Impaired conduction of cardiac impulse that can occur anywhere along the conduction pathway, such as between the SINOATRIAL NODE and the right atrium (SA block) or between atria and ventricles (AV block). Heart blocks can be classified by the duration, frequency, or completeness of conduction block. Reversibility depends on the degree of structural or functional defects.
The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.
A condition of fainting spells caused by heart block, often an atrioventricular block, that leads to BRADYCARDIA and drop in CARDIAC OUTPUT. When the cardiac output becomes too low, the patient faints (SYNCOPE). In some cases, the syncope attacks are transient and in others cases repetitive and persistent.
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).
A small nodular mass of specialized muscle fibers located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus. It gives rise to the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart.
Small RNAs found in the cytoplasm usually complexed with proteins in scRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL CYTOPLASMIC).
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.
Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.
Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.
Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.
The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.
Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.
Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.
An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.
Small band of specialized CARDIAC MUSCLE fibers that originates in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE and extends into the membranous part of the interventricular septum. The bundle of His, consisting of the left and the right bundle branches, conducts the electrical impulses to the HEART VENTRICLES in generation of MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION.
The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.
A form of heart block in which the electrical stimulation of HEART VENTRICLES is interrupted at either one of the branches of BUNDLE OF HIS thus preventing the simultaneous depolarization of the two ventricles.
Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.
Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).
Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.
Steroids which are substituted with one or more fluorine atoms in any position.
A mitochondrial disorder featuring the triad of chronic progressive EXTERNAL OPHTHALMOPLEGIA, cardiomyopathy (CARDIOMYOPATHIES) with conduction block (HEART BLOCK), and RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA. Disease onset is in the first or second decade. Elevated CSF protein, sensorineural deafness, seizures, and pyramidal signs may also be present. Ragged-red fibers are found on muscle biopsy. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p984)
A condition characterized by the thickening of ENDOCARDIUM due to proliferation of fibrous and elastic tissue, usually in the left ventricle leading to impaired cardiac function (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE). It is most commonly seen in young children and rarely in adults. It is often associated with congenital heart anomalies (HEART DEFECTS CONGENITAL;) INFECTION; or gene mutation. Defects in the tafazzin protein, encoded by TAZ gene, result in a form of autosomal dominant familial endocardial fibroelastosis.
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.
The small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava (VENA CAVA, SUPERIOR) and right atrium. Contraction impulses probably start in this node, spread over the atrium (HEART ATRIUM) and are then transmitted by the atrioventricular bundle (BUNDLE OF HIS) to the ventricle (HEART VENTRICLE).
The chambers of the heart, to which the BLOOD returns from the circulation.
This structure includes the thin muscular atrial septum between the two HEART ATRIA, and the thick muscular ventricular septum between the two HEART VENTRICLES.
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)
Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).
The measurement of magnetic fields generated by electric currents from the heart. The measurement of these fields provides information which is complementary to that provided by ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY.
An autobiography in the medical field is a written account of a person's life and experiences related to their medical condition or profession.
Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in two or more fetal compartments, such as SKIN; PLEURA; PERICARDIUM; PLACENTA; PERITONEUM; AMNIOTIC FLUID. General fetal EDEMA may be of non-immunologic origin, or of immunologic origin as in the case of ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS.
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Flaps of tissue that prevent regurgitation of BLOOD from the HEART VENTRICLES to the HEART ATRIA or from the PULMONARY ARTERIES or AORTA to the ventricles.
Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.
Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.
Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, CARDIAC).
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.
The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).
Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.
Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.
A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.
Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.
A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.
Act of listening for sounds within the heart.
A condition caused by dysfunctions related to the SINOATRIAL NODE including impulse generation (CARDIAC SINUS ARREST) and impulse conduction (SINOATRIAL EXIT BLOCK). It is characterized by persistent BRADYCARDIA, chronic ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following CARDIOVERSION. This syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects.
A device that substitutes for a heart valve. It may be composed of biological material (BIOPROSTHESIS) and/or synthetic material.

DMPK dosage alterations result in atrioventricular conduction abnormalities in a mouse myotonic dystrophy model. (1/1056)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy and is caused by expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat on human chromosome 19. Patients with DM develop atrioventricular conduction disturbances, the principal cardiac manifestation of this disease. The etiology of the pathophysiological changes observed in DM has yet to be resolved. Haploinsufficiency of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK), DM locus-associated homeodomain protein (DMAHP) and/or titration of RNA-binding proteins by expanded CUG sequences have been hypothesized to underlie the multi-system defects observed in DM. Using an in vivo murine electrophysiology study, we show that cardiac conduction is exquisitely sensitive to DMPK gene dosage. DMPK-/- mice develop cardiac conduction defects which include first-, second-, and third-degree atrioventricular (A-V) block. Our results demonstrate that the A-V node and the His-Purkinje regions of the conduction system are specifically compromised by DMPK loss. Importantly, DMPK+/- mice develop first-degree heart block, a conduction defect strikingly similar to that observed in DM patients. These results demonstrate that DMPK dosage is a critical element modulating cardiac conduction integrity and conclusively link haploinsufficiency of DMPK with cardiac disease in myotonic dystrophy.  (+info)

Junctional ectopic tachycardia evolving into complete heart block. (2/1056)

Transition from congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia to complete AV block was observed in an 8 month old girl, over a 36 hour period, during initial hospital admission. Two years later she had evidence of a rapidly increasing left ventricular end diastolic diameter, associated with lowest heart rates during sleep of < 30 beats/min. A transvenous permanent pacemaker was therefore implanted. This finding supports the idea that a pathological process in the area of the AV junction, initially presenting as junctional ectopic tachycardia may later extend to sudden complete atrioventricular block.  (+info)

Modulation of AV nodal and Hisian conduction by changes in extracellular space. (3/1056)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the extracellular space (ECS) component of the atrioventricular (AV) node and His bundle region is larger than the ECS in adjacent contractile myocardium. The potential physiological significance of this observation was examined in a canine blood-perfused AV nodal preparation. Mannitol, an ECS osmotic expander, was infused directly into either the AV node or His bundle region. This resulted in a significant dose-dependent increase in the AV nodal or His-ventricular conduction time and in the AV nodal effective refractory period. Mannitol infusion eventually resulted in Wenckebach block (n = 6), which reversed with mannitol washout. The ratio of AV nodal to left ventricular ECS in tissue frozen immediately on the development of heart block (n = 8) was significantly higher in the region of block (4.53 +/- 0.61) compared with that in control preparations (2.23 +/- 0.35, n = 6, P < 0.01) and donor dog hearts (2.45 +/- 0.18, n = 11, P < 0.01) not exposed to mannitol. With lower mannitol rates (10% of total blood flow), AV nodal conduction times increased by 5-10% and the AV node became supersensitive to adenosine, acetylcholine, and carbachol, but not to norepinephrine. We conclude that mannitol-induced changes in AV node and His bundle ECS markedly alter conduction system electrophysiology and the sensitivity of conductive tissues to purinergic and cholinergic agonists.  (+info)

Atrioventricular block occurring several months after radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia. (4/1056)

Atrioventricular (AV) block following radiofrequency (RF) ablation for the treatment of AV nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rare but well recognised complication of the procedure--the reported incidence ranges from 1% to 21%. Almost all cases of AV block occur during or shortly after the procedure, are transient, and recover quickly. Two patients (a 22 year man and a 72 year old woman) with symptomatic AV block occurring several months after slow pathway RF ablation, requiring permanent pacemaker implantation, are described. Both patients had had several 24 hour Holter recordings before the procedure, and in neither case was there any evidence of intermittent or persistent AV block. This is a rare complication with no definitive predictors; however, all efforts should be made to exclude AV block in patients presenting with suggestive symptoms following RF ablation. With the wide use of RF ablation for the treatment of AVNRT, more cases are likely to occur. A registry should allow documentation of the incidence of this complication.  (+info)

Catheter-induced mechanical trauma to accessory pathways during radiofrequency ablation: incidence, predictors and clinical implications. (5/1056)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence, predictors and clinical implications of nonintentionally catheter-induced mechanical trauma to accessory pathways during radiofrequency ablation procedures. BACKGROUND: Data on the incidence and significance of catheter-induced trauma to accessory pathways are scarce. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 381) undergoing radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways at two different institutions were closely monitored for appearance of mechanical block of accessory pathways during catheter manipulation. RESULTS: Mechanical trauma to accessory pathways was observed in 37 (9.7%) patients. According to a multivariate analysis, the only independent variable associated with this phenomenon was the anatomical pathway location (p = 0.0001). The incidence of trauma of either right anteroseptal (38.5%) or right atriofascicular pathways (33.3%) was significantly greater than that of pathways (< or =10%) at all remaining locations (p < 0.0001). The duration of conduction block observed ranged from < or =1 min to >30 min in 19% and 35% of patients, respectively. "Immediate" application of radiofrequency pulses at sites of mechanical block (<1 min after occurrence) was associated with a 78% long-term success rate at follow-up. This contrasted with a 25% long-term success rate in patients in whom pulses were delivered 30 min after occurrence of block ("delayed pulses"). Finally, in 24% of patients persistent trauma-induced conduction block led to discontinuation of the ablation procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma to accessory pathways is more common than previously recognized and frequently results in prolongation or discontinuation of the ablation procedure and in lower success rates. The only independent predictor of catheter-trauma to accessory pathways is the pathway location.  (+info)

