A family of nonmetallic, generally electronegative, elements that form group 17 (formerly group VIIa) of the periodic table.
Light sources used to activate polymerization of light-cured DENTAL CEMENTS and DENTAL RESINS. Degree of cure and bond strength depends on exposure time, wavelength, and intensity of the curing light.
A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.
Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds.
The hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (DENTAL CEMENTS) via exposure to light.
The nonexpendable items used by the dentist or dental staff in the performance of professional duties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p106)
Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.
A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.
Dental cements composed either of polymethyl methacrylate or dimethacrylate, produced by mixing an acrylic monomer liquid with acrylic polymers and mineral fillers. The cement is insoluble in water and is thus resistant to fluids in the mouth, but is also irritating to the dental pulp. It is used chiefly as a luting agent for fabricated and temporary restorations. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p159)
The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.
Any chemical species which acts as an electron-pair donor in a chemical bonding reaction with a LEWIS ACID.
Substances that cause the adherence of two surfaces. They include glues (properly collagen-derived adhesives), mucilages, sticky pastes, gums, resins, or latex.
The mechanical property of material that determines its resistance to force. HARDNESS TESTS measure this property.
A genus of BROWN ALGAE in the family Laminariaceae. Dried pencil-like pieces may be inserted in the cervix where they swell as they absorb moisture, serving as osmotic dilators.
Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.
The field of dentistry involved in procedures for designing and constructing dental appliances. It includes also the application of any technology to the field of dentistry.
Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE).
The use of a chemical oxidizing agent to whiten TEETH. In some procedures the oxidation process is activated by the use of heat or light.
Relatively bright light, or the dazzling sensation of relatively bright light, which produces unpleasantness or discomfort, or which interferes with optimal VISION, OCULAR. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.
Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.
Techniques used for removal of bonded orthodontic appliances, restorations, or fixed dentures from teeth.
The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from TOOTH ATTRITION in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from TOOTH EROSION, the progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes not involving bacterial action. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p2)
The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.
A group of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers containing polyisocyanate. They are used as ELASTOMERS, as coatings, as fibers and as foams.
An adhesion procedure for orthodontic attachments, such as plastic DENTAL CROWNS. This process usually includes the application of an adhesive material (DENTAL CEMENTS) and letting it harden in-place by light or chemical curing.
Materials that have a limited and usually variable electrical conductivity. They are particularly useful for the production of solid-state electronic devices.
The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.
Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.
Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Metal devices for fastening together two or more parts of dental prostheses for stabilizing or retaining them by attachment to abutment teeth. For a precision attachment for a partial denture DENTURE PRECISION ATTACHMENT is available.
Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein. (1/259)

Acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression controls phenotypes involved in colonization, often specifically of higher organisms, in both marine and terrestrial environments. The marine red alga Delisea pulchra produces halogenated furanones which resemble AHLs structurally and show inhibitory activity at ecologically realistic concentrations in AHL bioassays. Evidence is presented that halogenated furanones displace tritiated OHHL [N-3-(oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone] from Escherichia coli cells overproducing LuxR with potencies corresponding to their respective inhibitory activities in an AHL-regulated bioluminescence assay, indicating that this is the mechanism by which furanones inhibit AHL-dependent phenotypes. Alternative mechanisms for this phenomenon are also addressed. General metabolic disruption was assessed with two-dimensional PAGE, revealing limited non-AHL-related effects. A direct chemical interaction between the algal compounds and AHLs, as monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, was shown not to occur in vitro. These results support the contention that furanones, at the concentrations produced by the alga, can control bacterial colonization of surfaces by specifically interfering with AHL-mediated gene expression at the level of the LuxR protein.  (+info)

Degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane by Mycobacterium sp. strain GP1. (2/259)

The newly isolated bacterial strain GP1 can utilize 1, 2-dibromoethane as the sole carbon and energy source. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the organism was identified as a member of the subgroup which contains the fast-growing mycobacteria. The first step in 1,2-dibromoethane metabolism is catalyzed by a hydrolytic haloalkane dehalogenase. The resulting 2-bromoethanol is rapidly converted to ethylene oxide by a haloalcohol dehalogenase, in this way preventing the accumulation of 2-bromoethanol and 2-bromoacetaldehyde as toxic intermediates. Ethylene oxide can serve as a growth substrate for strain GP1, but the pathway(s) by which it is further metabolized is still unclear. Strain GP1 can also utilize 1-chloropropane, 1-bromopropane, 2-bromoethanol, and 2-chloroethanol as growth substrates. 2-Chloroethanol and 2-bromoethanol are metabolized via ethylene oxide, which for both haloalcohols is a novel way to remove the halide without going through the corresponding acetaldehyde intermediate. The haloalkane dehalogenase gene was cloned and sequenced. The dehalogenase (DhaAf) encoded by this gene is identical to the haloalkane dehalogenase (DhaA) of Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 13064, except for three amino acid substitutions and a 14-amino-acid extension at the C terminus. Alignments of the complete dehalogenase gene region of strain GP1 with DNA sequences in different databases showed that a large part of a dhaA gene region, which is also present in R. rhodochrous NCIMB 13064, was fused to a fragment of a haloalcohol dehalogenase gene that was identical to the last 42 nucleotides of the hheB gene found in Corynebacterium sp. strain N-1074.  (+info)

