Health services research. Medical search

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Those individuals engaged in research.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

Financial support of research activities.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

Disciplines concerned with the interrelationships of individuals in a social environment including social organizations and institutions. Includes Sociology and Anthropology.

A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to VETERANS. It was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.

Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

The comparative and theoretical study of culture, often synonymous with cultural anthropology.

The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.

The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE established in 1990 to "provide indexing, abstracting, translating, publishing, and other services leading to a more effective and timely dissemination of information on research, demonstration projects, and evaluations with respect to health care to public and private entities and individuals engaged in the improvement of health care delivery..." It supersedes the National Center for Health Services Research. The United States Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was renamed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) under the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999.

The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the aged and the maintenance of health in the elderly.

Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

Hospitals providing medical care to veterans of wars.

Lists of persons or organizations, systematically arranged, usually in alphabetic or classed order, giving address, affiliations, etc., for individuals, and giving address, officers, functions, and similar data for organizations. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the "Common Rule" (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.

An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Organized services to provide health care for children.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

The field of information science concerned with the analysis and dissemination of medical data through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine.

The broad dissemination of new ideas, procedures, techniques, materials, and devices and the degree to which these are accepted and used.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.

A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution.

Conduct and synthesis of systematic research comparing interventions and strategies to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor health conditions. The purpose of this research is to inform patients, providers, and decision-makers, responding to their expressed needs, about which interventions are most effective for which patients under specific circumstances. (hhs.gov/recovery/programs/cer/draftdefinition.html accessed 6/12/2009)

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.

Process of substituting a symbol or code for a term such as a diagnosis or procedure. (from Slee's Health Care Terms, 3d ed.)

Communication, in the sense of cross-fertilization of ideas, involving two or more academic disciplines (such as the disciplines that comprise the cross-disciplinary field of bioethics, including the health and biological sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences and law). Also includes problems in communication stemming from differences in patterns of language usage in different academic or medical disciplines.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Organized systems for providing comprehensive prepaid health care that have five basic attributes: (1) provide care in a defined geographic area; (2) provide or ensure delivery of an agreed-upon set of basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services; (3) provide care to a voluntarily enrolled group of persons; (4) require their enrollees to use the services of designated providers; and (5) receive reimbursement through a predetermined, fixed, periodic prepayment made by the enrollee without regard to the degree of services provided. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

Research carried out by nurses, generally in clinical settings, in the areas of clinical practice, evaluation, nursing education, nursing administration, and methodology.

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.

Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years.

Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

The state wherein the person is well adjusted.

The organization and administration of health services dedicated to the delivery of health care.

Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.

A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

Nurses professionally qualified in administration.

Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.

Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.

Management of public health organizations or agencies.

The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.

Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Health care provided to specific cultural or tribal peoples which incorporates local customs, beliefs, and taboos.

A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Community health and NURSING SERVICES providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's homes. These home-care services are provided by a visiting nurse, home health agencies, HOSPITALS, or organized community groups using professional staff for care delivery. It differs from HOME NURSING which is provided by non-professionals.

Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.

Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures, within organizations and among different organizations and sectors to meet present and future needs.

Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.

Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.

A division of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that is responsible for the public health and the provision of medical services to NATIVE AMERICANS in the United States, primarily those residing on reservation lands.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

A course of study offered by an educational institution.

An agency of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to advancement of medical and related sciences. Major activities of this institute include the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information important to the progress of medicine and health, research in medical informatics and support for medical library development.

The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

The status of health in rural populations.

The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.

Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.

Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.

Services designed to promote, maintain, or restore dental health.

Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.

Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)

An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies, south of Florida. With the adjacent islands it forms the Republic of Cuba. Its capital is Havana. It was discovered by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492 and conquered by Spain in 1511. It has a varied history under Spain, Great Britain, and the United States but has been independent since 1902. The name Cuba is said to be an Indian name of unknown origin but the language that gave the name is extinct, so the etymology is a conjecture. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p302 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p132)

A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.

The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.

Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement.

The moral obligations governing the conduct of research. Used for discussions of research ethics as a general topic.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or neighborhood.

Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.

Health care provided to individuals.

The status of health in urban populations.

Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.

Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.

Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.

Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.

The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.

The physical condition of human reproductive systems.

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

All organized methods of funding.

Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs.

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to mothers and children.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The application of discoveries generated by laboratory research and preclinical studies to the development of clinical trials and studies in humans. A second area of translational research concerns enhancing the adoption of best practices.

Organized services for the purpose of providing diagnosis to promote and maintain health.

Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.

The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies.

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation.

Process of shifting publicly controlled services and/or facilities to the private sector.

Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups.

An operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to health and medical research. Until 1995, it was an agency of the United States PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.

The interactions between members of a community and representatives of the institutions within that community.

Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.

Collaborative process of research involving researchers and community representatives.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

A nursing specialty concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations, using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to develop local, regional, state, and national health policy and research. It is population-focused and community-oriented, aimed at health promotion and disease prevention through educational, diagnostic, and preventive programs.

State plans prepared by the State Health Planning and Development Agencies which are made up from plans submitted by the Health Systems Agencies and subject to review and revision by the Statewide Health Coordinating Council.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.

Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients.

A general concept referring to the organization and administration of nursing activities.

An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.

Professions or other business activities directed to the cure and prevention of disease. For occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians but who are working in the fields of medical technology, physical therapy, etc., ALLIED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS is available.

A geographic location which has insufficient health resources (manpower and/or facilities) to meet the medical needs of the resident population.

Health insurance plans for employees, and generally including their dependents, usually on a cost-sharing basis with the employer paying a percentage of the premium.

An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, professional services furnished, and to evaluate the medical necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.

Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)

Media that facilitate transportability of pertinent information concerning patient's illness across varied providers and geographic locations. Some versions include direct linkages to online consumer health information that is relevant to the health conditions and treatments related to a specific patient.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.

Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons.

Practice patterns, case mix, Medicare payment policy, and dialysis facility costs. (1/4753)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of case mix, practice patterns, features of the payment system, and facility characteristics on the cost of dialysis. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: The nationally representative sample of dialysis units in the 1991 U.S. Renal Data System's Case Mix Adequacy (CMA) Study. The CMA data were merged with data from Medicare Cost Reports, HCFA facility surveys, and HCFA's end-stage renal disease patient registry. STUDY DESIGN: We estimated a statistical cost function to examine the determinants of costs at the dialysis unit level. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The relationship between case mix and costs was generally weak. However, dialysis practices (type of dialysis membrane, membrane reuse policy, and treatment duration) did have a significant effect on costs. Further, facilities whose payment was constrained by HCFA's ceiling on the adjustment for area wage rates incurred higher costs than unconstrained facilities. The costs of hospital-based units were considerably higher than those of freestanding units. Among chain units, only members of one of the largest national chains exhibited significant cost savings relative to independent facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Little evidence showed that adjusting dialysis payment to account for differences in case mix across facilities would be necessary to ensure access to care for high-cost patients or to reimburse facilities equitably for their costs. However, current efforts to increase dose of dialysis may require higher payments. Longer treatments appear to be the most economical method of increasing the dose of dialysis. Switching to more expensive types of dialysis membranes was a more costly means of increasing dose and hence must be justified by benefits beyond those of higher dose. Reusing membranes saved money, but the savings were insufficient to offset the costs associated with using more expensive membranes. Most, but not all, of the higher costs observed in hospital-based units appear to reflect overhead cost allocation rather than a difference in real resources devoted to treatment. The economies experienced by the largest chains may provide an explanation for their recent growth in market share. The heterogeneity of results by chain size implies that characterizing units using a simple chain status indicator variable is inadequate. Cost differences by facility type and the effects of the ongoing growth of large chains are worthy of continued monitoring to inform both payment policy and antitrust enforcement. (+info)

Incidence and duration of hospitalizations among persons with AIDS: an event history approach. (2/4753)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze hospitalization patterns of persons with AIDS (PWAs) in a multi-state/multi-episode continuous time duration framework. DATA SOURCES: PWAs on Medicaid identified through a match between the state's AIDS Registry and Medicaid eligibility files; hospital admission and discharge dates identified through Medicaid claims. STUDY DESIGN: Using a Weibull event history framework, we model the hazard of transition between hospitalized and community spells, incorporating the competing risk of death in each of these states. Simulations are used to translate these parameters into readily interpretable estimates of length of stay, the probability that a hospitalization will end in death, and the probability that a nonhospitalized person will be hospitalized within 90 days. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In multivariate analyses, participation in a Medicaid waiver program offering case management and home care was associated with hospital stays 1.3 days shorter than for nonparticipants. African American race and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with hospital stays 1.2 days and 1.0 day longer than for non-Hispanic whites; African Americans also experienced more frequent hospital admissions. Residents of the high-HIV-prevalence area of the state had more frequent admissions and stays two days longer than those residing elsewhere in the state. Older PWAs experienced less frequent hospital admissions but longer stays, with hospitalizations of 55-year-olds lasting 8.25 days longer than those of 25-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: Much socioeconomic and geographic variability exists both in the incidence and in the duration of hospitalization among persons with AIDS in New Jersey. Event history analysis provides a useful statistical framework for analysis of these variations, deals appropriately with data in which duration of observation varies from individual to individual, and permits the competing risk of death to be incorporated into the model. Transition models of this type have broad applicability in modeling the risk and duration of hospitalization in chronic illnesses. (+info)

Making Medicaid managed care research relevant. (3/4753)

OBJECTIVE: To help researchers better understand Medicaid managed care and the kinds of research studies that will be both feasible and of value to policymakers and program staff. The article builds on our experience researching Medicaid managed care to provide insight for researchers who want to be policy relevant. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We draw four lessons from our work on Medicaid managed care in seven states. First, these are complex programs that differ substantially across states. Second, each program faces common challenges and issues. The need to address common design elements involving program eligibility, managed care and provider contracting, beneficiary enrollment, education, marketing, and administration and oversight provides a vehicle that researchers can use to help understand states and to provide them with relevant insight. Third, well-designed case studies can provide invaluable descriptive insights. Such case studies suggest that providing effective descriptions of state programs and experience, monitoring information on program performance and tradeoffs, and insight on implementation and design are all valuable products of such studies that have considerable potential to be converted into policy-actionable advice. And fourth, some questions demand impact studies but the structure of Medicaid managed care poses major barriers to such studies. CONCLUSIONS: Many challenges confront researchers seeking to develop policy-relevant research on managed care. Researchers need to confront these challenges in turn by developing second-best approaches that will provide timely insight into important questions in a relatively defensible and rigorous way in the face of many constraints. If researchers do not, others will, and researchers may find their contributions limited in important areas for policy debate. (+info)

A taxonomy of health networks and systems: bringing order out of chaos. (4/4753)