Conduction disturbances and increased atrial vulnerability in Connexin40-deficient mice analyzed by transesophageal stimulation. (6/1056)

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been reported that connexin40 (Cx40) deficiency in targeted mouse mutants is associated with a prolongation of P-wave and QRS complex duration on surface electrograms. The specific effects of Cx40 deficiency on sinus node function, sinoatrial, and atrioventricular conduction properties as well as on atrial vulnerability have not yet been investigated systematically by electrophysiological analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-two mice (18 Cx40(+/+), 15 Cx40(+/-), and 19 Cx40(-/-) mice) were subjected to rapid atrial transesophageal stimulation after anesthesia with avertin. A significant prolongation of sinus node recovery time was noticed in Cx40(-/-) mice compared with Cx40(+/-) and Cx40(+/+) mice (287.8+/-109.0 vs 211.1+/-61.8 vs 204.4+/-60.9 ms; P<0.05). In addition, Wenckebach periodicity occurred at significantly longer atrial pacing cycle lengths in Cx40(-/-) mice than in Cx40(+/-) or Cx40(+/+) mice (93. 3+/-11.8 vs 83.9+/-9.7 vs 82.8+/-8.0 ms, P<0.05). Analysis of 27 Cx40(-/-) mice showed a significant increase in intra-atrial conduction time and atrioventricular conduction time compared with 52 Cx40(+/-) and 31 wild-type (Cx40(+/+)) mice. Furthermore, in Cx40(-/-) mice, atrial tachyarrhythmias could be induced frequently by atrial burst pacing, whereas no atrial arrhythmias were inducible in heterozygous or wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that Cx40 deficiency is associated with sinoatrial, intra-atrial, and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. In atrial myocardium of the mouse, Cx40 deficiency results in increased atrial vulnerability and might contribute to arrhythmogenesis.  (+info)

Reversion to sinus rhythm 11 years after surgically induced heart block. (7/1056)

A patient is presented in whom the heart reverted spontaneously to sinus rhythm 11 years after surgical closure of a ventricular septal defect complicated by complete heart block. It seems unlikely that regeneration of fibres in the bundle of His, if these had indeed been destroyed, could account for the restoration of sinus rhythm after so long an interval.  (+info)

Electrophysiological effects of mexiletine in man. (8/1056)

The electrophysiological effects of intravenous mexiletine in a dose of 200 to 250 mg given over 5 minutes, followed by continuous infusion of 60 to 90 mg per hour, were studied in 5 patients with normal conduction and in 20 patients with a variety of disturbances of impulse formation and conduction, by means of His bundle electrography, atrial pacing, and the extrastimulus method. In all but 2 patients the plasma level was above the lower therapeutic limit. Mexiletine had no consistent effects on sinus frequency and atrial refractoriness. The sinoatrial recovery time changed inconsistently in both directions; however, of the 5 patients in whom an increase was evident, 3 had sinus node dysfunction. In most patients mexiletine increased the AV nodal conduction time at paced atrial rates and shifted the Wenckebach point to a lower atrial rate. The effective refractory period of the AV node was not consistently influenced, while the functional refractory period increased in 12 out of 14 patients. The HV intervals increased by a mean of 11 ms in 8 patients and were unchanged in 17. Both the relative and effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system increased after mexiletine. Non-cardiac side effects occurred in 7 out of 25 patients, and cardiac side effects, including one serious, in 2. The results indicate that mexiletine shares some electrophysiological properties with procainamide and quinidine, when given to patients with conduction defects, and that the drug should not be used in patients with pre-existing impairment of impulse formation or conduction. It has additional effects on AV nodal conduction which may be of value in the treatment of re-entrant tachycardias involving the AV node.  (+info)

Heart block is a condition in which the electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat are slowed or blocked as they travel through the heart's conduction system. This can cause the heart to beat too slowly (bradycardia) or irregularly, which can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath. There are three main types of heart block: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree. First-degree heart block is the mildest form and usually does not cause any symptoms. Second-degree heart block is more serious and can cause symptoms, especially if it is caused by an underlying heart condition. Third-degree heart block is the most serious form and can lead to life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. Heart block can be caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the heart muscle, certain medications, and inherited conditions. Treatment options depend on the severity of the heart block and the underlying cause. In some cases, a pacemaker may be necessary to regulate the heartbeat.

Adams-Stokes syndrome, also known as pediatric syncope, is a medical condition characterized by recurrent episodes of loss of consciousness (syncope) in children. It is caused by a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, which can be due to a variety of factors such as heart problems, low blood pressure, or anemia. The symptoms of Adams-Stokes syndrome may include dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, and loss of consciousness. The episodes can last from a few seconds to several minutes and may be triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, or standing up too quickly. Diagnosis of Adams-Stokes syndrome typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as various diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and blood tests. Treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause of the syncope, such as treating heart problems or anemia, as well as lifestyle changes and medications to prevent future episodes.

The Atrioventricular (AV) node is a specialized group of cardiac muscle cells located in the wall of the right atrium, between the two atrial chambers of the heart. It acts as a relay station, receiving electrical impulses from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium and sending them to the ventricles to initiate their contraction. The AV node is responsible for controlling the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat, and any problems with the AV node can lead to arrhythmias or abnormal heart rhythms.

RNA, Small Cytoplasmic, also known as small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA), is a type of non-coding RNA that is found in the cytoplasm of cells. It is typically between 18 and 30 nucleotides in length and is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including gene expression regulation, RNA stability, and translation. scRNA can be further classified into several subtypes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), each of which has a distinct function and mechanism of action. In recent years, scRNA sequencing has become a powerful tool for studying the transcriptome of individual cells and has been used to identify novel regulatory mechanisms and to study the heterogeneity of cells within a tissue.

Bradycardia is a medical condition characterized by a slow heart rate, which is defined as a resting heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). The normal resting heart rate for adults is typically between 60 and 100 bpm. Bradycardia can be classified as sinus bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate that originates from the sinoatrial node, or as non-sinus bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate that originates from another part of the heart. Bradycardia can be asymptomatic or may cause symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, chest pain, or palpitations. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including electrolyte imbalances, medications, heart disease, thyroid disorders, and certain genetic conditions. Treatment for bradycardia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, while in others, medications, a pacemaker, or other medical procedures may be recommended.

Atrioventricular (AV) block is a type of heart rhythm disorder that occurs when the electrical signals that regulate the heartbeat are delayed or blocked as they travel from the atria (upper chambers) to the ventricles (lower chambers) of the heart. This can cause the heart to beat too slowly or irregularly, which can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath. There are three main types of AV block: first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree. First-degree AV block is the mildest form and is characterized by a delay in the electrical signal between the atria and ventricles. Second-degree AV block is more severe and is characterized by a partial blockage of the electrical signal, which can result in a slower heart rate. Third-degree AV block is the most severe form and is characterized by a complete blockage of the electrical signal, which can result in a very slow or irregular heart rate. AV block can be caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the heart muscle, certain medications, and underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease or heart failure. Treatment for AV block depends on the severity of the condition and may include medications, a pacemaker, or surgery.

Antibodies, Antinuclear (ANA) are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as viruses or bacteria. In the medical field, ANA tests are used to detect the presence of these antibodies in the blood. ANA tests are often used to diagnose autoimmune diseases, which are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body. Some autoimmune diseases that can be diagnosed through ANA testing include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome. ANA tests can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for autoimmune diseases, as well as to detect the presence of certain infections or other medical conditions. However, it's important to note that a positive ANA test does not necessarily mean that a person has an autoimmune disease, as ANA can also be present in healthy individuals.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. These defects can affect the heart's structure, function, or both, and can range from minor to severe. CHDs are the most common type of birth defect and affect approximately 1 in 100 live births. CHDs can occur in any part of the heart, including the valves, arteries, veins, and chambers. Some common types of CHDs include: - Atrial septal defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart. - Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. - Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): A blood vessel that remains open between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. - Coarctation of the aorta: A narrowing of the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. - Tetralogy of Fallot: A combination of four heart defects that affect the flow of blood through the heart. CHDs can cause a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and heart palpitations. Treatment for CHDs depends on the type and severity of the defect, and may include medications, surgery, or other interventions. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications.

Fetal diseases refer to medical conditions that affect the developing fetus during pregnancy. These conditions can be genetic, infectious, or caused by environmental factors. Fetal diseases can range from minor abnormalities that do not affect the baby's health to life-threatening conditions that require medical intervention. Some common fetal diseases include chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, neural tube defects such as spina bifida, and congenital heart defects. Fetal infections such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, and Zika virus can also cause fetal diseases. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain medications, alcohol, or tobacco can also increase the risk of fetal diseases. Fetal diseases can be detected through prenatal testing, such as ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling. Early detection and intervention can help improve the outcome for the baby and the mother. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, or other medical interventions, depending on the specific condition and severity.

