Haplotypes
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Linkage Disequilibrium
Gene Frequency
Alleles
Polymorphism, Genetic
Genotype
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics, Population
DNA, Mitochondrial
Genetic Markers
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Founder Effect
Case-Control Studies
HLA-DQ Antigens
Microsatellite Repeats
Chromosome Mapping
Genetic Linkage
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Molecular Sequence Data
HLA-DRB1 Chains
Models, Genetic
Pedigree
European Continental Ancestry Group
Base Sequence
HLA-DR Antigens
HLA Antigens
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Major Histocompatibility Complex
Geography
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Association Studies
Phylogeography
Y Chromosome
HLA-DR3 Antigen
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Genes, MHC Class II
Phenotype
HLA-B Antigens
Heterozygote
Recombination, Genetic
Cytochromes b
Chromosomes, Human, Y
Bahrain
Mutation
African Continental Ancestry Group
HLA-B8 Antigen
HLA-A Antigens
Gene Pool
Polynesia
Likelihood Functions
Genes, MHC Class I
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Selection, Genetic
Genetic Loci
Algorithms
Gene Flow
HLA-A1 Antigen
DNA
Ethnic Groups
Indians, South American
Exons
Species Specificity
DNA Primers
Risk Factors
Genome, Human
Asia
Introns
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
HLA-C Antigens
Receptors, KIR
Biological Evolution
Phenylketonurias
Siberia
Inheritance Patterns
Steroid 21-Hydroxylase
Genome-Wide Association Study
Tandem Repeat Sequences
Haploidy
Histocompatibility Testing
Association of polymorphism at the type I collagen (COL1A1) locus with reduced bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and increased collagen turnover. (1/12035)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between a common polymorphism within intron 1 of the COL1A1 gene and osteoporosis in a nested case-control study. METHODS: We studied 185 healthy women (mean +/- SD age 54.3+/-4.6 years). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and fractures were determined radiographically. The COL1A1 genotype was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction and Bal I endonuclease digestion. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies were similar to those previously observed and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: SS 61.1%, Ss 36.2%, and ss 2.7%. Carriage of at least one copy of the "s" allele was associated with a significant reduction in lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.02) and an increased risk of total fracture (P = 0.04). Urinary pyridinoline levels were significantly elevated in those with the risk allele (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data support the findings that the COL1A1 gene polymorphism is associated with low BMD and fracture risk, and suggest a possible physiologic effect on total body turnover of type I collagen. (+info)A novel method for determining linkage between DNA sequences: hybridization to paired probe arrays. (2/12035)
Cooperative hybridization has been used to establish physical linkage between two loci on a DNA strand. Linkage was detected by hybridization to a new type of high-density oligonucleotide array. Each synthesis location on the array contains a mixture of two different probe sequences. Each of the two probes can hybridize independently to a different target sequence, but if the two target sequences are physically linked there is a cooperative increase in hybridization yield. The ability to create and control non-linear effects raises a host of possibilities for applications of oligonucleotide array hybridization. The method has been used to assign linkage in 50:50 mixtures of DNA containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated by 17, 693, 1350 and 2038 bp and to reconstruct haplotypes. Other potential uses include increasing the specificity of hybridization in mutation detection and gene expression monitoring applications, determining SNP haplotypes, characterizing repetitive sequences, such as short tandem repeats, and aiding contig assembly in sequen-cing by hybridization. (+info)The haplotype distribution of two genes of citrus tristeza virus is altered after host change or aphid transmission. (3/12035)
