Health personnel. Medical search

Health care workers specially trained and licensed to assist and support the work of health professionals. Often used synonymously with paramedical personnel, the term generally refers to all health care workers who perform tasks which must otherwise be performed by a physician or other health professional.

Men and women working in the provision of health services, whether as individual practitioners or employees of health institutions and programs, whether or not professionally trained, and whether or not subject to public regulation. (From A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, 1976)

Occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians, and are qualified by special training and, frequently, by licensure to work in supporting roles in the health care field. These occupations include, but are not limited to, medical technology, physical therapy, physician assistant, etc.

The availability of HEALTH PERSONNEL. It includes the demand and recruitment of both professional and allied health personnel, their present and future supply and distribution, and their assignment and utilization.

Individuals responsible for various duties pertaining to the medical office routine.

Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.

Books in the medical field are written works that provide information, guidance, and knowledge on various medical topics, including diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.

Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.

The practice of assisting women in childbirth.

Development of a library collection, including the determination and coordination of selection policy, assessment of needs of users and potential users, collection use studies, collection evaluation, identification of collection needs, selection of materials, planning for resource sharing, collection maintenance and weeding, and budgeting.

Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.

A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

Innovation and improvement of the health care system by reappraisal, amendment of services, and removal of faults and abuses in providing and distributing health services to patients. It includes a re-alignment of health services and health insurance to maximum demographic elements (the unemployed, indigent, uninsured, elderly, inner cities, rural areas) with reference to coverage, hospitalization, pricing and cost containment, insurers' and employers' costs, pre-existing medical conditions, prescribed drugs, equipment, and services.

The individuals employed by the hospital.

Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.

The state wherein the person is well adjusted.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.

Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care.

Public attitudes toward health, disease, and the medical care system.

Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

The levels of excellence which characterize the health service or health care provided based on accepted standards of quality.

Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and the maintenance of health.

Insurance providing coverage of medical, surgical, or hospital care in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.

The optimal state of the mouth and normal functioning of the organs of the mouth without evidence of disease.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Management of public health organizations or agencies.

The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.

The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.

The seeking and acceptance by patients of health service.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

Components of a national health care system which administer specific services, e.g., national health insurance.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.

The status of health in rural populations.

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive health services provided for individuals in the community.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.

Economic sector concerned with the provision, distribution, and consumption of health care services and related products.

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

The status of health in urban populations.

Organized services to provide health care for children.

Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Planning, organizing, and administering all activities related to personnel.

Institutions which provide medical or health-related services.

Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Planning that has the goals of improving health, improving accessibility to health services, and promoting efficiency in the provision of services and resources on a comprehensive basis for a whole community. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p299)

The practice of medicine as applied to special circumstances associated with military operations.

Activities and programs intended to assure or improve the quality of care in either a defined medical setting or a program. The concept includes the assessment or evaluation of the quality of care; identification of problems or shortcomings in the delivery of care; designing activities to overcome these deficiencies; and follow-up monitoring to ensure effectiveness of corrective steps.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

Professions or other business activities directed to the cure and prevention of disease. For occupations of medical personnel who are not physicians but who are working in the fields of medical technology, physical therapy, etc., ALLIED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS is available.

Facilities which administer the delivery of health care services to people living in a community or neighborhood.

Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.

Health care professionals, technicians, and assistants staffing LABORATORIES in research or health care facilities.

A nursing specialty concerned with promoting and protecting the health of populations, using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences to develop local, regional, state, and national health policy and research. It is population-focused and community-oriented, aimed at health promotion and disease prevention through educational, diagnostic, and preventive programs.

The selection, appointing, and scheduling of personnel.

Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.

Paramedical personnel trained to provide basic emergency care and life support under the supervision of physicians and/or nurses. These services may be carried out at the site of the emergency, in the ambulance, or in a health care institution.

Health services for employees, usually provided by the employer at the place of work.

Health insurance plans for employees, and generally including their dependents, usually on a cost-sharing basis with the employer paying a percentage of the premium.

Media that facilitate transportability of pertinent information concerning patient's illness across varied providers and geographic locations. Some versions include direct linkages to online consumer health information that is relevant to the health conditions and treatments related to a specific patient.

Services designed for HEALTH PROMOTION and prevention of disease.

The physical condition of human reproductive systems.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Hostile conflict between organized groups of people.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

The organization and administration of health services dedicated to the delivery of health care.

The systematic application of information and computer sciences to public health practice, research, and learning.

An operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to health and medical research. Until 1995, it was an agency of the United States PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.

Great Britain is a large island located off the northwest coast of mainland Europe, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and contributions to various fields including medicine.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

Those actions designed to carry out recommendations pertaining to health plans or programs.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

Services for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the aged and the maintenance of health in the elderly.

Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.

Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.

Organized services to provide health care to women. It excludes maternal care services for which MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES is available.

State plans prepared by the State Health Planning and Development Agencies which are made up from plans submitted by the Health Systems Agencies and subject to review and revision by the Statewide Health Coordinating Council.

Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically.

An armed intervention involving multi-national forces in the country of IRAQ.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Health services, public or private, in urban areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

Preventive health services provided for students. It excludes college or university students.

Administrative units of government responsible for policy making and management of governmental activities.

A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Health care services related to human REPRODUCTION and diseases of the reproductive system. Services are provided to both sexes and usually by physicians in the medical or the surgical specialties such as REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE; ANDROLOGY; GYNECOLOGY; OBSTETRICS; and PERINATOLOGY.

Voluntary groups of people representing diverse interests in the community such as hospitals, businesses, physicians, and insurers, with the principal objective to improve health care cost effectiveness.

Health care provided to specific cultural or tribal peoples which incorporates local customs, beliefs, and taboos.

There is no medical field definition of 'Iraq' as it is a geopolitical entity and not a medical term.

The practice of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the health of individuals associated with the marine environment.

Afghanistan is a country in South Asia with a high burden of infectious diseases, malnutrition, and non-communicable diseases.

Longitudinal patient-maintained records of individual health history and tools that allow individual control of access.

The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of men.

Recommendations for directing health planning functions and policies. These may be mandated by PL93-641 and issued by the Department of Health and Human Services for use by state and local planning agencies.

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)

The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.

Organized systems for providing comprehensive prepaid health care that have five basic attributes: (1) provide care in a defined geographic area; (2) provide or ensure delivery of an agreed-upon set of basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services; (3) provide care to a voluntarily enrolled group of persons; (4) require their enrollees to use the services of designated providers; and (5) receive reimbursement through a predetermined, fixed, periodic prepayment made by the enrollee without regard to the degree of services provided. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.

Community or individual involvement in the decision-making process.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Financial resources provided for activities related to health planning and development.

Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.

Organized services to provide health care to adolescents, ages ranging from 13 through 18 years.

The decision process by which individuals, groups or institutions establish policies pertaining to plans, programs or procedures.

Educational institutions for individuals specializing in the field of public health.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.

An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).

Computer-based systems for use in personnel management in a facility, e.g., distribution of caregivers with relation to patient needs.

A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Procedures outlined for the care of casualties and the maintenance of services in disasters.

To entrust to the care or management of another, to transfer or to assign tasks within an organizational or administrative unit or structure

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

That distinct portion of the institutional, industrial, or economic structure of a country that is controlled or owned by non-governmental, private interests.

The interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. An act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (From Random House Dictionary Unabridged, 2d ed)

Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.

The practice of nursing in the work environment.

Providing for the full range of personal health services for diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation of patients.

Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

Individuals responsible for the development of policy and supervision of the execution of plans and functional operations.

A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with administering those agencies and offices having programs pertaining to health and human services.

Professionals, technicians, and assistants staffing LABORATORIES.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

Community health education events focused on prevention of disease and promotion of health through audiovisual exhibits.

The process of choosing employees for specific types of employment. The concept includes recruitment.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)

The purposes, missions, and goals of an individual organization or its units, established through administrative processes. It includes an organization's long-range plans and administrative philosophy.

A non-medical term defined by the lay public as a food that has little or no preservatives, which has not undergone major processing, enrichment or refinement and which may be grown without pesticides. (from Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

India is a country with a diverse population and a significant burden of various diseases, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, and mental health issues.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The transfer of information from experts in the medical and public health fields to patients and the public. The study and use of communication strategies to inform and influence individual and community decisions that enhance health.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.

A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.

The interactions between representatives of institutions, agencies, or organizations.

A course or method of action selected, usually by an organization, institution, university, society, etc., from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions and positions on matters of public interest or social concern. It does not include internal policy relating to organization and administration within the corporate body, for which ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION is available.

Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health.

Payment by a third-party payer in a sum equal to the amount expended by a health care provider or facility for health services rendered to an insured or program beneficiary. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988)

The level of governmental organization and function at the national or country-wide level.

A vehicle equipped for transporting patients in need of emergency care.

Services specifically designed, staffed, and equipped for the emergency care of patients.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

Those individuals engaged in research.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations.

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

Services designed to promote, maintain, or restore dental health.

Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.

The area of a nation's economy that is tax-supported and under government control.

Contracts between an insurer and a subscriber or a group of subscribers whereby a specified set of health benefits is provided in return for a periodic premium.

The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.

Facilities equipped for performing surgery.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Organized groups serving in advisory capacities related to health planning activities.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

Demographic and epidemiologic changes that have occurred in the last five decades in many developing countries and that are characterized by major growth in the number and proportion of middle-aged and elderly persons and in the frequency of the diseases that occur in these age groups. The health transition is the result of efforts to improve maternal and child health via primary care and outreach services and such efforts have been responsible for a decrease in the birth rate; reduced maternal mortality; improved preventive services; reduced infant mortality, and the increased life expectancy that defines the transition. (From Ann Intern Med 1992 Mar 15;116(6):499-504)

The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.

The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.

Place or physical location of work or employment.

England is a country in the United Kingdom known for its National Health Service (NHS), which provides free healthcare to its residents.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Brazil is a country in South America known for its high rates of infectious diseases such as dengue fever, Zika virus, and chikungunya, as well as its successful vaccination programs.

Health at work in the general practice. (1/2817)

BACKGROUND: Poor mental health and high stress levels have been reported in staff working in general practice. Little is known about how practices are tackling these and other issues of health at work in the absence of an established occupational healthcare service. AIM: To establish the extent of knowledge and good practice of health at work policies for staff working in general practice. METHOD: Practice managers in 450 randomly selected general practices in England were interviewed by telephone, and the general practitioner (GP) with lead responsibility for workplace health in the same practice was surveyed by postal questionnaire. We surveyed the existence and implementation of practice policies, causes and effects of stress on practice staff, and agreement between practice managers and GPs on these issues. RESULTS: Seventy-one per cent of GPs and 76% of practice managers responded, with at least one reply from 408 (91%) practices and responses from both the practice manager and GPs from 252 (56%) practices. Seventy-nine per cent of practices had a policy on monitoring risks and hazards. The proportion of practices with other workplace health policies ranged from 21% (policy to minimize stress) to 91% (policy on staff smoking). There was a tendency for practices to have policies but not to implement them. The three causes of stress for practice staff most commonly cites by both GP and practice manager responders were 'patient demands', 'too much work', and 'patient abuse/aggression'. Sixty-five per cent of GPs felt that stress had caused mistakes in their practices. Although there was general agreement between the two groups, there was a considerable lack of agreement between responders working in the same practices. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed substantial neglect of workplace health issues with many practices falling foul of health and safety legislation. This report should help general practices identify issues to tackle to improve their workplace health, and the Health at Work in the NHS project to focus on areas where their targeted help will be most worthwhile. (+info)

The managed care revolution: how medical technologists have tolerated the change. (2/2817)

A repeated cross-sectional study on the psychological profiles and interpersonal styles of highly stressed medical technologists (perfusionists) has found remarkable consistency in internal psychological profiles and differences in interpersonal dynamics over a 6-year period. Six years ago a longitudinal study was begun to track the psychological profiles of perfusionists. Surgeons can repair cardiac defects only after a beating heart has been stopped. In order for the brain and other organs to survive cardiac surgery, they must be perfused with well-oxygenated blood. As a result, the life of every cardiac surgery patient literally sits in the hands of the cardiac perfusionist. The stress of placing patients on and off the 'pump' is one that is experienced by cardiovascular perfusionists on a daily basis. This stress has been likened to that of air traffic controllers who continually prepare planes for take off and/or landing. In the 6 years between studies, medical technologists have changed very little psychologically. They remain very well balanced. However, there have been significant changes in their interpersonal behaviours. Instead of the 'well-balanced' interpersonal profiles of 6 years ago, there is a higher degree of assertiveness/aggressiveness being reported. Managed Care has begun to impact interpersonal behaviours but has not yet altered the more resilient platform of internal psychological balance. (+info)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary dissection in breast cancer: results in a large series. (3/2817)

BACKGROUND: Axillary lymph node dissection is an established component of the surgical treatment of breast cancer, and is an important procedure in cancer staging; however, it is associated with unpleasant side effects. We have investigated a radioactive tracer-guided procedure that facilitates identification, removal, and pathologic examination of the sentinel lymph node (i.e., the lymph node first receiving lymphatic fluid from the area of the breast containing the tumor) to predict the status of the axilla and to assess the safety of foregoing axillary dissection if the sentinel lymph node shows no involvement. METHODS: We injected 5-10 MBq of 99mTc-labeled colloidal particles of human albumin peritumorally in 376 consecutive patients with breast cancer who were enrolled at the European Institute of Oncology during the period from March 1996 through March 1998. The sentinel lymph node in each case was visualized by lymphoscintigraphy, and its general location was marked on the overlying skin. During breast surgery, the sentinel lymph node was identified for removal by monitoring the acoustic signal from a hand-held gamma ray-detecting probe. Total axillary dissection was then carried out. The pathologic status of the sentinel lymph node was compared with that of the whole axilla. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph node was identified in 371 (98.7%) of the 376 patients and accurately predicted the state of the axilla in 359 (95.5%) of the patients, with 12 false-negative findings (6.7%; 95% confidence interval = 3.5%-11.4%) among a total of 180 patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy using a gamma ray-detecting probe allows staging of the axilla with high accuracy in patients with primary breast cancer. A randomized trial is necessary to determine whether axillary dissection may be avoided in those patients with an uninvolved sentinel lymph node. (+info)

Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: worldwide cases through September 1997. (4/2817)

The average estimated risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for health care workers following a percutaneous or mucous exposure is <0.5% in incidence studies, although a case-control study suggests it is much higher for highest-risk percutaneous exposure. To characterize exposures resulting in HIV transmission, we reviewed available data on occupational cases reported worldwide, identifying 94 documented and 170 possible cases. The majority of documented infections occurred in nurses, after contact with the blood of a patient with AIDS by means of percutaneous exposure, with a device placed in an artery or vein. High-exposure job categories, e.g., midwives and surgeons, are represented mostly among possible cases. Transmission occurred also through splashes, cuts, and skin contaminations, and in some cases despite postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine. Health care workers could benefit if these data were incorporated in educational programs designed to prevent occupational bloodborne infections. (+info)

High prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infections in dialysis staff. (5/2817)

BACKGROUND: Patients on renal replacement therapy, haemodialysis (HD), or after kidney transplantation (TX), are known to be at risk of acquiring blood-borne infections (HBV, HCV). GBV-C/Hepatitis G virus (HGV) has been described recently and is considered to cause blood-borne infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk for the medical staff of HD and TX patients to acquire HGV infection. METHODS: Eighty-five HD patients and 86 TX recipients were compared with 49 health-care workers and 64 blood donors as controls. The HGV prevalence was determined by RT-PCR and antibodies to E2 protein. RESULTS: A high prevalence of HGV was found in the medical staff (24%) which nearly corresponded to the prevalence of the patients (TX 36%, HD 25%) but not to the controls (9%). In contrast, the prevalence of HCV was low in the medical staff (2%) and controls (0%) but high in HD (13%) and TX (13%). Age and duration of employment in the department did not significantly influence the HGV prevalence in staff. The number of viraemic subjects in staff was high, possibly indicating a more recent infection. CONCLUSION: An occupational risk for HGV exists in medical staff of dialysis and transplant patients. Further routes of transmission than only parenteral may play a role in this setting. (+info)

Nosocomial group A streptococcal infections associated with asymptomatic health-care workers--Maryland and California, 1997. (6/2817)

Group A Streptococcus (GAS), a common cause of pharyngitis and uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections, can cause serious invasive infections (including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome [STSS]) and death. Since 1965, at least 15 postoperative or postpartum GAS outbreaks attributed to asymptomatic carriage in health-care workers (HCWs) have been reported. This report describes two nosocomial outbreaks of GAS infection in Maryland and California during 1996-1997; the findings suggest that early infection-control measures that include active surveillance may interrupt transmission and prevent morbidity and mortality. (+info)

Effectiveness of training health professionals to provide smoking cessation interventions: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. (7/2817)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of interventions that train healthcare professionals in methods for improving the quality of care delivered to patients who smoke. DESIGN: Systematic literature review. SETTING: Primary care medical and dental practices in the United States and Canada. Patients were recruited opportunistically. SUBJECTS: 878 healthcare professionals and 11,228 patients who smoked and were identified in eight randomised controlled trials. In each of these trials healthcare professionals received formal training in smoking cessation, and their performance was compared with that of a control group. MAIN MEASURES: Point prevalence rates of abstinence from smoking at six or 12 months in patients who were smokers at baseline. Rates of performance of tasks of smoking cessation by healthcare professionals, including offering counselling, setting dates to stop smoking, giving follow up appointments, distributing self help materials, and recommending nicotine gum. METHODS: Trials were identified by multiple methods. Data were abstracted according to predetermined criteria by two observers. When possible, meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model and the results were subjected to sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Healthcare professionals who had received training were significantly more likely to perform tasks of smoking cessation than untrained controls. There was a modest increase in the odds of stopping smoking for smokers attending health professionals who had received training compared with patients attending control practitioners (odds ratio 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.68)). This result was not robust to sensitivity analysis. The effects of training were increased if prompts and reminders were used. There was no definite benefit found for more intensive forms of counselling compared with minimal contact strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Training health professionals to provide smoking cessation interventions had a measurable impact on professional performance. A modest, but non-robust, effect on patient outcome was also found, suggesting that training alone is unlikely to be an effective strategy for improving quality of care, unless organisational and other factors are also considered. (+info)

Understanding adverse events: human factors. (8/2817)

(1) Human rather than technical failures now represent the greatest threat to complex and potentially hazardous systems. This includes healthcare systems. (2) Managing the human risks will never be 100% effective. Human fallibility can be moderated, but it cannot be eliminated. (3) Different error types have different underlying mechanisms, occur in different parts of the organisation, and require different methods of risk management. The basic distinctions are between: Slips, lapses, trips, and fumbles (execution failures) and mistakes (planning or problem solving failures). Mistakes are divided into rule based mistakes and knowledge based mistakes. Errors (information-handling problems) and violations (motivational problems) Active versus latent failures. Active failures are committed by those in direct contact with the patient, latent failures arise in organisational and managerial spheres and their adverse effects may take a long time to become evident. (4) Safety significant errors occur at all levels of the system, not just at the sharp end. Decisions made in the upper echelons of the organisation create the conditions in the workplace that subsequently promote individual errors and violations. Latent failures are present long before an accident and are hence prime candidates for principled risk management. (5) Measures that involve sanctions and exhortations (that is, moralistic measures directed to those at the sharp end) have only very limited effectiveness, especially so in the case of highly trained professionals. (6) Human factors problems are a product of a chain of causes in which the individual psychological factors (that is, momentary inattention, forgetting, etc) are the last and least manageable links. Attentional "capture" (preoccupation or distraction) is a necessary condition for the commission of slips and lapses. Yet, its occurrence is almost impossible to predict or control effectively. The same is true of the factors associated with forgetting. States of mind contributing to error are thus extremely difficult to manage; they can happen to the best of people at any time. (7) People do not act in isolation. Their behaviour is shaped by circumstances. The same is true for errors and violations. The likelihood of an unsafe act being committed is heavily influenced by the nature of the task and by the local workplace conditions. These, in turn, are the product of "upstream" organisational factors. Great gains in safety can ve achieved through relatively small modifications of equipment and workplaces. (8) Automation and increasing advanced equipment do not cure human factors problems, they merely relocate them. In contrast, training people to work effectively in teams costs little, but has achieved significant enhancements of human performance in aviation. (9) Effective risk management depends critically on a confidential and preferable anonymous incident monitoring system that records the individual, task, situational, and organisational factors associated with incidents and near misses. (10) Effective risk management means the simultaneous and targeted deployment of limited remedial resources at different levels of the system: the individual or team, the task, the situation, and the organisation as a whole. (+info)

Allied Health Personnel (AHPs) are healthcare professionals who provide a wide range of services to support the delivery of healthcare. They are not medical doctors, but they play a critical role in the healthcare system by providing specialized services that complement the work of physicians and other healthcare providers. AHPs include professionals such as nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, dietitians, pharmacists, medical laboratory technologists, radiologic technologists, respiratory therapists, and many others. They work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, schools, and private practices. AHPs are trained to provide specialized care in their respective fields, and they work closely with physicians and other healthcare providers to ensure that patients receive comprehensive and coordinated care. They may also be involved in research, education, and advocacy to advance the field of healthcare and improve patient outcomes.

