Hair follicle. Medical search

A tube-like invagination of the EPIDERMIS from which the hair shaft develops and into which SEBACEOUS GLANDS open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. (Stedman, 26th ed) Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the SKIN.

A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Diseases affecting the orderly growth and persistence of hair.

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

Methods used to remove unwanted facial and body hair.

Small, sacculated organs found within the DERMIS. Each gland has a single duct that emerges from a cluster of oval alveoli. Each alveolus consists of a transparent BASEMENT MEMBRANE enclosing epithelial cells. The ducts from most sebaceous glands open into a HAIR FOLLICLE, but some open on the general surface of the SKIN. Sebaceous glands secrete SEBUM.

The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).

Color of hair or fur.

Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

A type I keratin found in the basal layer of the adult epidermis and in other stratified epithelia.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

A layer of vascularized connective tissue underneath the EPIDERMIS. The surface of the dermis contains innervated papillae. Embedded in or beneath the dermis are SWEAT GLANDS; HAIR FOLLICLES; and SEBACEOUS GLANDS.

Keratins that are specific for hard tissues such as HAIR; NAILS; and the filiform papillae of the TONGUE.

Transmembrane proteins belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that play an essential role in the normal development of several ectodermally derived organs. Several isoforms of the ectodysplasins exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the MRNA for the protein. The isoforms ectodysplasin A1 and ectodysplasin A2 are considered biologically active and each bind distinct ECTODYSPLASIN RECEPTORS. Genetic mutations that result in loss of function of ectodysplasin result in ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA 1, ANHIDROTIC.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

Auditory sensory cells of organ of Corti, usually placed in one row medially to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus). Inner hair cells are in fewer numbers than the OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS, and their STEREOCILIA are approximately twice as thick as those of the outer hair cells.

Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.

Mammalian pigment cells that produce MELANINS, pigments found mainly in the EPIDERMIS, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called MELANOSOMES. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called MELANOPHORES.

Dyes used as cosmetics to change hair color either permanently or temporarily.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Sensory cells in the acoustic maculae with their apical STEREOCILIA embedded in a gelatinous OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE. These hair cells are stimulated by the movement of otolithic membrane, and impulses are transmitted via the VESTIBULAR NERVE to the BRAIN STEM. Hair cells in the saccule and those in the utricle sense linear acceleration in vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

Hair grooming, cleansing and modifying products meant for topical application to hair, usually human. They include sprays, bleaches, dyes, conditioners, rinses, shampoos, nutrient lotions, etc.

The flattened stroma cells forming a sheath or theca outside the basal lamina lining the mature OVARIAN FOLLICLE. Thecal interstitial or stromal cells are steroidogenic, and produce primarily ANDROGENS which serve as precusors of ESTROGENS in the GRANULOSA CELLS.

Sensory cells of organ of Corti. In mammals, they are usually arranged in three or four rows, and away from the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), lateral to the INNER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and other supporting structures. Their cell bodies and STEREOCILIA increase in length from the cochlear base toward the apex and laterally across the rows, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.

Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A type I keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-5 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the gene for keratin-14 are associated with EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX.

A keratin subtype that includes keratins that are generally larger and less acidic that TYPE I KERATINS. Type II keratins combine with type I keratins to form keratin filaments.

Stiff hairs projecting from the face around the nose of most mammals, acting as touch receptors.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.

Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.

The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor that acts as a specific signaling adaptor protein for the EDAR RECEPTOR and plays an important role in ectodermal development. It binds to edar receptor via its C-terminal death domain region and to other specific TNF receptor-associated factors via its N-terminal domain. Loss of function of edar-associated death domain protein is associated with AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE ANHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA.

The grafting of skin in humans or animals from one site to another to replace a lost portion of the body surface skin.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action.

Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the DERMIS. Each gland consists of a single tube, a coiled body, and a superficial duct.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.

The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

Specialized stem cells that are committed to give rise to cells that have a particular function; examples are MYOBLASTS; MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS; and skin stem cells. (Stem Cells: A Primer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 2000 May [cited 2002 Apr 5]. Available from: http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm)

A tumor composed of cells resembling those of the hair matrix, which undergo 'mummification' and may calcify. It is a relatively uncommon tumor, which may occur at any age from infancy. The majority of patients are under 20, and females are affected more than males. The lesion is usually a solitary deep dermal or subcutaneous tumor 3-30 mm in diameter, situated in the head, neck, or upper extremity. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2401)

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.

A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.

A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

Filaments 7-11 nm in diameter found in the cytoplasm of all cells. Many specific proteins belong to this group, e.g., desmin, vimentin, prekeratin, decamin, skeletin, neurofilin, neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acid protein.

Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371)

A T-cell factor that plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

A fibroblast growth factor that may play a role in regulation of HAIR FOLLICLE phenotype. Spontaneous mutation of the gene for this protein results in a strain of MICE with abnormally long hair, referred to as angora mice.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.

Simple sweat glands that secrete sweat directly onto the SKIN.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the INNER EAR. The saccule communicates with COCHLEAR DUCT through the ductus reuniens, and communicates with utricle through the utriculosaccular duct from which the ENDOLYMPHATIC DUCT arises. The utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the VESTIBULAR NERVE.

Modified epidermal cells located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute, such as the fingertips. Merkel cells are closely associated with an expanded terminal bulb of an afferent myelinated nerve fiber. Do not confuse with Merkel's corpuscle which is a combination of a neuron and an epidermal cell.

A type II keratin that is found associated with the KERATIN-14 in the internal stratified EPITHELIUM. Mutations in the gene for keratin-5 are associated with EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX.

The oily substance secreted by SEBACEOUS GLANDS. It is composed of KERATIN, fat, and cellular debris.

A complex signaling pathway whose name is derived from the DROSOPHILA Wg gene, which when mutated results in the wingless phenotype, and the vertebrate INT gene, which is located near integration sites of MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR VIRUS. The signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of WNT PROTEINS to cells surface WNT RECEPTORS which interact with the AXIN SIGNALING COMPLEX and an array of second messengers that influence the actions of BETA CATENIN.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A keratin subtype that includes keratins that are generally smaller and more acidic that TYPE II KERATINS. Type I keratins combine with type II keratins to form keratin filaments.

The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

Coloration of the skin.

A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TESTES. In the absence of this hormone, the Mullerian ducts develop into structures of the female reproductive tract. In males, defects of this hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct, a form of MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM.

Cell surface proteins that bind FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles.

An integrin alpha subunit that primarily associates with INTEGRIN BETA1 or INTEGRIN BETA4 to form laminin-binding heterodimers. Integrin alpha6 has two alternatively spliced isoforms: integrin alpha6A and integrin alpha6B, which differ in their cytoplasmic domains and are regulated in a tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific manner.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

Mutant strains of mice that produce little or no hair.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The spiral EPITHELIUM containing sensory AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and supporting cells in the cochlea. Organ of Corti, situated on the BASILAR MEMBRANE and overlaid by a gelatinous TECTORIAL MEMBRANE, converts sound-induced mechanical waves to neural impulses to the brain.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Highly keratinized processes that are sharp and curved, or flat with pointed margins. They are found especially at the end of the limbs in certain animals.

Dense fibrous layer formed from mesodermal tissue that surrounds the epithelial enamel organ. The cells eventually migrate to the external surface of the newly formed root dentin and give rise to the cementoblasts that deposit cementum on the developing root, fibroblasts of the developing periodontal ligament, and osteoblasts of the developing alveolar bone.

The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS; ESTRUS; METESTRUS; DIESTRUS; and ANESTRUS).

Diverse developing mouse lineages exhibit high-level c-Myb expression in immature cells and loss of expression upon differentiation. (1/1203)

The c-myb gene encodes a sequence specific transactivator that is required for fetal hematopoiesis, but its potential role in other tissues is less clear because of the early fetal demise of mice with targeted deletions of the c-myb gene and incomplete of knowledge about c-myb's expression pattern. In the hematopoietic system, c-Myb protein acts on target genes whose expression is restricted to individual lineages, despite Myb's presence and role in multiple immature lineages. This suggests that c-Myb actions within different cell type-specific contexts are strongly affected by combinatorial interactions. To consider the possibility of similar c-Myb actions could extend into non-hematopoietic systems in other cell and tissue compartments, we characterized c-myb expression in developing and adult mice using in situ hybridization and correlated this with stage-specific differentiation and mitotic activity. Diverse tissues exhibited strong c-myb expression during development, notably tooth buds, the thyroid primordium, developing trachea and proximal branching airway epithelium, hair follicles, hematopoietic cells, and gastrointestinal crypt epithelial cells. The latter three of these all maintained high expression into adulthood, but with characteristic restriction to immature cell lineages prior to their terminal differentiation. In all sites, during fetal and adult stages, loss of c-Myb expression correlated strikingly with the initiation of terminal differentiation, but not the loss of mitotic activity. Based on these data, we hypothesize that c-Myb's function during cellular differentiation is both an activator of immature gene expression and a suppressor of terminal differentiation in diverse lineages. (+info)

WNT signaling in the control of hair growth and structure. (2/1203)

Characterization of the molecular pathways controlling differentiation and proliferation in mammalian hair follicles is central to our understanding of the regulation of normal hair growth, the basis of hereditary hair loss diseases, and the origin of follicle-based tumors. We demonstrate that the proto-oncogene Wnt3, which encodes a secreted paracrine signaling molecule, is expressed in developing and mature hair follicles and that its overexpression in transgenic mouse skin causes a short-hair phenotype due to altered differentiation of hair shaft precursor cells, and cyclical balding resulting from hair shaft structural defects and associated with an abnormal profile of protein expression in the hair shaft. A putative effector molecule for WNT3 signaling, the cytoplasmic protein Dishevelled 2 (DVL2), is normally present at high levels in a subset of cells in the outer root sheath and in precursor cells of the hair shaft cortex and cuticle which lie immediately adjacent to Wnt3-expressing cells. Overexpression of Dvl2 in the outer root sheath mimics the short-hair phenotype produced by overexpression of Wnt3, supporting the hypothesis that Wnt3 and Dvl2 have the potential to act in the same pathway in the regulation of hair growth. These experiments demonstrate a previously unrecognized role for WNT signaling in the control of hair growth and structure, as well as presenting the first example of a mammalian phenotype resulting from overexpression of a Dvl gene and providing an accessible in vivo system for analysis of mammalian WNT signaling pathways. (+info)

Procyanidin oligomers selectively and intensively promote proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells in vitro and activate hair follicle growth in vivo. (3/1203)