OBJECTIVE: To use existing theory and data for empirical development of a taxonomy that identifies clusters of organizations sharing common strategic/structural features. DATA SOURCES: Data from the 1994 and 1995 American Hospital Association Annual Surveys, which provide extensive data on hospital involvement in hospital-led health networks and systems. STUDY DESIGN: Theories of organization behavior and industrial organization economics were used to identify three strategic/structural dimensions: differentiation, which refers to the number of different products/services along a healthcare continuum; integration, which refers to mechanisms used to achieve unity of effort across organizational components; and centralization, which relates to the extent to which activities take place at centralized versus dispersed locations. These dimensions were applied to three components of the health service/product continuum: hospital services, physician arrangements, and provider-based insurance activities. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS: We identified 295 health systems and 274 health networks across the United States in 1994, and 297 health systems and 306 health networks in 1995 using AHA data. Empirical measures aggregated individual hospital data to the health network and system level. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We identified a reliable, internally valid, and stable four-cluster solution for health networks and a five-cluster solution for health systems. We found that differentiation and centralization were particularly important in distinguishing unique clusters of organizations. High differentiation typically occurred with low centralization, which suggests that a broader scope of activity is more difficult to centrally coordinate. Integration was also important, but we found that health networks and systems typically engaged in both ownership-based and contractual-based integration or they were not integrated at all. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we were able to classify approximately 70 percent of hospital-led health networks and 90 percent of hospital-led health systems into well-defined organizational clusters. Given the widespread perception that organizational change in healthcare has been chaotic, our research suggests that important and meaningful similarities exist across many evolving organizations. The resulting taxonomy provides a new lexicon for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare executives for characterizing key strategic and structural features of evolving organizations. The taxonomy also provides a framework for future inquiry about the relationships between organizational strategy, structure, and performance, and for assessing policy issues, such as Medicare Provider Sponsored Organizations, antitrust, and insurance regulation. (+info)

Organizational and environmental factors associated with nursing home participation in managed care. (5/4753)

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a model, based on resource dependence theory, that identifies the organizational and environmental characteristics associated with nursing home participation in managed care. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING: Data for statistical analysis derived from a survey of Directors of Nursing in a sample of nursing homes in eight states (n = 308). These data were merged with data from the On-line Survey Certification and Reporting System, the Medicare Managed Care State/County Data File, and the 1995 Area Resource File. STUDY DESIGN: Since the dependent variable is dichotomous, the logistic procedure was used to fit the regression. The analysis was weighted using SUDAAN. FINDINGS: Participation in a provider network, higher proportions of resident care covered by Medicare, providing IV therapy, greater availability of RNs and physical therapists, and Medicare HMO market penetration are associated with a greater likelihood of having a managed care contract. CONCLUSION: As more Medicare recipients enroll in HMOs, nursing home involvement in managed care is likely to increase. Interorganizational linkages enhance the likelihood of managed care participation. Nursing homes interested in managed care should consider upgrading staffing and providing at least some subacute services. (+info)

Explicit guidelines for qualitative research: a step in the right direction, a defence of the 'soft' option, or a form of sociological imperialism? (6/4753)

Within the context of health service research, qualitative research has sometimes been seen as a 'soft' approach, lacking scientific rigour. In order to promote the legitimacy of using qualitative methodology in this field, numerous social scientists have produced checklists, guidelines or manuals for researchers to follow when conducting and writing up qualitative work. However, those working in the health service should be aware that social scientists are not all in agreement about the way in which qualitative work should be conducted, and they should not be discouraged from conducting qualitative research simply because they do not possess certain technical skills or extensive training in sociology, anthropology or psychology. The proliferation of guidelines and checklists may be off-putting to people who want to undertake this sort of research, and they may also make it even more difficult for researchers to publish work in medical journals. Consequently, the very people who may be in a position to change medical practice may never read the results of important qualitative research. (+info)

The future of managed care organization. (7/4753)

This paper analyzes the transformation of the central organization in the managed care system: the multiproduct, multimarket health plan. It examines vertical disintegration, the shift from ownership to contractual linkages between plans and provider organizations, and horizontal integration--the consolidation of erstwhile indemnity carriers, Blue Cross plans, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and specialty networks. Health care consumers differ widely in their preferences and willingness to pay for particular products and network characteristics, while providers differ widely in their willingness to adopt particular organization and financing structures. This heterogeneity creates an enduring role for health plans that are diversified into multiple networks, benefit products, distribution channels, and geographic regions. Diversification now is driving health plans toward being national, full-service corporations and away from being local, single-product organizations linked to particular providers and selling to particular consumer niches. (+info)

Commercialization of BRCA1/2 testing: practitioner awareness and use of a new genetic test. (8/4753)

It was our purpose to determine the characteristics of practitioners in the United States who were among the first to inquire about and use the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genetic tests outside of a research protocol. Questionnaires were mailed to all practitioners who requested information on or ordered a BRCA1/2 test from the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Genetic Diagnostics Laboratory (GDL) between October 1, 1995 and January 1, 1997 (the first 15 months the test was available for clinical use). The response rate was 67% of practitioners; 54% (121/225) were genetic counselors, 39% (87/225) were physicians or lab directors. Most physicians were oncologists, pathologists, or obstetrician/gynecologists, but 20% practiced surgery or internal or general medicine. Fifty-six percent (125/225) had ordered a BRCA1/2 test for a patient; most of the rest had offered or were willing to offer testing. Of those who had offered testing, 70% had a patient decline BRCA1/2 testing when offered. Practitioners perceived that patients' fear of loss of confidentiality was a major reason for declining. Nearly 60% of practitioners reported that their patients had access to a genetic counselor, but 28% of physicians who ordered a BRCA1/2 test reported having no such access, despite the GDL's counseling requirement. The proportion of physicians reporting no access to genetic counselors for their patients increased from 22.4% in the first half of the study to 50% in the last half. Many practitioners have an interest in BRCA1/2 testing, despite policy statements that discourage its use outside of research protocols. Practitioner responses suggest that patient interest in testing seems to be tempered by knowledge of potential risks. An apparent increase in patient concern about confidentiality and inability to pay for testing could indicate growing barriers to testing. Although most practitioners reported having access to counseling facilities, perceived lack of such access among an increasing proportion of practitioners indicates that lab requirements for counseling are difficult to enforce and suggests that an increasing proportion of patients may not be getting access to counseling. (+info)

Some common types of mental disorders include:

1. Anxiety disorders: These conditions cause excessive worry, fear, or anxiety that interferes with daily life. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
2. Mood disorders: These conditions affect a person's mood, causing feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or anger that persist for weeks or months. Examples include depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder.
3. Personality disorders: These conditions involve patterns of thought and behavior that deviate from the norm of the average person. Examples include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.
4. Psychotic disorders: These conditions cause a person to lose touch with reality, resulting in delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking. Examples include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder.
5. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: These conditions develop after a person experiences a traumatic event, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
6. Dissociative disorders: These conditions involve a disconnection or separation from one's body, thoughts, or emotions. Examples include dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) and depersonalization disorder.
7. Neurodevelopmental disorders: These conditions affect the development of the brain and nervous system, leading to symptoms such as difficulty with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Rett syndrome.

Mental disorders can be diagnosed by a mental health professional using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which provides criteria for each condition. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or psychodynamic therapy, depending on the specific disorder and individual needs.

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

In this article, we will explore the definition and impact of chronic diseases, as well as strategies for managing and living with them. We will also discuss the importance of early detection and prevention, as well as the role of healthcare providers in addressing the needs of individuals with chronic diseases.

What is a Chronic Disease?

A chronic disease is a condition that lasts for an extended period of time, often affecting daily life and activities. Unlike acute diseases, which have a specific beginning and end, chronic diseases are long-term and persistent. Examples of chronic diseases include:

1. Diabetes
2. Heart disease
3. Arthritis
4. Asthma
5. Cancer
6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
7. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
8. Hypertension
9. Osteoporosis
10. Stroke

Impact of Chronic Diseases

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the WHO. In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

Chronic diseases can also have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, limiting their ability to participate in activities they enjoy and affecting their relationships with family and friends. Moreover, the financial burden of chronic diseases can lead to poverty and reduce economic productivity, thus having a broader societal impact.

Addressing Chronic Diseases

Given the significant burden of chronic diseases, it is essential that we address them effectively. This requires a multi-faceted approach that includes:

1. Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging healthy behaviors such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and smoking cessation can help prevent and manage chronic diseases.
2. Early detection and diagnosis: Identifying risk factors and detecting diseases early can help prevent or delay their progression.
3. Medication management: Effective medication management is crucial for controlling symptoms and slowing disease progression.
4. Multi-disciplinary care: Collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and families is essential for managing chronic diseases.
5. Health promotion and disease prevention: Educating individuals about the risks of chronic diseases and promoting healthy behaviors can help prevent their onset.
6. Addressing social determinants of health: Social determinants such as poverty, education, and employment can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Addressing these factors is essential for reducing health disparities and improving overall health.
7. Investing in healthcare infrastructure: Investing in healthcare infrastructure, technology, and research is necessary to improve disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
8. Encouraging policy change: Policy changes can help create supportive environments for healthy behaviors and reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
9. Increasing public awareness: Raising public awareness about the risks and consequences of chronic diseases can help individuals make informed decisions about their health.
10. Providing support for caregivers: Chronic diseases can have a significant impact on family members and caregivers, so providing them with support is essential for improving overall health outcomes.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases are a major public health burden that affect millions of people worldwide. Addressing these diseases requires a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, addressing social determinants of health, investing in healthcare infrastructure, encouraging policy change, increasing public awareness, and providing support for caregivers. By taking a comprehensive approach to chronic disease prevention and management, we can improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is a condition in which the body is infected with HIV, a type of retrovirus that attacks the body's immune system. HIV infection can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), a condition in which the immune system is severely damaged and the body is unable to fight off infections and diseases.

There are several ways that HIV can be transmitted, including:

1. Sexual contact with an infected person
2. Sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia with an infected person
3. Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. Blood transfusions ( although this is rare in developed countries due to screening processes)
5. Organ transplantation (again, rare)

The symptoms of HIV infection can be mild at first and may not appear until several years after infection. These symptoms can include:

1. Fever
2. Fatigue
3. Swollen glands in the neck, armpits, and groin
4. Rash
5. Muscle aches and joint pain
6. Night sweats
7. Diarrhea
8. Weight loss

If left untreated, HIV infection can progress to AIDS, which is a life-threatening condition that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including:

1. Opportunistic infections (such as pneumocystis pneumonia)
2. Cancer (such as Kaposi's sarcoma)
3. Wasting syndrome
4. Neurological problems (such as dementia and seizures)

HIV infection is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and physical examination. Treatment typically involves antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medications that work together to suppress the virus and slow the progression of the disease.

Prevention methods for HIV infection include:

1. Safe sex practices, such as using condoms and dental dams
2. Avoiding sharing needles or other drug-injecting equipment
3. Avoiding mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is a short-term treatment that can prevent infection after potential exposure to the virus
5. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which is a daily medication that can prevent infection in people who are at high risk of being exposed to the virus.

It's important to note that HIV infection is manageable with proper treatment and care, and that people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives. However, it's important to be aware of the risks and take steps to prevent transmission.

