Knapsack problem

Even-toed ungulate

Decollate snail

Chital

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4

Cattle - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tokyo Underground

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Livestock

Digestion

Paisius of Hilendar

Foot rot

Nikkur

Regional street food

List of Ultraman Geed characters

Amphistomiasis

Bloating

Feed manufacturing

Domestic yak

Kali tragus

Goat

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Goat

Bovidae

Nikola Stoyanov

Sheep

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Black wildebeest

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Digestion

Beef

Deer

Burned house horizon

Meat

Acidosis10

• Rumen wall biopsies were taken from three fistulated dairy cows under a standard forage-based diet and after 4 weeks of high concentrate feeding inducing a subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). (frontiersin.org)
• Because there is insufficient roughage in the creep ration, the calves experience acidosis and don't feel like eating again until their rumen pH increases. (purinamills.com)
• Rumen acidosis: Is it still a black box? (allaboutfeed.net)
• However, the majority of wheat has been used as feed for poultry and swine, and ruminant producers have been reluctant to use large quantities of wheat because feeding wheat increases the risk of rumen acidosis due to rapid wheat starch digestion in the rumen. (intechopen.com)
• The primary problem appears that wheat starch is highly fermentable and its rate of digestion in the rumen is greater than that of corn and barley grains that increase the risk of rumen acidosis in animals fed high-grain diet [ 1 , 3 ]. (intechopen.com)
• Levucell is also included in the blend to maximize dry matter intakes by stabilising the rumen and reducing the risk of acidosis. (dailypost.co.uk)
• These can lead to ruminal acidosis in which the rumen becomes increasingly acidic. (vegsoc.org)
• HUMER, E./ GHAREEB, K./HARDER, H./ MICKDAM, E./KHOL-PARISINI, A./ZEBELI, Q. (2015): Peripartal changes in reticuloruminal pH and temperature in dairy cows differing in the susceptibility to subacute rumen acidosis. (sparklingscience.at)
• Reticuloruminal temperature in dairy cows is affected by calving day but not by peripartal changes and susceptibility to rumen acidosis. (sparklingscience.at)
• Peripartal dietary changes increase the susceptibility to subacute rumen acidosis in dairy cows but its severity is different in susceptible and tolerant animals. (sparklingscience.at)

Bacteria16

• Feed on plant - cellulose Ruminants Digestion in Ruminants & Rodents Rumen - first & largest compartment - contain bacteria that produced cellulase for the cellulose digestion - function as the fermentation chamber Ruminants. (prezi.com)
• Once these bacteria are introduced into rumen and form stable microflora, methane will be used to form carbon dioxide without affecting ruminal fermentation. (climatetechwiki.org)
• Unlike a human stomach, the rumen is not very acidic, which allows bacteria, protozoans, and a primitive group known as the archaea to thrive there. (adirondackalmanack.com)
• Such foods disrupt the rumen environment causing a die-off in bacteria that allows dangerous fungi to take hold. (adirondackalmanack.com)
• Met and Lys are the first two limiting AA in most feeding situations, it is not surprising given their low concentrations in most feed proteins relative to concentrations in rumen bacteria and in milk and tissue protein (Graph 1). (kemin.com)
• A comparison of lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) concentrations in crude protein CP of lean tissue, milk, rumen bacteria and common feedstuffs (NRC, 2001). (kemin.com)
• It adjusts the rumen microbe population, reducing gas producing bacteria. (donaghys.com)
• In ruminants, feed is digested in the rumen by ruminal bacteria that attach to the surface of a feed particle to digest it. (osu.edu)
• The rate, and extent, of fiber digestion in the rumen is controlled by the amount of surface area that is available for the fiber digesting bacteria to attach. (osu.edu)
• In the rumen of dairy cows a thriving population of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi produce enzymes that break the very complex components of the cell wall into smaller molecules such as glucose. (allaboutfeed.net)
• Cultural methods and some characteristics of some of the more numerous groups of bacteria in the bovine rumen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• The difference is they have this foregut - their rumen - which is before their stomach and it has a whole other community of bacteria and fungi which are specialised in breaking down cellulose - the main molecule which makes up the fibrous bits in plants. (critic.co.nz)
• Their argument was that they are discovering all sorts of weird bacteria and fungi in the rumen, I'd not just be ill but possibly giving myself some kind of virulent bacteria infection. (critic.co.nz)
• The horizontal transfer of expressed genes from Bacteria into Ciliates which live in close contact with each other in the rumen (the foregut of ruminants) was studied using ciliate Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). (biomedcentral.com)
• Individual examples include transfer from Bacteria to Fungi [ 6 ] or Ciliates [ 7 ] in the rumen. (biomedcentral.com)
• Here we investigate HGT from the Bacteria to rumen Ciliates - a monophyletic but rather diverse group of unicellular Eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)