We have previously reported that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds possess growth-promoting activity toward murine hair epithelial cells in vitro and stimulate anagen induction in hair cycle progression in vivo. This report constitutes a comparison of the growth-promoting activity of procyanidin oligomers and the target cells of procyanidins in the skin. Results show that procyanidin dimer and trimer exhibit higher growth-promoting activity than the monomer. The maximum growth-promoting activity for hair epithelial cells with procyanidin B-2, an epicatechin dimer, reached about 300% (30 microM) relative to controls (= 100%) in a 5 d culture. Optimum concentration of procyanidin C-1, an epicatechin trimer, was lower than that of procyanidin B-2; the maximum growth-promoting activity of procyanidin C-1 was about 220% (3 microM). No other flavonoid compounds examined exhibit higher proliferative activities than the procyanidins. In skin constituent cells, only epithelial cells such as hair keratinocytes or epidermal keratinocytes respond to procyanidin oligomers. Topical application of 1% procyanidin oligomers on shaven C3H mice in the telogen phase led to significant hair regeneration [procyanidin B-2, 69.6% +/- 21.8% (mean +/- SD); procyanidin B-3, 80.9% +/- 13.0%; procyanidin C-1, 78.3% +/- 7.6%] on the basis of the shaven area; application of vehicle only led to regeneration of 41.7% (SD = 16.3%). In this paper, we demonstrate the hair-growing activity of procyanidin oligomers both in vitro and in vivo, and their potential for use as agents to induce hair growth. (+info)

Topical gene delivery to murine skin. (4/1203)

We topically applied naked plasmid DNA containing the luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cDNA directly to mouse skin. Gene expression was detected in skin samples as early as 4 h after DNA application, plateaued from 16 to 72 h post-application, and had decreased significantly by 7 d post-application. Reporter gene activity following topical DNA delivery was comparable with that produced by intradermal injection of DNA. Plasmid DNA at concentrations > or =0.25 microg per microl were required to achieve maximal expression levels. Reporter gene expression following topical administration was largely confined to the superficial layers of the epidermis and to hair follicles. Surprisingly, certain cationic liposomes inhibited the efficiency of cutaneous gene transfer. This technique provides a simple, clinically relevant approach to deliver genes to the skin, with potential application in treating a variety of cutaneous disorders. (+info)

Association between mouse nude gene expression and the initiation of epithelial terminal differentiation. (5/1203)

Loss-of-function mutations in Whn (Hfh 11), a winged-helix/forkhead transcription factor, result in the nude mouse phenotype. To determine the whn expression pattern during development, we utilized mice in which a beta-galactosidase reporter gene was placed under the control of the wild-type whn promoter by homologous recombination (M. Nehls et al., 1996, Science 272, 886-889). Sites of reporter expression were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for Whn protein or by in situ hybridization for whn mRNA. At all developmental stages, whn expression is restricted to epithelial cells. In addition to the skin and thymus, whn is expressed in the developing nails, nasal passages, tongue, palate, and teeth. In embryonic epidermis, suprabasal cells induce whn expression at the same time that terminal differentiation markers first appear. As the epidermis matures, whn promoter activity is found primarily in the first suprabasal layer, which contains keratinocytes in the early stages of terminal differentiation. In developing and mature anagen hair follicles, whn is expressed at high levels in the postmitotic precursor cells of the hair shaft and inner root sheath. Though principally associated with terminal differentiation, whn expression is also detected in progenitor cell compartments; in the hair bulb matrix and basal epidermal layer, a small subclass of cells expresses whn, while in the outer root sheath, whn promoter activity is induced as the follicle completes its elongation. Within these compartments, rare cells exhibit both whn expression and the nuclear proliferation marker Ki-67. The results suggest that whn expression encompasses the transition from a proliferative to a postmitotic state and that whn regulates the initiation of terminal differentiation. (+info)

UVB irradiation stimulates deposition of new elastic fibers by modified epithelial cells surrounding the hair follicles and sebaceous glands in mice. (6/1203)

UVB irradiation stimulates the synthesis of elastin in the skin of humans and experimental animals. In this study we localized the site and the cells that are responsible for the synthesis of murine dermal elastic fibers. SKH-1 hairless mice were irradiated with UVB and the skin removed for light microscopy, electron microscopy, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical studies. In response to chronic low doses of UVB there was an initial moderate increase in tropoelastin mRNA in the papillary dermis. By contrast, there was a continuous marked elevation of collagen alpha1(I) message localizing to sites of inflammatory cell influx throughout the upper and lower dermis. After 25 wk of UV irradiation there was a 2-fold increase in skin elastin, yet total collagen remained unchanged. Serial desmosine analysis from en face sections indicated the increase in elastin content was due to dermal elastic fibers, an increase in the size and number of the dermal cysts, and an increase in subpanniculus elastic fibers. Elastin stains of en face sections suggested that the elastic fibers in the upper dermis were exclusively derived from cells lining the epithelial root sheath and sebaceous glands. In response to UV irradiation, the elastic fibers increased in number and size, wrapping around these structures and aligning in both directions as long fibers parallel to the body axis. Electron micrographs indicated that modified epithelial cells in close proximity to the flattened epithelial cells that encircled the root sheath and sebaceous glands were the source of the elastic fibers. (+info)

Highly persistent label-retaining cells in the hair follicles of mice and their fate following induction of anagen. (7/1203)

We have identified some unusually persistent label-retaining cells in the hair follicles of mice, and have investigated their role in hair growth. Three-dimensional reconstruction of dorsal underfur follicles from serial sections made 14 mo after complete labeling of epidermis and hair follicles in neonatal mice disclosed the presence of highly persistent label-retaining cells associated with the first-generation follicle involved in the production of the first wave of hairs, commonly called the bulge. The label-retaining cells were most often found on the ventral surface of the first-generation follicle, five cell positions from the base, near the attachment site of the arrector pilorum muscle. No label-retaining cells were found in the hair canal, sebaceous gland, or hair germ. These label-retaining cells remained in the follicle following induction of anagen by plucking of the hairs. Surprisingly, they were not part of the first wave of mitotic activity following plucking, but instead underwent mitosis beginning 42 h after plucking. Label-retaining cells or their labeled daughters were not found in the hair germs through 48 h following induction of anagen by plucking, but instead remained in their subsebaceous follicular location even upon completion of the hair growth cycle 21 d later. These label-retaining cells are, therefore, unlikely to contribute to the formation of a new anagen follicle. (+info)

A rapid and dynamic regulation of GDNF-family ligands and receptors correlate with the developmental dependency of cutaneous sensory innervation. (8/1203)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta family and have been shown to elicit neurotrophic effects upon several classes of neurons including dopaminergic neurons, motoneurons, parasympathetic, sympathetic as well as primary sensory neurons. However, there is little information available on their roles in cutaneous innervation. Herein, we have studied the regulation of gdnf, ntn and the GDNF family receptors and examined their role in the development of facial cutaneous innervation in GDNF mutant mice. A dynamic spatial and temporal regulation of gdnf, ntn and their ligand binding receptors within the follicle-sinus complex correlate with development of distinct subclasses of sensory nerve endings. Furthermore, development of NGF-dependent myelinated mechanoreceptors, i.e. reticular and transverse lanceolate endings also require GDNF during ending formation and maintenance. In addition, ligand and receptor association seems to be intricately linked to a local Schwann cell-axon interaction essential for sensory terminal formation. Our results suggests that functionally specified nerve endings depend on different GDNF family members and that in contrast to neurotrophins, this family of neurotrophic factors may be acting at local sites of terminal Schwann cell-axon growth cone interactions and that they collaborate with neurotrophins by supporting the same populations of neurons but at different times in development. (+info)

1. Alopecia areata: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes patchy hair loss on the scalp or body.
2. Androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness): This is a common condition in which men experience hair loss due to hormonal changes.
3. Telogen effluvium: This is a condition where there is an increase in the number of hair follicles that stop growing and enter the resting phase, leading to excessive hair shedding.
4. Alopecia totalis: This is a condition where all hair on the scalp is lost, including eyebrows and lashes.
5. Alopecia universalis: This is a condition where all body hair is lost.

Alopecia can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, hormonal imbalances, autoimmune disorders, and certain medications. Treatment options for alopecia depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, hair transplantation, or other therapies.

In medical literature, alopecia is often used as a term to describe the loss of hair in specific contexts, such as in the treatment of cancer patients or in the management of autoimmune disorders. It is also used to describe the side effects of certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs that can cause hair loss.

1. Alopecia areata: This is a condition where patches of hair fall out, resulting in bald spots on the scalp or other parts of the body.
2. Androgenetic alopecia: This is the most common form of hair loss, also known as male pattern baldness or female pattern baldness. It occurs when hormones cause hair to thin and fall out, leading to a receding hairline in men and a gradual thinning of hair on the top of the head in women.
3. Telogen effluvium: This is a condition where there is a sudden increase in the number of hair follicles that stop growing and enter the resting phase, leading to excessive hair shedding.
4. Trichotillomania: This is a psychological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to pull out one's own hair, often resulting in noticeable hair loss.
5. Lichen planus: This is a skin condition that can cause hair loss, as well as itching and inflammation on the scalp.
6. Tinea capitis: This is a fungal infection of the scalp that can cause hair loss and inflammation.
7. Folliculitis: This is an inflammation of the hair follicles, which can cause hair loss and scarring.
8. Traction alopecia: This is a condition where hair loss occurs due to constant pulling or tugging on the hair, such as with tight hairstyles like braids or ponytails.
9. Chemical damage: Exposure to harsh chemicals in hair products can damage the hair and lead to hair loss.
10. Hair thinning: This is a condition where hair becomes thinner over time, often due to hormonal imbalances or nutritional deficiencies.

These are just a few examples of hair diseases that can affect people. It's important to note that many of these conditions can be treated with medical care and changes to one's lifestyle and diet. If you suspect you have a hair disease, it's important to consult a dermatologist or other qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

There are several types of alopecia areata, including:

1. Alopecia areata patchy - This is the most common form of the disease, where hair loss occurs in patches on the scalp or other parts of the body.
2. Alopecia totalis - Hair loss occurs over the entire scalp.
3. Alopecia universalis - Hair loss occurs over the entire body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes.
4. Alopecia areata barbae - Hair loss occurs in the beard area.
5. Alopecia areata traction - Hair loss occurs due to pulling or tension on the hair shaft, often seen in children who pull their own hair.