Genetic variability of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was studied using the haplotypes detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of genes p18 and p20 in six virus populations of two origins. The Spanish group included a CTV isolate and subisolates obtained by graft-transmission to different host species. The other included two subisolates aphid-transmitted from a single Japanese isolate. The homozygosity observed for gene p20 was always significantly higher than that expected under neutral evolution, whereas only three populations showed high homozygosity for p18, suggesting stronger host constraints for p20 than for p18. Sequential transmissions of a Spanish isolate to new host species increased the difference between its population and that of the successive subisolates for gene p18, as estimated by the F statistic. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that variation between both groups of populations was not statistically significant, whereas variations between populations of the same group or within populations were significant for both genes studied. Our data indicate that selection affects the haplotype distribution and that adaptation to a new host can be as important or more as the geographical origin. Variation of the CTV populations after host change or aphid transmission may explain in part the wide biological variability observed among CTV isolates. (+info)DYT1 mutation in French families with idiopathic torsion dystonia. (4/12035)
A GAG deletion at position 946 in DYT1, one of the genes responsible for autosomal dominant idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD), has recently been identified. We tested 24 families and six isolated cases with ITD and found 14 individuals from six French families who carried this mutation, indicating that 20% of the affected families carried the DYT1 mutation. Age at onset was always before 20 years (mean, 9+/-4 years). Interestingly, the site of onset was the upper limb in all but one patient. Dystonia was generalized in seven patients and remained focal or segmental in three patients. The absence of common haplotypes among DYT1 families suggests that at least six independent founder mutations have occurred. In addition, one Ashkenazi Jewish family carried the common haplotype described previously in Ashkenazi Jewish patients, but it was absent in the other family. Moreover, the dystonia remained focal in the latter family when compared with the usual generalized phenotype in patients with the common Ashkenazi Jewish haplotype. This indicates that there are at least two founder mutations in this population. (+info)A common MSH2 mutation in English and North American HNPCC families: origin, phenotypic expression, and sex specific differences in colorectal cancer. (5/12035)
The frequency, origin, and phenotypic expression of a germline MSH2 gene mutation previously identified in seven kindreds with hereditary non-polyposis cancer syndrome (HNPCC) was investigated. The mutation (A-->T at nt943+3) disrupts the 3' splice site of exon 5 leading to the deletion of this exon from MSH2 mRNA and represents the only frequent MSH2 mutation so far reported. Although this mutation was initially detected in four of 33 colorectal cancer families analysed from eastern England, more extensive analysis has reduced the frequency to four of 52 (8%) English HNPCC kindreds analysed. In contrast, the MSH2 mutation was identified in 10 of 20 (50%) separately identified colorectal families from Newfoundland. To investigate the origin of this mutation in colorectal cancer families from England (n=4), Newfoundland (n=10), and the United States (n=3), haplotype analysis using microsatellite markers linked to MSH2 was performed. Within the English and US families there was little evidence for a recent common origin of the MSH2 splice site mutation in most families. In contrast, a common haplotype was identified at the two flanking markers (CA5 and D2S288) in eight of the Newfoundland families. These findings suggested a founder effect within Newfoundland similar to that reported by others for two MLH1 mutations in Finnish HNPCC families. We calculated age related risks of all, colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in nt943+3 A-->T MSH2 mutation carriers (n=76) for all patients and for men and women separately. For both sexes combined, the penetrances at age 60 years for all cancers and for colorectal cancer were 0.86 and 0.57, respectively. The risk of colorectal cancer was significantly higher (p<0.01) in males than females (0.63 v 0.30 and 0.84 v 0.44 at ages 50 and 60 years, respectively). For females there was a high risk of endometrial cancer (0.5 at age 60 years) and premenopausal ovarian cancer (0.2 at 50 years). These intersex differences in colorectal cancer risks have implications for screening programmes and for attempts to identify colorectal cancer susceptibility modifiers. (+info)Analysis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene and haplotype analysis: (CCG)1-2 polymorphism and contribution to founder effect. (6/12035)