Microbes21

• However, the knowledge about the function of rumen wall microbes is still limited. (frontiersin.org)
• It all starts with the microbes, or bugs, inside of the cows' rumen. (purinamills.com)
• They add up to more than a quadrillion rumen microbes per cow. (purinamills.com)
• Cows don't have the enzymes to digest the fiber they eat, so rumen microbes work together to turn forage into energy and protein that cows can use. (purinamills.com)
• But rumen microbes don't thrive on their own. (purinamills.com)
• The nutrition you provide cows can help maintain an optimal rumen pH, which helps microbes flourish. (purinamills.com)
• In a healthy rumen, the stomach has a good population of microbes, and those microbes are active. (purinamills.com)
• Microbes perform their best when there's a consistent supply of nutrition, which maintains a consistent rumen pH. (purinamills.com)
• Therefore, the process of methane synthesis is implicated with complex symbiotic relationships of ruminal microbes and improper manipulation may break metabolic homeostasis in rumen. (climatetechwiki.org)
• Joblin et al, 1989), so introducing genetically modified microbes favours the homeostasis of microbial diversity and complexity of symbiotic relationship in rumen, avoiding side effects onrumen ecosystems. (climatetechwiki.org)
• Different microbes are needed to break down summer and winter forage as the ecosystem of the rumen changes slowly with the seasons. (adirondackalmanack.com)
• Scientifically developed to stimulate the establishment and activity of healthy microbes in the rumen to enhance digestion, feed conversion and milk production. (donaghys.com)
• A probiotic extract formulation designed to activate beneficial rumen microbes, promote rumen development in young stock, boost Vitamin B12 levels and promote optimal digestion. (donaghys.com)
• This assists the population of good microbes leading to improved rumen condition. (donaghys.com)
• One other advantage of a high CEC in plants is that it also increases the rate at which the rumen microbes digest the feed. (milkproduction.com)
• En analysant des cas de fermentation alimentaire réalisée avec des microbes provenant de l'estomac de ruminants et de vagins de femmes, on dénaturalise le concept de la capacité mammalienne pour explorer l'intérêt des idéologies genrées sexospécifiques qui ordonnent les échanges entre les organismes microbiens pour produire une telle nourriture. (erudit.org)
• One strategy is to review substances that allow beneficial rumen microbes to proliferate and see if the positive effect remains when used in conjunction with palm fat powder. (thebeefsite.com)
• They found that PFP increased dietary energy density while the coated folic acid stimulated the growth of beneficial rumen microbes. (thebeefsite.com)
• Each essential amino acid must be supplied at the intestine from the diet or from the rumen microbes. (milkproduction.com)
• The rumen microbes, undegraded dietary amino acids (from UIP or rumen-protected amino acids) and endogenous amino acids (from sloughed off cells and secretions in the digestive tract) all contribute to the amino acid pool flowing out of the rumen and available for absorption at the small intestine. (milkproduction.com)
• The amount of microbial amino acids produced in the rumen is dependent on carbohydrate availability in the rumen, synchronization of carbohydrate and protein availability, rumen available fat, rumen pH, the rate at which rumen contents turn over, and the types of rumen microbes. (milkproduction.com)

Reticulum5

• Pass out as hard and dry faeces during the day omasum abomasum reticulum rumen rumen Ruminants. (prezi.com)
• The four compartments are rumen, reticumum, omasum and abomasum.In the first two chambers, the rumen and the reticulum, the food is mixed with saliva and separates into layers of solid and liquid material. (experts123.com)
• A cow does not have four stomachs, its stomach is merely split into four compartments called the Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, and Abomasum. (experts123.com)
• In ruminants, maintaining the visceral organs (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine) plus the liver and kidneys can take as much as 40-50% of the energy and 30-40% of the protein consumed in a day. (osu.edu)
• The undigested forage forms a mat layer in the rumen on the top of the rumen fluid, and this mat layer is regurgitated and re-chewed until it is either digested or reduced in particle size to a point where it can pass through the reticulum to the omasum. (osu.edu)

