Harm Reduction
Needle-Exchange Programs
Tobacco, Smokeless
Opiate Substitution Treatment
Methadone
Codependency (Psychology)
Group Structure
Drug and Narcotic Control
Street Drugs
Tobacco Industry
Needle Sharing
HIV Infections
Drug Users
Risk-Taking
Self-Help Groups
Police
Hungary
Sex Workers
Marketing
Smoking Cessation
Social Networking
Health Policy
Public Policy
Public Health
Public Opinion
Risk Reduction Behavior
Prisoners
Narcotics
Alcohol Drinking
Expanding harm reduction services through a wound and abscess clinic. (1/250)
A wound and abscess clinic, held concurrently with a syringe exchange, provided economical treatment and aftercare for injection-associated soft tissue infections. During 20 two-hour clinic sessions, 173 treatment episodes were logged, and the visit cost was estimated at $5 per patient. Increased patient-clinician interactions provided opportunities beyond those afforded by the syringe exchange for patients to obtain resources and referrals to services such as HIV counseling and testing, medical care, and drug treatment. Distribution of cards advertising the clinic was substantially less effective than word of mouth in increasing community awareness of the clinic. (+info)A Premiere example of the illusion of harm reduction cigarettes in the 1990s. (2/250)
OBJECTIVE: To use the product launch of Player's Premiere as a case study for understanding the new cigarette product development process during the 1990s. We determine the (in)validity of industry claims that: (1) development of the physical product preceded the promotional promise of "less irritation"; (2) "less irritation" was actually realised; (3) advertising informed consumers; and (4) advertising regulations caused the product's failure in the marketplace. SETTING: Court proceedings assessing the constitutionality of Canada's Tobacco Act, which substantially restricts cigarette advertising. The 2002 Quebec Superior Court trial yielded a new collection of internal documents from Imperial Tobacco Ltd (ITL), including several about the development and marketing of Player's Premiere. METHOD: Trial testimony and corporate documents were reviewed to determine the validity of the industry representations about the new cigarette product development process, focusing on the case history of Player's Premiere. RESULTS: In direct contradiction to industry testimony, the documentary evidence demonstrates that (1) communications for Player's Premiere, which claimed less irritation, were developed long before finding a product that could deliver on the promise; (2) ITL did not sell a "less irritating" product that matched its promotional promise; (3) the advertising and other communications for Player's Premiere were extensive, relying on the hi-tech appearances ("tangible credibility") of a "unique" filter, yet were uninformative and vague; and (4) Player's Premiere failed in the marketplace, despite extensive advertising and retail support, because it was an inferior product that did not live up to its promotional promise, not because of regulation of commercial speech. CONCLUSIONS: New product development entails extensive consumer research to craft all communications tools in fine detail. In the case of Player's Premiere, this crafting created a false and misleading impression of technological advances producing a "less irritating" cigarette. This product was solely a massive marketing ploy with neither consumer benefits, nor public health benefits. The industry attempted to deceive both consumers and the court. (+info)The Australian tar derby: the origins and fate of a low tar harm reduction programme. (3/250)
OBJECTIVE: To document the development of the low tar harm reduction programme in Australia, including tobacco industry responses. DATA SOURCES: Tobacco industry documents, retail tobacco journals, newspapers, medical journals, and Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria (ACCV) newsletters and archival records. STUDY SELECTION: Documents on the strategies and knowledge bases of the ACCV, other Australian health authorities, and the tobacco industry. RESULTS: The ACCV built a durable system for measuring and publicising the tar and nicotine yields of Australian cigarettes and influencing their development. The tobacco industry initially sought to block the development of this system but later appeared to cooperate with it, as is evidenced by the current market dominance of low tar brands. However, behind the scenes, the industry used its substantial knowledge advantage regarding compensatory smoking and its ability to re-engineer cigarettes to gain effective control of the system and subvert the ACCV's objectives. CONCLUSIONS: Replacement of the low tar programme with new means of minimising the harms from cigarette smoking should be a policy priority for the Australian government. This will require regulation, rather than further voluntary agreements, and stringent monitoring of successor programmes will be necessary. (+info)A strategy for controlling the marketing of tobacco products: a regulated market model. (4/250)
OBJECTIVE: To outline a novel strategy for controlling the tobacco market. ARGUMENTS: More comprehensive controls over the tobacco market are essential and long overdue. Effective controls need to encourage the development of less harmful products; control commercial communication to ensure that potential harms are highlighted relative to any benefits; and provide mechanisms to move consumers away from tobacco use, or at least towards less harmful alternatives. Achieving this by regulating the existing industry is one strategy. This paper puts the case for an alternative: to have marketing controlled by an agency (called here the Tobacco Products Agency, or TPA) which tendered to manufacturers for product and which distributed to retailers in ways that reduce incentives to bend or break the law. The TPA would be backed by legislation that made tobacco a controlled substance with possession sale and use only allowed as permitted by the regulations, which in reality would be only as provided by the TPA. CONCLUSIONS: The overall effect of such a model, which we call a "regulated market model", would be to eliminate most of the incentives and remaining opportunities for commercial promotion of tobacco and to create incentives to encourage the development of less harmful tobacco products. Such a model preserves the competition inherent in a free market, but directs it towards the challenge of reducing the harm from tobacco use. (+info)The US tobacco control community's view of the future of tobacco harm reduction. (5/250)
OBJECTIVE: Tobacco harm reduction (THR) has garnered recent attention due to the introduction of novel nicotine delivery products ostensibly intended to reduce risk for inveterate cigarette smokers. This study evaluates the grassroots tobacco control community's knowledge, opinions, and beliefs about THR. DESIGN: A web/mail survey conducted in October and November 2002, with a telephone survey of a sample of non-respondents. SUBJECTS: The 2833 US based registrants for the 2001 National Conference on Tobacco or Health. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents' awareness of THR, perception of its importance, support for regulation, and perception of which THR products should be recommended to inveterate cigarette smokers. RESULTS: 70% of respondents were aware of THR but respondents had low recognition of specific products at the forefront of the debate, such as Swedish snuff. Half believe THR will reduce smoking cessation and cause nicotine experimentation by children; 63% anticipate unintended adverse side effects. More expect THR to have a negative than a positive impact on health. Large majorities support government regulation of THR and conventional tobacco products, but fewer than 30% expect legislation regulating either. Most would recommend nicotine patches (76%) and gum (70%) to inveterate smokers, but no other product was supported by a majority. Scientists are more supportive of THR than activists, while respondents focusing on national/international issues are more supportive than those concentrating on local/state issues. CONCLUSIONS: Many members of the US tobacco control community are unaware of the THR "movement", while others possess only rudimentary familiarity with it. If and as THR achieves an increasingly prominent role on the tobacco-or-health scene, this community will have to become educated about THR, and be prepared to advocate for regulatory policies that will maximise the potential for positive outcomes. The potential for negative outcomes remains significant. (+info)Preventing alcohol-related harm in college students: Alcohol-related Harm Prevention program effects on hypothesized mediating variables. (6/250)
The Alcohol-related Harm Prevention (AHP) program is a normative education and skill-acquisition program designed to reduce serious, long-term alcohol-related harm in college students. Without admonishing students not to drink, which is likely to fail in many student populations, the AHP program attempts to give students the necessary perceptions, motivation and skills to intervene within their peer group, and to make proactive harm-avoidance plans with friends prior to social occasions that involve using alcohol. The AHP program is a two-session, in-class intervention that corrects misperceived norms regarding levels of alcohol use, caring about friends, acceptability of risky behaviors and willingness to intervene. The program also makes use of interactive discussions with students and a graded, peer interview assignment to identify and promote harm-prevention strategies. The AHP program was implemented during fall 1999 at a large northeastern university. The program was received very well by students and showed significant effects on the proximal outcomes hypothesized to mediate more distal health-relevant outcomes. (+info)Housing First, consumer choice, and harm reduction for homeless individuals with a dual diagnosis. (7/250)
