Health services accessibility. Medical search

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

Organized services to provide health care for children.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the aged and the maintenance of health in the elderly.

Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.

Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.

The organization and administration of health services dedicated to the delivery of health care.

The state wherein the person is well adjusted.

Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.

Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.

The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.

Management of public health organizations or agencies.

Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.

A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Health care provided to specific cultural or tribal peoples which incorporates local customs, beliefs, and taboos.

The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.

Community health and NURSING SERVICES providing coordinated multiple services to the patient at the patient's homes. These home-care services are provided by a visiting nurse, home health agencies, HOSPITALS, or organized community groups using professional staff for care delivery. It differs from HOME NURSING which is provided by non-professionals.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.

A division of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that is responsible for the public health and the provision of medical services to NATIVE AMERICANS in the United States, primarily those residing on reservation lands.

Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.

The status of health in rural populations.

Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.

A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution.

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

Services designed to promote, maintain, or restore dental health.

Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.

The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.

Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or neighborhood.

Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.

Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement.

The status of health in urban populations.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.

Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.

Health care provided to individuals.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.

Designs for approaching areas inside or outside facilities.

Health services for college and university students usually provided by the educational institution.

Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.

That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.

The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.

Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.

The physical condition of human reproductive systems.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

Organized services for the purpose of providing diagnosis to promote and maintain health.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to mothers and children.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.

All organized methods of funding.

A geographic location which has insufficient health resources (manpower and/or facilities) to meet the medical needs of the resident population.

Amounts charged to the patient as payer for health care services.

Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility.

Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional.

Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.

Process of shifting publicly controlled services and/or facilities to the private sector.

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

Customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a benefit or service received.

Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation.

The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.

An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

Organized systems for providing comprehensive prepaid health care that have five basic attributes: (1) provide care in a defined geographic area; (2) provide or ensure delivery of an agreed-upon set of basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services; (3) provide care to a voluntarily enrolled group of persons; (4) require their enrollees to use the services of designated providers; and (5) receive reimbursement through a predetermined, fixed, periodic prepayment made by the enrollee without regard to the degree of services provided. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

A nursing specialty concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations, using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to develop local, regional, state, and national health policy and research. It is population-focused and community-oriented, aimed at health promotion and disease prevention through educational, diagnostic, and preventive programs.

State plans prepared by the State Health Planning and Development Agencies which are made up from plans submitted by the Health Systems Agencies and subject to review and revision by the Statewide Health Coordinating Council.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process.

Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients.

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

A general concept referring to the organization and administration of nursing activities.

Health insurance plans for employees, and generally including their dependents, usually on a cost-sharing basis with the employer paying a percentage of the premium.

The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.

Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups.

Professions or other business activities directed to the cure and prevention of disease. For occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians but who are working in the fields of medical technology, physical therapy, etc., ALLIED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS is available.

An organized procedure carried out through committees to review admissions, duration of stay, professional services furnished, and to evaluate the medical necessity of those services and promote their most efficient use.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)

Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XIX, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, administered by the states, that provides health care benefits to indigent and medically indigent persons.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Groups of persons whose range of options is severely limited, who are frequently subjected to COERCION in their DECISION MAKING, or who may be compromised in their ability to give INFORMED CONSENT.

The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.

Those facilities which administer health services to individuals who do not require hospitalization or institutionalization.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Health care provided on a continuing basis from the initial contact, following the patient through all phases of medical care.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or facility for health services rendered to an insured or program beneficiary. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

Media that facilitate transportability of pertinent information concerning patient's illness across varied providers and geographic locations. Some versions include direct linkages to online consumer health information that is relevant to the health conditions and treatments related to a specific patient.

Organized services to provide diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of genetic disorders.

Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Facilities which administer the delivery of psychologic and psychiatric services to people living in a neighborhood or community.

Hospitals controlled by various types of government, i.e., city, county, district, state or federal.

The interactions between members of a community and representatives of the institutions within that community.

Financial resources provided for activities related to health planning and development.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Societal or individual decisions about the equitable distribution of available resources.

Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.

Care of patients by a multidisciplinary team usually organized under the leadership of a physician; each member of the team has specific responsibilities and the whole team contributes to the care of the patient.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.

Delivery of health services via remote telecommunications. This includes interactive consultative and diagnostic services.

Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.

Administration and functional structures for the purpose of collectively systematizing activities for a particular goal.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.

A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is Sydney. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770 and first settled at Botany Bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by Captain Cook who thought its coastline resembled that of South Wales. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p840 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p377)

Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.

Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.

A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.

The systematic application of information and computer sciences to public health practice, research, and learning.

Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Excessive, under or unnecessary utilization of health services by patients or physicians.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A component of the Department of Health and Human Services to oversee and direct the Medicare and Medicaid programs and related Federal medical care quality control staffs. Name was changed effective June 14, 2001.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the islands of the central and South Pacific, including Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and traditionally Australasia.

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to substance abuse and mental health. It is commonly referred to by the acronym SAMHSA. On 1 October 1992, the United States Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) became SAMHSA.

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.

Health insurance plans intended to reduce unnecessary health care costs through a variety of mechanisms, including: economic incentives for physicians and patients to select less costly forms of care; programs for reviewing the medical necessity of specific services; increased beneficiary cost sharing; controls on inpatient admissions and lengths of stay; the establishment of cost-sharing incentives for outpatient surgery; selective contracting with health care providers; and the intensive management of high-cost health care cases. The programs may be provided in a variety of settings, such as HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS and PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS.

Organized institutions which provide services to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology in the community.

City, urban, rural, or suburban areas which are characterized by severe economic deprivation and by accompanying physical and social decay.

The containment, regulation, or restraint of costs. Costs are said to be contained when the value of resources committed to an activity is not considered excessive. This determination is frequently subjective and dependent upon the specific geographic area of the activity being measured. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Individual members of North American ethnic groups with ancient historic ancestral origins in Asia.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Recommendations for directing health planning functions and policies. These may be mandated by PL93-641 and issued by the Department of Health and Human Services for use by state and local planning agencies.

A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to VETERANS. It was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.

Cancer mortality by educational level in the city of Barcelona. (1/7828)

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between educational level and mortality from cancer in the city of Barcelona. The data were derived from a record linkage between the Barcelona Mortality Registry and the Municipal Census. The relative risks (RR) of death and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to level of education were derived from Poisson regression models. For all malignancies, men in the lowest educational level had a RR of death of 1.21 (95% CI 1.13-1.29) compared with men with a university degree, whereas for women a significant decreasing in risk was observed (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.74-0.90). Among men, significant negative trends of increasing risk according to level of education were present for cancer of the mouth and pharynx (RR 1.70 for lowest vs. highest level of education), oesophagus (RR 2.14), stomach (RR 1.99), larynx (RR 2.56) and lung (RR 1.35). Among women, cervical cancer was negatively related to education (RR 2.62), whereas a positive trend was present for cancers of the colon (RR 0.76), pancreas (RR 0.59), lung (RR 0.55) and breast (RR 0.65). The present study confirms for the first time, at an individual level, the existence of socioeconomic differences in mortality for several cancer sites in Barcelona, Spain. There is a need to implement health programmes and public health policies to reduce these inequities. (+info)

Provider attitudes toward dispensing emergency contraception in Michigan's Title X programs.(2/7828)

(+info)

Challenges in securing access to care for children. (3/7828)

Congressional approval of Title XXI of the Social Security Act, which created the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), is a significant public effort to expand health insurance to children. Experience with the Medicaid program suggests that eligibility does not guarantee children's enrollment or their access to needed services. This paper develops an analytic framework and presents potential indicators to evaluate CHIP's performance and its impact on access, defined broadly to include access to health insurance and access to health services. It also presents options for moving beyond minimal monitoring to an evaluation strategy that would help to improve program outcomes. The policy considerations associated with such a strategy are also discussed. (+info)

Mental health/medical care cost offsets: opportunities for managed care. (4/7828)

Health services researchers have long observed that outpatient mental health treatment sometimes leads to a reduction in unnecessary or excessive general medical care expenditures. Such reductions, or cost offsets, have been found following mental health treatment of distressed elderly medical inpatients, some patients as they develop major medical illnesses, primary care outpatients with multiple unexplained somatic complaints, and nonelderly adults with alcoholism. In this paper we argue that managed care has an opportunity to capture these medical care cost savings by training utilization managers to make mental health services more accessible to patients whose excessive use of medical care is related to psychological factors. For financial reasons, such policies are most likely to develop within health care plans that integrate the financing and management of mental health and medical/surgical benefits. (+info)

The health impact of economic sanctions. (5/7828)

Embargoes and sanctions are tools of foreign policy. They can induce a decline in economic activity in addition to reducing imports and untoward health effects can supervene, especially among older persons and those with chronic illnesses. Often, violations of the rights of life, health, social services, and protection of human dignity occur among innocent civilians in embargoed nations. This paper examines the effects of embargoes and sanctions against several nations, and calls for studies to determine ways in which economic warfare might be guided by the rule of humanitarian international law, to reduce the effects on civilians. It suggests that the ability to trade in exempted goods and services should be improved, perhaps by establishing uniform criteria and definitions for exemptions, operational criteria under which sanctions committees might function, and methods for monitoring the impact of sanctions on civilian populations in targeted states, particularly with regard to water purity, food availability, and infectious-disease control. Prospective studies are advocated, to generate the data needed to provide better information and monitoring capacity than presently exists. (+info)

User charges for health care: a review of recent experience. (6/7828)

This paper reviews recent experiences with increases in user charges and their effect on the utilization of health care. Evidence from several countries of differences in utilization between rich and poor is presented, and recent accounts of sharp, and often sustained, drops in utilization following fee increases, are presented and discussed. Fee income, appropriately used, represents a small but significant additional resource for health care. Recent national experiences appear to have concentrated on achieving cost recovery objectives, rather than on improving service quality and health outcomes. Appraisal of financing changes must be linked to probable health outcomes. Successful large-scale experience in linking these two is in short supply. (+info)

Are we ignoring population density in health planning? The issues of availability and accessibility. (7/7828)

Availability of health facilities is commonly expressed in terms of the number of persons dependent on one unit. Whether that unit is actually accessible to those persons depends, however, on the population density. Some examples illustrate the precise relationship. A measure of accessibility is obtained by expressing the availability of facilities as 'one unit within x km distance' (for the average--or, preferably, the median--person). This measure is therefore to be preferred. (+info)

Medical technology and inequity in health care: the case of Korea. (8/7828)

There has been a rapid influx of high cost medical technologies into the Korean hospital market. This has raised concerns about the changes it will bring for the Korean health care sector. Some have questioned whether this diffusion will necessarily have positive effects on the health of the overall population. Some perverse effects of uncontrolled diffusion of technologies have been hinted in recent literature. For example, there is a problem of increasing inequity with the adoption of expensive technologies. Utilization of most of the expensive high technology services is not covered by national health insurance schemes; examples of such technologies are Ultra Sonic, CT Scanner, MRI, Radiotherapy, EKG, and Lithotripter. As a result, the rich can afford expensive high technology services while the poor cannot. This produces a gradual evolution of classes in health service utilization. This study examines how health service utilization among different income groups is affected by the import of high technologies. It discusses changes made within the health care system, and explains the circumstances under which the rapid and excessive diffusion of medical technologies occurred in the hospital sector. (+info)

Some common types of mental disorders include:

1. Anxiety disorders: These conditions cause excessive worry, fear, or anxiety that interferes with daily life. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
2. Mood disorders: These conditions affect a person's mood, causing feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or anger that persist for weeks or months. Examples include depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder.
3. Personality disorders: These conditions involve patterns of thought and behavior that deviate from the norm of the average person. Examples include borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.
4. Psychotic disorders: These conditions cause a person to lose touch with reality, resulting in delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking. Examples include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder.
5. Trauma and stressor-related disorders: These conditions develop after a person experiences a traumatic event, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
6. Dissociative disorders: These conditions involve a disconnection or separation from one's body, thoughts, or emotions. Examples include dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) and depersonalization disorder.
7. Neurodevelopmental disorders: These conditions affect the development of the brain and nervous system, leading to symptoms such as difficulty with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Rett syndrome.

Mental disorders can be diagnosed by a mental health professional using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which provides criteria for each condition. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or psychodynamic therapy, depending on the specific disorder and individual needs.

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

In this article, we will explore the definition and impact of chronic diseases, as well as strategies for managing and living with them. We will also discuss the importance of early detection and prevention, as well as the role of healthcare providers in addressing the needs of individuals with chronic diseases.

What is a Chronic Disease?

A chronic disease is a condition that lasts for an extended period of time, often affecting daily life and activities. Unlike acute diseases, which have a specific beginning and end, chronic diseases are long-term and persistent. Examples of chronic diseases include:

1. Diabetes
2. Heart disease
3. Arthritis
4. Asthma
5. Cancer
6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
7. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
8. Hypertension
9. Osteoporosis
10. Stroke

Impact of Chronic Diseases

The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the WHO. In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.

Chronic diseases can also have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, limiting their ability to participate in activities they enjoy and affecting their relationships with family and friends. Moreover, the financial burden of chronic diseases can lead to poverty and reduce economic productivity, thus having a broader societal impact.

Addressing Chronic Diseases

Given the significant burden of chronic diseases, it is essential that we address them effectively. This requires a multi-faceted approach that includes:

1. Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging healthy behaviors such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and smoking cessation can help prevent and manage chronic diseases.
2. Early detection and diagnosis: Identifying risk factors and detecting diseases early can help prevent or delay their progression.
3. Medication management: Effective medication management is crucial for controlling symptoms and slowing disease progression.
4. Multi-disciplinary care: Collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and families is essential for managing chronic diseases.
5. Health promotion and disease prevention: Educating individuals about the risks of chronic diseases and promoting healthy behaviors can help prevent their onset.
6. Addressing social determinants of health: Social determinants such as poverty, education, and employment can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Addressing these factors is essential for reducing health disparities and improving overall health.
7. Investing in healthcare infrastructure: Investing in healthcare infrastructure, technology, and research is necessary to improve disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
8. Encouraging policy change: Policy changes can help create supportive environments for healthy behaviors and reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
9. Increasing public awareness: Raising public awareness about the risks and consequences of chronic diseases can help individuals make informed decisions about their health.
10. Providing support for caregivers: Chronic diseases can have a significant impact on family members and caregivers, so providing them with support is essential for improving overall health outcomes.

Conclusion

Chronic diseases are a major public health burden that affect millions of people worldwide. Addressing these diseases requires a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, addressing social determinants of health, investing in healthcare infrastructure, encouraging policy change, increasing public awareness, and providing support for caregivers. By taking a comprehensive approach to chronic disease prevention and management, we can improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection is a condition in which the body is infected with HIV, a type of retrovirus that attacks the body's immune system. HIV infection can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), a condition in which the immune system is severely damaged and the body is unable to fight off infections and diseases.

There are several ways that HIV can be transmitted, including:

1. Sexual contact with an infected person
2. Sharing of needles or other drug paraphernalia with an infected person
3. Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. Blood transfusions ( although this is rare in developed countries due to screening processes)
5. Organ transplantation (again, rare)

The symptoms of HIV infection can be mild at first and may not appear until several years after infection. These symptoms can include:

1. Fever
2. Fatigue
3. Swollen glands in the neck, armpits, and groin
4. Rash
5. Muscle aches and joint pain
6. Night sweats
7. Diarrhea
8. Weight loss

If left untreated, HIV infection can progress to AIDS, which is a life-threatening condition that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including:

1. Opportunistic infections (such as pneumocystis pneumonia)
2. Cancer (such as Kaposi's sarcoma)
3. Wasting syndrome
4. Neurological problems (such as dementia and seizures)

HIV infection is diagnosed through a combination of blood tests and physical examination. Treatment typically involves antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is a combination of medications that work together to suppress the virus and slow the progression of the disease.