Types of Substance-Related Disorders:

1. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): A chronic disease characterized by the excessive consumption of alcohol, leading to impaired control over drinking, social or personal problems, and increased risk of health issues.
2. Opioid Use Disorder (OUD): A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of opioids, such as prescription painkillers or heroin, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not available.
3. Stimulant Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of stimulants, such as cocaine or amphetamines, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.
4. Cannabis Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of cannabis, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.
5. Hallucinogen Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of hallucinogens, such as LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.

Causes and Risk Factors:

1. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of substance-related disorders are more likely to develop these conditions.
2. Mental health: Individuals with mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, may be more likely to use substances as a form of self-medication.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to substances at an early age, peer pressure, and social environment can increase the risk of developing a substance-related disorder.
4. Brain chemistry: Substance use can alter brain chemistry, leading to dependence and addiction.

Symptoms:

1. Increased tolerance: The need to use more of the substance to achieve the desired effect.
2. Withdrawal: Experiencing symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, or nausea when the substance is not present.
3. Loss of control: Using more substance than intended or for longer than intended.
4. Neglecting responsibilities: Neglecting responsibilities at home, work, or school due to substance use.
5. Continued use despite negative consequences: Continuing to use the substance despite physical, emotional, or financial consequences.

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination: A doctor may perform a physical examination to look for signs of substance use, such as track marks or changes in heart rate and blood pressure.
2. Laboratory tests: Blood or urine tests can confirm the presence of substances in the body.
3. Psychological evaluation: A mental health professional may conduct a psychological evaluation to assess symptoms of substance-related disorders and determine the presence of co-occurring conditions.

Treatment:

1. Detoxification: A medically-supervised detox program can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
2. Medications: Medications such as methadone or buprenorphine may be prescribed to manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.
3. Behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management are effective behavioral therapies for treating substance use disorders.
4. Support groups: Joining a support group such as Narcotics Anonymous can provide a sense of community and support for individuals in recovery.
5. Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.

It's important to note that diagnosis and treatment of substance-related disorders is a complex process and should be individualized based on the specific needs and circumstances of each patient.

Neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Neoplasms can occur in any part of the body and can affect various organs and tissues. The term "neoplasm" is often used interchangeably with "tumor," but while all tumors are neoplasms, not all neoplasms are tumors.

Types of Neoplasms

There are many different types of neoplasms, including:

1. Carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the epithelial cells lining organs and glands. Examples include breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
2. Sarcomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Examples include osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and soft tissue sarcoma.
3. Lymphomas: These are cancers of the immune system, specifically affecting the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Examples include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Leukemias: These are cancers of the blood and bone marrow that affect the white blood cells. Examples include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
5. Melanomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Examples include skin melanoma and eye melanoma.

Causes and Risk Factors of Neoplasms

The exact causes of neoplasms are not fully understood, but there are several known risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing a neoplasm. These include:

1. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be born with genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
2. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as radiation and certain chemicals, can increase the risk of developing a neoplasm.
3. Infection: Some neoplasms are caused by viruses or bacteria. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of cervical cancer.
4. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a poor diet can increase the risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
5. Family history: A person's risk of developing a neoplasm may be higher if they have a family history of the condition.

Signs and Symptoms of Neoplasms

The signs and symptoms of neoplasms can vary depending on the type of cancer and where it is located in the body. Some common signs and symptoms include:

1. Unusual lumps or swelling
2. Pain
3. Fatigue
4. Weight loss
5. Change in bowel or bladder habits
6. Unexplained bleeding
7. Coughing up blood
8. Hoarseness or a persistent cough
9. Changes in appetite or digestion
10. Skin changes, such as a new mole or a change in the size or color of an existing mole.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasms

The diagnosis of a neoplasm usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the suspected tumor and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.

The treatment of neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Some common treatments include:

1. Surgery: Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue can be an effective way to treat many types of cancer.
2. Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
3. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer is located in a specific area of the body.
4. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
5. Targeted therapy: Using drugs or other substances to target specific molecules on cancer cells can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.

Prevention of Neoplasms

While it is not always possible to prevent neoplasms, there are several steps that can reduce the risk of developing cancer. These include:

1. Avoiding exposure to known carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke and radiation)
2. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
3. Getting regular exercise
4. Not smoking or using tobacco products
5. Limiting alcohol consumption
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viruses that are associated with cancer (such as human papillomavirus, or HPV)
7. Participating in screening programs for early detection of cancer (such as mammograms for breast cancer and colonoscopies for colon cancer)
8. Avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight and using protective measures such as sunscreen and hats to prevent skin cancer.

It's important to note that not all cancers can be prevented, and some may be caused by factors that are not yet understood or cannot be controlled. However, by taking these steps, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.

STDs can cause a range of symptoms, including genital itching, burning during urination, unusual discharge, and painful sex. Some STDs can also lead to long-term health problems, such as infertility, chronic pain, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer.

STDs are usually diagnosed through a physical exam, blood tests, or other diagnostic tests. Treatment for STDs varies depending on the specific infection and can include antibiotics, antiviral medication, or other therapies. It's important to practice safe sex, such as using condoms, to reduce the risk of getting an STD.

Some of the most common STDs include:

* Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that can cause genital itching, burning during urination, and unusual discharge.
* Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that can cause similar symptoms to chlamydia.
* Syphilis: A bacterial infection that can cause a painless sore on the genitals, followed by a rash and other symptoms.
* Herpes: A viral infection that can cause genital itching, burning during urination, and painful sex.
* HPV: A viral infection that can cause genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
* HIV/AIDS: A viral infection that can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and weight loss, and can lead to AIDS if left untreated.

It's important to note that some STDs can be spread through non-sexual contact, such as sharing needles or mother-to-child transmission during childbirth. It's also important to know that many STDs can be asymptomatic, meaning you may not have any symptoms even if you are infected.

If you think you may have been exposed to an STD, it's important to get tested as soon as possible. Many STDs can be easily treated with antibiotics or other medications, but if left untreated, they can lead to serious complications and long-term health problems.

It's also important to practice safe sex to reduce the risk of getting an STD. This includes using condoms, as well as getting vaccinated against HPV and Hepatitis B, which are both common causes of STDs.

In addition to getting tested and practicing safe sex, it's important to be aware of your sexual health and the risks associated with sex. This includes being aware of any symptoms you may experience, as well as being aware of your partner's sexual history and any STDs they may have. By being informed and proactive about your sexual health, you can help reduce the risk of getting an STD and maintain good sexual health.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_services_research

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propensity_score_matching

Lam's research program is based on health services research, quality improvement, and data analytics to understand and improve ... "Health services research". Pediatric Neurosurgery. Retrieved 2022-06-15. "About". The Kenya Initiative. Retrieved 2022-06-15. ... She conducts comparative effectiveness research for the treatment of epilepsy with a focus on health policy and advocacy for ... Her research in neuroendoscopy has led to new surgical treatments for patients with intractable epilepsy to have less invasive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandi_Lam

... and served as Associate Chair of Health Services Research in the Department of Emergency Medicine. As a result of her research ... Her research is aimed at studying how health services and regionalization of care impact access to emergency care. Hsia was ... Hsia's research has focused on how organization of health services and regionalization of care impact access to the emergency ... She is a professor of Emergency Medicine and Associate Chair of Health Services Research at the University of California, San ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renee_Hsia

Health Services Research. 41 (4p2): 1576-1598. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00566.x. PMC 1955345. PMID 16898980. Shapiro, M J ( ... Instead of investing research and time in such an endeavor, funding would be better used to test and identify effective means ... Research cannot effectively determine in a reasonable amount of time what minimum level of cohesion is required to avoid ... The research on performance errors caused by team factors is ambiguous and currently, no systematic attempt has been undertaken ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut_organization_in_spaceflight_missions

Health Services Research. 37 (6): 1625-1642. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.01113. PMC 1464043. PMID 12546289. De Nardi M, French E, ... Research funded by the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) has addressed these areas of need. Examples ... Health Services Research. 37 (6): 1625-1642. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.01113. PMC 1464043. PMID 12546289. Last-year-of-life ... and health service costs is not clear, however, there is weak evidence to suggest that this intervention may reduce health care ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-of-life_care

Health Services Research. 37 (2): 433-455. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.031. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 1430361. PMID 12036002. Cacciola, ... US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, ... It is used in a variety of settings such as clinics, mental health services in the US, the Indian Health Service and several ... conditions in both health and social issues. 7 aspects including medical health, employment/ support status, drug and alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_severity_index

Health Services Research. 45 (2): 565-576. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01082.x. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 2838161. PMID 20148984. ... For these reasons, the World Health Assembly recommends development of palliative care in health care systems. Palliative care ... Lima, Liliana De; Pastrana, Tania (2016). "Opportunities for Palliative Care in Public Health". Annual Review of Public Health ... "Oregon Health Authority : Oregon Revised Statute : Death with Dignity Act : State of Oregon". www.oregon.gov. Retrieved 4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_illness

Williams DR (August 1994). "The concept of race in Health Services Research: 1966 to 1990". Health Services Research. 29 (3): ... Health disparities refer to gaps in the quality of health and health care across racial and ethnic groups. The US Health ... "Race" and ethnicity often remain undifferentiated in health research. Differences in health status, health outcomes, life ... Health effects of racism are now a major area of research. In fact, these seem to be the primary research focus in biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_health

Health Research and the Prevention of Genocide". Health Services Research. 39 (6p2): 2027-2051. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004. ... Research also shows that this pressure to conform, also known as the "conformity effect", increases when there is an authority ... The individual-level health of genocide survivors also suffers in the long-term, given that significant trauma has both long- ... Genocide, along with other forms of mass atrocity, is inherently an issue of public health, as it has a significant and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_prevention

... health services; and general research. Examples of applications reported included: designing a parliamentary briefing system, ... the science research stream which emphasizes doing field research and gathering quantitative data, and the people stream, which ... Jackson, Michael C.; Keys, Paul (June 1984). "Towards a system of systems methodologies". Journal of the Operational Research ... Ackoff, Russell Lincoln (February 1979). "The future of operational research is past" (PDF). Journal of the Operational ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_structuring_methods

Green, Carla (2006). "Gender and Use of Substance Abuse Treatment Services" (PDF). Health Services Research. 29 (1): 55-62. ... US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, ... In 1993, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, an initiative developed under the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services ... and focused primarily on alcohol treatment services, rather than drug treatment services. Furthermore, since the female prison ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender-specific_prison_programming_in_the_United_States

Health Services Research. 47 (6): 2353-2376. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2012.01417.x. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 3416972. PMID 22524264. ... poor health services, high rates of teenage pregnancy, and high crime rates. These neighborhoods also experience higher rates ... Improving Collaboration between Community Development and Public Health". Health Affairs. 33 (11): 1948-1957. doi:10.1377/ ... Social Science Research Council. Acevedo-Garcia, D.; McArdle, N.; Hardy, E.F.; Crisan, U.I.; Romano, B.; Norris, D.; Baek, M.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_segregation_in_the_United_States