OBJECTIVES: We examined the longitudinal effects of a Housing First program for homeless, mentally ill individuals' on those individuals' consumer choice, housing stability, substance use, treatment utilization, and psychiatric symptoms. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-five participants were randomly assigned to receive housing contingent on treatment and sobriety (control) or to receive immediate housing without treatment prerequisites (experimental). Interviews were conducted every 6 months for 24 months. RESULTS: The experimental group obtained housing earlier, remained stably housed, and reported higher perceived choice. Utilization of substance abuse treatment was significantly higher for the control group, but no differences were found in substance use or psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in the Housing First program were able to obtain and maintain independent housing without compromising psychiatric or substance abuse symptoms. (+info)Altered 5-HT(2A) receptor binding after recovery from bulimia-type anorexia nervosa: relationships to harm avoidance and drive for thinness. (8/250)
Several lines of evidence suggest that a disturbance of serotonin neuronal pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). This study applied positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate the brain serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor, which could contribute to disturbances of appetite and behavior in AN and BN. To avoid the confounding effects of malnutrition, we studied 10 women recovered from bulimia-type AN (REC AN-BN, > 1 year normal weight, regular menstrual cycles, no binging, or purging) compared with 16 healthy control women (CW) using PET imaging and a specific 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, [18F]altanserin. REC AN-BN women had significantly reduced [18F]altanserin binding potential relative to CW in the left subgenual cingulate, the left parietal cortex, and the right occipital cortex. [18F]altanserin binding potential was positively related to harm avoidance and negatively related to novelty seeking in cingulate and temporal regions only in REC AN-BN subjects. In addition, REC AN-BN had negative relationships between [18F]altanserin binding potential and drive for thinness in several cortical regions. In conclusion, this study extends research suggesting that altered 5-HT neuronal system activity persists after recovery from bulimia-type AN, particularly in subgenual cingulate regions. Altered 5-HT neurotransmission after recovery also supports the possibility that this may be a trait-related disturbance that contributes to the pathophysiology of eating disorders. It is possible that subgenual cingulate findings are not specific for AN-BN, but may be related to the high incidence of lifetime major depressive disorder diagnosis in these subjects. (+info)"Harm reduction" is a public health strategy and philosophy that seeks to minimize the negative health, social, and economic consequences associated with various human behaviors, including the use of substances such as drugs and alcohol. The goal of harm reduction is not necessarily to eliminate these behaviors but rather to reduce the potential harm that can come from them.
Examples of harm reduction strategies include providing access to clean needles for people who inject drugs, in order to prevent the spread of bloodborne diseases like HIV and hepatitis C; offering supervised consumption sites where people can use drugs under medical supervision, reducing the risk of overdose; and providing opioid agonist therapy (such as methadone or buprenorphine) to help individuals manage their dependence on opioids and reduce the risks associated with illicit drug use.
Harm reduction recognizes that abstinence may not be a realistic goal for everyone, and seeks to meet people where they are at in terms of their substance use, while still providing them with the support and resources they need to improve their health and well-being.
A Needle-Exchange Program (NEP), also known as a syringe exchange program or needle and syringe program, is a public health intervention aimed at reducing the spread of bloodborne infections, such as HIV and Hepatitis C, among people who inject drugs. NEPs provide sterile needles, syringes, and other injection equipment to people who use drugs, in order to reduce their likelihood of reusing or sharing contaminated needles.
NEPs often operate in the context of harm reduction approaches, which aim to minimize the negative consequences associated with drug use. In addition to providing sterile equipment, NEPs may also offer other services such as education on safe injection practices, testing for bloodborne infections, vaccination, referral to substance use treatment programs, and access to medical and social services.
NEPs have been shown to be effective in reducing the transmission of HIV and Hepatitis C among people who inject drugs, as well as in reducing the number of discarded needles in public spaces. Despite their proven effectiveness, NEPs remain controversial in some communities due to concerns about promoting drug use. However, research has consistently demonstrated that NEPs do not increase drug use or criminal activity.
Substance abuse, intravenous, refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances that are introduced directly into the bloodstream through injection, for non-medical purposes. This behavior can lead to a range of short- and long-term health consequences, including addiction, dependence, and an increased risk of infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Intravenous substance abuse often involves drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines, and is characterized by the repeated injection of these substances using needles and syringes. The practice can also have serious social consequences, including disrupted family relationships, lost productivity, and criminal behavior.
Smokeless tobacco is a type of tobacco that is not burned or smoked. It's often called "spit" or "chewing" tobacco. The most common forms of smokeless tobacco in the United States are snuff and chewing tobacco. Snuff is a finely ground tobacco that can be dry or moist. Dry snuff is sniffed or taken through the nose, while moist snuff is placed between the lower lip or cheek and gum. Chewing tobacco is plugs, leaves, or twists of tobacco that are chewed or sucked on.
Smokeless tobacco contains nicotine, which is addictive. When you use smokeless tobacco, the nicotine is absorbed through the lining of your mouth and goes directly into your bloodstream. This can lead to a rapid increase in nicotine levels in your body, which can make it harder to quit using tobacco.
Smokeless tobacco also contains harmful chemicals that can cause cancer of the mouth, esophagus, and pancreas. It can also cause other health problems, such as gum disease, tooth decay, and precancerous lesions in the mouth. Using smokeless tobacco can also increase your risk of developing heart disease and having a stroke.
Opiate Substitution Treatment (OST) is a medical, evidence-based treatment for opioid dependence that involves the use of prescribed, long-acting opioids to replace illicit substances such as heroin. The aim of OST is to alleviate the severe withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with opioid dependence, while also preventing the harmful consequences related to illegal drug use, such as infectious diseases and criminal activity. By providing a stable and controlled dose of a substitute medication, OST can help individuals regain control over their lives, improve physical and mental health, and facilitate reintegration into society. Commonly used medications for OST include methadone, buprenorphine, and slow-release morphine.
Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist, often used as a substitute for heroin or other opiates in detoxification programs or as a long-term maintenance drug for opiate addiction. It works by changing how the brain and nervous system respond to pain signals. It also helps to suppress the withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with opiate dependence.
Methadone is available in various forms, including tablets, oral solutions, and injectable solutions. It's typically prescribed and dispensed under strict medical supervision due to its potential for abuse and dependence.
In a medical context, methadone may also be used to treat moderate to severe pain that cannot be managed with other types of medication. However, its use in this context is more limited due to the risks associated with opioid therapy.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "group structure" is not a commonly used medical term or concept. The term "group structure" may be used in various contexts such as group therapy, support groups, or organizational structures within healthcare settings. However, it does not have a specific medical definition that applies universally.
In the context of group therapy or support groups, "group structure" might refer to the rules, roles, and dynamics that govern how the group functions and interacts. This can include aspects such as:
* Group size
* Frequency and duration of meetings
* Leadership style (e.g., leader-led vs. peer-led)
* Rules for participation and confidentiality
* Roles assumed by individual members
* Communication norms within the group
If you're referring to a different context or need more specific information, please provide additional details so I can give a more accurate response.
"Drug and narcotic control" refers to the regulation and oversight of drugs and narcotics, including their production, distribution, and use. This is typically carried out by governmental agencies in order to ensure public safety, prevent abuse and diversion, and protect the health of individuals. The goal of drug and narcotic control is to strike a balance between making sure that medications are available for legitimate medical purposes while also preventing their misuse and illegal sale.
Drug control policies may include measures such as licensing and registration of manufacturers, distributors, and pharmacies; tracking and monitoring of controlled substances; setting standards for prescription practices; and enforcement of laws and regulations related to drug use and trafficking. Narcotic control specifically refers to the regulation of drugs that have a high potential for abuse and are subject to international treaties, such as opioids.
It's important to note that while these regulations aim to protect public health and safety, they can also be controversial and have unintended consequences, such as contributing to drug shortages or creating barriers to access for people who need controlled substances for legitimate medical reasons.