Allied Health Occupations (AHOs) are healthcare professionals who provide a wide range of services to patients and support the work of doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers. These professionals are trained to perform specific tasks and functions that are essential to the delivery of healthcare services. AHOs include a diverse group of healthcare professionals such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, dietitians, medical laboratory technologists, radiologic technologists, respiratory therapists, and many others. These professionals work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, schools, and private practices. AHOs play a critical role in the healthcare system by providing specialized services that help patients recover from illnesses, injuries, and disabilities. They also help to prevent and manage chronic conditions, promote healthy lifestyles, and provide support to patients and their families. Overall, AHOs are essential members of the healthcare team who work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to provide high-quality, patient-centered care.

In the medical field, "Access to Information" refers to the ability of patients, healthcare providers, and other authorized individuals to obtain and understand the medical information they need to make informed decisions about their health and care. This includes information about a patient's medical history, current condition, treatment options, and potential risks and benefits of various medical interventions. Access to information is critical in the medical field because it enables patients to participate actively in their own care, make informed decisions about their treatment options, and monitor their health status. It also helps healthcare providers to provide more effective and personalized care by enabling them to access and analyze patient data more efficiently and accurately. Access to information can be facilitated through a variety of means, including electronic health records (EHRs), patient portals, and other digital tools. These tools can help to streamline the process of sharing medical information between healthcare providers and patients, and can also help to ensure that patients have access to the information they need to make informed decisions about their health and care.

In the medical field, "books" typically refer to written works that provide information and guidance on various aspects of medicine, healthcare, and related fields. These books can cover a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, medical ethics, and more. Medical books can be used by healthcare professionals, students, and researchers to gain knowledge and stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field. They can also be used as reference materials for clinical decision-making and as teaching tools in medical education. Some examples of medical books include textbooks, handbooks, atlases, monographs, and review articles. These books can be published by academic presses, medical societies, and commercial publishers, and can be available in print or digital formats.

The attitude of health personnel refers to the beliefs, values, and emotions that healthcare providers bring to their work with patients. It encompasses their approach to patient care, their level of empathy and compassion, their communication skills, and their overall demeanor towards patients and colleagues. A positive attitude of health personnel is essential for providing high-quality patient care. It can help to build trust and rapport with patients, improve communication and collaboration with colleagues, and enhance the overall patient experience. On the other hand, a negative attitude can have a detrimental effect on patient care, leading to misunderstandings, conflicts, and poor outcomes. Healthcare providers are trained to develop a positive attitude towards their work and their patients. This includes cultivating empathy, compassion, and respect for patients, as well as developing effective communication and interpersonal skills. Additionally, healthcare organizations may provide training and support to help staff maintain a positive attitude and cope with the challenges of working in the healthcare field.

Delivery of health care refers to the process of providing medical services and treatments to patients. It encompasses all aspects of patient care, from initial diagnosis and treatment planning to ongoing monitoring and follow-up. The delivery of health care can take place in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, physician offices, and long-term care facilities. It involves a team of healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other allied health professionals, who work together to provide comprehensive and coordinated care to patients. The goal of the delivery of health care is to improve patient outcomes, promote health and wellness, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals and communities.

Cross-sectional studies are a type of observational research design used in the medical field to examine the prevalence or distribution of a particular health outcome or risk factor in a population at a specific point in time. In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of individuals who are all measured at the same time, rather than following them over time. Cross-sectional studies are useful for identifying associations between health outcomes and risk factors, but they cannot establish causality. For example, a cross-sectional study may find that people who smoke are more likely to have lung cancer than non-smokers, but it cannot determine whether smoking causes lung cancer or if people with lung cancer are more likely to smoke. Cross-sectional studies are often used in public health research to estimate the prevalence of diseases or conditions in a population, to identify risk factors for certain health outcomes, and to compare the health status of different groups of people. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or to identify potential risk factors for disease outbreaks.

In the medical field, data collection refers to the process of gathering and organizing information about patients, their health conditions, and their medical treatments. This information is typically collected through various methods, such as medical history interviews, physical exams, diagnostic tests, and medical records. The purpose of data collection in medicine is to provide a comprehensive understanding of a patient's health status and to inform medical decision-making. This information can be used to diagnose and treat medical conditions, monitor the effectiveness of treatments, and identify potential health risks. Data collection in medicine is typically carried out by healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and medical researchers. The data collected may include demographic information, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory test results, and imaging studies. This information is often stored in electronic health records (EHRs) for easy access and analysis. Overall, data collection is a critical component of medical practice, as it enables healthcare professionals to provide personalized and effective care to their patients.

In the medical field, "attitude to health" refers to an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors related to their health and well-being. It encompasses their perceptions of their own health status, their motivation to engage in healthy behaviors, their willingness to seek medical care, and their attitudes towards illness and disease. An individual's attitude to health can have a significant impact on their health outcomes. For example, a positive attitude towards health can motivate individuals to adopt healthy behaviors, such as regular exercise and a healthy diet, and to seek medical care when needed. On the other hand, a negative attitude towards health can lead to unhealthy behaviors and a reluctance to seek medical care, which can contribute to poor health outcomes. In medical practice, healthcare providers often assess an individual's attitude to health as part of their overall assessment of their health status. This can help healthcare providers to identify any barriers to healthy behaviors or medical care and to develop tailored interventions to support positive health behaviors and outcomes.

In the medical field, "Delivery of Health Care, Integrated" refers to the coordination and management of health care services across different settings and providers to ensure that patients receive comprehensive, continuous, and seamless care. This approach involves bringing together various health care professionals, such as physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other specialists, to work together to provide care that is tailored to the individual needs of the patient. Integrated delivery of health care also involves the use of technology and data to facilitate communication and coordination among providers, as well as to support evidence-based decision-making and quality improvement. This approach can help to reduce duplication of services, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the overall cost of care. Examples of integrated delivery of health care include accountable care organizations (ACOs), patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs), and other models that aim to provide coordinated and comprehensive care to patients across different settings and providers.

Community Health Services refer to the healthcare services that are provided to individuals and communities within a specific geographic area. These services are designed to promote health and prevent illness, as well as to provide treatment and support for those who are already sick or injured. Community Health Services can include a wide range of healthcare services, such as primary care clinics, public health clinics, mental health clinics, dental clinics, and substance abuse treatment centers. These services are typically provided by a variety of healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, and social workers. The goal of Community Health Services is to provide accessible, affordable, and high-quality healthcare to all members of a community, regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, or other factors. By providing these services, Community Health Services can help to improve the overall health and well-being of a community, and reduce the burden of illness and disease on individuals and families.

Child Health Services refer to the healthcare services and programs that are specifically designed to promote and maintain the health and well-being of children from birth to adolescence. These services are provided by healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, nurses, nutritionists, and social workers, among others. Child Health Services may include routine check-ups, vaccinations, screenings for various health conditions, treatment for illnesses and injuries, and preventive care measures such as nutrition counseling and mental health support. These services may also address the unique health needs of children with special needs or disabilities. Child Health Services are essential for ensuring that children receive the care they need to grow and develop into healthy adults. They are typically provided through a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, and community centers.

Community Health Planning is a process of identifying and addressing the health needs of a specific community. It involves a collaborative effort between various stakeholders, including healthcare providers, public health officials, community members, and government agencies, to develop and implement strategies to improve the health of the community. The process of community health planning typically involves several steps, including: 1. Needs assessment: Identifying the health needs of the community through data collection and analysis. 2. Setting priorities: Prioritizing the identified health needs based on their severity and impact on the community. 3. Developing a plan: Developing a comprehensive plan that outlines the strategies and actions needed to address the prioritized health needs. 4. Implementing the plan: Implementing the plan through various activities, such as community outreach, education, and service delivery. 5. Monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring the progress of the plan and evaluating its effectiveness in improving the health of the community. Community Health Planning is an important tool for addressing health disparities and improving the overall health of a community. It helps to ensure that healthcare resources are allocated in a way that meets the needs of the community and promotes health equity.

Community Health Centers (CHCs) are primary care facilities that provide comprehensive, high-quality, and culturally competent health services to individuals and families in underserved communities. CHCs are typically non-profit organizations that are funded by the federal government and are required to provide care to a medically underserved population, including low-income individuals, uninsured individuals, and those with limited English proficiency. CHCs offer a wide range of services, including primary care, dental care, behavioral health services, and health education. They also provide access to specialty care, laboratory services, and prescription medications. CHCs often have partnerships with other healthcare providers and organizations to ensure that patients receive coordinated and comprehensive care. CHCs are designed to be patient-centered, meaning that they prioritize the needs and preferences of their patients. They also strive to be community-based, working closely with local organizations and leaders to address the unique health needs of their communities. Overall, CHCs play a critical role in improving access to healthcare for underserved populations and promoting health equity.

In the medical field, mental disorders are conditions that affect a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, causing significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. Mental disorders are diagnosed based on a set of criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM-5 categorizes mental disorders into several broad categories, including: 1. Anxiety disorders: conditions characterized by excessive fear or worry, such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. 2. Mood disorders: conditions characterized by significant changes in mood, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and dysthymia. 3. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders: conditions characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behavior, such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder. 4. Neurodevelopmental disorders: conditions that begin in childhood and affect cognitive and social development, such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 5. Personality disorders: conditions characterized by enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that deviate from societal norms and cause significant distress or impairment, such as borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. 6. Substance-related and addictive disorders: conditions characterized by the use of substances or behaviors that cause significant impairment in daily functioning, such as alcohol use disorder, opioid use disorder, and gambling disorder. 7. Eating disorders: conditions characterized by abnormal eating behaviors that cause significant distress or impairment, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Mental disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors, and they can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. Treatment for mental disorders typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Occupational diseases are illnesses or injuries that are caused by exposure to hazards or conditions in the workplace. These hazards or conditions can include chemicals, dusts, fumes, radiation, noise, vibration, and physical demands such as repetitive motions or awkward postures. Occupational diseases can affect various systems in the body, including the respiratory system, skin, eyes, ears, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. Examples of occupational diseases include asbestosis, silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and hearing loss. Occupational diseases are preventable through proper safety measures and regulations in the workplace. Employers are responsible for providing a safe and healthy work environment for their employees, and workers have the right to report hazards and seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms related to their work.

In the medical field, Afghanistan refers to a country located in South Asia. It is known for its complex political and social history, as well as its ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis. The healthcare system in Afghanistan is underdeveloped and faces numerous challenges, including a lack of resources, infrastructure, and trained healthcare professionals. As a result, many people in Afghanistan have limited access to basic healthcare services, including medical treatment, vaccinations, and preventive care. Medical professionals working in Afghanistan may encounter a range of health issues, including infectious diseases, malnutrition, and trauma related to conflict and violence.

Community Mental Health Services refer to a range of mental health services that are provided outside of traditional hospital settings, such as psychiatric hospitals or clinics. These services are designed to support individuals with mental health conditions in their communities, and to help them maintain their mental health and well-being. Community Mental Health Services may include a variety of different types of services, such as: 1. Outpatient therapy: This type of service involves regular meetings with a mental health professional, either individually or in a group setting, to discuss and work through mental health concerns. 2. Case management: This type of service involves a mental health professional working with an individual to develop a plan for managing their mental health needs, including accessing other services and resources as needed. 3. Support groups: These are groups of individuals who meet regularly to share their experiences and provide support to one another. 4. Crisis intervention: This type of service involves providing immediate support and assistance to individuals who are experiencing a mental health crisis, such as a suicide attempt or a severe episode of psychosis. 5. Assertive community treatment (ACT): This type of service involves a team of mental health professionals working closely with an individual to provide intensive, personalized support and treatment in the community. Overall, the goal of Community Mental Health Services is to help individuals with mental health conditions maintain their independence and quality of life, while also providing them with the support and resources they need to manage their conditions effectively.

Consumer participation in the medical field refers to the involvement of patients, their families, and other members of the public in making decisions about healthcare and healthcare policy. This can include activities such as participating in clinical trials, providing feedback on healthcare services, and advocating for healthcare policies that align with their values and needs. Consumer participation can take many forms, including patient engagement in clinical decision-making, patient advocacy, and community organizing. It is often facilitated by healthcare providers, patient advocacy organizations, and other stakeholders who seek to empower patients and their families to take an active role in their healthcare. The goal of consumer participation is to improve the quality and safety of healthcare, increase patient satisfaction, and promote health equity. By involving patients and their families in healthcare decision-making, healthcare providers can better understand their needs and preferences, and tailor their care to meet those needs. Additionally, consumer participation can help to ensure that healthcare policies and practices are responsive to the needs and concerns of patients and their communities.

In the medical field, "age factors" refer to the effects of aging on the body and its various systems. As people age, their bodies undergo a variety of changes that can impact their health and well-being. These changes can include: 1. Decreased immune function: As people age, their immune system becomes less effective at fighting off infections and diseases. 2. Changes in metabolism: Aging can cause changes in the way the body processes food and uses energy, which can lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. 3. Cardiovascular changes: Aging can lead to changes in the heart and blood vessels, including increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. 4. Cognitive changes: Aging can affect memory, attention, and other cognitive functions, which can lead to conditions such as dementia and Alzheimer's disease. 5. Joint and bone changes: Aging can cause changes in the joints and bones, including decreased bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis and arthritis. 6. Skin changes: Aging can cause changes in the skin, including wrinkles, age spots, and decreased elasticity. 7. Hormonal changes: Aging can cause changes in hormone levels, including decreased estrogen in women and decreased testosterone in men, which can lead to a variety of health issues. Overall, age factors play a significant role in the development of many health conditions and can impact a person's quality of life. It is important for individuals to be aware of these changes and to take steps to maintain their health and well-being as they age.

Adolescent Health Services refer to the healthcare services and programs that are specifically designed to meet the unique healthcare needs of adolescents, typically defined as individuals between the ages of 10 and 19 years old. These services may include primary care, mental health services, reproductive health services, substance abuse treatment, and other specialized services that address the unique health concerns of adolescents. Adolescent Health Services are important because adolescence is a critical period of physical, emotional, and social development, and adolescents may face a range of health challenges that are different from those faced by adults. For example, adolescents may be at risk for certain health conditions such as sexually transmitted infections, substance abuse, and mental health disorders, and may require specialized care and support to address these issues. Adolescent Health Services may be provided in a variety of settings, including schools, community health centers, and hospitals. These services may be provided by a range of healthcare professionals, including pediatricians, adolescent medicine specialists, mental health counselors, and nurses.

Cohort studies are a type of observational study in the medical field that involves following a group of individuals (a cohort) over time to identify the incidence of a particular disease or health outcome. The individuals in the cohort are typically selected based on a common characteristic, such as age, gender, or exposure to a particular risk factor. During the study, researchers collect data on the health and lifestyle of the cohort members, and then compare the incidence of the disease or health outcome between different subgroups within the cohort. This can help researchers identify risk factors or protective factors associated with the disease or outcome. Cohort studies are useful for studying the long-term effects of exposure to a particular risk factor, such as smoking or air pollution, on the development of a disease. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions or treatments for a particular disease. One of the main advantages of cohort studies is that they can provide strong evidence of causality, as the exposure and outcome are measured over a long period of time and in the same group of individuals. However, they can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, and may be subject to biases if the cohort is not representative of the general population.

In the medical field, cooperative behavior refers to the willingness and ability of healthcare providers, patients, and other stakeholders to work together towards a common goal of providing high-quality healthcare. This includes communication, collaboration, and teamwork among healthcare professionals, as well as patients' active participation in their own care. Cooperative behavior is essential in healthcare because it can lead to better outcomes, improved patient satisfaction, and reduced healthcare costs. For example, when healthcare providers work together to coordinate care, they can avoid duplication of services and ensure that patients receive the most appropriate treatment. When patients are actively involved in their care, they are more likely to adhere to treatment plans and have better health outcomes. In addition, cooperative behavior is important in promoting a culture of safety in healthcare. When healthcare providers work together to identify and address safety risks, they can prevent errors and adverse events, which can harm patients and lead to legal and financial consequences. Overall, cooperative behavior is a critical component of high-quality healthcare, and healthcare providers should strive to foster a culture of collaboration and teamwork in their practice.