Prevention methods for HIV infection include:

1. Safe sex practices, such as using condoms and dental dams
2. Avoiding sharing needles or other drug-injecting equipment
3. Avoiding mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
4. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which is a short-term treatment that can prevent infection after potential exposure to the virus
5. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which is a daily medication that can prevent infection in people who are at high risk of being exposed to the virus.

It's important to note that HIV infection is manageable with proper treatment and care, and that people living with HIV can lead long and healthy lives. However, it's important to be aware of the risks and take steps to prevent transmission.

Types of Substance-Related Disorders:

1. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD): A chronic disease characterized by the excessive consumption of alcohol, leading to impaired control over drinking, social or personal problems, and increased risk of health issues.
2. Opioid Use Disorder (OUD): A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of opioids, such as prescription painkillers or heroin, leading to withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not available.
3. Stimulant Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of stimulants, such as cocaine or amphetamines, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.
4. Cannabis Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of cannabis, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.
5. Hallucinogen Use Disorder: A chronic disease characterized by the excessive use of hallucinogens, such as LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, leading to impaired control over use and increased risk of adverse effects.

Causes and Risk Factors:

1. Genetics: Individuals with a family history of substance-related disorders are more likely to develop these conditions.
2. Mental health: Individuals with mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety, may be more likely to use substances as a form of self-medication.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to substances at an early age, peer pressure, and social environment can increase the risk of developing a substance-related disorder.
4. Brain chemistry: Substance use can alter brain chemistry, leading to dependence and addiction.

Symptoms:

1. Increased tolerance: The need to use more of the substance to achieve the desired effect.
2. Withdrawal: Experiencing symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, or nausea when the substance is not present.
3. Loss of control: Using more substance than intended or for longer than intended.
4. Neglecting responsibilities: Neglecting responsibilities at home, work, or school due to substance use.
5. Continued use despite negative consequences: Continuing to use the substance despite physical, emotional, or financial consequences.

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination: A doctor may perform a physical examination to look for signs of substance use, such as track marks or changes in heart rate and blood pressure.
2. Laboratory tests: Blood or urine tests can confirm the presence of substances in the body.
3. Psychological evaluation: A mental health professional may conduct a psychological evaluation to assess symptoms of substance-related disorders and determine the presence of co-occurring conditions.

Treatment:

1. Detoxification: A medically-supervised detox program can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
2. Medications: Medications such as methadone or buprenorphine may be prescribed to manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.
3. Behavioral therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management are effective behavioral therapies for treating substance use disorders.
4. Support groups: Joining a support group such as Narcotics Anonymous can provide a sense of community and support for individuals in recovery.
5. Lifestyle changes: Making healthy lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can help manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings.

It's important to note that diagnosis and treatment of substance-related disorders is a complex process and should be individualized based on the specific needs and circumstances of each patient.

STDs can cause a range of symptoms, including genital itching, burning during urination, unusual discharge, and painful sex. Some STDs can also lead to long-term health problems, such as infertility, chronic pain, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer.

STDs are usually diagnosed through a physical exam, blood tests, or other diagnostic tests. Treatment for STDs varies depending on the specific infection and can include antibiotics, antiviral medication, or other therapies. It's important to practice safe sex, such as using condoms, to reduce the risk of getting an STD.

Some of the most common STDs include:

* Chlamydia: A bacterial infection that can cause genital itching, burning during urination, and unusual discharge.
* Gonorrhea: A bacterial infection that can cause similar symptoms to chlamydia.
* Syphilis: A bacterial infection that can cause a painless sore on the genitals, followed by a rash and other symptoms.
* Herpes: A viral infection that can cause genital itching, burning during urination, and painful sex.
* HPV: A viral infection that can cause genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
* HIV/AIDS: A viral infection that can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, and weight loss, and can lead to AIDS if left untreated.

It's important to note that some STDs can be spread through non-sexual contact, such as sharing needles or mother-to-child transmission during childbirth. It's also important to know that many STDs can be asymptomatic, meaning you may not have any symptoms even if you are infected.

If you think you may have been exposed to an STD, it's important to get tested as soon as possible. Many STDs can be easily treated with antibiotics or other medications, but if left untreated, they can lead to serious complications and long-term health problems.

It's also important to practice safe sex to reduce the risk of getting an STD. This includes using condoms, as well as getting vaccinated against HPV and Hepatitis B, which are both common causes of STDs.

In addition to getting tested and practicing safe sex, it's important to be aware of your sexual health and the risks associated with sex. This includes being aware of any symptoms you may experience, as well as being aware of your partner's sexual history and any STDs they may have. By being informed and proactive about your sexual health, you can help reduce the risk of getting an STD and maintain good sexual health.

Acute wounds and injuries are those that occur suddenly and heal within a relatively short period of time, usually within a few days or weeks. Examples of acute wounds include cuts, scrapes, and burns. Chronic wounds and injuries, on the other hand, are those that persist over a longer period of time and may not heal properly, leading to long-term complications. Examples of chronic wounds include diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and chronic back pain.

Wounds and injuries can be caused by a variety of factors, including accidents, sports injuries, violence, and medical conditions such as diabetes or circulatory problems. Treatment for wounds and injuries depends on the severity of the injury and may include cleaning and dressing the wound, applying antibiotics, immobilizing broken bones, and providing pain management. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or restore function.

Preventive measures for wounds and injuries include wearing appropriate protective gear during activities such as sports or work, following safety protocols to avoid accidents, maintaining proper hygiene and nutrition to prevent infection, and seeking medical attention promptly if an injury occurs.

Overall, wounds and injuries can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, and it is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper treatment and management of wounds and injuries can help to promote healing, reduce the risk of complications, and improve long-term outcomes.

Neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Neoplasms can occur in any part of the body and can affect various organs and tissues. The term "neoplasm" is often used interchangeably with "tumor," but while all tumors are neoplasms, not all neoplasms are tumors.

Types of Neoplasms

There are many different types of neoplasms, including:

1. Carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the epithelial cells lining organs and glands. Examples include breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
2. Sarcomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Examples include osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and soft tissue sarcoma.
3. Lymphomas: These are cancers of the immune system, specifically affecting the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Examples include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Leukemias: These are cancers of the blood and bone marrow that affect the white blood cells. Examples include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
5. Melanomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Examples include skin melanoma and eye melanoma.

Causes and Risk Factors of Neoplasms

The exact causes of neoplasms are not fully understood, but there are several known risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing a neoplasm. These include:

1. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be born with genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
2. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as radiation and certain chemicals, can increase the risk of developing a neoplasm.
3. Infection: Some neoplasms are caused by viruses or bacteria. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of cervical cancer.
4. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a poor diet can increase the risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
5. Family history: A person's risk of developing a neoplasm may be higher if they have a family history of the condition.

Signs and Symptoms of Neoplasms

The signs and symptoms of neoplasms can vary depending on the type of cancer and where it is located in the body. Some common signs and symptoms include:

1. Unusual lumps or swelling
2. Pain
3. Fatigue
4. Weight loss
5. Change in bowel or bladder habits
6. Unexplained bleeding
7. Coughing up blood
8. Hoarseness or a persistent cough
9. Changes in appetite or digestion
10. Skin changes, such as a new mole or a change in the size or color of an existing mole.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasms

The diagnosis of a neoplasm usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the suspected tumor and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.

The treatment of neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Some common treatments include:

1. Surgery: Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue can be an effective way to treat many types of cancer.
2. Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
3. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer is located in a specific area of the body.
4. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
5. Targeted therapy: Using drugs or other substances to target specific molecules on cancer cells can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.

Prevention of Neoplasms

While it is not always possible to prevent neoplasms, there are several steps that can reduce the risk of developing cancer. These include:

1. Avoiding exposure to known carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke and radiation)
2. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
3. Getting regular exercise
4. Not smoking or using tobacco products
5. Limiting alcohol consumption
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viruses that are associated with cancer (such as human papillomavirus, or HPV)
7. Participating in screening programs for early detection of cancer (such as mammograms for breast cancer and colonoscopies for colon cancer)
8. Avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight and using protective measures such as sunscreen and hats to prevent skin cancer.

It's important to note that not all cancers can be prevented, and some may be caused by factors that are not yet understood or cannot be controlled. However, by taking these steps, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.

1. Asbestosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers.
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome: a nerve disorder caused by repetitive motion and pressure on the wrist.
3. Mesothelioma: a type of cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.
4. Pneumoconiosis: a lung disease caused by inhaling dust from mining or other heavy industries.
5. Repetitive strain injuries: injuries caused by repetitive motions, such as typing or using vibrating tools.
6. Skin conditions: such as skin irritation and dermatitis caused by exposure to chemicals or other substances in the workplace.
7. Hearing loss: caused by loud noises in the workplace.
8. Back injuries: caused by lifting, bending, or twisting.
9. Respiratory problems: such as asthma and other breathing difficulties caused by exposure to chemicals or dust in the workplace.
10. Cancer: caused by exposure to carcinogens such as radiation, certain chemicals, or heavy metals in the workplace.

Occupational diseases can be difficult to diagnose and treat, as they often develop gradually over time and may not be immediately attributed to the work environment. In some cases, these diseases may not appear until years after exposure has ended. It is important for workers to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their job and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing protective gear, following safety protocols, and seeking regular medical check-ups. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and follow strict regulations to prevent the spread of occupational diseases.

There are several types of diabetes mellitus, including:

1. Type 1 DM: This is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, resulting in a complete deficiency of insulin production. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence, and patients with this condition require lifelong insulin therapy.
2. Type 2 DM: This is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all cases. It is caused by a combination of insulin resistance (where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin) and impaired insulin secretion. It is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and a diet high in sugar and unhealthy fats.
3. Gestational DM: This type of diabetes develops during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester. Hormonal changes and insulin resistance can cause blood sugar levels to rise, putting both the mother and baby at risk.
4. LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults): This is a form of type 1 DM that develops in adults, typically after the age of 30. It shares features with both type 1 and type 2 DM.
5. MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young): This is a rare form of diabetes caused by genetic mutations that affect insulin production. It typically develops in young adulthood and can be managed with lifestyle changes and/or medication.

The symptoms of diabetes mellitus can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:

1. Increased thirst and urination
2. Fatigue
3. Blurred vision
4. Cuts or bruises that are slow to heal
5. Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
6. Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
7. Flu-like symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, and stomach pain
8. Dark, velvety skin patches (acanthosis nigricans)
9. Yellowish color of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
10. Delayed healing of cuts and wounds

If left untreated, diabetes mellitus can lead to a range of complications, including:

1. Heart disease and stroke
2. Kidney damage and failure
3. Nerve damage (neuropathy)
4. Eye damage (retinopathy)
5. Foot damage (neuropathic ulcers)
6. Cognitive impairment and dementia
7. Increased risk of infections and other diseases, such as pneumonia, gum disease, and urinary tract infections.

It is important to note that not all individuals with diabetes will experience these complications, and that proper management of the condition can greatly reduce the risk of developing these complications.

The exact cause of depressive disorder is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some common risk factors for developing depressive disorder include:

* Family history of depression
* Traumatic events, such as abuse or loss
* Chronic stress
* Substance abuse
* Chronic illness or chronic pain

There are several different types of depressive disorders, including:

* Major depressive disorder (MDD): This is the most common type of depression, characterized by one or more major depressive episodes in a person's lifetime.
* Persistent depressive disorder (PDD): This type of depression is characterized by persistent, low-grade symptoms that last for two years or more.
* Bipolar disorder: This is a mood disorder that involves periods of both depression and mania or hypomania.
* Postpartum depression (PPD): This is a type of depression that occurs in women after childbirth.
* Severe depression: This is a severe and debilitating form of depression that can interfere with daily life and relationships.

Treatment for depressive disorder typically involves a combination of medication and therapy, such as antidepressant medications and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Other forms of therapy, such as psychodynamic therapy or interpersonal therapy, may also be effective. Lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep, can also help manage symptoms.

It's important to seek professional help if you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depressive disorder. With proper treatment, many people are able to recover from depression and lead fulfilling lives.

There are several different types of malaria, including:

1. Plasmodium falciparum: This is the most severe form of malaria, and it can be fatal if left untreated. It is found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
2. Plasmodium vivax: This type of malaria is less severe than P. falciparum, but it can still cause serious complications if left untreated. It is found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
3. Plasmodium ovale: This type of malaria is similar to P. vivax, but it can cause more severe symptoms in some people. It is found primarily in West Africa.
4. Plasmodium malariae: This type of malaria is less common than the other three types, and it tends to cause milder symptoms. It is found primarily in parts of Africa and Asia.

The symptoms of malaria can vary depending on the type of parasite that is causing the infection, but they typically include:

1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Headache
4. Muscle and joint pain
5. Fatigue
6. Nausea and vomiting
7. Diarrhea
8. Anemia (low red blood cell count)

If malaria is not treated promptly, it can lead to more severe complications, such as:

1. Seizures
2. Coma
3. Respiratory failure
4. Kidney failure
5. Liver failure
6. Anemia (low red blood cell count)

Malaria is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood smears or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Treatment for malaria typically involves the use of antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine or artemisinin-based combination therapies. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications and provide supportive care.

Prevention is an important aspect of managing malaria, and this can include:

1. Using insecticide-treated bed nets
2. Wearing protective clothing and applying insect repellent when outdoors
3. Eliminating standing water around homes and communities to reduce the number of mosquito breeding sites
4. Using indoor residual spraying (IRS) or insecticide-treated wall lining to kill mosquitoes
5. Implementing malaria control measures in areas where malaria is common, such as distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)
6. Improving access to healthcare services, particularly in rural and remote areas
7. Providing education and awareness about malaria prevention and control
8. Encouraging the use of preventive medications, such as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) for pregnant women and children under the age of five.

Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical in preventing the progression of malaria and reducing the risk of complications and death. In areas where malaria is common, it is essential to have access to reliable diagnostic tools and effective antimalarial drugs.

The symptoms of PTSD can vary widely and may include:

1. Flashbacks or intrusive memories of the traumatic event
2. Nightmares or disturbed sleep
3. Avoidance of people, places, or activities that remind them of the event
4. Hypervigilance or an exaggerated startle response
5. Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
6. Irritability, anger, or other mood changes
7. Physical symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, or muscle tension

The exact cause of PTSD is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve changes in the brain's response to stress and the release of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) that help regulate emotions and memory.

PTSD can be diagnosed by a mental health professional using a combination of psychological evaluation and medical history. Treatment for PTSD typically involves therapy, medication, or a combination of both. Therapy may include exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), or other forms of talk therapy. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antidepressants may be used to help manage symptoms.

Prevention is an important aspect of managing PTSD, and this includes seeking support from friends, family, or mental health professionals soon after the traumatic event. Self-care practices such as exercise, meditation, or relaxation techniques can also be helpful in reducing stress and promoting emotional well-being.

Examples of communicable diseases include:

1. Influenza (the flu)
2. Measles
3. Tuberculosis (TB)
4. HIV/AIDS
5. Malaria
6. Hepatitis B and C
7. Chickenpox
8. Whooping cough (pertussis)
9. Meningitis
10. Pneumonia

Communicable diseases can be spread through various means, including:

1. Direct contact with an infected person: This includes touching, hugging, shaking hands, or sharing food and drinks with someone who is infected.
2. Indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or objects: Pathogens can survive on surfaces for a period of time and can be transmitted to people who come into contact with those surfaces.
3. Airborne transmission: Some diseases, such as the flu and TB, can be spread through the air when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes.
4. Infected insect or animal bites: Diseases such as malaria and Lyme disease can be spread through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks.