Renal angiotensin I-converting enzyme as a mixture of sialo- and asialo-enzyme, and a rapid purification method. (3/259)

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme [EC 3.4.15.1] was rapidly and highly purified from a particulate fraction of hog kidney cortex with 13% yield. The procedure, which was rapid, included fractionation on DEAE-cellulose and calcium phosphate gel, chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and hydroxylapatite columns, and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column. The purified enzyme preparation gave two protein bands on standard disc gel electrophoresis, but showed a single protein component on the gel after treatment with neuraminidase [EC 3.2.1.18]. The data strongly suggest that the purified enzyme preparation was a mixture of sialo- and asialo-enzyme. Sialic acid residues apparently do not contribute to the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was activated more by chloride ions than by other halide ions tested, using Bz-Gly-Gly-Gly as a substrate. The dissociation constant for chloride ions was determined to be 2.2 mM. Chloride did not protect the enzyme against heat or low pH. The enzyme was resistant to inactivation by trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] and chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1].  (+info)

A possible effect of different light sources on pregnancy rates following gamete intra-fallopian transfer. (4/259)

A retrospective study of 34 sequential gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) procedures suggested a significant effect on pregnancy rates associated with the different laparoscopic light sources, with a pregnancy rate of 50% in 22 cycles using a halogen light source and 9% in 12 cycles using a xenon light source. Other explanatory variables were explored, but none was to have a significant effect on the pregnancy rate. Further investigation revealed that the xenon light source emitted more ultraviolet light than the conventional halogen light source--suggesting a possible detrimental effect of ultraviolet light on the gametes in the GIFT procedure.  (+info)

Induction and prevention of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes exposed to the light of halogen tungsten lamps. (5/259)

Previous studies have shown that the light emitted by halogen tungsten lamps contains UV radiation in the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C regions, induces mutations and irreparable DNA damage in bacteria, enhances the frequency of micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes and is potently carcinogenic to the skin of hairless mice. The present study showed that the light emitted by an uncovered, traditional halogen lamp induces a significant, dose-related and time-related increase not only in micronuclei but also in chromosome-type aberrations, such as breaks, and even more in chromatid-type aberrations, such as isochromatid breaks, exchanges and isochromatid/chromatid interchanges, all including gaps or not, in cultured human lymphocytes. All these genotoxic effects were completely prevented by shielding the same lamp with a silica glass cover, blocking UV radiation. A new model of halogen lamp, having the quartz bulb treated in order to reduce the output of UV radiation, was considerably less genotoxic than the uncovered halogen lamp, yet induction of chromosomal alterations was observed at high illuminance levels.  (+info)

DL-2-Haloacid dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. 113 is a new class of dehalogenase catalyzing hydrolytic dehalogenation not involving enzyme-substrate ester intermediate. (6/259)

DL-2-Haloacid dehalogenase from Pseudomonas sp. 113 (DL-DEX 113) catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of D- and L-2-haloalkanoic acids, producing the corresponding L- and D-2-hydroxyalkanoic acids, respectively. Every halidohydrolase studied so far (L-2-haloacid dehalogenase, haloalkane dehalogenase, and 4-chlorobenzoyl-CoA dehalogenase) has an active site carboxylate group that attacks the substrate carbon atom bound to the halogen atom, leading to the formation of an ester intermediate. This is subsequently hydrolyzed, resulting in the incorporation of an oxygen atom of the solvent water molecule into the carboxylate group of the enzyme. In the present study, we analyzed the reaction mechanism of DL-DEX 113. When a single turnover reaction of DL-DEX 113 was carried out with a large excess of the enzyme in H(2)(18)O with a 10 times smaller amount of the substrate, either D- or L-2-chloropropionate, the major product was found to be (18)O-labeled lactate by ionspray mass spectrometry. After a multiple turnover reaction in H(2)(18)O, the enzyme was digested with trypsin or lysyl endopeptidase, and the molecular masses of the peptide fragments were measured with an ionspray mass spectrometer. No peptide fragments contained (18)O. These results indicate that the H(2)(18)O of the solvent directly attacks the alpha-carbon of 2-haloalkanoic acid to displace the halogen atom. This is the first example of an enzymatic hydrolytic dehalogenation that proceeds without producing an ester intermediate.  (+info)