Ruminants9

• Through eructations from individuals, and particularly herds, ruminants inadvertently signal their presence to hard ticks. (biologists.org)
• Hard ticks feeding upon wild ruminants represent significant foci for tick-borne diseases that afflict man and his domestic animals. (biologists.org)
• Given the affiliation of hard ticks for large wandering ungulates such as ruminants, we hypothesised that chemicals eructed from the rumen to the exterior might be significant in mediating their recruitment to suitable hosts. (biologists.org)
• Microbiota of the rumen wall constitute an important niche of rumen microbial ecology and their composition has been elucidated in different ruminants during the last years. (frontiersin.org)
• Most methane emissions from ruminants are synthesised by methanogenic archaea in rumen. (climatetechwiki.org)
• If acetogens that can out compete methanogens in hydrogen intake are selected by genetically modified technology and then form stable microflora in rumen, less methane would be produced from ruminants. (climatetechwiki.org)
• In ruminants, AAs are supplied by ruminally synthesized microbial protein, rumen-undegradable protein (RUP), and to a lesser extent, endogenous protein. (kemin.com)
• Ruminants, on the other hand, produce B12 in the rumen, well ahead of the digestive tract, so it's absorbed, which is why ruminant animal flesh (cows & such) is high in B12. (freetheanimal.com)
• Animal feed products mainly for ruminants, with the fibres having a very positive effect on the rumen but also excellent for the horse´s digestive system. (nordicsugar.com)

Acidic5

• The delicate bacterial balance of a cow's rumen may become acidic and turn septic. (motherearthnews.com)
• The corn it eats creates an acidic environment in the rumen. (sindark.com)
• When hydrogen ions are bound to plant matter rather than free in the rumen, the rumen is less acidic. (milkproduction.com)
• If the ions are chemically bound to the plant rather than free, the rumen will become less acidic. (milkproduction.com)
• This research demonstrates that adding PFP to cattle feed lowers neutral detergent fibre digestibility and makes the rumen less acidic. (thebeefsite.com)

Stomach5

• Cows have a rumen as well a stomach," he adds. (milkproduction.com)
• The rumen is the 'first stomach' of grass eating animals. (sindark.com)
• A deer stomach is divided into four in-line chambers, the first and largest chamber being the fermentation tank or rumen - hence the term "ruminant. (adirondackalmanack.com)
• The first stomach chamber is called the rumen. (experts123.com)
• Sheep and some other livestock species have a rumen as well as a stomach to help with forage digestion. (sheepusa.org)

Cattle17

• Frothy bloat is a serious metabolic disorder that affects stocker cattle grazing hard red winter wheat forage in the Southern Great Plains causing reduced performance, morbidity, and mortality. (frontiersin.org)
• We hypothesize that a microbial dysbiosis develops in the rumen microbiome of stocker cattle when grazing on high quality winter wheat pasture that predisposes them to frothy bloat risk. (frontiersin.org)
• The rumen of cattle, sheep and goats is like a large container in which a mixture of partly digested feed and liquid is continuously fermenting, producing large quantities of gas. (infonet-biovision.org)
• Although cattle are bedded with straw, Mr Manning believes adding chopped straw to rations improves intakes and makes the rumen work harder. (fwi.co.uk)
• The body temperature of cattle rises with rumen fermentation (the microbial breakdown of feed within the rumen). (missouri.edu)
• It is intended primarily for dairy cows, replacement heifers and beef cattle but is also suitable for use in hard feeds for sheep and goats. (donaghys.com)
• Michael Steele from the University of Guelph in Canada was the 2010 graduate winner and won with a groundbreaking research paper that examined the molecular mechanisms underlying rumen epithelial adaption to high-grain diets in dairy cattle. (thepoultrysite.com)
• The heavier, autumn-bought cattle are pushed hard, and are sold as soon after the 90-day Farm Assurance threshold as possible. (dailypost.co.uk)
• Allowing a proper rumen fiber mat to be rebuilt, and bugs to not be depressed due to shipping stress, will allow these cattle to come up on feed in a healthy manner, not necessarily quicker, depending on their risk factor, but healthy and consistent. (progressivecattle.com)
• Additionally, in contrast to cattle being fed grain-based diets, the size of the rumen limits the amount of energy that can be consumed with forage-based diets, and digestible energy intake decreases with increasing forage maturity. (osu.edu)
• In my April column I focused on the principles of protein nutrition in beef cattle with an emphasis on rumen degradable and undegradable protein and on meeting the metabolizable protein needs of the animal. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• Emerging research has demonstrated that using coated folic acid along with palm fat powder in cattle feed can boost growth performance and rumen health without causing negative side effects. (thebeefsite.com)
• Other studies show that folic acid stimulates microbial growth in the rumen and improves overall metabolic rates in cattle. (thebeefsite.com)
• Prokaryote diversity in the rumen of yak ( Bos grunniens ) and Jinnan cattle ( Bos taurus ) estimated by 16S rRNA homology analyses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• Even though urea can be utilized, the cattle may still be short on protein, particularly the protein that bypasses the rumen for use by the cattle (termed rumen undegradable protein or RUP). (thebeefsite.com)
• No other economical source of protein provides as much RUP as distillers though, so it is hard to replace in some cattle growing situations. (thebeefsite.com)
• One of the intestinal environments in which Ciliates have been described is the rumen, a highly specialized foregut differentiation in herbivorous mammals like cattle, sheep and goats. (biomedcentral.com)