Cardiac pacing, artificial refers to the medical procedure of implanting a device called a pacemaker into a patient's chest to regulate the heartbeat. The pacemaker is a small electronic device that sends electrical signals to the heart to prompt it to beat at a normal rate. The pacemaker is typically implanted under local anesthesia and can be done on an outpatient basis. The device is connected to the heart through wires called leads, which are placed in the heart's chambers. The pacemaker is then programmed to send electrical signals to the heart at specific intervals to ensure that the heart beats at a normal rate. Artificial cardiac pacing is commonly used to treat patients with bradycardia, a condition in which the heart beats too slowly. It can also be used to treat patients with certain heart conditions, such as heart failure, that cause the heart to beat irregularly. Artificial cardiac pacing can improve a patient's quality of life by reducing symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, is a medical condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This can lead to a buildup of fluid in the lungs, liver, and other organs, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Heart failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the heart muscle from a heart attack, high blood pressure, or long-term damage from conditions such as diabetes or coronary artery disease. It can also be caused by certain genetic disorders or infections. Treatment for heart failure typically involves medications to improve heart function and reduce fluid buildup, as well as lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. In some cases, surgery or other medical procedures may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of the heart failure or to improve heart function.

The Bundle of His is a group of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located in the lower part of the right atrium and the upper part of the right ventricle of the heart. It plays a crucial role in the initiation and conduction of electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat. The Bundle of His is composed of three main components: the Bundle of His proper, the Right Bundle Branch, and the Left Bundle Branch. The Bundle of His proper is responsible for conducting electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles, while the Right and Left Bundle Branches conduct the impulses within the ventricles. Any disruption or damage to the Bundle of His can lead to abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias.

Heart diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. These conditions can range from minor to severe and can affect the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications. Some common types of heart diseases include: 1. Coronary artery disease: This is the most common type of heart disease, which occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. 2. Heart failure: This occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. 3. Arrhythmias: These are abnormal heart rhythms that can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly. 4. Valvular heart disease: This occurs when the heart valves become damaged or diseased, leading to problems with blood flow. 5. Congenital heart disease: This refers to heart defects that are present at birth. 6. Inflammatory heart disease: This includes conditions such as pericarditis and myocarditis, which cause inflammation of the heart. 7. Heart infections: These include conditions such as endocarditis and myocarditis, which can cause damage to the heart muscle and valves. Treatment for heart diseases depends on the specific condition and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery. Early detection and treatment are important for improving outcomes and reducing the risk of complications.

A Bundle-Branch Block (BBB) is a type of heart rhythm disorder that occurs when there is a disruption in the electrical signals that control the contraction of the heart muscle. The heart has two main electrical pathways, called the right and left bundle branches, which carry electrical signals from the sinoatrial node (the heart's natural pacemaker) to the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart) and cause them to contract and pump blood. A Bundle-Branch Block occurs when there is a delay or blockage in the electrical signals that travel through the bundle branches, causing the ventricles to contract asynchronously or with an abnormal rhythm. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fainting. There are two main types of Bundle-Branch Block: Right Bundle-Branch Block (RBBB) and Left Bundle-Branch Block (LBBB). RBBB is more common and usually has no symptoms, while LBBB is less common and can cause more serious symptoms, such as fainting or heart failure. Treatment for Bundle-Branch Block depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, while in others, medications or electrical cardioversion may be used to restore a normal heart rhythm. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the blockage.

Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) are complexes of RNA molecules and proteins that play important roles in various biological processes, including gene expression, RNA processing, and RNA transport. In the medical field, RNPs are often studied in the context of diseases such as cancer, viral infections, and neurological disorders, as they can be involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions. For example, some viruses use RNPs to replicate their genetic material, and mutations in RNPs can lead to the development of certain types of cancer. Additionally, RNPs are being investigated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.

In the medical field, "Steroids, Fluorinated" refers to a class of drugs that are synthesized by adding a fluorine atom to the steroid molecule. These drugs are often used to treat a variety of medical conditions, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer. Fluorinated steroids are similar in structure to natural steroids, such as cortisol and testosterone, but they have different chemical properties that make them more potent and longer-lasting. They are typically administered orally or by injection, and their effects can last for several days or even weeks. Some examples of fluorinated steroids include prednisone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone. These drugs are often used to treat conditions such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. However, they can also have side effects, such as weight gain, mood changes, and increased risk of infection, and they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the muscles and the nervous system. It is caused by mutations in the nuclear DNA of cells, specifically in the mitochondrial DNA. KSS is characterized by a triad of symptoms, which include muscle weakness, pigmentary retinopathy, and cardiac conduction defects. The muscle weakness is usually progressive and can affect the muscles of the face, neck, and limbs. The pigmentary retinopathy can cause vision loss and blindness, while the cardiac conduction defects can lead to arrhythmias and heart failure. KSS is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) in order to develop the disorder. There is currently no cure for KSS, but treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications.

Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is a rare heart condition that occurs in infants and young children. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fibrous and elastic tissue in the inner lining of the heart's heart chambers (endocardium). This buildup of tissue can obstruct blood flow through the heart and lead to heart failure. EFE is usually diagnosed in infants and young children, and it is more common in boys than girls. The exact cause of EFE is not known, but it is thought to be related to a viral infection or exposure to certain medications during pregnancy. Other risk factors for EFE include prematurity, low birth weight, and a family history of heart disease. Treatment for EFE typically involves medications to manage symptoms and improve heart function. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the excess tissue and improve blood flow through the heart. The prognosis for children with EFE depends on the severity of their condition and how well they respond to treatment. Some children with EFE may recover fully, while others may require ongoing medical care.

Syncope is a medical condition characterized by a temporary loss of consciousness due to a lack of blood flow to the brain. It is also known as fainting or passing out. Syncope can be caused by a variety of factors, including low blood pressure, heart problems, anemia, dehydration, or certain medications. Symptoms of syncope may include dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, and loss of consciousness. Treatment for syncope depends on the underlying cause and may include lifestyle changes, medications, or medical procedures.

Heart septal defects, ventricular, refer to a type of congenital heart defect that affects the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart responsible for pumping blood out to the body. In a healthy heart, there is a wall called the septum that separates the left and right ventricles. However, in a person with a ventricular septal defect, there is a hole or opening in this wall, allowing blood to flow from one ventricle to the other. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on the size and location of the defect. Some people may not experience any symptoms at all, while others may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, or heart palpitations. In severe cases, a ventricular septal defect can lead to heart failure or other complications. Treatment for ventricular septal defects typically involves surgical repair or the placement of a device to close the hole in the septum. The specific treatment approach will depend on the size and location of the defect, as well as the individual's overall health and medical history.

Cardiomyopathies are a group of heart diseases that affect the heart muscle (myocardium). These diseases can cause the heart to become enlarged, thickened, or rigid, which can lead to problems with the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. There are several different types of cardiomyopathies, including: 1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: This is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, which can make it difficult for the heart to pump blood. 2. Dilated cardiomyopathy: This is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged, which can cause the heart to pump blood less effectively. 3. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC): This is a condition in which the heart muscle in the right ventricle becomes abnormal and can cause irregular heart rhythms. 4. Non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: This is a type of dilated cardiomyopathy that is not caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart muscle. 5. Idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy: This is a condition in which the left ventricle of the heart becomes abnormally thick, which can make it difficult for the heart to pump blood. Cardiomyopathies can be inherited or acquired, and they can range from mild to severe. Treatment for cardiomyopathies depends on the specific type and severity of the condition, and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

Lupus erythematosus, cutaneous (LEc) is a type of skin disease that is part of a larger group of conditions known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and other organs. LEc is characterized by a distinctive red rash that appears on the skin, usually on the face, ears, and scalp. The rash is usually symmetrical and can be accompanied by itching, burning, and tenderness. In some cases, the rash may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms. LEc can be a mild condition that resolves on its own, or it can be a more severe form of SLE that requires long-term treatment and management. Treatment for LEc typically involves the use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and other medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. In some cases, phototherapy or other forms of light therapy may also be used to treat the rash.

In the medical field, an autobiography is a written account of a person's life, including their medical history, experiences, and personal reflections. It may be written by a patient or a healthcare professional, and it can be used for a variety of purposes, such as providing insight into a particular disease or condition, sharing personal stories of overcoming adversity, or educating others about the patient's experience with healthcare. Autobiographies in the medical field may also be used for research purposes, as they can provide valuable data and insights into the lived experiences of patients with specific conditions. They may be used to inform the development of new treatments or to improve patient care and outcomes. Overall, an autobiography in the medical field can be a powerful tool for promoting understanding, empathy, and compassion, as well as for advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care.