Mcm2, but not RPA, is a component of the mammalian early G1-phase prereplication complex. (7/259)

Previous experiments in Xenopus egg extracts identified what appeared to be two independently assembled prereplication complexes (pre-RCs) for DNA replication: the stepwise assembly of ORC, Cdc6, and Mcm onto chromatin, and the FFA-1-mediated recruitment of RPA into foci on chromatin. We have investigated whether both of these pre-RCs can be detected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Early- and late-replicating chromosomal domains were pulse-labeled with halogenated nucleotides and prelabeled cells were synchronized at various times during the following G1-phase. The recruitment of Mcm2 and RPA to these domains was examined in relation to the formation of a nuclear envelope, specification of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) replication origin and entry into S-phase. Mcm2 was loaded gradually and cumulatively onto both early- and late-replicating chromatin from late telophase throughout G1-phase. During S-phase, detectable Mcm2 was rapidly excluded from PCNA-containing active replication forks. By contrast, detergent-resistant RPA foci were undetectable until the onset of S-phase, when RPA joined only the earliest-firing replicons. During S-phase, RPA was present with PCNA specifically at active replication forks. Together, our data are consistent with a role for Mcm proteins, but not RPA, in the formation of mammalian pre-RCs during early G1-phase.  (+info)

Effect of Tn10/Tn5 transposons on the survival and mutation frequency of halogen light-irradiated AB1157 Escherichia coli K-12. (8/259)

We show here that the Tn10/Tn5 transposon when inserted into the chromosome of strain AB1157 makes the bacteria more sensitive to and less mutable by halogen light irradiation. These effects are most probably caused by depletion of UmuD and UmuC proteins since: (i) transformation of the transposon-bearing bacteria with plasmids harbouring umuD'C (or umuDC) leads to recovery of the original survival and mutation frequencies; (ii) insertion of Tn10/Tn5 into chromosomal DNA has no effect on the level of mutation induced by ethyl methane-sulphonate treatment, a mutagen whose activity is umuDC-independent; (iii) the decline in survival is in about the same range for Tn10-bearing bacteria as for bacteria with deleted umuDC. However, whereas transformation of bacteria deleted in umuDC with plasmids carrying umuD'C/umuDC leads to full recovery of halogen light-induced mutability, recovery of survival is poor. This suggests that the mechanisms leading to umuDC-dependent mutagenesis and umuDC-dependent protection of cell survival are different. None of these effects occurs in bacteria bearing the Tn9 transposon in their DNA.  (+info)

1. Improper brushing techniques: Brushing too hard or with a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear down the tooth surface.
2. Poor diet: Consuming hard, sticky, or acidic foods and drinks can cause wear on the teeth.
3. Grinding or clenching: Grinding or clenching teeth can cause wear on the opposing teeth, leading to abrasion.
4. Gastric reflux: Stomach acid can wear down the teeth over time.
5. Dental work: Teeth that have undergone dental procedures such as fillings, crowns, or bonding may be more prone to abrasion.

Symptoms of tooth abrasion may include:

* Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
* Pain when chewing or biting
* Unsightly appearance of the teeth
* Chipping or cracking of the teeth

Treatment for tooth abrasion depends on the severity of the condition and may include:

1. Desensitizing toothpaste: Using a toothpaste specifically designed for sensitivity can help alleviate discomfort.
2. Fluoride treatments: Applying fluoride to the teeth can help strengthen the enamel and prevent further wear.
3. Dental fillings or crowns: In severe cases, dental fillings or crowns may be necessary to repair damaged teeth.
4. Changing oral habits: Avoiding hard, sticky, or acidic foods and drinks, and practicing proper brushing and flossing techniques can help prevent further abrasion.
5. Mouth guards: Wearing a mouth guard at night to prevent grinding or clenching can help alleviate symptoms.

It is important to maintain good oral hygiene and visit a dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings to prevent and detect tooth abrasion early on.