"Street drugs" is a colloquial term rather than medical jargon, but it generally refers to illegal substances or medications that are used without a prescription. These can include a wide variety of drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, and many others. They are called "street drugs" because they are often bought and sold on the street or in clandestine settings, rather than through legitimate pharmacies or medical professionals. It's important to note that these substances can be highly dangerous and addictive, with serious short-term and long-term health consequences.
A Tobacco Industry is a commercial sector involved in the cultivation, production, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products. This can include growers who produce tobacco leaves, manufacturers who process the leaves into various forms (such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco, or snuff), and companies that market and distribute these products to consumers. It is important to note that the tobacco industry has been associated with significant health risks, as the use of tobacco products can lead to a range of serious health problems, including cancer, heart disease, and lung disease.
Needle sharing is the reuse of needles or syringes by more than one person, often in the context of injecting drugs. This behavior is considered high-risk as it can lead to the transmission of bloodborne pathogens such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. It's a significant public health concern due to its association with intravenous drug use.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection is a viral illness that progressively attacks and weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to other infections and diseases. The virus primarily infects CD4+ T cells, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting off infections. Over time, as the number of these immune cells declines, the body becomes increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.
HIV infection has three stages:
1. Acute HIV infection: This is the initial stage that occurs within 2-4 weeks after exposure to the virus. During this period, individuals may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, rash, swollen glands, and muscle aches. The virus replicates rapidly, and the viral load in the body is very high.
2. Chronic HIV infection (Clinical latency): This stage follows the acute infection and can last several years if left untreated. Although individuals may not show any symptoms during this phase, the virus continues to replicate at low levels, and the immune system gradually weakens. The viral load remains relatively stable, but the number of CD4+ T cells declines over time.
3. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome): This is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a severely damaged immune system and numerous opportunistic infections or cancers. At this stage, the CD4+ T cell count drops below 200 cells/mm3 of blood.
It's important to note that with proper antiretroviral therapy (ART), individuals with HIV infection can effectively manage the virus, maintain a healthy immune system, and significantly reduce the risk of transmission to others. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving long-term health outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Law Enforcement" is a term that refers to the system or agencies responsible for enforcing laws and maintaining public order and safety. It is not a medical term. However, I can provide you with some related terms that are used in the medical field:
* Forensic science: The application of scientific methods and techniques to investigations by law enforcement agencies or courts of law.
* Forensic psychiatry: A medical subspecialty that deals with the application of clinical psychiatric knowledge to legal issues, such as determining competency to stand trial or assessing criminal responsibility.
* Forensic psychology: The application of psychological principles and methods to legal issues, such as evaluating a defendant's mental state at the time of an offense.
* Medical examiner/Coroner: A physician who investigates and determines the cause and manner of death in cases of sudden, unexpected or violent death. They are often called upon by law enforcement agencies to assist in death investigations.
A "drug user" is a person who uses or consumes illegal drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine, or misuses prescription medications for recreational purposes or to self-medicate. It's important to note that the term "drug user" can have stigmatizing connotations and may not accurately reflect the complexity of an individual's relationship with drugs. Many prefer terms like "person who uses drugs" or "substance user," which emphasize the personhood and agency of the individual rather than reducing them to their drug use.
It's also worth noting that there is a wide range of drug use behaviors, from occasional recreational use to heavy, dependent use. The medical community recognizes that problematic drug use can lead to negative health consequences, but it's important to approach individuals who use drugs with compassion and understanding rather than judgment. Providing access to evidence-based treatments and harm reduction services can help reduce the risks associated with drug use and support individuals in making positive changes in their lives.
In the context of medicine, risk-taking refers to the decision-making process where an individual or a healthcare provider knowingly engages in an activity or continues a course of treatment despite the potential for negative outcomes or complications. This could include situations where the benefits of the action outweigh the potential risks, or where the risks are accepted as part of the process of providing care.
For example, a patient with a life-threatening illness may choose to undergo a risky surgical procedure because the potential benefits (such as improved quality of life or increased longevity) outweigh the risks (such as complications from the surgery or anesthesia). Similarly, a healthcare provider may prescribe a medication with known side effects because the benefits of the medication for treating the patient's condition are deemed to be greater than the potential risks.
Risk-taking can also refer to behaviors that increase the likelihood of negative health outcomes, such as engaging in high-risk activities like substance abuse or dangerous sexual behavior. In these cases, healthcare providers may work with patients to identify and address the underlying factors contributing to their risky behaviors, such as mental health issues or lack of knowledge about safe practices.
A syringe is a medical device used to administer or withdraw fluids, typically liquids or gases. It consists of a narrow tube, usually made of plastic or glass, connected to a handle that contains a plunger. The plunger is used to draw fluid into the tube by creating a vacuum, and then to expel the fluid when pressure is applied to the plunger. Syringes come in various sizes and are used for a wide range of medical procedures, including injections, wound care, and specimen collection. They are an essential tool in the medical field and are used daily in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings.
Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Prisons" are not a medical term, but rather a term used to describe facilities where individuals who have been convicted of crimes serve their sentences of incarceration. They are run by correctional systems and law enforcement agencies, not healthcare providers or medical organizations.
However, I can certainly provide information about the potential impact of prisons on health and healthcare. Prisons can have significant effects on the physical and mental health of inmates due to factors such as overcrowding, violence, limited access to healthcare services, and the transmission of infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis C. Additionally, many inmates have underlying health issues that may be exacerbated by incarceration, including substance use disorders, mental illness, and chronic medical conditions.
Therefore, it is important for correctional facilities to provide adequate healthcare services to their inmates, not only to meet basic human rights standards but also to promote public health more broadly by reducing the spread of infectious diseases and improving the health outcomes of individuals who will eventually be released back into the community.
Self-help groups (SHGs) are peer-led support groups that provide a structured, safe, and confidential environment for individuals who share similar experiences or conditions to come together and offer each other emotional, social, and practical support. SHGs can be focused on various health issues such as mental illness, addiction, chronic diseases, or any personal challenges. The members of these groups share their experiences, provide mutual aid, education, and empowerment to cope with their situations effectively. They follow a common self-help philosophy that emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility, self-advocacy, and mutual respect in the recovery process. SHGs can complement professional medical or therapeutic treatments but are not intended to replace them.
I apologize for the confusion, but "Police" is not a medical term. It refers to a civil force that maintains order, prevents and detects crime, and enforces laws. If you have any medical terms or concepts you would like me to explain, please let me know!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hungary" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country located in Central Europe, known for its rich history, culture, and natural beauty. If you have any questions about medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to help!
There is no single, universally accepted medical definition of "homeless persons." However, in the public health and healthcare contexts, homeless individuals are often defined as those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. This can include people who are living on the streets, in shelters, vehicles, or other temporary or emergency housing situations. The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, a major federal law in the United States that provides funding for homeless services programs, defines homeless individuals as those who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, and includes people who are living in shelters, transitional housing, or doubled up with family or friends due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or similar reasons.
Sex workers are individuals who receive payment for performing sexual services or engaging in sexual activities with others. This can include various forms of sex work such as prostitution, pornography, stripping, and escort services. It is important to note that the ethical and legal considerations surrounding sex work are complex and vary greatly across different cultures, societies, and jurisdictions.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes that sex workers are a marginalized population who often face stigma, discrimination, and violence. In order to protect the health and human rights of sex workers, WHO recommends that sex work be recognized as a legitimate form of work and that sex workers have access to the same protections and rights as other workers. This includes access to healthcare services, education, and legal protection against abuse and discrimination.
I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "marketing." In general, marketing refers to the activities involved in promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service. This can include market research, product development, advertising, public relations, sales, and customer service. Marketing is used in many industries, including healthcare, to connect with and engage customers, build brand awareness, and increase sales.
Smoking cessation is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. This can be achieved through various methods such as behavioral modifications, counseling, and medication. The goal of smoking cessation is to improve overall health, reduce the risk of tobacco-related diseases, and enhance quality of life. It is a significant step towards preventing lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other serious health conditions.