Prevention and control of communicable diseases are essential to protect public health. This includes:

1. Vaccination: Vaccines can prevent many communicable diseases, such as measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and influenza.
2. Personal hygiene: Frequent handwashing, covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick can help prevent the spread of diseases.
3. Improved sanitation and clean water: Proper disposal of human waste and adequate water treatment can reduce the risk of disease transmission.
4. Screening and testing: Identifying and isolating infected individuals can help prevent the spread of disease.
5. Antibiotics and antiviral medications: These drugs can treat and prevent some communicable diseases, such as bacterial infections and viral infections like HIV.
6. Public education: Educating the public about the risks and prevention of communicable diseases can help reduce the spread of disease.
7. Contact tracing: Identifying and monitoring individuals who have been in close contact with someone who has a communicable disease can help prevent further transmission.
8. Quarantine and isolation: Quarantine and isolation measures can be used to control outbreaks by separating infected individuals from those who are not infected.
9. Improved healthcare infrastructure: Adequate healthcare facilities, such as hospitals and clinics, can help diagnose and treat communicable diseases early on, reducing the risk of transmission.
10. International collaboration: Collaboration between countries and global organizations is crucial for preventing and controlling the spread of communicable diseases that are a threat to public health worldwide, such as pandemic flu and SARS.

In the medical field, emergencies are situations that require immediate medical attention to prevent serious harm or death. These situations may include:

1. Life-threatening injuries, such as gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or severe head trauma.
2. Severe illnesses, such as heart attacks, strokes, or respiratory distress.
3. Acute and severe pain, such as from a broken bone or severe burns.
4. Mental health emergencies, such as suicidal thoughts or behaviors, or psychosis.
5. Obstetric emergencies, such as preterm labor or placental abruption.
6. Pediatric emergencies, such as respiratory distress or dehydration in infants and children.
7. Trauma, such as from a car accident or fall.
8. Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, or floods.
9. Environmental emergencies, such as carbon monoxide poisoning or exposure to toxic substances.
10. Mass casualty incidents, such as a terrorist attack or plane crash.

In all of these situations, prompt and appropriate medical care is essential to prevent further harm and save lives. Emergency responders, including paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and other healthcare providers, are trained to quickly assess the situation, provide immediate care, and transport patients to a hospital if necessary.

There are several different types of obesity, including:

1. Central obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by excess fat around the waistline, which can increase the risk of health problems such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
2. Peripheral obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by excess fat in the hips, thighs, and arms.
3. Visceral obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by excess fat around the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
4. Mixed obesity: This type of obesity is characterized by both central and peripheral obesity.

Obesity can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lack of physical activity, poor diet, sleep deprivation, and certain medications. Treatment for obesity typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes, such as increased physical activity and a healthy diet, and in some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to achieve weight loss.

Preventing obesity is important for overall health and well-being, and can be achieved through a variety of strategies, including:

1. Eating a healthy, balanced diet that is low in added sugars, saturated fats, and refined carbohydrates.
2. Engaging in regular physical activity, such as walking, jogging, or swimming.
3. Getting enough sleep each night.
4. Managing stress levels through relaxation techniques, such as meditation or deep breathing.
5. Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and quitting smoking.
6. Monitoring weight and body mass index (BMI) on a regular basis to identify any changes or potential health risks.
7. Seeking professional help from a healthcare provider or registered dietitian for personalized guidance on weight management and healthy lifestyle choices.

Some common examples of respiratory tract diseases include:

1. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
2. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways (bronchi) that can cause coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
3. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive condition that makes it difficult to breathe due to damage to the lungs over time.
5. Tuberculosis: An infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs.
6. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) that can cause hoarseness and difficulty speaking.
7. Tracheitis: Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe, that can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
8. Croup: An infection of the throat and lungs that can cause a barky cough and difficulty breathing.
9. Pleurisy: Inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleura) that can cause chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Pertussis (whooping cough): An infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis that can cause coughing fits and difficulty breathing.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of respiratory tract diseases that exist. Each one has its own unique symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

1. Coronary artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart.
2. Heart failure: A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
3. Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can be too fast, too slow, or irregular.
4. Heart valve disease: Problems with the heart valves that control blood flow through the heart.
5. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy): Disease of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure.
6. Congenital heart disease: Defects in the heart's structure and function that are present at birth.
7. Peripheral artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the arms, legs, and other organs.
8. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg.
9. Pulmonary embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, which can be caused by a blood clot or other debris.
10. Stroke: A condition in which there is a lack of oxygen to the brain due to a blockage or rupture of blood vessels.

Asthma can cause recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms occur when the muscles surrounding the airways contract, causing the airways to narrow and swell. This can be triggered by exposure to environmental allergens or irritants such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or respiratory infections.

There is no cure for asthma, but it can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Treatment typically includes inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, bronchodilators to open up the airways, and rescue medications to relieve symptoms during an asthma attack.

Asthma is a common condition that affects people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children. According to the American Lung Association, more than 25 million Americans have asthma, and it is the third leading cause of hospitalization for children under the age of 18.

While there is no cure for asthma, early diagnosis and proper treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by the condition.

Symptoms may include sensitivity, discomfort, visible holes or stains on teeth, bad breath, and difficulty chewing or biting. If left untreated, dental caries can progress and lead to more serious complications such as abscesses, infections, and even tooth loss.

To prevent dental caries, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using mouthwash regularly. Limiting sugary foods and drinks and visiting a dentist for regular check-ups can also help prevent the disease.

Dental caries is treatable through various methods such as fillings, crowns, root canals, extractions, and preventive measures like fissure sealants and fluoride applications. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent further damage and restore oral health.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) defines alcohol use disorder as a maladaptive pattern of alcohol use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress in at least three of the following areas:

1. Drinking more or for longer than intended.
2. Desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control drinking.
3. Spending a lot of time drinking or recovering from its effects.
4. Craving or strong desire to drink.
5. Drinking interferes with work, school, or home responsibilities.
6. Continuing to drink despite social or personal problems caused by alcohol use.
7. Giving up important activities in order to drink.
8. Drinking in hazardous situations (e.g., while driving).
9. Continued drinking despite physical or psychological problems caused or worsened by alcohol use.
10. Developing tolerance (i.e., needing to drink more to achieve the desired effect).
11. Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is stopped or reduced.

The severity of alcoholism is categorized into three subtypes based on the number of criteria met: mild, moderate, and severe. Treatment for alcoholism typically involves a combination of behavioral interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing) and medications (e.g., disulfiram, naltrexone, acamprosate) to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

In conclusion, alcoholism is a chronic and often progressive disease characterized by excessive and compulsive consumption of alcohol despite negative consequences to physical and mental health, relationships, and social functioning. The diagnostic criteria for alcoholism include a combination of physiological, behavioral, and subjective symptoms, and treatment typically involves a combination of behavioral interventions and medications to manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

The symptoms of AIDS can vary depending on the individual and the stage of the disease. Common symptoms include:

1. Fever
2. Fatigue
3. Swollen glands
4. Rash
5. Muscle aches and joint pain
6. Night sweats
7. Diarrhea
8. Weight loss
9. Memory loss and other neurological problems
10. Cancer and other opportunistic infections.

AIDS is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of HIV antibodies or the virus itself. There is no cure for AIDS, but antiretroviral therapy (ART) can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Prevention methods include using condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and avoiding sharing needles or other injection equipment.

In summary, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a severe and life-threatening condition caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is characterized by a severely weakened immune system, which makes it difficult to fight off infections and diseases. While there is no cure for AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Prevention methods include using condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and avoiding sharing needles or other injection equipment.

Some common types of tooth diseases include:

1. Caries (cavities): A bacterial infection that causes the decay of tooth enamel, leading to holes or cavities in the teeth.
2. Periodontal disease (gum disease): An infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone.
3. Tooth sensitivity: Pain or discomfort when eating or drinking hot or cold foods and beverages due to exposed dentin or gum recession.
4. Dental abscesses: Infections that can cause pain, swelling, and pus in the teeth and gums.
5. Tooth erosion: Wear away of the tooth enamel caused by acidic foods and drinks or certain medical conditions.
6. Tooth grinding (bruxism): The habit of grinding or clenching the teeth, which can cause wear on the teeth, jaw pain, and headaches.
7. Dental malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth, which can cause difficulty chewing, speaking, and other oral health problems.
8. Tooth loss: Loss of one or more teeth due to decay, gum disease, injury, or other causes.

Prevention and treatment of tooth diseases usually involve good oral hygiene practices such as brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. In some cases, more advanced treatments such as fillings, crowns, root canals, or extractions may be necessary.

Some common types of anxiety disorders include:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Excessive and persistent worry about everyday things, even when there is no apparent reason to be concerned.
2. Panic Disorder: Recurring panic attacks, which are sudden feelings of intense fear or anxiety that can occur at any time, even when there is no obvious trigger.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Excessive and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.
4. Specific Phobias: Persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that is out of proportion to the actual danger posed.
5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Recurring, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that are distressing and disruptive to daily life.
6. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Persistent symptoms of anxiety, fear, and avoidance after experiencing a traumatic event.

Anxiety disorders can be treated with a combination of psychotherapy, medication, or both, depending on the specific diagnosis and severity of symptoms. With appropriate treatment, many people with anxiety disorders are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): A disorder marked by a pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures.
3. Conduct Disorder (CD): A disorder characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the child violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules.
4. Anxiety Disorders: A group of disorders that cause excessive fear, worry, or anxiety that interferes with daily life.
5. Mood Disorders: A group of disorders that affect a child's mood, causing them to feel sad, hopeless, or angry for extended periods of time.
6. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.
7. Tourette Syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, often involving involuntary sounds or words.
8. Selective Mutism: A disorder characterized by a persistent and excessive fear of speaking in certain situations, such as school or social events.
9. Separation Anxiety Disorder: A disorder characterized by excessive and persistent anxiety related to separation from home or loved ones.
10. Disruptive Behavior Disorders: A group of disorders that include ODD, CD, and conduct disorder, which are characterized by a pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules.

These disorders can be challenging to diagnose and treat, but early identification and intervention can make a significant difference in a child's outcome. It is important for parents and caregivers to seek professional help if they notice any signs of these disorders in their child.

* Emotional distress, such as anxiety, sadness, or irritability
* Difficulty sleeping or concentrating
* Changes in appetite or eating habits
* Social withdrawal or avoidance of social situations
* Physical symptoms, such as headaches or muscle tension

Adjustment disorder can be diagnosed by a mental health professional based on the presence of these symptoms and their duration. Treatment for adjustment disorder may involve therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication, such as antidepressants.

It is important to note that adjustment disorder is not a sign of weakness, and it is not something that a person can simply "snap out of." It is a real condition that requires professional treatment in order to recover fully. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with adjustment disorder can learn to cope with the stresses in their life and regain their emotional balance.

There are several types of adjustment disorders, including:

* Adjustment disorder with anxiety: This type of adjustment disorder is characterized by excessive worry or fear about the future, and may include physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat or shortness of breath.
* Adjustment disorder with depressed mood: This type of adjustment disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, and may include changes in appetite or sleep patterns.
* Adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood: This type of adjustment disorder is characterized by both anxious and depressed symptoms, such as worrying about the future while also feeling sad or hopeless.

It is important to seek professional help if you are experiencing any of the symptoms of adjustment disorder, especially if they are interfering with your daily life or causing significant distress. With appropriate treatment, individuals with adjustment disorder can learn to cope with stress and regain their emotional balance.

It's important to note that while adjustment disorder is a real condition, it is not the same as depression or anxiety disorders. However, these conditions can often occur at the same time as adjustment disorder, and may need to be treated separately.

Treatment for adjustment disorder typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety drugs. Psychotherapy can help individuals with adjustment disorder learn new coping skills and strategies for managing stress, while medication can help reduce the symptoms of anxiety or depression.

In addition to professional treatment, there are several things that individuals with adjustment disorder can do at home to help manage their symptoms, such as:

* Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or yoga
* Engaging in regular exercise, which can help reduce stress and improve mood
* Getting enough sleep and maintaining a healthy diet
* Avoiding alcohol and drugs, which can worsen symptoms of adjustment disorder
* Seeking support from friends, family, or support groups.

It's important to seek professional help if you are experiencing symptoms of adjustment disorder, as early treatment can help improve the chances of a successful recovery.

Some common types of psychotic disorders include:

1. Schizophrenia: A chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.
2. Bipolar Disorder: A mood disorder that causes extreme changes in mood, energy, and behavior. It can lead to manic or hypomanic episodes, as well as depression.
3. Schizoaffective Disorder: A mental disorder that combines symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and mood swings.
4. Brief Psychotic Disorder: A short-term episode of psychosis that can be triggered by a stressful event. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and a break from reality.
5. Postpartum Psychosis: A rare condition that occurs in some new mothers after childbirth. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and a break from reality.
6. Drug-Induced Psychosis: A psychotic episode caused by taking certain medications or drugs. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and a break from reality.
7. Alcohol-Related Psychosis: A psychotic episode caused by alcohol use disorder. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and a break from reality.
8. Trauma-Related Psychosis: A psychotic episode caused by a traumatic event. It can cause hallucinations, delusions, and a break from reality.
9. Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS): A catch-all diagnosis for psychotic episodes that do not meet the criteria for any other specific psychotic disorder.

Symptoms of psychotic disorders can vary depending on the individual and the specific disorder. Common symptoms include:

1. Hallucinations: Seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there.
2. Delusions: False beliefs that are not based in reality.
3. Disorganized thinking and speech: Difficulty organizing thoughts and expressing them in a clear and logical manner.
4. Disorganized behavior: Incoherent or bizarre behavior, such as dressing inappropriately for the weather or neglecting personal hygiene.
5. Catatonia: A state of immobility or abnormal movement, such as rigidity or agitation.
6. Negative symptoms: A decrease in emotional expression or motivation, such as a flat affect or a lack of interest in activities.
7. Cognitive impairment: Difficulty with attention, memory, and other cognitive functions.
8. Social withdrawal: Avoidance of social interactions and relationships.
9. Lack of self-care: Neglecting personal hygiene, nutrition, and other basic needs.
10. Suicidal or homicidal ideation: Thoughts of harming oneself or others.

It's important to note that not everyone with schizophrenia will experience all of these symptoms, and some people may experience additional symptoms not listed here. Additionally, the severity and frequency of symptoms can vary widely from person to person. With proper treatment and support, many people with schizophrenia are able to manage their symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.

There are several types of mood disorders, including:

1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): This is a condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed. It can also involve changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and energy levels.
2. Bipolar Disorder: This is a condition that involves periods of mania or hypomania (elevated mood) alternating with episodes of depression.
3. Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): This is a condition characterized by persistent low mood, lasting for two years or more. It can also involve changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and energy levels.
4. Postpartum Depression (PPD): This is a condition that occurs in some women after childbirth, characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and a lack of interest in activities.
5. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): This is a condition that occurs during the winter months, when there is less sunlight. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, lethargy, and a lack of energy.
6. Anxious Distress: This is a condition characterized by excessive worry, fear, and anxiety that interferes with daily life.
7. Adjustment Disorder: This is a condition that occurs when an individual experiences a significant change or stressor in their life, such as the loss of a loved one or a job change. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and a lack of interest in activities.
8. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): This is a condition that occurs in some women during the premenstrual phase of their menstrual cycle, characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, and a lack of energy.

Mood disorders can be treated with a combination of medication and therapy. Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are commonly used to treat mood disorders. These medications can help relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), can also be effective in treating mood disorders. CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their depression, while IPT focuses on improving communication skills and relationships with others.

In addition to medication and therapy, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can also be helpful in managing mood disorders. Support from family and friends, as well as self-care activities such as meditation and relaxation techniques, can also be beneficial.

It is important to seek professional help if symptoms of depression or anxiety persist or worsen over time. With appropriate treatment, individuals with mood disorders can experience significant improvement in their symptoms and overall quality of life.

1. Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to complications such as stroke or premature birth.
2. Gestational diabetes: A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, which can cause complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
3. Placenta previa: A condition in which the placenta is located low in the uterus, covering the cervix, which can cause bleeding and other complications.
4. Premature labor: Labor that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
5. Fetal distress: A condition in which the fetus is not getting enough oxygen, which can lead to serious health problems or even death.
6. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
7. Cesarean section (C-section) complications: Complications that may arise during a C-section, such as infection or bleeding.
8. Maternal infections: Infections that the mother may contract during pregnancy or childbirth, such as group B strep or urinary tract infections.
9. Preterm birth: Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
10. Chromosomal abnormalities: Genetic disorders that may affect the baby's growth and development, such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome.

It is important for pregnant women to receive regular prenatal care to monitor for any potential complications and ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome. In some cases, pregnancy complications may require medical interventions, such as hospitalization or surgery, to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

1. Osteoarthritis: A degenerative joint disease that affects the cartilage and bone in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
2. Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and deformity.
3. Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
4. Tendinitis: Inflammation of a tendon, which can cause pain and stiffness in the affected area.
5. Bursitis: Inflammation of the fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that cushion joints, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
6. Carpal tunnel syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.
7. Sprains and strains: Injuries to the ligaments or muscles, often caused by sudden twisting or overstretching.
8. Back pain: Pain in the back that can be caused by a variety of factors, such as muscle strain, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis.
9. Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures.
10. Clubfoot: A congenital deformity in which the foot is turned inward and downward.

These are just a few examples of musculoskeletal diseases, and there are many more conditions that can affect the muscles, bones, and joints. Treatment options for these conditions can range from conservative methods such as physical therapy and medication to surgical interventions. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any persistent or severe symptoms in your musculoskeletal system.

IV drug use can cause a range of short-term and long-term health problems, including infections, abscesses, blood-borne illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, and overdose. In addition to physical health issues, IV substance abuse can also lead to mental health problems, financial and legal problems, and social isolation.

Treatment for IV substance abuse typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. Behavioral therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management can help individuals modify their drug-seeking behaviors and develop coping skills to maintain sobriety. Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can also be used to manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings for drugs.

Prevention strategies for IV substance abuse include education and awareness campaigns, community-based outreach programs, and harm reduction services such as needle exchange programs. These strategies aim to reduce the initiation of IV drug use, particularly among young people and other vulnerable populations.

There are different types of Breast Neoplasms such as:

1. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors that are made up of glandular and fibrous tissues. They are usually small and round, with a smooth surface, and can be moved easily under the skin.

2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in both breast tissue and milk ducts. They are usually benign and can disappear on their own or be drained surgically.

3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): This is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive breast cancer.

4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): This is the most common type of breast cancer and starts in the milk ducts but grows out of them and invades surrounding tissue.

5. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): It originates in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and grows out of them, invading nearby tissue.

Breast Neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area, skin changes like redness or dimpling, change in size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from the nipple, and changes in the texture or color of the skin.

Treatment options for Breast Neoplasms may include surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.

It is important to note that not all Breast Neoplasms are cancerous; some are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that do not spread or grow.

There are two main forms of TB:

1. Active TB: This is the form of the disease where the bacteria are actively growing and causing symptoms such as coughing, fever, chest pain, and fatigue. Active TB can be contagious and can spread to others if not treated properly.
2. Latent TB: This is the form of the disease where the bacteria are present in the body but are not actively growing or causing symptoms. People with latent TB do not feel sick and are not contagious, but they can still become sick with active TB if their immune system is weakened.

TB is a major public health concern, especially in developing countries where access to healthcare may be limited. The disease is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical imaging, and laboratory tests such as skin tests or blood tests. Treatment for TB typically involves a course of antibiotics, which can be effective in curing the disease if taken properly. However, drug-resistant forms of TB have emerged in some parts of the world, making treatment more challenging.

Preventive measures against TB include:

1. Vaccination with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, which can provide some protection against severe forms of the disease but not against latent TB.
2. Avoiding close contact with people who have active TB, especially if they are coughing or sneezing.
3. Practicing good hygiene, such as covering one's mouth when coughing or sneezing and regularly washing hands.
4. Getting regular screenings for TB if you are in a high-risk group, such as healthcare workers or people with weakened immune systems.
5. Avoiding sharing personal items such as towels, utensils, or drinking glasses with people who have active TB.

Overall, while TB is a serious disease that can be challenging to treat and prevent, with the right measures in place, it is possible to reduce its impact on public health and improve outcomes for those affected by the disease.

There are several types of dementia, each with its own set of symptoms and characteristics. Some common types of dementia include:

* Alzheimer's disease: This is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 50-70% of all cases. It is a progressive disease that causes the death of brain cells, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline.
* Vascular dementia: This type of dementia is caused by problems with blood flow to the brain, often as a result of a stroke or small vessel disease. It can cause difficulty with communication, language, and visual-spatial skills.
* Lewy body dementia: This type of dementia is characterized by the presence of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. It can cause a range of symptoms, including memory loss, confusion, hallucinations, and difficulty with movement.
* Frontotemporal dementia: This is a group of diseases that affect the front and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to changes in personality, behavior, and language.

The symptoms of dementia can vary depending on the underlying cause, but common symptoms include:

* Memory loss: Difficulty remembering recent events or learning new information.
* Communication and language difficulties: Struggling to find the right words or understand what others are saying.
* Disorientation: Getting lost in familiar places or having difficulty understanding the time and date.
* Difficulty with problem-solving: Trouble with planning, organizing, and decision-making.
* Mood changes: Depression, anxiety, agitation, or aggression.
* Personality changes: Becoming passive, suspicious, or withdrawn.
* Difficulty with movement: Trouble with coordination, balance, or using utensils.
* Hallucinations: Seeing or hearing things that are not there.
* Sleep disturbances: Having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep.

The symptoms of dementia can be subtle at first and may progress slowly over time. In the early stages, they may be barely noticeable, but as the disease progresses, they can become more pronounced and interfere with daily life. It is important to seek medical advice if you or a loved one is experiencing any of these symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes.

1. Ischemic stroke: This is the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 87% of all strokes. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked, reducing blood flow to the brain.
2. Hemorrhagic stroke: This type of stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain. High blood pressure, aneurysms, and blood vessel malformations can all cause hemorrhagic strokes.
3. Transient ischemic attack (TIA): Also known as a "mini-stroke," a TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain that lasts for a short period of time, usually less than 24 hours. TIAs are often a warning sign for a future stroke and should be taken seriously.

Stroke can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on the location and severity of the damage to the brain. Some common symptoms include:

* Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
* Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
* Sudden vision loss or double vision
* Dizziness, loss of balance, or sudden falls
* Severe headache
* Confusion, disorientation, or difficulty with memory

Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability and can have a significant impact on the quality of life for survivors. However, with prompt medical treatment and rehabilitation, many people are able to recover some or all of their lost functions and lead active lives.

The medical community has made significant progress in understanding stroke and developing effective treatments. Some of the most important advances include:

* Development of clot-busting drugs and mechanical thrombectomy devices to treat ischemic strokes
* Improved imaging techniques, such as CT and MRI scans, to diagnose stroke and determine its cause
* Advances in surgical techniques for hemorrhagic stroke
* Development of new medications to prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of stroke

Despite these advances, stroke remains a significant public health problem. According to the American Heart Association, stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause of long-term disability. In 2017, there were over 795,000 strokes in the United States alone.

There are several risk factors for stroke that can be controlled or modified. These include:

* High blood pressure
* Diabetes mellitus
* High cholesterol levels
* Smoking
* Obesity
* Lack of physical activity
* Poor diet

In addition to these modifiable risk factors, there are also several non-modifiable risk factors for stroke, such as age (stroke risk increases with age), family history of stroke, and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

The medical community has made significant progress in understanding the causes and risk factors for stroke, as well as developing effective treatments and prevention strategies. However, more research is needed to improve outcomes for stroke survivors and reduce the overall burden of this disease.

Postpartum depression is estimated to affect up to 15% of new mothers, although the actual number may be higher due to underreporting. It usually develops within the first few months after delivery, but can sometimes last longer.

The exact cause of postpartum depression is not known, but it is believed to be related to changes in hormone levels and other physical and emotional factors associated with childbirth. Risk factors include a history of depression or anxiety, lack of support, and stressful life events.

Symptoms of postpartum depression can vary from mild to severe and may include:

* Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and helplessness
* Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyed
* Changes in appetite and sleep patterns
* Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
* Thoughts of harming oneself or the baby

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical help as soon as possible. Postpartum depression can be treated with therapy, medication, or a combination of both. With proper treatment, most women with postpartum depression can recover and go on to lead healthy and fulfilling lives.

There are many different types of diseases, ranging from acute and short-term conditions such as the common cold or flu, to chronic and long-term conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, or cancer. Some diseases are infectious, meaning they can be transmitted from one person to another through contact with a contaminated surface or exchange of bodily fluids. Other diseases are non-infectious, meaning they are not transmitted from person to person and are typically caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors.

The diagnosis and treatment of disease is the focus of the medical field, and doctors and other healthcare professionals use a variety of tools and techniques to identify and manage diseases. These may include physical exams, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and medications. In some cases, surgery or other procedures may be necessary to treat a disease.

Some common examples of diseases include:

1. Heart disease: A condition that affects the heart and blood vessels, often caused by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or smoking.
2. Diabetes: A condition in which the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels, often caused by genetics or obesity.
3. Cancer: A condition in which abnormal cells grow and multiply, often causing damage to surrounding tissues.
4. Inflammatory diseases: Conditions such as arthritis, where the body's immune system causes inflammation and pain in the joints.
5. Neurological diseases: Conditions that affect the brain and nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis.
6. Infectious diseases: Conditions caused by the presence of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, including the common cold, flu, and tuberculosis.
7. Genetic diseases: Conditions that are caused by changes in DNA, such as sickle cell anemia or cystic fibrosis.
8. Autoimmune diseases: Conditions where the body's immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
9. Pulmonary diseases: Conditions that affect the lungs, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lung cancer.
10. Gastrointestinal diseases: Conditions that affect the digestive system, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

These are just a few examples of the many different types of diseases that exist. Diseases can be caused by a wide range of factors, including genetics, lifestyle choices, and environmental factors. Understanding the causes and symptoms of different diseases is important for developing effective treatments and improving patient outcomes.

1. Group B streptococcus (GBS): This type of bacterial infection is the leading cause of infections in newborns. GBS can cause a range of complications, including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): These are common during pregnancy and can be caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Staphylococcus saprophyticus. UTIs can lead to complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight.
3. HIV: Pregnant women who are infected with HIV can pass the virus to their baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
4. Toxoplasmosis: This is an infection caused by a parasite that can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. Toxoplasmosis can cause a range of complications, including birth defects and stillbirth.
5. Listeriosis: This is a rare infection caused by eating contaminated food, such as soft cheeses or hot dogs. Listeriosis can cause complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature labor.
6. Influenza: Pregnant women who contract the flu can be at higher risk for complications such as pneumonia and hospitalization.
7. Herpes simplex virus (HSV): This virus can cause complications such as preterm labor, low birth weight, and neonatal herpes.
8. Human parvovirus (HPV): This virus can cause complications such as preterm labor, low birth weight, and stillbirth.
9. Syphilis: This is a sexually transmitted infection that can be passed to the fetus during pregnancy, leading to complications such as stillbirth, premature birth, and congenital syphilis.
10. Chickenpox: Pregnant women who contract chickenpox can be at higher risk for complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight.

It's important to note that the risks associated with these infections are relatively low, and many pregnant women who contract them will have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. However, it's still important to be aware of the risks and take steps to protect yourself and your baby.

Here are some ways to reduce your risk of infection during pregnancy:

1. Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently, especially before preparing or eating food.
2. Avoid certain foods: Avoid consuming raw or undercooked meat, eggs, and dairy products, as well as unpasteurized juices and soft cheeses.
3. Get vaccinated: Get vaccinated against infections such as the flu and HPV.
4. Practice safe sex: Use condoms or other forms of barrier protection to prevent the spread of STIs.
5. Avoid close contact with people who are sick: If someone in your household is sick, try to avoid close contact with them if possible.
6. Keep your environment clean: Regularly clean and disinfect surfaces and objects that may be contaminated with germs.
7. Manage stress: High levels of stress can weaken your immune system and make you more susceptible to infection.
8. Get enough rest: Adequate sleep is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system.
9. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help flush out harmful bacteria and viruses.
10. Consider taking prenatal vitamins: Prenatal vitamins can help support your immune system and overall health during pregnancy.

Remember, it's always better to be safe than sorry, so if you suspect that you may have been exposed to an infection or are experiencing symptoms of an infection during pregnancy, contact your healthcare provider right away. They can help determine the appropriate course of action and ensure that you and your baby stay healthy.

Symptoms of influenza include:

* Fever (usually high)
* Cough
* Sore throat
* Runny or stuffy nose
* Headache
* Muscle or body aches
* Fatigue (tiredness)
* Diarrhea and nausea (more common in children than adults)

Influenza can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus and ear infections. These complications are more likely to occur in people who have a weakened immune system, such as the elderly, young children, and people with certain chronic health conditions (like heart disease, diabetes, and lung disease).

Influenza is diagnosed based on a physical examination and medical history. A healthcare provider may also use a rapid influenza test (RIT) or a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for influenza typically involves rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) to relieve fever and body aches. Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza), may also be prescribed to help shorten the duration and severity of the illness. However, these medications are most effective when started within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

Prevention is key in avoiding influenza. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza, as well as practicing good hygiene such as washing your hands frequently, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, and staying home when you are sick.

The term "schizophrenia" was first used by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1908 to describe the splitting of mental functions, which he believed was a key feature of the disorder. The word is derived from the Greek words "schizein," meaning "to split," and "phrenos," meaning "mind."

There are several subtypes of schizophrenia, including:

1. Paranoid Schizophrenia: Characterized by delusions of persecution and suspicion, and a tendency to be hostile and defensive.
2. Hallucinatory Schizophrenia: Characterized by hearing voices or seeing things that are not there.
3. Disorganized Schizophrenia: Characterized by disorganized thinking and behavior, and a lack of motivation or interest in activities.
4. Catatonic Schizophrenia: Characterized by immobility, mutism, and other unusual movements or postures.
5. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: Characterized by a combination of symptoms from the above subtypes.

The exact cause of schizophrenia is still not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. It is important to note that schizophrenia is not caused by poor parenting or a person's upbringing.

There are several risk factors for developing schizophrenia, including:

1. Genetics: A person with a family history of schizophrenia is more likely to develop the disorder.
2. Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin have been linked to schizophrenia.
3. Prenatal factors: Factors such as maternal malnutrition or exposure to certain viruses during pregnancy may increase the risk of schizophrenia in offspring.
4. Childhood trauma: Traumatic events during childhood, such as abuse or neglect, have been linked to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia.
5. Substance use: Substance use has been linked to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia, particularly cannabis and other psychotic substances.

There is no cure for schizophrenia, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Treatment options include:

1. Medications: Antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment for schizophrenia. They can help reduce positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms such as a lack of motivation or interest in activities.
2. Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of talk therapy can help individuals with schizophrenia manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
3. Social support: Support from family, friends, and support groups can be an important part of the treatment plan for individuals with schizophrenia.
4. Self-care: Engaging in activities that bring pleasure and fulfillment, such as hobbies or exercise, can help individuals with schizophrenia improve their overall well-being.

It is important to note that schizophrenia is a complex condition, and treatment should be tailored to the individual's specific needs and circumstances. With appropriate treatment and support, many people with schizophrenia are able to lead fulfilling lives and achieve their goals.

Precancerous changes in the uterine cervix are called dysplasias, and they can be detected by a Pap smear, which is a routine screening test for women. If dysplasia is found, it can be treated with cryotherapy (freezing), laser therapy, or cone biopsy, which removes the affected cells.