Look up halogen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Halogen bond Halogen addition reaction Halogen lamp Halogenation ... ISBN 978-3-12-539683-8. "Halogen". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. "Halogen". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. "halogen , ... Halogen lamps are a type of incandescent lamp using a tungsten filament in bulbs that have small amounts of a halogen, such as ... The word "halogen" means "salt former" (or "salt maker"). When halogens react with metals, they produce a wide range of salts, ...
The halogens are a series of chemical elements. Halogen may also refer to: Halogen (album), by Whitehouse Halogen (band), an ... a type of incandescent light bulb Halogen oven, a type of cooker utilising halogen bulbs Halogen Communications, a UK ... communications consultancy Halogen Foundation, a not-for-profit in Singapore Halogen Software, a Canadian company that provides ... Look up halogen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... cloud-based talent management solutions Halogen TV, a US cable ...
"Allmusic ((( Halogen CD Review )))". Allmusic. Retrieved 25 March 2015. Whitney, Jon. "Whitehouse, Never Forget Death/Halogen ... Halogen CD is the thirteenth studio album by power electronics band Whitehouse, released in April 1994 through their Susan ...
... works with clients in both the public and private sectors. "About Us". Official website (Use dmy dates ... Halogen Communications is an independent communications consultancy based in Edinburgh, Scotland, with an international office ...
Archived 2008-06-22 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved Jun 9, 2008 • Halogen Foundation (Singapore) • Halogen Foundation ... Halogen Foundation (Singapore) is an Institute of Public Character and not-for-profit organization in Singapore whose mission ... Halogen Foundation was started in 1997 in Australia originally called the Young Leaders Foundation. Its hallmark program is the ... Halogen Foundation is endorsed by national leaders of the respective countries. Mr John Howard (Prime Minister of Australia), ...
A halogen oven, halogen convection oven, or halogen cooking pot is a type of oven that utilizes a halogen lamp as its heating ... The Halogen Oven Secret. London: Right Way. p. 13. ISBN 978-0716023036. How I fell in love with halogen ovens Halogen ovens vs ... Your Nuwave Halogen Oven Guide Choosing Low Fat Fryers and Halogen Ovens Risk in Brief - Halogen Oven and Food Safety (Articles ... The Halogen Oven Secret. London: Right Way. p. 11. ISBN 978-0716023036. "Halogen Oven and Food Safety". Center for Food Safety ...
Halogen (1999). "Into the Crash Barrier". Halogen. Retrieved 29 October 2020 - via State Library of Western Australia. Halogen ... Halogen disbanded in the following year. In addition to her work in Halogen, Yee provided vocals on the Pendulum song, "Sounds ... Halogen released three albums, Save the Ones You Love (March 2003), Building on the Edge of the Sky (July 2004) and Sirens ( ... Halogen released a five-track debut extended play, Into the Crash Barrier (1999). They gained national exposure with the track ...
Most biological macromolecules contain few or no halogen atoms. But when molecules do contain halogens, halogen bonds are often ... A halogen bond is almost collinear with the halogen atom's other, conventional bond, but the geometry of the electron-charge ... Consequently halogen-bond propensity follows the trend F < Cl < Br < I. There is no clear distinction between halogen bonds and ... Although all halogens can theoretically participate in halogen bonds, the σ-hole shrinks if the electron cloud in question ...
A halogen lamp (also called tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, and quartz iodine lamp) is an incandescent lamp consisting of a ... Halogen lamps are the heating-elements in halogen ovens and ceramic cooktops. Low wattage halogen lamp arrays are widely used ... Halogen lamps were used for early flat-screen LCD backlighting, but other types of lamps are now used. Halogen lamps do not ... Undoped quartz halogen lamps are used in some scientific, medical, and dental instruments as a UV-B source. Halogen lamps must ...
... is caused by iodides, bromides and fluorides (halogens) that induce an acneiform eruption similar to that observed ...
Les Rechan became Halogen Software's new President and CEO in 2015 after serving as interim CEO and on Halogen's board of ... "HR Tech Briefing - Halogen - Shining a light on value , ZDNet". ZDNet. Retrieved 2016-02-02. "Halogen prepares IPO plans - ... "Halogen Software Soars 15% in IPO Trading Debut: Toronto Mover". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02. "Halogen Software soars ... "Talent Management Provider Halogen Software Expands Into the UK". Recruiter. Retrieved 2016-02-02. "Halogen Software CEO Paul ...
In December 2012, Halogen, along with the Documentary Channel, was acquired by Participant Media and re-branded as Pivot, a ... Halogen TV was an American digital cable and satellite television channel that aired feature-length films, documentaries, short ... Pivot ceased operations on October 31, 2016 folding the former Halogen TV channel space. Angry Planet Art Race Behind the Label ... Halogen TV, "Realscreen", December 17, 2012 Wake Up, Kids: Disruptive TV Is Here Via Participant Media's Pivot Cabler, Variety ...