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is a familial spinocerebellar ataxia with autosomal dominant inheritance. The gene responsible was recently cloned and this disorder was found to be the result of a CAG expansion in its open reading frame. We analysed 13 SCA2 patients in seven unrelated families in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. In four of the seven families, we detected CCG or CCGCCG interruptions in only the expanded alleles. Cosegregation of these polymorphisms with SCA2 patients was established within each family. Together with the results of haplotype analyses, we considered that at least two founders were present in our area and that these (CCG)1-2 polymorphisms may make analysis of founder effects easier. By sequencing analysis we found that although the number of the long CAG repeat varied in each subclone of expanded alleles, these polymorphisms did not change their configuration. This finding suggests that CCG or CCGCCG sequences are stable when surrounded by the long CAG repeat and a single CAG. Moreover, the presence of these polymorphisms may lead to miscounting the repeat size by conventional estimation using a size marker such as an M13 sequencing ladder. Therefore we should consider these polymorphisms and accurately determine the repeat size by sequencing. (+info)Der(22) syndrome and velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome share a 1.5-Mb region of overlap on chromosome 22q11. (7/12035)
Derivative 22 (der[22]) syndrome is a rare disorder associated with multiple congenital anomalies, including profound mental retardation, preauricular skin tags or pits, and conotruncal heart defects. It can occur in offspring of carriers of the constitutional t(11;22)(q23;q11) translocation, owing to a 3:1 meiotic malsegregation event resulting in partial trisomy of chromosomes 11 and 22. The trisomic region on chromosome 22 overlaps the region hemizygously deleted in another congenital anomaly disorder, velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS). Most patients with VCFS/DGS have a similar 3-Mb deletion, whereas some have a nested distal deletion endpoint resulting in a 1.5-Mb deletion, and a few rare patients have unique deletions. To define the interval on 22q11 containing the t(11;22) breakpoint, haplotype analysis and FISH mapping were performed for five patients with der(22) syndrome. Analysis of all the patients was consistent with 3:1 meiotic malsegregation in the t(11;22) carrier parent. FISH-mapping studies showed that the t(11;22) breakpoint occurred in the same interval as the 1.5-Mb distal deletion breakpoint for VCFS. The deletion breakpoint of one VCFS patient with an unbalanced t(18;22) translocation also occurred in the same region. Hamster-human somatic hybrid cell lines from a patient with der(22) syndrome and a patient with VCFS showed that the breakpoints occurred in an interval containing low-copy repeats, distal to RANBP1 and proximal to ZNF74. The presence of low-copy repetitive sequences may confer susceptibility to chromosome rearrangements. A 1.5-Mb region of overlap on 22q11 in both syndromes suggests the presence of dosage-dependent genes in this interval. (+info)Location score and haplotype analyses of the locus for autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, in chromosome region 13q11. (8/12035)
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a clinically homogeneous form of early-onset familial spastic ataxia with prominent myelinated retinal nerve fibers. More than 300 patients have been identified, and most of their families originated in the Charlevoix-Saguenay region of northeastern Quebec, where the carrier prevalence has been estimated to be 1/22. Consistent with the hypothesis of a founder effect, we observed excess shared homozygosity at 13q11, among patients in a genomewide scan of 12 families. Analysis of 19 pedigrees demonstrated very tight linkage between the ARSACS locus and an intragenic polymorphism of the gamma-sarcoglycan (SGCG) gene, but genomic DNA sequence analysis of all eight exons of SGCG revealed no disease-causing mutation. On the basis of haplotypes composed of seven marker loci that spanned 11.1 cM, the most likely position of the ARSACS locus was 0.42 cM distal to the SGCG polymorphism. Two groups of ARSACS-associated haplotypes were identified: a large group that carries a common SGCG allele and a small group that carries a rare SGCG allele. The haplotype groups do not appear to be closely related. Therefore, although chromosomes within each haplotype group may harbor a single ARSACS mutation identical by descent, the two mutations could have independent origins. (+info)Explanation: Genetic predisposition to disease is influenced by multiple factors, including the presence of inherited genetic mutations or variations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. The likelihood of developing a particular disease can be increased by inherited genetic mutations that affect the functioning of specific genes or biological pathways. For example, inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.
The expression of genetic predisposition to disease can vary widely, and not all individuals with a genetic predisposition will develop the disease. Additionally, many factors can influence the likelihood of developing a particular disease, such as environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and other health conditions.