Cervical cancer is rare in developed countries where Pap screening is widely available, but it remains a common cancer in developing countries where access to healthcare and screening is limited. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing cervical precancerous changes and cancer.

Cervical cancer can be treated with surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. The prognosis for early-stage cervical cancer is good, but advanced-stage cancer can be difficult to treat and may have a poor prognosis.

The following are some types of uterine cervical neoplasms:

1. Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS): This is a precancerous condition that occurs when glandular cells on the surface of the cervix become abnormal and grow out of control.
2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): This is a precancerous condition that occurs when abnormal cells are found on the surface of the cervix. There are several types of CIN, ranging from mild to severe.
3. Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of cervical cancer and arises from the squamous cells that line the cervix.
4. Adnexal carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from the glands or ducts near the cervix.
5. Small cell carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive type of cervical cancer that grows rapidly and can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
6. Micropapillary uterine carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that grows in a finger-like shape and can be difficult to diagnose.
7. Clear cell carcinoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from clear cells and can be more aggressive than other types of cervical cancer.
8. Adenocarcinoma: This is a type of cervical cancer that arises from glandular cells and can be less aggressive than squamous cell carcinoma.
9. Sarcoma: This is a rare type of cervical cancer that arises from the connective tissue of the cervix.

The treatment options for uterine cervical neoplasms depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. The following are some common treatments for uterine cervical neoplasms:

1. Hysterectomy: This is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and may be recommended for early-stage cancers or precancerous changes.
2. Cryotherapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy abnormal cells in the cervix.
3. Laser therapy: This is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to remove or destroy abnormal cells in the cervix.
4. Cone biopsy: This is a surgical procedure to remove a small cone-shaped sample of tissue from the cervix to diagnose and treat early-stage cancers or precancerous changes.
5. Radiation therapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
6. Chemotherapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
7. Immunotherapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when other treatments have failed.
8. Targeted therapy: This is a non-surgical treatment that uses drugs to target specific genes or proteins that contribute to cancer growth and development and may be recommended for more advanced cancers or when other treatments have failed.

It is important to note that the choice of treatment will depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Patients should discuss their treatment options with their doctor and develop a personalized plan that is right for them.

There are several types of learning disorders, including:

1. Dyslexia: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to read and spell words. Individuals with dyslexia may have difficulty recognizing letters, sounds, or word patterns.
2. Dyscalculia: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to understand and perform mathematical calculations. Individuals with dyscalculia may have difficulty with numbers, quantities, or mathematical concepts.
3. Dysgraphia: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to write and spell words. Individuals with dysgraphia may have difficulty with hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, or language processing.
4. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to focus, pay attention, and regulate their behavior. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty with organization, time management, or following instructions.
5. Auditory Processing Disorder: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to process and understand auditory information. Individuals with auditory processing disorder may have difficulty with listening, comprehension, or speech skills.
6. Visual Processing Disorder: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to process and understand visual information. Individuals with visual processing disorder may have difficulty with reading, writing, or other tasks that require visual processing.
7. Executive Function Deficits: A learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to plan, organize, and execute tasks. Individuals with executive function deficits may have difficulty with time management, organization, or self-regulation.

Learning disorders can be diagnosed by a trained professional, such as a psychologist, neuropsychologist, or learning specialist, through a comprehensive assessment that includes cognitive and academic testing, as well as a review of the individual's medical and educational history. The specific tests and assessments used will depend on the suspected type of learning disorder and the individual's age and background.

There are several approaches to treating learning disorders, including:

1. Accommodations: Providing individuals with accommodations, such as extra time to complete assignments or the option to take a test orally, can help level the playing field and enable them to succeed academically.
2. Modifications: Making modifications to the curriculum or instructional methods can help individuals with learning disorders access the material and learn in a way that is tailored to their needs.
3. Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other forms of therapy can help individuals with learning disorders develop strategies for managing their challenges and improving their academic performance.
4. Assistive technology: Assistive technology, such as text-to-speech software or speech-to-text software, can help individuals with learning disorders access information and communicate more effectively.
5. Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage symptoms associated with learning disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
6. Multi-sensory instruction: Using multiple senses (such as sight, sound, and touch) to learn new information can be helpful for individuals with learning disorders.
7. Self-accommodations: Teaching individuals with learning disorders how to identify and use their own strengths and preferences to accommodate their challenges can be effective in helping them succeed academically.
8. Parental involvement: Encouraging parents to be involved in their child's education and providing them with information and resources can help them support their child's learning and development.
9. Collaboration: Collaborating with other educators, professionals, and family members to develop a comprehensive treatment plan can help ensure that the individual receives the support they need to succeed academically.

It is important to note that each individual with a learning disorder is unique and may respond differently to different treatments. A comprehensive assessment and ongoing monitoring by a qualified professional is necessary to determine the most effective treatment plan for each individual.

Examples of acute diseases include:

1. Common cold and flu
2. Pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Appendicitis and other abdominal emergencies
4. Heart attacks and strokes
5. Asthma attacks and allergic reactions
6. Skin infections and cellulitis
7. Urinary tract infections
8. Sinusitis and meningitis
9. Gastroenteritis and food poisoning
10. Sprains, strains, and fractures.

Acute diseases can be treated effectively with antibiotics, medications, or other therapies. However, if left untreated, they can lead to chronic conditions or complications that may require long-term care. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Accessibility of health services continued through 2016. Damage from the 2017 Hurricane Maria caused the closure of the CDT in ... a chief physician provided health services through the local government. These public health services focused on epidemics and ... Susana Centeno Family Health Center (Spanish: Centro de Salud Familiar Susana Centeno, CSFSC) is the hospital in Vieques, ... For such reasons none of these specialists are going to work in a place that does not guarantee services and equipment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susana_Centeno_Hospital

McGill-Queen's/Associated Medical Services Studies in the History of Medicine, Health, and Society. Vol. 52. Montreal, London: ... "Würzburg first university to get "Bayern barrierefrei" accessibility label". University of Würzburg. 2016-03-18.{{cite web}}: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Würzburg

Nguyen, Duy D. (2016). The effects of age cohort and Asian ethnicity on health and mental health service use (Thesis). Weng, ... There exists many social barriers towards accessibility of healthcare. Some of these include, but are not limited to, age, ... Health indicators are key in analyzing the overall public health of the Filipino American population. Main health indicators of ... health may be adversely affected, as cultural differences can affect the reception and effectiveness of mental health services ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_of_Filipino_Americans

"The accessibility of abortion services in the United States, 2001". Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. 35 (1): 16- ... The NNAF places a large emphasis on being able to actually help women in need with maternal health related issues and services ... Gerber Fried, Marlene (1997). "Abortion in the US: Barriers to access". Reproductive Health Matters. 5 (9): 37-45. doi:10.1016/ ... Abortion funds play a role in financing countless different abortion services in numerous different countries where abortion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Network_of_Abortion_Funds

"The accessibility of health services to young deaf adolescents in Ghana". The International Journal of Health Planning and ... The sole reliance on signing has led to some difficulty in deaf Ghanaians receiving adequate health care due to communication ... Adadey, Samuel Mawuli; Awandare, Gordon; Amedofu, Goffrey Kwabla; Wonkam, Ambroise (2017-11-01). "Public Health Burden of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafness_in_Ghana

Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. Research for new insights ... the Long Beach Department of Health and Human Services and the Pasadena Public Health Department.[citation needed] State health ... Monitor health status to identify and solve community health problems. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health ... Local health departments play a central role in providing essential public health services in communities that fall into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_departments_in_the_United_States

Improved accessibility for emergency services and access to health facilities and hospitals; Make provision for a shopping ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilkenny_Central_Access_Scheme

Pettis, Christy Linn (2013). "Individuals with Hearing Loss in Arkansas and Mental Health Service: Evaluating Accessibility". ... "Mental Health Services". 2016-12-06. "NCDHHS: Deaf and Hard of Hearing Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services". www. ... It term also covers research, training, and services in ways that improve mental health for deaf people. These services ... and Alabama have specialized Deaf mental health services. The Alabama Department of Mental Health has established an office of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaf_mental_health_care

Development Group at Deakin University under a grant from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services ... Paciello, Michael G. (2000). Web accessibility for people with disabilities. Focal Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-929629-08-4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MultiWeb_Internet_Browser

2003). "Primary care service areas: a new tool for the evaluation of primary care services". Health Serv Res. 38 (1): 287-309. ... Geography, Spatial analysis, Accessibility, Urban studies and planning terminology). ... 2003). "Primary care service areas: a new tool for the evaluation of primary care services". Health Serv Res. 38 (1): 287-309. ... Thus for example the Health Resources and Services Administration uses them to designate areas of workforce shortage. Primary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_care_service_area

... social service, and university sectors. He is a proponent of increasing the accessibility of university education across ... Ryan continues to lead major campaigns and proactively influence policy and legislative decisions in health care, municipal, ... the same thing can happen with water as what happened to health care in the United States," said Ryan, in Midland. Since the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_Ryan

"Massachusetts News and Analysis". US Department of Health and Human Services - National Energy Affordability and Accessibility ... is the primary wired telephone service provider for the area. Phone service is also available from various national wireless ... Municipal steam services are provided by Veolia Energy North America and its subsidiary Trigen Energy Corporation; which ... Water supply and sewage-disposal services are provided by the Boston Water and Sewer Commission. The Commission in turn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_in_Boston

define access to healthcare as "the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes". Health ... The quality of healthcare that a patient receives strongly depends upon its accessibility. Kelley et al. ... The acknowledgement that access to health services differed depending on race, geographic location, and socioeconomic ... Race, Gender, and Health. London: Sage Publications, 1996. Print. Davis, Karen. "Inequality and Access to Health Care." The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_inequality

IDUs are typically reluctant to use conventional health services. Such reluctance/neglect implies poorer health and increased ... Social services for addicts can be organized around needle exchanges, increasing their accessibility. As of 2011, CDC estimated ... Harm reduction based health care centres, also known as targeted health care outlet or low-threshold health care outlet for ... low-threshold health care outlets', because they reduce common barriers to health care from the conventional health care ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_and_syringe_programmes

The social services department investigated and intervened in cases of child abuse or neglect. Most cases of sexual ... There was no specific law protecting the rights of persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, ... There is no law mandating accessibility to public buildings. There were no reports of societal discrimination against persons ... The Labor Inspection Service oversees these standards but limited enforcement to the modern, formal sector. It was not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mali

These differences include often significant gaps in service delivery, accessibility and lower health outcomes. Rural areas and ... mental health, maternal/child health, allied health, sexual/reproductive health, rehabilitation, oral/dental health and public ... Service models used in rural and remote primary health care in Australia include discrete services, integrated services, ... Rural, regional and remote health Indicators of health status and determinants of health. Australian Institute of Health and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_health_care_in_Australia

Castro, Shamyr S.; Cieza, Alarcos; Cesar, Chester L. G. (2011). "Problems with accessibility to health services by persons with ... Having a high education enforces health advantages through the promotion of health material and current health data, allowing ... There are issues of access when seeking professional health assistance for people with disabilities, through service location, ... finances and service opening times. Persons with physical disabilities have higher difficulty levels of seeking health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_in_Brazil

Her work has led to increased accessibility to health, education, livelihood and welfare services. Many people from upper ... "Tireless Service to Humanity". Deed Indeed Foundation. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2020. "January 31, 2017: Nobel ... slums in the most marginalised communities in four blocks of the Varanasi district to work on the issue of children's health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shruti_Nagvanshi

Roads facilitate access to markets, health services and education but may adversely affect the natural environment, and impact ... Road expansion provides greater accessibility to urban centers, and hence improves educational attainment. In both Bangladesh ... In developing countries especially, goods and services such as health facilities and educational facilities are often ... Large road projects generate an influx of temporary migrant workers, which increases the demand for immoral services such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_expansion

... promotions and service. Contraceptive Accessibility The updated contraceptive guidelines in South Africa attempt to improve ... Access to reproductive health services is very poor in many countries. Women are often unable to access maternal health ... Low income individuals may lack access to appropriate health services and/or knowledge of how to maintain reproductive health. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sexual health. CDC Division of Reproductive Health WHO Reproductive health and research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health

These services were implemented through ensuring the accessibility of health care, education and skills training. The National ... Such recovery and reintegration shall take place in an environment which fosters the health, self-respect and dignity of the ... Political conditions also amplified the prevalence of children in the workforce as child services were underfunded and often ... In response to this exclusion, UNICEF established the 'Girls Left Behind Project' which focused on: appropriating services to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_soldiers_in_Sierra_Leone

... health care, food shops and other services of local importance, particularly for disadvantaged groups and areas. Accessibility ... "European Accessibility Act: legislative initiative to improve accessibility of goods and services in the Internal Market" (PDF ... "Accessibility". Apple. Retrieved 2020-08-31. "Android accessibility overview - Android Accessibility Help". support.google.com ... Accessibility is not to be confused with usability, which is the extent to which a product (such as a device, service, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility

Cancer screening and early detection services are generally offered in public health centres, especially for breast and ... Accessibility, availability, and affordability of cancer care resources remain a major issue faced by the program. Problems of ... With the emergence of cancer as a growing threat to public health, the Indian Government, through the Ministry of Health and ... Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Health programmes in India). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cancer_Control_Programme

He also uses epidemiologic datasets to determine problems in the quality and accessibility of mental health services. Second, ... The MINT program focuses on improving the quality, scope, and accessibility of mental health care. Comer is a Fellow of the ... his work focuses on the development of innovative methods to improve access to effective mental health treatments and services ... His research has been funded by federal agencies (such as the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Comer

"WHO Maternal Health". WHO. Wang W, Alva S, Wang S, Fort A (2011). "Levels and trends in the use of maternal health services in ... For nations that allow contraceptives, programs should be instituted to allow the easier accessibility of these medications. ... However, this alone will not eliminate the demand for safe services, awareness on safe abortion services, health education on ... "Development assistance for health by health focus area (Global), 1990-2009, interactive treemap". Institute for Health Metrics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_death

Health care - equal access to medical services; External actions - promoting the rights of disabled people among EU ... Accessibility - customization of services and goods to disabled people; Participation - making sure that disabled people are ... The adoption of the European accessibility act in 2019 is beginning the next phase of accessibility momentum.[citation needed] ... There began an open method of coordination between States in the fields of employment, protection of health, education, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_disability_policy

The gravity model can be used to measure accessibility to services (e.x., access to health care). A special case of gravity ... model is the two-step floating catchment area method (2SFCA), which is popular in health care research. The gravity model was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_model_of_migration

The Ministry of Health provides health services to most people in Saudi Arabia. People with disabilities in Saudi Arabia are ... and rehabilitation services through public agencies." The only provision of Saudi Arabian law that deal with accessibility is ... Saudi Arabia offers limited mental health services. Prosthetics must be engineered to help people be able to attend and perform ... Women's restrictions in Saudi Arabia limit their ability to access mental health services. Women with disabilities have often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_in_Saudi_Arabia

It provides reports on health service delivery by indicator and state. Abortion service delivery is also recorded in the HMIS ... they are unaware of where they can access abortion services. This non-accessibility of abortion services is primarily on moral ... ASHA's play a significant role in provision of information about health services, establishing linkage between and health ... GoI under the National Health Mission to provide comprehensive information on all indicators for health services being offered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_India

The Oakland Drive Campus is home to the university's College of Health and Human Services. The college's new $48.2 million ... Geographically, it is generally located between West Campus and East Campus, allowing for a natural accessibility. A focal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland_Drive_Campus

... health care, tourism, and service sectors. The El Paso metro area had a GDP of $29.03 billion in 2017. There was also $92 ... The wrought-iron fenced garden has wide walkways with handicap accessibility, raised beds, a waterfall, and trees and shrubs. ... El Paso is also home to Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech ... The tram was only used to service the transmitter towers. Wyler donated the tramway for public use in his will. The Texas Parks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas

Central Alabama Veterans Health Care System East Campus - Locations. .va.gov. Retrieved on July 12, 2013. "00496492v1p2.pdf" ( ... This was the first squadron of African-American pilots trained in the U.S. Military for service in that war. Tuskegee ... He also worked to ensure accessibility for graduates to good medical positions in the federal government. In the 1930s, a group ... "Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center Celebrates - 85 Years of Service", press release, Central Alabama Veterans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee,_Alabama

Higher accessibility and ownership of guns has been cited as a reason for the U.S.'s high rate of mass shootings. The US has ... "The Mental Health Impact of Mass Shootings" (PDF). Brady: United Against Gun Violence. Brady defines a mass shooting as a ... In 2004, the U.S. Secret Service and the U.S. Department of Education issued a report analyzing 41 school shootings in the ... In comparison to the general population, mass shooters were more likely to have a history of mental health issues, to have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States

Counties Manukau District Health Board, Revised Draft ‐ Gender Reassignment Health Services for Trans People within New Zealand ... The health care system was found to have "major gaps in the availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of medical ... It was found that trans people face difficulties when accessing the same general health services as other individuals. The ... District Health Board CMDHB was funded to manage a small national project looking at Gender Reassignment Health Services for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Inquiry_into_Discrimination_Experienced_by_Transgender_People

... booked service for a fee-a congestion charge. The booked service allowed two options of fees. The Transit Booking System, ... The tax increase was implemented not only to improve accessibility and the environment, but also to help develop the ... Frakt, Austin (2019-01-21). "Stuck and Stressed: The Health Costs of Traffic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved ... If a good or service is provided free of charge, people tend to demand more of it-and use it more wastefully-than they would if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing

The Department of Mental Health was created to consolidate the management of the states eight mental health hospitals under a ... Welsh was also concerned with the lack of accessibility to higher education in the state and urged for the creation of a ... One "balanced budget" made drastic cuts in education and state services. A second "budget of needs" continued adequate funding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_E._Welsh

... to access medical services, as well as online government services. In 2013, ACS was chosen as the primary technology partner of ... This accessibility, coupled with a secure authentication system, generated savings for both the government, and various ... The readers were used for read and write operations on health cards used by Lombardian citizens, pharmacies, doctors, hospitals ... It also conducted a two-day training on smart cards in the Information Technology Services Center (ITSC) of the Chinese ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNA_Technology_Investments_Holdings

The anticipated benefits of e-government include efficiency, improved services, better accessibility of public services, ... It offers all possible services that can be provided by the state for citizens and businesses such as education, health care, ... Passport Services Traffic Services Expatriate Affairs Services Civil Affairs Services Authorizations General Directorate of ... The service tries to utilize digital technologies, establish e-government to make state services operate more efficiently, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-government

Rural residents report overall poorer health and more physical limitations, with 12% rating their health as fair or poor, ... The designation considers the type and the quality of food available to the population, in addition to the accessibility of the ... Residents in a 2010 Chicago survey complained that in-store issues like poor upkeep and customer service were also impediments ... Health Canada divides areas into buffer zones, with people's homes, schools, or workplaces as the center. The Euclidean ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_desert

The Country Reports inform about the situation of women's specialist support services in Europe. As a guideline to measure ... The extensive data collection gives insight into the accessibility and operation of national women's helplines, women's ... Health and Consumer Protection, Federal Minister for women, families and youth, Frauen Stadt Wien MA57. WAVE also receives ... Main functions include the collection and dissemination of data on women's support services (WSS) and any applicable legal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Against_Violence_Europe

The bay was filled in partly due to concerns about public health - locals had disposed of sewage, farm animal carcasses and ... 2004 - The Rochester/Toronto Ferry starts service in May and ends in November 2006 - The Rochester/Toronto Ferry announces that ... Waterfront Toronto's plans identify public accessibility to the waterfront and the development of parks and public spaces as ... REGCO Holdings signs a 25-year deal with the Toronto Port Authority to run an airline service out of the island airport (Porter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_waterfront

In 1891, in poor health, Baptiste started negotiations for the sale of his company, but dissatisfied with the price, gave up ... José Bertaso, a boy admitted for minor services in 1890, became a partner and in 1919, the owner. Bertaso predicted shortages ... including the history of publishing and bookstores that allowed the modern accessibility to the book. It is believed that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_in_Brazil

A health center is located in New House, staffed by a school nurse, who is on call 24 hours a day for the needs of boarding ... An example of the trade links between school and village was a man by the name of William Peak, "who ran a "taxi service" from ... partly on account of its difficult accessibility at the time. The property was sold in 1869. In 1871 the Ontario legislature ... With its larger Quaker community, direct rail link to Toronto, and the ready availability of services to the future campus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickering_College

"Medicaid Estate Recovery". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. April 2005. "Fee for Service (Direct Service) Program ... indicating that Medicaid accessibility led to early detection of breast cancer and higher survival rates. A 2020 study found no ... Research shows that Medicaid improves health outcomes, health insurance coverage, access to health care, recipients' financial ... United States National Health Care Act "Medicare & Medicaid". HHS.gov U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

... has been used in the United Kingdom by local councils, and parts of the National Health Service. The software won a ... "Accessibility". Association of Voluntary Service Managers. Retrieved 19 February 2018. Browsealoud... is not designed to be a ... The BrowseAloud service was disabled by Texthelp, to allow their engineers to investigate the security breach and remove the ... The service is paid for by the website's publisher; and is free to website visitors. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrowseAloud

... and women's health concerns. The Women's Health and Wellness Act, a bill that promotes early detection and prevention of ... Glick owned and managed a small printing business in TriBeCa before becoming Deputy Director of General Services at the New ... While the MTA has not completed this work, Glick has advocated for its completion and for expanding accessibility to additional ... Glick was the lead sponsor of the Reproductive Health Act, to codify and expand protections granted in Roe vs. Wade in New York ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_J._Glick

... care services in India and to improve the quality of palliative care services provided by the healthcare and allied health care ... Pallium India works in collaboration with several national and international organisations to improve the accessibility and ... pain relief and quality palliative care services and their integration in health care across India through delivery of services ... Services to poor patients are provided free of cost. Expenses in this regard are met by donations. Trivandrum Institute of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallium_India

Lambertson demonstrated it to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) after being rejected by the U.S. Navy OSS not only bought ... 2776 Health and Safety. Kew, Richmond, Surrey: Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). Retrieved 6 November 2016. Staff. " ... The development of side mounting cylinders, helmet-mounted lights and free-swimming with fins increased accessibility, and the ... "Recreational diving services - Requirements for the training of recreational scuba divers - Part 3: Level 3 - Dive leader (ISO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_scuba_diving

... pediatrician and child health advocate John Callaghan OC AOE (1923-2004) - pioneer of open-heart surgery John Dick FRSC (born ... Accessibility and Universal Design specialist Ryan Larkin (1943-2007) - nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Film, ... first Canadian to be decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross General Christopher Vokes CB CBE DSO CD (1904-1985) - ... introduced publicly funded health care in Canada; commonly known as the "father of Medicare" Carl Goresky OC (1932-1996) - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Canadians

In June 2014, she was appointed an Honorary Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (DCMG) for her services to ... Both centers are run by the Global Health Committee. Jolie is the executive producer of the BBC program My World which aims to ... In her first op-ed, Jolie had advocated for wider accessibility of BRCA gene testing and acknowledged the high costs, which ... On April 17, 2012, after more than a decade of service as a UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador, Jolie was promoted to the rank of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelina_Jolie

NYC Health. 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019. "2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take ... National Park Service. July 9, 2010. "Forest Hills and Rego Park - DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report". www.dnainfo.com. ... Advantages Pointed Out Accessibility to Many Home Communities Assures Potential Market" (PDF). The New York Times. July 9, 1933 ... had 115,119 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.4 years.: 2, 20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Hills,_Queens

... and supporting services and any degradation of these services can go beyond just affecting the aesthetic of a neighborhood or ... Environmental Health. Vol. 5. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-5-25. The Sixth ... Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero's five D's of the built environment-density, diversity, design, destination accessibility, and ... The benefits of less emissions include improved health conditions and quality of life, less smog, and less of a contribution to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkability

... former Minister of Service Nova Scotia and Internal Services, and Minister of Communications Nova Scotia, 2017-2021) Braedon ... Churchill served as Deputy Leader of the Opposition as well as the critic for Health and Wellness and Health Care Professionals ... Human Rights Commission and Accessibility Act. Candidacy announced: February 4, 2022 Campaign website: www.angelafornovascotia. ... former Minister of Service Nova Scotia and Internal Services, and Communications Nova Scotia. (Endorsed Churchill) Ali Duale, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Nova_Scotia_Liberal_Party_leadership_election

Despite being a doctor himself he confronted the doctors who work for the city health system in order to obtain more " ... and youth correctional services. The Mayor of Porto Alegre is elected for a four-year term, and vested all executive powers. ... Anilson Costa Secretary of Accessibility and Social Inclusion: Tarcízio Cardoso Secretary of Administration: Sônia Mauriza Vaz ... The current deputy mayor is Eliseu Santos, who is also the Health Secretary. Eliseu Santos promoted several polemical changes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Porto_Alegre

Public service broadcaster RTÉ stated that Lenihan had contracted what it described as "a serious condition". The Government ... He spoke at the Irish Nurses Organisation conference in May 2006 in place of the Minister for Health and Children Mary Harney. ... "People should contemplate what level of credit accessibility we'd have in this economy without NAMA," he said. "It's not just ... In 2002, Lenihan was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of Health and Children, at the Department of Justice, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Lenihan_Jnr

... and overall health. This activity has not only been linked to alleviate the symptoms related to mental health disorders, but ... This requires the services of a counsellor or therapist, albeit sitting at a computer. Given the huge disjunction between the ... With the accessibility provided by the Internet, the reach of the writing therapies has increased considerably, as clients and ... Pennebaker JW, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Glaser R (April 1988). "Disclosure of traumas and immune function: health implications for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_therapy

They also have highlighted the issues Traveller women face regarding mental and physical health, in particular the discrepancy ... The Forum also campaign on the accessibility of education to Traveller children, and the effects of government policy ... Traveller Projects and Services: 2013 Report (PDF). Dublin: Pavee Point. ISBN 1 897598 35 1. "History - National Traveller ... Holland, Kitty (22 October 2019). "Travellers must have 'control and direction' over health strategies, committee told". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Traveller_Women's_Forum

Private health insurance does not always cover abortion, and public health insurance covers abortions only within certain ... doula services, and other support services. Most abortion funds are funded primarily by local donors and grant-making ... State, federal or global legislation may also impact abortion accessibility as well as financial assistance for abortion. In ... For example, health insurance may not cover abortion or transportation to abortion clinics may be financially or logistically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_fund

Associate Minister of Health (2021) Patty Hajdu PC MP, Minister of Indigenous Services (2021), Minister responsible for the ... Minister for Seniors and Accessibility Steve Clark, Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing Vic Fedeli, Chair of Cabinet, ... Minister of Public Services and Procurement (2021) Mark Holland PC MP, Leader of the Government in the House of Commons (2021) ... Community and Social Services David Piccini, Minister of the Environment, Conservation and Parks Greg Rickford, Minister of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_Ontario

... these inequalities in access to health care between disabled and non-disabled people widen. Disruptions to social services and ... accessibility" (A/C.3/74/L.32/Rev.1)" (UN.org). Disabled people are disproportionately represented in the poorest communities, ... "Climate and Health Concerns for Asthma and Allergies". Asthma and Allergies Foundation of America. Asthma and Allergies ... However, the risk is related to climate change-related health impacts could affect people with disabilities more than others ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_and_climate_change

6th Prison Health Conference: prison health systems: the interface with wider national health systems: Helsinki, Finland, 26-27 ... World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (‎World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, 2019)‎ ... World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (‎World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, 2017)‎ ... World Health Organization; United Nations Childrens Fund (‎UNICEF)‎ (‎World Health Organization, 2021)‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Health+Services+Accessibility&type=mesh

Using geographical information systems to analyse accessibility to health services in the West Bank, Occupied Palestinian ... Health in the occupied Palestinian territory 1: Health status and health services in the occupied Palestinian territory. Lancet ... Accessibility to health services is not only an important factor for a well-functioning society but is even a basic human right ... ABSTRACT Accessibility to adequate health services is a basic human right. Israeli road blocks and checkpoints inhibit access ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-18-2012/issue-8/article-1.html

Learn what OHA is doing to support Oregons behavioral health workforce. ... Accessibility. For individuals with disabilities or individuals who speak a language other than English, OHA can provide ... The Oregon Health Authority (OHA) acknowledges the current status of our states health care system. We are in extraordinary ... Promulgated a temporary amendment to Oregon Administrative Rule 309-019-0140 Service Plan and Service. The change was filed on ...

https://www.oregon.gov/OHA/HSD/AMH/Pages/Workforce.aspx?utm_medium=email&utm_name=holding-hope1021&utm_source=govdelivery

Results of search for su:{Health services accessibility} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ... Series: Commission of the European Communities health services research series ; no. 8Material type: Text; Format: print ... Mobile health services / by Oscar Gish and Godfrey Walker. by Gish, Oscar , Walker, Godfrey J. A. ... Centre for Health Economics.. Series: Discussion paper (University of York). Centre for Health Economics ; ; 95Material type: ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BHealth%20services%20accessibility%7D

... of areas with a mental health professional shortage are rural or partially rural. ... According to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 61% ... including mental health services, at a higher rate.45 SBHCs are also utilizing telemedicine to increase their accessibility and ... SBHCs provide primary health care and may also provide mental health care, social services, dentistry, and health education. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/ruralhealth/child-health/policybrief.html

Health Services Accessibility. en_US. dc.title. Framework for implementing the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030 ... This is the result of the expanded use of cost-effective prevention and case management services. However, malaria remains a ... 2. Several challenges still hamper efforts towards malaria control and elimination in the Region.These include weak health ... adopted by the World Health Assembly (‎WHA)‎ in May 2015. The vision of the GTS is "a world free of malaria". It has four goals ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/251419?show=full

Meeting Accessibility Policy: Montgomery County will provide sign language interpreters and other auxiliary aids or services ... Carey Dwyer, School Health Services. Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services. 240-777-1550. carey.dwyer@ ... Assuring the accountability and transparency of health and wellness services. *Enhancing school health program services and ... We work to enhance student health instruction, health services, physical activity and nutrition, physical and mental safety and ...

https://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/HHS-Program/PHS/SchoolHealthCouncil/SHC.html

Patient-Centered Services Through Its Network of More Than 1,000 Independent Primary Care Practices... ... Patient-Centered Services Through Its Network of More Than 1,000 Independent Primary Care Practices... ... Accessibility: Skip TopNav Aledade Acquires Advance Care Planning Company Iris Healthcare as Part of New Health Services Arm. ... The acquisition of Iris Healthcare and the establishment of a new health services arm come on the heels of significant growth ...