The halogen dance rearrangement is an organic reaction in which a halogen substituent moves to a new position on an aromatic ... The halogen dance concept can be extended from benzene derivatives to other aromatic systems as well, for instance furan and ... The original halogen dance is the base-catalysed rearrangement of 1,2,4-tribromobenzene to 1,3,5-tribromobenzene in liquid ... The halogen dance rearrangement of iodooxazoles was studied by the Stambuli Group. Schnürch, Michael; Spina, Markus; Khan, ...
The Carius halogen method in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of halogens in chemical ... The halogen present forms the corresponding silver halide (AgX). It is filtered, washed, dried and weighed. This chemical test ... Concentrated nitric acid only oxidises iodine to iodic acid and doesn't affect any other halogens. Even the oxidation of iodine ...
A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond of ... The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: C=C + X2 → X−C−C−X (X represents the halogens bromine or ... leaving each carbon atom with a halogen substituent. In this way the two halogens add in an anti addition fashion, and when the ... At this moment the halogen ion is called a "bromonium ion" or "chloronium ion", respectively. When the first bromine atom ...
"Halogen Group , - -". halogen-group.com. Retrieved 2020-09-30. "Halogen Security Co Ltd - Company Profile and News - Bloomberg ... Halogen Group started in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria and is registered as a private limited liability company as Halogen ... Halogen Group Nigeria formally known as Halogen Security Company is the first indigenous private security company in Nigeria ... "Halogen Security gets recognition from NSE". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 2020-09-30. "Halogen Security bags international award ...
Below lithium-halogen exchange is a step in the synthesis of morphine. Here n-butyllithium is used to perform lithium-halogen ... The presence of alkoxyl or related chelating groups accelerates lithium-halogen exchange. Lithium halogen exchange is typically ... BuBr Zinc-halogen exchange Zinc-halogen exchange: LiBu3Zn + R−I → Li[R−ZnBu2] + BuI Several examples can be found in organic ... Lithium-halogen exchange is a crucial part of Parham cyclization. In this reaction, an aryl halide (usually iodide or bromide) ...
... or low smoke free of halogen (LSZH or LSOH or LS0H or LSFH or OHLS or ZHFR) is a material classification ... When burned, a low-smoke zero halogen cable emits a less optically dense smoke that releases at a lower rate. During a fire, a ... Low smoke zero halogen cable considerably reduces the amount of toxic and corrosive gas emitted during combustion. ... Since the 1970s, the wire and cable industry has been using low-smoke, low-halogen materials in a number of applications. The ...
halogens; III. metalloids ('resemble the metals in certain aspects, but are in others widely different'); and IV. metals. In ...
XYn + MYm → [XYn-1]+ + [MYm+1]− By an oxidative process, in which the halogen or interhalogen is reacted with an oxidizer and a ... Polyhalogen ions are a group of polyatomic cations and anions containing halogens only. The ions can be classified into two ... The polyhalogen ions always have the heaviest and least electronegative halogen present in the ion as the central atom, making ... In all known structures of the polyhalogen anion salts, the anions make very close contact, via halogen bridges, with the ...
Kneen; Rogers; Simpson (1972). "The Halogens". Chemistry. Facts, Patterns and Principles. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-03779-3. ...
"Anion transport with halogen bonds", in Metrangolo P & Resnati G (eds.), Halogen Bonding I: Impact on Materials Chemistry and ... bromine and iodine-sometimes referred to as nonmetal halogens (the term used here) or stable halogens; a set of unclassified ... The nonmetal halogens have electrical conductivity values of from ca. 1×10−18 S•cm−1 for F and Cl to 1.7×10−8 S•cm−1 for iodine ... Noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn; Nonmetal halogens: F, Cl, Br, I; Unclassified nonmetals: H, C, N, P, O, S, Se; Metalloids ...
Those marked with a â–² classify the following 14 elements as nonmetals: H, N; O, S; the stable halogens; and the noble gases. ... the halogens and noble gases. Woolins JD 1988, Non-Metal Rings, Cages and Clusters, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, ISBN 978-0- ...
Oxygen and the halogens tend to form more ionic compounds with metals; the remaining reactive nonmetals tend to form more ... the halogens; and 18, the helium group, composed of the noble gases (excluding helium) and oganesson. Alternatively, the p- ... especially with the highly electronegative halogen nonmetals. The p-block, with the p standing for "principal" and azimuthal ... block can be described as containing post-transition metals; metalloids; reactive nonmetals including the halogens; and noble ...
1. Compounds of Halogens. (in Chinese) Georg Brauer (Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von Marianne Baudler u. a.: Handbuch der ...