Comprehensive health care refers to a type of health care that provides a wide range of medical services and support to individuals, including preventive care, primary care, specialty care, and ancillary services. Comprehensive health care is designed to meet the full spectrum of an individual's health needs, including physical, mental, and emotional health. Comprehensive health care typically includes regular check-ups, screenings, and vaccinations to prevent illness and detect health problems early. It also includes primary care services such as diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic conditions, as well as management of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. In addition to primary care, comprehensive health care may also include specialty care services such as surgery, oncology, cardiology, and neurology. Ancillary services such as laboratory testing, radiology, and pharmacy are also typically included in comprehensive health care. Overall, comprehensive health care is focused on providing individuals with the highest quality of care possible, promoting health and wellness, and helping individuals manage their health and well-being over the long term.

In the medical field, administrative personnel refers to individuals who are responsible for managing the administrative functions of a healthcare organization. This includes tasks such as scheduling appointments, managing patient records, billing and insurance, managing supplies and equipment, and overseeing the day-to-day operations of the facility. Administrative personnel in the medical field may include a variety of roles, such as medical secretaries, administrative assistants, medical billing and coding specialists, medical records technicians, and healthcare managers. These individuals are essential to the smooth operation of a healthcare facility, as they help ensure that patients receive the care they need in a timely and efficient manner, while also managing the financial and administrative aspects of the organization.

In the medical field, costs and cost analysis refer to the process of determining the expenses associated with providing healthcare services. This includes the costs of medical equipment, supplies, personnel, facilities, and other resources required to provide medical care. Cost analysis involves examining the costs associated with different aspects of healthcare delivery, such as patient care, administrative tasks, and research and development. This information can be used to identify areas where costs can be reduced or optimized, and to make informed decisions about resource allocation and pricing. Cost analysis is important in the medical field because it helps healthcare providers and administrators to understand the financial implications of providing care, and to make decisions that are both effective and efficient. By analyzing costs, healthcare providers can identify opportunities to improve the quality of care while reducing expenses, which can ultimately benefit patients and the healthcare system as a whole.

I'm sorry, but I'm not aware of any medical field definition for "Afghan Campaign 2001-". It is likely that you are referring to the military campaign in Afghanistan that began in 2001, which was led by the United States and its allies in response to the September 11 attacks. This campaign involved military operations against the Taliban regime and its al-Qaeda allies, as well as efforts to rebuild the country and provide humanitarian aid. It is not a term that is typically used in the medical field.

In the medical field, a chronic disease is a long-term health condition that persists for an extended period, typically for more than three months. Chronic diseases are often progressive, meaning that they tend to worsen over time, and they can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. Chronic diseases can affect any part of the body and can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Some examples of chronic diseases include heart disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and arthritis. Chronic diseases often require ongoing medical management, including medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring to prevent complications and manage symptoms. Treatment for chronic diseases may also involve rehabilitation, physical therapy, and other supportive care.

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a method used to evaluate the economic feasibility of a medical intervention or treatment. It involves comparing the costs of a particular treatment or intervention with the benefits it provides to patients, taking into account both the direct and indirect costs and benefits. In the medical field, CBA is often used to determine the most cost-effective treatment for a particular condition or disease. It can help healthcare providers and policymakers make informed decisions about resource allocation and prioritize treatments based on their cost-effectiveness. CBA typically involves the following steps: 1. Identifying the medical intervention or treatment being evaluated. 2. Estimating the costs associated with the intervention, including direct costs such as medical supplies and personnel time, as well as indirect costs such as lost productivity and quality of life. 3. Estimating the benefits of the intervention, including improvements in health outcomes, reduced morbidity and mortality, and increased quality of life. 4. Comparing the costs and benefits of the intervention to determine its cost-effectiveness. 5. Using the results of the CBA to inform decision-making about resource allocation and treatment prioritization. Overall, CBA can be a useful tool for healthcare providers and policymakers to make informed decisions about medical interventions and treatments, taking into account both the costs and benefits of each option.

Ambulances are vehicles specifically designed and equipped to transport patients to and from medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics, or urgent care centers. They are staffed by trained medical professionals, such as emergency medical technicians (EMTs) or paramedics, who are responsible for providing medical care to patients during transport. Ambulances are typically equipped with medical equipment and supplies, such as oxygen tanks, defibrillators, intravenous (IV) pumps, and medication carts, to provide basic medical care to patients. They may also have specialized equipment, such as stretchers or backboards, to help move patients who are unable to walk or who require additional support during transport. In addition to transporting patients to medical facilities, ambulances may also be used to provide emergency medical care at the scene of an accident or other medical emergency. This can include administering first aid, performing CPR, or providing other life-saving interventions until the patient can be transported to a medical facility for further treatment.

In the medical field, "Decision Making, Organizational" refers to the process of making decisions at the organizational level, such as strategic planning, resource allocation, and policy development. This involves considering various factors, such as patient care, financial considerations, and regulatory requirements, and making informed choices that benefit the organization as a whole. Effective organizational decision making is critical for the success of healthcare organizations and the delivery of high-quality care to patients.

In the medical field, "Australia" typically refers to the country located in the southern hemisphere, which is known for its unique flora and fauna, as well as its diverse population and healthcare system. Australia has a well-developed healthcare system that is publicly funded through a combination of taxes and government subsidies. The country has a universal healthcare system known as Medicare, which provides free or low-cost medical services to all citizens and permanent residents. In addition to its public healthcare system, Australia also has a thriving private healthcare sector, which includes hospitals, clinics, and specialist medical practices. Many Australians also have private health insurance, which can provide additional coverage for medical services that are not covered by Medicare. Overall, the medical field in Australia is highly advanced and well-regarded, with a strong emphasis on research, innovation, and patient-centered care.

In the medical field, "Brazil" typically refers to the country located in South America. Brazil is the largest country in both South America and Latin America, and it is known for its diverse population, rich culture, and natural resources. In terms of healthcare, Brazil has a publicly funded healthcare system called the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, or SUS). The SUS provides free or low-cost healthcare services to all Brazilian citizens and residents, including primary care, hospitalization, and specialized medical care. Brazil has also made significant strides in public health, particularly in the areas of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and dengue fever. The country has implemented widespread vaccination programs and has made efforts to improve access to healthcare services in underserved areas. However, Brazil still faces significant challenges in the healthcare sector, including a shortage of healthcare professionals, inadequate infrastructure, and disparities in access to healthcare services between different regions and socioeconomic groups.

In the medical field, Community-Institutional Relations (CIR) refers to the interactions and relationships between healthcare institutions and the communities they serve. These relationships are critical for ensuring that healthcare services are accessible, culturally appropriate, and responsive to the needs of the community. CIR involves a range of activities, including community outreach and engagement, partnership building, and collaboration with community-based organizations. Healthcare institutions may work with community leaders, advocacy groups, and other stakeholders to identify community health needs, develop and implement health promotion programs, and address health disparities. Effective CIR requires a deep understanding of the cultural, social, and economic factors that influence health outcomes in the community. It also requires a commitment to involving community members in the planning and delivery of healthcare services, and to being accountable to the community for the quality and effectiveness of those services. Overall, CIR is an essential component of healthcare delivery in today's complex and diverse healthcare landscape, and is critical for ensuring that healthcare institutions are able to provide high-quality, culturally competent care that meets the needs of the communities they serve.

Consumer satisfaction in the medical field refers to the level of satisfaction that patients feel with the healthcare services they receive. It encompasses a range of factors, including the quality of care, the accessibility of services, the friendliness and professionalism of healthcare providers, the comfort and cleanliness of the healthcare facility, and the overall experience of the patient. Consumer satisfaction is an important metric for healthcare providers and organizations, as it can impact patient loyalty, patient retention, and patient referrals. It can also influence the reputation of the healthcare provider and the organization, as well as their ability to attract new patients. To measure consumer satisfaction in the medical field, healthcare providers and organizations often use surveys and other forms of feedback to gather information from patients about their experiences. This information can then be used to identify areas for improvement and to make changes that can enhance the overall quality of care and the patient experience.

Demography is the study of human populations, including their size, growth, structure, distribution, and changes over time. In the medical field, demography is used to understand the health and healthcare needs of different populations, including age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Demographic data can be used to identify trends and patterns in health outcomes, such as disease incidence and mortality rates, and to inform public health policies and interventions. For example, demographers may analyze data on the aging population to identify the healthcare needs of older adults, or they may study the distribution of certain diseases in different racial and ethnic groups to inform targeted prevention and treatment efforts.

In the medical field, "wounds and injuries" refer to any type of damage or harm that is inflicted on the body, typically as a result of an external force or trauma. This can include cuts, scrapes, bruises, burns, fractures, and other types of physical trauma. Wounds can be classified based on their depth and severity. Superficial wounds only penetrate the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and are typically easy to treat. Deeper wounds, such as lacerations or punctures, can penetrate the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and may require more extensive medical attention. Injuries can also be classified based on their cause. For example, a fall may result in both a wound (such as a cut or bruise) and an injury (such as a broken bone or concussion). Injuries can be further classified based on their location, severity, and potential long-term effects. The treatment of wounds and injuries typically involves cleaning and dressing the affected area, administering pain medication if necessary, and monitoring for signs of infection or other complications. In some cases, more extensive medical treatment may be required, such as surgery or physical therapy.

Combat disorders are mental health conditions that can develop in individuals who have experienced combat or other traumatic events. These conditions can include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders. Symptoms of combat disorders can include flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of triggers, hypervigilance, and difficulty sleeping or concentrating. Treatment for combat disorders typically involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support from loved ones and a healthcare provider.

The Cost of Illness (COI) is a measure of the economic burden of a disease or health condition on individuals, families, and society as a whole. It includes the direct and indirect costs associated with the disease, such as medical expenses, lost productivity, and disability. Direct costs of illness refer to the expenses incurred by healthcare providers, such as hospitalization, medication, and medical equipment. Indirect costs, on the other hand, refer to the expenses incurred by individuals and families, such as lost wages, reduced productivity, and decreased quality of life. COI is an important tool for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers to understand the economic impact of diseases and to allocate resources effectively. By estimating the COI of a disease, policymakers can prioritize interventions that are most likely to reduce the economic burden of the disease and improve public health outcomes.

In the medical field, "Accidents, Occupational" refers to injuries or illnesses that occur as a result of work-related activities or exposure to hazards in the workplace. These accidents can be caused by a variety of factors, including exposure to hazardous chemicals, physical trauma from machinery or equipment, slips and falls, and repetitive motion injuries. Occupational accidents can range from minor injuries such as cuts and bruises to more serious injuries such as broken bones, spinal cord injuries, and traumatic brain injuries. In some cases, occupational accidents can also lead to long-term health problems or disabilities. Occupational accidents can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, as well as on their ability to work and earn a living. As a result, it is important for employers to take steps to prevent occupational accidents and provide appropriate training and protective equipment to their employees.

In the medical field, cost control refers to the process of managing and reducing the expenses associated with healthcare services and treatments. This involves identifying areas where costs can be reduced without compromising the quality of care provided to patients. Cost control in healthcare can be achieved through various strategies, such as implementing evidence-based practices, reducing waste and inefficiencies, negotiating with suppliers and vendors, and optimizing resource utilization. For example, healthcare providers may use electronic health records (EHRs) to streamline administrative tasks and reduce paperwork, or they may use telemedicine to provide remote consultations and reduce the need for in-person visits. Effective cost control in healthcare is important for ensuring that patients receive affordable and accessible care, while also ensuring that healthcare providers can operate sustainably and remain financially viable.

Communicable Disease Control (CDC) refers to the measures taken to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases from person to person or from animals to humans. It involves identifying, monitoring, and managing diseases that can be transmitted through various modes of transmission such as respiratory droplets, direct contact, fecal-oral route, vector-borne transmission, and sexual contact. The main goal of CDC is to reduce the incidence and impact of communicable diseases on public health by implementing strategies such as vaccination, hygiene practices, quarantine, isolation, and contact tracing. CDC also involves educating the public about the risks of communicable diseases and how to prevent their spread. In the medical field, CDC is an essential component of public health practice, and it plays a critical role in controlling outbreaks of infectious diseases and protecting the health of the population.

In the medical field, communication refers to the process of exchanging information between healthcare providers and patients, as well as among healthcare providers themselves. Effective communication is essential for providing high-quality healthcare and ensuring that patients receive the best possible care. Medical communication involves not only verbal communication but also nonverbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions. It also includes written communication, such as medical records and discharge summaries. Effective medical communication involves active listening, clear and concise speaking, and the ability to ask questions and provide feedback. It also involves the use of appropriate medical terminology and the ability to explain complex medical concepts in a way that is easily understood by patients. In addition to patient-provider communication, medical communication also includes communication among healthcare providers, such as between physicians, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team. Effective communication among healthcare providers is essential for ensuring that patients receive coordinated and consistent care.

In the medical field, "African Americans" refers to individuals who are of African descent and live in the United States. This term is often used to describe the unique health challenges and disparities that this population faces, such as higher rates of certain diseases, lower access to healthcare, and poorer health outcomes compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Medical professionals may use this term to identify and address these disparities, and to develop targeted interventions and treatments to improve the health of African Americans.

In the medical field, "community networks" typically refer to networks of healthcare providers, organizations, and individuals who work together to improve the health and well-being of a specific community. These networks may include hospitals, clinics, community health centers, public health agencies, non-profit organizations, and other stakeholders who share a common goal of promoting health equity and improving access to care. Community networks may also involve partnerships between healthcare providers and community organizations, such as schools, faith-based groups, and community-based organizations, to address social determinants of health and provide comprehensive care to patients. These networks may also leverage technology and data to improve care coordination, patient engagement, and population health management. Overall, community networks play a critical role in promoting health equity and improving health outcomes for vulnerable populations by bringing together diverse stakeholders and leveraging their collective expertise and resources to address the unique needs of their communities.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, military combat, sexual assault, or physical violence. PTSD is characterized by a cluster of symptoms that can include intrusive thoughts or memories of the traumatic event, avoidance of reminders of the event, negative changes in mood or cognition, and increased arousal or reactivity. These symptoms can significantly impair a person's daily functioning and quality of life. PTSD is typically diagnosed by a mental health professional using a standardized set of criteria, and treatment may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infections refer to the presence of the HIV virus in the body. HIV is a retrovirus that attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases. HIV is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. The most common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles or syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. HIV infections can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of the virus or antibodies produced in response to the virus. Once diagnosed, HIV can be managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which helps to suppress the virus and prevent the progression of the disease to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). It is important to note that HIV is not the same as AIDS. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, but not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS. With proper treatment and management, individuals with HIV can live long and healthy lives.

Animal technicians, also known as veterinary technicians or animal care technicians, are professionals who work in the medical field to provide care and support to animals. They work under the supervision of veterinarians and assist with a wide range of tasks, including administering medications, performing laboratory tests, conducting physical exams, and providing general care for animals. Animal technicians typically have a specialized education and training in animal care and veterinary medicine. They may have completed a two-year associate degree program in veterinary technology or a four-year bachelor's degree program in animal science or a related field. In addition to their education, animal technicians must also be licensed or certified in their state or province. Animal technicians work in a variety of settings, including animal hospitals, research laboratories, zoos, and aquariums. They may work with a wide range of animals, including dogs, cats, birds, reptiles, and exotic animals. Their duties may also include providing emotional support to animal owners and educating the public about animal care and welfare.

In the medical field, age distribution refers to the distribution of individuals within a population based on their age. It is a statistical measure that provides information about the age structure of a population, including the number and proportion of people in different age groups. Age distribution is important in medical research and public health because it can help identify patterns and trends in health outcomes, disease incidence, and mortality rates across different age groups. For example, age distribution can be used to identify which age groups are most at risk for certain diseases or conditions, and to develop targeted interventions to improve health outcomes in those groups. Age distribution can be measured in various ways, including by age range (e.g., 0-14 years, 15-24 years, etc.), by age group (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, seniors), or by age quintile (e.g., the first quintile includes the youngest 20% of the population, the second quintile includes the next 20%, etc.).

In the medical field, culture refers to the collection of microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) that grow on a specific culture medium. The culture medium provides the nutrients and conditions necessary for the microorganisms to thrive and multiply. The process of growing a culture involves taking a sample of a patient's body fluid, tissue, or other bodily substance and placing it on a culture medium. The culture medium is then incubated in a controlled environment to allow the microorganisms to grow and multiply. The resulting colonies of microorganisms can be identified and analyzed to determine the type and number of microorganisms present. Cultures are an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. They can help identify the specific microorganisms causing an infection, which can guide the selection of appropriate antibiotics or other treatments. Cultures can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and detect the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms.

Ambulatory care refers to medical care that is provided to patients who do not require hospitalization. This type of care is typically provided in outpatient clinics, physician offices, urgent care centers, and other settings where patients can receive treatment and be discharged the same day. Ambulatory care can include a wide range of medical services, such as routine check-ups, diagnostic testing, vaccinations, wound care, physical therapy, and chronic disease management. It can also include procedures that do not require hospitalization, such as colonoscopies, endoscopies, and minor surgeries. The goal of ambulatory care is to provide high-quality medical care to patients in a convenient and efficient manner, while minimizing the need for hospitalization and reducing healthcare costs. It is an important component of the healthcare system, as it allows patients to receive medical care when they need it, without having to spend extended periods of time in a hospital setting.

Decision making in the medical field refers to the process of making choices and determining the best course of action for a patient's health and well-being. This process involves considering various factors such as the patient's medical history, current condition, personal preferences, and available treatment options. Medical decision making can be complex and involve multiple stakeholders, including healthcare providers, patients, and their families. It often requires a thorough understanding of medical knowledge, as well as the ability to communicate effectively with patients and their families. In the medical field, decision making can involve a range of decisions, from routine clinical decisions such as selecting the appropriate medication or treatment plan, to more complex decisions such as determining the best course of action for a patient with a life-threatening illness or injury. Ultimately, the goal of medical decision making is to provide the best possible care for the patient, while also respecting their autonomy and ensuring that their values and preferences are taken into account.

In the medical field, "China" typically refers to the People's Republic of China, which is a country located in East Asia. China has a large and diverse population, and its healthcare system is one of the largest in the world. The country has made significant progress in improving access to healthcare and reducing mortality rates in recent years. In terms of medical research and development, China has become an important player in the global biomedical community. The country has a growing number of research institutions and has made significant investments in medical research and development. China is also home to a large and diverse population, which provides a rich source of data for medical research. Overall, "China" in the medical field typically refers to the country's healthcare system, medical research and development, and its role in the global biomedical community.

Persian Gulf Syndrome, also known as Gulf War Syndrome, is a term used to describe a group of symptoms that were reported by military personnel who served in the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991. The symptoms include fatigue, muscle and joint pain, memory problems, headaches, and respiratory problems. Some individuals also reported experiencing skin rashes, gastrointestinal problems, and depression. The exact cause of Persian Gulf Syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to exposure to a combination of environmental factors, including pesticides, nerve agents, and other chemicals, as well as stress and lack of sleep. Some researchers have also suggested that the syndrome may be related to the use of vaccines and medications given to military personnel before and during the war. Despite extensive research, there is still no definitive diagnosis or treatment for Persian Gulf Syndrome. However, many of the symptoms can be managed with medications and other therapies.