Inheritance patterns: Genetic predisposition to disease can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or multifactorial pattern, depending on the specific disease and the genetic mutations involved. Autosomal dominant inheritance means that a single copy of the mutated gene is enough to cause the disease, while autosomal recessive inheritance requires two copies of the mutated gene. Multifactorial inheritance involves multiple genes and environmental factors contributing to the development of the disease.
Examples of diseases with a known genetic predisposition:
1. Huntington's disease: An autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat in the Huntingtin gene, leading to progressive neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
2. Cystic fibrosis: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to respiratory and digestive problems.
3. BRCA1/2-related breast and ovarian cancer: An inherited increased risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer due to mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes.
4. Sickle cell anemia: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a point mutation in the HBB gene, leading to defective hemoglobin production and red blood cell sickling.
5. Type 1 diabetes: An autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including multiple genes in the HLA complex.
Understanding the genetic basis of disease can help with early detection, prevention, and treatment. For example, genetic testing can identify individuals who are at risk for certain diseases, allowing for earlier intervention and preventive measures. Additionally, understanding the genetic basis of a disease can inform the development of targeted therapies and personalized medicine."
Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can include increased thirst and urination, blurred vision, fatigue, weight loss, and skin infections. If left untreated, type 1 diabetes can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage, nerve damage, and blindness.
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as blood glucose measurements and autoantibody tests. Treatment typically involves insulin therapy, which can be administered via injections or an insulin pump, as well as regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and appropriate lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise.
There are several types of PKU, including classic PKU, mild PKU, and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). Classic PKU is the most severe form of the disorder and is characterized by a complete deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), which is necessary for the breakdown of Phe. Mild PKU is characterized by a partial deficiency of PAH, while HPA is caused by a variety of other genetic defects that affect the breakdown of Phe.
Symptoms of PKU can vary depending on the severity of the disorder, but may include developmental delays, intellectual disability, seizures, and behavioral problems. If left untreated, PKU can lead to serious health complications such as brain damage, seizures, and even death.
The primary treatment for PKU is a strict diet that limits the intake of Phe. This typically involves avoiding foods that are high in Phe, such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products, and consuming specialized medical foods that are low in Phe. In some cases, medication may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms.
PKU is an autosomal recessive disorder, which means that it is inherited in an unusual way. Both parents must carry the genetic mutation that causes PKU, and each child has a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder. PKU can be diagnosed through newborn screening, which is typically performed soon after birth. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent or minimize the symptoms of PKU and improve quality of life for individuals with the disorder.
There are several types of disease susceptibility, including:
1. Genetic predisposition: This refers to the inherent tendency of an individual to develop a particular disease due to their genetic makeup. For example, some families may have a higher risk of developing certain diseases such as cancer or heart disease due to inherited genetic mutations.
2. Environmental susceptibility: This refers to the increased risk of developing a disease due to exposure to environmental factors such as pollutants, toxins, or infectious agents. For example, someone who lives in an area with high levels of air pollution may be more susceptible to developing respiratory problems.
3. Lifestyle susceptibility: This refers to the increased risk of developing a disease due to unhealthy lifestyle choices such as smoking, lack of exercise, or poor diet. For example, someone who smokes and is overweight may be more susceptible to developing heart disease or lung cancer.
4. Immune system susceptibility: This refers to the increased risk of developing a disease due to an impaired immune system. For example, people with autoimmune disorders such as HIV/AIDS or rheumatoid arthritis may be more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
Understanding disease susceptibility can help healthcare providers identify individuals who are at risk of developing certain diseases and provide preventive measures or early intervention to reduce the risk of disease progression. Additionally, genetic testing can help identify individuals with a high risk of developing certain diseases, allowing for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
In summary, disease susceptibility refers to the predisposition of an individual to develop a particular disease or condition due to various factors such as genetics, environment, lifestyle choices, and immune system function. Understanding disease susceptibility can help healthcare providers identify individuals at risk and provide appropriate preventive measures or early intervention to reduce the risk of disease progression.