1998). "Halogens and their compounds". Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety (4th ed.). International Labour ...
In a 2010 paper, Finlayson-Pitts detailed the role of halogens in reactions of the lower atmosphere. She found that chlorine ... Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. (February 2010). "Halogens in the Troposphere". Analytical Chemistry. 82 (3): 770-776. doi:10.1021/ ...
... a halogen gas is used. Halogens are chemically active. Therefore, when the filament releases tungsten particles, the halogen ... Most theatrical lamps are tungsten-halogen (or quartz-halogen), an improvement on the original incandescent design that used ... Tungsten-Halogen lamps, or T-H lamps, are similar to incandescent bulbs, but instead of an inert gas being used, ... LED instruments are an alternative to traditional stage lighting instruments which use halogen lamp or high-intensity discharge ...
Other halogens behave analogously. This reaction provides a convenient method for precipitating the nickel portion of the toxic ...
". "Dan Jackson on Instagram: "Made it."". "Dan Jackson". Halogen. Retrieved 28 October 2019. Wikimedia Commons has media ...
halogen.png. Next. Previous. Views: 250. Next. File uploaded: 2019/01/06 17:16:46 System Stats: 4,925,648 Files. 429,759 ...
Halogens, a series of non-metal elements that are lethal to living organisms, are commonly used in disinfectants. The halogens ... Halogens, a series of non-metal elements that are lethal to living organisms, are commonly used in disinfectants. The halogens ... The amount of a halogen used in a disinfectant is sufficient to kill microorganisms but not enough to pose a significant risk ...
... which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the presence of halogen additives in waste plastic. We show that the non-contact ... Terahertz Detection of Halogen Additive-Containing Plastics () Tadao Tanabe1*, Yuki Makino2, Akio Shiota2, Mariya Suzuki1, Ryo ... of halogen-based flame retardants and Antimony measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is as shown in Table 1. Also, carbon black ... which enables us to evaluate the presence of halogen additives in waste plastic by the following equation:. n A B S = 0.00 48 x ...
Shop Hayneedles best selection of Halogen Garage & Shop Lighting to reflect your style and inspire your home. Find furniture ... Designers Edge L14SLED 1000-Watt Halogen Twin Head Tripod Work Light with Telescoping Tripod Stand. ... Designers Edge L33 500-Watt Portable Halogen Work Light with Weatherproof Switch - Orange. ...
Custom designed halogen bulb 2800K tungsten color temperature Diffused glass produces soft output 100-watt power draw For use ...
Halogen MR*Halogen PAR*Single Ended*Double Ended*Halogen A-Line*ALR ... Halogen MR*Halogen PAR*Single Ended*Double Ended*Halogen A-Line*ALR ... Osram 64514 120V - 300W 120V Halogen - T6 - GX6.35 Base. 300811. This item is a Osram 64514 120V - 300W 120V Halogen - T6 - ... Stage/Studio Halogen *Stage/Studio Metal Halide *Traffic Signal *UV/GERMICIDAL *Electrical *Ballasts/Drivers *Fixtures *Misc * ...
Tag archive for Halogen. Want more amazing articles related to Halogen? Please subscribe below well notify you when we ...
For example, the Group 17 elements, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, are called the halogens. ... What are the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of the halogens and their compounds? ... For example, the Group 17 elements, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine, are called the halogens. ... What are the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of the halogens and their compounds? ...
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Buy Dedolight Non-Blackened Halogen Lamp (150W/24V) Review Dedolight null ... This 150-watt, 24-volt Non-Blackened Halogen Lamp from Dedolight is a spare or replacement lamp for heads that feature a GY6.35 ...
Nexans has delivered halogen-free and armoured cables for the Thalys network line including the submerged tunnel under the ... All cables must be halogen-free, armoured and had to be delivered immediately. ...
ELC7 bulb OSRAM MR16 250w 24v Long Life Halogen Light Bulb SKU: 54814 $24.99. $1499 ... ELC7 bulb OSRAM MR16 250w 24v Long Life Halogen Light Bulb. SKU: 54814 OSRAM. $1499 $24.99. ... OSRAM Halogen HLX lamps utilize Xenon gas instead of Krypton, which provides up to 10% greater output over the lamps lifetime ... HLX® - Halogen Technology Family - Items tagged as "3200k". .filter-group-dimmable{display:none;}.filter-selected-led-bulbs . ...
Bulbs.com has long lasting halogen replacement bulbs in stock today. PAR and MR reflectors, single ended, capsules, and more. ... Those are the perks of using a halogen lamp. We offer energy-efficient replacement halogen bulbs in numerous styles, including ... Bulbrite, Eiko, and Philips halogen bulbs can all be found in one place. We also carry bulbs of all wattages. Looking for a 50 ... watt halogen bulb, we have it. A 100 watt? We carry that too! ... Fischer 500W 235V Clear T3 Halogen Double Ended…. $49.99 $39.99 ...