The symptoms of alopecia areata may include:

1. Patchy hair loss
2. Thinning of hair
3. Redness and scalp inflammation
4. Itching or burning sensation on the scalp
5. Nail changes such as ridging, thinning, or pitting

Alopecia areata can be diagnosed through a physical examination and medical history. A skin scraping or biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for alopecia areata depends on the severity and location of hair loss, as well as the individual's overall health. Options may include:

1. Topical corticosteroids - Medicated creams or ointments applied directly to the affected area to reduce inflammation and promote hair growth.
2. Oral corticosteroids - Medications taken by mouth to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
3. Anthralin - A medication that is applied to the skin to reduce inflammation and promote hair growth.
4. Immunotherapy - Injections or tablets that stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, but also can cause hair loss.
5. Wigs, hats, or other hairpieces - Used to cover up patchy hair loss.
6. Counseling or therapy - To help cope with the emotional impact of hair loss.
7. Hair transplantation - A surgical procedure that involves moving healthy hair follicles from one part of the scalp to another.

It is important to note that these treatments may not work for everyone and may have side effects. It's important to talk to a doctor or dermatologist to determine the best course of treatment for alopecia areata.

In addition to medical treatment, there are also some natural remedies that can help with alopecia areata such as:

1. Diet and nutrition - Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals can promote hair growth.
2. Stress management - High stress levels have been linked to alopecia areata, so finding ways to manage stress, such as through exercise or meditation, may help.
3. Saw palmetto - A herb that has been shown to promote hair growth and slow down hair loss.
4. Fish oil - Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil have been shown to promote hair growth.
5. Coconut oil - Applying coconut oil to the scalp may help to stimulate hair growth.
6. Henna - A natural dye that can be used to color and strengthen hair, and may also help to promote hair growth.
7. Rosemary essential oil - May help to promote hair growth by increasing blood flow to the scalp.
8. Lavender essential oil - May help to reduce stress and promote relaxation, which can help with alopecia areata.

There are several types of hypotrichosis, including:

1. Congenital hypotrichosis: This type is present at birth and is caused by genetic mutations.
2. Acquired hypotrichosis: This type can develop later in life due to various factors such as hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, or certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders or anemia.
3. Localized hypotrichosis: This type affects only a specific area of the body, such as the scalp or eyebrows.
4. Generalized hypotrichosis: This type affects the entire body.

Hypotrichosis can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and quality of life, especially if it results in noticeable hair loss or thinning. Treatment options for hypotrichosis include medications such as minoxidil (Rogaine) and finasteride (Propecia), as well as non-medical treatments like hair transplantation and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In some cases, hypotrichosis may be a sign of an underlying medical condition, so it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Some common types of skin abnormalities include:

1. Birthmarks: These are benign growths that can be present at birth or appear later in life. They can be flat or raised, and can be made up of different types of cells, such as blood vessels or pigment-producing cells.
2. Moles: These are small, dark spots on the skin that are usually benign but can occasionally become cancerous.
3. Warts: These are small, rough bumps on the skin that are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
4. Psoriasis: This is a chronic condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin.
5. Eczema: This is a chronic condition that causes dry, itchy skin and can lead to inflammation and skin thickening.
6. Acne: This is a common condition that causes blackheads, whiteheads, and other types of blemishes on the skin.
7. Scars: These are areas of damaged skin that can be caused by injury, surgery, or infection.
8. Vitiligo: This is a condition in which the skin loses its pigment, leading to white patches.
9. Impetigo: This is a bacterial infection that causes red sores on the skin.
10. Molluscum contagiosum: This is a viral infection that causes small, painless bumps on the skin.

Skin abnormalities can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as biopsies or imaging studies. Treatment options vary depending on the specific type of abnormality and its underlying cause, but may include topical creams or ointments, medications, laser therapy, or surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any changes in your skin, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

The exact cause of follicular cysts is not known, but they may be related to hormonal changes, genetic factors, or blockages within the hair follicle. Treatment options include observation, antibiotics, and surgical removal if the cyst becomes inflamed or infected.

A Follicular Cyst is a benign cystic lesion that forms in the scalp or face and typically arises from the hair follicle. They are usually small, soft to the touch, and painless unless they become inflamed or infected.

Follicular cysts are more common in women than men, and often appear during childhood or adolescence. Although their exact cause is unknown, they may be related to hormonal changes, genetic factors, or blockages within the hair follicle.

Small, soft, painless cysts that form on the scalp or face are usually Follicular Cysts, which are benign and do not produce any symptoms unless they become inflamed or infected. They appear more frequently in women than men and often develop during childhood or adolescence. Their exact cause is unknown but may be related to hormonal fluctuations, genetic factors, or blockages within the hair follicle.

The symptoms of hypertrichosis can vary in severity and may include:

* Excessive hair growth on the face, arms, legs, and torso
* Thick, coarse hair that is often curly or wavy
* Hair growing on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
* Hair growing in the ears, nose, and mouth
* Increased risk of ingrown hairs and skin infections

There are several types of hypertrichosis, including:

* Generalized hypertrichosis, which affects the entire body
* Localized hypertrichosis, which affects specific areas of the body
* Congenital hypertrichosis, which is present at birth
* Acquired hypertrichosis, which develops later in life due to hormonal imbalances or other medical conditions.

Hypertrichosis can be challenging to diagnose, as it can be mistaken for other skin conditions such as acne or eczema. A proper diagnosis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and genetic testing.

There is no cure for hypertrichosis, but there are several treatment options available to manage the symptoms. These may include:

* Medications such as anti-androgens and retinoids to reduce hair growth
* Electrolysis or laser hair removal to remove excessive hair
* Skincare and grooming techniques to prevent ingrown hairs and reduce the risk of skin infections.

It's important to note that hypertrichosis is a rare condition, and it can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. It can cause emotional distress, social stigma, and difficulties with employment and relationships. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

There are several types of skin neoplasms, including:

1. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common type of skin cancer, and it usually appears as a small, fleshy bump or a flat, scaly patch. BCC is highly treatable, but if left untreated, it can grow and invade surrounding tissue.
2. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): This type of skin cancer is less common than BCC but more aggressive. It typically appears as a firm, flat, or raised bump on sun-exposed areas. SCC can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
3. Melanoma: This is the most serious type of skin cancer, accounting for only 1% of all skin neoplasms but responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Melanoma can appear as a new or changing mole, and it's essential to recognize the ABCDE signs (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolving size, shape, or color) to detect it early.
4. Sebaceous gland carcinoma: This rare type of skin cancer originates in the oil-producing glands of the skin and can appear as a firm, painless nodule on the forehead, nose, or other oily areas.
5. Merkel cell carcinoma: This is a rare and aggressive skin cancer that typically appears as a firm, shiny bump on the skin. It's more common in older adults and those with a history of sun exposure.
6. Cutaneous lymphoma: This type of cancer affects the immune system and can appear as a rash, nodules, or tumors on the skin.
7. Kaposi sarcoma: This is a rare type of skin cancer that affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS. It typically appears as a flat, red or purple lesion on the skin.

While skin cancers are generally curable when detected early, it's important to be aware of your skin and notice any changes or unusual spots, especially if you have a history of sun exposure or other risk factors. If you suspect anything suspicious, see a dermatologist for an evaluation and potential biopsy. Remember, prevention is key to avoiding the harmful effects of UV radiation and reducing your risk of developing skin cancer.

Pilomatricoma is thought to arise from the abnormal growth and development of matrical cells, which are responsible for producing the protein components of the hair follicle. The tumor typically does not grow or change over time, and is usually asymptomatic unless it becomes infected or irritated.

Pilomatricoma is relatively rare, accounting for less than 1% of all skin tumors. It is most commonly seen in adults between the ages of 20 and 50, although it can occur at any age. The exact cause of pilomatricoma is not known, but it may be associated with genetic mutations or environmental factors that affect the development of hair follicles.

There are several methods for diagnosing pilomatricoma, including:

* Clinical examination: A healthcare provider will typically examine the tumor and surrounding skin to determine its size, shape, color, and texture.
* Biopsy: A small sample of tissue from the tumor may be removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
* Imaging studies: CT or MRI scans may be used to evaluate the size and extent of the tumor, as well as any potential involvement of surrounding structures.

Treatment for pilomatricoma usually involves surgical excision of the tumor, although in some cases, observation or laser therapy may be appropriate. The prognosis for pilomatricoma is generally excellent, as it is a benign condition that does not spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). However, if the tumor becomes infected or irritated, complications such as abscesses or scarring may occur.

In summary, pilomatrixoma is a rare, benign skin tumor that arises from matrical cells in the hair follicle. It typically presents as a slow-growing, flesh-colored or pink nodule on the face, neck, or scalp. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and imaging studies, and treatment involves surgical excision or observation. The prognosis is generally excellent, but complications can occur if the tumor becomes infected or irritated.

BCC usually appears as a flesh-colored or pink bump, often with small blood vessels on the surface. It may also be flat and scaly, or have a waxy appearance. In rare cases, BCC can grow deep into the skin and cause damage to surrounding tissue.

Although BCC is not as aggressive as other types of skin cancer, such as melanoma, it can still cause significant damage if left untreated. Treatment options for BCC include topical creams, surgical excision, and Mohs microscopic surgery.

Preventative measures against BCC include protecting the skin from the sun, using sunscreen with a high SPF, and avoiding prolonged exposure to UV radiation. Early detection and treatment are key in managing this condition.

If left untreated, folliculitis can lead to more serious infections such as boils or abscesses, which may require surgical drainage. It is also possible for folliculitis to cause scarring and permanent hair loss if the inflammation damages the hair follicle.

While anyone can develop folliculitis, it is more common in people with oily skin or those who wear tight clothing or heavy makeup that can clog pores and irritate the skin. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cancer can increase the risk of developing folliculitis.