Haplotype
Haplotype block
Modal haplotype
Haplotype estimation
Haplotype 35
Haplotype convergence
Atlantic modal haplotype
Preimplantation genetic haplotyping
Microfluidic whole genome haplotyping
HLA A1-B8 haplotype
Y Chromosome Haplotype Reference Database
A30-Cw5-B18-DR3-DQ2 (HLA Haplotype)
List of haplotype estimation and genotype imputation software
HLA-DR6
HLA-DR5
HLA-DQ6
Family Tree DNA
Genealogical DNA test
Nanopore sequencing
Genetic genealogy
International HapMap Project
Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
Takabuti
Nam tiến
Self-incompatibility
Ann T. Bowling
HLA-DQ4
Onge
Tag SNP
Apolipoprotein AI
Genome-wide association study identifies new HLA class II haplotypes strongly protective against narcolepsy | Nature Genetics
A generalization of the transmission/disequilibrium test for uncertain-haplotype transmission
Determination of complete chromosomal haplotypes by bulk DNA sequencing | bioRxiv
MSRI | Workshop | Schedules | Haplotype Block Parition and its
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Characterizing Metastatic HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer at the CDH1 Haplotype
Studyof Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation From One Haplotype Mismatch Related Donor or From an Unrelated Donor...
fTakRub1.2 alternate haplotype Jun. 2019 hub 2243217 GCA 901000745.3 CAAJGO020000124.1:863,352-873,352 UCSC Genome Browser v448
The Allele Frequency Net Database [Search HLA Haplotype Frequencies]
bHarHar1 primary haplotype Nov. 2022 hub 2048639 GCF 026419915.1 NC 068969.1:39,017,199-39,027,199 UCSC Genome Browser v448
Salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae) and the invasive M haplotype of Phragmites australis ...
RePub, Erasmus University Repository:
Haplotype of the angiotensinogen gene is associated with coronary heart disease in...
Selection of transformation efficient barley genotypes based on TFA (transformation amenability) haplotype and higher...
Haplotypes in the APOA1-C3-A4-A5 gene cluster affect plasma lipids in both humans and baboons - DOE Joint Genome Institute
A cytosine-thymine (CT)-rich haplotype in intron 4 of SNCA confers risk for Lewy body pathology in Alzheimer's disease and...
HairSplitter: assembling long reads in an unknown number of haplotypes - Inria - Institut national de recherche en sciences et...
New cattle genome overcomes challenges of haplotype assembly - PacBio
Echinococcus Granulosus Haplotypes in the Scientific Literature. | Rev Invest Clin;72(6): 394, 2020 12 22. | MEDLINE
Combining markers into haplotypes can improve population structure inference.
Absence of association between asthma and high serum immunoglobulin E associated GPRA haplotypes and adult atopic dermatitis. -...
Resource locator - data.gov.uk
Mitochondrial DNA | Office of Justice Programs
Haplotype analysis of the TPH gene and association with suicidal behaviour in Russian males and females | Annals of General...
A highly significant association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia. | Read by QxMD
Interleukin-6 haplotypes and the response to therapy of chronic hepatitis C virus infection<...
IMSEAR at SEARO: HLA Antigen And Haplotype Frequencies In Bhargavas And Chaturvedies Of UP (India).
Haplotype analysis of Viviparous-1 gene in CIMMYT elite bread wheat germplasm<...