Health Services Research. 50 (2): 599-613. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12228. PMC 4369224. PMID 25219772. Mazumder, Bhashkar; Miller ... "My plan for Massachusetts health insurance reform". The Boston Globe. "Research on providing health coverage for the uninsured ... The state's Secretary of Health and Human Services, JudyAnn Bigby, said, "Massachusetts' achievements in health care reform ... Fallon Community Health Plan Harvard Pilgrim Health Care (HPHC) Health New England (HNE) Tufts (two separate entities: Tufts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_health_care_reform

Rennie, Drummond (2010-06-01). "Integrity in Scientific Publishing". Health Services Research. 45 (3): 885-896. doi:10.1111/j. ... "ACP announces new Masters and service awardees". acpinternist.org. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2015-06- ... "his outspoken advocacy for the freedom of scientists to publish in the face of efforts to suppress their research." Scholia has ... "for his career-long efforts to promote integrity in scientific research and publishing", recognizing " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drummond_Rennie

"A Systematic Review of Health Care Efficiency Measures". Health Services Research. Wiley-Blackwell. 44 (3): 784-805. doi: ... Health care efficiency measures compare delivery system outputs, such as physician visits, RVU's, or health outcomes, with ... but hospital B may be discharging patients with poorer health that will require readmission and net higher costs to treat. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_efficiency_measures

Health Services Research. 40 (2): 593-7. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.0k375.x. PMC 1361157. PMID 15762909. Wright A, Hannon J, ... The concept of clinically meaningful difference in health-related quality-of-life research: How meaningful is it? ... Over the years great steps have been taken in reporting what really matters in clinical research. A clinical researcher might ... Although this p-value objectified research outcome, using it as a rigid cut off point can have potentially serious consequences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_important_difference

Health Services Research. 40 (5): 1620-1639. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2005.00444.x. PMC 1361216. PMID 16178999. Towards Semantic ... A Case Study of the Impact on Health Services Funding". Health Information Management Journal. 38 (1): 35-46. doi:10.1177/ ... Diagnoses codes are subjected to ethical considerations as they contribute to the total coded medical record in health services ... These decisions also affect clinical documentation by physicians as recommendations from a Health Information Service can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnosis_code

... and smart service systems. In particular, his research focuses on autonomous robotic systems for hazardous environments, C4ISR ... He is the current Vice President of the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) Society. Fink has a B.S. (Vordiplom, 1990) and ... "Wolfgang Fink Named VP of Prognostics and Health Management Society". 23 December 2020. "Welcome to the Visual and Autonomous ... "Wolfgang Fink Named ACABI Fellow for Biomedical Research and Advancements". 2018-02-02. "Wolfgang Fink Named da Vinci Fellow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Fink

The Province's specialization is on services sector (59%) particularly on other services which are both highest among the ... It has promoted research, advanced studies, extension work and progressive leadership in each area of specialization ever since ... College of Health Sciences •Bachelor of Science in Nursing •Bachelor of Science in Midwifery •Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy • ... The Guimaras State University is a public research university in the Philippines. It is mandated to provide undergraduate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimaras_State_University

In the service sector, financial services as well as tourism are the biggest employers. The financial services and insurance ... Knowledge related industries, research and development as well as life sciences have clustered around the university in the ... "Aberdeenshire tops health and wealth living survey". BBC News. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2010. "Stirling's Economic ... Local bus services to districts within the city are almost completely provided by buses operated by McGill's Scotland East. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling

"Pecans as A Health Food". aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu. "Pine Seed Oil". RecipeTips.com. "Virgin pistachio oil". June 19, 2006. ... The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation. Food Additive Status List , FDA Australian Food Additive Codes Portal: Food ( ... "Kapok seed oil - Transport Informations Service". www.tis-gdv.de. "Meadowfoam , Agricultural Marketing Resource Center". www. ... and can be beneficial to health. Bulking agents Bulking agents such as starch are additives that increase the bulk of a food ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_food_additives

"Mental health nurse Deborah Bone, MBE, who inspired Pulp's 'Disco 2000' dies aged 51". Independent.co.uk. Archived from the ... Tory MEP Philip Bradbourn dies aged 63 Memorial service for 'Junkanoo pioneer' Maureen Duvalier on Friday Arthur Gardner dies ... L. Stephen Coles, 73, American scientist, co-founder and the Executive Director of the Gerontology Research Group, pancreatic ... Deborah Bone, 51, English mental health nurse, inspired Disco 2000, multiple myeloma. Antonio Brack Egg, 74, Peruvian ecologist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_December_2014

2015). Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., 566 U.S. 66 (2012). See also Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank Int'l ... a very practical problem accessing fetal DNA without creating a major health risk for the unborn child." In December 2015, the ... Would companies find that scope of protection sufficient to justify investment in research and development? If not, she says, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosa_v._Sequenom

Child Health Nursing, Chronic Care Nursing, Community Health Nursing, Critical Care Nursing, Family Health Nursing, ... They include the Japan Visiting Nursing Foundation, which was founded in 1994 to create and improve home care services for the ... and the Japanese Society of Nursing Research. Until 2015, nurses in Japan were required to work under the guidance of ... Public health nursing is designed to help the public and is also driven by the public's needs. The goals of public health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_in_Japan

Actuarial Services, Insurance Investment, Market research for insurance companies, developing insurance institutions and ... consultancy and regulatory advisory services. Life Insurance, General Insurance, Reinsurance, Health Insurance, Crop Insurance ... At research level NIASOM has established several instrumentalities. A journal "PRAVARTAK" is a research publication running in ... Dnyanajyoti Research Series (DJRS) is a research serial, which publishes occasional papers dealing with insurance and risk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Insurance_Academy

... and the M4 motorway with its large service area (Heston services) cuts across the former aerodrome site east-west, but a ... A single board of health for the parishes mentioned was formed in 1875 and a very large civil parish in 1927. The Great West ... Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 24 December 2013. Sherwood (1999) "Heston, Middlesex". Genuki.og.uk. "Sutton ... Inscribed window St Leonard's Church Interior Heston Type 1 Phoenix II G-AESV at Elstree Aerodrome Moto Heston East services ...

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James Infirmary Health Day" in San Francisco. In addition, the St. James Infirmary was awarded the 2009 Community Service Award ... "Sex Worker Health, San Francisco Style; The St. James Infirmary" Presentation of research results from the collaborative ... Pertaining to health, safety and services, the report stated that, "programs should include occupational and educational ... Since SJI is a multi-service clinic, it challenges centuries of beliefs pertaining to the perceived health needs of the sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._James_Infirmary_Clinic

... who also carried out the first research employing that method. SPM-based research focused on social flows in time and space by ... Every time a subscriber uses services like calling, messaging or mobile internet, different records are generated. The main ... health, socio-economics, disaster response, urban management, etc. Authors indicate a plethora of fields that could benefit ... A number of research papers and use cases shows that mobile positioning data plays a very important role in various domains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_positioning_data

He was of weak stature and of weak health and would hardly make a good impression on the public, especially the socialists or ... In 1921, Bartel spent six months travelling to museums and galleries in France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria to research on ... It stated that Müller, the Deputy Head of the Security Police and Security Service (Reinhard Heydrich) believed that Bartel ... mainly due to poor health. He had kidney illness and had a ureterolithotomy with help from Tadeusz Pisarski, a urologist he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazimierz_Bartel

The ARPA Internet was still a research project that did not allow commercial traffic or for-profit services. The NSFNET ... ISBN 978-1-4613-0809-6. Hasman, A. (1995). Education and Training in Health Informatics in Europe: State of the Art, Guidelines ... The X.25 service was closed in August 1997. The invention of the World Wide Web in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, as an ... Networking research in the early 1970s by Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf led to the formulation of the first version of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Wars

Japan Tobacco's corruption of science and health policy via the Smoking Research Foundation". Tobacco Control. 27 (e1): e3-e11 ... The food service industry, which includes public premises like restaurants and bars, strongly opposed this measure. In 2018, ... International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (5): 1691-1705. doi:10.3390/ijerph6051691. PMC 2697937. ... The American Public Health Association helped support the development of the FCTC, while the wave of successful tobacco ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_politics

Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) With a database as a service model, users pay fees to a cloud provider for services and computing ... 2008). "The Claremont report on database research" (PDF). SIGMOD Record. 37 (3): 9-19. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.211.5963. doi:10.1145/ ... patching and updating the underlying software stack and ensuring the overall health and performance of the database. ... "Amazon Web Services Announces Two New Database Services - AWS Database Migration Service and Amazon RDS for MariaDB Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_database

Woods Services is now a national network of programs for disabled clients of all ages. Woods Services gives an annual Mollie ... On the later, larger campus, she added housing and a Child Research Clinic to expand the school's mission. There were more than ... Heiser for U.S. Health Conservation". The Philadelphia Inquirer. June 16, 1939. p. 4. Retrieved July 17, 2022 - via Newspapers. ... Woods Services, About Us. "Backward Children's Minds Trained by Two Young Women". Evening Public Ledger. February 2, 1917. p. 9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollie_Woods_Hare

United States Public Health Service Public Health Service Act Title 42 of the United States Code "H.R. 225 Text". United States ... The purpose of the bill is "to amend title IV of the Public Health Service Act to provide for a National Pediatric Research ... The Bill would amend the Public Health Service Act to authorize the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in ... National Pediatric Research Network Act of 2013 (H.R. 225) is a bill in the 113th United States Congress on February 4, 2013. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Pediatric_Research_Network_Act_of_2013

Secretary of Health and Human Services (d. 2018) Les Vandyke, musician June 22 - Martin Lipton, American lawyer June 23 - Doris ... The Association for Research and Enlightenment, Inc. (ARE) founded in Virginia Beach, Virginia, as an open-membership group to ... June 1 - New York City Fire Department Rescue 3 is put in service for service in the Bronx and above 116th Street (Manhattan). ... Betty McCain remembered for lifetime of service Hugh Leatherman, Stalwart South Carolina Senator, Dies at 90 A Giant of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_in_the_United_States

Catholic Relief Services states it, "sells commodities only when it has determined that there are no alternative methods of ... Programs have also become inclusive of other activities such as maternal and child health. According to a 2007 report from the ... International Food Policy Research Institute.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Barrett, C., & Lentz ... Catholic Relief Services, Save the Children, CARE, and other aid groups signed a 2006 declaration stating monetization is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetization_of_U.S._in-kind_food_aid

1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность ... In 1925, the health resort operated six sanatoria and treated the total of about 13,000 patients. During the Great Patriotic ... In 1922, the clinical branch of Pyatigorsk Balneal Institute (the present Pyatigorsk Research Institute of Balneology and ... In 1991, the health resort operated twenty-five sanatoria, including ten belonging to the trade unions; the number of beds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yessentuki

All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from July 2020, Articles with ... Along with the grants power, it is the basis for the Medicare scheme of universal health insurance. The High Court decided that ... An amendment passed in 1946 gave the Commonwealth power to provide a wide range of social services. This included unemployment ... Ireland, Ian & Magarey, Kirsty (23 January 1998). "Research Note 24 1997-98 - Powers of the Head of State of Australia and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_constitutional_law

After his military service, Sossen enrolled at Northeastern University on the G.I. Bill. He graduated in 1951 with a Bachelor ... Joslin Diabetes Center, Love, Life and Health Afloat European Canals Retrieve May 19, 2013. Amazon.com, Over the Hill and Still ... In 1974, Sossen launched the "Whole Rat Catalog", the first comprehensive catalog of small animal research products. Harvard ... He was the president of Harvard Apparatus, the major US manufacturer of specialized physiological research laboratory equipment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Sossen

By creating an interdisciplinary in-house research team, Erich Erber established another forward-thinking milestone. Research ... He is the founder of Erber KG, later known as Biomin GmbH; the animal health and nutrition company specializes in feed ... On June 21, 2016, Erich Erber was awarded the "Silver Commanders' Cross for Recognition of Services on Behalf of the State of ... The high-performance research and development within the group provides a basis for the development of customer-oriented and ...