Shop for Sylvania Capsylite 14588 45-watt halogen PAR38 lamps. PAR lamp with 2,500 life hours and 560 lumens. Low prices on ... This Sylvania Capsylite 14588 45-watt halogen PAR38 lamp features Sylvanias advanced SPL optics package which combines a ... This Sylvania Capsylite 14588 45-watt halogen PAR38 lamp features Sylvanias advanced SPL optics package which combines a ...
"We still do a lot of halogen on the service side of things-everyone cant go to LED right off the bat," he says. "But were not ... I dont want to have to stock halogen lamps and take up room in my service vehicles and storage to carry a lamp that will ... "LED is much more efficient, lasts longer and is much easier to install and maintain for a contractor than halogen," he says. " ... "As LED prices have dropped, more and more, homeowners have been looking to install LEDs in place of the halogens that would ...
From LED and HID to Halogen our lighting products are all race-tested and adventure-ready. ...
23-10113 - H113 (9008) XTreme White Hybrid Twin Pack Halogen Bulbs ... Home > Automotive Bulbs > Halogen Bulbs > Xtreme White Hybrid > H113 (9008) XTreme White Hybrid Twin Pack Halogen Bulbs Part No ... Halogen Lamps. single lamp. single lens. bulb. wiring harness. relay. switch. 004XT Driving. 412. 30412. 15213. 34085. 33086. ... H13 (9008) Xtreme White Hybrid Twin Pack Halogen Bulbs Headlight Bulb Replacement Guide ...
Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Compounds. Home/Data Sheets/Data Sheets for Specific Technologies/Halogen-Free Flame Retardant ...
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I currently have 6 halogen MR16 12v lights in the bathroom. They are powered by a transformer individually at each... ... So my question, is a 12v LED transformer any different to a 12v transformer for halogen lighting?. I can take a pic of the ... I currently have 6 halogen MR16 12v lights in the bathroom. They are powered by a transformer individually at each light (this ...
But when my OEM halogen bulbs went out. thats 3 sets of bulbs in less than 2 years. I am just wondering. Is this bad luck?? ... I replaced my pass side light bulb about 5 months ago with the same type of halogen bulbs that they come with out of the ... These are the Halogen Reflector Mid-Level headlamps. Excellent condition, no scratches, dings or damage. All mounting tabs are ... 2015 OEM Silverado LT Halogen Reflector headlamps, RH & LH - Sale jbreeds09 posted a topic in For Sale/Wanted ...
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REC272 Mains Voltage Halogen Satin Nickel Fixed Recessed Downlight Special Price £12.86 Was £19.20 ... Halogen bulbs are known to be at least 20% more effective than their incandescent counterparts. Emitting a light of a white ... If youre sick of your electricity bills being so high, it might be time to try out some mains voltage halogen bulbs to replace ... Ideal for the kitchen, living room or passageway in any modern home, halogen bulbs come in a variety of styles and with an ...
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A Double Ended R7s 100 Watt Halogen Linear light bulb that is 78mm long. This lamp runs off mains voltage and is mainly used ... Casell Linear Halogen Light Bulbs *Casell 100 Watt Halogen Linear 78mm 240 Volt ... Halogen. Wattage 100 W. Manufacturer Leading Brand. Light Colour Very Warm White (827). Dimming? Dimmable. Beam Angle 360 ... Halogen lamps are high intensity, optimised lamps giving better efficiency than standard light bulbs. Energy saving lamps are ...
  • It has a T3 lamp shape, and is a halogen bulb. (topbulb.com)
  • Description This 24V/250W tungsten halogen light bulb is most commonly used in applications like projectors and fiber optics. (bulbamerica.com)
  • Looking for a 50 watt halogen bulb, we have it. (bulbs.com)
  • This 150-watt, 24-volt Non-Blackened Halogen Lamp from Dedolight is a spare or replacement lamp for heads that feature a GY6.35 2-pin sockets. (bhphotovideo.com)
  • Those are the perks of using a halogen lamp. (bulbs.com)
  • This Sylvania Capsylite 14588 45-watt halogen PAR38 lamp features Sylvania's advanced SPL optics package which combines a unique spiral-fluted reflector with a patented spiral lens to enhance the performance of the 30-degree beam angle. (1000bulbs.com)
  • I don't want to have to stock halogen lamps and take up room in my service vehicles and storage to carry a lamp that will rarely get used. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • This optical system's features include monocular observation, magnification X10, and the use of an illumination system (3.5-V halogen lamp). (medscape.com)
  • The illumination system includes a halogen lamp (12 V/50 W). The stereomicroscope is expensive, is large and bulky, and is only available in a few centers. (medscape.com)
  • Although using incandescent or halogen bulbs in lamps can give good focused light, be careful with these lights. (medlineplus.gov)
  • OSRAM Halogen HLX lamps utilize Xenon gas instead of Krypton, which provides up to 10% greater output over the lamp's lifetime. (bulbamerica.com)
  • There are too many variables that create liability for us as a company to replace halogen lamps without taking voltage and amperage readings everywhere. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • We offer energy-efficient replacement halogen bulbs in numerous styles, including floods, spots, capsule and tube-shaped bulbs for both home and business. (bulbs.com)