Gene4
- METHODS: In a cohort of 1785 familial hypercholesterolemia patients, we reconstructed five frequent haplotypes of the angiotensinogen gene, based on four polymorphisms. (eur.nl)
- DISCUSSION: We have discovered a novel haplotype in a CT-rich region in SNCA that contributes to LB pathology in AD patients, possibly via cis-regulation of the gene expression. (duke.edu)
- We examined the contribution of haplotypes in the IL-6 gene on sustained viral response (SVR) to the therapy for chronic HCV infection. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Haplotypes of the Alpha-Globin Gene Regulatory Element in two Brazilian Native Populations. (bvsalud.org)
Genotypes3
- Determining the haplotype phase requires knowledge of both the genotypes at variant sites and their linkage across each chromosome. (biorxiv.org)
- Haplotype phase ("haploid genotype") is the combination of genotypes at sites of genetic variation along a chromosome ( The International HapMap Consortium, 2005 ). (biorxiv.org)
- This study examined associations between HLA genotypes, haplotypes, and homozygosity and protective antigen (PA)-specific cellular immune responses in healthy subjects following immunization with Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA). (cdc.gov)
Frequencies4
- Then, click "Search" to find HLA Haplotype frequencies that match your criteria. (allelefrequencies.net)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: HLA Antigen And Haplotype Frequencies In Bhargavas And Chaturvedies Of UP (India). (who.int)
- Bhargavas and Chaturvedies, subgroups of the major ethnic group of Brahmins were typed for HLA antigen and haplotype frequencies. (who.int)
- To obtain a more complete picture of the PGx alleles present in a diverse US population, approximately 5,000 DNA samples from the population-based NHANES will be tested to determine the PGx allele frequencies of 970 unique haplotypes in 150 pharmacogenes. (cdc.gov)
Polymorphism1
- C polymorphism and the major alleles of the other polymorphisms, had a frequency of 15% and was associated with a 45% increased coronary heart disease risk (P = 0.006) compared to the wild-type haplotype H1. (eur.nl)
Populations2
- We introduce a statistic derived from information theory, the gain of informativeness for assignment (GIA), which quantifies the additional information for assigning individuals to populations using haplotype data compared to using individual loci separately. (scilifelab.se)
- Using GIA as a criterion for combining markers into haplotypes, we demonstrate for simulated data a significant improvement of assigning individuals to candidate populations. (scilifelab.se)
SNPs2
- To utilize such data for population structure inference, we investigate the use of haplotypes constructed by combining the alleles at single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). (scilifelab.se)
- and (iii) a stepwise procedure in which several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are scanned in DNA pools, followed by individual genotyping and haplotype analysis of the relevant SNPs. (qxmd.com)
Alleles1
- While limited associations were observed between individual HLA alleles or haplotypes and variable lymphocyte proliferative (LP) responses to AVA, analyses of homozygosity supported the hypothesis of a "heterozygote advantage. (cdc.gov)
Genetic variation2
- Haplotype phase represents the collective genetic variation between homologous chromosomes and is an essential feature of non-haploid genomes. (biorxiv.org)
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important cytokine involved in the immune response to infectious agents and in vitro studies suggest that host genetic variation, particularly haplotypes, may affect IL-6 expression. (johnshopkins.edu)
Linkage2
- Haplotype linkage can be either inferred statistically from a genotyped population, or determined by long-range sequencing of an individual genome. (biorxiv.org)
- Using a two-loci-two-allele model, we demonstrate that combining markers in linkage equilibrium into haplotypes always leads to nonpositive GIA, suggesting that combining the two markers is not advantageous for ancestry inference. (scilifelab.se)
Inference2
- However, extending haplotype inference to the whole-chromosome scale remains challenging and usually requires special experimental techniques. (biorxiv.org)
- Combining markers into haplotypes can improve population structure inference. (scilifelab.se)
Reads3
- It uses short reads from two parental genomes to partition SMRT Sequencing long reads from an offspring into haplotype-specific sets prior to assembly. (pacb.com)
- Next, long reads are collected from an offspring of the parents to sufficiently cover both haplotypes (e.g. 80-fold PacBio, 40-fold per haplotype). (pacb.com)