Autoantibodies are antibodies that are produced by the immune system against the body's own cells, tissues, or organs. In other words, they are antibodies that mistakenly target and attack the body's own components instead of foreign invaders like viruses or bacteria. Autoantibodies can be present in people with various medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. They can also be found in people with certain infections, cancer, and other diseases. Autoantibodies can cause damage to the body's own cells, tissues, or organs, leading to inflammation, tissue destruction, and other symptoms. They can also interfere with the normal functioning of the body's systems, such as the nervous system, digestive system, and cardiovascular system. Diagnosis of autoantibodies is typically done through blood tests, which can detect the presence of specific autoantibodies in the blood. Treatment for autoimmune diseases that involve autoantibodies may include medications to suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, as well as other therapies to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Hydrops Fetalis is a medical condition that occurs during pregnancy and is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the fetus's body. This can lead to swelling in the fetus's abdomen, chest, and limbs, as well as an enlarged liver and spleen. Hydrops Fetalis can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, infections, and blood disorders. It is a serious condition that can lead to stillbirth or death of the fetus if not treated promptly. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition and managing the symptoms.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects multiple organs and systems in the body. It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that attack healthy cells and tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. The symptoms of SLE can vary widely and may include joint pain and swelling, skin rashes, fatigue, fever, and kidney problems. Other possible symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, headaches, and memory problems. SLE can affect people of all ages and ethnicities, but it is more common in women than in men. There is no known cure for SLE, but treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment may include medications to reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage severe symptoms or complications.

Arrhythmias, cardiac refer to abnormal heart rhythms that are not synchronized with the electrical signals that control the heartbeat. These abnormal rhythms can be caused by a variety of factors, including structural abnormalities of the heart, damage to the heart muscle, or problems with the electrical conduction system of the heart. Arrhythmias can range from relatively harmless to life-threatening. Some common types of cardiac arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial flutter. Symptoms of arrhythmias may include palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting. Treatment for arrhythmias may involve medications, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures such as catheter ablation or implantation of a pacemaker or defibrillator.

Pregnancy complications refer to any medical conditions or problems that arise during pregnancy that can potentially harm the mother or the developing fetus. These complications can range from minor issues that can be easily managed to life-threatening conditions that require immediate medical attention. Some common examples of pregnancy complications include gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placenta previa, preterm labor, and miscarriage. Other complications may include infections, such as urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections, as well as conditions that can affect the baby, such as congenital anomalies or birth defects. Pregnancy complications can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, underlying medical conditions, and environmental factors. Proper prenatal care and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help identify and manage pregnancy complications early on, reducing the risk of complications and improving outcomes for both the mother and the baby.

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues in the body. In a healthy immune system, the body recognizes and attacks foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria, to protect itself. However, in autoimmune diseases, the immune system becomes overactive and begins to attack the body's own cells and tissues. There are over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, and they can affect various parts of the body, including the joints, skin, muscles, blood vessels, and organs such as the thyroid gland, pancreas, and liver. Some common examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment for autoimmune diseases typically involves managing symptoms and reducing inflammation, and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.

Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure that involves inserting a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel in the groin, arm, or neck and threading it up to the heart. The catheter is then used to inject a contrast dye into the heart's chambers and blood vessels, which allows doctors to see the heart's structure and function on X-ray images. The procedure is typically used to diagnose and treat a variety of heart conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart valve problems, and heart rhythm disorders. During the procedure, doctors may also perform additional tests, such as angiography, which involves taking X-ray images of the blood vessels to look for blockages or narrowing. Cardiac catheterization is generally considered a safe and minimally invasive procedure, with a low risk of complications. However, as with any medical procedure, there are some risks, including bleeding, infection, and damage to the blood vessels or heart.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a medical condition characterized by the enlargement and weakening of the heart muscle, specifically the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart responsible for pumping blood out to the rest of the body. This enlargement causes the heart to become weakened and unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, infections, alcohol and drug abuse, and certain medications. It can also be a complication of other heart conditions, such as hypertension or coronary artery disease. Diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy typically involves a physical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and other imaging tests. Treatment may include medications to improve heart function, lifestyle changes such as a heart-healthy diet and exercise, and in some cases, surgery or heart transplantation.

Myocardial infarction (MI), also known as a heart attack, is a medical condition that occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot. This lack of blood flow can cause damage to the heart muscle, which can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated promptly. The most common cause of a heart attack is atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. When a plaque ruptures or becomes unstable, it can form a blood clot that blocks the flow of blood to the heart muscle. Other causes of heart attacks include coronary artery spasms, blood clots that travel to the heart from other parts of the body, and certain medical conditions such as Kawasaki disease. Symptoms of a heart attack may include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, lightheadedness or dizziness, and pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach. If you suspect that you or someone else is having a heart attack, it is important to call emergency services immediately. Early treatment with medications and possibly surgery can help to reduce the risk of serious complications and improve the chances of a full recovery.

Collagen diseases, also known as collagenopathies, are a group of disorders that affect the body's connective tissue, which is made up of collagen fibers. Connective tissue is found throughout the body and provides support and structure to organs, tissues, and bones. Collagen diseases are caused by mutations in genes that are responsible for producing collagen or the enzymes that are needed to break down and recycle collagen. These mutations can lead to the production of abnormal collagen fibers or a deficiency in the amount of collagen produced, which can cause the connective tissue to become weak and brittle. There are many different types of collagen diseases, including: 1. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS): A group of inherited disorders that affect the skin, joints, blood vessels, and connective tissue. 2. Marfan syndrome: An inherited disorder that affects the connective tissue in the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal system. 3. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI): An inherited disorder that affects the production of collagen in the bones, causing them to be fragile and prone to fractures. 4. Loeys-Dietz syndrome: An inherited disorder that affects the connective tissue in the blood vessels, heart, and skeletal system. 5. Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy: An inherited disorder that affects the connective tissue in the muscles, causing weakness and wasting. Treatment for collagen diseases depends on the specific disorder and its severity. In some cases, medications or physical therapy may be used to manage symptoms. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged tissue.

Arrhythmia, sinus refers to an abnormal rhythm of the heartbeat that originates from the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the natural pacemaker of the heart. The SA node is located in the right atrium of the heart and is responsible for generating electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to contract and pump blood. Sinus arrhythmia is a type of arrhythmia that is characterized by an irregularity in the rate of the heartbeat. It is a relatively common condition that is usually harmless and does not require treatment. In some cases, sinus arrhythmia may be associated with other heart conditions or may be a side effect of certain medications. Symptoms of sinus arrhythmia may include palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, or shortness of breath. However, many people with sinus arrhythmia do not experience any symptoms at all. Diagnosis of sinus arrhythmia typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG), which is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. Treatment for sinus arrhythmia may involve lifestyle changes, such as avoiding caffeine and alcohol, getting regular exercise, and managing stress. In some cases, medication or other medical procedures may be necessary to treat sinus arrhythmia.

Betamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone that is used in the medical field as a potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. It is commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including allergic reactions, skin disorders, respiratory diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Betamethasone is available in various forms, including creams, ointments, injections, and tablets. It works by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system, which can help to reduce swelling, redness, and itching, as well as prevent the body from attacking healthy tissues. Betamethasone is generally considered safe and effective when used as directed, but it can cause side effects, including skin thinning, stretch marks, and increased risk of infection. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when using betamethasone and to report any side effects that occur.

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) that can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, autoimmune disorders, or other factors. It can lead to swelling and damage to the heart muscle, which can affect its ability to pump blood effectively. Symptoms of myocarditis can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and an irregular heartbeat. Treatment for myocarditis depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, rest, and lifestyle changes. In severe cases, hospitalization and supportive care may be necessary. Myocarditis can be a serious condition and can lead to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.

Transposition of the great vessels (TGV) is a rare congenital heart defect that occurs when the two main arteries leaving the heart are reversed in position. In a normally developing heart, the aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle. In TGV, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. This abnormal connection between the great vessels can lead to a variety of complications, including decreased oxygenation of the body's tissues, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Treatment for TGV typically involves surgery to redirect the blood flow and correct the abnormal connection between the great vessels. The success of the surgery depends on the severity of the defect and the age of the patient at the time of surgery.

Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) is a condition characterized by abnormal functioning of the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the natural pacemaker of the heart. The SA node is responsible for generating electrical impulses that initiate each heartbeat. In SSS, the SA node does not function properly, leading to an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). SSS can be caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the SA node or its surrounding tissue, inflammation or infection of the heart, or certain medications. Symptoms of SSS may include palpitations, dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, SSS can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. Treatment for SSS typically involves medications to regulate the heartbeat or, in more severe cases, implantation of a pacemaker or other device to help control the heart's rhythm. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged SA node.

