AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Growth PlateChondrocytesBone DevelopmentEpiphysesTibiaCartilageBone PlatesOsteochondrodysplasiasMetatarsal BonesCollagen Type XChondrogenesisCalcification, PhysiologicBone and BonesOsteogenesisThiramMetacarpusFemurGrowth Differentiation Factor 10HypertrophyParathyroid Hormone-Related ProteinBone Diseases, DevelopmentalReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3SkeletonDwarfismHedgehog ProteinsRibsSOXD Transcription FactorsAchondroplasiaCell DifferentiationReceptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1Exostoses, Multiple HereditaryCartilage, ArticularOsteochondritisIn Situ HybridizationBone MatrixHumerusCollagen Type IINeural PlateHyperostosisPeriosteumRicketsGrowth DisordersGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAggrecansOsteoblastsCollagenOssification, HeterotopicCell ProliferationAlkaline PhosphataseInsulin-Like Growth Factor IFemur HeadExtracellular Matrix ProteinsCore Binding Factor Alpha 1 SubunitMatrilin ProteinsSOX9 Transcription FactorImmunohistochemistryRats, Sprague-DawleyCells, CulturedMice, KnockoutSkull BaseMicrodissectionCell Division24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3
Growth Plate
The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.
Chondrocytes
Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.
Bone Development
The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.
Epiphyses
The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.
Tibia
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
Cartilage
A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.
Bone Plates
Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture gap and shield the fracture site from stress as bone heals. (UMDNS, 1999)
Osteochondrodysplasias
Abnormal development of cartilage and bone.
Metatarsal Bones
The five long bones of the METATARSUS, articulating with the TARSAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF TOES distally.
Collagen Type X
A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It is a homotrimer of three identical alpha1(X) subunits.
Chondrogenesis
The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.
Calcification, Physiologic
Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.
Bone and Bones
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
Osteogenesis
The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.
Thiram
A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.
Metacarpus
The region of the HAND between the WRIST and the FINGERS.
Femur
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
Growth Differentiation Factor 10
A growth differentiation factor that is closely-related in structure to BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 3. Growth differentiation factor 10 is found at high levels in BONE, however it plays an additional roles in regulating EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
A ubiquitously expressed, secreted protein with bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption activities that are similar to PARATHYROID HORMONE. It does not circulate in appreciable amounts in normal subjects, but rather exerts its biological actions locally. Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein by tumor cells results in humoral calcemia of malignancy.
Bone Diseases, Developmental
Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3
A fibroblast growth factor receptor that regulates CHONDROCYTE growth and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Mutations in the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 have been associated with ACHONDROPLASIA; THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA and NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.
Skeleton
The rigid framework of connected bones that gives form to the body, protects and supports its soft organs and tissues, and provides attachments for MUSCLES.
Dwarfism
A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.
Hedgehog Proteins
A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action.
Ribs
A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.
SOXD Transcription Factors
A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. In addition to a conserved HMG-BOX DOMAIN, members of this group contain a leucine zipper motif which mediates protein DIMERIZATION.
Achondroplasia
An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)
Cell Differentiation
Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.
Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1
A parathyroid hormone receptor subtype that recognizes both PARATHYROID HORMONE and PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN. It is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed at high levels in BONE and in KIDNEY.
Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary
Hereditary disorder transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene and characterized by multiple exostoses (multiple osteochondromas) near the ends of long bones. The genetic abnormality results in a defect in the osteoclastic activity at the metaphyseal ends of the bone during the remodeling process in childhood or early adolescence. The metaphyses develop benign, bony outgrowths often capped by cartilage. A small number undergo neoplastic transformation.
Cartilage, Articular
A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.
Osteochondritis
Inflammation of a bone and its overlaying CARTILAGE.
In Situ Hybridization
A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.
Bone Matrix
Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.
Humerus
Bone in humans and primates extending from the SHOULDER JOINT to the ELBOW JOINT.
Collagen Type II
A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.
Neural Plate
The region in the dorsal ECTODERM of a chordate embryo that gives rise to the future CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Tissue in the neural plate is called the neuroectoderm, often used as a synonym of neural plate.
Hyperostosis
Increase in the mass of bone per unit volume.
Periosteum
Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.
Rickets
Disorders caused by interruption of BONE MINERALIZATION manifesting as OSTEOMALACIA in adults and characteristic deformities in infancy and childhood due to disturbances in normal BONE FORMATION. The mineralization process may be interrupted by disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis, resulting from dietary deficiencies, or acquired, or inherited metabolic, or hormonal disturbances.
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.
Aggrecans
Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
Collagen
A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).
Ossification, Heterotopic
The development of bony substance in normally soft structures.
Cell Proliferation
All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.
Alkaline Phosphatase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.
Femur Head
The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).
Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit
A transcription factor that dimerizes with CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding factor. It contains a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the runt domain and is involved in genetic regulation of skeletal development and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.
Matrilin Proteins
PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.
SOX9 Transcription Factor
A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Skull Base
The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.
Microdissection
The performance of dissections with the aid of a microscope.
Cell Division
The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3
A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.