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Articles that may contain original research from September 2014, All articles that may contain original research, Use dmy dates ... "The development of Inner Harbor East maximizes the existing history, culture, tradition, and economic health of the Inner ... in which the famous financial services firm moved from the central downtown is located across the street. A Four Seasons Hotel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Harbor_East,_Baltimore

Parvaiz, Athar (2020-05-20). "Kashmir internet blackouts hinder health services, contact tracing". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-05- ... The concept gained traction at the Latin American level, starting to form a core element of research and policy proposals ... This means, even if the service is not directly aimed at children, the parties that offer those services must comply with The ... The Digital Services Act, a legislative proposal aimed at harmonizing rules regarding digital intermediary services, most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_self-determination

Due to health concerns and other liability problems, the food culture has been seriously challenged in Indonesia, though ... Researched and written, variously, with J. Binny, B. Hemyng and A. Halliday. Kotler, Philip; Armstrong, Gary (2010). Principles ... Food services occupations, Informal occupations, Sales occupations, Street culture, Street cries). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawker_(trade)

Cities Service Company's New Research Center, Cranbury, New Jersey; for Ottauquechee Health Center, Woodstock, Vermont Eternal ... for Youngstown Research Center (1963-4), commissioned by Youngstown Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio; for Hecht and Company, ... New Hampshire Postmodern Classicism and Eclecticism judithbrown.com Judith Brown biography Smithsonian Institution Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Brown_(sculptor)

Common research themes include community concerns, community assets, social issues, and public health barriers. These ... giving them a safe environment and opportunity to communicate their concerns and coping strategies to policymakers and service ... Catalani, C., & Minkler, M. (2010). Photovoice: A review of the literature in health and public health. Health Education & ... Lorenz, LS and B Kolb (2009). Involving the public through participatory visual research methods. Health Expectations, Volume ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoice

His focus is teaching "culturally based science, with its emphasis on health and wellness." Cajete earned a Bachelor of Arts ... He also volunteered for many services that helped small communities in small towns around Santa Clara Pueblo. Green, Rayne, Dr ... The Newberry Library's D'Arcy McNickle Center, the U.S. Department of Education, and the School for Advanced Research has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Cajete

Armenian Health Network, Health.am. Archived from the original on 7 February 2007. "Cervical Cancer: Statistics , Cancer.Net". ... Initial research in the 1940s and 1950s attributed cervical cancer to smegma (e.g. Heins et al. 1958). During the 1960s and ... Difficulty in accessing screening services (for example, transport difficulties) and a lack of female GPs, trained Pap test ... In November 2020, the World Health Organization, under backing from the World Health Assembly, set out a strategy to eliminate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

Health policy and health services research examines the effect of health policies and system-based approaches on the risks and ... NEXT-D2 is a follow-up to the NEXT-D study that was mandated by health care legislation to evaluate health policies and ... Health Care Providersplus icon*How to Promote Ear Health for People With Diabetes ... Current Research Projects. *Natural Experiments for Translation in Diabetes 2.0 (NEXT-D2) Study. The NEXT-D2 study uses the ...

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. (‎1976)‎. Register of health services research projects in ... Register of health services research projects in Burma. Ver/. Abrir. sea_racmr_76.2_inf.paper_5.Pdf (‎60.31Kb)‎ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/127249?locale-attribute=pt&

Other applied Health Services Research Projects. I-TRAC - In-home Tracking of glaucoma: Reliability, Acceptability, and Cost: ... MRC Strategic Skills Methodology Research Fellowship 2014-2019. Medical Research Council.. CSO Postdoctoral Research Training ... I am currently accepting PhDs in Applied Health Sciences.. Please get in touch if you would like to discuss your research ideas ... The findings from RECAP are informing the Health Research Authoritys update to dissemination of trial results guidance. ...

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/hsru/what-we-do/research/methodological/profiles/k.gillies

World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. (‎1984)‎. Health services research. WHO Regional Office for ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/127386?locale-attribute=en&

... as well as supporting researcher careers and working with patients on health services research. ... Our portfolio of health services research research. You can search and view all the health services research research weve ... Find funding opportunities in health services research. Got an idea for research in health services research? The NIHR Research ... Take part in health services research. Be Part of Research is an online service that lists opportunities to take part in health ...

https://www.nihr.ac.uk/explore-nihr/specialties/health-services-research.htm

Nov 19, 2014 , Coding, Billing, and Collections, Compliance, Legal, and Malpractice, Laboratory Management and Operations, Laboratory News, Laboratory Operations, Laboratory Pathology. Pathologists and clinical laboratory managers will want to stay abreast of what emerging data is revealing about the broader impact of slowed growth in Medicare spending Contrary to the predictions of some analysts, a recent study suggests that slowing Medicare price growth by lowering hospital reimbursements will slow hospital utilization and spending for all age groups. For pathologists and clinical laboratory managers, the study represents credible evidence that cuts in Medicare prices ...

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Service Sherpa Services. Helping authors and institutions make informed and confident decisions in open access publication and ... www.elsevier.com/journals/ssm-qualitative-research-in-health/2667-3215 ... Our new site consolidates Sherpa Services (Romeo, Juliet, Fact and OpenDOAR) in to one handy tool, and brings you Open Access ... Were working to develop services, provide support, and influence policy in order to enable UK higher education to realise the ...

https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/40905

This study will examine patterns of mental health service utilization, barriers to mental health treatment services, and the ... The World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program is required, by law (the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of ... your personal health information is held by the WTC Health Program and will be used and disclosed ("given out") by the WTC ... The study findings will provide guidance to the improvement of mental health intervention for these youth and will help in ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/ResearchGateway/ResearchProjects/Details/33

Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research. 633 N. St. Clair St.. Suite 2000. Chicago, IL 60611. ... Feinberg Home , CHSOR Home , Clinical & Research Interests , Transplant. Clinical & Research Interests. *Clinical & Research ... health services researchers and content experts who are conducting patient-centered outcomes research to improve the quality, ... We are also committed to training the next generation of health services researchers focused on quality, safety and equity for ...

https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/sites/health-outcomes/clinical-research-interests/transplant.html

In 2006, CARMHA was asked by the BC Ministry of Health Services - Health Authorities Division to replicate and extend needs ... This information was combined with epidemiological estimates of cases to determine overall service volumes and resource ... with information provided by the members of expert working groups to create service pathways that demonstrated service ...

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For current news, research, and data, visit us on EdNC.org.. New research will not be posted on this website after December ... Older, sicker, poorer - How not to write about rural and more from the Rural Health Journalism Workshop. by Yasmin Bendaas , ...

https://nccppr.org/category/health-human-services/

Background paper on the development of a health services research information system in the South-East Asia Region by Dr Mya Tu ... 1982)‎. Background paper on the development of a health services research information system in the South-East Asia Region by ... World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. (‎ ... Dr Mya Tu, Chief, Health Manpower Development, WHO/SEARO. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int/iris/ ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/handle/10665/127338?locale-attribute=es&

Health, Human Services, Local and State Policy, Regional Innovation, Rural Health Value ... Rural Policy Research Institute. The University of Iowa. College of Public Health. 319-384-3857 , [email protected] ... SOAR as a Collective Impact Model: Lessons for Rural Health and Human Services. ... to National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services on May 27, 2015 at Natural Bridge State Resort Park, Kentucky ...

https://rupri.org/2015/05/27/soar-as-a-collective-impact-model-lessons-for-rural-health-and-human-services/

Members of commercial health plans (BCBS of Texas) were selected based on continuous-enrollment in 2009. Two sub-groups were ... Silent-members are members of a medical health plan who submit no claims for healthcare services in a benefit year despite 12& ... Mistrust of health care organizations is associated with underutilization of health services. Health Serv Res. 2009;44:2093-105 ... BMC Health Services Research volume 16, Article number: 319 (2016) Cite this article ...

https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-016-1552-x

The Hubs enable people to connect to online services, access and share culturally appropriate health and social information. ... Hitnet Hubs have enabled Member Services to access culturally appropriate health promotion resources and online services. ... Hitnet fulfils a service need of sharing locally generated content and key public health messages with Members, their staff and ... AH&MRC » Blog » How Hitnet can service Aboriginal communities. How Hitnet can service Aboriginal communities. September 5th, ...

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Periodically map the research output in mental health. A bank of validated mental health research needs to be established in ... Geneva: ESSENCE on Health Research, World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Disease; ... Adopt a prioritized national mental health research agenda. Mental health must be highlighted as a research priority at the ... Mental health research: developing priorities and promoting its utilization to inform policies and services ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-21-2015/volume-21-issue-7/mental-health-research-developing-priorities-and-promoting-its-utilization-to-inform-policies-and-services.html

TBI in Mental Health & Substance Use Service Settings (Research Summary). January 10, 2023 ... A growing body of research shows that existing mental health and substance use (MHSU) problems increase a persons risk of ... MHSU service users more likely to have TBI than general population. *TBI and MHSU service providers need to work together to ... A research team from the University of Toronto published a research study in The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation ...

https://braintrustcanada.com/braintrust/tbi-mhsu-sumary-2/

Content and constraints: IP training between the criminal justice and mental health services. In: EIPEN 4th European Conference ... Content and constraints: IP training between the criminal justice and mental health services. ... and mental health services (MHS) to ensure early diagnosis and treatment. In the UK, diversion/liaison schemes are proposed as ... Quality of life in health and social care. An interprofessional matter, 11--13 September 2013, Ljubljana, Slovenia. ...