Folliculitis is usually diagnosed through a physical examination and may require a biopsy to rule out other skin conditions. Treatment options for folliculitis depend on the severity and cause of the condition, but may include antibiotics, topical creams, or oral medications. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as early treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Ordinarily, hair follicle renewal is maintained by the stem cells associated with each follicle. Aging of the hair follicle ... A club hair is formed during the catagen phase when the part of the hair follicle in contact with the lower portion of the hair ... The club hair is the final product of a hair follicle in the telogen stage, and is a dead, fully keratinized hair. Fifty to one ... A hair follicle consists of : The papilla is a large structure at the base of the hair follicle. The papilla is made up mainly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_follicle

... is a cutaneous condition that presents as a small papule from which fine hairs protrude evenly from the ... Human hair, Hair diseases, All stub articles, Dermatology stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_follicle_nevus

... is a disorder of the hair follicle leading to increased fragility of the shaft, with no ... ISBN 0-7216-2921-0. Birnbaum PS, et al.: Hereditable diseases of the hair. Dermatol Clin 1987;5:137. v t e (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_hair–follicle_dystrophy

Colombe L, Vindrios A, Michelet JF, Bernard BA (Sep 2007). "Prostaglandin metabolism in human hair follicle". Experimental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPGES-2

Langbein L, Schweizer J (2005). "Keratins of the human hair follicle". International Review of Cytology. 243: 1-78. doi:10.1016 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_1

... hair follicles, sebaceous sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and eccrine sweat glands. CCS tumors are hair follicle tumors. ... epithelial structures resembling hair papillae or incompletely-formed hair follicles, small keratocysts (i.e. skin cysts) lined ... The lose of both CYLD genes in hair follicle stem cells may be required for the development of CCS tumors. The CYLD gene is ... The mutation apparently causes hair follicle stem cells to differentiate into the cells which form cylindroma-, spiradenoma-, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYLD_cutaneous_syndrome

All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB1 and KRTHB6, is found primarily in ... 2001). "The catalog of human hair keratins. II. Expression of the six type II members in the hair follicle and the combined ... Langbein L, Schweizer J (2005). "Keratins of the human hair follicle". Int. Rev. Cytol. International Review of Cytology. 243: ... As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRT83

... growth begins inside the hair follicle. The only "living" portion of the hair is found in the follicle. The hair that is ... While the circumference of the hair follicle expands, so does the thickness of the hair follicle. An individual's hair volume, ... Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types, and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial ... All mammalian hair is composed of keratin, so the make-up of hair follicles is not the source of varying hair patterns. There ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair

All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB3 and KRTHB6, is found primarily in ... Langbein L, Schweizer J (2005). "Keratins of the human hair follicle". Int. Rev. Cytol. International Review of Cytology. 243: ... As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II ... 1998). "A new mutation in the type II hair cortex keratin hHb1 involved in the inherited hair disorder monilethrix". Hum. Genet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRT81

List of human cell types derived from the germ layers Langbein L, Schweizer J (2005). Keratins of the human hair follicle. Int ... In mammals, trichocytes are the specialized epithelial cells from which the highly mechanically resilient tissues hair and ... These cells give rise to non-hair non-keratinized IRSC (inner root sheath cell) as well. ... which facilitates chemical cross-linking of these proteins to form the tough material from which hair and nail is composed. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichocyte_(human)

Tobin, D. J. (2009). "Aging of the Hair Follicle Pigmentation System". International Journal of Trichology. 1 (2): 83-93. doi: ... Some types of albinism affect only the skin and hair, while other types affect the skin, hair and eyes, and in rare cases only ... Eumelanin is found in hair, areola, and skin, and the hair colors gray, black, blond, and brown. In humans, it is more abundant ... Loss of body hair in Hominini species is assumed to be related to the emergence of bipedalism some 5 to 7 million years ago. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skin_color

Studies in chick and mouse embryonic development suggest that the patterns of feather and hair-follicle precursors can be ... "Hierarchical patterning modes orchestrate hair follicle morphogenesis". PLOS Biology. 15 (7): e2002117. doi:10.1371/journal. ... "Emergent cellular self-organization and mechanosensation initiate follicle pattern in the avian skin". Science. 357 (6353): 811 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_pattern

The density of hair - i.e. the number of hair follicles per unit area of skin - varies from person to person. In many cases, ... This includes facial hair, chest hair, abdominal hair, leg hair, arm hair, and foot hair. (See Table 1 for development of male ... Like much of the hair on the human body, leg, arm, chest, and back hair begin as vellus hair. As people age, the hair in these ... type of hair and hair retention. Rising levels of androgens during puberty cause vellus hair to transform into terminal hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_hair

Changing patterns of cell adhesion molecules during mouse pelage hair follicle development. 1. Follicle morphogenesis in wild- ... Hardy, M. H. (1992). The secret life of the hair follicle. Trends in Genetics, 8(2): 55-61. Hardy, M. H. and Vielkind, U. (1996 ... Soon after, Margaret "had to slow down on embryonic hair follicle culture because I was culturing an embryonic human." She gave ... Hardy's curiosity-driven research inspired a new generation of stem cell scientists to use hair follicles as "an accessible and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Hurlstone_Hardy_Fallding

... over-expression of β-catenin in hair follicles induces improper hair growth. Therefore, these signals such as Wnt inhibitors ... The bulge area at the junction of arrector pili muscle to the hair follicle sheath has been shown to host the skin stem cells ... The bulge region of the hair follicle relies on these signals to maintain the stemness of the cells. Fate mapping or cell ... A similar dependence of self-renewal potential on proximity to the niche border was reported in the context of hair follicle, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-cell_niche

In her work with hair follicles and homeostasis, Greco has also determined a link between the lymphatic vessels of the skin and ... Greco focuses on the mammalian hair follicle in mice to study cellular homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Her lab uses ... Her findings show that hair germ cells are obtained from bulge stem cells, as well as suggest that hair germ cells initiate ... "Hair follicle regeneration suppresses Ras-driven oncogenic growth". The Journal of Cell Biology. 218 (10): 3212-3222. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentina_Greco

... hair is not androgenic and is therefore not affected by puberty. The follicles of eyelashes are associated with a ... Since the hair is transplanted from the hair on the head, the new eyelashes will continue to grow like head hair and will need ... Demodex folliculorum (or the demodicid) is a small mite that lives harmlessly in eyelash and other hair follicles, and about 20 ... Their color may differ from that of the hair, although they tend to be dark on someone with dark hair and lighter on someone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyelash

... also known as hair cloning. Per a May 2015 review, no successful strategy to generate human hair follicles, for hair regrowth, ... "6-Gingerol inhibits hair shaft growth in cultured human hair follicles and modulates hair growth in mice". PLOS ONE. 8 (2): ... Hair transplantation is a surgical technique that moves individual hair follicles from a part of the body called the donor site ... Hair follicles have estrogen receptors and it is theorized that topical compounds act on them directly to promote hair growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_hair_loss

Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units, each with hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and ... Gold dermatitis Hair bleach-induced Hair dye-induced Hair lotion-induced Hair spray-induced Hair straightener-induced Hair ... Uncombable hair syndrome (cheveux incoiffable, pili trianguli et canaliculi, spun-glass hair) Wooly hair nevus (woolly hair ... Hypertrichosis simplex of the scalp Intermittent hair-follicle dystrophy Keratosis pilaris atrophicans Kinking hair (acquired ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

You take it with you; it's under your fingernails; it's in the hair follicles; it's in the way you smile; it's in the ride of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_God's_Children_Need_Traveling_Shoes

... and hair-bearing skin. Within the latter type, hairs in structures called pilosebaceous units have a hair follicle, sebaceous ... ISBN 1-4051-3130-6. Paus R, Cotsarelis G (August 1999). "The biology of hair follicles". The New England Journal of Medicine. ... In the embryo, the epidermis, hair, and glands are from the ectoderm, which is chemically influenced by the underlying mesoderm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_condition

Hair restoration surgery or scalp reduction may be considered in these instances. Hair will not regrow once the follicle is ... A hair "pull test" is performed to see if growing, or anagen, where hairs are pulled out easily. The pulled hairs are mounted ... In secondary cicatricial alopecias, destruction of the hair follicle is incidental to a non-follicle-directed process or ... there is then no possibility for regeneration of the hair follicle, and permanent hair loss results. Cicatricial alopecias are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarring_hair_loss

In addition, heterozygote mutants displayed premature hair follicle exogen. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000037474 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSUN2

... reduce hair melanin and damage hair follicles. Evolution of hair Hair transplantation Buffoli, Barbara; Rinaldi, Fabio; Labanca ... Small vellus hair will often replace the hair that is lost. Human hair follicles are very sensitive to the effects of radiation ... Ultimately, the follicle is 1/6 its original length, causing the hair shaft to be pushed upward. In most people, scalp hair ... Hair follicles typically enter the telogen phase, and regrowth should commence 2.5 to 3 months after the hair begins to shed. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_hair_growth

The dermis is the inner layer of skin that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, oil, and sweat glands. Severe damage ... P. Sriwiriyanont; K.A. Lynch; K.L. McFarland; D.M. Supp; S.T. Boyce (2013). "Characterization of hair follicle development in ... Although early versions of the scaffold were not capable of regenerating hair follicles and sweat glands, later developments by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_skin

It has been found essential for hair follicle induction. A homozygous missense mutation in the WLS gene was identified in Zaki ... Fu J, Hsu W (April 2013). "Epidermal Wnt controls hair follicle induction by orchestrating dynamic signaling crosstalk between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_wntless_homolog

However, 5α-reductase is expressed only in specific tissues, such as skin, hair follicles, and the prostate gland, and for this ... hairs to tiny, blonde vellus hairs. Arm, perianal, and perineal hair is reduced but may not turn to vellus hair on the latter ... Underarm hair changes slightly in texture and length, and pubic hair becomes more typically female in pattern. Lower leg hair ... 2000). "The hair follicle: a paradoxical androgen target organ". Hormone Research. 54 (5-6): 243-250. doi:10.1159/000053266. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy

Reveal collective regenerative behavior in a hair follicle population. Chuong's team demonstrated intra-dermal adipose tissue ... They demonstrated the different regenerative mechanism of three different integumentary follicle types, hair, feather, and ... can also modulate hair follicle stem cell activity. They developed Cellular Automata model to describe this temporal patterning ... "Symmetry breaking of tissue mechanics in wound induced hair follicle regeneration of laboratory and spiny mice". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheng-Ming_Chuong

It has been shown to prevent the damaging effects of TGFB1 to hair follicles. It also helps to maintain skin hydration. Taurine ... We showed that taurine [...] prevented TGF-β1-induced deleterious effects on hair follicle. Janeke G, Siefken W, Carstensen S, ... August 2006). "Protective effects of taurine on human hair follicle grown in vitro". International Journal of Cosmetic Science ... as well as hair loss and tooth decay. Decreased plasma taurine concentration has been demonstrated to be associated with feline ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurine

1999). "The catalog of human hair keratins. I. Expression of the nine type I members in the hair follicle". J. Biol. Chem. 274 ... As a type I hair keratin, it is an acidic protein which heterodimerizes with type II hair keratin to form hair and nails. The ... I. Human and bovine hair follicles". Differentiation. 37 (2): 137-57. doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1988.tb00805.x. PMID 2456239. v t ... "Genomic characterization of the human type I cuticular hair keratin hHa2 and identification of an adjacent novel type I hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRT32

