full-length tegument proteins were high-throughput cloned and expressed and screened with sera from S. japonicum-infected patients and normal subjects using protein arrays. (nih.gov)

Epitope mapping with 13 fusion proteins covering the entire BP180 polypeptide revealed that in MS and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, IgG autoantibodies target regions located in the intracellular and mid-extracellular parts of BP180, but not the well-known BP epitopes located in the non-collagenous 16A domain and the distal part of extracellular domain. (jidonline.org)

Papain breaks down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. (medlineplus.gov)

3) Identify new pathways of helminth-host communication such as endocannabinoids. (ubc.ca)
Antibacterial brokers could have an effect on cell wall or protein synthesis, nucleic acid formation, or critical metabolic pathways. (chooseaustinfirst.com)
Hence arises the concept that helminths strongly influence the immune system and enable protective pathways against these hyperimmune-associated disorders. (medscape.com)

The protective immune response that evolved against helminths has largely been characterised in mice and is dominated by a strong type 2 immune response that includes the activation of type two innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) by IL-33, IL-25 and neuromedin U released from necrotic epithelial cells, tuft cells, or sensory enteric neurons respectively 4 . (nature.com)
Skewing of the immune response by most helminths toward Th2 while blocking Th1 response was suggested to attenuate Th1-driven inflammatory responses in the host. (medscape.com)

Decrease in protein turnover was consistent for only a minority of functionally related protein subsets, including tubulins and vitellogenins, whereas randomly diverging turnover patterns with age were the norm. (mcponline.org)

[6] [8] Some of these are pathogenesis related (PR) proteins that are induced as part of systemic acquired resistance. (wikipedia.org)

The standard method for diagnosing soil-transmitted helminths is by identifying eggs in a stool specimen using a microscope. (cdc.gov)

Proteins Proteins Linear polypeptides that are synthesized on ribosomes and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. (lecturio.com)

Proteins found in any species of helminth. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins found in any species of archaeon. (bvsalud.org)

Interacting with various cellular proteins, E6 and E7 influence fundamental cellular functions like cell cycle regulation, telomere maintenance, susceptibility to apoptosis, intercellular adhesion and regulation of immune responses. (ovixinstal.ro)

Soil-transmitted helminths cause widespread disease, infecting ~1.5 billion people living within poverty-stricken regions of tropical and subtropical countries. (nature.com)
We propose that FBF and Pumilio are members of a widespread family of sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins. (springernature.com)

Although mammals do not produce chitin, they have two functional chitinases, Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), as well as chitinase-like proteins (such as YKL-40 ) that have high sequence similarity but lack chitinase activity. (wikipedia.org)

Evidence of Altered Glycosylation of Serum Proteins Prior to Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis. (harrywhitwell.com)
to identify the virus might require immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the viral protein or more likely, the diagnosis would be confirmed by the symptoms or serology. (open.edu)

Methods Here, we employed a bioinformatics workflow to curate the SCP/TAPS protein gene family in L. cuprina. (edu.au)
Hmmpfam is used with default settings to map the user provided gene protein sequences against the Kinomer models. (researchsquare.com)

The published genomic sequence of nematode Caenorrhabdtis elegans as well the primary sequence of the FLP18R1 G-Protein Coupled Receptor are available. (uct.ac.za)
Screening resulted in the identification of an immunoreactive protein encoded by clone CE3, which contained an inserted sequence composed of 1292 base pairs. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms38

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care3

Geographicals2

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/1944)

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (2/1944)

The Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination gene mog-1 encodes a member of the DEAH-Box protein family. (3/1944)

Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. (4/1944)

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene ham-2 links Hox patterning to migration of the HSN motor neuron. (5/1944)

Patterning of Caenorhabditis elegans posterior structures by the Abdominal-B homolog, egl-5. (6/1944)

Reverse genetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans presenilins reveals redundant but unequal roles for sel-12 and hop-1 in Notch-pathway signaling. (7/1944)

Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen B) and E. multilocularis protoscolex (EM18). (8/1944)

Helminths

Helminth Proteins

Helminthiasis

Helminthiasis, Animal

Therapy with Helminths

Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic

Trichuris

Antibodies, Helminth

Antigens, Helminth

Ancylostomatoidea

Anthelmintics

Nematospiroides dubius

Strongylida Infections

Nematode Infections

Cestoda

Parasite Egg Count

Albendazole

Schistosoma mansoni

Protozoan Infections

Filarioidea

Schistosoma

Cestode Infections

Filariasis

Nippostrongylus

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis mansoni

Trematoda

Feces

DNA, Helminth

Fasciola hepatica

Trematode Infections

Necator americanus

Host-Parasite Interactions

Soil

Nematoda

Parasitic Diseases

Th2 Cells

Trichinella spiralis

Strongyloides stercoralis

Hymenolepiasis

Parasitology

Taenia

Necatoriasis

Ascaris

Mebendazole

Strongyloidea

Genome, Helminth

Strongyloidiasis

Hymenolepis nana

Antiparasitic Agents

Trichinellosis

Prevalence

Ancylostoma

Parasites

Praziquantel

Ascaris suum

Coinfection

Hymenolepis

Taeniasis

Fascioliasis

Spiruroidea

Immunoglobulin E

Cote d'Ivoire

Mansonelliasis

Schistosoma haematobium

Echinostomiasis

Toxocariasis

Basophils

Wuchereria bancrofti

Strongyloides

Parasitic Diseases, Animal

Antinematodal Agents

Amoebozoa

Schistosomiasis haematobia

Neglected Diseases

Ivermectin

Hygiene

Tropical Medicine

Oxyurida

Laos