Fermentation in the rumen1

• Frothy Bloat is due to the production of a stable foam, which traps the normal gases of fermentation in the rumen. (infonet-biovision.org)

Microorganisms in the rumen2

• From a practical standpoint with unprocessed forages, the large size of mature forage reduces the energy available to the animal, because for digestion to occur, the microorganisms in the rumen must first be associated with the forage, and then attach to the forage. (osu.edu)
• The hydrolysis of these bonds makes the cellulose and hemicelluloses more accessible to microorganisms in the rumen and increases total fermentation and usually the rate of fermentation. (allaboutfeed.net)

Cows6

• An ideal rumen pH also helps cows have optimal digestion. (purinamills.com)
• They calculate that the yield boost from leaving barley the additional three weeks or so in the field to advance from the late-milk stage to the hard-dough stage could provide feed for 23 per cent more cows from the same land base at no extra cost. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• Likewise, oat crops cut at the hard-dough stage could feed 57 per cent more cows than if cut at the late-milk stage. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• The goal when feeding dairy cows should be to maximize microbial amino acid production as much as possible and then, complement the microbial supply with additional amino acids that are expected to escape rumen fermentation. (milkproduction.com)
• In the second experiment, Russian knapweed and alfalfa were compared as protein supplements using 48 midgestation, beef cows (530 ± 5 kg) offered ad libitum hard fescue (Festuca brevipila Tracey) straw in an 84-d study. (oregonstate.edu)
• Four Holstein dairy cows fistulated in rumen were used in the in situ stage. (scirp.org)

Cow's3

• There are three issues: diet, genetics, and the microbiology of the cow's rumen. (milkproduction.com)
• A cow's rumen (and calf's) is an important part of its digestive system. (donaghys.com)
• Ketosis is a very common disease that occurs during early lactation and is due to the cow's metabolism being pushed too hard in order to sustain milk yield. (vegsoc.org)

President Rumen Radev3

• Italy's Foreign Minister Luigi di Maio, who met with Bulgarian President Rumen Radev, stressed that Italy supports Bulgaria's accession to the Schengen area. (bnr.bg)
• President Rumen Radev and Foreign Minister Luigi di Maio discussed bilateral cooperation and the health and social consequences of the Covid-19 crisis. (bnr.bg)
• He reiterated that the anti-graft protests and calls for early polls by the opposition Socialists and President Rumen Radev were undermining the Balkan country's chances of weathering a looming coronavirus crisis that will hit incomes and jobs hard. (reuters.com)

Optimising rumen function1

• Now I question how efficient this approach is for optimising rumen function - something the dairy industry began to query some years ago. (fwi.co.uk)