To my knowledge, there is no widely accepted medical definition for "social networking." However, in the context of public health and medicine, social networking often refers to the use of online platforms or tools that allow users to create and maintain virtual connections with others, share information and resources, and participate in interactive communication. These activities can have various impacts on individuals' health behaviors, attitudes, and outcomes, as well as broader population health.
Opioid-related disorders is a term that encompasses a range of conditions related to the use of opioids, which are a class of drugs that include prescription painkillers such as oxycodone and hydrocodone, as well as illegal drugs like heroin. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) identifies the following opioid-related disorders:
1. Opioid Use Disorder: This disorder is characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. The symptoms may include a strong desire to use opioids, increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when not using opioids, and unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control opioid use.
2. Opioid Intoxication: This disorder occurs when an individual uses opioids and experiences significant problematic behavioral or psychological changes, such as marked sedation, small pupils, or respiratory depression.
3. Opioid Withdrawal: This disorder is characterized by the development of a substance-specific withdrawal syndrome following cessation or reduction of opioid use. The symptoms may include anxiety, irritability, dysphoria, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches.
4. Other Opioid-Induced Disorders: This category includes disorders that are caused by the direct physiological effects of opioids, such as opioid-induced sexual dysfunction or opioid-induced sleep disorder.
It is important to note that opioid use disorder is a chronic and often relapsing condition that can cause significant harm to an individual's health, relationships, and overall quality of life. If you or someone you know is struggling with opioid use, it is essential to seek professional help from a healthcare provider or addiction specialist.
Health policy refers to a set of decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a population. It is formulated by governmental and non-governmental organizations with the objective of providing guidance and direction for the management and delivery of healthcare services. Health policies address various aspects of healthcare, including access, financing, quality, and equity. They can be designed to promote health, prevent disease, and provide treatment and rehabilitation services to individuals who are sick or injured. Effective health policies require careful consideration of scientific evidence, ethical principles, and societal values to ensure that they meet the needs of the population while being fiscally responsible.
"Public policy" is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of politics, government, and public administration. It refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or organization to guide decisions and achieve specific goals related to public health, safety, or welfare.
However, in the context of healthcare and medicine, "public policy" often refers to laws, regulations, guidelines, and initiatives established by government entities to promote and protect the health and well-being of the population. Public policies in healthcare aim to ensure access to quality care, reduce health disparities, promote public health, regulate healthcare practices and industries, and address broader social determinants of health. Examples include Medicaid and Medicare programs, laws mandating insurance coverage for certain medical procedures or treatments, and regulations governing the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices.
Public health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts of society." It focuses on improving the health and well-being of entire communities, populations, and societies, rather than individual patients. This is achieved through various strategies, including education, prevention, surveillance of diseases, and promotion of healthy behaviors and environments. Public health also addresses broader determinants of health, such as access to healthcare, housing, food, and income, which have a significant impact on the overall health of populations.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "public opinion" is not a term that has a medical definition. Public opinion refers to the collective views, attitudes, and beliefs held by a group or society about a particular issue or topic. It is typically formed through interaction, discussion, and various forms of communication within a community or population. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medicine, I'd be happy to help with those!
"Risk reduction behavior" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in the context of public health and medicine, "risk reduction behaviors" generally refer to actions or habits that individuals adopt to minimize their exposure to harmful agents, situations, or practices that could lead to negative health outcomes. These behaviors can help reduce the likelihood of acquiring infectious diseases, injuries, or chronic conditions. Examples include using condoms to prevent sexually transmitted infections, practicing good hand hygiene to avoid illnesses, wearing seatbelts while driving, and following a healthy diet to lower the risk of developing chronic diseases.
I apologize for any confusion, but "prisoners" is not a medical term. It generally refers to individuals who are deprived of their personal freedom and are being held in a prison or jail as a result of being convicted of a crime or while awaiting trial. If you have any questions related to medical terminology, I would be happy to help!
Narcotics, in a medical context, are substances that induce sleep, relieve pain, and suppress cough. They are often used for anesthesia during surgical procedures. Narcotics are derived from opium or its synthetic substitutes and include drugs such as morphine, codeine, fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone. These drugs bind to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain and producing a sense of well-being. However, narcotics can also produce physical dependence and addiction, and their long-term use can lead to tolerance, meaning that higher doses are required to achieve the same effect. Narcotics are classified as controlled substances due to their potential for abuse and are subject to strict regulations.
Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:
Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.
'Alcohol drinking' refers to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as the active ingredient. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that can cause euphoria, disinhibition, and sedation when consumed in small to moderate amounts. However, excessive drinking can lead to alcohol intoxication, with symptoms ranging from slurred speech and impaired coordination to coma and death.
Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The breakdown of ethanol produces acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that can cause damage to various organs in the body. Chronic alcohol drinking can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and increased risk of cancer.
Moderate drinking is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, where a standard drink contains about 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol. However, it's important to note that there are no safe levels of alcohol consumption, and any level of drinking carries some risk to health.
Prostitution is not typically defined in medical terms, but it is a social and legal issue. However, in the context of public health, prostitution might be defined as the act or practice of engaging in sexual activity for payment, which can carry significant risks to physical and mental health, including exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), violence, and psychological trauma.
Prostitution is often associated with marginalization, poverty, and social inequality, and it can be a complex issue that involves questions of personal autonomy, consent, and human rights. It's important to note that the legal and cultural approaches to prostitution vary widely around the world, ranging from criminalization to decriminalization and legalization.
An "attitude to health" is a set of beliefs, values, and behaviors that an individual holds regarding their own health and well-being. It encompasses their overall approach to maintaining good health, preventing illness, seeking medical care, and managing any existing health conditions.
A positive attitude to health typically includes:
1. A belief in the importance of self-care and taking responsibility for one's own health.
2. Engaging in regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and avoiding harmful behaviors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Regular check-ups and screenings to detect potential health issues early on.
4. Seeking medical care when necessary and following recommended treatment plans.
5. A willingness to learn about and implement new healthy habits and lifestyle changes.
6. Developing a strong support network of family, friends, and healthcare professionals.
On the other hand, a negative attitude to health may involve:
1. Neglecting self-care and failing to take responsibility for one's own health.
2. Engaging in unhealthy behaviors such as sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, lack of sleep, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.
3. Avoidance of regular check-ups and screenings, leading to delayed detection and treatment of potential health issues.
4. Resistance to seeking medical care or following recommended treatment plans.
5. Closed-mindedness towards new healthy habits and lifestyle changes.
6. Lack of a support network or reluctance to seek help from others.
Overall, an individual's attitude to health can significantly impact their physical and mental well-being, as well as their ability to manage and overcome any health challenges that may arise.