Types of infra-Hisian block include: Type 2 second degree heart block (Mobitz II) -a type of AV block due to a block within or ... Therefore, most of the important heart blocks are AV nodal blocks and infra-Hisian blocks. SA blocks are usually of lesser ... due to a block in or below the bundle of His Third-degree AV block (complete heart block) Infra-Hisian block is that of the ... The term "Wenckebach block" is also used for some heart blocks, and can refer to a second degree type I block in either the SA ...
The congenital heart block (CHB) is the heart block that is diagnosed in fetus (in utero) or within the first 28 days after ... severity of the atrioventricular block, maternal age...etc. In terms of the severity of the AV block, newborn kids with heart ... and a procedure might be required when the heart has structural abnormalities. The outcome of the congenital heart block varies ... The congenital heart block occurs in 1 child in every 15,000 to 20,000 births. More than 90% of the cases are associated with ...
A sinoatrial block (also spelled sinuatrial block) is a disorder in the normal rhythm of the heart, known as a heart block, ... In an SA block, the electrical impulse is delayed or blocked on the way to the atria, thus delaying the atrial beat. (An AV ... Second degree SA blocks are broken down into two subcategories just like AV blocks are: The first is a second degree type I, or ... "sinoatrial heart block". TheFreeDictionary.com. Bledsoe, Porter, Cherry (2009). Paramedic Care; Principles and Practice. New ...
First degree AV block does not generally cause any symptoms, but may progress to more severe forms of heart block such as ... First-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which ... A subset of individuals with the triad of first-degree heart block, right bundle branch block, and either left anterior ... Atrioventricular block Second-degree atrioventricular block Third-degree atrioventricular block "Lesson VI - ECG Conduction ...
Cardiovascular: Myocardial infarction; stroke; heart block; arrhythmias; hypotension, particularly orthostatic hypotension; ... Protriptyline may increase heart rate and stress on the heart. It may be dangerous for people with cardiovascular disease, ... The most frequent of these are dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, increased heart rate, sedation, irritability, ... especially those who have recently had a heart attack, to take this drug or other antidepressants in the same pharmacological ...
... heart block; supraventricular tachycardia or bradyarrhythmias Intraventricular conduction delay or bundle branch block or that ... According to American Heart Association data,[citation needed] about 65% of men and 47% of women present with a heart attack or ... workup before heart transplantation, and prognosis and risk assessment of heart failure patients. The test is also common in ... American Heart Association; Heart Rhythm Society (2011). "ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use ...
... (AV block) is a type of heart block that occurs when the electrical signal traveling from the atria, or ... Additionally, there is an increased risk of patients with Mobitz II heart block developing third-degree heart block. Therefore ... There is a low risk of a Mobitz I AV block leading to complete heart block or cardiac arrest. Mobitz II is caused by a sudden, ... When the signal is completely blocked, the ventricles produce their own electrical signal to control the heart rate. The heart ...
In stimulating the vagus the degree of heart-block increases thereby facilitating the stoppage of the heart block. In an ... AV block- also known as a complete heart block). In this condition, the ability of the heart to relay electrical signals from ... However, when researchers injected calcium chloride into the heart, the heart was able to revive to a regular heart rhythm with ... On the other hand, when the clamps were tightened gradually, the heart passed through various stages of partial block. Through ...
To block the effects of certain hormones on the heart to slow the heart rate. Calcium Channel Blockers: Help slow the heart ... Helps slow the heart rate by blocking the number of electrical impulses that pass through the AV node into the lower heart ... "The Heart Block Poem". Nurseslabs. tumblr.com. Connie Allen; Valerie Harper (5 January 2011). Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and ... 31 W pattern in V1-V2 and M pattern in V3-V6 is Left bundle block. M pattern in V1-V2 and W in V3-V6 is Right bundle block. ...
WFS1 Heart block, nonprogressive; 113900; SCN5A Heart block, progressive, type IA; 113900; SCN5A Heinz body anemia; 140700; ... POLG Progressive familial heart block, type IB; 604559; TRPM4 Proguanil poor metabolizer; 609535; CYP2C Prolidase deficiency; ... SRD5A3 Congenital heart defects, nonsyndromic, 1, X-linked; 306955; ZIC3 Congenital heart disease, nonsyndromic, 2; 612863; ... ENPP1 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome; 241550; GJA1 Hypoproteinemia, hypercatabolic; 241600; B2M Hypospadias 1, X-linked; ...
Haider, Riaz; Singh, S. P. (1970). "Phentolamine In Heart Block". The British Medical Journal. 4 (5730): 307. doi:10.1136/bmj. ... Haider, Riaz; Singh, S. P. (1970). "Phentolamine In Heart Block". The British Medical Journal. 4 (5730): 307-307. ISSN 0007- ... and heart catheterization. He is the former President of the American Heart Association Nation's Capital Affiliate, and served ... 1992 American Heart Association, Nation's Capital, Heart of Gold Award, 1992 Haider, Riaz (2020-04-30). A Triumphant Voyage: ...
"Acquired congenital heart block. Pattern of maternal antibody response to biochemically defined antigens of the SSA/Ro-SSB/La ... SSB-La antibodies in the mother and the risk for congenital heart block in the fetus or in newborns (J Clin Invest 1989). ... and immune-related Congenital heart block. Ben-Chetrit detected a new antigen (52 KD) component of the SSA/Ro (J Exp Med 1988) ...
"House of Hearts" 9:00 "House of Hearts - Rory Block , Songs, Reviews, Credits , AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved May 21, 2021. " ... House of Hearts is an album by American blues guitarist and singer Rory Block, released in 1987 on the Rounder Records label. ... "House of Hearts - Rory Block , Releases , AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved May 21, 2021. (Use mdy dates from February 2020, ... The album is dedicated to Block's son, Thiele David Biehusen, who died in a road accident, aged 20. Biehusen's voice is heard ...
... heart block). In other arrhythmias the heart may beat abnormally rapidly, referred to as a tachycardia or tachyarrhythmia. ... In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in ... "gill hearts" also known as branchial hearts, and one "systemic heart". The branchial hearts have two atria and one ventricle ... Typically, healthy hearts have only two audible heart sounds, called S1 and S2. The first heart sound S1, is the sound created ...
Tuberculosis of Myocardium causing Complete Heart Block. T. Bhaskara Menon and C. K. Prasada Rao, American Journal of Pathology ... In memory of his professional services, the Extension block of Pathology department in Andhra Medical College was renamed as Dr ...
A police station is situated at the heart of Pandwa block. This police station is one of the important police station in Palamu ... Blocks of Palamu district Details of Pandwa block Details of villages under Pandwa block (Articles needing cleanup from August ... The block has 8 panchayats and about 34 villages. Pandwa a Taluka/Block, close to Medininager Palamu, is located 18 km from ... Pandwa mandal/Block consists of 8 Panchayats. The following are the list of Panchayats in the Block: Chhechauri Majhigawan ...
... causes a resting block in the heart. A resting block is the depression of a person's Vmax after a resting period. ... It acts to stop arrhythmias of the heart through a frequency-dependent block of cardiac sodium channels. ... The higher the heart rate, the less effect Prajmaline will have. The drug Prajmaline has been used to treat a number of cardiac ... The effects of some Class I antiarrhythmics are only seen in a patient who has a normal heart rate (~1 Hz). This is due to the ...
The ECG will show complete heart block, high grade AV block, or other malignant arrhythmia during the attacks. Torsades de ... bradycardia due to complete heart block. Typically an attack occurs without warning, leading to sudden loss of consciousness. ... or Gerbec-Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome is a periodic fainting spell in which there is intermittent complete heart block or ... Pointes can occur in a heart block setting. Initial treatment can be medical, involving the use of drugs like isoprenaline ( ...
A variable PR interval may indicate other types of heart block.[citation needed] PR segment depression may indicate atrial ... This is known as first degree heart block. Prolongation can be associated with fibrosis of the AV node, high vagal tone, ... "Heart rate variability in children with acute rheumatic fever". Cardiol Young. 22 (3): 285-92. doi:10.1017/S1047951111001429. ...
Symptoms of heart block include syncope, exercise intolerance, and bradycardia.[citation needed] Kearns-Sayre patients are ... KEARNS TP; SAYRE GP (1958). "Retinitis Pigmentosa, External Ophthalmoplegia, and Complete Heart Block Unusual Syndrome with ... Kearns, Thomas P. (1958). "Retinitis Pigmentosa, External Ophthalmoplegia, and Complete Heart Block". AMA Archives of ... deafness and heart block". The American Journal of Medicine. 29 (5): 888-893. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(60)90122-4. PMID 13789175. ...
"Cause of atrioventricular block in patients after heart transplantation". Transplantation journal. "USC AGSA Dinner Dance and ... "Cause of Atrioventricular Block in Patients After Heart Transplantation.". Armen continued his education at the USC Marshall ...
Nau C, Seaver M, Wang SY, Wang GK (March 2000). "Block of human heart hH1 sodium channels by amitriptyline". J Pharmacol Exp ... particularly any degree of heart block Coronary artery disease Porphyria Severe liver disease (such as cirrhosis) Being under ... The blocking effect of amitriptyline on sodium channels may also contribute to its efficacy in pain conditions. Amitriptyline ... Glaucoma, liver toxicity and abnormal heart rhythms are rare but serious side effects. Blood levels of amitriptyline vary ...
Gray, Christopher (July 16, 2006). "A Notable Block With a Hole in Its Heart". The New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2016. ...
Regouby Y, Delomez G, Tisserant A (1990). "[First-degree heart block caused by voluntary zopiclone poisoning]". Therapie (in ... Serious effects on the heart may also occur from a zopiclone overdose when combined with piperazine. Death certificates show ... Regouby Y, Delomez G, Tisserant A (1989). "[Auriculo-ventricular block during voluntary poisoning with zopiclone]". Therapie ( ...
"Iraqi boy undergoes rare heart surgery". DNA India. "Six-hour surgery to remove rare heart tumour, 3 blocks". DNA India. "Man ... "Man survives 17 blocks in heart , Mumbai News - Times of India". The Times of India. "76-year-old stable after complicated ... "Doctors use girl's heart cover to fix her valve". DNA India. "Mumbai woman operated upon fifth time for heart valve replacement ... AHI cardiac surgeons use the girl's own heart to fix her valve-13 year old was suffering from rheumatic heart, a condition in ...