Capacity building in the medical field refers to the process of strengthening the skills, knowledge, and resources of healthcare providers, institutions, and systems to improve their ability to deliver high-quality, safe, and effective healthcare services. This can include training and education programs, the development of policies and procedures, the provision of equipment and supplies, and the establishment of partnerships and collaborations with other organizations. Capacity building in the medical field is important because it helps to ensure that healthcare providers have the necessary skills and resources to provide the best possible care to their patients. It can also help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare systems, reduce the risk of medical errors, and enhance the overall quality of care. Capacity building in the medical field can be applied at various levels, including individual healthcare providers, healthcare institutions, and healthcare systems. It can also be targeted at specific areas of healthcare, such as infectious diseases, maternal and child health, or non-communicable diseases.

I'm sorry, but I'm not aware of any specific definition of "Civil Defense" in the medical field. Civil defense typically refers to a set of measures taken by a government or community to protect its citizens from the effects of war, terrorism, or natural disasters. These measures may include things like air raid shelters, emergency response plans, and public education campaigns. In the medical field, the term "civil defense" is not commonly used. Instead, medical professionals focus on providing care and treatment to individuals who have been affected by disasters or emergencies. This may involve things like triage and emergency medical treatment, as well as longer-term care and rehabilitation.

Ambulatory care facilities are healthcare facilities that provide medical and surgical services on an outpatient basis. These facilities are designed to provide care to patients who do not require hospitalization, but who need medical attention for a variety of reasons, such as routine check-ups, minor procedures, and treatment for acute or chronic conditions. Ambulatory care facilities can include a wide range of healthcare settings, such as clinics, urgent care centers, ambulatory surgery centers, and diagnostic imaging centers. These facilities typically offer a range of services, including primary care, specialist care, diagnostic testing, and treatment for a variety of medical conditions. Ambulatory care facilities are an important part of the healthcare system, as they provide patients with convenient and accessible medical care that does not require hospitalization. They also help to reduce the burden on hospitals and emergency departments, which can become overwhelmed with patients who do not require hospitalization.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) refer to the basic tasks that individuals perform on a daily basis to maintain their independence and quality of life. These tasks are essential for daily functioning and include: 1. Bathing and grooming 2. Dressing oneself 3. Eating and drinking 4. Toileting 5. Transferring (e.g., getting in and out of bed, chairs, or vehicles) 6. Walking and ambulating 7. Personal hygiene (e.g., brushing teeth, washing hair) ADLs are often used as a measure of an individual's functional status and independence. In the medical field, ADLs are commonly used to assess the severity of a patient's illness or injury, to determine the level of care needed, and to track progress over time.

In the medical field, counseling refers to the provision of emotional support, guidance, and advice to individuals who are dealing with various mental health issues, physical health problems, or life challenges. Counseling can take many forms, including individual therapy, group therapy, couples therapy, family therapy, and more. It can be provided by a variety of healthcare professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and licensed counselors. The goal of counseling is to help individuals develop coping strategies, improve their mental and emotional well-being, and make positive changes in their lives. This may involve exploring underlying issues, setting goals, and developing a plan of action to achieve those goals. Counseling can be beneficial for individuals dealing with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, stress, relationship problems, addiction, trauma, and more. It can also be helpful for individuals who are seeking to make positive changes in their lives, such as quitting smoking, losing weight, or improving their overall health and well-being.

Respiratory tract diseases refer to any medical conditions that affect the organs and structures involved in breathing, including the nose, throat, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm. These diseases can range from mild to severe and can affect individuals of all ages and genders. Some common respiratory tract diseases include: 1. Asthma: a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a group of lung diseases that include chronic bronchitis and emphysema, characterized by difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. 3. Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. 4. Tuberculosis: a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. 5. Influenza: a viral infection that affects the respiratory system and can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, and body aches. 6. Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or irritants. 7. Sinusitis: inflammation of the sinuses that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or allergies. 8. Emphysema: a chronic lung disease that causes damage to the air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. These diseases can be treated with medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) are healthcare facilities that provide comprehensive mental health services to individuals and families in their local communities. These centers are designed to provide a range of services, including counseling, therapy, medication management, and support groups, to individuals with mental health conditions. CMHCs are typically staffed by a team of mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and counselors, who work together to provide a range of services to meet the needs of their patients. These centers may also offer services such as case management, vocational rehabilitation, and crisis intervention. CMHCs are often funded by the government and are designed to be accessible to individuals from all socioeconomic backgrounds. They may be located in a variety of settings, including standalone buildings, hospitals, and community centers. The goal of CMHCs is to provide high-quality, affordable mental health care to individuals and families in their local communities, and to promote overall mental health and wellness.

Biomedical research is a field of study that involves the use of scientific methods to investigate the biological and medical aspects of health and disease. It encompasses a wide range of research areas, including genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, immunology, neuroscience, and many others. The goal of biomedical research is to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of health and disease, and to develop new treatments, therapies, and diagnostic tools. This research is typically conducted in academic and research institutions, as well as in pharmaceutical and biotech companies. Biomedical research can be basic or applied. Basic research aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental processes that govern health and disease, while applied research focuses on developing practical applications of this knowledge, such as new drugs, medical devices, or diagnostic tests. Overall, biomedical research plays a critical role in advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes.

In the medical field, communicable diseases are infections that can be transmitted from one person to another through various means such as direct contact, respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and can affect people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. Examples of communicable diseases include influenza, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, hepatitis B and C, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and foodborne illnesses. These diseases can spread rapidly in crowded or poorly ventilated environments, and can cause serious health complications if left untreated. Preventing the spread of communicable diseases involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and getting vaccinated when possible. Healthcare professionals also play a crucial role in identifying and treating communicable diseases, as well as implementing public health measures to control their spread.

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, which increases the risk of various health problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, where BMI is calculated as a person's weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared. Obesity is a complex condition that results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. It can lead to a range of health problems, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, certain types of cancer, and respiratory problems. In the medical field, obesity is often treated through a combination of lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and medical interventions, such as medications or bariatric surgery. The goal of treatment is to help individuals achieve and maintain a healthy weight, reduce their risk of health problems, and improve their overall quality of life.

In the medical field, "Adaptation, Psychological" refers to the process by which individuals adjust to and cope with stressors, trauma, and other challenging life events. This can involve a range of psychological mechanisms, such as cognitive restructuring, emotional regulation, and social support seeking. Psychological adaptation can be influenced by a variety of factors, including an individual's personality traits, coping skills, social support network, and access to resources. It is an important aspect of mental health and well-being, as individuals who are able to effectively adapt to stressors are more likely to experience positive outcomes and maintain good mental health over time. Psychological adaptation can also be studied in the context of specific populations, such as refugees, military personnel, and individuals with chronic illnesses, to better understand the unique challenges they face and develop effective interventions to support their adaptation.

In the medical field, "Databases, Factual" refers to electronic databases that contain factual information about medical topics, such as diseases, treatments, medications, and medical procedures. These databases are typically created and maintained by medical organizations, such as the National Library of Medicine (NLM) or the World Health Organization (WHO), and are used by healthcare professionals, researchers, and the general public to access and retrieve information about medical topics. Factual databases in the medical field may include information such as: * Descriptions of diseases and conditions, including symptoms, causes, and treatments * Information about medications, including dosage, side effects, and interactions with other drugs * Data on medical procedures, including risks, benefits, and outcomes * Research studies and clinical trials related to medical topics * Guidelines and recommendations from medical organizations and professional associations Factual databases in the medical field are often searchable and may include features such as filtering, sorting, and the ability to save and share search results. They are an important resource for healthcare professionals and researchers, as they provide access to a large and up-to-date collection of information on medical topics.

In the medical field, "commerce" typically refers to the business or commercial aspects of healthcare, such as the sale and distribution of medical products and services, the management of healthcare facilities and organizations, and the financial aspects of healthcare delivery. For example, a medical device manufacturer may engage in commerce by producing and selling medical devices to healthcare providers, while a hospital may engage in commerce by managing its budget, billing patients for services, and negotiating contracts with insurance companies. Commerce in the medical field can also include the development and marketing of new medical technologies and treatments, as well as the regulation and oversight of healthcare industries and markets.

Dental care refers to the maintenance and treatment of the teeth and gums to promote oral health and prevent or treat dental problems. It includes regular check-ups, cleaning, and fluoride treatments to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. Dental care also involves the diagnosis and treatment of oral health problems such as cavities, gum disease, toothaches, and oral infections. In some cases, dental care may also involve the placement of dental implants, bridges, crowns, or dentures to restore or replace missing teeth. Overall, dental care is an essential part of maintaining good overall health and well-being.

In the medical field, a confidence interval is a range of values that is likely to contain a population parameter with a certain level of confidence. A population parameter is a characteristic of a population, such as the mean or proportion of a particular trait in a group of people. For example, a researcher might want to estimate the mean blood pressure of a population of adults. To do this, they might collect a sample of blood pressure measurements from a random group of adults and calculate the mean blood pressure of the sample. They could then use statistical methods to calculate a confidence interval for the mean blood pressure of the population. A 95% confidence interval means that there is a 95% chance that the true mean blood pressure of the population falls within the range of values given by the confidence interval. This is useful because it allows researchers to make statements about the population parameter with a certain level of certainty, even though they are only working with a sample of data. Confidence intervals are commonly used in medical research to estimate the effectiveness of treatments, to compare the results of different treatments, and to assess the accuracy of diagnostic tests. They are also used in other fields, such as economics and social sciences, to make inferences about population parameters.

In the medical field, a curriculum refers to a comprehensive plan or program of study that outlines the knowledge, skills, and experiences that medical students are expected to acquire during their education. The curriculum typically includes a combination of classroom instruction, laboratory work, clinical rotations, and other learning activities designed to prepare students for their future careers as healthcare professionals. The curriculum for medical students typically covers a wide range of topics, including anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, pathology, microbiology, medical ethics, and clinical skills. Medical schools may also offer electives or specialized tracks that allow students to focus on specific areas of interest, such as pediatrics, surgery, or public health. The curriculum is typically developed and maintained by a team of educators, administrators, and healthcare professionals, and is subject to ongoing review and revision to ensure that it remains current and relevant to the evolving needs of the medical field.

In the medical field, neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors of cells that can occur in any part of the body. These growths can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are usually slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They can cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, or difficulty moving the affected area. Examples of benign neoplasms include lipomas (fatty tumors), hemangiomas (vascular tumors), and fibromas (fibrous tumors). Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. They can cause a wide range of symptoms, depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Examples of malignant neoplasms include carcinomas (cancers that start in epithelial cells), sarcomas (cancers that start in connective tissue), and leukemias (cancers that start in blood cells). The diagnosis of neoplasms typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy (the removal of a small sample of tissue for examination under a microscope). Treatment options for neoplasms depend on the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

In the medical field, a budget is a financial plan that outlines the projected income and expenses for a specific period of time, such as a year or a quarter. Medical budgets are used to manage the financial resources of healthcare organizations, including hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities. Medical budgets typically include expenses related to personnel, supplies, equipment, rent or lease payments, utilities, and other operational costs. They may also include revenue projections, such as patient charges, insurance reimbursements, and other sources of income. Effective budgeting in the medical field is critical for ensuring that healthcare organizations are able to provide high-quality care while remaining financially sustainable. By carefully tracking and managing their finances, healthcare organizations can make informed decisions about how to allocate resources, invest in new technologies and equipment, and respond to changes in the healthcare landscape.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to either a lack of insulin production by the pancreas or the body's inability to effectively use insulin. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little or no insulin production, and the body is unable to regulate blood sugar levels properly. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence, but can occur at any age. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and is characterized by insulin resistance, which means that the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. This leads to high blood sugar levels, and the pancreas may eventually become unable to produce enough insulin to keep up with the body's needs. Type 2 diabetes is often associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of the disease. Other forms of diabetes include gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy, and secondary diabetes, which is caused by other medical conditions such as kidney disease or certain medications.

Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) is a research approach that involves collaboration between researchers and community members to identify and address health-related issues in a community. The goal of CBPR is to empower community members to take an active role in the research process and to ensure that research findings are relevant and useful to the community. In the medical field, CBPR is often used to study health disparities and to develop interventions to improve health outcomes in underserved populations. CBPR involves a partnership between researchers and community members, including community leaders, health care providers, and other stakeholders. The research process is designed to be inclusive and participatory, with community members involved in all aspects of the research, from identifying research questions and developing study protocols to interpreting and disseminating research findings. CBPR is based on the principles of respect for community values and priorities, cultural sensitivity, and collaboration. It recognizes that communities have unique knowledge and perspectives that can inform research and that research findings should be used to address the specific needs and concerns of the community. By involving community members in the research process, CBPR aims to build trust and strengthen relationships between researchers and the communities they serve.

Substance-related disorders are a group of mental health conditions that are caused by the use of drugs or alcohol. These disorders can range from mild to severe and can have a significant impact on a person's life. Substance-related disorders are diagnosed when a person's use of drugs or alcohol causes problems in their daily life, such as problems at work or school, problems with relationships, or legal problems. Substance-related disorders can also lead to physical health problems, such as liver damage or heart disease. Treatment for substance-related disorders typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy and medication.

Comorbidity refers to the presence of two or more medical conditions in the same individual at the same time. These conditions can be related or unrelated to each other, and they can affect the severity and treatment of each other. Comorbidity is common in many medical conditions, and it can complicate the diagnosis and management of the underlying condition. For example, a patient with diabetes may also have high blood pressure, which is a common comorbidity. The presence of comorbidity can affect the patient's prognosis, treatment options, and overall quality of life.

In the medical field, "Continental Population Groups" refers to large groups of people who share common genetic and cultural characteristics based on their geographic origin. These groups are typically defined by continental regions such as Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America, and Australia. Continental Population Groups are important in medical research because they can help identify genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the development of certain diseases and health conditions. By studying these groups, researchers can gain insights into the underlying causes of these conditions and develop more effective treatments and prevention strategies. For example, studies of continental population groups have helped identify genetic variations that increase the risk of certain diseases, such as breast cancer and type 2 diabetes. These findings have led to the development of more targeted screening and treatment options for individuals in these groups. Overall, the study of Continental Population Groups is an important aspect of medical research that can help improve our understanding of human health and disease.

In the medical field, caregivers are individuals who provide assistance and support to patients who are unable to care for themselves due to illness, injury, or disability. Caregivers may be family members, friends, or professional caregivers such as nurses, home health aides, or personal care assistants. Caregivers may provide a wide range of services, including assistance with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, and eating, as well as administering medications, monitoring vital signs, and providing emotional support. They may also help with transportation to medical appointments, managing medical records, and coordinating care with other healthcare providers. Caregivers play a critical role in the healthcare system, as they often provide the necessary support for patients to receive high-quality care and maintain their independence. However, caregiving can also be physically and emotionally demanding, and caregivers may benefit from support and resources to help them manage the challenges of their role.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. They are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for more than 17 million deaths each year. CVDs include conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular heart disease, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and stroke. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of CVDs. Treatment for CVDs may include lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery.

Consumer advocacy in the medical field refers to the act of promoting and protecting the rights and interests of patients as consumers of healthcare services. This includes advocating for access to high-quality, affordable healthcare, as well as ensuring that patients are informed and empowered to make informed decisions about their healthcare. Consumer advocates in the medical field may work on a variety of issues, including advocating for patient-centered care, promoting patient education and engagement, and advocating for policies and regulations that protect patient rights and improve the quality of healthcare. They may also work to address issues such as healthcare disparities, healthcare fraud and abuse, and the overuse of medical procedures. Overall, the goal of consumer advocacy in the medical field is to ensure that patients are able to receive the best possible care and that their rights and interests are protected throughout the healthcare process.

Influenza, Human, also known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It can cause mild to severe illness, and in some cases, can lead to death. The virus is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes. Symptoms of the flu can include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. In severe cases, the flu can lead to pneumonia, which can be life-threatening. The flu is preventable through vaccination, and antiviral medications can be used to treat the illness.

In the medical field, "alcohol drinking" refers to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, and spirits. The term is often used to describe the frequency, amount, and duration of alcohol consumption, as well as any potential negative health effects that may result from it. Alcohol drinking is a common social activity and is legal in many countries, but excessive or binge drinking can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, high blood pressure, heart disease, certain types of cancer, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. In medical settings, alcohol drinking is often assessed as part of a patient's medical history and can be used to inform treatment decisions and recommendations for lifestyle changes.

Continuity of patient care refers to the ongoing and consistent relationship between a patient and their healthcare provider(s). It involves the provision of care that is seamless, uninterrupted, and personalized to the patient's needs and preferences. Continuity of care is important because it helps to ensure that patients receive the appropriate and timely medical attention they need, and that their healthcare providers have a comprehensive understanding of their medical history and current health status. This can help to improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance patient satisfaction. Continuity of care can be achieved through various means, such as having a primary care physician who coordinates care across different specialties, using electronic health records to facilitate communication and information sharing, and providing patients with access to their medical records and test results.

Biomedical technology refers to the application of engineering and scientific principles to the development, design, and manufacture of medical devices, equipment, and systems. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, including imaging technologies, diagnostic tools, prosthetics, and medical robotics, among others. The goal of biomedical technology is to improve patient care, enhance medical procedures, and increase the efficiency of healthcare delivery. Biomedical technology also plays a critical role in advancing medical research and development, enabling scientists and researchers to better understand the human body and develop new treatments and therapies. Overall, biomedical technology has revolutionized the medical field, providing healthcare professionals with powerful tools and technologies that have improved patient outcomes and saved countless lives.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on a person's weight and height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. The resulting number is then compared to a standard chart to determine if a person is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. BMI is commonly used in the medical field as a screening tool to assess a person's risk for health problems associated with obesity, such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. However, it is important to note that BMI is not always an accurate measure of body fat, as it does not take into account factors such as muscle mass or body composition.

An Academic Medical Center (AMC) is a type of medical institution that combines the functions of a hospital, research center, and medical school. The primary goal of an AMC is to provide high-quality patient care, conduct cutting-edge medical research, and train the next generation of healthcare professionals. AMCs typically have a large number of beds and a wide range of medical specialties, including surgery, medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, and neuroscience. They often have affiliations with universities and medical schools, which allow them to attract top faculty and train medical students, residents, and fellows. In addition to providing patient care and conducting research, AMCs also play a critical role in advancing medical knowledge and improving healthcare outcomes. They often collaborate with other healthcare institutions and organizations to share knowledge and resources, and they may also participate in clinical trials and other research initiatives. Overall, AMCs are important centers of medical innovation and excellence, and they play a vital role in advancing the field of medicine and improving the health and well-being of patients around the world.