... and hair shaft thins; telegen, hair growth stops, follicle rests, and old hair falls off-is shed. At the end of the telegen ... Every hair in the dog coat grows from a hair follicle, which has a three phase cycle, as do most mammals. These cycles are: ... black and white hairs); other clubs have their own lists of acceptable colors, with black being the preference. The tail is ... anagen, growth of normal hair; catagen, growth slows, ... phase, the follicle begins the cycle again. The length of time ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affenpinscher

The tepals are covered with woolly hairs which are grey to cream-coloured and rusty-coloured near the base of the flower. The ... The fruit that follows is a hairy, oval-shaped, wrinkled follicle long. This grevillea is similar to both Grevillea sphacelata ... of the leaves are rolled under and partly or completely cover the lower surface which is covered with silky to woolly hairs. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevillea_acerata

Eilish said frequent coloring of her hair may have caused her to have hair follicles and unnecessary stress. For now, the ... Eilish dressed up as a baby, complete with a bonnet and diaper, and Rutherford donned a bald cap with grey hair. Reed, Ryan ( ... Vanderberg, Madison (February 26, 2020). "From her real name to her natural hair color, here are answers to 13 questions you ... "Why did Billie Eilish dye her hair again?". www.interviewarea.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billie_Eilish

... - has been related to hair follicles' melanocyte regeneration and CD34+ with neuronal regeneration. Cluster of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Base testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) levels are precursors in individuals with 46 ... Additionally, the individual may have clitoromegaly, a shallow vagina, early and rapid growth of pubic hair in childhood, ... Additionally, the individual will also experience early and rapid growth of pubic hair during childhood and precocious puberty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_anomalies

... saying a hair follicle test showed she'd exposed their then 10-month-old son to methamphetamine. Sex Rehab with Dr. Drew, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Ann_Peniche

Its blunt-tipped leaf blades have a coating of hairs on the undersides and are straight on the stem, not curving up. The ... The fruit is a greenish follicle. The flowers are insect-pollinated, but the plant often reproduces vegetatively via the ... flowers are smaller and more numerous, and the surface of the follicle is rougher. The native habitat of the plant includes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclepias_sullivantii

The follicles remain on the plant for up to four years before disintegrating. The type specimen was collected by Ken Newbey ... Its stems are covered in short, rust-coloured hairs. The leaves linear, pinnatisect, 80-250 mm (3.1-9.8 in) long and 6-11 mm ( ... Flowering occurs from December or January to February and the follicles are dark reddish-brown, egg-shaped and 9-11 mm (0.35- ... yellow flowers in heads of about sixty and reddish-brown follicles. Banksia montana grows as a shrub to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) high ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_montana

It is paired with keratin 6 in a number of epithelial tissues, including nail bed, esophagus, tongue, and hair follicles. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_16

This is significant as Shh regulates hair follicle growth and morphogenesis. When inappropriately activated causes hair ... Gli2 is expressed in the interfollicular epidermis and the outer root sheath of hair follicles in normal human skin. ... Oro AE, Higgins K (March 2003). "Hair cycle regulation of Hedgehog signal reception". Developmental Biology. 255 (2): 238-48. ... follicle derived tumors, the most clinically significant being the BCC. Of the four Gli2 isoforms the expression of Gli2beta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLI2

Flowering occurs from July to November and the fruit is an elliptic to more or less spherical follicle 8.0-8.5 mm (0.31-0.33 in ... Both surfaces of the leaves are covered with silky hairs. The flowers are arranged on flowering branches on a rachis 5-20 mm ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevillea_endlicheriana

During puberty, androgen, LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) production increase and the sex cords hollow out, forming ... Masculine secondary sexual characteristics include androgenic hair, voice deepening, emergence of the Adam's apple, broadening ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

... follicles, hair roots, sensory nerve endings, and muscular tissue. Between the integument and the deep body musculature there ... Many chromatophores are also stored in this layer, as are the bases of integumental structures such as hair, feathers, and ... The integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. It has a variety of additional functions: it may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system

Flowering occurs from winter to early spring and the follicles are boat-shaped, 20-30 mm (0.79-1.18 in) long and 8-10 mm (0.31- ... and new shoots are covered with rust-coloured hairs at first. The leaves are elliptic, lance-shaped, egg-shaped or oblong, 40- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orites_excelsus

The substance quickly coats his skin, hair, nails, clothes, and whatever he is carrying, and renders him invisible. He can ... The gland allows Fawkes to secrete a light-bending substance called "Quicksilver" from his pores and follicles. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Invisible_Man_(2000_TV_series)

It was found in court that Kenny-Dowall had taken a hair follicle drug test which returned a negative result. "Robinson tips ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun_Kenny-Dowall

Loss of desmoglein 4 leads to defective hair-follicle differentiation. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is an epidermal blistering ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmosome

Androgens are also responsible for secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair and increased muscle mass. Because of the ... Schally AV, Kastin AJ, Arimura A (November 1971). "Hypothalamic follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Ordinarily, hair follicle renewal is maintained by the stem cells associated with each follicle. Aging of the hair follicle ... A key aspect of hair loss with age is the aging of the hair follicle. ... Matsumura H, Mohri Y, Binh NT, Morinaga H, Fukuda M, Ito M, Kurata S, Hoeijmakers J, Nishimura EK (2016). "Hair follicle aging ... They showed that as women age, double-strand breaks accumulate in the DNA of their primordial follicles. Primordial follicles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging

... which contains numerous hair follicles that give it a 'velvet' texture." This requires intense grazing on a highly-nutritious ... Moose fur consists of four types of hair: eyelashes, vibrissae, guard hairs and wool hairs. Hair length and hair density varies ... The coat has two layers-a top layer of long guard hairs and a soft wooly undercoat. The guard hairs are hollow and filled with ... If the hairs on the back of the moose's neck and shoulders (hackles) stand up, a charge is usually imminent. The Anchorage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moose

... the hair follicle undergoes a process to prepare for hair shedding. The telogen phase is when hair shedding occurs. The hair ... The light is absorbed by melanin in the hair which heats and damages the hair follicles to remove it. Laser hair removal has ... The second proposed mechanism involves the hair follicle growth cycle. Human hair follicles follow a growth cycle that has ... distribution of hair, and location of hair growth." Lanugo hair: "fine, non-pigmented hair that covers the normal fetus. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepubertal_hypertrichosis

Flowering occurs in most months with a peak from July to November and the fruit is a follicle 14.0-15.5 mm (0.55-0.61 in) long ... long and covered with silky or felty hairs. The pistil is 22-25 mm (0.87-0.98 in) long, and the style is hairy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grevillea_baxteri

Additionally, PV2 reaches the Peyer's patches where it activates lymphoid follicles and triggers apoptosis. Proteomic analysis ... hirsute hair, extreme abduction of the rear limbs, paresia and were not able to support their body weight (tetraplegic), among ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perivitellin-2

Clipping the coat cuts the dead hair, leaving dead roots within the hair follicles. It is these dead roots which can cause skin ... Grizzle that is a mix of red hair in the black, often on the area of back before the tail are often the best and harshest coats ... bearing undercoats are generally groomed by hand stripping where a small serrated edged knife is used to pull out loose hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airedale_Terrier

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays is considered to initiate similar processes in hair follicles resulting in premature ... Stress causing over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases noradrenaline release in hair follicles. This ... Human hair color Pandhi, Deepika; Khanna, Deepshikha (2013). "Premature graying of hair". Indian Journal of Dermatology, ... Zayed, AymanA; Shahait, AwniD; Ayoub, MusaN; Yousef, Al Motassem (2013). "Smokers′ hair: Does smoking cause premature hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature_greying_of_hair

Leptin is further expressed in mature follicles produced by the ovary, suggesting it plays a role in oocyte maturation, hence ... Some symptoms that people may experience with PCOS are irregular periods, acne, infertility, and excessive hair growth. PCOS is ... and prolactin concentration and the secretion of androgens and estrogens by the preovulatory follicle in the ewe". Biology of ... by the hypothalamus and subsequently follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinising hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_and_fertility

All hair keratins are expressed in the hair follicle; this hair keratin, as well as KRTHB1 and KRTHB3, is found primarily in ... "Entrez Gene: KRT86 keratin 86". Langbein L, Schweizer J (2005). "Keratins of the human hair follicle". Int. Rev. Cytol. ... As a type II hair keratin, it is a basic protein which heterodimerizes with type I keratins to form hair and nails. The type II ... 1998). "A new mutation in the type II hair cortex keratin hHb1 involved in the inherited hair disorder monilethrix". Hum. Genet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRT86

Flowering occurs from May to October and the fruit is an egg-shaped, mostly glabrous follicle 7-13 mm (0.28-0.51 in) long. ... ten and eighty triangular to oblong lobes on each side of the leaves and the lower surface is covered with woolly white hairs. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia_dallanneyi

A rare form of skin cancer may sometimes start with cancer-causing mutations in hair follicle stem cells. ... Some melanomas may start in hair follicles. At a Glance. *A rare form of skin cancer may sometimes start with cancer-causing ... "By confirming that oncogenic pigment cells in hair follicles are a bona fide source of melanoma, we have a better understanding ... Melanocyte stem cells, the source of melanocytes, are found in the lower portion of hair follicles. Some studies suggest that ...

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/some-melanomas-may-start-hair-follicles

Over time the follicle can shrink causing the hair to become shorter and finer. Ordinarily, the hair should grow back but in ... Each hair sits in a cavity in the skin called a follicle. ... Each hair sits in a cavity in the skin called a follicle. Over ... Ordinarily, the hair should grow back but in men who are balding the very small follicle ceases to grow any hair. The cause of ... time the follicle can shrink causing the hair to become shorter and finer. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19647.htm

Stem cells (in green) of the hair follicle (outlined in magenta) reside in a specialized niche, called the bulge (outlined in ... This can result in loss of the hair as the stem cells are depleted. This study may give helpful insights into treating hair ... as a regulator which controls how quickly the hairs regenerate and helps maintain multiple bulges and hairs. In the absence of ... red). They adhere to each other to maintain up to four bulges and four hairs (image on left, showing 3 bulges and hairs). ...

https://www.niams.nih.gov/media/7661

A hair follicle drug test can detect drug use over the past 90 days. ... A hair follicle drug test, or a hair drug test, is done to screen a person for illicit drug use. It is also used to determine ... Hair Test vs. Urine Test *How is a hair follicle test different from a urine drug test? ... Drugs can be detected for longer in the hair and hair follicles because the drugs from the bloodstream get incorporated into ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/how_long_can_hair_follicle_tests_detect_drugs/article.htm

Factors Influencing the Success of a Hair Transplant Procedure. Lana Vrz - November 22, 2019. 0 ...

https://thewashingtonnote.com/tag/hair-follicles/

Cryopreservation of Hair-Follicle Associated Pluripotent (HAP) Stem Cells Maintains Differentiation and Hair-Growth Potential. ... An Intrinsic Oscillation of Gene Networks Inside Hair Follicle Stem Cells: An Additional Layer That Can Modulate Hair Stem Cell ... The growth of hair follicles in waves H B CHASE et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1959. . ... Histophysiology of hair follicles: current concept]. Barinov EF, Sulaeva ON. Barinov EF, et al. Usp Fiziol Nauk. 2004 Oct-Dec; ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13809378

hair follicle stimulator,. energizer hair follicle stimulator,. hair follicle stimulator electric,. nuderma health and med spa, ... High Frequency Facial Wand , Hair Follicle Stimulator. High Frequency Facial Wand , Hair Follicle Stimulator. Get this product ... High Frequency Facial Wand , Hair Follicle Stimulator. [email protected] December 20, 2020 2 min read ... Sagging skin, hair loss, age spots are other skin imperfections are the hallmark signs of decreased cell activity due to aging ...