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21047/

Research News. Drs. Frakt and Garrido Assume New Editorial Roles at Health Services Research. February 11, 2021. Austin Frakt, ... VA Health Services Researcher Brings Home Olympic Bronze Medal!. *VA HSR&D Investigators Speak about Womens Health Research ... News » Research_news » Drs. Frakt and Garrido Assume New Editorial Roles at ,em,Health Services R... ... Frakt and Garrido Assume New Editorial Roles at Health Services Research. *Use the Newly Published QUERI Implementation Roadmap ...

https://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/news/research_news/frakt-garrido-021121.cfm

Population Health and Health Services Research (Structured PhD) Population Health and Health Services Research (Structured PhD) ... The Academy for Health Services Research and Health Policy defines Health Services Research as "the multidisciplinary field of ... whereas Health Services Research is more concerned with delivery and access to care. Health Services Research is an area of ... Research Areas. The primary goals of Health Services Research are to identify the most effective ways to organise, manage, ...

https://universityofgalway.ie/courses/research-postgraduate-programmes/structured-phd/population-health-and-health-services-research.htm

Reviewer for International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Sprache des Titels:. Englisch. ... Public Health ( STAT:303026). Stressforschung ( STAT:305909). Kognitionswissenschaft ( STAT:501030). Digitale Transformation ( ... Scientific Community Service - Details. Wissenschaftsgebiete Original Titel:. ...

https://fodok.jku.at/fodok/sc_service.xsql?SCS_ID=13625

Rural Health: A Qualitative Research Approach to Understanding Best Practices for Rural Health Service Delivery in a Public ... Rural Health: A Qualitative Research Approach to Understanding Best Practices for Rural Health Service Delivery in a Public ... For public health emergencies or hazards, such as outbreaks, food poisoning, meningitis or rabies, please call our after hours ...

https://hnhu.org/health-reports/rural-health-a-qualitative-research-approach-to-understanding-best-practices-for-rural-health-service-delivery-in-a-public-health-setting-2008/

Health Services Research is a peer-reviewed journal published by Health Research and Educational Trust, and is the official ... visits for chronically ill patients cared for in a patient-centered medical home has been published by Health Services Research ... of Academy Health which publishes original investigations that expand understanding of the wide-ranging field of health care. ... and CTI Clinical Trial and Consulting Services (CTI) demonstrating fewer emergency department ...

https://www.pcpcc.org/2014/09/03/independence-blue-cross-study-health-service-research-finds-fewer-emergency-room-visits?language=en

Research Services. Address. Level 3, Rundle Mall Plaza. 50 Rundle Mall. The University of Adelaide SA 5005 AUSTRALIA ... Copy of LOI forwarded to the Research Branch ASAP.. *11 Mar 2015 - full applications submitted to the Research Branch for ... This opportunity uses the R01 Research Project Grant funding mechanism.. This award solicits innovative research applications ... National Institutes of Health (NIH): Innovative Measures of Oral Medication Adherence for HIV Treatment and Prevention (R01). ...

https://blogs.adelaide.edu.au/researchbulletin/2014/12/09/national-institutes-of-health-nih-innovative-measures-of-oral-medication-adherence-for-hiv-treatment-and-prevention-r01/

Access to Health Care; Delivery of Health Care; Health; Health Care; Health Services; Research; Womens Health; Right to Health ... Health Care Services to American Women Through Expanded Research on Womens Health Issues and Through Improved Access to Health ... Care Services, Including Preventive Health Services. Womens Health Equity Act of 1996. Creator. Unknown author ... Through Improved and Expanded Family Planning Services and Population Research Activities by the Federal Government, and for ...

https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/894007

Conduct and analyze online research projects on your own with a survey or poll from SurveyMonkey. Check out our templates and ... and health and nutrition surveys to explore ways to improve patient and community wellness and healthcare services and to ... This online research method is usually used in business-to-business (B2B) research, political research, and consumer research. ... Online research is a research method in which you collect data and information on the internet. You can conduct surveys, polls ...

https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/online-research/

... About Us. The Cancer Health Services Research (CHSR) units mission is to improve value- ... Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health. Email: cancer-hsr@unimelb ... Melbourne School of Population and Global Health. *Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences ... Global Health (MSPGH) Centre for Health Policy with active collaborations within the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre ( ...

https://mspgh.unimelb.edu.au/centres-institutes/centre-for-health-policy/research-group/cancer-health-unit/about-us

Cognitive Health Services Research Program Conducting innovative research in cognitive impairment and dementia that informs ... Wen Ye, PhD, is a Research Associate Scientist in the Department of Biostatistics. Wen joined the University of Michigan after ... Her research focuses on disease modeling using longitudinal analysis, survival data analysis, joint modeling, and ... healthcare policies, guides clinical decision making, and improves the health and well-being of individuals ...

https://brainhealth.med.umich.edu/people/wen-ye-phd/

World Health Organization. (who.int)
organized by the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa and the Project for Strengthening Health Delivery Systems in Central and West Africa. (who.int)

The AH&MRC have been able to purchase Hitnet Hubs for Orange Aboriginal Medical Service, Tamworth Aboriginal Medical Service, Pat Dixon Medical Centre, and Coomealla Health Aboriginal Corporation. (ahmrc.org.au)
The CHSR unit is part of the University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research (UMCCR) and the Melbourne School of Population & Global Health (MSPGH) Centre for Health Policy with active collaborations within the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC) particularly Western Health and the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre. (edu.au)
Prof Blandina T. Mmbaga is a paediatrician at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) participating in clinical, teaching, and research activities. (sphereprogramme.ie)
She graduated with a PhD in 2013 from the University of Bergen Centre for International Health and Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care. (sphereprogramme.ie)

I am an MRC Senior Non-Clinical Fellow and Professor working in Methodological Research related to participant centred trials. (abdn.ac.uk)
The NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN) includes 30 specialty groups, who coordinate and support the delivery of high quality research by therapy area. (nihr.ac.uk)
We oversee research that deals with the development of health services ensuring the delivery of high quality studies so that people have the opportunity to know about, and participate in, good clinical research. (nihr.ac.uk)
Professor Peter Bower is supported by local specialty leads in each of the 15 NIHR Local Clinical Research Networks . (nihr.ac.uk)
A study authored by Independence Blue Cross (Independence) and CTI Clinical Trial and Consulting Services (CTI) demonstrating fewer emergency department visits for chronically ill patients cared for in a patient-centered medical home has been published by Health Services Research. (pcpcc.org)
The CHSR unit supports the translation of research findings from the laboratory to clinical practice. (edu.au)
The health service applications studied can range from minor changes in roles, workflows and processes to adoption and utilization of emerging clinical technologies. (appstate.edu)
She is a Director of the Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI) and the Director of research and consultancy at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College of the Tumaini University Makumira. (sphereprogramme.ie)
With strong leadership and collaboration based on the principles of community engagement, it is feasible to develop an infrastructure that supports community engagement in clinical services research through collaboration across NIH centers and the sharing of responsibilities for infrastructure development, conceptual frameworks, and pilot studies. (cdc.gov)
After four tracer conditions were established (depression, violence, diabetes, and obesity), the CHIC presented four areas for development of research capacity in line with several of the community engagement principles: public participation in all phases of research (Principle 5), understanding community and organizational context for clinical services interventions (Principles 2 and 3), practical methods for clinical services trials (Principle 8), and advancing health information technology for clinical services research (Principle 7). (cdc.gov)
Dr. Tribble is the acting director of the infectious disease clinical research program at Uniform Services University of the Health Sciences. (cdc.gov)

NEXT-D2 is a follow-up to the NEXT-D study that was mandated by health care legislation to evaluate health policies and interventions used by health care systems, businesses, and communities to reduce diabetes risk, complications, and health inequalities across broad segments of the US population. (cdc.gov)
Interventions developed by CHIC are designed to meet research standards for effectiveness and community standards for validity and cultural sensitivity. (cdc.gov)
The GAVI Alliance and the Global Fund have identified functional health systems as essential to achieving their objectives and established health systems strengthening funding windows to effectively scale up proven, high-impact interventions and help improve the sustainability of results. (who.int)

The NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research (HS&DR) programme aims to produce rigorous and relevant evidence to improve the quality, accessibility and organisation of health and social care services. (nihr.ac.uk)
The NIHR Global Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) programme supports high quality, appropriate and applicable research that aims to improve whole health systems and health services in low and middle income countries. (nihr.ac.uk)

We fund health services research projects through our funding programmes, and support training and career development for researchers in the specialty. (nihr.ac.uk)
The CRN provides researchers with the practical support they need to make research happen. (nihr.ac.uk)
They connect researchers with health service leaders, managers and clinicians to drive improvement and innovation in the NHS. (nihr.ac.uk)
We also provide career development funding awards for health services researchers - see the careers tab for more information. (nihr.ac.uk)
The Northwestern University Transplant Outcomes Research Collaborative (NUTORC) is an interdisciplinary collaboration of clinicians, health services researchers and content experts who are conducting patient-centered outcomes research to improve the quality, safety, efficacy, equity and implementation of evidence-based transplant medicine. (northwestern.edu)
We are also committed to training the next generation of health services researchers focused on quality, safety and equity for our patients. (northwestern.edu)
A practical guide for health researchers / Mahmoud F. Fathalla, Mohamed M. F. Fathalla. (who.int)
Her interest is in mentorship to create a mass of Tanzanian and African independent researchers to in identifying evidence for supporting health care improvement and in implementation science research. (sphereprogramme.ie)
The engagement process of first forming the partnership between the convening academic researchers and the community organizations and then deciding on health priorities together demonstrates Principle 5, and knowledge of community needs demonstrates Principle 2. (cdc.gov)

Health policy and health services research examines the effect of health policies and system-based approaches on the risks and outcomes of type 2 diabetes for various population groups. (cdc.gov)
The specialty leads have expertise in how the NHS is organised, as well as performance monitoring, and delivering high quality research to test whether new services are producing good outcomes for patients. (nihr.ac.uk)
NUTORC conducts transplant outcomes research, establishes best transplant practices, guides transplant policy and increases access to transplantation services. (northwestern.edu)
Through involvement in this project, the AH&MRC has assisted in strengthening the connectedness of the ACCHS sector in the creation and sharing of health promotion content, contributing to improved health, wellbeing and educational outcomes of the Aboriginal community. (ahmrc.org.au)
Scaling-up mental health research in the EMR could generate enormous returns in terms of reducing disability, improving outcomes and preventing premature death, through early diagnosis, better management and community-based rehabilitation. (who.int)
3) What predictors or outcomes of TBI have been reported in these service settings. (braintrustcanada.com)
Potentially avoidable ED visits are a major concern for health systems," says Candace Gunnarsson, CTI's Vice President, Health Economics and Outcomes Research. (pcpcc.org)
The Cancer Health Services Research (CHSR) unit's mission is to improve value-based cancer services across the care continuum using real-world outcomes and cost data. (edu.au)
Strengthening Health Services Research Using Target Trial Emulation: An Application to Volume-Outcomes Studies. (bvsalud.org)

This study will examine patterns of mental health service utilization, barriers to mental health treatment services, and the factors associated with such use by youth who were exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) attack. (cdc.gov)
Hospitalization data for 1998-2009 from State Inpatient Databases, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (cdc.gov)