In the medical field, the chi-square distribution is a statistical tool used to analyze the relationship between two categorical variables. It is often used in medical research to determine whether there is a significant association between two variables, such as the presence of a disease and a particular risk factor. The chi-square distribution is a probability distribution that describes the sum of the squared differences between the observed and expected frequencies of a categorical variable. It is commonly used in hypothesis testing to determine whether the observed frequencies of a categorical variable differ significantly from the expected frequencies. In medical research, the chi-square test is often used to analyze the relationship between two categorical variables, such as the presence of a disease and a particular risk factor. For example, a researcher may want to determine whether there is a significant association between smoking and lung cancer. To do this, the researcher would collect data on the smoking habits of a group of people and their incidence of lung cancer. The chi-square test would then be used to determine whether the observed frequencies of lung cancer among smokers differ significantly from the expected frequencies based on the overall incidence of lung cancer in the population. Overall, the chi-square distribution is a valuable tool in medical research for analyzing the relationship between categorical variables and determining whether observed frequencies differ significantly from expected frequencies.

In the medical field, "Air Pollutants, Occupational" refers to harmful substances that are present in the air at workplaces and can cause adverse health effects on workers. These pollutants can be inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested, and can include a wide range of chemicals, dusts, fumes, and gases. Examples of occupational air pollutants include asbestos, silica, lead, benzene, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter. Exposure to these pollutants can cause a variety of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and heart disease. Occupational air pollution is a significant public health concern, as millions of workers worldwide are exposed to these pollutants on a daily basis. To protect workers' health, employers are required to comply with safety regulations and provide appropriate protective equipment and training.

In the medical field, Computer Communication Networks (CCNs) refer to the interconnected system of computers, devices, and networks that allow for the exchange of information and data between healthcare providers, patients, and other stakeholders. CCNs in healthcare can include local area networks (LANs) within a single healthcare facility, wide area networks (WANs) that connect multiple facilities, and the internet. These networks enable the sharing of patient data, medical images, and other critical information between healthcare providers, allowing for more efficient and effective care. CCNs also support telemedicine, which allows healthcare providers to remotely diagnose and treat patients using video conferencing and other communication technologies. This can be particularly useful in rural or remote areas where access to healthcare may be limited. Overall, CCNs play a critical role in modern healthcare, enabling healthcare providers to access and share critical information and data in real-time, improving patient outcomes and reducing costs.

Aerospace medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with the medical aspects of air and space travel. It involves the study of the physiological and psychological effects of flying and spaceflight on humans, as well as the development of medical equipment and procedures to prevent and treat medical problems that can occur during these activities. Aerospace medicine is concerned with a wide range of issues, including the effects of high altitude on the human body, the risks of decompression sickness, the effects of microgravity on the human body, and the psychological and emotional challenges of long-duration spaceflight. It also involves the development of medical equipment and procedures for use in space, such as life support systems, emergency medical kits, and medical monitoring systems. Aerospace medicine is an interdisciplinary field that draws on expertise from a variety of medical specialties, including aviation medicine, space medicine, and environmental medicine. It is an important field for ensuring the safety and health of astronauts and other individuals who travel in space or at high altitude.

Bosnia-Herzegovina is a country located in Southeast Europe. It is not directly related to the medical field, but it is important to note that the country has faced significant health challenges in the past, including the impact of the Bosnian War on public health infrastructure and the ongoing burden of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and hepatitis C. Additionally, Bosnia-Herzegovina has a relatively low healthcare expenditure per capita compared to other European countries, which may impact access to healthcare services and the quality of care available to its population.

Computer security in the medical field refers to the measures taken to protect electronic health records (EHRs) and other sensitive medical information from unauthorized access, theft, or damage. It involves the use of various technologies, policies, and procedures to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of medical data. Some of the key components of computer security in the medical field include: 1. Access control: This involves limiting access to medical data to authorized personnel only, and ensuring that each user has the appropriate level of access to the information they need to perform their job. 2. Encryption: This involves converting sensitive medical data into a code that can only be deciphered by authorized users with the proper decryption key. 3. Firewalls: These are security systems that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic, preventing unauthorized access to medical data. 4. Antivirus and anti-malware software: These tools help protect against viruses, malware, and other types of malicious software that can compromise the security of medical data. 5. Regular backups: This involves creating regular backups of medical data to ensure that it can be restored in the event of a data breach or other disaster. Overall, computer security in the medical field is critical to protecting the privacy and security of patient information, and to ensuring that medical professionals can access the information they need to provide high-quality care.

In the medical field, "cultural characteristics" refer to the unique traits, beliefs, values, and behaviors that are specific to a particular cultural group. These characteristics can influence an individual's health behaviors, attitudes towards healthcare, and interactions with healthcare providers. Cultural characteristics can include language, religion, family structure, social norms, dietary habits, traditional healing practices, and beliefs about illness and health. Understanding an individual's cultural characteristics is important for healthcare providers to provide culturally competent care that is respectful, effective, and appropriate for the patient's needs and preferences. Cultural competence in healthcare involves being aware of and sensitive to the cultural differences and similarities among patients, families, and communities. It requires healthcare providers to adopt a patient-centered approach that takes into account the patient's cultural background, values, and beliefs, and to tailor their care accordingly. By doing so, healthcare providers can improve patient satisfaction, reduce health disparities, and promote better health outcomes.

I'm sorry, but I'm not aware of any medical term or concept related to "Cuba" in the medical field. Cuba is a country located in the Caribbean, and it is known for its rich culture, history, and political system. If you have any other questions or if there's anything else I can help you with, please let me know.

Dental auxiliaries are individuals who work in the dental field to assist dentists in providing oral healthcare services. They are trained professionals who provide a range of support services to dentists, including patient care, treatment planning, and administrative tasks. Dental auxiliaries include dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental therapists, dental technicians, and dental office managers. Each of these professionals has a specific role and set of responsibilities within the dental practice. Dental hygienists are responsible for providing preventive care services, including teeth cleaning, fluoride treatments, and oral cancer screenings. They also work closely with patients to educate them about oral hygiene and disease prevention. Dental assistants assist dentists during procedures, such as fillings, extractions, and cleanings. They also take x-rays, prepare patients for treatment, and sterilize equipment. Dental therapists are trained to provide a range of dental services, including teeth cleaning, fluoride treatments, and simple restorative procedures. They work in areas where access to dental care is limited, such as rural or remote communities. Dental technicians create dental prosthetics, such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, using molds and impressions taken from patients' teeth. Dental office managers oversee the day-to-day operations of a dental practice, including scheduling appointments, managing finances, and ensuring that the practice is compliant with regulations and standards. Overall, dental auxiliaries play a critical role in providing high-quality dental care to patients and ensuring that dental practices run smoothly and efficiently.

Case-control studies are a type of observational study used in the medical field to investigate the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. In a case-control study, researchers identify individuals who have experienced a particular outcome (cases) and compare their exposure history to a group of individuals who have not experienced the outcome (controls). The main goal of a case-control study is to determine whether the exposure was a risk factor for the outcome. To do this, researchers collect information about the exposure history of both the cases and the controls and compare the two groups to see if there is a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of the exposure between the two groups. Case-control studies are often used when the outcome of interest is rare, and it is difficult or unethical to conduct a prospective cohort study. However, because case-control studies rely on retrospective data collection, they are subject to recall bias, where participants may not accurately remember their exposure history. Additionally, because case-control studies only provide information about the association between an exposure and an outcome, they cannot establish causality.

Cross infection is the transmission of an infectious agent from one person or animal to another through direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects, surfaces, or bodily fluids. It can occur in a variety of settings, including hospitals, schools, homes, and workplaces. Cross infection can be prevented through proper hygiene practices such as hand washing, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and disinfecting surfaces. It is also important to follow proper infection control procedures, such as isolation of infected individuals and proper disposal of contaminated materials. In the medical field, cross infection is a serious concern as it can lead to the spread of nosocomial infections, which are infections acquired in a healthcare setting. These infections can be particularly dangerous for patients with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. Therefore, healthcare workers are trained to follow strict infection control protocols to prevent the spread of cross infection.

In the medical field, the term "aircraft" typically refers to any type of vehicle that is designed to fly through the air, such as airplanes, helicopters, and drones. These vehicles are often used in medical emergencies to transport patients quickly and safely to a medical facility, or to provide medical care and treatment to patients in remote or hard-to-reach areas. In some cases, aircraft may also be used to transport medical supplies and equipment to areas where they are needed.

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is characterized by fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can lead to anemia, respiratory distress, organ failure, and death. Malaria is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. There are four main species of Plasmodium that can cause malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. Malaria is preventable and treatable, but，。

In the medical field, "Animals, Laboratory" refers to the use of animals in scientific research and experimentation. Laboratory animals are typically used to study the effects of drugs, chemicals, and other substances on living organisms, as well as to test new medical treatments and technologies. The use of laboratory animals in medical research is regulated by various laws and guidelines, including the Animal Welfare Act in the United States and the 3Rs principle (replacement, reduction, and refinement) in many countries. These regulations aim to ensure that animals are treated humanely and that the use of animals in research is justified and necessary. Common laboratory animals used in medical research include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and non-human primates. The choice of animal species depends on the specific research question and the desired outcome.

Blast injuries are a type of traumatic injury that occur when a person is exposed to a powerful explosion. These injuries can be caused by a variety of explosive devices, including bombs, grenades, and landmines. Blast injuries can affect any part of the body, but they are most common in the head, neck, and chest. Blast injuries can cause a range of physical and psychological effects, depending on the severity of the injury and the location of the blast. Physical injuries can include fractures, lacerations, and burns, as well as internal injuries such as organ damage and traumatic brain injury. Psychological effects can include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Treatment for blast injuries depends on the specific injuries sustained. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair physical injuries, while psychological treatment may be necessary to address the emotional effects of the injury. In addition, rehabilitation may be necessary to help the person recover and regain function.

In the medical field, "Colorado" typically refers to the state of Colorado in the United States, which is known for its high altitude and diverse geography. The state is home to several major medical centers and research institutions, including the University of Colorado School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital Colorado. In some cases, "Colorado" may also refer to a specific medical condition or disorder that is associated with the state or its residents. For example, the term "Colorado tick fever" refers to a tick-borne illness that is common in the Rocky Mountain region, including Colorado. Similarly, "Colorado blue sky law" is a term used to describe state regulations that require pharmaceutical companies to disclose information about the risks and benefits of their products to patients and healthcare providers.

Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins to harm or kill people, animals, or plants. It is considered a form of terrorism and is illegal under international law. In the medical field, biological warfare is studied as a potential threat to public health and safety. Medical professionals are trained to recognize and respond to biological agents, including developing vaccines and treatments, and implementing infection control measures to prevent the spread of disease. The medical field also plays a role in monitoring and detecting biological agents in the environment, such as through air or water samples, and in identifying and tracking outbreaks of infectious diseases that may be related to biological warfare. Overall, the medical field plays a critical role in preventing and responding to biological warfare, and in protecting public health and safety in the event of an attack.

In the medical field, attitude refers to a person's disposition or inclination towards a particular situation, person, or issue. It encompasses a person's beliefs, values, and emotions towards a particular topic or issue, and can influence their behavior and decision-making. For example, a healthcare provider's attitude towards a particular patient or medical condition can impact their approach to treatment and care. A positive attitude can lead to more effective communication, better patient outcomes, and improved patient satisfaction. On the other hand, a negative attitude can lead to poor patient outcomes, decreased patient satisfaction, and even medical malpractice. In addition, attitude can also refer to a person's overall disposition towards their own health and well-being. A positive attitude towards health and wellness can lead to healthier behaviors and better health outcomes, while a negative attitude can lead to unhealthy behaviors and poor health outcomes. Overall, attitude plays a significant role in the medical field, and healthcare providers are encouraged to cultivate positive attitudes towards their patients, their work, and their own health and well-being.

Burnout, professional, is a psychological syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment in response to chronic work stress. It is a common condition among healthcare professionals, particularly those who work in high-stress environments such as emergency departments, intensive care units, and long-term care facilities. Burnout can lead to decreased job satisfaction, increased absenteeism, and increased risk of medical errors. It can also have negative effects on physical health, including cardiovascular disease and immune system dysfunction. Treatment for burnout may include counseling, stress management techniques, and changes to work environment and responsibilities.

In the medical field, agriculture refers to the practice of cultivating crops and raising livestock for food, fiber, and other products. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including planting, harvesting, and processing crops, as well as breeding and caring for animals. Agricultural practices can have significant impacts on human health, both positive and negative. On the positive side, agriculture provides essential nutrients and calories for human consumption, and can also contribute to the development of new medicines and medical technologies. However, agricultural practices can also have negative impacts on human health, such as the exposure to pesticides and other chemicals, the risk of foodborne illness, and the development of zoonotic diseases (diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans). In the medical field, understanding the relationship between agriculture and human health is important for developing effective strategies to promote healthy diets, prevent foodborne illness, and address the health impacts of agricultural practices. This may involve working with farmers and agricultural organizations to promote sustainable and healthy farming practices, as well as developing new medical technologies and treatments to address the health impacts of agricultural practices.

Musculoskeletal diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues in the body. These diseases can be acute or chronic, and can range from mild to severe. Some common examples of musculoskeletal diseases include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, neck pain, muscle strains, tendonitis, bursitis, and fractures. These conditions can cause pain, stiffness, limited mobility, and other symptoms that can significantly impact a person's quality of life. Treatment for musculoskeletal diseases may include medications, physical therapy, exercise, surgery, and other interventions, depending on the specific condition and its severity. Early detection and treatment are important for managing these conditions and preventing long-term complications.

In the medical field, "Air Pollution, Indoor" refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air within a building or enclosed space, such as homes, offices, schools, and hospitals. These substances can include particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and other pollutants. Indoor air pollution can have a significant impact on human health, particularly for people who spend a lot of time indoors, such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. Exposure to indoor air pollution can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory infections, asthma, allergies, headaches, dizziness, and even cancer. To reduce indoor air pollution, it is important to identify and address the sources of pollution, such as smoking, cooking, cleaning products, and building materials. This can involve using natural ventilation, improving indoor air quality through the use of air purifiers, and implementing building codes and regulations to reduce emissions from building materials and appliances.

In the medical field, cost savings refer to the reduction in expenses or costs associated with providing healthcare services. This can include reducing the cost of medical procedures, medications, and equipment, as well as reducing the length of hospital stays and the number of readmissions. Cost savings can be achieved through a variety of strategies, such as implementing more efficient processes and workflows, using technology to automate tasks, and negotiating lower prices with suppliers and vendors. Additionally, cost savings can be achieved by promoting preventive care and early intervention, which can reduce the need for more expensive treatments later on. Overall, the goal of cost savings in the medical field is to provide high-quality care while minimizing expenses and reducing the financial burden on patients, healthcare providers, and insurance companies.

Anxiety is a common mental health condition characterized by excessive and persistent worry, fear, and unease about everyday situations or events. It can also manifest as physical symptoms such as restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, and difficulty sleeping. In the medical field, anxiety is typically diagnosed and treated by mental health professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists. Treatment options for anxiety may include medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. It is important to note that anxiety can be a symptom of other medical conditions, so it is important to consult a healthcare provider if you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety.

In the medical field, cross-cultural comparison refers to the study of how different cultures perceive, understand, and approach health and illness. This involves comparing and contrasting the beliefs, practices, and attitudes towards health and illness across different cultural groups. Cross-cultural comparison is important in healthcare because it helps healthcare providers to understand the cultural context of their patients and to provide culturally sensitive care. It also helps to identify and address health disparities that may be related to cultural differences. For example, cross-cultural comparison may reveal that certain cultural groups have different beliefs about the causes of illness, different attitudes towards seeking medical care, and different practices for managing health and illness. This information can be used to develop culturally appropriate interventions and treatments that are more likely to be effective for patients from different cultural backgrounds.

In the medical field, Contract Services refer to agreements between healthcare providers and third-party companies or organizations to provide specific services or support. These services can include a wide range of activities such as medical billing, transcription, coding, and consulting services. Contract Services can be beneficial for healthcare providers as they can help to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and allow them to focus on their core clinical responsibilities. For example, a healthcare provider may enter into a contract with a medical billing company to handle the administrative tasks associated with billing and insurance claims, freeing up the provider's time to focus on patient care. Contract Services can also be beneficial for third-party companies or organizations as they can provide a steady stream of revenue and allow them to specialize in specific areas of healthcare. For example, a medical transcription company may specialize in transcribing medical records for healthcare providers, allowing them to provide high-quality services to a large number of clients. Overall, Contract Services play an important role in the medical field by providing healthcare providers with the support they need to operate efficiently and effectively, while also providing third-party companies or organizations with a valuable source of revenue.

In the medical field, a cellular phone is a portable electronic device that allows users to make and receive voice calls, send and receive text messages, and access the internet over a wireless network. Cellular phones are commonly used in healthcare settings for a variety of purposes, including communication between healthcare providers, patient monitoring, and emergency response. For example, healthcare providers may use cellular phones to communicate with other members of their team, share patient information, or coordinate care. In addition, cellular phones can be used to remotely monitor patients with chronic conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease, by transmitting data from wearable devices or other monitoring equipment to healthcare providers. This can help healthcare providers to detect and respond to changes in a patient's condition more quickly and effectively. Overall, cellular phones have become an important tool in the medical field, enabling healthcare providers to communicate more efficiently and effectively, and to provide better care to their patients.

In the medical field, "Boston" typically refers to Boston Scientific Corporation, a global medical technology company that develops and sells a wide range of medical devices and technologies, including cardiovascular devices, endoscopy products, and surgical instruments. Boston Scientific is headquartered in Marlborough, Massachusetts, and is one of the largest medical device companies in the world. The company's products are used in a variety of medical procedures, including those related to cardiology, urology, gastroenterology, and more.

Needlestick injuries are a type of occupational hazard that occurs when a healthcare worker is accidentally stuck by a needle or other sharp object while performing their duties. These injuries can occur when a healthcare worker is handling needles, syringes, scalpels, or other sharp medical instruments, or when they are disposing of used needles or sharps. Needlestick injuries can be serious and can lead to the transmission of bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. These infections can cause serious health problems and even death if left untreated. To prevent needlestick injuries, healthcare workers are trained to use proper technique when handling needles and other sharp instruments, and to follow proper procedures for disposing of used needles and sharps. In addition, some healthcare facilities use safety-engineered devices, such as retractable needles and safety syringes, to further reduce the risk of needlestick injuries.