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/01/11/2364603/0/en/Aledade-Acquires-Advance-Care-Planning-Company-Iris-Healthcare-as-Part-of-New-Health-Services-Arm.html

Accessibility. This facility is wheelchair accessible and has an elevator on site. ... Service Access. Healthcare providers should consult the Alberta Referral Directory for service referral information. ... This website is part of the AlbertaHealthServices.ca & MyHealth.Alberta.ca family of health websites. Learn more ... Child Health General Nutrition Counseling, Nutrition Counselling (Dietitian) Pediatric, Nutrition Counselling - Pediatrics ...

https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/findhealth/Service.aspx?id=1072159&serviceAtFacilityID=1116116

Service Providers May Include. doctors, registered nurses (RNs). Referral Needed. You must be admitted to hospital by your ... This website is part of the AlbertaHealthServices.ca & MyHealth.Alberta.ca family of health websites. Learn more ...

https://albertahealthservices.ca/findhealth/Service.aspx?id=1001073&serviceAtFacilityID=1023736

Accessibility services. Health care needs to be accessible to all. Here are programs we offer and partn… ... Cơ quan Vancouver Coastal Health cam kết cung cấp dịch vụ chăm sóc xuất sắc cho 1.25 triệu dân, bao gồm cả thổ dân First ... Collecting and maintaining high quality health records is vital to providing ou… ...

https://www.vch.ca/vi/node/4456

Challenges for ensuring availability and accessibility toin health care services under Brazils Unified Health System (SUS). / ... the challenges of SUS policy-makers and managers to ensure the availability and geographical accessibility to health service ... The analysis was guided by a framework of the health labour market and health policy interventions. Two main problems have been ... reduce the access of the population to the health services. This study aims to understand ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/resource/pt/mdl-28444043

Excessive wait times for receiving specialist services and inefficient communication between practitioners result in decreased ... Ten steps to establishing an e-consultation service to improve access to specialist care Telemed J E Health. 2013 Dec;19(12): ... Health Services Accessibility* * Humans * Internet* * Ontario * Program Development / methods* * Remote Consultation / ... Using our experience, we have outlined the 10 steps to developing an e-consultation service. We detail the technical, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24073898/?dopt=Abstract

... coordinates accommodation services and support to assist students with documented physical, learning, sensory, psychological, ... MENTAL HEALTH & WELL-BEING RESOURCES WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. 100 Institute Road. Worcester, MA, 01609-2280. Ph: 508- ... The Office of Accessibility Services (OAS) coordinates accommodation services and support to assist students with documented ... The Office of Accessibility Services fosters an environment that supports an open and accessible campus. Visit the WPI ...

https://www.wpi.edu/offices/office-accessibility-services

Learn more about the support we offer for youth mental health and well-being. ... Kids Help Phones e-mental health services are available 24/7 across Canada. ... Our e-mental health services. Kids Help Phones e-mental health services are here 24/7 for people across Canada. Below, you can ... What services does Kids Help Phone offer?. Kids Help Phones e-mental health services include phone, text and online chat ...

https://kidshelpphone.ca/our-e-mental-health-services

Im new to the area and need to establish medical or mental health services. What are my options? ... I have questions regarding ________ (transcripts, financial aid, accessibility services etc) can you help me connect to the ... If this is your first visit to Student Center for Health and Counseling or it has been more than a year since you were last ... Focus is concentrated on "what is" and "what can be done." Whether you know what service you are looking for or just know what ...

https://www.bemidjistate.edu/services/health-counseling/case-management/

Comments on ANPRM Regarding Accessibility Requirements for Self-Service Transaction Machines and Self-Service Kiosks (November ... Comments on ANPRM Regarding Accessibility Requirements for Self-Service Transaction Machines and Self-Service Kiosks (November ... US Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights Attention: 1557 NPRM (RIN 0945-AA17). Hubert H. Humphrey ... Electronic Health Records. We urge the Department to include "electronic health records (EHRs)" as an example within the ...

https://nfb.org/programs-services/advocacy/policy-statements/comments-nprm-regarding-nondiscrimination-health

CDC WONDER is a system for disseminating Public Health data and information ... Provide comprehensive services based on the clients needs. * Increase client accessibility to health services. * Improve ... Mississippi State Health Department of Health S. F. Tomajczyk. New Hampshire Division of Public Health Services Ronald O. ... Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1987. Model Standards for Community Preventive Health Services: A ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000389/p0000389.asp

Find Services. My Right Care. Health Links - Info Santé. Find a Doctor. Search 211 Manitoba ... Accessibility information for the public. This site includes our Accessibility Plan and other resources. We invite you to send ... View the WRHA Accessibility Plan 2019-2021 (PDF, 957 KB). *Progress Report: WRHA Implementation of the Accessibility for ... Accessible Customer Service Training for WRHA staff. All WRHA staff are required to complete Accessible Customer Service ...

https://wrha.mb.ca/accessibility/

Service Sherpa Services. Helping authors and institutions make informed and confident decisions in open access publication and ... Our new site consolidates Sherpa Services (Romeo, Juliet, Fact and OpenDOAR) in to one handy tool, and brings you Open Access ... Were working to develop services, provide support, and influence policy in order to enable UK higher education to realise the ... Accessibility Statement We provide secure, cost-effective access to the UKs richest collection of digital content: giving you ...

https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/40905

The National MS Society offers many programs and services to help people affected by MS. Find resources in your area to learn, ... Chapter HomeServices and Support. Services and Support. * Health & Wellness * Nutrition * Exercise ... There are many factors that prevent people from exercising as often as recommended, like transportation, accessibility, ... Services. * Your selection returned no results. Please select another category, check our calendar of events, or call an MS ...

https://www.nationalmssociety.org/Chapters/WAS/Services-and-Support/Health-Wellness/Exercise

Accessibility Provisions:. Agency Name:. HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. Address:. P.O. BOX 95026. ...

https://www.nebraska.gov/nesos/rules-and-regs/regtrack/details.cgi?proposal_id=2622

A Mississippi State University Extension Service health specialist, Buys was presented with the MS-AND Magnolia Award earlier ... Accessibility Statement. Copyright © 2023 Mississippi State University Extension Service. All rights reserved. ... "He conducts Extension Service programs and research in health disparities and seeks out dietitians and dietetic interns in his ... A Mississippi State University Extension Service health specialist, Buys was presented with the MS-AND Magnolia Award earlier ...

https://msucares.com/news/feature-story/2017/msu-health-specialist-rewarded-for-contributions?page=2

Most health outcomes studies have a laundry list of covariates, e.g., age, gender, co-morbidities, and socioeconomic factors, ... The Insurance Industry Should Look Closer at Mental Health Services Accessibility. Jefferey Metcalfe 11 months ago ... Service Aria Health System Customer Service Arizona Achses Health Arizona Pet Health Certificate Ark Increse Harvest Health Aus ... Mental Health Services Cardinal Health Kilgour Dr Borwn Watkings Health Employee Health Inova Mount Vernon First Nations Health ...

https://keine-ruhe.org/socioeconomic-health-risks-are-not-equal.html

The Hoogenboom Health and Recreation Center at Calvin College. ... Hoogenboom Health and Recreation Center. Menu * Event Services ... Accessibility. Accessible parking, automatic door opener, accessible entrance, barrier-free restrooms, elevators ...

https://calvin.edu/offices-services/event-services/venues/spoelhof-fieldhouse-complex/hoogenboom-health-and-recreation-center/

The Commission will soon call for submissions to inform its Review of Mental Health Services and Programmes. ... Accessibility Large text Default Small text Review of Existing Mental Health Services and Programmes: Call for Submissions ... It is through listening to those providing services, those who fund services, and most importantly, those who use services that ... Our COVID-19 Mental Health Information and Support page includes a list of existing resources and free support services which ...

https://www.mentalhealthcommission.gov.au/news-and-media/media-releases/2014/march/review-of-existing-services-and-programmes

... on parity of health care provision between mental and physical health care and the ability of mental health care services to ... Twenty-two mental health units were identified. They were located predominantly at the periphery of hospital campuses, but also ... Geographic data were analysed and mental health units locations in relation to hospital facilities and public amenities were ... Radar plots were constructed comparing acute medical and mental health units locations in relation to hospital facilities. ...

https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-022-09004-z

Accessibility of abortions globally and nationally. • Impacts of abortion services on health economics. • Incidence rates of ... Telemedicine appointments for abortion services. • Value of digital health resources (e.g., Electronic Health Records) for ... Health economic impacts, incidence rates in nations where it is legal and those where it is not, accessibility of different ... The International Journal of Womens Health is indexed on PubMed Central (title abbreviation: Int J Womens Health). All ...

https://www.dovepress.com/call-for-papers-international-journal-of-womens-health-d89-j45

As of April 1, 2023, SickKids' COVID-19 Vaccine Consult Service is now closed. (sickkids.ca)

Despite robust literature demonstrating that participation in an ACP program can help improve patient health outcomes and lower unnecessary care utilization, thereby lowering costs , Medicare data reports that only about 2.8 percent of seniors end up having these discussions with their doctor. (globenewswire.com)
The acquisition follows a successful pilot program completed by the companies, which demonstrated better outcomes, higher patient satisfaction and lower costs when using Iris' service as well as significant improvements through use of Aledade's predictive algorithm and data, helping better identify patients who could most benefit from ACP. (globenewswire.com)
Moreover, measurements of amniotic fluid volume allow for cross comparisons between volume, maternal health and postnatal outcomes. (dovepress.com)
Background: The World Trade Center (WTC) Health Registry (Registry) is a cohort study of long-term physical and mental health outcomes in 71,437 survivors of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. (cdc.gov)

On Dec. 21, 2021, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) approved our request to extend the rate increase and vacancy payments. (oregon.gov)

Geographical information systems (GIS) and network analysis were used to generate different estimations of accessibility based on the existing road network and transport barriers. (who.int)
7 ] Although it is a promising option for expanding mental health services, there are several barriers to widespread adoption and use which may also slow increased adoption for pediatric use. (cdc.gov)
College Case Management coordinates intervention and support efforts across campus and community service systems to assist students who are experiencing life stressors and barriers that impeded success. (bemidjistate.edu)
We sought to improve the quality of the program through a better understanding of low health care utilization by enrollees and barriers to service utilization. (cdc.gov)
Participants highlighted numerous barriers to accessing 9/11 services, including programmatic barriers (lack of program visibility and accessibility), personal barriers such as stigmatization and unfamiliarity with 9/11-related health problems and services, and a lack of referrals from their primary care providers. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: Knowledge of barriers to 9/11-related health care has led to improvements in the Registry's ability to refer eligible enrollees to appropriate treatment programs. (cdc.gov)

OHA implemented a temporary 10% rate increase for residential behavioral health providers from July 2020 to June 2021. (oregon.gov)
The rate increase will cover July 2021 through the end of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency. (oregon.gov)

On-site interpreter services for patients and families with limited English proficiency. (sickkids.ca)

This entry was posted in Universal health coverage and tagged Cost of Illness , Delivery of Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , Healthcare Financing , Program Evaluation by Editor Equity/Equidad - CG . (bvsalud.org)

The term telemental health will be used to describe mental health services that are provided at a distance. (cdc.gov)
Kids Help Phone's e-mental health services are here 24/7 for people across Canada. (kidshelpphone.ca)
Kids Help Phone's e-mental health services include phone, text and online chat support. (kidshelpphone.ca)
I'm new to the area and need to establish medical or mental health services. (bemidjistate.edu)
Review of Existing Mental Health Services and Programmes: Call for Submissions coming soon! (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
The Commission will soon call for submissions to inform its Review of Mental Health Services and Programmes. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
Demand for mental health services has been rising around the world, with increased attention on the models of care required to meet this demand [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

When you call Student Center for Health and Counseling (218) 755-2053 for an appointment you will be given the first available appointment that works within your schedule. (bemidjistate.edu)
For more than 50 years, Lehigh Valley Health Network has been caring for people who need behavioral health treatment, whether it's for counseling during a stressful time in your life or for a lifelong condition that requires medication, and anything in between. (lvhn.org)

Overall, these findings suggest that public health interventions that target smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol use, and the social, structural, and environmental contexts in which these behaviors develop among groups with low SES may yield important reductions in socioeconomic inequalities in mortality. (keine-ruhe.org)
In a time where these services have become contentious once more, the need to assess abortion-related mortality to guarantee optimum safety is crucial. (dovepress.com)

Our medical and behavioral health care systems, as well as the workforce that provides care within them, need our support more than ever. (oregon.gov)
OHA has been able to provide staff support to both children's and adults' licensed behavioral health facilities to offset the impact of COVID-19 on the workforce. (oregon.gov)
Telemental health could increase access for all rural Americans by maximizing the ability of the existing mental health workforce to reach people who may not have access to in-person services. (cdc.gov)
Shortages and imbalances in the distribution of the health workforce , are social and political problems that, along with the socio-economic inequality, reduce the access of the population to the health services . (bvsalud.org)

Evaluation and Planning Centre for Health Care. (who.int)
As Canada's largest and most respected paediatric academic health sciences centre, we deliver comprehensive services across a wide range of clinical specialties. (sickkids.ca)

OHA provided $8M to hundreds of licensed behavioral health providers for childcare stipends. (oregon.gov)
OSBN has helped to connect agencies with nursing education programs to facilitate clinical practicums for nursing students in behavioral health settings. (oregon.gov)
5 ] This shortage combined with the unique socioeconomic and cultural factors associated with rural residence, including higher poverty rates and geographic isolation, make it more challenging for rural children to access behavioral health services. (cdc.gov)
Your behavioral health is just as important to your overall well-being as your physical health. (lvhn.org)

2. Several challenges still hamper efforts towards malaria control and elimination in the Region.These include weak health systems, gaps in uptake of available interventions, low per capita investment on malaria, and the threat of resistance to medicines and insecticides. (who.int)
The analysis was guided by a framework of the health labour market and health policy interventions. (bvsalud.org)
This review focused on eight interventions in the last 30 years, whose mainly aim was to correct the maldistribution of physicians in the SUS such as Rondon Project, Interiorization of Health Work Program, Medical Specialists Training Program , PHC Program and More Doctors Program. (bvsalud.org)
Social work services and psychosocial interventions for children, adolescents and families. (sickkids.ca)

In New Zealand, publicly funded MHUs provide acute, short-term and sometimes involuntary care for approximately 14,000 people per year (approximately 8% of those cared for by specialist public mental health and addiction services, who are primarily cared for in the community) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The relationship of service availability to contraceptive use in rural Guatemala / Thomas W. Pullum. (who.int)

They all appeared in "Your Health, Your Environment" blog posts about NCEH/ATSDR staff in 2014. (cdc.gov)
Learn how one planning firm is using National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) resources to ensure healthy community design. (cdc.gov)
Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (NCEH/ATSDR) convened a meeting of the Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC) on May 19-20, 2005 in Atlanta, Georgia. (cdc.gov)

A qualitative examination of health and health care utilization after the September 11th terror attacks among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees. (cdc.gov)

According to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 61% of areas with a mental health professional shortage are rural or partially rural. (cdc.gov)
Whether you know what service you are looking for or just know what struggles you have been experiencing please reach out and the Social Work Care Manager will guide you to appropriate resources. (bemidjistate.edu)
This site includes our Accessibility Plan and other resources. (wrha.mb.ca)
Cognizant of the important role of financing in health development, African Heads of State, in 2001, committed themselves to taking all necessary measures to ensure that resources are made available and are efficiently utilized. (who.int)
Our COVID-19 Mental Health Information and Support page includes a list of existing resources and free support services which may be useful. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
While physical care has long been centralised to general or specialist hospitals to share common resources, mental health care has a much less integrated history. (biomedcentral.com)
Value of digital health resources (e.g. (dovepress.com)
Invest more resources in applying environmental health data to risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
The parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the planning of public oral health resources range from one dental appointment every two years to two appointments per year. (bvsalud.org)

Regarding adopting a specific accessibility standard, we urge HHS OCR to adopt the definition of accessibility proposed above, and we support the reference to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1AA as an accepted measure of accessibility. (nfb.org)
Referral information, clinical guidelines, lab services and more for providers. (sickkids.ca)
Moreover, according to the guidelines of the National Oral Health Policy, inclusion into the system should occur when a child is a maximum of six months of age [3]. (bvsalud.org)