Harm reduction
Harm Reduction Journal
Tobacco harm reduction
Harm Reduction International
NEXT Harm Reduction
Atlanta Harm Reduction Coalition
National Harm Reduction Coalition
Harm reduction in the United States
Addiction psychology
Responsible drug use
Housing First
Low-threshold treatment program
Language deprivation
Lisa Maher
List of designer drugs
Tobacco smoking
Language acquisition by deaf children
Chemistry of ascorbic acid
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
Transgender sex workers
AIDS Vancouver
Snowball sampling
Opioid epidemic in the United States
Crack cocaine
Richard Elovich
Health effects of tobacco
Cigar
Set and setting
Bill Crews (minister)
Insite
Harm reduction - Wikipedia
Substance Use Harm Reduction | RAND
Indiegogo: Zendo Project: Psychedelic Harm Reduction
Top Harm Reduction Names You Should Know | Psychology Today
Harm Reduction
NIDA Ecstasy Conference Hears Harm Reduction Call
Pediatricians Embrace New Strategy on Firearms: Harm Reduction | MedPage Today
Conferences & Events | National Harm Reduction Coalition
Overdose Prevention Work | National Harm Reduction Coalition
Opioid Overdose Basics - National Harm Reduction Coalition
Harm Reduction
Boundary Spanning Leadership Model Strengthens Oklahoma Harm Reduction Programs | ASTHO
Higher Ground Harm Reduction: A conversation with Christine Rodriguez - Shareable
Harm reduction | AAE
Covenant House Vancouver Harm Reduction Foundations » Vancouver Blog Miss604
New Clinical Data on Vuse Illustrates Beneficial Public Health Impact of Tobacco Harm Reduction | Business Wire
Harm Reduction Client Survey
Accountability and Harm Reduction : Expectations for Excellence : Fraternity and Sorority Affairs : University of Rochester
Harm Reduction | SAGE Publications Inc
Health, Safety & Harm Reduction | Shambhala Music Festival 2023
Covid-19's harm reduction lesson: Ask people to be careful, not perfect - Vox
Underreporting of patient safety incidents reduces health care's ability to quantify and accurately measure harm reduction
The Stonewall Project: 20 years of innovation, support & harm reduction - San Francisco AIDS Foundation
Misoprostol in women's hands: A harm reduction strategy for unsafe abortion - Ipas
General harm reduction | CATIE - Canada's source for HIV and hepatitis C information
Mapping Community Opioid Exposure Through Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a Means to Engage Pharmacies in Harm Reduction...
Harm reduction Archives - Faces & Voices of Recovery
How Can Digital Technologies Help Harm Reduction?
A Few Steps of Healing Using Harm Reduction.elephant journal
Tobacco Harm Redu8
- The research shows a clear difference between those using Vuse compared to smokers and reinforces the reduced risk potential and role of vapour in Tobacco Harm Reduction. (businesswire.com)
- BAT's scientific vapour product data have been published in more than 80 peer-reviewed journals and add to the weight of evidence supporting the category's role in Tobacco Harm Reduction. (businesswire.com)
- The issues related to tobacco harm reduction continue to challenge the tobacco control research and policy communities. (bmj.com)
- Because sin taxes are meant to discourage use, they should not be applied to tobacco harm reduction products such as e-cigarettes. (heartland.org)
- It is interesting Wisconsin lawmakers would even consider taxing tobacco harm reduction products, as the state dedicates less than one percent of tobacco-related moneys on helping smokers quit. (heartland.org)
- The findings are significant as FDA, Congress, and state and local governments attempt to limit the use of e-cigarettes and vaping devices, also known as tobacco harm reduction (THR) products. (heartland.org)
- A tobacco harm reduction approach also considers strategies that would reduce tobacco-related health risks while assuming continued use of tobacco or nicotine-containing products (i.e., those that reduce risks without reducing prevalence of tobacco use or exposure to nicotine). (nationalacademies.org)
- Although tobacco harm reduction strategies could support smoking reduction, the health benefits of doing so remain unclear. (nationalacademies.org)
20231
- Harm Reduct J;20(1): 108, 2023 08 09. (bvsalud.org)
Providing harm reduction services2
- In their communications with decision-makers, staff focused on data demonstrating the positive financial impact of providing harm reduction services and the benefit of limiting the risk of accidental needle sticks for first responders and the community at large. (astho.org)
- These leaders represented a wide variety of organizational types and structures providing harm reduction services in the US, including stand-alone non-profits, fiscally sponsored projects, horizontal collectives, and programs embedded in both county health departments and larger community-based organizations (CBOs). (cdc.gov)
20224
- Join NHRC and the harm reduction community in San Juan, Puerto Rico from October 13-16, 2022. (harmreduction.org)
- Join us in San Juan, Puerto Rico from October 13-16, 2022 for the National Harm Reduction Conference! (harmreduction.org)
- In January 2022, ASTHO engaged OSDH and ODMHSAS staff, members of the Oklahoma Harm Reduction Alliance , Health Minds Policy Initiative , and representatives of the Southern Plains Tribal Health Board , and others in a four-part Boundary Spanning Leadership (BSL) workshop to support program planning and implementation. (astho.org)
- Once the harm reduction programs are in operation later in 2022, disease intervention specialists (DIS) may support the program in the distribution and collection of supplies while conducting their regular duties. (astho.org)
Stigma3
- While harm reduction programs provide a wide range of services, participants focused on the goal of acquiring sterile needles and reducing stigma around these programs. (astho.org)
- The Harm Reduction Client Survey was introduced to obtain more comprehensive and province-wide information about drug use, related harms, stigma, and access to harm reduction services. (bccdc.ca)
- To reduce gambling harm in CALD communities, ECCV recommends taking a public health approach to gambling harm in order to lift the shame and stigma, and remove the responsibility from individuals and families. (eccv.org.au)
20213
- In April 2021, Oklahoma enacted SB 511 , which authorized certain entities to provide harm reduction services, including needle exchange, referrals to mental health and substance use disorder treatment, and education and testing for sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, and HIV. (astho.org)
- Harm Reduction Hacks is the product of a series of 38 qualitative conversations with harm reduction leaders representing every region of the US that took place in the Fall of 2020 and the Spring of 2021. (cdc.gov)
- For Harm Reduction Hacks, two waves of leaders representing every region of the US participated in one-on-one conversations in the Fall of 2020 and spring of 2021. (cdc.gov)
National Harm Reduction Coalition3
- National Harm Reduction Coalition brings people together from around the block and around the globe to explore new strategies, discuss roadblocks to implementations and develop solutions to bring harm reduction to scale. (harmreduction.org)
- National Harm Reduction Coalition creates spaces for dialogue and action that help heal the harms caused by racialized drug policies. (harmreduction.org)
- National Harm Reduction Coalition supports the health and dignity of people who use drugs. (harmreduction.org)
Drugs20
- Portugal has seen success in their harm reduction policies which involved decriminalizing all drugs in 2001 and as a result, the country has experienced a considerable decrease in overdoses, drug-related crimes, and HIV infection. (psychologytoday.com)
- In this case, people are asserting that harm reduction policies are actually enabling drug use and perhaps even encouraging people to take up drugs, though that is manifestly not the case. (freethoughtblogs.com)
- One can argue that the 'War on Drugs' approach actually produces harm, as large numbers of individuals become needlessly incarcerated for simple possession of illicit substances. (homelesshub.ca)
- In some quarters, harm reduction remains controversial, as some believe it means 'giving people drugs', or is seen as denying abstinence as an option. (homelesshub.ca)
- This year, our team at Shareable has been working with Higher Ground Harm Reduction to explore how community-based harm reduction programs (and people who use drugs) are impacted by, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from climate-related and other systems-disrupting emergencies (like the pandemic). (shareable.net)
- Generally, we talk about two sides of harm reduction, one being the practical strategies and interventions that we put in place for folks to stay safer when they're using drugs or trading sex - interventions that were created by people who use drugs and people who trade sex and were later researched and found to be effective. (shareable.net)
- My harm reduction is very political and is grounded in liberation - liberation for folks who use drugs and for folks to live their best lives as safely as possible. (shareable.net)
- Covenant House Vancouver believes that harm reduction is not about enabling people to continue to do drugs. (miss604.com)
- If you choose to use drugs, you can reduce the risks to your health by following simple harm reduction advice. (spunout.ie)
- There are steps that you can take when using drugs to reduce the likelihood of harm and ensure that you and those around you are safe and well both during and after the experience. (spunout.ie)
- Here is some harm reduction advice to reduce the risks associated with using drugs. (spunout.ie)
- Blanchard cites the popularity of online harm reduction spaces, like Reddit's harm reduction forum and Bluelight , an old-school platform to discuss harm reduction and buy drug testing kits, as evidence of the internet's power in supporting people who use drugs. (talkingdrugs.org)