"Heart Hospital opening faces more blocks". The Peninsula Qatar. 11 December 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2015. "The Formation of The ... He played a large role in efforts to open a Heart Hospital in HMC. He became the first chairman of The International Society ... "Gulf Heart Association". European Society of Cardiology. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2015 ... In 2002, he founded and chaired the Gulf Heart Association, an organization which has been an affiliate of the European Society ...
Permanent neurological deficits complicating sino-atrial block". Br Heart J. 35 (5): 503-6. doi:10.1136/hrt.35.5.503. PMC ... Samarasinghe, HH; Senanyake, N (May 1973). "British Heart Journal, I973, 35, 503-506. ...
Johannes Draaijer, 26, Dutch racing driver, heart block, heart attack. Vern Freiburger, 66, American baseball player. Alberto ... Russell Jacquet, 72, American trumpeter, heart attack. Colin Milburn, 48, English cricketer, heart attack. Wallace Reid Jr., 72 ... "Greville Wynne, Spy for Britain In the Soviet Bloc, Is Dead at 71". The New York Times. March 2, 1990. p. A 19. Retrieved ... Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr., 77, American painter and musician, father of Muhammad Ali, heart attack. George de Mestral, 82, ...
ISBN 0-412-46630-9. KORNEL L (1958). "A case of calcified ventricular aneurysm with progressive heart block; observations on ...
Heart of the World - a programming block featuring foreign telenovelas. K-Feels - the channel's primary programming block ... Heart of Asia Channel (known on-air as Heart of Asia and stylized as HEART OF asia) is a Philippine free-to-air television ... It operates daily starting at 06:00 (PST) with sign-off at 00:00 (PST). Heart of Asia is inspired from the programming block of ... The channel plans to air dramas shown on GMA Network's The Heart of Asia and FantaSeries programming blocks, as well as GMA- ...
Just the other day I was wishing I had a good pattern for a heart quilt. ... Check out Canoe Ridge Creations for this tutorial and assembly guide for one patchwork heart block, a good way to use up fabric ... Just the other day I was wishing I had a good pattern for a heart quilt. ...
... also referred to as third-degree heart block or complete heart block, is a disorder of the cardiac conduction system where ... Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block (Complete Heart Block) * Sections Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block (Complete Heart Block ... Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block (Complete Heart Block). ECG before and after complete heart block at the AV nodal level. ... Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block (Complete Heart Block). Electrocardiogram from patient in complete heart block. View Media ...
miR1 and miR133a block division of heart cells. Approach for strengthening heart regeneration discovered ... The disadvantage: if parts of the heart muscle are damaged, as is the case with a heart attack, for example, the heart lacks ... New heart muscle cells produced by cell division could disrupt this physiological process and cause the heart to become out of ... The heart consists of many individual heart muscle cells that are electrically interconnected and represent a functional unit. ...
... scientists at Johns Hopkins have mapped out a key chemical step involved in blocking enzyme action in heart failure. ... Steps to Block Key Enzyme Action in Heart Failure Mapped Personalised Printable Document (PDF). Please complete this form and ... Steps to Block Key Enzyme Action in Heart Failure Mapped. .article-author__avatar{float:left;}.article-author__avatar figure ... Heart diseases that are present at birth are called Congenital heart diseases . ...
A new study has found that a chemical in crude oil slows the fishs heart rates, reduces cardiac contractility and causes ... Oil Pollution Hurts Tuna Hearts, Crude Oil Blocked Key Processes In Fishs Cardiac Cells. By Zoe Mintz @ZoeMintz 02/14/14 AT ... "The ability of a heart cell to beat," Barbara Block, a professor of marine sciences at Stanford University, said in a statement ... "The protein ion channels we observe in the tuna heart cells are similar to what we would find in any vertebrate heart and ...
HOUSE OF HEARTS,CD-JEWEL CASE,BLUES,Released 08/10/1998,Pre-owned:8.99 ...
Heart block is a problem in the electrical signals in the heart. ... Heart block caused by a heart attack or heart surgery may go ... Second-degree heart block; Mobitz type 1; Wenckebachs block; Mobitz type II; Third-degree heart block; Pacemaker - heart block ... Heart block occurs when the electrical signal is slowed down or does not reach the bottom chambers of the heart. Your heart may ... Heart block may be caused by:. *Side effects of medicines. Heart block can be a side effect of digitalis, beta-blockers, ...
Holz of German include 10 wooden hearts in shades of red, pink and orange that fit neatly like a puzzle in a heart-shaped tray ... grimms-wooden-heart-blocks.jpeg?v=1663824824","variant_ids":[11465731521]},"available":true,"name":"Wooden Heart Blocks - Red ... The hearts can be fit snugly inside the frame like a puzzle, or they can be used like building blocks. The 3-piece wooden frame ... See also our Rainbow Wooden Heart Blocks.. Each piece exceeds the size considered a choking hazard as set forth by both US and ...
The Central Minnesota Heart Center at St. Cloud Hospital also known as MN Heart is a comprehensive cardiac care center ... The Heart Center is committed to providing excellent patient care, attracting high-caliber staff and developing state-of-the- ...
Shop this personalized Silver Heart Block Name Necklace from Baltinester Jewelry, Jerusalem. Ready in 2 days. FREE shipping ... The Silver Heart Underline Block Name... The Silver Heart Underline Block Name Necklace makes a perfect gift. Its classic, has ... Silver Heart Underline Block Name Necklace. The Silver Heart Underline Block Name Necklace makes a perfect gift. Its classic, ... Be the first to review "Silver Heart Underline Block Name Necklace" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. ...
Developers plan multi-block redevelopment in the heart of downtown Wilmingtons Soda Pop District WHQR ... Parastream purchased more than three blocks in the district for just over $8 million last week - the deal includes the former ... "the heart of downtown Wilmingtons Soda Pop District." ...
A naturally occurring protein that blocks this inflammatory immune response, known as neonatal NET-inhibitory factor, or nNIF, ... About the American Heart Association The American Heart Association is a relentless force for a world of longer, healthier ... Naturally occurring protein to block inflammatory response improved stroke recovery in mice. American Heart Association Meeting ... To study the effects on stroke, the investigators blocked the formation of NETs in mice. To block NET formation, they ...
Woman Says Apple Watch Saved Her Life: Heart Rate Spike Led Doctors to Blocked Widowmaker Artery. ... After testing, the cardiologist told Feenstra that not only had she unknowingly suffered a recent heart attack, but she was ... "I think God used that watch to alert me to the fact that my heart wasnt functioning properly." ... but then as she thought back on her symptoms and the fact that her older sister died of a heart attack, it started to make some ...
Woo Taewoon Reveals The Heart Breaking Reason He Refused To Debut In Block B. ... Zicos older brother Woo Tae Woon revealed why he did not end up debuting with Block B. ... a little known fact was that he was one of the original members of Zicos group Block B. In an interview with International BNT ...
A beaded heart with a 2mm emerald set in 14k gold is a compliment to the elements in this ensemble. A slide with 14k gold ... A beaded heart with a 2mm emerald set in 14k gold is a compliment to the elements in this ensemble. A slide with 14k gold ...
Heart Blocks - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... What is a heart block? A heart block is a delay or blockage in your hearts conduction system that causes an abnormal heart ... What are the symptoms of a heart block? Most heart blocks dont cause symptoms. If you have a severe heart block, you may feel ... Some people are born with a heart block. Other people develop a heart block later in life. Heart blocks can be caused by damage ...
Copyright © 2023 Stars We Lost. All rights reserved ...
So I present you with quilt block number 5. I got to grandmas late today so we were only able to do one quilt block pattern. ... Now quilt block 5 was supposed to have a basket in it, but I wasnt feeling the basket. We did however find a flag in some of ... Quilt Block 25 & Putting the Quilt Together. To tell you the truth, Ive been chomping at the bit to get this quilt… ... The color I wanted to pull from Quilt block 4 was blue so we decided to do stars and stripes and incorporate hubbys old ...
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This is third degree heart block, also called complete heart block (CHB) or AV dissociation. ... The heart beats through a progression of electrical impulses known as conduction. Heart block occurs when these impulses fail ... There are four main types of heart blocks, also known as conduction disorders: first degree; second degree, type I; second ... Keep these visual references in mind while reviewing your EKG strips and you will soon find that recognizing heart blocks is a ...
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316 Second Degree Heart Block Type I , Heart Blocks , EKG.Academy , Lessons, drills, coaching, quizzes. ... Second Degree Heart Block Type I ECG Interpretation # ... First Degree Heart Block. ✐. Second Degree Heart Block Type I. ... Second Degree Heart Block Type II. Third Degree Heart Block. Quiz Test Questions 316. Sign-in for progress reports & ... Heart Blocks. Second Degree Heart Block Type I ECG Interpretation. Description. *Also known as Wenckebach Phenomenon; second ...
  • For more in-depth clinical information, see Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block . (medscape.com)
  • Michaelsson M, Jonzon A, Riesenfeld T. Isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block in adult life. (medscape.com)
  • The long-term outcome of children with isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block. (medscape.com)
  • Prenatal diagnosis of complete atrioventricular block associated with structural heart disease: combined experience of two tertiary care centers and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Emery-Dreifuss muscc gree atrioventricular block. (who.int)
  • On the ECG there was atrial with a pacemaker being the typical form of flutter with 3:1 atrioventricular block. (who.int)
  • Today I'll be sharing a patchwork heart block tutorial inspired by this quilt from Blue Elephant Stitches . (canoeridgecreations.com)
  • In congestive heart failure, Amiloride Hydrochloride may be effective alone, but its principal indication is for concomitant use in patients receiving thiazides or more potent diuretic agents. (janusinfo.se)