Forage4

• Forage particles over ½ inch long may reflect a lack of long forage particles to maintain the rumen mat and adequate cud chewing. (gov.mb.ca)
• Several related trials to study the question of later cutting from all sides increase confidence that letting these crops advance to the hard-dough stage improves dry-matter (DM) yield without compromising forage intake, digestibility and digestible energy intake. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• Another key finding from the study involved the rumen, which is an essential organ for sheep to convert plant forage into animal protein. (sheepusa.org)
• Forages are naturally higher in protein used in the rumen (termed rumen degradable protein or RDP), and sorting is a greater concern in forage diets. (thebeefsite.com)

Bypass and intestinal2

• MicroPEARLS® technology provides an effective method for rumen bypass and intestinal release of key nutrients where they can be absorbed more efficiently. (pigprogress.net)
• This technology allows products like LysiPEARL™, MetiPEARL™, and CholiPEARL™ to deliver the core materials of lysine, methionine and choline with a high rate of rumen bypass and intestinal release. (pigprogress.net)

Goat's Rumen2

• 4. Ghurashi, M.A., Seri, H.I., Bakheit, A.H. and Ashwag, E.A. (2009) Effect of Surgical Removal of Foreign Body from Goat's Rumen with Special Reference to Prevalence of Foreign Body in Goats in Southern Darfur. (veterinaryworld.org)
• Because the parallel venation in very young grasses is lower in non-digestible lignin, the micro-organisms in the goat's rumen can break them down rapidly too.The more mature grasses -- the grasses with the higher lignin content -- are harder for the goat's rumen micro-organisms to break down and process into nutrition. (tennesseemeatgoats.com)

Bovine rumen1

• These findings enhance our understanding of the metabolic function of the bovine rumen wall microbiota. (frontiersin.org)

Healthy rumen1

• Bunk sorting should not be taught, and a good fiber mat sets that animal up for a healthy rumen. (progressivecattle.com)

Degradable protein1

• Not only will such programs be short on protein, but they may also be short on rumen degradable protein, a situation I will address below. (canadiancattlemen.ca)

Microbiota4

• Nitrogen metabolism genes, in particular glutamate dehydrogenase (EC:1.4.1.4), glutamine synthetase (EC:6.3.1.2) and glutamate synthase (EC:1.4.1.13, EC:1.4.1.14) were also found to be highly expressed and prove rumen wall microbiota to be actively involved in providing host-relevant metabolites for exchange across the rumen wall. (frontiersin.org)
• Then the genetically modified micro-organisms are introduced back into the rumen ecosystem to establish a relatively stable microbiota that can replace or compete with the original pathway of methanogenesis, to reduce methane synthesis in the rumen. (climatetechwiki.org)
• However, the development of modern molecular biotechnology and gene engineering technology provides a great opportunity for the improvement of rumen microbiota to bring about optimal reduction in methane emissions. (climatetechwiki.org)
• Processing of cereals and phosphorous supplementation modulates rumen fermentation and microbiota in Rusitec. (sparklingscience.at)

Starch6

• Some producers claim that corn hybrids with higher vitreous endosperm will produce starch that is less digestible in the rumen. (pioneer.com)
• In some studies, these are shown to interfere with rumen bacterial access to starch granules. (pioneer.com)
• If the seed and starch pieces are hard, additional grinding or processing may be needed to expose the starch to rumen microbial fermentation or lower gut enzymatic digestion. (gov.mb.ca)
• Animals fed rations containing cereal forages cut at the hard-dough and mature stages had lower rumen pH levels than those fed cereals cut at the late-milk stage, indicating that the additional starch in the later-cut forages is digestible. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• HARDER, H./KHOL-PARISINI, A./ZEBELI, Q. (2015): Treatments with organic acids and pullulanase differently affect resistant starch and fiber composition in flour of various barley genotypes. (sparklingscience.at)
• HARDER, H./KHOL-PARISINI, A./ZEBELI, Q. (2015): Modulation of resistant starch and nutrient composition of barley grain using organic acids and thermal cycling treatments. (sparklingscience.at)

Forages1

• Percent in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) of seven forages was estimated using rumen inocula from three fallow deer (Dama dama), two sika deer (Cervus nippon) and two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the Edwards Plateau region of south-central Texas, 4-5 November 1987. (thefreedictionary.com)

Dairy2

• LysiGEM™ is a rumen-protected lysine that offers a cost-effective solution for balancing amino acids in dairy cow diets. (kemin.com)
• At this stage, the study stands as more of a proof of concept instead of a hard-and-fast nutrition recommendation for dairy farmers. (thebeefsite.com)