- Long reads from the offspring are then binned into paternal and maternal groups based on the presence of the haplotype-specific k-mers and assembled separately. (pacb.com)
Parental1
- In contrast, our long-read method enables the assembly of multi-megabase haplotigs and complete parental haplotypes," the authors write. (pacb.com)
Loci1
- However, for loci in LD, GIA is often positive, suggesting that assignment can be improved by combining markers into haplotypes. (scilifelab.se)
Phase1
- Such situations arise when transmission of a multilocus marker haplotype is considered, since haplotype phase is often unknown in a substantial number of instances. (nih.gov)
Protective1
- This unexpected protective HLA haplotype suggests a virtually causal involvement of the HLA region in narcolepsy susceptibility. (nature.com)
Term1
- The final model included the variables sCD14 and haplotypes and a haplotype x sCD14 interaction term. (cdc.gov)
Species1
- An invasive variety of Phragmites australis (Poaceae, common reed), the M haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into North American salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (Poaceae, smooth cordgrass). (usgs.gov)
Human2
- A coordinated international effort to identify and catalog patterns of linked variations (HAPLOTYPES) found in the human genome across the entire human population. (bvsalud.org)
- The map of human HAPLOTYPES. (bvsalud.org)
Data3
- Initial results show that Iso-Seq data can be haplotyped and is highly concordant with genome phasing results, revealing possible allelic-specific isoform expression," he added. (pacb.com)
- For the many cases that we investigate, incorrect assignment was reduced between 26% and 97% using haplotype data. (scilifelab.se)
- For empirical data from French and German individuals, the incorrectly assigned individuals can, for example, be decreased by 73% using haplotypes. (scilifelab.se)
RESULTS1
- RESULTS: We identified four distinct haplotypes within a highly polymorphic low-complexity cytosine-thymine (CT)-rich region. (duke.edu)
Tool2
- Despite these findings, SP remains a explored emerging lineages of dhps mutant haplotypes in Malawi,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,andTanza- major tool for malaria control when administered as a partner niabyusinganalysesofgeneticmicrosatellitesflankingthe drug with artemisinins and as intermittent preventive therapy dhps locus. (cdc.gov)
- One such tool is the Haplotype Map. (who.int)
Highly2
Long1
- Here we describe a general computational strategy to determine complete chromosomal haplotypes using a combination of bulk long-range sequencing and Hi-C sequencing. (biorxiv.org)
Cover1
- The five haplotypes cover approximately 98% of the genetic diversity accounted for by these four polymorphisms. (eur.nl)
High1
- Absence of association between asthma and high serum immunoglobulin E associated GPRA haplotypes and adult atopic dermatitis. (ox.ac.uk)
Complete1
- Each haplotype is then assembled independently using a new module of the Canu assembler the NHGRI team created - TrioCanu - resulting in a complete diploid reconstruction. (pacb.com)
Specific4
- We showed that a specific haplotype conferred risk to develop LBV/AD. (duke.edu)
- These k-mers are presumed to be specific to the corresponding haplotypes of the offspring. (pacb.com)
- In the case of the cattle, the Angus and Brahman haplotypes aligned to one another with 99.35% identity and contained 25,245 haplotype-specific structural variants and 124 inversion breakpoints. (pacb.com)
- But reliance on short-read sequencing limited the haplotype-specific contigs (haplotigs) to an average size of a few kilobases. (pacb.com)
Individuals1
- median sCD14) had on average 6.94 lower % predicted FEV1 than individuals with the GCCA haplotype and low sCD14 levels (≤ median sCD14, padj = 0.03). (cdc.gov)
Common1
- Since the associated HLA - DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 haplotype is common in the general population (15-25%), it has been suggested that it is almost necessary but not sufficient for developing narcolepsy. (nature.com)
Risk2
- A cytosine-thymine (CT)-rich haplotype in intron 4 of SNCA confers risk for Lewy body pathology in Alzheimer's disease and affects SNCA expression. (duke.edu)
- We demonstrated that the CT-rich site acts as an enhancer element, where the risk haplotype was significantly associated with elevated levels of SNCA messenger RNA. (duke.edu)
Associations1
- The associations between the haplotypes and coronary heart disease were analyzed with the haplo.stats program, adjusted for age, sex and smoking. (eur.nl)