  • Bulbrite, Eiko, and Philips halogen bulbs can all be found in one place. (bulbs.com)
  • They produce high contrast and do not get as hot as halogen bulbs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I currently have 6 halogen MR16 12v lights in the bathroom. (diynot.com)
  • Oxide and peroxide bleaches use non-halogen chemicals for disinfection. (gardenguides.com)
  • As LED prices have dropped, more and more, homeowners have been looking to install LEDs in place of the halogens that would fail at least annually, compared to LEDs that can last six to seven years without failing. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • Therefore the light emitting diodes (LEDs), have been suggested in opposite to halogen light, which can present more advantages. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, the THz refractive index of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) increases in proportion to the content of bromine (Br), which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the presence of halogen additives in waste plastic. (scirp.org)
  • What are the similarities and differences in the chemical properties of the halogens and their compounds? (flinnsci.com)
  • Only for use in approved enclosed halogen fixtures. (ushio.com)
  • Though LED landscape lighting installations are the norm in 2018, some contractors emphasize the opportunity they see in halogen to LED conversions. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • Most landscape lighting customers quickly understand the benefits of converting from halogen to LED, lighting professionals say. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • We typically don't give our clients an option for halogen, especially on systems where we weren't originally a part of the lighting design or installation," Bryant says. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • From LED and HID to Halogen our lighting products are all race-tested and adventure-ready. (kchilites.com)
  • So my question, is a 12v LED transformer any different to a 12v transformer for halogen lighting? (diynot.com)
  • Halogens, a series of non-metal elements that are lethal to living organisms, are commonly used in disinfectants. (gardenguides.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of the two resin composites, a condensable resin (Tetric Ceram) and other flow resin (Tetric Flow), using two light curing units, a halogen light (Ultarlux EL) and a LED (Ultraled XP). (bvsalud.org)
  • The results suggest that halogen light curing unit is more effective than LED. (bvsalud.org)
  • McKay's conversion approach has been a marketing campaign directed at annual service customers and also at homes where McKay did the halogen installation years ago but hasn't maintained an annual contract with the client. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • We still do a lot of halogen on the service side of things-everyone can't go to LED right off the bat," he says. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • McKay has added three to four jobs per month converting halogen systems over to LED. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • But we're not installing halogen systems anymore, and it's harder and harder to find materials to keep those systems going. (landscapemanagement.net)
  • Although using incandescent or halogen bulbs in lamps can give good focused light, be careful with these lights. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They produce high contrast and do not get as hot as halogen bulbs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Personal breathing zone and area sampling was conducted for ammonia, carbon monoxide, halogens (chlorine and iodine), and egg protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Environmental sampling revealed ammonia, carbon monoxide, and halogen levels were well below occupational exposure criteria. (cdc.gov)
  • These include tungsten-halogen lamps, fluorescent tubes, fiberoptic systems, and gallium nitride LED lights. (medscape.com)
  • Halogen-based phototherapy lamps, or spotlights, use a commercially available tungsten- halogen light bulb and direct a strong beam of white/yellow light towards the infant. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore the light emitting diodes (LEDs), have been suggested in opposite to halogen light, which can present more advantages. (bvsalud.org)
  • The light curing of resin composite by halogen light is frequent in dental. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of the two resin composites, a condensable resin (Tetric Ceram) and other flow resin (Tetric Flow), using two light curing units, a halogen light (Ultarlux EL) and a LED (Ultraled XP). (bvsalud.org)
  • The results suggest that halogen light curing unit is more effective than LED. (bvsalud.org)
  • Organic halogens in the environment: studies of environmental biodegradability and human exposure. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, due to the associated heat output, halogen lights may result in increased insensible water loss in infants receiving phototherapy. (medscape.com)