Ruminal3

• HARDER, H./KHOL-PARISINI, A./METZLER-ZEBELI, B./KLEVENHUSEN, F./ZEBELI, Q. (2015): Treatment of grain with organic acids modulates ruminal microbial community structure and fermentation patterns at two different dietary phosphorus levels in vitro. (sparklingscience.at)
• HARDER, H. (2015): Assessing the efficacy of processing grain with organic acids and pullulanase to modulate its nutrient composition and improve ruminal fermentation in vitro. (sparklingscience.at)
• The results demonstrate that, when submitted to ruminal incubation, due to their hard and impermeable teguments, legume seeds presented high resistance potential, and, thus, greater chances of germinating after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of bovines, when defecated in pastures. (scirp.org)

Saliva3

• Any disease leading to pharyngeal or esophageal dysphagia may lead to the aspiration of rumen contents, food, water and/or saliva into the trachea and the rest of the respiratory tract. (vetstream.com)
• Evidence appears to be lacking but it is suspected that water or saliva aspiration is unlikely to be as critical as aspirated rumen contents (high foreign body and microbe load) or drugs/ drenches/ milk. (vetstream.com)
• Cud-chewing produces saliva which buffers the rumen and decreases rumen acidity. (milkproduction.com)

Bacterial2

• Two strictly anaerobic, proteolytic bacterial strains, designated strain D3RC-2 T and D3RC-3r, were isolated from a cellulose-degrading mixed culture enriched from yak rumen content. (microbiologyresearch.org)
• The phylogenetic clustering with bacterial genes, coupled with the absence of close relatives of these genes in the Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila , indicates that they have been acquired via Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) after the colonization of the gut by the rumen Ciliates. (biomedcentral.com)

Digestible1

• Beyond rumen bypass benefits, LysiGEM delivers the amount of bioavailable and digestible lysine the ruminant needs. (kemin.com)

Microbiology1

• Microbiology of the Rumen. (milkproduction.com)

Digest4

• It might be hard to digest what these roles actually mean, but it's pretty simple. (purinamills.com)
• If lambs go outside too early they can fill up on grass which is difficult for them to digest and actually delays rumen development compared to eating grain-based feeds. (farmlands.co.nz)
• Their digestion is rather complicated and you could do your own research on it but essentially having four chambers helps break down cellulose, which is a component of grass that is hard to digest. (experts123.com)
• Aside from that, moldy feeds wreak havoc on the rumen fiber mat, destroying the animal's ability to digest fiber and further reducing dry matter intake and performance. (progressivecattle.com)

Fiber4

• We also provide in situ evidence for cellulose and cellobiose degradation, a key step in fiber-rich feed digestion, as well as oxidative stress response and oxygen scavenging at the rumen wall. (frontiersin.org)
• Essentially, deer grow their own food on the fiber in the rumen and then harvest it. (adirondackalmanack.com)
• I realize areas differ in what hay or fiber is available, but when ground cornstalks or hard bean stubble are offered in a fresh receiving ration instead of nice ground grass hay, you have already started that animal on the wrong foot if they won't consume it. (progressivecattle.com)
• It is well known that rumen pH is affected by the amount of fiber in the diet as well as its length of cut. (milkproduction.com)

Undegradable1

• It is also important to remember that while corn grain has a lower level of CP, it also has a higher rumen undegradable protein content than barley grain. (canadiancattlemen.ca)

Microbial protein1

• The NRC (2001) predicts microbial protein production from the amount of predicted digested organic matter in the rumen. (milkproduction.com)

Metabolites1

• Appetence for rumen metabolites represents a fundamental resource-tracking adaptation by hard ticks for large roaming mammals. (biologists.org)

Microflora1

• They all affect the rumen microflora in some way. (slu.se)

Frothy bloat1

• Animals get Frothy Bloat when the rumen becomes full of froth (foam). (infonet-biovision.org)

Digestibility1

• First, digestibility is one of the important factors influencing methane synthesis in the rumen. (climatetechwiki.org)

Micro-organisms2

• The micro-organisms in the rumen can break down the material between the net venation of broadleaf plants more quickly than the material in parallel veined grasses. (tennesseemeatgoats.com)
• Since a goat has a rapid passage rate of material through its rumen, it needs to eat a plant that its rumen micro-organisms can break down quickly. (tennesseemeatgoats.com)