Spatiotemporal expression of alternatively spliced IGF-I mRNA in the rat costochondral growth plate. (1/822)

IGF-I acts as a local proliferation and maturation factor for chondrocytes in the growth plate. However, the expression of different alternative IGF-I mRNA classes in the growth plate has not been characterized. Using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, the abundance of each alternative IGF-I mRNA class in resting, proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes was measured in rat costochondral growth plates. Class 1Ea mRNA was the most abundant IGF-I transcript overall and was highly expressed in proliferative chondrocytes at 2 and 4 weeks of age; by 6 weeks, the majority of 1Ea mRNA expression had shifted to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Class 1Eb mRNA was the second most abundant transcript and its distribution was uniform across all the cell types at 2 weeks of age. The expression pattern changed with increasing age such that at 6 weeks a gradient existed with hypertrophic chondrocytes expressing higher levels of 1Eb than resting chondrocytes. Class 2Ea mRNA was constitutively expressed at low levels across the growth plate at all ages, while class 2Eb mRNA expression was negligible. The distribution of total IGF-I mRNA also shifted across growth plate cell types as the animals aged from 2 to 6 weeks. These findings suggest that IGF-I class 1 mRNA plays the predominant role in the maturation of the growth plate.  (+info)

The bcl-2 knockout mouse exhibits marked changes in osteoblast phenotype and collagen deposition in bone as well as a mild growth plate phenotype. (2/822)

Histological examination of long bones from 1-day-old bcl-2 knockout and age-matched control mice revealed no obvious differences in length of bone, growth plate architecture or stage of endochondral ossification. In 35-day-old bcl-2 knockout mice that are growth retarded or 'dwarfed'. the proliferative zone of the growth plate appeared slightly thinner and the secondary centres of ossification less well developed than their age-matched wild-type controls. The most marked histological effects of bcl-2 ablation were on osteoblasts and bone. 35-day-old knockout mouse bones exhibited far greater numbers of osteoblasts than controls and the osteoblasts had a cuboidal phenotype in comparison with the normal flattened cell appearance. In addition, the collagen deposited by the osteoblasts in the bcl-2 knockout mouse bone was disorganized in comparison with control tissue and had a pseudo-woven appearance. The results suggest an important role for Bcl-2 in controlling osteoblast phenotype and bone deposition in vivo.  (+info)

A mouse model for achondroplasia produced by targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. (3/822)

Achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism in man, is a dominant genetic disorder caused by a point mutation (G380R) in the transmembrane region of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). We used gene targeting to introduce the human achondroplasia mutation into the murine FGFR3 gene. Heterozygotes for this point mutation that carried the neo cassette were normal whereas neo+ homozygotes had a phenotype similar to FGFR3-deficient mice, exhibiting bone overgrowth. This was because of interference with mRNA processing in the presence of the neo cassette. Removal of the neo selection marker by Cre/loxP recombination yielded a dominant dwarf phenotype. These mice are distinguished by their small size, shortened craniofacial area, hypoplasia of the midface with protruding incisors, distorted brain case with anteriorly shifted foramen magnum, kyphosis, and narrowed and distorted growth plates in the long bones, vertebrae, and ribs. These experiments demonstrate that achondroplasia results from a gain-of-FGFR3-function leading to inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation. These achondroplastic dwarf mice represent a reliable and useful model for developing drugs for potential treatment of the human disease.  (+info)

Aberrant death in dark chondrocytes of the avian growth plate. (4/822)

Growth plate chondrocytes of embryonic chick femurs were examined by electron microscopy, cytophotometry and autoradiography. Apart from the well-described 'light' chondrocyte, a different 'dark' type of chondrocyte was present, comprising 10 - 35% of the cell population. They were found at all stages of chondrocyte differentiation and in all ages of the femurs studied. Well developed rough endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi complex, many secretory vesicles, energetically active mitochondria and a lot of glycogen, indicating high activity of the cytoplasm, were combined with low RNA synthesis, gentle margination and scattered compaction of the chromatin. DNA cytometry revealed that most of dark cells were diploid, but 15 - 30% were tetraploid, with the absence of an S-phase. Substantial loss of DNA was found in about 10% of dark chondrocytes. The TUNEL reaction demonstrated a limited number of DNA strand breaks. Advanced dark cells possessed the nuclear features of both apoptosis and necrosis. Besides chromomeric-chromonemic compaction, a chromatin arrangement similar to that of prometaphase and metaphase, as well as amitotic nuclear segregation, all of them degenerative, were found. Our interpretation is that the dark chondrocytes undergo an aberrant type of cell death which may be combined with aberrant cell cycle. Cell death of dark chondrocytes is preceded by a pre-mortal burst of secretion.  (+info)

Growth plate cartilage formation and resorption are differentially depressed in growth retarded uremic rats. (5/822)

To characterize the modifications of growth plate in individuals with growth impairment secondary to chronic renal failure, young rats were made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy (NX) and, after 14 d, their tibial growth plates were studied and compared with those of sham-operated rats fed ad libitum (SAL) or pair-fed with NX (SPF). NX rats were growth retarded and severely uremic. Growth plate height (mean +/- SD) was much greater (P<0.05) in NX (868.4+/-85.4 microm) than SAL (570.1+/-93.5 microm) and SPF (551.9+/-99.7 microm) rats as a result of a higher (P<0.05) hypertrophic zone (661.0+/-89.7 versus 362.8+/-71.6 and 353.0+/-93.9 microm, respectively). The increased size of the growth plate was associated with a greater number of chondrocytes and modifications in their structure, particularly in the hypertrophic zone adjacent to bone. In this zone, chondrocytes of NX animals were significantly (P<0.05) smaller (12080.4+/-1158.3 microm3) and shorter (34.1+/-2.5 microm) than those of SAL (16302.8+/-1483.4 microm3 and 37.8+/-2.0 microm) and SPF (14465.8+/-1521.0 microm3 and 36.3+/-1.8 microm). The interface between the growth plate cartilage and the metaphyseal bone appeared markedly irregular in NX rats. Kinetics of chondrocytes was also modified (P<0.05) in the NX rats, which had lower cell turnover per column per day (5.4+/-0.9), longer duration of hypertrophic phase (89.0+/-15.2 h), and reduced cellular advance velocity (7.4+/-2.2 microm/h) compared with SAL (8.0+/-1.6, 32.1+/-6.7 h, and 11.3+/-2.7 microm/h) and SPF (7.2+/-1.1, 34.8+/-5.1 h, and 10.1+/-2.5 microm/h). Cell proliferation was no different among the three groups. Because the growth plates of SPF and SAL rats were substantially not different, modifications observed in the NX rats cannot be attributed to the nutritional deficit associated with renal failure. These findings indicate that chronic renal failure depresses both the activity of the growth plate cartilage by altering chondrocyte hypertrophy and the replacement of cartilage by bone at the metaphyseal end. The two processes are differentially depressed since cartilage resorption is more severely lowered than cartilage enlargement and this leads to an accumulation of cartilage at the hypertrophic zone.  (+info)