However, some care avoiders simply chose to avoid the medical system, despite available coverage, appropriateness for recommended prevention services, and access. (biomedcentral.com)
ABSTRACT Investment in research on the prevention and treatment of mental health disorders is disproportionately low in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) relative to the disease burden. (who.int)
The Analysis of Secondary Data to Inform Prevention Interdisciplinary Research Group consists of faculty with multidisciplinary backgrounds who are interested in using secondary data to address public health problems and inform public health prevention. (appstate.edu)
Amongst her numerous contributions to public health medicine is Professor Smyth's national leadership on public health reform, healthy ageing, and stroke prevention. (sphereprogramme.ie)
From 2019-2022 he served as a Professor and Chair in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology in the School of Public Health at Imperial College London, and before that led a multi-disciplinary public health research unit for chronic diseases at the US Centres for Disease Control Prevention. (sphereprogramme.ie)
He has worked extensively in chronic disease epidemiology and surveillance, prevention effectiveness trials, the development of natural experiments to study health policies, and modelling of health impact and cost-effectiveness of public health interventions. (sphereprogramme.ie)

They appear on MedlinePlus Health Topic pages, but they're listed individually in search results. (medlineplus.gov)
The publications shared are the result of a bibliographic research work carried out regularly on several online information sources with a major search strategy 'COVID-19 AND Africa' in combination with the following keywords: epidemiology (response activities OR hygiene practices OR social distancing OR case management), vaccination, public perceptions, other diseases and other sectors. (who.int)

They were strongly in favor of interagency training and its contribution to enhanced collaborative competence across the workforce and, in the long term, improved offender mental health. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
Public-Use Derived Data Sets that measure community level measures including racial segregation, income segregation and social determinants of health are derived by project members and available for collaborative outreach and research opportunities. (appstate.edu)
The goal of this interest group is to provide an interdisciplinary, collaborative forum for individuals interested in developing new health service delivery methods as well as understanding and refining the application of existing processes with the goal of improving access, usability, effectiveness, and cost. (appstate.edu)
Our research aims to provide public health support to all entities so they can be responsive to the needs of their communities through multi-disciplinary, collaborative, idea generation and action. (appstate.edu)
The academic component of HAAF evolved into the development of a research infrastructure, the Los Angeles Community Health Improvement Collaborative (CHIC). (cdc.gov)
The IDCRP is a Department of Defense and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases collaborative research program. (cdc.gov)

Medical Research Council. (abdn.ac.uk)

Our funding programmes fund high quality health services research that benefits the NHS, public health and social care. (nihr.ac.uk)
We have two research funding programmes that specifically support health services research. (nihr.ac.uk)
Assosia can provide programmes various services to ensure maximum product availability as well as providing further insight and analysis about the category. (assosia.com)
Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) are typically programmes targeted at specific diseases and are intended to bring additional resources to the health efforts of countries.5 Since 2000, the number of GHIs has grown exponentially,6 reaching over 140. (who.int)

Our research infrastructure also supports research funded by these partners, offering expertise, collaborations and facilities. (nihr.ac.uk)
Through a range of face-to-face, online, workshops, training and collaborations initiatives, we aim to communicate, educate and promote Aboriginal health. (ahmrc.org.au)

I am currently accepting PhDs in Applied Health Sciences. (abdn.ac.uk)
We deliver health services research funded by the NIHR, the life sciences industry and non-commercial organisations such as charities. (nihr.ac.uk)
Some of this research is funded by the NIHR, but most of it is funded by non-commercial organisations, such as charities or universities, and the life sciences industry. (nihr.ac.uk)
This entry was posted in Funding by Award Type , Grants (Project Funds) , Health & Medical Sciences , International Funding and tagged US National Institutes of Health . (edu.au)
Prof Edward W. Gregg is the newly appointed Head of the School of Population Health at RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. (sphereprogramme.ie)

With the right tools, it's easy to perform online research that will yield reliable data quickly, easily, and with lower costs than traditional research methods. (surveymonkey.com)
Below are the four main methods and techniques for conducting online research. (surveymonkey.com)
The Health Services Innovation and Optimization interest group is for individuals researching and evaluating methods for delivering services that improve the health of individuals and populations. (appstate.edu)
Studying the organisation and delivery of health services: research methods. (who.int)
The database can also be used to assess the implications of recent or proposed changes in public or private health care benefits, methods of financing both health care and insurance coverage, various public and private subsidies for health care, and employee compensation arrangements. (cdc.gov)

Effect of the Affordable Care Act on diabetes care at major health centers: newly detected diabetes and diabetes medication management. (cdc.gov)
We support the set up and delivery of this research in the NHS and in public health and social care settings. (nihr.ac.uk)
The NIHR supports patients and the public to participate in high quality research taking place in health and care settings across England, advancing knowledge and improving care. (nihr.ac.uk)
We promote the successful delivery of research studies in the NHS and social care settings and help plan new studies that will address patients' needs. (nihr.ac.uk)
The NIHR CRN Health Services Research Toolkit has been developed to bring together ideas, guidance and support in one place, to help the delivery of high quality health services research in the NHS and health and social care settings. (nihr.ac.uk)
This includes evaluations of how the NHS and social care might improve delivery of services. (nihr.ac.uk)
The implications of future high costs for silent members who become claimants may support the need for additional research to address the risks of care avoidance behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
Care avoiders are persons who do not seek medical care or treatment despite suspected symptoms or health complaints, often due to cost or beliefs. (biomedcentral.com)
Silent-members of commercial health plans may be motivated by any of the offered reasons for care-avoidance. (biomedcentral.com)
Several studies have assessed the impact of these high-deductible-health-plans or consumer-driven-health-plans (CDHP) on care-avoidance. (biomedcentral.com)
The Actuaries Study of 2009 reviewed studies comparing CDHP plans to traditional plans and concluded that CDHP members had higher rates for preventive services, most likely due to the fact that much preventive care is provided at no cost to the member [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Quality of life in health and social care. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
Health Services Research is a peer-reviewed journal published by Health Research and Educational Trust, and is the official publication of Academy Health which publishes original investigations that expand understanding of the wide-ranging field of health care. (pcpcc.org)
Patient-centered medical homes improve patient health and lower costs through a team-oriented approach to primary care. (pcpcc.org)
This includes more coordinated care among all health care professionals, electronic health records to better track care, open scheduling to allow for more flexibility in seeing patients when they need care, and more interaction with the physician and staff between appointments to make sure scheduled tests and consultations occurred. (pcpcc.org)
A Bill to Promote Greater Equity in the Delivery of Health Care Services to American Women Through Expanded Research on Women's Health Issues and Through Improved Access to Health Care Services, Including Preventive Health Services. (georgetown.edu)
In doing so, the unit aims to improve cancer services by utilising real-world data to analyse patterns of care provision, including treatment sequencing, and their health economics implications. (edu.au)
This study adds to limited, but mounting evidence that, in at least some states, the burden on non-WC payers to cover health care for industrial injuries is growing, even while WC-related employer costs are decreasing - an area that warrants further research. (cdc.gov)
This study adds to a growing literature indicating rising drug prices are a threat to the health care system. (medscape.com)
Results: Of the 76 studies included, most (86%) were cross sectional and nearly half (49%) were conducted in health care settings. (cdc.gov)
DATA1 DATA2 SRC DATA PURCHASE AND USE AGREEMENT For use with the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey Data Individual identifiers have been removed from the micro-data tapes available from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research through NTIS. (cdc.gov)
Nevertheless, under sections 308(d) and 903(c) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242m and 42 U.S.C. 299 a-1), data collected by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research may not be used for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was supplied. (cdc.gov)
BACKGROUND General Information This documentation describes one in a series of public use tapes issued by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research with data from the National Medical Expenditure Survey. (cdc.gov)
The National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) is a research project of the Center for General Health Services Intramural Research, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. (cdc.gov)
A Survey of American Indians and Alaska Natives includes a separate sample of American Indians and Alaska Natives living on or near Federal reservations and eligible to receive care provided or supported by the Indian Health Service. (cdc.gov)
Household Survey Each family in the Household Survey was interviewed four times over a period of 16 months to obtain information about the family's health and health care during calendar year 1987. (cdc.gov)

EMR countries must therefore work to identify research priorities, mobilize resources, develop human and infrastructure capacities and institutionalize use of research findings to guide development of policies and service delivery models. (who.int)
During the SPHeRE Network 9th Annual Conference we will examine the current big population health challenges, how we choose amongst competing priorities going forward and look at how the landscape of population health science is changing. (sphereprogramme.ie)
The conceptual framework developed for CHIC emphasizes the use of community engagement to integrate community and academic perspectives and develop programs that address the health priorities of communities while building the capacity of the partnership. (cdc.gov)
Priorities for developing the research infrastructure included enhanced public participation in research, assessment of the community context, development of health information technology, and initiation of practical trial designs. (cdc.gov)

Presented by Charles W. Fluharty (President and CEO, Rural Policy Research Institute) to National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services on May 27, 2015 at Natural Bridge State Resort Park, Kentucky. (rupri.org)

Les publications partagées sont le résultat d'un travail de recherche bibliographique effectué régulièrement sur plusieurs sources d'information en ligne avec une comme stratégie de recherche majeure 'COVID-19 ET Afrique' combinés aux mots clés suivants : epidemiology (response activities OR hygiene practices OR social distancing OR case management), vaccination, public perceptions, other diseases and other sectors. (who.int)

In the UK, diversion/liaison schemes are proposed as a means to integrated service provision. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
Professor Breda Smyth is currently Chief Medical Officer in the Department of Health, leading the provision of evidence-based public health advice across a range of areas including the response to COVID-19 and Monkeypox. (sphereprogramme.ie)

A research team from the University of Toronto published a research study in The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation exploring traumatic brain injury history among individuals accessing mental health and substance use services. (braintrustcanada.com)
One interesting finding is that reductions in ED admissions are not coming necessarily from the fact that medical homes are open for longer hours or are more accessible to patients, but from better management of chronic conditions," said Guy David, PhD, the study's lead author, CTI Academic Affiliate, and health management professor at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. (pcpcc.org)
She is a Personal Professor of Public Health Medicine in University of Galway and most recently worked as a Consultant and Director of the Department of Public Health HSE West. (sphereprogramme.ie)
She is Adjunct Associate Professor of Duke Global Health, visiting Research Professor UVA and Adjunct Associate Professor of Paediatric and Child Health Cork University Ireland. (sphereprogramme.ie)
Our study of people with neurologic conditions found fewer than 20% were being treated with new medications," study author Brian C. Callaghan, MD, with University of Michigan Health in Ann Arbor, said in a statement. (medscape.com)

HSR UK is a self-supporting membership organisation dedicated to the promotion of health services research in policy and practice. (nihr.ac.uk)
We're working to develop services, provide support, and influence policy in order to enable UK higher education to realise the rewards of open access (OA). (sherpa.ac.uk)
Our new site consolidates Sherpa Services (Romeo, Juliet, Fact and OpenDOAR) in to one handy tool, and brings you Open Access policy, compliance and Transitional Agreement information. (sherpa.ac.uk)
Health Policy and Systems Research: A Methodology Reader. (who.int)
Studies in Health Services Organization and Policy. (who.int)