Supplementation2

• Without proper supplementation of the main amino acids, it's hard to reach nutritional goals. (kemin.com)
• In order to reap the benefits of PFP supplementation, researchers have tried identifying substances that can counteract the negative rumen effects. (thebeefsite.com)

Stimulates1

• Initially the distension of the rumen stimulates rumen movements, which makes the frothiness even worse. (infonet-biovision.org)

Protein3

• Go for a lamb feed with a high protein level of 18-20% (to ensure optimum animal growth) and grain based (for easy digestion to stimulate rumen development). (farmlands.co.nz)
• Protein from both corn and barley silage is relatively soluble in nature and thus is readily degradable in the rumen. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• Legume silage is also high in soluble protein which means that it is extensively degraded in the rumen. (canadiancattlemen.ca)

Silage4

• However, when hybrids are harvested as silage - before full kernel maturity - there is only very minimal difference between vitreous (hard or flinty corn) hybrids and floury (soft or dent corn) hybrids. (pioneer.com)
• Corn kernels from corn silage reflect that the seed was too hard for digestion and chewing by the cow. (gov.mb.ca)
• Mature and dry corn silage can cause this observation as grain is hard. (gov.mb.ca)
• Legume silage (i.e. alfalfa or sweet clover) while harder to ensile, is typically superior to cereal silages in terms of CP content, averaging 16 to 18 per cent CP. (canadiancattlemen.ca)

Milk3

• Barley cut for greenfeed or swath grazing at the hard-dough stage rather than late-milk stage give higher yields with no loss in feed quality. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• Work got underway in 2011 with small plots of barley, oat, wheat and millet cut at head elongation, late milk (oat)/early dough (barley), hard dough, and full maturity to confirm the effect of stage of cutting on yield and nutritional characteristics. (canadiancattlemen.ca)
• There were significant differences in nutrient composition from the late-milk stage to the hard-dough stage, but very little change from then to maturity. (canadiancattlemen.ca)

Calf's1

• The grass in the calf's diet provides the much needed roughage for adequate rumen health and optimal performance. (purinamills.com)

Sheep1

• A large international team of researchers has completed the sequence of the sheep genome as part of a study entitled, "The Sheep Genome Illuminates Biology of the Rumen and Lipid Metabolism. (sheepusa.org)

Optimal1

• While the decision problem is NP-complete, the optimization problem is NP-hard, its resolution is at least as difficult as the decision problem, and there is no known polynomial algorithm which can tell, given a solution, whether it is optimal (which would mean that there is no solution with a larger V, thus solving the NP-complete decision problem). (wikipedia.org)

Palate1

• They have a hard palate that helps them grind their food. (wordpress.com)

Hydrogen3

• The reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to form methane is a key step to decrease the hydrogen partial pressure in the rumen, so finding new hydrogen competitor or methane oxidative pathway could reduce methane production. (climatetechwiki.org)
• For example, acetogens can also utilise hydrogen as substrate and have been found to be dominant in kangaroos' rumen. (climatetechwiki.org)
• High concentrations of free hydrogen ions in the rumen cause high rumen acidity. (milkproduction.com)

Ruminant1

• The rumen is densely populated by different microorganisms which are central for the breakdown of plant material which cannot be degraded by the ruminant itself. (frontiersin.org)

Amino acids2

• Rumen microbial amino acids actually contribute about 50-75% of the total amino acids. (milkproduction.com)
• Predicting the amount of microbial amino acids produced in the rumen is difficult. (milkproduction.com)

Adequate1

• Rumen pH normally ranges from 6.5 to 7.0 with temporary dips after eating that are considered normal and a sign of adequate feed quality and feed intake. (canadiancattlemen.ca)

Intake1

• and 3) occupies space in the rumen because of bulkiness, thus limiting intake. (allaboutfeed.net)

Digestive system1

• As a result, "their digestive system is far more complex and hard to understand than ours," he notes. (milkproduction.com)

Barley1

• Findings by a University of Saskatchewan team of researchers with the animal science and crop science departments support changing the recommendation to cutting barley and oat crops at the hard-dough stage for use as greenfeed and swath grazing. (canadiancattlemen.ca)