Two main problems have been identified shortage of doctors and maldistribution of professionals between levels of health care and between geographical areas. (bvsalud.org)
The AMA includes five main standards: customer service, employment, information and communication, transportation and built environment. (wrha.mb.ca)
Compared to acute medical units, mental health units were almost universally located further from shared hospital facilities - with distances approximately three times further to reach the main hospital entrance (2.7 times distance), the nearest public café (3.4 times), the emergency department (2.4 times), and medical imaging (3.3 times). (biomedcentral.com)
In New Zealand mental health care moved during the 1980s and 1990s from large standalone institutions to community-based care complimented by acute mental health care on hospital campuses but is commonly not well integrated into main hospital buildings [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

He conducts Extension Service programs and research in health disparities and seeks out dietitians and dietetic interns in his projects because he values their expertise. (msucares.com)

On the private payer side, thirty-two states and the District of Columbia have private payer policies in place for telehealth, but these policies differ considerably in what services are covered and how much providers are reimbursed. (cdc.gov)
We approve proposed Section 92.211 clarifying that a covered entity must not, in delivery of its health programs and activities through telehealth services, discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. (nfb.org)
Covered entities must ensure that telehealth services are accessible to individuals with disabilities by guaranteeing conformance with the definition of Accessibility proposed in these comments. (nfb.org)
All aspects of covered entities' telehealth services, including videoconferencing, the internet, store-and-forward imaging, streaming media, and terrestrial and wireless communications and any ancillary services, such as the process for scheduling telehealth appointments, must be compatible with screen access software and independently usable by blind people, so that blind people are not forced to rely on others to help them access telehealth services or forgo these important services. (nfb.org)

Countries are urged to institutionalize national health accounts to facilitate financial planning, monitoring and evaluation. (who.int)

The Office of Accessibility Services (OAS) coordinates accommodation services and support to assist students with documented physical, learning, sensory, psychological, and developmental disabilities during their time at WPI. (wpi.edu)

We urge the Department to include a new subsection in Subpart C-Specific Applications to Health Programs and Activities, entitled Nondiscrimination in the provision and use of at-home tests and to include that a covered entity must not, in delivery of its health programs and activities through the use of at-home tests, discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. (nfb.org)
1. The manner in which a health system is financed affects its stewardship, input creation, service provision and achievement of goals such as good health, responsiveness to people's non-medical expectations (short waiting times, respect for dignity, cleanliness of physical facilities, quality meals) and fair financial contributions, so that individuals are not exposed to great financial risk of impoverishment. (who.int)
The Commission is committed to embracing diversity and eliminating all forms of discrimination in the provision of health services. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
The findings warrant further investigation to understand the impact of these structural factors on parity of health care provision between mental and physical health care and the ability of mental health care services to support recovery. (biomedcentral.com)

4. The aim of this strategy is to foster development of equitable, efficient and sustainable national health financing to achieve the health-related MDGs and other national health goals. (who.int)
Health financing is one of the four functions of health systems. (who.int)
There is ample evidence that the manner in which a health system is financed affects both the performance of its functions and the achievement of its goals.3 The magnitude, efficiency and equity in health financing determine the pace at which individual countries are able to achieve national health development objectives and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). (who.int)
Member States to ensure that health financing systems include a method for prepayment of financial contributions for health care. (who.int)
The resolution also encourages planned transition to universal coverage and ensured, managed and organized external funds for specific health programmes or activities which contribute to the development of sustainable financing mechanisms for the health system as a whole. (who.int)

We may refer you to another service - such as Wellness Together Canada (text 741741 to connect with a trained, volunteer crisis responder). (kidshelpphone.ca)
I have questions regarding ________ (transcripts, financial aid, accessibility services etc) can you help me connect to the appropriate person and explain my question? (bemidjistate.edu)
Connect with a registered nurse day or night for free, secure and confidential health advice. (sickkids.ca)
Many participants were reluctant to connect their symptoms to the events of 9/11 due to lack of knowledge, the amount of time that had elapsed since 9/11, and the attribution of current health symptoms to the aging process. (cdc.gov)

There are many definitions of telemedicine, but the American Telemedicine Association defines it as the "use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve patients' health status. (cdc.gov)
9 ] Telemental health is the "use of telemedicine to provide mental health assessment and treatment at a distance. (cdc.gov)
10 ] This brief will use the term telemedicine to refer to the general use of technology to provide health services. (cdc.gov)
Telemedicine services are governed by federal and state laws. (cdc.gov)
Regulation varies considerably because each state defines telemedicine services differently, and these definitions determine the services that qualify for reimbursement under Medicaid and private insurance. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) encourages states to use the flexibility built into Medicaid to create innovative payment methodologies for services that incorporate telemedicine technology. (cdc.gov)
There is some evidence that when telemedicine is not reimbursed, or is reimbursed at a lower level than in-person services, doctors may not have sufficient financial incentives to provide telemedicine services. (cdc.gov)
Recent years have also seen abortion services witness change, with the rise of telemedicine and virtual appointments. (dovepress.com)

Moreover, these findings highlight areas for consideration in the implementation of the new federal WTC Health Program, now funded under the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act (H.R.847), which includes provisions for outreach and education. (cdc.gov)

However, malaria remains a regional and global priority as reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Technical Strategy (‎GTS)‎ for malaria (‎2016-2030)‎ adopted by the World Health Assembly (‎WHA)‎ in May 2015. (who.int)

The Oregon Health Authority (OHA) acknowledges the current status of our state's health care system. (oregon.gov)
Challenges for ensuring availability and accessibility toin health care services under Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS). (bvsalud.org)
The Commission plays an ongoing role in collaborating across the sector to drive system improvements and play a key role in monitoring and reporting on mental health reform. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
It is through listening to those providing services, those who fund services, and most importantly, those who use services that we will find the information we need to move towards the mental health system Australia needs. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
In most Western countries, inpatient mental health units (MHUs) form a small but important part of the system for providing specialist acute mental health care. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to design a fit for purpose mental health care system to meet increasing demand, consideration of roles of each part of the system is needed, including where each part of the system is best located in order to fulfil that role. (biomedcentral.com)
This study focuses on acute mental health units as a small but critical part of the mental health care system. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the Brazilian public healthcare system continues to play a proportionally small role in the use of dental services among children up to three years of age [6]. (bvsalud.org)
and the proportion of dental services financed by the patient was much higher than that financed by health insurance policies or the public healthcare system [6]. (bvsalud.org)
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. (bvsalud.org)

By helping more patients receive care consistent with their values, their preferences, and the best clinical evidence, Aledade's first acquisition will augment the support that Aledade delivers to its nationwide network of more than 1,000 independent primary care practices and health centers. (globenewswire.com)
OAS currently works directly with 700+ students throughout the year to support accommodation services covering all aspects of academic and campus life. (wpi.edu)
Search for physical or virtual support programs and services available to kids, teens and young adults across Canada. (kidshelpphone.ca)
Below, you can learn more about the services we offer and how you can get support with mental health and well-being. (kidshelpphone.ca)
If you contact Kids Help Phone's youth support services as an adult, we'll help you get the support you need. (kidshelpphone.ca)
Kids Help Phone is here to support your mental health and well-being. (kidshelpphone.ca)
To help us develop a culture of accessibility for the benefit of both those we serve and our staff, you'll find accessibility training modules and communication tools designed to support this important work. (wrha.mb.ca)
We're working to develop services, provide support, and influence policy in order to enable UK higher education to realise the rewards of open access (OA). (sherpa.ac.uk)
Managing your health and wellness is an integral part of "living well" with MS. Live Fully, Live Well is a comprehensive wellness program from the National MS Society and Can Do MS, designed for people living with MS and their support partners. (nationalmssociety.org)
and weak mechanisms for coordinating partner support in the health sector. (who.int)
If you are experiencing mental ill health we encourage you to reach out for support on your recovery journey. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)

CDC policy briefs provide a summary of evidence-based best practices or policy options for a public health issue. (cdc.gov)
The network of practices and health centers working with Aledade now spans 37 states and has grown by 20 percent over the last year. (globenewswire.com)

The 6th Prison Health Conference was held on 26-27 March 2019 in Helsinki, Finland, co-hosted by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, Public Health England and the Government of Finland. (who.int)

The Office of Strategy and Innovation (OSI) selected obesity, adolescent health, influenza and preparedness measurement as the initial priority areas for the goals management process. (cdc.gov)

These steps will ensure providers can continue providing critical services for the people of Oregon for the remainder of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency. (oregon.gov)
For consistency, if Montgomery County Public Schools are closed all day, close in the early afternoon, late afternoon or evening School Health Council meetings are canceled. (montgomerycountymd.gov)
Results were analyzed by using bivariate and multi- uberculosis (TB) continues to be an important public variate logistic models with SPSS version 12 software health problem in impoverished areas ( 1-4 ). (cdc.gov)
We thank the US Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights (HHS OCR) for seeking public feedback on this rulemaking. (nfb.org)
The WRHA has developed Accessible Customer Service Training in compliance with provincial government legislation that requires that all public sector institutions comply with the Customer Service Standard, also by Nov. 1, 2017. (wrha.mb.ca)
Geographic data were analysed and mental health units' locations in relation to hospital facilities and public amenities were mapped. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the role of hospital care for acute mental health presentations has been an increasing focus of public and policy attention internationally [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Explicitly state the focus, goals and environmental public health role of ATSDR's asbestos projects because the initiative continues to expand with additional partners and activities without a defined direction. (cdc.gov)
A Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a process to evaluate the potential positive and negative public health effects of a plan, project, or policy before it is approved, built, or implemented. (cdc.gov)
Transportation planning and design provides a great opportunity to protect public health. (cdc.gov)
A DMFT of 3.09 (±3.30) was found with a higher prevalence among the adolescents who used public dental services (3.43±3.34) compared with those who used private services (2.94±3.28). (bvsalud.org)
A low prevalence of dental caries was observed, and it was higher in adolescents who used public oral health services rather than private ones, evidencing the low influence of oral health on the quality of life of the participants. (bvsalud.org)

The Availability of family planning and maternal and child health services / Marilyn L. Wilkinson, Wamucii Njogu, Noureddine Abderrahim. (who.int)

This study aims to understand the challenges of SUS policy -makers and managers to ensure the availability and geographical accessibility to health service providers. (bvsalud.org)
Our new site consolidates Sherpa Services (Romeo, Juliet, Fact and OpenDOAR) in to one handy tool, and brings you Open Access policy, compliance and Transitional Agreement information. (sherpa.ac.uk)
For security, use of Google's reCAPTCHA service is required which is subject to the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Use . (bvsalud.org)

The 2018 Government Inquiry into Mental Health and Addictions found that services were not able to keep up with demand and made recommendations about expanding access and choice to services, particularly in the community, but was relatively silent on the continued role for hospital level specialist psychiatric care [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Equity and intersectoral action for health. (who.int)
Government health care charges : is equity being abandoned? (who.int)
This entry was posted in Equity and tagged Health Services Accessibility , Right to Health by Editor Equity/Equidad . (bvsalud.org)

ABSTRACT Accessibility to adequate health services is a basic human right. (who.int)
For adequate oral health, it is recommended that individuals visit the dentist periodically. (bvsalud.org)

Methods: Six focus groups were conducted in January 2010 with diverse subgroups of enrollees, who were likely eligible for 9/11- related treatment services. (cdc.gov)

This is the result of the expanded use of cost-effective prevention and case management services. (who.int)
Each person's journey is unique and a valued contribution to Australia's commitment to mental health suicide prevention systems reform. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)
CDC reported on recent developments under the Futures Initiative (FI), including the revised organizational structure of the Coordinating Center for Environmental Health and Injury Prevention (CCEHIP), roles and responsibilities of CCEHIP staff, and FI successes. (cdc.gov)

All WRHA staff are required to complete Accessible Customer Service Training by Nov. 1, 2017. (wrha.mb.ca)

6,7 ] Transportation is also a barrier in accessing mental health care and is often cited "as one of the major concerns reported by rural residents in discussing limitations to their access to health care or their participation in health programs. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Buys also took leadership in our six-week Extension Service dietetic intern rotation, providing them with experiences in recording a radio program, developing materials for Extension programs and many other activities," Mosby said. (msucares.com)
Update on Web Accessibility of Wisconsin Legislative Webpages o … of these programs. (wisconsin.gov)

It allows a qualified mental health professional who meets the qualifications of a Clinical Supervisor to sign off on new and annual service plans. (oregon.gov)
Acute mental health units share a similar purpose to acute surgical or medical units in providing acute clinical care: an intense period of assessment, treatment and monitoring in a safe space, and continuous nursing [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Once acute clinical needs have been met, care for both mental and physical health can then shift to a rehabilitation and community-based setting. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Danish Health and Medicines Authority assembled a group of experts to develop a national clinical guideline for patients with schizophrenia and complex mental health needs. (bvsalud.org)

World Health Organization. (who.int)
Regional Office for Europe (‎ World Health Organization. (who.int)

The online tool will seek input on service gaps, duplication, inefficiency, unnecessary red tape and solutions. (mentalhealthcommission.gov.au)

Interviews were conducted in Lima, Peru the health services that persons visited. (cdc.gov)
in persons with chronic productive coughs who came to The study was conducted in the Ate-Vitarte district health services in the study area. (cdc.gov)
The proportion of persons 15-44 years of age with of the East Lima Health Directorate IV. (cdc.gov)

Study participants were considered posi- taken by health services to prevent spread of this disease. (cdc.gov)
Results: Participants described a variety of physical and mental health symptoms and conditions, yet their knowledge and utilization of 9/11 healthcare services were low. (cdc.gov)

CDC's Tracking Network is an excellent data source for environmental hazards, exposures, and health conditions that can be a valuable asset to the HIA process. (cdc.gov)

Saúde Pública vol.32 no.5 Rio de Janeiro 2016 Epub May 17, 2016 Published online: May 2016 Abstract The aim of this study was to critically analyze various conceptual models on access to health services described in the literature from 1970 to 2013. (bvsalud.org)
A systematic review was conducted on applied and theoretical research publications that explicitly conceptualized access to health services. (bvsalud.org)

The Program Peer Review Subcommittee (PPRS), Community and Tribal Subcommittee (CTS), and Health Department Workgroup (HDWG) reported on respective work plans, ongoing activities and future projects. (cdc.gov)
Since 2009, the Registry's Treatment Referral Program (TRP) has encouraged enrollees and others with 9/11-related physical or mental health conditions to seek 9/11 specialty care. (cdc.gov)

The Office of Accessibility Services fosters an environment that supports an open and accessible campus. (wpi.edu)

Contact the Health Information Center at 1-971-673-2411, 711 TTY or [email protected] . (oregon.gov)

Major transportation corridors often create pollution levels that are higher than in ambient air and they include vulnerable populations that may have many health and environmental concern (e.g., high rates of asthma, poor air quality, and poverty/low incomes). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Psychiatry and Psychology16

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations14

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena38

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities4

Information Science14

Named Groups13

Health Care190

Geographicals12

Cancer mortality by educational level in the city of Barcelona. (1/7828)

Provider attitudes toward dispensing emergency contraception in Michigan's Title X programs.(2/7828)

Challenges in securing access to care for children. (3/7828)

Mental health/medical care cost offsets: opportunities for managed care. (4/7828)

The health impact of economic sanctions. (5/7828)

User charges for health care: a review of recent experience. (6/7828)

Are we ignoring population density in health planning? The issues of availability and accessibility. (7/7828)

Medical technology and inequity in health care: the case of Korea. (8/7828)

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Health Services Accessibility

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Health Surveys

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Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Health Services for the Aged

Preventive Health Services

Health Planning

Health Services Administration

Mental Health

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State Medicine

Attitude to Health

National Health Programs

Insurance, Health

Urban Health Services

Family Planning Services

Health Expenditures

Public Health Administration

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Health Services, Indigenous

Health

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Delivery of Health Care, Integrated

Great Britain

Health Behavior

Socioeconomic Factors

Health Education

United States Indian Health Service

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Cross-Sectional Studies

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England

Occupational Health

Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Interviews as Topic

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