In the medical field, "aviation" typically refers to the medical care and support provided to individuals involved in aviation activities, such as pilots, air traffic controllers, and passengers. This can include pre-flight medical evaluations, in-flight medical care, and post-flight medical follow-up. Aviation medicine is a specialized field that focuses on the medical aspects of aviation, including the effects of altitude, cabin pressure, and other environmental factors on the human body. It also involves the development of medical protocols and procedures to ensure the safety and well-being of individuals involved in aviation activities. Some of the medical issues that may arise in the aviation context include hypoxia (a lack of oxygen in the body), decompression sickness (a condition caused by a rapid decrease in cabin pressure), and other altitude-related illnesses. Aviation medicine also involves the management of medical emergencies that may occur during flight, such as heart attacks, strokes, and other medical emergencies. Overall, the goal of aviation medicine is to ensure that individuals involved in aviation activities are healthy and able to perform their duties safely and effectively. This involves a combination of medical knowledge, expertise, and specialized equipment and procedures.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections that are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, as well as other forms of sexual activity such as oral sex, anal sex, and vaginal sex. STDs can have a wide range of symptoms, from none at all to mild to severe. Some common symptoms of STDs include painful urination, discharge from the vagina or penis, itching or burning in the genital area, painful sexual intercourse, and the appearance of sores or ulcers on the genitals. STDs can have serious health consequences if left untreated, including infertility, chronic pain, and an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer. In addition, some STDs can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth, which can have serious consequences for the health of the child. Prevention of STDs is important, and can include practicing safe sex by using condoms and getting regular testing for STDs. Treatment for STDs typically involves antibiotics or antiviral medications, and may also include lifestyle changes and other forms of medical care.

In the medical field, cost sharing refers to the way in which the costs of healthcare services are shared between the patient and the healthcare provider. Cost sharing can take many forms, including copayments, coinsurance, and deductibles. A copayment is a fixed amount of money that the patient is required to pay for a specific healthcare service, such as a doctor's visit or a prescription medication. Coinsurance is a percentage of the total cost of a healthcare service that the patient is responsible for paying. For example, if a healthcare service costs $100 and the patient's coinsurance is 20%, the patient would be responsible for paying $20. A deductible is the amount of money that the patient must pay out of pocket before their insurance coverage kicks in. For example, if a patient's deductible is $1,000, they would be responsible for paying the first $1,000 of their healthcare expenses before their insurance begins to cover the costs. Cost sharing is often used as a way to control healthcare costs and encourage patients to be more mindful of their healthcare spending. However, it can also make healthcare more expensive for patients, particularly those with high deductibles or those who require expensive medical treatments.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups. In the medical field, ANOVA can be used to compare the effectiveness of different treatments, interventions, or medications on a particular outcome or variable of interest. For example, a researcher may want to compare the effectiveness of three different medications for treating a particular disease. They could use ANOVA to compare the mean response (e.g., improvement in symptoms) between the three groups of patients who received each medication. If the results show a significant difference between the groups, it would suggest that one medication is more effective than the others. ANOVA can also be used to compare the means of different groups of patients based on a categorical variable, such as age, gender, or race. For example, a researcher may want to compare the mean blood pressure of patients in different age groups. They could use ANOVA to compare the mean blood pressure between the different age groups and determine if there are significant differences. Overall, ANOVA is a powerful statistical tool that can be used to compare the means of different groups in the medical field, helping researchers to identify which treatments or interventions are most effective and to better understand the factors that influence health outcomes.

In the medical field, civil rights refer to the legal and ethical principles that protect individuals from discrimination and ensure equal access to healthcare services. Civil rights in healthcare include the right to receive medical treatment without discrimination based on factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or socioeconomic status. Some examples of civil rights in healthcare include: 1. The right to non-discrimination: Individuals have the right to receive medical treatment without discrimination based on their race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or socioeconomic status. 2. The right to informed consent: Individuals have the right to be fully informed about their medical condition, treatment options, and potential risks and benefits before making decisions about their care. 3. The right to privacy: Individuals have the right to privacy in their medical records and during medical procedures. 4. The right to access healthcare services: Individuals have the right to access healthcare services regardless of their ability to pay. 5. The right to healthcare services in their preferred language: Individuals have the right to receive healthcare services in their preferred language. 6. The right to healthcare services in their preferred gender identity: Individuals have the right to receive healthcare services in their preferred gender identity. 7. The right to healthcare services in their preferred religious beliefs: Individuals have the right to receive healthcare services that align with their preferred religious beliefs. These civil rights are protected by various laws and regulations, including the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

In the medical field, Cambodia refers to a country located in Southeast Asia. It is known for its high rates of infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. The healthcare system in Cambodia is still developing, and access to healthcare services can be limited in rural areas. The country has made progress in improving maternal and child health outcomes, but there are still challenges in providing quality healthcare to its population. Medical professionals working in Cambodia may encounter unique cultural and linguistic barriers, and it is important for them to be aware of these factors when providing care.

In the medical field, "Africa South of the Sahara" typically refers to the region of Africa located south of the Sahara Desert, which is the largest hot desert in the world. This region encompasses a vast and diverse range of countries, cultures, and climates, and is home to a significant portion of the world's population. The medical field in Africa South of the Sahara faces a number of unique challenges, including limited access to healthcare services, high rates of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on improving healthcare in this region, with initiatives aimed at increasing access to healthcare services, improving the quality of care, and addressing the underlying social and economic factors that contribute to poor health outcomes.

In the medical field, the term "cities" typically refers to urban areas or densely populated regions that have a high concentration of people, buildings, and infrastructure. These areas can be characterized by a variety of factors, including high levels of pollution, traffic congestion, and social and economic inequality. In the context of public health, cities are often studied as they can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of their residents. For example, researchers may investigate the relationship between urbanization and the incidence of certain diseases, such as heart disease or respiratory illness, or they may study the impact of urban planning and design on physical activity levels and access to healthy food options. Overall, the term "cities" in the medical field is used to describe the complex and dynamic environments in which many people live and work, and to highlight the importance of considering the social, economic, and environmental factors that can influence health outcomes in urban areas.

Tooth diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the teeth and gums. These diseases can range from mild to severe and can cause pain, discomfort, and other symptoms. Some common tooth diseases include: 1. Dental caries (cavities): This is a bacterial infection that causes tooth decay and can lead to the formation of cavities. 2. Gum disease (periodontal disease): This is an infection of the gums that can cause inflammation, bleeding, and eventually tooth loss. 3. Tooth sensitivity: This is a condition where the teeth become sensitive to hot, cold, sweet, or sour foods and drinks. 4. Tooth erosion: This is the gradual wearing away of tooth enamel due to acid erosion from foods and drinks or acid reflux. 5. Tooth abscess: This is an infection that forms in the pulp of a tooth and can cause severe pain and swelling. 6. Tooth fracture: This is a break or crack in the tooth that can occur due to trauma or decay. 7. Tooth decay: This is the breakdown of tooth enamel and dentin caused by bacteria in the mouth. 8. Tooth discoloration: This is a change in the color of the tooth due to stains, aging, or other factors. 9. Tooth wear: This is the gradual wearing down of tooth enamel and dentin due to normal wear and tear or habits such as grinding or clenching. 10. Tooth loss: This is the complete or partial loss of one or more teeth due to decay, gum disease, injury, or other factors.

In the medical field, "Attitude to Computers" refers to an individual's overall perspective or disposition towards the use of computers in healthcare settings. This attitude can encompass a range of beliefs and feelings, including positive or negative attitudes towards the technology itself, as well as attitudes towards the potential benefits and drawbacks of using computers in healthcare. For example, an individual with a positive attitude towards computers in healthcare may believe that they can improve patient care and outcomes, increase efficiency and productivity, and enhance communication between healthcare providers. On the other hand, an individual with a negative attitude towards computers in healthcare may be skeptical of the technology's reliability, concerned about data privacy and security, or resistant to change. Understanding an individual's attitude towards computers in healthcare can be important for healthcare providers and organizations, as it can influence their willingness to adopt and use new technologies, as well as their ability to effectively integrate computers into their workflows and patient care processes.

Cluster analysis is a statistical method used in the medical field to group patients or medical data based on similarities in their characteristics or outcomes. The goal of cluster analysis is to identify patterns or subgroups within a larger population that may have distinct clinical features, treatment responses, or outcomes. In the medical field, cluster analysis can be used for various purposes, such as: 1. Disease classification: Cluster analysis can be used to classify patients with similar disease characteristics or outcomes into distinct subgroups. This can help healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans to the specific needs of each subgroup. 2. Risk prediction: Cluster analysis can be used to identify subgroups of patients who are at high risk of developing a particular disease or condition. This can help healthcare providers to implement preventive measures or early interventions to reduce the risk of disease. 3. Drug discovery: Cluster analysis can be used to identify subgroups of patients who respond differently to a particular drug. This can help pharmaceutical companies to develop more targeted and effective treatments. 4. Clinical trial design: Cluster analysis can be used to design more efficient clinical trials by identifying subgroups of patients who are likely to respond to a particular treatment. Overall, cluster analysis is a powerful tool in the medical field that can help healthcare providers to better understand and manage patient populations, improve treatment outcomes, and advance medical research.

British Columbia is a province located on the west coast of Canada. In the medical field, British Columbia is known for its high-quality healthcare system, which includes a range of public and private hospitals, clinics, and healthcare providers. The province is also home to several major medical research institutions and universities, which contribute to the development of new medical treatments and technologies. Additionally, British Columbia has a diverse population, which has contributed to the development of a range of culturally sensitive healthcare services and programs.

In the medical field, an emergency is a situation that requires immediate medical attention and intervention to prevent serious harm or death. Emergencies can be caused by a variety of factors, including accidents, trauma, illness, or medical conditions that suddenly worsen. Examples of medical emergencies include heart attacks, strokes, severe allergic reactions, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, and traumatic injuries such as broken bones or severe lacerations. In these situations, medical professionals must act quickly to stabilize the patient and provide life-saving treatment. The response to medical emergencies typically involves a team of healthcare providers, including emergency medical technicians (EMTs), paramedics, and doctors, who work together to assess the patient's condition, provide necessary medical interventions, and transport the patient to a hospital for further treatment if necessary.

In the medical field, communication barriers refer to any obstacles that prevent effective communication between healthcare providers and patients. These barriers can arise due to a variety of factors, including language differences, cultural differences, lack of trust, and differences in communication styles. Some common examples of communication barriers in the medical field include: 1. Language barriers: Patients who do not speak the same language as their healthcare providers may have difficulty understanding medical instructions, treatment options, and test results. 2. Cultural barriers: Patients from different cultural backgrounds may have different beliefs and values about health and illness, which can affect their willingness to follow medical advice or disclose personal information. 3. Lack of trust: Patients may be hesitant to communicate with their healthcare providers if they do not feel that their concerns are being heard or taken seriously. 4. Differences in communication styles: Healthcare providers may have different communication styles than their patients, which can lead to misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Effective communication is critical in the medical field, as it can help to ensure that patients receive the best possible care and that healthcare providers are able to provide high-quality, patient-centered care. To overcome communication barriers, healthcare providers may use a variety of strategies, such as using interpreters, providing patient education materials in multiple languages, and actively listening to patients' concerns and questions.

In the medical field, the term "containment of biohazards" refers to the measures taken to prevent the spread of infectious agents or other hazardous materials that can cause harm to individuals or the environment. Biohazards can include microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, as well as toxins, chemicals, and other hazardous materials that can be produced by living organisms. The goal of biohazard containment is to prevent the release of these agents into the environment and to protect individuals who may come into contact with them. This can be achieved through a variety of measures, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, gowns, and masks, the implementation of strict hygiene protocols, and the use of specialized equipment and facilities designed to contain and manage biohazards. Biohazard containment is particularly important in healthcare settings, where it is essential to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and other hazards among patients, healthcare workers, and the general public. It is also important in research laboratories, where scientists may be working with hazardous materials or infectious agents, and in other settings where biohazards may be present, such as in laboratories, hospitals, and waste management facilities.

Clinical laboratory techniques refer to the methods and procedures used in medical laboratories to analyze and test biological samples, such as blood, urine, and tissue, to diagnose and monitor diseases and medical conditions. These techniques involve the use of specialized equipment, instruments, and reagents to perform various tests, including chemical, biological, and immunological assays. Clinical laboratory techniques are essential in the diagnosis and management of many medical conditions, including infectious diseases, cancer, genetic disorders, and metabolic disorders. They also play a critical role in monitoring the effectiveness of treatments and detecting drug toxicity. Some common clinical laboratory techniques include blood cell counting, blood chemistry analysis, coagulation testing, microbiological culture and identification, and molecular testing, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. These techniques require specialized training and certification to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Career mobility in the medical field refers to the ability of a healthcare professional to move up the career ladder or switch to a different area of specialization within the medical field. This can include transitioning from a lower-level position, such as a medical assistant, to a higher-level position, such as a physician, or switching from one area of medicine, such as pediatrics, to another, such as cardiology. Career mobility in the medical field can be influenced by a variety of factors, including education and training, work experience, networking, and personal and professional goals. For example, a physician who wants to specialize in a particular area of medicine may need to complete additional training and certification programs, while a medical assistant who wants to advance to a higher-level position may need to gain more experience and develop additional skills. Overall, career mobility in the medical field can provide healthcare professionals with opportunities to grow and develop their careers, as well as to pursue their interests and passions within the field.

Anesthesiology is a medical specialty that focuses on the administration of anesthesia and the management of pain during medical procedures, surgeries, and other medical treatments. Anesthesiologists are responsible for ensuring that patients are safely and effectively anesthetized for procedures, monitoring patients during and after anesthesia, and managing any complications that may arise. Anesthesiologists use a variety of techniques and medications to induce anesthesia, including general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, and local anesthesia. They also use advanced monitoring equipment to continuously monitor patients' vital signs and adjust anesthesia as needed to maintain optimal patient safety and comfort. In addition to administering anesthesia, anesthesiologists are also involved in the management of pain, both during and after surgery. They may use a variety of techniques and medications to manage pain, including opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and nerve blocks. Overall, anesthesiology is a critical specialty in modern medicine, as it plays a vital role in ensuring that patients are safely and effectively anesthetized and pain-free during medical procedures and treatments.

Clinical protocols are standardized sets of procedures and guidelines that are used in the medical field to ensure that patients receive consistent, high-quality care. These protocols typically outline the steps that healthcare providers should take to diagnose and treat specific medical conditions, as well as the medications, dosages, and other interventions that should be used. Clinical protocols are designed to help healthcare providers make informed decisions about patient care and to ensure that patients receive the most effective treatments possible. They are often developed by medical experts and organizations, such as professional societies, government agencies, and academic institutions, and are regularly reviewed and updated to reflect the latest medical research and best practices. Clinical protocols can be used in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. They are an important tool for ensuring that healthcare providers are providing consistent, evidence-based care to their patients, and can help to improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of medical errors.

Cultural competency in the medical field refers to the ability of healthcare providers to understand, respect, and effectively communicate with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. It involves recognizing and appreciating the unique cultural beliefs, values, and practices of patients, and using this knowledge to provide care that is sensitive to their needs and preferences. Cultural competency in healthcare requires healthcare providers to have an understanding of the cultural beliefs and practices of their patients, including their language, dietary restrictions, religious beliefs, and traditional healing practices. It also involves being able to communicate effectively with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, using appropriate language and terminology, and being sensitive to cultural differences in communication styles and preferences. Cultural competency is important in healthcare because it can help to improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare disparities, and enhance patient satisfaction. By providing culturally competent care, healthcare providers can build trust and rapport with their patients, which can lead to better health outcomes and improved patient satisfaction.

Dental assistants are healthcare professionals who work under the supervision of dentists to provide a range of dental care services to patients. They are responsible for assisting dentists during procedures, preparing patients for treatment, taking and developing dental x-rays, sterilizing equipment, and maintaining dental records. Dental assistants may also perform administrative tasks such as scheduling appointments, answering phones, and billing patients. They play a vital role in ensuring that dental procedures are performed safely and efficiently, and they are an important part of the dental team.

In the medical field, "Africa" typically refers to the continent of Africa and its population. The medical issues and challenges faced by people in Africa are diverse and complex, and include infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, as well as non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. There are also significant disparities in access to healthcare and medical resources across the continent, with many people living in rural areas or in low-income countries lacking access to basic medical care. Medical research and public health initiatives in Africa often focus on addressing these challenges and improving health outcomes for people living on the continent.

Dental caries, also known as tooth decay, is a common dental disease that affects the hard tissues of the teeth, including the enamel, dentin, and pulp. It is caused by the demineralization of tooth enamel due to the production of acid by bacteria in the mouth. The bacteria in the mouth feed on sugars and starches in the food we eat, producing acid as a byproduct. This acid can erode the enamel on the teeth, leading to the formation of cavities. If left untreated, dental caries can progress and cause damage to the underlying dentin and pulp, leading to pain, infection, and tooth loss. Dental caries is a preventable disease through good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing and flossing regularly, using fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, and limiting sugary and acidic foods and drinks. Early detection and treatment of dental caries can help prevent more serious complications and maintain good oral health.

In the medical field, aging refers to the natural process of physical, biological, and psychological changes that occur over time in living organisms, including humans. These changes can affect various aspects of an individual's health and well-being, including their metabolism, immune system, cardiovascular system, skeletal system, and cognitive function. Aging is a complex process that is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. As people age, their bodies undergo a gradual decline in function, which can lead to the development of age-related diseases and conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dementia. In the medical field, aging is studied in the context of geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health and well-being of older adults. Geriatricians work to identify and manage age-related health issues, promote healthy aging, and improve the quality of life for older adults.

Case management is a healthcare professional's process of coordinating and facilitating the delivery of healthcare services to individuals with complex medical needs. The goal of case management is to ensure that patients receive the most appropriate and effective care possible, while also managing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes. Case managers work with patients, families, and healthcare providers to develop and implement care plans that address the patient's medical, social, and emotional needs. They may also help patients navigate the healthcare system, coordinate care across different providers and settings, and advocate for the patient's rights and needs. Case management is often used for patients with chronic conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, or cancer, as well as for patients with complex medical needs, such as those with multiple comorbidities or who require long-term care. By providing ongoing support and coordination, case managers can help patients stay healthy, manage their conditions effectively, and avoid unnecessary hospitalizations or emergency room visits.