  • Third-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, also referred to as third-degree heart block or complete heart block (CHB), is an abnormal heart rhythm resulting from a defect in the cardiac conduction system in which there is no conduction through the atrioventricular node (AVN), leading to complete dissociation of the atria and ventricles. (medscape.com)
  • Normally, the heart beat starts in an area in the top chambers of the heart (atria). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The atria are the two upper chambers in your heart. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Special pacemaker cells in a part of the atria called the SA node (sinoatrial node) send out regular electrical signals to your heart muscle to make it contract. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The AV node controls how signals pass from the upper chambers of your heart (atria) to the lower chambers (ventricles). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Heart block occurs when these impulses fail to transit from the atria to the ventricles or there is a delay in conduction. (elitelearning.com)
  • Third-degree AV block can be either congenital or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] The grandfather presented with phocomelia of arms, with three digits on each hand, congenital heart defect, and narrow shoulders. (medscape.com)
  • His son presented with cardiac conduction disturbance with no congenital heart or skeletal defect. (medscape.com)
  • Yan J, Varma SK, Malhotra A, Menahem S. Congenital complete heart block: single tertiary centre experience. (medscape.com)
  • Identification and management of fetuses at risk for, or affected by, congenital heart block associated with autoantibodies to SSA (Ro), SSB (La), or an HsEg5-like autoantigen. (medscape.com)
  • Anti-SSA/Ro antibodies and the heart: more than complete congenital heart block? (medscape.com)
  • Anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibody-mediated congenital heart block. (medscape.com)
  • Utility of cardiac monitoring in fetuses at risk for congenital heart block: the PR Interval and Dexamethasone Evaluation (PRIDE) prospective study. (medscape.com)
  • Heart block occurs when slowing or complete block of this conduction occurs. (medscape.com)
  • Heart block occurs when the electrical signal is slowed down or does not reach the bottom chambers of the heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An AV block occurs at or near the AV node. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A bundle branch block occurs in the fiber bundles of the conduction system in your ventricles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Check out Canoe Ridge Creations for this tutorial and assembly guide for one patchwork heart block , a good way to use up fabric scraps. (makezine.com)
  • If I you make a block using this tutorial feel free to share it in the Canoe Ridge Creations flickr group . (canoeridgecreations.com)
  • Initial triage of patients with complete heart block consists of determining symptoms, assessing vital signs, and looking for evidence of compromised peripheral perfusion. (medscape.com)
  • The symptoms may be different for first, second, and third degree heart block. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most often, you would not have any symptoms for first degree heart block. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diane Feenstra of Norton Shores, Michigan, had a close brush with death earlier this year, but thanks to a gadget she received for her birthday, she's here to tell the tale and warn other women of the lesser-known symptoms of a heart attack. (ijr.com)
  • At first, Feenstra couldn't believe it, but then as she thought back on her symptoms and the fact that her older sister died of a heart attack, it started to make some sense. (ijr.com)
  • Your provider may send you to a heart doctor (cardiologist) to check for or further evaluate heart block. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After testing, the cardiologist told Feenstra that not only had she unknowingly suffered a recent heart attack , but she was poised to experience a "widowmaker" heart attack because her left anterior descending artery had a blockage. (ijr.com)
  • this is a novel mutation, in that it is associated with a gain-of-function mechanism and is associated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and no structural heart disease. (medscape.com)
  • Electrocardiogram from patient in complete heart block. (medscape.com)
  • You may not know you have heart block until it shows up on a test called an electrocardiogram (ECG) . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Heart palpitations -- Palpitations are when your heart feels like it is pounding, beating irregularly, or racing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • On electrocardiography (ECG), complete heart block is represented by QRS complexes being conducted at their own rate and totally independent of the P waves (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Interventions that address block weight and course height may be effective for masons. (cdc.gov)
  • Just the other day I was wishing I had a good pattern for a heart quilt. (makezine.com)
  • The color I wanted to pull from Quilt block 4 was blue so we decided to do stars and stripes and incorporate hubby's old uniform. (midwesternatheart.com)
  • Now quilt block 5 was supposed to have a basket in it, but I wasn't feeling the basket. (midwesternatheart.com)
  • So I present you with quilt block number 5. (midwesternatheart.com)
  • I got to grandma's late today so we were only able to do one quilt block pattern. (midwesternatheart.com)
  • You can finish your block anyway you like -- make a pillow, mini quilt, or make more blocks & make yourself a lovely Valentine's Day Quilt. (canoeridgecreations.com)
  • Occasionally, first-degree AV block may be associated with other conduction disturbances, including bundle-branch block and fascicular blocks (bifascicular or trifascicular block). (medscape.com)
  • Medical treatment of complete heart block is limited to patients with conduction disease in the AVN. (medscape.com)
  • Knowing the molecular make-up and activity of a protein is critical to understanding heart failure because these problem-specific biochemical reactions are magnified in the disease," said senior study investigator Jennifer Van Eyk, Ph.D., a professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and its Heart and Vascular Institute. (medindia.net)
  • The Central Minnesota Heart Center at St. Cloud Hospital also known as MN Heart is a comprehensive cardiac care center dedicated to the discovery, management and control of cardiac disease in the adult population. (mnheart.com)
  • AV block results from various pathologic states causing infiltration, fibrosis, or loss of connection in portions of the healthy conduction system. (medscape.com)
  • The conduction system carries the pacemaker signals from the SA node to the rest of your heart. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A heart block can occur in any part of the conduction system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Doctors group heart blocks based on what part of the conduction system is involved and how severe they are. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In particular, the physical examination findings of patients with third-degree AV block will be notable for bradycardia, which can be severe. (medscape.com)
  • At relatively higher concentrations, the effects on a developing fish heart are severe in that the heart muscle cannot do its job, or becomes deformed -- those fish will die," study co-author Nathaniel Scholz told the Los Angeles Times . (ibtimes.com)
  • First-degree heart block is the mildest type and third-degree is the most severe. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most patients whose heart block is not otherwise treatable will require placement of a permanent pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). (medscape.com)
  • If you have second- or third-degree heart block, you may need a pacemaker to help your heart beat regularly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sometimes, if the heart block is expected to resolve in a day or so, a temporary pacemaker will be used. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Instead a wire may be inserted through a vein and directed to the heart and connected to the pacemaker. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tissue sections of hearts after myocardial infarction. (mpg.de)
  • The tissue was taken from the hearts of wild bluefin tuna and yellowfin tuna that have been held captive at the Tuna Research Conservation Center in Pacific Grove, Calif., and at the nearby Monterey Bay Aquarium. (ibtimes.com)
  • Previous research showed this most common type of stroke, caused by a blocked blood vessel in the brain, is associated with inflammation that can further damage brain tissue. (heart.org)
  • The Silver Heart Underline Block Name Necklace makes a perfect gift. (baltinesterjewelry.com)
  • In addition, two extra decoration elements can be seen on this necklace: the underline and the heart. (baltinesterjewelry.com)
  • This beautiful 14K 2-Heart 2-Strand Necklace was made in Italy for superior craftsmanship and quality. (aroundtheblock.com)
  • This raises the possibility that exposure to environmental PAHs in many animals -- including humans -- could lead to cardiac arrhythmias and bradycardia, or slowing of the heart. (ibtimes.com)
  • Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research in Bad Nauheim have now discovered that the two micro RNA molecules miR-1 and miR-133 in the adult heart inactivate two genes that normally force cell division. (mpg.de)
  • The two molecules, oncostatin M receptor and FGF receptor 1, control the division activity of heart muscle cells in the adult heart,' says Thomas Böttger, one of the lead authors of the study. (mpg.de)
  • New heart muscle cells produced by cell division could disrupt this physiological process and cause the heart to become out of sync. (mpg.de)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine whether one such intervention, the use of light-weight concrete blocks (LWBs), reduces physiological loads compared to standard-weight blocks (SWBs). (cdc.gov)
  • If these molecules are switched off, the heart was less damaged after a heart attack in experiments with mice. (mpg.de)
  • Scientists from Thomas Braun's department at the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research in Bad Nauheim have now been able to show in mice that one such mechanism involves two so-called micro-RNAs, miR-1 and miR-133a. (mpg.de)
  • In their studies on genetically modified mice, the Bad Nauheim researchers also found that in animals in which miR-1/133a was switched off, the heart muscle cells coped much better with hypoxia conditions (oxygen depletion), such as those that exist after a heart attack. (mpg.de)
  • A naturally occurring protein that blocks this inflammatory immune response, known as neonatal NET-inhibitory factor, or nNIF, was associated with better stroke recovery in a study conducted in mice. (heart.org)