MRC Strategic Skills Methodology Research Fellowship 2014-2019. (abdn.ac.uk)
In 2019/20 we recruited 61,549 participants across 209 studies in Health Services Research, with 100 per cent of commercial contract studies and 96 per cent of non-commercial studies recruited to time and target. (nihr.ac.uk)

The study findings will provide guidance to the improvement of mental health intervention for these youth and will help in preparedness efforts for future terrorist attacks. (cdc.gov)
Brain injury, mental health, and substance use are interconnected, yet brain injury is frequently left out of the conversation. (braintrustcanada.com)
Traumatic Brain Injury History Among Individuals Using Mental Health and Addictions Services: A Scoping Review. (braintrustcanada.com)
Content and constraints: IP training between the criminal justice and mental health services. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
In Europe, unacceptably large numbers of prisoners have mental health issues. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
Integrated, effective interagency collaboration is required between the criminal justice system (CJS) and mental health services (MHS) to ensure early diagnosis and treatment. (bournemouth.ac.uk)
NC hospitalization data analysis: Faculty across multiple colleges and universities are working with Inpatient, Emergency Room, and Ambulatory Surgery/Outpatient Hospital Data for the entire state of NC to examine trends in mental health, maternal health, and the impacts of extreme events (e.g., wildfire). (appstate.edu)
We will examine emerging public health challenges, directions in population mental health, and global health equity. (sphereprogramme.ie)
It describes and examines four levels of reflexive feedback in an intervention experience based on information and communication technology (ICT) workshops in a mental health clinic for children and teens in Porto Alegre/Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
The success of this collaboration led to the expansion of HAAF to investigate other health issues, including preterm delivery, mental health, diabetes, asthma, and kidney disease, as well as to look at various women's health projects. (cdc.gov)
A thorough physical examination is necessary to evaluate the patient's overall state of health, comorbidities, nutritional status, and mental status. (medscape.com)

If you don't receive a response within a few days of your request, follow up with participants to remind them of your research, and that timeliness is appreciated. (surveymonkey.com)
It is argued that an intervention can offer a rich reflexive experience that challenges the research group's misconceptions, the participants' reflexive notions, institutional common sense and the research direction. (bvsalud.org)

The Aging and Adult Health Interdisciplinary Research Group comprises faculty from multiple disciplines interested in all aspects of healthy aging and age-related diseases. (appstate.edu)

Let's discuss online research, how to conduct it, and best practices for obtaining the necessary information. (surveymonkey.com)

As a result we support a wide range of research studies that focus on improving the quality, accessibility and organisation of health services. (nihr.ac.uk)
The overall aim of this research is to explore how e-Health, particularly mHealth, could enhance dementia awareness and support for persons living with dementia, or their caregivers within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities by evaluating existing research and products, and exploring key stakeholder perspectives. (edu.au)
The purpose of CHIC was to encourage shared strategies, partnerships, and resources to support rigorous, community-engaged health services research within Los Angeles that was designed to reduce health disparities. (cdc.gov)
US$ 1.6 billion to health systems strengthening in 27 countries in the Region since 2005.8 In the recent past the GAVI Alliance, the Global Fund and the World Bank have explored the possibility of creation of a health systems funding platform to effectively support countries in line with the principles of the Paris Declaration on aid effectiveness. (who.int)

Baseline data on household composition, employment, and insurance were updated at each interview, and information was obtained on illnesses, use of health services, and health expenditures for each family member. (cdc.gov)

Hitnet was first utilised by the AH&MRC as a practical tool for services to use through the Head Lice project, whereby relevant content central to the project was loaded onto the Hub and placed in the local AMS for the community to engage with. (ahmrc.org.au)
Hitnet fulfils a service need of sharing locally generated content and key public health messages with Members, their staff and the wider community. (ahmrc.org.au)
Hitnet is essentially a one-stop-shop for all health promotion content. (ahmrc.org.au)
Access to this content through BURO is granted on condition that you use it only for research, scholarly or other non-commercial purposes. (bournemouth.ac.uk)

For public health emergencies or hazards, such as outbreaks, food poisoning, meningitis or rabies, please call our after hours emergency phone number at 1-877-298-5888. (hnhu.org)
A Bill to Promote Public Health and Welfare by Preventing Unwanted Conceptions and Reducing the Need for Abortions Among All Women, Especially Teenagers, Through Improved and Expanded Family Planning Services and Population Research Activities by the Federal Government, and for Other Purposes. (georgetown.edu)
NCHA data analysis and writing group: Faculty in the Public Health program are working collaboratively to analyze and publish data from the American College Health Association's' National College Health Assessment. (appstate.edu)
Combining the definition with the WHO, APHA, and CDC, public health refers to all organized measures (public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole where they live, learn, work, and play. (appstate.edu)
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have become a global public health threat. (cdc.gov)

This work is intended to advance the field of dissemination and implementation research by aiding scientists in the identification of existing measures and highlighting methodological issues that require additional attention. (cdc.gov)
Included studies had to assess latent constructs related to the "inner setting" of the organization, as defined by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: The lack of clarity associated with construct definitions, inconsistent use of theory, absence of standardized reporting criteria for implementation research, and the fact that few measures have demonstrated reliability or validity were among the limitations highlighted in our review. (cdc.gov)

We obtained carbapenem (i.e., meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem, doripenem) susceptibility test results (i.e., susceptible, intermediate, or resistant) and calculated rates of resistance and nonsusceptibility to any carbapenem over time, looking at 2-year windows and grouping facilities into 10 regions designated by the US Department of Health and Human Services ( https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/regional-offices/index.html ). (cdc.gov)

This survey provides extensive information on health expenditures by or on behalf of families and individuals, the financing of these expenditures, and each person's use of services. (cdc.gov)

Another Member Service saw the value of Hitnet and included it in a funding grant application. (ahmrc.org.au)
This opportunity uses the R01 Research Project Grant funding mechanism. (edu.au)

Silent-members are members of a medical health plan who submit no claims for healthcare services in a benefit year despite 12 months of continuous-enrollment. (biomedcentral.com)
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. (cdc.gov)

My research interests focus on the design and delivery of participant centred trials: from point of initial contact through to feeding back results to individuals. (abdn.ac.uk)
I lead research in the application of behavioural science to trials methodology. (abdn.ac.uk)

These national data provide important information trends in college students' health behaviors. (appstate.edu)

It is necessary, therefore, that the indi such micro-data tapes sign the following assurance: The user gives assurance that individual elementary unit data on the micro-data tapes being ordered will be used solely for statistical summaries and health services research. (cdc.gov)

Their main business area is medical services research. (australianexporters.net)

The conference is an opportunity to hear from international leaders in the field, to understand how different disciplines can work together to guide decision-making in population health and to discuss how we can shape population health science to achieve the greatest impact. (sphereprogramme.ie)
Together, the major components of NMES-2 contain information to make national estimates of health status, use of health services, insurance coverage, expenditures, and sources of payment for the civilian population of the United States during the period from January 1 to December 31, 1987. (cdc.gov)

2001). Issues in studying the organisation and delivery of health services. (who.int)

Areas of faculty expertise include basic physiology and muscle development across the lifespan, the impact of nutrition and exercise on muscles and health, mild cognitive impairment and dementia, social aspects of aging, and more. (appstate.edu)

A CBPR approach using the principles of community engagement was employed to develop a community-academic council to coordinate the efforts of several research and training programs housed at three academic institutions. (cdc.gov)

This award solicits innovative research applications that seek to advance the development of bioanalytical assays, pill ingestion sensors, drug metabolite and taggant detection systems, or wireless technologic approaches for monitoring and improving adherence to oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). (edu.au)

Trends in high deductible health plan enrolment and spending among commercially insured members with and without chronic conditions: a Natural Experiment for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D2) Study. (cdc.gov)
Join us for Knowledge Translation Tuesday, where we summarize a recently published research study to give you current, evidence-based brain injury information. (braintrustcanada.com)
David also noted that the research, which involved more patients than any other study of its kind, showed the most significant reductions in ED visits for patients who have either hypertension or diabetes. (pcpcc.org)
These latest results show another exciting aspect of the benefits of medical homes, which have demonstrated in our previous studies that they help reduce costs and improve the health of chronically ill patients," said Somesh Nigam, Independence's senior vice president and chief informatics officer and a contributor to the study. (pcpcc.org)

Professor Peter Bower is the CRN National Specialty Lead for health services research. (nihr.ac.uk)

This data can help to assess individual community needs and guide the development of health programs. (ahmrc.org.au)

Health systems operate at and across national, district, community and individual levels.3 Governments have the responsibility to strengthen their own health systems. (who.int)

Diseases3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology15

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations19

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena39

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities5

Information Science21

Named Groups11

Health Care190

Geographicals10

Practice patterns, case mix, Medicare payment policy, and dialysis facility costs. (1/4753)

Incidence and duration of hospitalizations among persons with AIDS: an event history approach. (2/4753)

Making Medicaid managed care research relevant. (3/4753)

A taxonomy of health networks and systems: bringing order out of chaos. (4/4753)

Organizational and environmental factors associated with nursing home participation in managed care. (5/4753)

Explicit guidelines for qualitative research: a step in the right direction, a defence of the 'soft' option, or a form of sociological imperialism? (6/4753)

The future of managed care organization. (7/4753)

Commercialization of BRCA1/2 testing: practitioner awareness and use of a new genetic test. (8/4753)

Health Services Research

Research Personnel

Health Services

Mental Health Services

Research Support as Topic

United States

Health Services Needs and Demand

Health Services Accessibility

Social Sciences

United States Department of Veterans Affairs

Research

Delivery of Health Care

Health Policy

Ethnology

Decision Making, Organizational

Policy Making

Public Health

Politics

United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Interinstitutional Relations

Research Design

Health Services for the Aged

Administrative Personnel

Quality Assurance, Health Care

Data Collection

Hospitals, Veterans

Directories as Topic

Ethics Committees, Research

Evidence-Based Medicine

Health Status

Quality of Health Care

Great Britain

Child Health Services

Qualitative Research

Medical Informatics

Diffusion of Innovation

Cooperative Behavior

Primary Health Care

Community Mental Health Services

Catchment Area (Health)

Comparative Effectiveness Research

Community Health Services

Reproductive Health Services

Clinical Coding

Interdisciplinary Communication

Rural Health Services

Health Maintenance Organizations

Nursing Research

Confidentiality

Health Care Reform

Databases, Factual

Publishing

Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Socioeconomic Factors

Health Care Surveys

Guidelines as Topic

PubMed

Maternal Health Services

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Questionnaires

Periodicals as Topic

Interviews as Topic

Health Promotion

Health Surveys

Preventive Health Services

Adolescent Health Services

Health Planning

Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Mental Health

Health Services Administration

Occupational Health Services

International Classification of Diseases

Attitude to Health

State Medicine

Germany

Nurse Administrators

Data Interpretation, Statistical

Decision Making

National Health Programs

Insurance, Health