- Harm reduction means aiming at reducing the harm that drugs can cause to users and to the broader community. (druglibrary.net)
- The greatest source of social harm associated with drugs is the black market. (druglibrary.net)
- The Canadian Medical Association fully supports harm reduction strategies to address the adverse outcomes associated with the use of both legal and illegal psychoactive drugs, and recognizes that it is a clinically mandated and ethical method of care. (bcmj.org)
- While harm reduction is often thought of as the provision of sterile injection supplies to people who use drugs or supervised consumption sites, harm reduction approaches are broad-reaching and inform the design and delivery of policy, programs, and services to benefit people who use substances, their families, and the community at large. (bcmj.org)
- Harm reduction best practices in programing involves ongoing, meaningful engagement with organizations led by people who use drugs, and individuals with past or present experience who can provide expert and valuable perspectives. (bcmj.org)
- In Australia, alcohol outcomes from a secondary school harm reduction curriculum covering legal and illegal drugs strengthened the case that such education can not only curb harms, but also reduce consumption. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- This research aimed to analyze speeches and practices of professionals from a Community Mental Health Services for Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad), with special attention to actions from the perspective of the Harm Reduction Policy. (bvsalud.org)
- Title : Hepatitis C Continuum of Care and Utilization of Healthcare and Harm Reduction Services among Persons who Inject Drugs in Seattle Personal Author(s) : Tsui, Judith I.;Miller, Claire M.;Scott, John D.;Corcorran, Maria A.;Dombrowski, Julia C.;Glick, Sara N. (cdc.gov)
Reduce harm3
- The policy statement, AAP's first to address firearms since 2012, emphasizes strategies to prevent injury and reduce harm: "Clinicians should educate themselves and their patients and families about the increased risks of unintentional and intentional firearm injuries and deaths with increased access to firearms in the home and in the community," the document states. (medpagetoday.com)
- Harm reduction is an evidence-based public health and human rights framework that prioritizes strategies to reduce harm and preserve health in situations where policies and practices prohibit, stigmatize and drive common human activities underground. (ipas.org)
- Because tobacco control efforts have focused on promoting abstinence from tobacco products, there is currently little evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use ( IOM, 2001 ). (nationalacademies.org)
Approaches6
- Harm reduction is most commonly applied to approaches that reduce adverse consequences from drug use, and harm reduction programs now operate across a range of services and in different regions of the world. (wikipedia.org)
- In the case of recreational substance use, harm reduction is put forward as a useful perspective alongside the more conventional approaches of demand and supply reduction. (wikipedia.org)
- Non-abstinence treatment and support approaches such as Moderation Management , The Sinclair Method for alcohol reduction , or our work at IGNTD . (psychologytoday.com)
- Harm reduction approaches are often the first step towards the eventual cessation of substance use, and many participants may eventually seek treatment options or abstinence. (homelesshub.ca)
- At the time, the harm reduction philosophy of the program, and the treatment strategies used to help clients, were a radical departure from the traditional drug treatment approaches being used. (sfaf.org)
- Drug dependence treatment is an important part of demand reduction and public health approaches to respond to the issue of the drug dependence. (who.int)
20191
- Correlates of concurrent use of stimulants and opioids among people who access harm reduction services in British Columbia, Canada: Findings from the 2019 Harm Reduction Client Survey. (bccdc.ca)
Overdose5
- Many advocates argue that prohibitionist laws criminalise people for suffering from a disease and cause harm for example, by obliging people who use substances to obtain substances of unknown purity from unreliable criminal sources at high prices, thereby increasing the risk of overdose and death. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers provide a nuanced assessment of America's opioid ecosystem, highlighting how leveraging system interactions can reduce addiction, overdose, suffering, and other harms. (rand.org)
- Marijuana as a replacement substance for opiate users would be another example of reducing the potential harm (overdose and crime ) associated with street opiate use or problematic prescription use. (psychologytoday.com)
- The society offers a low-barrier space with a comprehensive range of culturally appropriate overdose prevention, health education and support services delivered by people with lived experience of substance use to reduce the harm associated with drug use, according to a release. (oakbaynews.com)
- In a new report looking at the overdose epidemic , the organization is also seeking better access to buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, as well as fentanyl test strips, sterile needle and syringe services programs, and other harm-reduction methods to prevent deaths. (medscape.com)
Approach13
- As of 2020, some 86 countries had one or more programs using a harm reduction approach to substance use, primarily aimed at reducing blood-borne infections resulting from use of contaminated injecting equipment. (wikipedia.org)
- Since some adolescents are going to have sex, a harm-reductionist approach supports a sexual education which emphasizes the use of protective devices like condoms and dental dams to protect against unwanted pregnancy and the transmission of STIs. (wikipedia.org)
- Who are the people driving the harm reductionist approach to drug use and what impact have they had on addiction treatment in America? (psychologytoday.com)
- A psychologist who has been a pioneer behind the idea that addiction occurs in the context of a range of experiences and a natural process of recovery is required through a harm reduction approach. (psychologytoday.com)
- Harm reduction is an approach or strategy aimed at reducing the risks and harmful effects associated with substance use and addictive behaviours for the individual, the community and society as a whole. (homelesshub.ca)
- And a harm reduction approach to a person's substance use in the short term does not rule out abstinence in the longer term. (homelesshub.ca)
- Foundations will meet youth wherever they are at on their substance use journey and will take a trauma- and harm reduction-informed approach. (miss604.com)
- Harm reduction has long offered an alternative approach. (vox.com)
- We propose that promoting the use of misoprostol for abortion using a harm reduction approach could dramatically increase access to safer abortions. (ipas.org)
- Harm reduction applied to substance use is a comprehensive, nonjudgmental approach that focuses on preventing harm rather than preventing drug use. (bcmj.org)
- Harm reduction is an approach to help people explore their relationship with substances and behaviours. (ctrinstitute.com)
- A 'harm reduction' approach means not being pro- or anti- medication, but supporting people where they are at to make their own decisions. (madnessradio.net)
- In so doing, the committee applies a harm reduction approach. (nationalacademies.org)
Practices4
- Harm reduction, or harm minimization, refers to a range of intentional practices and public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal. (wikipedia.org)
- There are a wide range of practices that fall under the umbrella of harm reduction. (homelesshub.ca)
- Social media is a powerful tool for promoting harm reduction practices. (talkingdrugs.org)
- By utilising digital media, we can engage people in an interactive and informative manner, which can help to promote harm reduction practices and reduce the harms correlated with drug use," he explained. (talkingdrugs.org)
Drug24
- Harm reduction is used to decrease negative consequences of recreational drug use and sexual activity without requiring abstinence, recognizing that those unable or unwilling to stop can still make positive change to protect themselves and others. (wikipedia.org)
- While the vast majority of harm reduction initiatives are educational campaigns or facilities that aim to reduce substance-related harm, a unique social enterprise was launched in Denmark in September 2013 to reduce the financial burden of illicit substance use for people with a drug dependence. (wikipedia.org)
- Harm reduction typically refers to any non-judgmental, compassionate and shame -free policy, program, or practice that seeks to reduce the harms associated with drug use, compulsive behaviors , potentially dangerous activities and mental health struggles. (psychologytoday.com)
- Decriminalizing drug offenses is another form of harm reduction which aims to help people with an addiction on the path to recovery rather than punishing them and locking them up. (psychologytoday.com)
- On his show Last Week Tonight , John Oliver urged the adoption of harm reduction attitudes and policies when it comes to dealing with drug addiction, viewing it as an illness that needs treatment rather than a moral failing that requires punitive measures for deterrence. (freethoughtblogs.com)
- They provide complimentary, judgement-free drug testing, harm reduction supplies, services and information about safer sex and partying. (shambhalamusicfestival.com)
- Harm reduction programs accept the reality of drug use while attempting to reduce its harmful consequences to individuals and society. (sagepub.com)
- Programs that divert drug-involved offenders into treatment are another example of the operationalization of harm reduction policies. (sagepub.com)