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... hair follicle drug test near me, where to get a hair follicle drug test, hair follicle drug testing, ... where can I do a hair drug test, ... Hair Follicle Drug Test Near Me. Hair follicle drug testing is ... hair follicle testing can detect drug use as far back as 90 days. Request A Test offers a variety of hair follicle drug testing ... If you are in need of a hair follicle drug test that is convenient and affordable, Request A Test is the answer. You can order ...

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Hair analysis not only detects if drugs of abuse have been used, it ... Hair Follicle Drug Testing Formulated to cleanse toxins from your hair! ... Hair Follicle Drug Testing. Hair Follicle Drug Testing. Formulated to cleanse toxins from your hair!. Hair analysis not only ... It takes about 5 days for drugs to begin to appear in an individuals hair and will continue to be detectable in new hair for ...

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"A Genetic Basis of Variation in Eccrine Sweat Gland and Hair Follicle Density." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112 (32) (July 20): 9932 ... These findings implicate En1 as a newly identified and reciprocal determinant of hair follicle and eccrine gland density and ... To identify pathways controlling the relative patterning of eccrine glands and hair follicles, we exploited natural variation ... A genetic basis of variation in eccrine sweat gland and hair follicle density. ...

https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/26579323

Hair Follicle Transplant; ..

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Analysis of individual human skin hair follicles revealed that cutimycin contributed to the ecology of the skin hair follicle ... A Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic modulates human skin microbiota composition in hair follicles Jan Claesen 1 , Jennifer B ... A Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic modulates human skin microbiota composition in hair follicles Jan Claesen et al. Sci Transl ... The presence of the cutimycin BGC has a significant impact on the C. acnes/S. epidermidis ratio in human skin hair follicles. ( ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=33208503

Weve identified the top 7 hair follicle detox shampoos. ... Facing a drug test and worried they will pull a hair sample? ... The "Clear Zone" aspect of the Clear Choice Hair Follicle Shampoo is guaranteed to work with your hair in 8 hours, and it also ... The Sarken Nutrition Stat Hair Detox Shampoo Kit cleans impurities from hair follicles like the other brands that were ... All of these brands will do their part in helping you pass a hair follicle drug test. However, for the best results we highly ...

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The cycle of each hair follicle were presented on days 7 (A). The length of each hair follicle was measured under a microscope ... Philpott MP, Sanders D, Westgate GE and Kealey T: Human hair growth in vitro: A model for the study of hair follicle biology. J ... PG extract abrogates DKK-1 inhibition of hair growth in HF organ culture. A total of 150 human scalp hair follicles with intact ... Kim SH, Jeong KS, Ryu SY and Kim TH: Panax ginseng prevents apoptosis in hair follicles and accelerates recovery of hair ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3107

Hair follicles Engage in Chemosensation - Olfactory Receptor OR2AT4 Regulates Human Hair Growth. Make an enquiry. ... Importantly for hair research, the team discovered that when this olfactory receptor is stimulated in hair follicle organ ... Hair follicles engage in chemosensation: olfactory receptor OR2AT4 regulates human hair growth. ... The ligand used to stimulate this hair follicle olfactory receptor is Sandalore®, a synthetic mimic of natural sandalwood oil ...

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... it will enter your hair follicles and shortly afterward be the part of your newly grew hair. ... these byproducts will enter your hair follicles from which new hair will start to grow. ... How Long Does Marijuana Stay In Your Hair Follicles?. Posted on June 29, 2019. by admin ... Since hair follicle, the drug test is checking out the contents of THC metabolites that your body broke down; ...

https://www.paco-magic.com/how-long-does-marijuana-stay-in-your-hair-follicles.html

Though other testing methods were available, J.B. Hunt elected to require hair follicle testing, arguing that hair follicle ... Religious Challenges to Hair Follicle Testing. In a charge filed with the EEOC, four East Indian Sikh applicants challenged J.B ... Though hair follicle testing is common in the industry, it is important to note that there are some situations where trucking ... The policy required applicants to provide a hair sample for follicle testing. One of the five Articles of Faith for a Sikh is ...

https://www.heylroyster.com/news-and-insights/resources/trucking/recent-challenges-to-the-use-of-hair-follicle-drug-testing

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience ...

https://www.nationaldrugscreening.com/videos/general-drug-testing-topics/hair-follicle-drug-and-alcohol-testing-options-and-differences/

Home , Nanotechnology , Nanoparticle Penetration Into Hair Follicles. Nanoparticle Penetration Into Hair Follicles By Porter ... The study concluded "movement of hairs may act as a pumping mechanism pushing the nanoparticles deep into the hair follicles." ... enetration into the hair follicles is a fast process in comparison to the release of the nanoparticles our of the follicles, ... The scientists found the nano food dye was stored in hair follicles for 10 days, while its counterpart was stored for only 4 ...

https://www.technologylawsource.com/2007/07/articles/nanotechnology/nanoparticle-penetration-into-hair-follicles/

Ooops.. We couldnt find any results for your search.. ...

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Tag: hair follicle Study on Hair Follicle Electromagnetism as Proposed Mechanism for the Presence of Bipolar Electrical Charges ... A follicle implanted in the skin and a protruding shaft comprise human hair. Its been described as a miniorgan with its own ... eventually losing old hair and regrowing new hair from the same follicular tissue. Using improved magnetometers, the magnetic ... Inherent in the Human Hair Shaft March 16, 2022 ...

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Follicle openings Cite:Hair follicle openings Message:Hair follicle openings Participate:Hair follicle openings ... The small, regular pinpoint white dots represent hair follicle openings and eccrine sweat gland openings and are observed in ... Black dots, also known as "cadaverized hairs", represent pigmented hairs broken or destroyed at scalp level [1]. They are ... devoid of hairs or containing miniaturized, cadaverized or dystrophic hairs [10-12]. In alopecia areata, yellow dots are ...

https://dermoscopedia.org/Hair_follicle_openings

Choosing the best Vitamin D supplement will make a big difference for a strong and healthy body! Vitamin K2 is always an asset to take with your vitamin D. This… ...

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Hair follicles are the skin organs used to grow hair, and they are also the only organs in mammals that cycle through life and ... and secondary hair follicles (SF). The primary hair follicle occurs earlier, the hair bulb is large, the hair follicle is ... and each hair follicle group basically consists of one to five primary hair follicles and several secondary hair follicles ... Secondary hair follicles occur later, with small hair bulbs, short and thin hair follicles, no or only one underdeveloped ...

https://www.zheonemedical.com/news/what-is-a-hair-follicle/

Urine Today, Your Hair 2021 It took an act of Congress and six years of waiting, but at long last federal guidelines for hair- ... The FMSCA May Allow Hair Sample Testing for Drug Screens in 2021 The FMSCA May Allow Hair Sample Testing for Drug Screens in ... The FMSCA May Allow Hair Sample Testing for Drug Screens in 2021. ...

https://inoutlabs.com/blog/tag/hair-follicle-testing/

Overview of the Circadian Clock in the Hair Follicle Cycle. Niu, Ye; Wang, Yujie; Chen, Hao; Liu, Xiaomei; Liu, Jinyu. ... Hair follicles (HFs) maintain homeostasis through the HF cycle, which depends heavily on HF stem cell self-renewal and the ... Overview of the Circadian Clock in the Hair Follicle Cycle. ... circadian rhythm; hair follicle cycling; metabolism; reactive ... An improved understanding of the role of the circadian clock in HFs may facilitate the discovery of new drug targets for hair ...

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Improve blood circulation in the scalp, stimulating new hair growth. ... breakage and thickens thinning hair and packed with Omega-3, Omega-6 and Omega-9 fatty acids, which are necessary in ... Daus Hair Follicle Food is infused with Hemp Oil and a formula that encourages growth, stops shedding, ... Daus Hair Follicle Food. The average person loses between 60-100 hairs a day. Dr. Daus Hair Follicle Food is infused with ...