... is the authority that licenses health care personnel who fulfill requirements laid down in The Health Personnel Act, Chapter 9 ... The Health Personnel Act. Website of the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services "Helsesjef innrømmer forfalskning av ... Norwegian Registration Authority for Health Personnel (Norwegian: Statens autorisasjonskontor for helsepersonell, SAK (until ... from website of Ministry of Health and Care Services v t e (Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Medical and health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Registration_Authority_for_Health_Personnel

The International Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology (IJCAHPO) is an American nonprofit professional ... association for Allied Ophthalmic Personnel (AOP). Founded in 1969, the IJCAHPO provides certification and education programs ... Surgery American Society of Ophthalmic Administrators American Society of Retina Specialists Association of Technical Personnel ... of Veterans Affairs Ophthalmologists Canadian Ophthalmological Society Canadian Society of Ophthalmic Medical Personnel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Commission_on_Allied_Health_Personnel_in_Ophthalmology

The Norwegian Association of Health and Social Care Personnel (Norwegian: Norsk Helse- og Sosialforbund, NHS) was a trade union ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Association_of_Health_and_Social_Care_Personnel

The Health & Other Services Personnel Trade Union of South Africa (HOSPERSA) is a trade union in South Africa. The union was ... forming the Hospital Personnel Association of South Africa. In 1993, it joined the Federation of South African Labour Unions ( ... and in 1995 it absorbed the Natal Provincial Administration Personnel Association. In 1997, FEDSAL became part of the new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_&_Other_Services_Personnel_Trade_Union_of_South_Africa

"Personnel". Retrieved 2009-07-02. "World Health Imaging Alliance Partners For X-Rays in Developing World". McCormick School of ... Medical and health organizations based in Illinois, International medical and health organizations, Health informatics and ... The World Health Imaging, Telemedicine and Informatics Alliance (WHITIA) is a non-profit global health technology and social ... "World Health Imaging Alliance Poised to Bring Imaging Diagnostics and Data to the Developing World". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Imaging,_Telemedicine,_and_Informatics_Alliance

The majority of emergency medical personnel are employed by the public ambulance services of the National Health Service and ... Emergency medical personnel most often work in an ambulance alongside another member of staff. Typically, an ambulance will be ... Emergency medical personnel in the United Kingdom are people engaged in the provision of emergency medical services. This ... Ministry of Health; Millar, E. L. M. (1966). Ambulance training and equipment. Part 1. Training. University of Southampton. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medical_personnel_in_the_United_Kingdom

Health; Policy, Personnel; Order, Law and; Eaeu; koom, Taza; Ca, Media About; Council, Turkic. "New Prosecutor General of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecutor_General's_Office_of_Kyrgyzstan

Health; Policy, Personnel; Order, Law and; Eaeu; koom, Taza; Ca, Media About; Council, Turkic. "Secretary of Security Council ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Council_of_Kyrgyzstan

Health personnel ... must also be respected and allowed to carry out their life-saving work in safety." The Pearl Monument was ... Bahrain's Minister of Health appeared on state television and claimed that the situation at the main hospital was calm, and ... In the afternoon, the Bahrain Defence Force deployed tanks, and at least 50 armored personnel carriers armed with machine guns ... All those taking part in the violence must safeguard medical personnel, medical facilities and any vehicle used as an ambulance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2011_Bahraini_uprising

b. Personnel Services Support. (1) Method of marking and handling EPWs. (2) Religious Services. c. Army Health System Support ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations_order

Social policy - Protection of the safety and health of workers - Directive 93/104/EC - Concepts of working time and rest period ... "Statutory holiday entitlement". Personnel Today. 6 February 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2017. Working Time (Amendment) ... Social policy - Protection of the safety and health of workers - Directives 89/391/EEC and 93/104/EC - Scope - Doctors in ... Social policy - Protection of the health and safety of workers - Directive 93/104/EC - Entitlement to paid annual leave - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_Time_Regulations_1998

Subcommittee on Public Health; App- Agriculture, Envir. & Energy; App- Higher Education; App-Human Services; App- Personnel and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren_Bailey

Health; Human Services; and Finance and Personnel. In the 2019 general election, the county GOP won three more seats previously ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswego_County,_New_York

"Austria: Health System Personnel". World Health Systems Facts. Retrieved 5 September 2022. Rockwell, John (17 July 1989). " ... In 2019, health spending per capita ranked third in the EU. Health-related out-of-pocket expenditures are higher than the EU ... "STC Health Index". globalresidenceindex.com. Retrieved 5 September 2022. "State of Health in the EU; Companion Report 2021". op ... A new mandatory health professional's registry was set up in 2018. However, for the elapsing of the COVID-19 pandemic in early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria

... criminal justice personnel; public health employees; firefighters; Vermont National Guard personnel; other first responders and ... On April 3, the Vermont Department of Health recommended that all Vermonters should wear face masks when in public. Health ... "Case Dashboard". Vermont Department of Health. Retrieved May 18, 2022. Lamdin, Courtney (March 20, 2020). "Vermont Health ... health officials now encouraging face masks for all". WCAX. April 3, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2020. "Do you need to wear a mask ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont

Medical and health service support. The word "logistics" is derived from the Greek adjective logistikos meaning "skilled in ... Transport of personnel. Acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation and disposition of facilities. Acquisition or ... Material precedence: Mobilisation of materiel should precede that of personnel, and the provision of logistical units that of ... With the subsequent development of large jets, aircraft became the preferred method of moving personnel over long distances, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_logistics

Counseling, Psychotherapy, and the Unified Person (1963). Journal of Religion and Health. Religious Factors and Values in ... Personnel and Guidance Journal. 39:15-29. ... J Relig Health. 2 (2): 95-111. doi:10.1007/BF01532104. S2CID ... Journal of Religion and Health. 12 (3): 303-306. JSTOR 27505185. Curran, Charles A. "The concept of sin and guilt in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Arthur_Curran

"NOAA Corps Directives, Chapter 12 PART 6 - Insignia, Medals, and Ribbon Bars" (PDF). [Commissioned Corps Personnel Center]. ... Public Health Service, and the NOAA Commissioned Corps. Except for the Air Medal, unique decorations and awards issued by ... United States Public Health Service. 28 August 2008. p. 12. Archived from the original (pdf) on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak_leaf_cluster

... and board of health liaison. Two members of the township committee serve on each standing committee and provide oversight to ... personnel; recreation commission; freeholder liaison; Glen Alpin Steering liaison; school board liaison; open space liaison; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harding_Township,_New_Jersey

School health services 3497-3499................................Hygiene in universities and colleges 3525-3575 ... Administrative personnel 2832-2844.1...................................Teaching personnel 2844.52-2844.63 ... Teaching personnel 2335.86-2335.885..........................Trade unions 2335.95-2337................................. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification:Class_L_--_Education

Clarkson, G.P., & Hodgkinson, G.P. (2007). What can occupational stress diaries achieve that questionnaires can't? Personnel ... Total Worker Health-type interventions integrate health protection and health promotion components. Health promotion components ... and health 2008. Society for Occupational Health Psychology Newsletter, 2, 2. [7] Occupational Health Science. Accessed January ... Total Worker Health involves the coordination of evidence-based (a) health promotion practices at the level of the individual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology

... carried a bill to make no-mandate health insurance available so more small businesses could afford health care for their ... "HB 1024 Military personnel; extension of deadlines for driver's license renewal, etc". Virginia General Assembly. Legislative ... "HB 478 Health insurance; small employers to enter into pooling agreements". Virginia General Assembly. Legislative Information ... Frederick has also passed a number of bills related to military personnel, including providing in-state tuition to active-duty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Frederick

"Budget 2011-15" (PDF). Department of Finance and Personnel. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 28 ... health and social care trusts Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Northern Health and Social Care Trust South Eastern Health ... In December 1999, the Department of Health and Social Services was renamed as the Department of Health, Social Services and ... and Social Care Trust Southern Health and Social Care Trust Western Health and Social Care Trust Health policy in Northern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Northern_Ireland)

Kutzsche, S (2012). "Pedagogical training for health personnel". Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association. 132 (6): 628. ... an MHA in health administration and health economics from the University of Oslo (2006) and an MSc in health professions ... 330 Squadron RNoAF personnel, Medical journal editors, Medical ethicists, University of Hamburg alumni, Physicians from Oslo, ... and educationalist in the health professions. He graduated as a medical doctor at the University of Hamburg in 1983 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Kutzsche

Senior Enlisted Personnel task personnel in the maintenance of tactical equipment and vehicles. Senior Analysts are tasked with ... Medical and health service support. By NATO doctrine, the logistic staff is tasked with overseeing logistic aspects and ... The manpower or personnel officer supervises personnel and administration systems. This department functions as the essential ... Thus, the personnel officer of a naval headquarters would be referred to as N1. In reality, in large organizations each of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staff_(military)

Joint Committee on Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Joint Committee on Public Safety; House Personnel and Administration ... "Marty Walsh on Health Care". On the Issues. Retrieved July 17, 2023. "H 4479 - Health Care Bill - Voting Record Result: ... They can use any office in this building." In June 2020, Walsh declared racism to be a public health crisis. That month, in an ... "H 4479 - Health Care Access & Affordability Bill Section 112 - Massachusetts Key Vote Marty Walsh voted Yea (Override of Veto) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Walsh

"Named/Endowed Chair Appointments at McGill University , Academic Personnel Office - McGill University". Archived from the ... he was elected as a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. In 2013, he was named a Champion of Genetics by The ... McGill University Health Centre". Archived from the original on April 21, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2012. "Chair's Statement , ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_S_Rosenblatt

... health resort and child care facilities; e) personnel; e) medical training and health promotion; g) supply; g) financial; h) ... tariffication of military personnel and full-time civilian employees; g) monetary allowance of the personnel of the Red Army; h ... both personnel and stock, rank-and-file and commanding personnel; - setting goals and monitoring the conduct of military ... political education of the personnel of the Red Army; - leadership in the implementation of measures to train personnel of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Commissariat_of_Defense_of_the_Soviet_Union

The health camp was founded in 1958 on the initiative of the then head of the Department of Physical Education Konstantin ... Administrative and economic units: - Rector's office; - Personnel department; - Planning and economic department; - Accounting ... In 1993, V. I. Belous, assistant of the Department of Social Medicine and Health Care, was appointed director of the museum. In ... Various and manifold therapeutic consulting activity in the system of Bukovina practical health service is carried out by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovinian_State_Medical_University

Bureau of Naval Personnel. October 1, 1990. p. 122. Retrieved June 7, 2021. "COMMANDER, U.S. 7th FLEET TO HOLD CHANGE OF ... Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Department of Health. 1963. Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States ... Military personnel from Fairfax County, Virginia, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni, United States Naval Flight Officers ... Naval Postgraduate School alumni, United States Navy admirals, All stub articles, United States Navy personnel stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_O._Thomas

Disease in Health-Care Settings and Impact on Health-Care Personnel and Patients ... Disease in Health-Care Settings and Impact on Health-Care Personnel and Patients ... emergency medical service personnel, dental personnel, pharmacists, laboratory personnel, autopsy personnel, students and ... health-care or public safety personnel might be at risk for HBV exposure; in addition, personnel providing care and assistance ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm

Nursing personnel (%) (Health workforce). This indicator is available in the following set of views in the "By topic" section ... of the Global Health Observatory. These links will open a new browser tab or window onto the selected view. Available:. * ...

https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.imr.HWF_0026?lang=en

ATSDR Health Survey of Marine Corps Personnel and Civilians. The results from this comprehensive survey will help us be able to ... determine if contaminated water at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune may have affected peoples health. ... Health Effectsplus icon * Health Studiesplus icon *Health Studies in Adults ... ATSDR distributed the Health Survey of Marine Corps Personnel and Civilians in 2011, and expects to deliver results in 2014. ...

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/sites/lejeune/health_survey.html

CDC WONDER is a system for disseminating Public Health data and information ... Recommendations for prevention of AIDS in health-care personnel have been previously published (4), and these personnel are ... Additional cases have been reported in health-care personnel; however, these have either occurred in persons belonging to AIDS ... These four cases provide no new information regarding occupational risk related to health-care personnel. Transmission of AIDS ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000350/p0000350.asp

The Health Ministry will employ 12,000 new health personnel as part of the countrys measures to stem the spread of the novel ... Turkey to recruit 12,000 new health personnel. ANKARA. The Health Ministry will employ 12,000 new health personnel as part of ... The ministry is set to appoint 7,000 nurses, 1,700 midwives, and 2,864 health technicians in 14 different fields, Health ... He also noted that the Chinese vaccine will be administered starting with health workers, and then people with chronic ...

https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/no-side-effects-from-local-covid-19-vaccine-160299

Nursing and allied health ...

http://www.emro.who.int/nursing-section/

A leading occupational health professional has urged practitioners to take the lead in reassuring employers and employees who ... Dr Steve Boorman, director of employee health at consultancy Empactis and chair of the Council for Work and Health, has said ... It has highlighted the resources available through The National Travel Health Network and Centre, Public Health England (PHE) ... One of the countrys foremost workplace health journalists, Nic has written for OHW+ and Occupational Health & Wellbeing since ...

https://www.personneltoday.com/hr/dont-panic-about-coronavirus-occupational-health-practitioners-are-told/

Changes in study personnel MUST be submitted using the process outlined below to OCR, except when submitting a change in PI or ... The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, also called UT Health San Antonio, is a leading academic health ... Part of UT Health San Antonio. Office of the Vice President for Research - UT Health San Antonio Office of the Vice President ... Health information on this site is not meant to be used to diagnose or treat conditions. Consult a health care provider if you ...

https://www.uthscsa.edu/vpr/services/management/personnel-change

The Military Health System offers the Advanced Virtual Support for Operational Forces program, or ADVISOR, for remote military ... Global Health Engagement Health Care Technology Global Health Engagement Global Health Engagement Article Around MHS ... Health Care Technology , Health Readiness & Combat Support U.S. military medical personnel often serve in remote operating ... Health Readiness & Combat Support Public Health Medical Surveillance Monthly Report Report. Jan 1, 2023 MSMR Vol. 30 No. 1 - ...

https://health.mil/News/Articles/2021/05/27/ADVISOR-brings-support-to-medical-personnel-in-austere-environments?page=5

Tetra Tech is leading the innovation and modernization of mobile health apps and websites serving more than 9 million military ... Tetra Tech manages DHAs largest health-related websites, TRICARE.mil and Health.mil, and a portfolio of health-related mobile ... health-related apps, such as T2 Mood Tracker and Tactical Breather, for Health.mils Connected Health branch, supporting their ... Tetra Tech supports the U.S. Defense Health Agencys (DHA) Military Health System (MHS)-one of Americas largest and most ...

https://www.tetratech.com/cs/Satellite?c=TT_C&childpagename=TT%2FTT_C%2FProject_Detail&cid=1388521858051&pagename=TTWrapper

According to the National Institutes of Health, health care providers diagnose about 54,000 new cases of oral cancer per year ... which includes health care workers and close contacts of cases," said Burgess. "Particularly, health care workers who have ... Military Health System Marks 1-Year Anniversary for COVID Vaccinations More than 6.4 million COVID-19 vaccine doses have been ... Army Public Health Center provides update on Long COVID risks. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ...

https://www.health.mil/News/Articles/2021/02/18/USU-cohort-study-investigates-COVID19-impacts-on-DOD-personnel?page=5

WHO EB136: International Recruitment of Health Personnel. January 29, 2015 admin News, Uncategorized ... Agenda Item 10.2 - WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel ... We find this important because WHO can formulate policies and foster solutions that will affect future generations of health ... This jeopardizes the safety of our patients, and and contributes to mental health problems among our students, including ...

https://ifmsa.org/who-eb136/

OPCSD Health Plan Summary of Benefits & Coverage. * To review the individual summary of benefits and coverages (SBC), please ... OPCSD Health Plan Summary of Benefits & Coverage. ... OPCSD Health Plan Summary of Benefits & Coverage * Personnel ...

https://www.opschools.org/Page/128

Minutes from the first meeting of the Armed Forces Personnel and Veterans Health Joint Groups Implementation Group held on 24 ... Armed Forces Personnel and Veterans Health Joint Groups Implementation Group minutes: October 2019 File type. 7 page PDF. ... Minutes from the second meeting of the Armed Forces Personnel and Veterans Health Joint Groups Implementation Group held on 24 ... Armed Forces Personnel and Veterans Health Joint Groups Implementation Group minutes: October 2019. ...

https://www.gov.scot/publications/armed-forces-personnel-and-veterans-health-joint-groups-implementation-group-minutes-october-2019/

The New York State Health Departments Vaccine Mandate, adopted on August 26, requires personnel at general hospitals and ... The New York State Health Departments Vaccine Mandate, adopted on August 26, requires personnel at general hospitals and ... Personnel at ambulatory surgery centers, diagnostic & treatment centers, hospices, home care agencies, and adult care ... Personnel at ambulatory surgery centers, diagnostic & treatment centers, hospices, home care agencies, and adult care ...

https://www.harrisbeach.com/insights/recent-developments-with-health-care-personnel-vaccine-mandate/

Fendall, N. R. "Auxiliary Health Personnel: Training And Use" 82, no. 6 (1967). Fendall, N. R. "Auxiliary Health Personnel: ... Health Care As A Fringe Benefit In Labor Contracts Cite CITE. Title : Health Care As A Fringe Benefit In Labor Contracts ... Public Health Reports ; v. 82, no. 6, June 1967 : cover Cite CITE. Title : Public Health Reports ; v. 82, no. 6, June 1967 : ... A Public Health Program For Sexually Assaulted Females Cite CITE. Title : A Public Health Program For Sexually Assaulted ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/74740

2020-8-4 Personnel Cte Minutes-virtual , MMDHD District Health Department. MMDHD District Health Department ... Mid-Michigan District Health Department. All Rights Reserved. Site Accessibility. Privacy Policy. Site Designed by: Inspiration ... Our mission is to take action to protect, maintain and improve the health of the communities we serve. Our vision is to ... The Mid-Michigan District Health Department was formed in 1966 and serves Clinton, Gratiot and Montcalm counties. ...

https://www.mmdhd.org/2020-personnel-committee-meetings/2020-8-4-personnel-cte-minutes-virtual/

Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel (2011) Chapter: 11 ... Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel Get This Book × ... Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel. Washington, DC: The ... Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel. Washington, DC: The ...

https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/13121/chapter/15

Health care personnel (HCP) who demonstrated close contact with Corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients might experience a ... World Health Organization. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide. Geneva: World Health ... and burnout symptoms on health care personnel at a month after COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia. BMC Public Health 21, 227 (2021 ... Health care personnel (HCP) who demonstrated close contact with Corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients might experience a ...