  • DALLAS, Sept. 22, 2021 - A naturally occurring protein that blocks an inflammatory immune response was associated with better stroke recovery in a study conducted in mice, according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association's Vascular Discovery: From Genes to Medicine Scientific Sessions 2021. (heart.org)
  • To study the effects on stroke, the investigators blocked the formation of NETs in mice. (heart.org)
  • It gives off electrical signals to make your heart beat at a regular rate and rhythm. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, we found that these animals developed a much smaller scar on the heart muscle after experimentally induced myocardial infarction. (mpg.de)
  • First-degree AV block is a condition in which a 1:1 relationship exists between the P waves and QRS complexes, but the PR interval is longer than 200 msec. (medscape.com)
  • In the Mobitz I second-degree AV block, the PR interval is prolonged until the P wave is not followed by a QRS complex. (medscape.com)
  • The team showed how the enzyme, phosphodiesterase 5, or PDE5A, involved in heart failure, slows down the breakdown of another vital compound called, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), which is critical to cell growth and muscle contraction. (medindia.net)
  • In the heart, normal impulse initiation begins in the sinoatrial node (SAN). (medscape.com)
  • The heart may miss a beat or beats and may be slow and irregular. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your heart rate is how fast your heart beats. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The heart beats through a progression of electrical impulses known as conduction. (elitelearning.com)
  • Targeted drug therapies can now be developed and tested to work specifically on cysteine 181, to block the PDE5A enzyme, lower the breakdown of cyclic GMP, and potentially stall progression of heart failure and hypertrophy," she added. (medindia.net)
  • The electrical signals travel to the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The electrical impulse may not reach the lower chambers of the heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The electrical signal does not move to the lower chambers of the heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ventricles are the two lower chambers in your heart. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. (who.int)
  • The heart consists of many individual heart muscle cells that are electrically interconnected and represent a functional unit. (mpg.de)
  • In a breakthrough study, scientists at Johns Hopkins have mapped out a key chemical step involved in blocking enzyme action in heart failure. (medindia.net)
  • American scientists behind the phase I clinical trial of gene therapy for heart failure patients. (medindia.net)
  • Scientists studied tuna heart tissues in labs and found that polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- a chemical found in crude oil -- can block important cellular pathways. (ibtimes.com)
  • The heart and blood vessels are part of your cardiovascular system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The study was presented at the American Heart Association's annual Scientific Sessions in New Orleans. (medindia.net)
  • Heart block is a problem in the electrical signals in the heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Do an ECG test to check the electrical signals in your heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recommend that you may need to wear a heart monitor for 24 to 48 hours or longer to check the electrical signals in your heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 2 ]. Cardiac involvement can present with erally held in a semiflexed position, and the heart block, frequently inclate 20c or early child typically begins walking on tiptoe [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • This unique wooden puzzle contains 10 Wooden Heart Blocks in shades of red, pink, and orange to delight children, young and old! (bellalunatoys.com)
  • Stored neatly in the included heart-shaped wooden tray, each heart varies in size, shape, and thickness. (bellalunatoys.com)
  • See also our Rainbow Wooden Heart Blocks . (bellalunatoys.com)
  • More than pleased with these remarkable wooden blocks and their quality as well as such speedy service. (royalkraft.com)
  • Buy Royal kraft Handcrafted Design Heart Brass Wooden Block at guaranteed low price and find exciting online sale deals of wooden printing blocks from vriksh timber govt. (royalkraft.com)
  • The individual cells are interconnected via cell-cell contacts so that the electrical excitation conduction necessary for heart contraction can take place in a controlled manner. (mpg.de)
  • What we found was that oil blocked key processes in the cardiac cells involved with linking excitation to contraction, which means that beat to beat, we slowed the heart cells down and we also decreased their contractility," Block told BBC. (ibtimes.com)
  • The protein ion channels we observe in the tuna heart cells are similar to what we would find in any vertebrate heart and provide evidence as to how petroleum products may be negatively impacting cardiac function in a wide variety of animals," Block said. (ibtimes.com)
  • To block NET formation, they administered a naturally occurring protein called nNIF, for neonatal NET-inhibitory factor, found in human umbilical cord blood. (heart.org)
  • But when we look at them later in life, we find they have changes in the shapes of their hearts, with corresponding impacts on their ability to swim. (ibtimes.com)
  • Other people develop a heart block later in life. (msdmanuals.com)
  • People make the city - that's why the NEW HEART on the Block is giving the best back to the city's people. (new-heart.de)
  • I just fell in love with your heart tutorial and will now have to make this - for me. (canoeridgecreations.com)
  • Traditionally, this type of AV block is divided into two main subcategories, Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) and Mobitz type II. (medscape.com)
  • The treatment for heart block depends on the type of heart block you have and the cause. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This repeating pattern is second degree, type I block, also called Mobitz I or Wenckebach. (elitelearning.com)
  • This is a second degree, type II block, also called Mobitz II (but not Wenckebach II). (elitelearning.com)
  • Effect of concrete block weight and wall height on electromyographic activity and heart rate of masons. (cdc.gov)
  • Surface electromyography (EMG), from arm and back muscles, and heart rate was sampled. (cdc.gov)
  • There were no significant differences in heart rate between the two blocks. (cdc.gov)
  • Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood through your body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Your heart pumps blood through your blood vessels Blood carries oxygen and nutrients. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The signals must get to all your heart muscle cells at just the right time so your heart gives a good, strong beat that pumps blood properly. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood through your body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Heart Attack A heart attack is when blood flow to part of your heart is suddenly blocked and some of your heart muscle dies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • I had difficulty breathing, a racing heart, and extremely low blood pressure. (cdc.gov)
  • This keeps the heart beat steady and regular. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your heart should always have a regular, rhythmic beat, like the ticking of a clock. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The first, and sometimes most important, medical treatment for heart block is the withdrawal of any potentially aggravating or causative medications. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of third-degree AV block is based on the level of the block. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, atrioventricular (AV) block can be classified into first-, second-, and third-degree block. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, first-degree AV block represents delay or slowing of conduction. (medscape.com)
  • Second-degree AV block exists when more P waves than QRS complexes are seen on the ECG, but a relationship between the P waves and QRS complexes still exists. (medscape.com)
  • Some normal people, will have a first degree block especially at rest or when asleep. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the future, miR-1 and miR-133 could be used to specifically switch on cell division in the heart, for example to stimulate heart muscle regeneration after a heart attack. (mpg.de)
  • The reason for this could be that the individual heart muscle cells are permanently and very closely connected to form a so-called electrical syncytium. (mpg.de)
  • The disadvantage: if parts of the heart muscle are damaged, as is the case with a heart attack, for example, the heart lacks the self-healing powers. (mpg.de)
  • It can be assumed that the suppression of cell division in heart muscle cells is regulated in various ways. (mpg.de)
  • We found that miR-1/133a suppresses two receptors on heart muscle cells. (mpg.de)
  • To investigate the background in more detail, the Max Planck researchers used heart muscle cells in which miR-1/133a could be temporarily inactivated by genetic engineering. (mpg.de)
  • In the experiment, the heart muscle cells from miR-1/133a knockout animals showed higher viability and survival in hypoxia,' Valussi said. (mpg.de)
  • In this case, the heart muscle cells lost the ability to contract due to the unchecked activity of the two receptors and the animals suffered heart failure. (mpg.de)
  • point of view, the study shows that temporarily switching off miR-1/133a is an approach to enable the regeneration of a damaged heart muscle. (mpg.de)
  • Biology of the Heart The heart is a hollow organ made of muscle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The provider will check you for signs of heart failure, such as swollen ankles and feet. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The organism is transmitted via airborne route and can cause respiratory obstruction and heart failure because of the exotoxin it produces. (who.int)
  • A visit to the local urgent care and an EKG later and the doctor gave her four baby aspirin and told her to chew them immediately, and then sent her to Meijer Heart Center. (ijr.com)
  • 2. Using a 1/4" seam allowance sew the block, first into rows (A). Press seams open. (canoeridgecreations.com)
  • Using a repeated measures design, 21 masons each constructed two 32-block walls, seven courses (rows) high, entirely of either SWBs or LWBs. (cdc.gov)
  • The ability of a heart cell to beat," Barbara Block, a professor of marine sciences at Stanford University, said in a statement , "depends on its capacity to move essential ions like potassium and calcium into and out of the cells quickly. (ibtimes.com)
  • Heart block may resolve on its own, or it may be permanent and require treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recognizing the nuances of each block is essential for correctly identifying the disorder and initiating the correct treatment modality. (elitelearning.com)