- They also cover controversial topics related to harm reduction, especially conflicts between the public health system where most programs are located, and a worldwide criminal justice system that further marginalizes drug users. (sagepub.com)
- Harm reduction refers to policies, programs and services that aim to reduce the harms associated with drug use rather than eliminate drug use itself. (catie.ca)
- In the midst of the campaign for drug decriminalisation and harm reduction, there's an evident interest in utilising social media, and its widespread accessibility, to ensure that HR information is able to reach as many folks as possible. (talkingdrugs.org)
- Their widespread availability can lessen the harms surrounding drug use. (talkingdrugs.org)
- That is, we need to continue to shift the primary policy focus from prohibition to harm reduction: to rely less on the criminal law to discourage drug use and supply, and more on education, treatment and research to make drug use as safe and responsible as possible. (druglibrary.net)
- We have probably already reached the point at which the laws criminalising drug use represent a real impediment to programmes aimed at minimising the personal and social harm which can be caused by drug use. (druglibrary.net)
- Harm reduction should be the standard against which we measure the success or failure of existing drug laws, and proposals for change. (druglibrary.net)
- The Centre's Harm Reduction Model of Controlled Drug Availability sets out principles for controlled availability which would produce the greatest degree of harm reduction, and sketches some case studies to illustrate what these principles might mean in practice. (druglibrary.net)
- In the immediate future, we should take some less dramatic steps towards reducing drug related harm. (druglibrary.net)
- These social harms result directly from the drug laws particularly laws about drug supply. (druglibrary.net)
- Effectiveness Bank Bulletin [Harm reduction school drug education]. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- PDF (Alcohol prevention: What can be expected of a harm reduction focused school drug education programme? (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- The featured report documented post-programme alcohol-related outcomes from a small study evaluating a harm reduction model of drug, alcohol and tobacco education in Australian secondary schools. (drugsandalcohol.ie)
- it includes a comprehensive package, including needle and syringe programmes, drug dependence treatment (including opioid substitution), HIV testing and counselling, and risk reduction counselling. (who.int)
- A significant but weak association was found between harm reduction behaviors and attitudes toward harm reduction interventions (r = .26, p attitudes toward drug testing kits (r = .33, p (bvsalud.org)
- However, little is currently known about other aspects of injection drug use in Kabul, such as syringe sources or harm-reducing programs. (cdc.gov)
Services12
- While the bill permits Oklahoma's State Departments of Health (OSDH) and Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS) to provide harm reduction services and report metrics, it prohibits using state funds to purchase hypodermic needles. (astho.org)
- Needle exchange will be conducted in conjunction with other valuable harm reduction services, mentioned earlier. (astho.org)
- OSDH staff tailored their messaging about harm reduction services to best resonate with the intended audience. (astho.org)
- But the history of harm reduction is a history of mutual aid - particularly for some of our more well-known interventions between certain services programs and the locks on distribution. (shareable.net)
- Since 2012 the BCCDC Harm Reduction Services program has surveyed clients of harm reduction supply distribution sites across BC. (bccdc.ca)
- Data from the survey is used to inform harm reduction planning, confirm emerging issues, and to evaluate and improve quality of harm reduction services. (bccdc.ca)
- Ask them any health and safety questions you might have, and for directions to harm reduction services. (shambhalamusicfestival.com)
- The program quickly saw success, and over the last twenty years has continued to expand its programming, grow its reach, and innovate its harm reduction services. (sfaf.org)
- Led by Terry Morris, now director of the San Francisco AIDS Foundation 6th Street Harm Reduction Center, The Speed Project (TSP) offered drop-in groups, book clubs, a monthly zine and other services for people who use speed-many who were homeless, marginally housed, or with other competing health and life concerns. (sfaf.org)
- This trust enables physicians to advocate for their patients and to connect them with treatment and harm-reduction services. (bcmj.org)
- Having a drop-in space and peer staff to engage and support them is the best way to connect people with health and harm-reduction services they wouldn't otherwise have access to. (oakbaynews.com)
- These treatment services also try to help decrease the harm associated with substance abuse, particularly HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. (who.int)
20201
- These targets include a 30% reduction in new cases of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and a 10% reduction in mortality by 2020, and ultimately achieving even greater health impact by 2030. (cdc.gov)
Incarceration1
- The most recent Cochrane Collaboration review concurred, stating, "Available evidence suggests an added value of heroin prescribed alongside flexible doses of methadone for long term, treatment refractory, opioid users, to reach a decrease in the use of illicit substances, involvement in criminal activity and incarceration, a possible reduction in mortality, and an increase in retention in treatment. (druglawreform.info)
People13
- Many street-level harm-reduction strategies have succeeded in reducing HIV transmission in people who inject substances and sex-workers. (wikipedia.org)
- Harm reduction aims to provide a safe context for people who struggle with addiction to get help. (psychologytoday.com)
- This can be seen in the classic harm reduction form of safe injection sites and needle exchange programs, which keep people (and needles) off the streets and helps those who are using stay safer and those in the community become less exposed to risk as well . (psychologytoday.com)
- For instance, harm reduction does not exist in opposition to the notion of abstinence and treatment, but rather to a philosophy that sees abstinence as the only option (where people do NOT have a choice). (homelesshub.ca)
- Since harm reduction is about choice, some people may choose not to quit, while others may choose treatment and abstinence. (homelesshub.ca)
- For example, they gathered feedback from people with lived experience when developing materials for people who may use harm reduction sites. (astho.org)
- Harm reduction is really about caring for people. (miss604.com)
- Covenant House Vancouver recently completed a two-year harm reduction pilot project, and the outcomes of this program showed them that it made a real difference in the lives of young people struggling with substance use. (miss604.com)
- Harm reduction is all about fostering positive relationships and letting young people know that their circumstances are not what defines them, that they are worth love and support, that they do have choices, and that we are willing to walk alongside them in their journeys. (miss604.com)
- The driving force behind Shambhala Music Festival's extensive Harm Reduction is simple: 'It's all about the people on the dancefloor. (shambhalamusicfestival.com)
- CBP stated a reduction in hours at Antler posed no big inconvenience because people could just travel to Sherwood or Westhope because hours at those ports aren't being reduced. (sayanythingblog.com)
- That analysis, and the wisdom of people who have between them nearly 500 years of lived experience, are woven throughout the information, tips, and insights in Harm Reduction Hacks. (cdc.gov)
- Wet eldercare facilities are harm reduction arrangements open to people over the age of 50 with long-term substance misuse. (lu.se)
Naloxone1
- Unfortunately, we are at a place where naloxone needs to be available as easily as a first aid kit or a defibrillator in public spaces," said Mukkamala, adding that "policymakers must look at additional, evidence-based harm-reduction strategies to combat the skyrocketing number of overdoses. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis2
- Information on HIV and hepatitis C transmission and prevention, including STIs and safer sex, harm reduction, pregnancy and infant feeding, and microbicides and vaccines. (catie.ca)
- Policies that restrict the distribution of needles, such as one-for-one needle exchange, increase the likelihood that supplies will be shared, and thus limit the effectiveness of harm-reduction programs in preventing hepatitis C virus and HIV transmission. (bcmj.org)
Prevention5
- The Outreach Team is one of our best resource for safety and harm prevention. (shambhalamusicfestival.com)
- Tétrault will "act as a central liaison for the units and groups involved in the prevention and reduction of discrimination, substance abuse, aggression, sexual assault, and other forms of harm," as well as "develop and implement […] educational programming, resources, and events," according to an email sent on behalf of Dyens. (mcgilldaily.com)
- ECCV's submission outlines our findings about gambling harm in CALD communities, how it is experienced, and strategies for prevention. (eccv.org.au)
- Formal harm reduction policies and interventions are needed for Israeli nature rave parties in addition to prevention and information programs, which are also very rare. (bvsalud.org)
- Bully-prevention or harm-reduction programs must address bullying because of PSO. (cdc.gov)
History of harm reduction1
- In these 10 original chapters, international contributors discuss the philosophical basis and history of harm reduction policies and examine their outcome. (sagepub.com)