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-021-10299-6

... of births attended by skilled health personnel, Categories: Reproductive, maternal and child health ... of births attended by skilled health personnel (Bar chart) * Proportion (%) of births attended by skilled health personnel (Map ... The proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel is the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to ... Data and Digital Health Unit Division of Country Health Policies and Systems. World Health Organization Regional Office for ...

https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/indicators/hfa_598-7070-proportion-of-births-attended-by-skilled-health-personnel/

Womens Health Issues: A presentation of a variety of Health Issues affecting Women ... Womens Health Issues: A presentation of a variety of Health Issues affecting Women ... Targeted at health-care facility administrators, infection-control professionals, and occupational health professionals ... concerning influenza vaccination of health-care personnel (HCP) in the United States. ...

https://mededsys.com/courses/910-influenza-vaccination-of-health-care-personnel-n/

WHO/EMRO Regional Health Observatory,workbook_owner_user_name:,is_workbook_owner:false,is_guest:true,is_admin:false ... Personnel per 10000 population- physicians,statefulURL:true,showLytebox:null,showShareOptions:true,showViewCount:false ... viewCountThreshold:1,workbookName:Personnel per 10000 population- physicians,syncSession:null,external_static_asset_ ...

https://wem-rho1.emro.who.int/ThemeViz/TermID/142

https://rho.emro.who.int/ThemeViz/TermID/142

by World Health Organization. Health Education and Health Promotion Unit , United Nations Development Programme. ... The training and utilization of health personnel in Cameroon / by T.C. Nchinda. by Nchinda, Thomas C , University of Yaounde. ... Concerning the carers : occupational health for health care workers / J. A. Lunn, H. A. Waldron. by Lunn, J. A , Waldron, Harry ... University Centre for Health Sciences.. Material type: Text; Format: print Publication details: Yaounde : University of Yaounde ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BHealth%20Personnel%7D

Fully vaccinated DOD personnel are no longer required to wear a mask at Defense Department facilities. ... Fully vaccinated DOD personnel are no longer required to wear a mask at Defense Department facilities. * Defense ... DOD Lifts Mask Mandate for Fully Vaccinated Personnel. U.S. Army soldier on December 8, 2020, in Fort Drum, New York. Getty ... Defense Department personnel who are at least two weeks out from a final vaccine dose are no longer required to wear masks ...

https://www.nextgov.com/digital-government/2021/05/dod-lifts-mask-mandate-fully-vaccinated-personnel/174076/

Department of Health and Human Services charged under the Superfund Act to assess the presence and nature of health hazards at ... ATSDR launches health survey of Marine Corps personnel and civilians Onslow, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina ... Federal Health Agency Completes Analyses of Tarawa Terrace Drinking Water System at U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North ... The Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) begins this week a health survey regarding diseases that may be ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/NEWS/NewsDisplay.aspx?newsIndicator=2513

urgent care centers, and outpatient clinics as well as to persons who provide home health care and emergency medical services. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that health care personnel (HCP) infected with pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus not work until 24 hours after fever subsides without the use of antipyretics. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created guidelines for infection control in health care settings to prevent influenza transmission from infected HCP to patients and other HCP. (cdc.gov)
Personnel at ambulatory surgery centers, diagnostic & treatment centers, hospices, home care agencies, and adult care facilities regulated by the Department of Health must receive their first vaccine dose by October 7. (harrisbeach.com)

The Health Ministry will employ 12,000 new health personnel as part of the country's measures to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic as the total number of COVID-19 patients in the country has surpassed 450,000. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
In a blogpost , Dr Boorman wrote: "My 30 years of occupational health practice has taken me through many previous threats including SARS, pandemic flu (more than once) and the white powder scares of anthrax contamination across the postal service. (personneltoday.com)
Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential - or EPICC - study hopes to inform the Military Health System on ways to improve the patient care and treatment, infection, and disease prevention of those with COVID-19. (health.mil)
Ten days later, the World Health Organization (WHO) increased the COVID-19 status into a pandemic [ 1 , 2 ], as this disease has been spreading and infecting most of the countries worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Before the pandemic, health professionals were faced with a high risk for anxiety, depression, and fatigue due to their jobs [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. (who.int)
Statement read on January 29th during the World Health Organization (WHO) 136th Executive Board Meeting. (ifmsa.org)

As of July 11, 1983, physicians and health departments in the United States and Puerto Rico had reported a total of 1,831 patients meeting the CDC surveillance definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1). (cdc.gov)
Immediate care of the sick and injured (a course guide for the instruction of para-medical personnel in emergency medical practices by physicians / edited by Arnold M. Lewis. (who.int)
Many are also employed by private physicians, medical groups, public health and environmental laboratories, research facilities, pharmaceutical and biomedical companies, universities, industrial medical laboratories, molecular diagnostic laboratories and the armed forces. (vhwda.org)

This report updates the previously published summary of recommendations for vaccinating health-care personnel (HCP) in the United States (CDC. (cdc.gov)
This report updates the previously published summary of recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Healthcare (formerly Hospital) Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) for vaccinating health-care personnel (HCP) in the United States ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Health care personnel (HCP) with influenza infections can transmit virus to patients. (cdc.gov)
Of these, four were reported to be health-care personnel not known to belong to groups at increased risk for AIDS. (cdc.gov)
Health care personnel (HCP) who demonstrated close contact with Corona virus disease (COVID-19) patients might experience a higher risk of infection and psychological problems. (biomedcentral.com)
Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning influenza vaccination of health-care personnel (HCP) in the United States. (mededsys.com)

The ministry is set to appoint 7,000 nurses, 1,700 midwives, and 2,864 health technicians in 14 different fields, Health Minister Fahrettin Koca said on Twitter on Nov. 24. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
Skilled health personnel (doctors, nurses or midwives) include only those who are properly trained and who have appropriate equipment and drugs. (who.int)

However, we would like to remind you of the important role played by academia and young organizations in providing perspectives on the major challenges linked to retention and migration of health workers. (ifmsa.org)

Immunization of health-care workers: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP] and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee [HICPAC]. (cdc.gov)

Background Despite its importance, the integration of oral health into primary care is still an emerging practice in the field of health care services. (medscape.com)

These updated recommendations can assist hospital administrators, infection-control practitioners, employee health clinicians, and HCP in optimizing infection prevention and control programs. (cdc.gov)
H1N1) 2009 virus detected by rapid culture and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) among HCP is useful in developing infection prevention measures for the health care setting. (cdc.gov)

A leading occupational health professional has urged practitioners to take the lead in reassuring employers and employees who may be worried about the spread of coronavirus beyond China and its epicentre of the city of Wuhan. (personneltoday.com)
Are there barefoot doctors in Bangladesh : a survey of non-government rural health practitioners / A. M. Sarder, Lincoln C. Chen. (who.int)

One of the country's foremost workplace health journalists, Nic has written for OHW+ and Occupational Health & Wellbeing since 2001, and edited the magazine from 2018. (personneltoday.com)

This indicator is available in the following set of views in the "By topic" section of the Global Health Observatory. (who.int)

We will also be able to better learn how environmental and chemical exposures affect human health. (cdc.gov)
The Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) begins this week a health survey regarding diseases that may be associated with chemical exposures related to water at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina. (cdc.gov)

The New York State Health Department's Vaccine Mandate, adopted on August 26, requires personnel at general hospitals and nursing homes to have at least their first COVID-19 vaccination dose by September 27. (harrisbeach.com)
Now, as the Defense Department surpasses 870,000 fully vaccinated personnel , the mandate has been partially lifted. (nextgov.com)

The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences' Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program is leading a multi-year study to identify risk factors for COVID-19 in the military population, understand the symptoms and disease course, and investigate clinical outcomes. (health.mil)
Particularly, health care workers who have received a COVID-19 vaccination will be an important population for studies to examine vaccine effectiveness and outcomes. (health.mil)

ATSDR distributed the Health Survey of Marine Corps Personnel and Civilians in 2011, and expects to deliver results in 2014. (cdc.gov)
The ATSDR Health Survey of Marine Corps Personnel and Civilians was mailed in 2011 and 2012. (cdc.gov)
Military service members and veterans have made sacrifices to our country, and they face different health issues than civilians. (medlineplus.gov)

Finally, the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health has highlighted a range of actions organisations can take to manage traveller health, safety and wellbeing. (personneltoday.com)
Occupational Health Awareness Week aims to engage small. (personneltoday.com)
Targeted at health-care facility administrators, infection-control professionals, and occupational health professionals responsible for influenza vaccination programs and influenza infection-control programs in their institutions. (mededsys.com)
Concerning the carers : occupational health for health care workers / J. A. Lunn, H. A. Waldron. (who.int)

In the past, obtaining health insurance could be difficult for people with diabetes, however recent reforms improve access to coverage. (diabetes.org)
The Affordable Care Act, passed in 2010, includes a number of changes to improve access to health insurance for individuals and families and make coverage more affordable. (diabetes.org)
In the U.S., a majority of people under the age of 65 have health insurance coverage through an employer-sponsored health plan either from their own job or through a family member. (diabetes.org)

This required ATSDR to develop a health survey of persons possibly exposed to contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune. (cdc.gov)
The final report on the results from the ATSDR Health Survey of Marine Corps Personnel and Civilian Employees is currently undergoing agency review. (cdc.gov)

A study in Wuhan indicated that health professionals treating patients with COVID-19 are at a considerable, if not excessive, pressure due to job demands, fatigue, and frustration, accompanied by isolation and lack of contact with their family. (biomedcentral.com)

Minutes from the second meeting of the Armed Forces Personnel and Veterans Health Joint Group's Implementation Group held on 24 October 2019. (gov.scot)
The stress can put service members and veterans at risk for mental health problems . (medlineplus.gov)

He also noted that the Chinese vaccine will be administered starting with health workers, and then people with chronic illnesses and from risk groups will be vaccinated, adding that the vaccine will be provided free of charge. (hurriyetdailynews.com)
Weight gain among oil rig workers prompts health. (personneltoday.com)
In addition, asymptomatic individuals with a high risk of exposure are also eligible for enrollment in EPICC, which includes health care workers and close contacts of cases," said Burgess. (health.mil)
A Guide for training teachers of health workers / edited by M. Amri, P. Ngatia, A. O. Mwakilasa. (who.int)
ATLANTA- A study into the deaths of full-time civilian workers employed at the U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, from 1973 to 1985 found that the workers faced health risks due to contaminated water. (cdc.gov)

TRICARE is the healthcare program for active duty and retired service personnel, their eligible family members and survivors. (medlineplus.gov)

All relevant original publications with a focus on the integration of oral health into primary care were retrieved. (medscape.com)
In general, oral health integrated care programs were designed in the public health sector and based on partnerships with various private and public health organizations, governmental bodies and academic institutions. (medscape.com)
These programmes used various strategies to empower oral health integrated care, including building interdisciplinary networks, training non-dental care providers, oral health champion modelling, enabling care linkages and care coordinated process, as well as the use of e-health technologies. (medscape.com)
Conclusions This scoping review provided a comprehensive overview on the concept of integration of oral health in primary care. (medscape.com)
Attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care among nursing home personnel--an area in need of improvement. (bvsalud.org)
In 1999, a dental reform became law in Sweden that regulated both dental care to dependent individuals and training in oral health care for nursing home personnel . (bvsalud.org)
The aim of this study was to explore attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care among nursing home personnel more than 5 years after the law was adopted, that being 2005. (bvsalud.org)
A total of 454 individuals employed at nursing homes answered a questionnaire of 16 multiple-choice items concerning attitudes to and knowledge about oral health care. (bvsalud.org)
Eighty-nine per cent considered oral health care to be an important part of good nursing . (bvsalud.org)
The answers indicated problems, however, when it came to its implementation and knowledge , and 35% stated that they had had no formal education in oral health care. (bvsalud.org)
Despite generally positive oral health care attitudes , it is important that oral health care education is available to and made of interest for all nursing home personnel , especially in light of the increase in number of natural teeth and frequency of crowns and bridges among dependent elderly . (bvsalud.org)

This jeopardizes the safety of our patients, and and contributes to mental health problems among our students, including depression, burnout and suicides. (ifmsa.org)
This annual clearance operation highlights the city's ongoing challenges with homelessness and mental health issues. (indiatimes.com)

Tetra Tech manages DHA's largest health-related websites, TRICARE .mil and Health.mil , and a portfolio of health-related mobile apps that provide health support, training, and news for DHA's 9.6 million active duty members, retired military personnel, and their families. (tetratech.com)

Source: UN Millennium Development Goal Indicators database (originally the data compiled by WHO and UNICEF from Demographic and Health Surveys, Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and national sources). (who.int)

WHO defines an attack on health care as any act of verbal or physical violence or obstruction or threat of violence that interferes with the availability, access and delivery of curative and/or preventive health services during emergencies. (who.int)

The health survey asked questions about more than twenty different cancers and other diseases. (cdc.gov)
Field medical personnel anywhere in the world can call one phone number - 1-833-ADVSRLN (1-833-238-7756 or DSN 312-429-9089) - and get immediate live help in 13 different medical specialties, from emergency care and critical care, to infectious diseases and toxicology. (health.mil)

On February 26, 1982, the patient went to the employee-health nurse for treatment of a needlestick injury. (cdc.gov)
No other injuries had been recorded on his employee-health record. (cdc.gov)

Launched in December 2019, the Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) is a global and standardized monitoring system for the collection of primary data about attacks on health care. (who.int)
Permission from WHO is not required for the use of the Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care dashboard material or data available for download. (who.int)

At all times, callers can reach two staff providers for each specialty, who have both operational and virtual health experience. (health.mil)

The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, also called UT Health San Antonio , is a leading academic health center with a mission to make lives better through excellence in advanced academics , life-saving research and comprehensive clinical care including health , dental and cancer services . (uthscsa.edu)
Tetra Tech supports the U.S. Defense Health Agency's (DHA) Military Health System (MHS)-one of America's largest and most complex health care institutions-by implementing advanced technology capabilities for the successful delivery of quality health services to military personnel and health care providers and combating infectious disease. (tetratech.com)

Health information on this site is not meant to be used to diagnose or treat conditions. (uthscsa.edu)
According to the National Institutes of Health, health care providers diagnose about 54,000 new cases of oral cancer per year in the United States. (health.mil)

The results from this comprehensive survey will help us answer questions that Marines and their families have about their health. (cdc.gov)
Tetra Tech is leading the innovation and modernization of mobile health apps and websites serving more than 9 million military personnel and their families. (tetratech.com)
Individuals and families who purchase insurance on their own in the individual insurance market can buy a plan on the Health Insurance Marketplace. (diabetes.org)
Individuals and families that do not have access to health insurance from an employer and do not qualify for public programs, such as Medicaid or Medicare, may wish to purchase a health plan on their own in the individual insurance market. (diabetes.org)
Medicaid is a state-administered health insurance program for certain individuals and families with low incomes and resources. (diabetes.org)

We find this important because WHO can formulate policies and foster solutions that will affect future generations of health professionals around the world. (ifmsa.org)
Promoting cultural diversity : strategies for health care professionals / Kathryn Hopkins Kavanagh & Patricia H. Kennedy. (who.int)
The Health Careers Catalog is a tool designed to spark the interest of students, young professionals and others who may have an interest in health care careers. (vhwda.org)

Defense Department personnel who are at least two weeks out from a final vaccine dose are no longer required to wear masks indoor or outdoors at DOD facilities, the Pentagon announced Friday. (nextgov.com)

The system is used in emergency-affected countries and fragile, conflict-affected and vulnerable settings that are priority areas of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme. (who.int)

Providing a single point of contact makes it easier for those frontline personnel to get the immediate assistance they need, which is why the Military Health System offers the Advanced Virtual Support for Operational Forces program, or ADVISOR. (health.mil)

A change to PI/Co-PI or new/updated conflict of interest Conflict of Interest refers to situations where the individual has the opportunity to influence the Health Science Center's business, administrative, academic, research, clinical, or other decisions in ways that could lead to personal financial gain or advantage or could appear to cause bias in the design, conduct, or reporting of research or educational activities. (uthscsa.edu)
Most clinical laboratory personnel work in hospital laboratories. (vhwda.org)
Developing a Career as Clinical Laboratory Personnel? (vhwda.org)
How much salary do Clinical Laboratory Personnel make? (vhwda.org)
Where else can I learn about becoming a Clinical Laboratory Personnel? (vhwda.org)

It has highlighted the resources available through The National Travel Health Network and Centre , Public Health England (PHE) and others. (personneltoday.com)

After the patient's death, interviews by the Baltimore City Health Department of his family and friends confirmed his history. (cdc.gov)
The Mid-Michigan District Health Department was formed in 1966 and serves Clinton, Gratiot and Montcalm counties. (mmdhd.org)
Fully vaccinated DOD personnel are no longer required to wear a mask at Defense Department facilities. (nextgov.com)
Per CDC regulations, those who are not fully vaccinated-including DOD's 348,000 partially vaccinated personnel-are still required to wear masks in and around Defense Department facilities. (nextgov.com)

The T2 Mood Tracker, developed by Tetra Tech personnel, received first place in the Apps4Army competition's General Wellness category. (tetratech.com)

HCP are defined as all paid and unpaid persons working in health-care settings who have the potential for exposure to patients and/or to infectious materials, including body substances, contaminated medical supplies and equipment, contaminated environmental surfaces, or contaminated air. (cdc.gov)

ADVISOR provides support to medical personnel in remote operating locations (Courtesy of DHA Connected Health). (health.mil)
U.S. military medical personnel often serve in remote operating locations with limited external communications and often a sparse health care infrastructure. (health.mil)
Think of ADVISOR as a "phone-a-friend" capability that connects field medical personnel with the MHS' best experts for when medical situations require assistance far from home - similar in spirit to NASA's Mission Control. (health.mil)
Field personnel are not on the Moon, but handling a medical crisis in faraway, resource-constrained locations can feel that way. (health.mil)

Contact a college or training facility to learn more about pursuing a health career. (vhwda.org)

Diseases3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology14

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations15

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena39

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities6

Information Science18

Named Groups17

Health Care189

Geographicals9

Health at work in the general practice. (1/2817)

The managed care revolution: how medical technologists have tolerated the change. (2/2817)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary dissection in breast cancer: results in a large series. (3/2817)

Occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers: worldwide cases through September 1997. (4/2817)

High prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infections in dialysis staff. (5/2817)

Nosocomial group A streptococcal infections associated with asymptomatic health-care workers--Maryland and California, 1997. (6/2817)

Effectiveness of training health professionals to provide smoking cessation interventions: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. (7/2817)

Understanding adverse events: human factors. (8/2817)

Allied Health Personnel

Health Personnel

Allied Health Occupations

Health Manpower

Medical Secretaries

Access to Information

Books

Attitude of Health Personnel

Midwifery

Library Collection Development

Military Personnel

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Health Status

Public Policy

Health Services Accessibility

Public Health

Delivery of Health Care

Rural Population

Questionnaires

Health Policy

Health Surveys

Health Care Reform

Personnel, Hospital

Health Promotion

Mental Health

Cross-Sectional Studies

Data Collection

Health

United States

Health Care Surveys

Attitude to Health

Health Planning

Pregnancy

Primary Health Care

Quality of Health Care

Health Behavior

Health Services

Insurance, Health

World Health

Health Services Needs and Demand

Health Education

Oral Health

Health Services Research

Public Health Administration

Occupational Health

Health Expenditures

Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Environmental Health

Health Status Disparities

Public Health Practice

National Health Programs

Mental Health Services

Health Priorities

Delivery of Health Care, Integrated

Health Care Rationing

Rural Health

Community Health Services

Women's Health

Health Care Sector

World Health Organization

Urban Health

Child Health Services

Health Literacy

Personnel Management

Health Facilities

Outcome Assessment (Health Care)

Rural Health Services

Community Health Planning

Military Medicine

Quality Assurance, Health Care

Socioeconomic Factors

Health Resources

Health Occupations

Community Health Centers

Regional Health Planning

Medical Laboratory Personnel

Public Health Nursing

Personnel Staffing and Scheduling

Maternal Health Services

Emergency Medical Technicians