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Hair Follicle Drug Testing , , Same Day Service, Employment, Court Ordered, School, Urine, Hair, Alcohol, ETG, DNA Testing, 5, ... Hair Follicle Drug Test. In recent years the method to conduct drug testing has more frequently included a hair follicle drug ... Hair Follicle Drug Test Process. The procedure used to perform a hair follicle test is simple, the drug testing specialist will ... Hair Follicle Drug Test Results. Once the hair follicles have been analyzed by a certified laboratory they will then be ...

https://accrediteddrugtesting.com/hair-follicle-drug-testing/hair-follicle-drug-testing-maryland/hair-follicle-drug-testing-point-of-rocks-md/

The researchers found that with the start of the hair's growth phase, mutated melanocyte stem cells migrated up the hair follicle and into the epidermis. (nih.gov)

The primary hair follicle occurs earlier, the hair bulb is large, the hair follicle is longer and thicker, it has two developed sebaceous glands (Sebaceous gland, SG), and the hair shaft generally has medulla. (zheonemedical.com)

The paper concludes particle size "plays an important role in follicular penetration,' and "[p]enetration into the hair follicles is a fast process in comparison to the release of the nanoparticles our of the follicles, which continues for some days. (technologylawsource.com)
It's been described as a miniorgan with its own cell divisions, metabolism, and ageing stages, eventually losing old hair and regrowing new hair from the same follicular tissue. (paparesearch.com)
They correspond to empty follicular openings of follicles in kenogen phase. (dermoscopedia.org)

To identify pathways controlling the relative patterning of eccrine glands and hair follicles, we exploited natural variation in the density of these organs between different strains of mice. (harvard.edu)
Differential and allelic expression analysis of the genes within this interval coupled with subsequent functional studies demonstrated that the level of En1 activity directs the relative numbers of eccrine glands and hair follicles. (harvard.edu)

Outside the inner root sheath, the outer root sheath is composed of thick cells that surround the entire inner root sheath and hair shaft. (zheonemedical.com)

In the next few weeks, as your hair starts growing, you will carry around cannabis metabolites around your scalp, which means that you will not pass the test. (paco-magic.com)
It is based on the idea that during that time, the hair will get past the scalp, and it will be the part of samples that administrators will take during the screening. (paco-magic.com)
You will need between five and ten days before the metabolites enter your hair, and since administrators will take 1.5 inches of hair from your scalp, you will have compounds inside. (paco-magic.com)
Black dots, also known as "cadaverized hairs", represent pigmented hairs broken or destroyed at scalp level [1]. (dermoscopedia.org)
Improve blood circulation in the scalp, stimulating new hair growth. (juanderfulproducts.com)
Also called spot baldness, this is an autoimmune disorder which causes hair loss in single or multiple bald patches on scalp and other areas (Alopecia areata monolocularis) of the body. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
In addition, rigorous brushing, heat styling and rough scalp massage can damage the cuticle, the hard outer casing of the hair. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
Nutra Cleanse Folli-Clean Shampoo will cleanse your hair of these unwanted toxins to help promote cleaner hair and a healthy scalp. (passyourtest.com)
Minoxidil Topical Aerosol, 5% (For Women) is a white foam containing 5% minoxidil for use only on the scalp to help regrow hair in women. (nih.gov)
Minoxidil Topical Aerosol, 5% (For Women) may be appropriate for you if you are an adult who is at least 18 years old and experiencing gradually thinning hair or gradual hair loss on the top of your scalp. (nih.gov)

Zydot is hair cleansing shampoo to remove every sort of toxins from your hair. (passdrugtest.net)
If you are looking for the right kind of shampoo to use in order to keep your hair free from drug residue, you'll have to find a brand that gets all the toxins removed from your hair. (the420times.com)
In order to get your drug test concerns out of the way and fast, the best thing to do is to take a look at these seven great shampoo options in order to keep your hair detox free for your drug test! (the420times.com)
The Old Style Aloe Toxin Rid Shampoo not only needs you to put it on every day before you go to your hair test, but it's also advised to have it go with Ultra Clean since both shampoos are complementary with each other. (the420times.com)
Before applying the Old Style Aloe Toxin Rid Shampoo, first, you will need to put on some normal shampoo and then rinse it off your hair. (the420times.com)
Next, use a small portion of the Toxin Rid Shampoo and then soak it around your head before rinsing it off with regular conditioner on your hair before finishing your shower. (the420times.com)
Of course, the worst thing that you can do is to tell yourself that you will fail, because you can find ways to beat it by using hair testing shampoo such as Aloe Rid (old formula). (paco-magic.com)
Nutra Cleanse Folli-Clean Shampoo will cleanse your hair of unwanted toxins in 60 minutes. (passyourtest.com)
Our Extreme Total Body Cleanse Program allows you to first cleanse your body with our permanent cleanser and then cleanse your hair of toxins using the cleansing shampoo leaving your total body permanently cleansed of unwanted toxins. (passyourtest.com)

DKK-1 inhibited hair growth, and PG extract dramatically reversed the effect of DKK-1 on ex vivo human hair organ culture. (spandidos-publications.com)
Importantly for hair research, the team discovered that when this olfactory receptor is stimulated in hair follicle organ culture, the follicles produced more insulin growth factor-1, an important growth factor involved in maintaining hair growth. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)

While targeting dividing cancer cells, this treatment also affects hair's growth phase with the result that almost 90% of hairs fall out soon after chemotherapy starts. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
Induction of massive apoptosis of hair follicle cells by chemotherapy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), but the underlying mechanisms of regulation are not well understood. (cdc.gov)

These findings suggested that PG extract may reduce hair loss despite the presence of DKK-1, a strong catagen inducer via apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hydroxyl radical mediates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes through Bcl-2-dependent mechanism. (cdc.gov)

In a previous study, the authors identified that PG extract induced hair growth by means of a mechanism similar to that of minoxidil. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, the inhibitory effect of PG extract on Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1)-induced catagen-like changes in hair follicles (HFs) was investigated in addition to the underlying mechanism of action. (spandidos-publications.com)
The study concluded "movement of hairs may act as a pumping mechanism pushing the nanoparticles deep into the hair follicles. (technologylawsource.com)
The scientists also explained the follicle 'release' mechanism was natural sebum production. (technologylawsource.com)

Formulated to cleanse toxins from your hair! (passdrugtest.net)
The idea is that hair tends to grow at 0.5 inches per month, which means that you will need three months to cleanse yourself thoroughly. (paco-magic.com)

A hair follicle drug test can detect drug use over the past 90 days. (medicinenet.com)
If you have used the drug for the first time, a hair follicle test may fail to detect drug use. (medicinenet.com)
In most cases, hair follicle testing can detect drug use as far back as 90 days . (requestatest.com)

A rare form of skin cancer may sometimes start with cancer-causing mutations in hair follicle stem cells. (nih.gov)
These cells are found in the skin, eyes, and hair. (nih.gov)
The findings will require confirmation in human studies, but they suggest that melanoma can arise from melanocyte stem cells in hair follicles as well as from melanocytes in skin layers. (nih.gov)
Each hair sits in a cavity in the skin called a follicle. (medlineplus.gov)
Sagging skin, hair loss, age spots are other skin imperfections are the hallmark signs of decreased cell activity due to aging. (wowcoolstuff.com)
These findings implicate En1 as a newly identified and reciprocal determinant of hair follicle and eccrine gland density and identify a pathway that could have contributed to the evolution of the unique features of human skin. (harvard.edu)
The ligand used to stimulate this hair follicle olfactory receptor is Sandalore®, a synthetic mimic of natural sandalwood oil and is commonly used in skin and haircare products, as well as in some drinks worldwide. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
The scientists found the nano food dye penetrated much deeper into hair follicles than its counterpart when a mechanical massage was applied to the porcine skin. (technologylawsource.com)
The scientists also conducted a second experiment - in vivo human skin - to determine how long the nano food dye was retained in hair follicles compared to its non-nano counterpart. (technologylawsource.com)
A follicle implanted in the skin and a protruding shaft comprise human hair. (paparesearch.com)
The small, regular pinpoint white dots represent hair follicle openings and eccrine sweat gland openings and are observed in sun exposed areas and in dark skin phototypes regardless of hair loss [1]. (dermoscopedia.org)
Hair follicles are the skin organs used to grow hair, and they are also the only organs in mammals that cycle through life and are distributed on the entire body surface skin except palms, soles and lips. (zheonemedical.com)
Major changes in the skin, including hair loss. (cdc.gov)
A drawing of skin and a hair follicle. (nih.gov)
7. Hair follicle nevus of the abdominal skin: an unusual extracephalic presentation. (nih.gov)

How is a hair follicle test different from a urine drug test? (medicinenet.com)

It is considered to be caused by hair follicles becoming dormant, however what triggers alopecia areata is not exactly proven. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)

The DP, which is surrounded by the dermal sheath and the hair matrix, is considered to be essential to hair induction because of secreted diffusible proteins that regulate the growth and activity of the various cells in the follicle ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Scientists at the Monasterium Laboratory have discovered that human hair follicles sense their environment and this research has helped support the launch of Bioscalin® Signal Revolution for hair fall, by research sponsor Giuliani. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
These research results led the scientists at Monasterium and the Italian sponsor of this research Giuliani to wonder whether the activation of OR2AT4 could be a promising cosmeceutical or pharmaceutical strategy for treating hair growth disorders. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
The scientists found the nano food dye was stored in hair follicles for 10 days, while its counterpart was stored for only 4 days. (technologylawsource.com)
Combining both tests, the scientists believe hair follicles may be used as a successful reservoir for possible use in nanoscale dermal drug delivery applications. (technologylawsource.com)

Hair follicles are composed of connective tissue sheath (CTS), inner root sheath (IRS), outer root sheath (ORS), hair bulb (Hair bulb) and hair shaft (Hair shaft), etc. (zheonemedical.com)
The inner root sheath is a rigid structure that surrounds the hair shaft, determines the shape of the hair shaft, and consists of the sheath, Huxley's layer, and Henle's layer. (zheonemedical.com)
Secondary hair follicles occur later, with small hair bulbs, short and thin hair follicles, no or only one underdeveloped sebaceous gland, and no medulla in the hair shaft. (zheonemedical.com)

The effects of PG extract on cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic effect, and hair growth were observed using cultured outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes and human HFs with or without DKK-1 treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
The ORS keratinocytes of the HF surround the hair fiber and inner root sheath. (spandidos-publications.com)
Hair growth and the cycling of HFs requires reciprocal interactions between the human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and ORS keratinocytes ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study investigated the apoptotic effect of cisplatin in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells and HaCaT keratinocytes, and determined the identity and role of specific reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the process. (cdc.gov)

Melanocyte stem cells are found within hair follicles, shown here. (nih.gov)
Melanocyte stem cells, the source of melanocytes, are found in the lower portion of hair follicles. (nih.gov)
To explore this potential origin of melanoma, a team of researchers led by Dr. Mayumi Ito at NYU Langone Health genetically engineered mice with oncogenic gene mutations in the melanocyte stem cells within hair follicles. (nih.gov)
Stem cells (in green) of the hair follicle (outlined in magenta) reside in a specialized niche, called the bulge (outlined in red). (nih.gov)
In the absence of FOXC1, the stem cells adhere poorly and can maintain only one hair, as in the image on the right. (nih.gov)
This can result in loss of the hair as the stem cells are depleted. (nih.gov)

Hair follicle dilatation tends to be multifocal to diffuse, whereas epithelial cysts most often occur as focal, solitary lesions. (nih.gov)
Due to the constant extraction of the hair roots, permanent hair loss can occur. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)

Conditional deficiency of Cyp26b1 in the dermis (En1Cre;Cyp26b1f/-) results in decreased hair follicle density and specific effect on hair type, indicating that RA levels also influence regulators of hair bending. (nih.gov)
The evolution of this novel physiological ability required a dramatic increase in the density and distribution of eccrine sweat glands relative to other mammals and a concomitant reduction of body hair cover. (harvard.edu)
Moreover, although reciprocal changes in hair cover and eccrine gland density are required for efficient thermoregulation, it is unclear if these changes are linked by a common genetic regulation. (harvard.edu)