Principles of harm reduction2
- The principles of harm reduction - neutrality, humanism and pragmatism - present a conceptual framework for making misoprostol information and care available directly to women and make the case for why it is imperative that we do so. (ipas.org)
- This workshop explores the principles of harm reduction, how it works, and to whom it may apply. (ctrinstitute.com)
Behaviors6
- He developed an effective substance abuse treatment program called Integrative Harm Reduction Psychotherapy (IHRP) to address substance use and related behaviors that do not necessarily require abstinence. (psychologytoday.com)
- Substance use, harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among attendees of nature rave parties in Israel. (bvsalud.org)
- Few studies have analyzed harm reduction behaviors and attitudes among rave party attendees. (bvsalud.org)
- This study's aim was to fill the gap and conduct quantitative research to investigate the patterns of substance use, harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among Israeli nature rave party attendees. (bvsalud.org)
- It seems that although we found higher positive harm reduction attitudes , it is harder to implement harm reduction behaviors . (bvsalud.org)
- Future studies should examine the subjects of harm reduction attitudes and behaviors among the public, policy makers and professionals. (bvsalud.org)
Programs12
- Workshop participants established the specific goal of using BSL principles to enhance resources and support for harm reduction programs in Oklahoma. (astho.org)
- SB 511 directed the State Commissioner of Health to promulgate rules for implementing harm reduction programs. (astho.org)
- These kits contain sterile needles other supplies that would be beneficial to harm reduction programs. (astho.org)
- OSDH Sexual Health and Harm Reduction Service (SHHRS) worked closely with EPRS to repurpose these kits to benefit harm reduction programs. (astho.org)
- OSDH staff leveraged both internal and external partnerships to implement harm reduction programs. (astho.org)
- The harm reduction client survey: From small beginnings to influencing harm reduction policy and programs. (bccdc.ca)
- Part II includes five chapters presenting international perspectives from countries with particularly innovative harm reduction programs and policies. (sagepub.com)
- The best-known application of a harm reduction model is in the field of HIV, where needle exchange programs and safe injection centers have been shown to be highly effective in preventing HIV/sexually transmitted infection. (ipas.org)
- 6 ] To enable safe disposal of used injection supplies, the BC harm reduction program provides personal sharps containers and safe-disposal education, while health authorities collaborate with municipalities to provide locally appropriate disposal options, including facilitating peer needle-recovery programs (needle sweeps), and needle-disposal containers in public spaces, health centres, and agencies. (bcmj.org)
- Successful harm reduction programs focus on the needs of clients and embrace client-centred care. (bcmj.org)
- Multicultural and ethno-specific organisations must also be supported to develop relevant and effective gambling harm policies, as well as targeted programs to prevent gambling amongst CALD youth. (eccv.org.au)
- Of IDUs interviewed, all were men, but anecdotal evidence from harm-reduction programs indicated that a few IDUs in Kabul were female ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Broadly2
- Broadly speaking, harm reduction aims to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with activities that may cause harm. (bcmj.org)
- Broadly, harm reduction policies attempt to diminish the damaging effects of a particular behavior without aiming to eliminate the behavior itself. (nationalacademies.org)
Simple harm reduction1
- The society's director of operations Mark Willson said the funding is allowing the organization to provide the accessible drop-in space, and without the funding, it would be reduced to a simple harm-reduction supplies pickup space. (oakbaynews.com)
Access harm reduction1
- Digital technology can be a safe way to access harm reduction resources without revealing incriminating details. (talkingdrugs.org)
Interventions to reduce1
- The burden attributable to alcohol is to a large extent avoidable, and there is much evidence for the effectiveness, including cost-effectiveness, of different strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm. (who.int)
Implement harm reduction1
- Here we outline some immediate steps we should take to implement harm reduction principles in the short term. (druglibrary.net)
Substances2
- Recognizing that abstinence may be neither a realistic or a desirable goal for some users (especially in the short term), the use of substances is accepted as a fact and the main focus is placed on reducing harm while use continues. (homelesshub.ca)
- Opioid exposure was determined by measuring the concentration of opioid metabolites in sewage using LC-MS/MS. Mapping exposure within cities highlights priority substances and areas for tailoring harm reduction efforts. (cdc.gov)
Describe2
- I'm wondering if you can describe what harm reduction is from your perspective? (shareable.net)
- The preceding chapters of this report describe the potential harms of e-cigarette use. (nationalacademies.org)
Substance abuse1
- While in Oman, the team reviewed the draft substance abuse harm reduction protocol and developed a framework for a national policy with a team of psychiatrists, nurses, counsellors and social workers. (who.int)
Framework2
- Participants will learn practical strategies for working with individuals, families, and communities within a harm reduction framework. (ctrinstitute.com)
- This is an intermediate level workshop intended for social service and health care professionals, counsellors, social workers, school personnel, and anyone seeking a better understanding of the harm reduction framework. (ctrinstitute.com)
Evidence4
- The Harm Reduction movement relies on hundreds of organizations working together to implement evidence-based harm reduction strategies in their local communities. (harmreduction.org)
- The evidence is incontrovertible on harm reduction. (vox.com)
- As respected leaders, physicians are well positioned to address community concerns with evidence and to advocate for harm reduction to reduce health inequities and improve the health of marginalized populations across British Columbia. (bcmj.org)
- The evidence is very clear that when you increase availability, you'll increase the consumption and experience of harm," she says. (megaphonemagazine.com)
Prohibition1
- Free Market Solutions in Health: Prohibition or Harm Reduction? (iea.org.uk)
Reductionists1
- Current proposals in Britain and the EU to regulate electronic cigarettes as medical products have highlighted the conflict between the neo-prohibitionists and the harm reductionists. (iea.org.uk)
Spaces1
- Encompassing all aspects of harm reduction from sexual health, a strong medical team, and various safe spaces, the Shambhala Music Festival Harm Reduction team ensures that all patrons, as well as staff, are educated on how to ensure the festival is an accepting and safe environment. (shambhalamusicfestival.com)
Alcohol-related harm1
- But one addictions specialist says the province is moving in the right direction to reduce alcohol-related harm. (megaphonemagazine.com)
Pathway1
- I think that digital technology is going to pave a new pathway forward in harm reduction efforts," Dr. Boyce explained. (talkingdrugs.org)
Policy2
- This paper discusses recommendations from a strategic dialogue held with key, mostly US-based tobacco control researchers and policy makers to develop a strategic vision and blueprint for research, policy and communications to reduce the harm from tobacco for the US. (bmj.com)
- A WHO mission took place from 26 to 30 January 2013 to support the national team in the development of a harm reduction policy. (who.int)
Communities2
- While gambling harm is a major issue across Australian society, there has been comparatively little research into how this problem is experienced in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. (eccv.org.au)
- Existing research suggests that gambling participation rates in CALD communities are lower than average, but rates of excessive gambling and related harm are higher than average. (eccv.org.au)
Decrease1
- Federal and state legislation must be enacted to increase the safety of firearms and decrease access to those at risk for harming themselves or others. (medpagetoday.com)
Addiction1
- Harm reduction moves away from traditional understandings of "addiction" as a disease, and responses that are based on assumed morality and abstinence, or fear and punishment. (ctrinstitute.com)
Opioid1
- Duvallet C, Hayes BD, Erickson TB, Chai PR, Matus M. Mapping Community Opioid Exposure Through Wastewater-Based Epidemiology as a Means to Engage Pharmacies in Harm Reduction Efforts. (cdc.gov)
Supportive1
- Lawmakers should also be more supportive of harm reduction, said the AMA. (medscape.com)
Potential harm3
- The results of the study show that participating Vuse consumers had favourable differences in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of potential harm (BoPH) relevant to smoking-related diseases when compared to smokers. (businesswire.com)
- The data also showed favourable differences between Vuse consumers and smokers across all biomarkers of potential harm measured, with three being statistically significant. (businesswire.com)
- This clinical study of participating Vuse consumers, smokers, former smokers and never smokers provides comprehensive analysis of 17 biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to priority cigarette smoke toxicants, biomarkers of potential harm (BoH) and physiological measures relevant to cardiovascular conditions, respiratory diseases and cancer. (businesswire.com)