Urine Today, Your Hair 2021 It took an act of Congress and six years of waiting, but at long last federal guidelines for hair-sample drug tests specific to the trucking industry will be made available in 2021. (inoutlabs.com)

At Nano Follicle Hair Implant, we blend the most advanced technology, equipments and the vast experience of our expert team of surgeons to provide you a proven range of hair loss treatments through our centres at Vijayawada, Mangalore and Chennai. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)

Together with professor Ralf Paus from the University of Miami and professor Hanns Hatt from Ruhr-University of Bochum, the team at Monasterium Laboratory revealed that human hair follicles express a specific olfactory (smell) receptor called OR2AT4, which is more usually associated with detecting odours and perfumes. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
The procedure used to perform a hair follicle test is simple, the drug testing specialist will cut approximately 120 strands of hair (not really a lot) utilize a chain of custody procedure and send the hair to a certified laboratory for analysis. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
Once the hair follicles have been analyzed by a certified laboratory they will then be reviewed and then verified by a Medical Review Officer (licensed Physician) who will than release the results. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)

This makes individual strands to become weak and break off, reducing overall hair volume. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)

Hair follicle drug testing is a great way to screen for drugs and provides a longer detection period than other specimen types. (requestatest.com)
Request A Test offers a variety of hair follicle drug testing options at over 4,000 local labs . (requestatest.com)
In addition to hair testing, Request A Test also offers a full menu of urine, blood, and saliva drug testing . (requestatest.com)
They pointed out that the federal government has refused to authorize hair testing in drug screening of federal employees and employees of private industries for which the government regulates drug testing. (heylroyster.com)
Accredited Drug Testing Inc provides Hair Follicle drug testing , for individuals and employers needing a drug test utilizing the hair follicle analysis process. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
Hair follicle drug testing , is available for 5, 10, and 12 panel drug screenings. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
Hair follicle drug testing is becoming a more popular method by employers and individuals in need of a drug test due to the detection time frame being longer than a standard urine test. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
Local Hair follicle drug testing , centers are available to assist our clients throughout the entire process and all of our hair follicle drug testing , facilities have certified drug testing technicians available to conduct a hair follicle drug test collection. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
In recent years the method to conduct drug testing has more frequently included a hair follicle drug test. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
Drug testing centers require at least 1.5 inches of hair to perform this test and the hair generally needs to come from the head, however if the donor does not have head hair certain testing centers can use hair from chest, leg or arm pit. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)

Generally a negative hair follicle drug test result is available in 2-3 days. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
It is generally found in people with ponytails, tight braids or any hairstyles that typically pull on hair with excessive force. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)

Our hair follicle cleansers will help remove unwanted toxins from your head and body hair. (passyourtest.com)

Therefore, in the next three months, you will fail the hair drug test, and that is something you should remember. (paco-magic.com)

Trace amounts of drug metabolites become entrapped in the core of the hair as it grows out from the body at a rate of approximately one-half inch per month. (passdrugtest.net)
Plaintiffs argued that black individuals have higher levels of melanin in their hair and that causes cocaine and cocaine metabolites to bind to the hair at higher rates. (heylroyster.com)

Dilated hair follicles often contain small amounts of intraluminal keratin. (nih.gov)
Ordinarily, the hair should grow back but in men who are balding the very small follicle ceases to grow any hair. (medlineplus.gov)

Hair analysis not only detects if drugs of abuse have been used, it also provides information on the quantity and historic pattern of a person's drug use. (passdrugtest.net)

Figure Legend: Figure 1 Hair follicle dilatation-ectatic hair follicles with intraluminal keratin (arrows) in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. (nih.gov)
This study may give helpful insights into treating hair loss from disease or aging. (nih.gov)
In the present study, we demonstrate that specific levels of RA, regulated by Cyp26b1, one of the RA-degrading enzymes, are required for hair follicle (hf) morphogenesis. (nih.gov)

However, as soon as you smoke a joint, THC will enter your bloodstream, and in a matter of few days, it will enter your hair follicles and shortly afterward be the part of your newly grew hair. (paco-magic.com)

In case you are in search of a job, that is not a pleasant prospect, because today, hair tests became more popular than before. (paco-magic.com)

Together, our results indicate an essential role of hydroxyl radical in cisplatin-induced cell death of hair follicle cells through Bcl-2 regulation. (cdc.gov)

As a direct result, in 2016 Giuliani added Bioscalin® Signal-Revolution for hair fall to its haircare range. (clinicaltrialsarena.com)
As a result, the paper concludes "hair follicles represent an efficient reservoir for topically applied substances," and noted this 'reservoir' extends up to 200 nm into the underlying tissue. (technologylawsource.com)

Drugs can be detected for as long as 90 days after their consumption in hair follicle drug tests. (medicinenet.com)
Because there is a difference in the rates at which the hair grows, it is difficult to tell the exact days on which the drug was consumed. (medicinenet.com)
A hair follicle test can detect drugs used in the last 90 days preceding the test. (medicinenet.com)
It takes about 5 days for drugs to begin to appear in an individual's hair and will continue to be detectable in new hair for about 90 days. (passdrugtest.net)
The primary benefit of a hair follicle drug test include a much longer detection period for drug use which typically is up to 90 days. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)
A non-negative hair follicle drug test is available in approximately 5 days. (accrediteddrugtesting.com)

By confirming that oncogenic pigment cells in hair follicles are a bona fide source of melanoma, we have a better understanding of this cancer's biology and new ideas about how to counter it," Ito says. (nih.gov)

Over time the follicle can shrink causing the hair to become shorter and finer. (medlineplus.gov)
At the same time, hair color can also affect the sensitivity of the test, which means that darker hairs tend to be more sensitive than lighter shades, and that is something you should remember. (paco-magic.com)
This was the second time the First Circuit found that the hair follicle test had a statistical disparate impact on African American officers in violation of Title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. (heylroyster.com)
Traumas such as major surgery, poisoning, and severe stress may cause a hair loss condition known as telogen effluvium, in which a large number of hairs enter the resting phase at the same time, causing shedding and subsequent thinning hair in men and women alike. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
it takes time to regrow hair. (nih.gov)

Yellow dots, appearing as large "3D" soap bubbles imposed over dark dystrophic hairs are specific for dissecting cellulitis [1, 5]. (dermoscopedia.org)

Researchers have identified the protein FOXC1, as a regulator which controls how quickly the hairs regenerate and helps maintain multiple bulges and hairs. (nih.gov)
Protein/calorie deficiencies inhibit hair growth. (cdc.gov)

In humans, excess RA is associated with hair loss. (nih.gov)
An improved understanding of the role of the circadian clock in HFs may facilitate the discovery of new drug targets for hair loss . (bvsalud.org)
This is the loss of hair caused by compulsive pulling and bending of the hairs. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
Temporary or permanent hair loss can also be caused by several medications, including those for heart disease, cholesterol, diabetes and blood pressure problems. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
This is a rare condition that destroys the hair follicle, replace it with scar tissue, and cause permanent hair loss. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
The hair loss may be accompanied with severe itching, pain and burning, and progress quickly. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
In other cases, the hair loss is gradual, without symptoms, and is unnoticed for long periods. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
An under-active thyroid and the side effects of its related medications has been found to cause hair loss, typically frontal, which is particularly associated with thinning of the outer third of the eyebrows (also seen with syphilis). (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
Hyperthyroidism (an over-active thyroid) can also cause hair loss, though parietal rather than frontal. (nanofolliclehairtransplant.com)
Hair loss in patches. (cdc.gov)

Quantitative trait locus mapping identified a large region on mouse Chromosome 1 that controls both hair and eccrine gland densities. (harvard.edu)

What drugs can typically be detected with a hair follicle test? (medicinenet.com)

If a donor has no hair on their body, than a hair test cannot be performed! (accrediteddrugtesting.com)

Try with Juanderful Hair Serum and Natural Hair Butter . (juanderfulproducts.com)

As soon as administrators take your hair samples, they will remove external substances and contaminants and place into the solution that will break it down into particles. (paco-magic.com)

Anatomy37

Organisms8

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Diverse developing mouse lineages exhibit high-level c-Myb expression in immature cells and loss of expression upon differentiation. (1/1203)

WNT signaling in the control of hair growth and structure. (2/1203)

Procyanidin oligomers selectively and intensively promote proliferation of mouse hair epithelial cells in vitro and activate hair follicle growth in vivo. (3/1203)

Topical gene delivery to murine skin. (4/1203)

Association between mouse nude gene expression and the initiation of epithelial terminal differentiation. (5/1203)

UVB irradiation stimulates deposition of new elastic fibers by modified epithelial cells surrounding the hair follicles and sebaceous glands in mice. (6/1203)

Highly persistent label-retaining cells in the hair follicles of mice and their fate following induction of anagen. (7/1203)

A rapid and dynamic regulation of GDNF-family ligands and receptors correlate with the developmental dependency of cutaneous sensory innervation. (8/1203)

Hair Follicle

Hair

Ovarian Follicle

Alopecia

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Hair Diseases

Epidermis

Hair Removal

Sebaceous Glands

Scalp

Hair Color

Hair Cells, Auditory

Skin

Keratin-15

Keratinocytes

Dermis

Keratins, Hair-Specific

Ectodysplasins

Ovary

Keratins

Granulosa Cells

Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner

Alopecia Areata

Ovulation

Follicular Fluid

Stem Cells

Hypotrichosis

Skin Abnormalities

Melanocytes

Hair Dyes

Mice, Transgenic

Hair Cells, Vestibular

Morphogenesis

Hair Preparations

Theca Cells

Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer

Follicular Cyst

Cell Differentiation

Keratin-14

Keratins, Type II

Vibrissae

Estradiol

Progesterone

Skin Physiological Phenomena

Hypertrichosis

Regeneration

Oocytes

Immunohistochemistry

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Edar-Associated Death Domain Protein

Skin Transplantation

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

In Situ Hybridization

Organ Culture Techniques

Hedgehog Proteins

Sweat Glands

Luteinizing Hormone

Signal Transduction

beta Catenin

Oogenesis

Skin Neoplasms

Multipotent Stem Cells

Pilomatrixoma

Wound Healing

Mice, Knockout

Melanins

Inhibins

Wnt Proteins

Tissue Culture Techniques

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Intermediate Filament Proteins

Mice, Mutant Strains

RNA, Messenger

Cells, Cultured

Minoxidil

Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1

Fibroblast Growth Factor 5

Animals, Newborn

Androstenedione

Eccrine Glands