Measurement of biological activity of somatotropin in hypophysectomized rats. (6/822)

AIM: To develop a method for measurement of biological activity of recombinant DNA-derived somatotropin (rhGH). METHODS: The effects of varying the route, frequency and period of administration of GH, the sex of test animals on the biological responses, body weight gain (BWG), and tibial epiphyseal width (TEW), of hypophysectomized (Hypox) rats were compared, respectively. 4-d BWG, 6-d BWG, and 6-d TEW tests were carried out simultaneously in the same group of Hypox rats to determine the biopotency of GH preparations according to a parallel line bioassay (6-point assay). The final result was chosen from the test which had smaller values for the index of precision (lambda) and the average rate of fiducial limits (ARFL) than other tests. RESULTS: No significant differences in the responses between male and female rats, between sc and im, once daily and twice daily injections of bGH were found. But the BWG and TEW of Hypox rats injected with 0.045 and 0.135 IU.d-1 of bGH for 6 d were significantly greater than that for 4 d. Both 4-d BWG test and 6-d BWG test in the range from 0.020 to 0.500 IU.d-1 had values for lambda = 0.0660 and 0.1747, and for r = 0.9000 and 0.9237, respectively. Three estimates of rhGH preparation compared with the International Standard for somatotropin (IShGH), 4.6132, 3.9829, and 4.8023 IU/ampoule, were obtained separately from 4-d BWG test, 6-d BWG test and 6-d TEW test. And the result from 6-d BWG test was reported finally because it had smaller values for lambda and ARFL (0.0608 and 37.907%) than other two tests. CONCLUSION: Both BWG test and TEW test can be carried out simultaneously in the same group of Hypox rats. 6-d BWG test seemed to be more suitable for potency determination of GH preparations than 4-d BWG test and 6-d TEW test.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical observations on the initial disorders of the epiphyseal growth plate in rats induced by high dose of vitamin A. (7/822)

The initial disorders of the epiphyseal growth plate cartilage were immunohistochemically examined in the proximal tibia of rats administered a high dose of vitamin A. Male Wistar rats were given 100,000 IU/100 g body weight/day of vitamin A for administration periods of 1 to 5 days (Day 1 to 5) from 4 weeks after birth or were given deionized water and used as control. They were sacrificed after 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injection on Day 1 to Day 5 to remove the tibiae. The tibiae were processed for immunohistochemical examinations using antibodies against type I, II, X collagens and BrdU. BrdU-incorporated chondrocytes and type X collagen-negative area were reduced since Day 2 and type X collagen-positive area was reduced since Day 4. The cartilage matrix partially lost type II collagen and deposited type I collagen in the epiphyseal growth plate near the periosteum on Day 5. These findings suggest that a high dose of vitamin A initially disturbed the differentiation from resting to proliferating chondrocytes, subsequently inhibited the differentiation from proliferating to hypertrophic chondrocytes, caused the chondrocytes to deviate from the process of normal differentiation, and finally resulted in the deformation of the epiphyseal growth plate.  (+info)

Cathepsin expression during skeletal development. (8/822)

Cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B, H, K, L and S, have been implicated in several proteolytic processes during development, growth, remodeling and aging, as well as in a variety of pathological processes. For systematic analysis of cathepsin gene expression we have produced cDNA clones for mouse and human cysteine cathepsins. Northern analysis of a panel of total RNAs isolated from 16-19 different human and mouse tissues revealed the presence of mRNAs for cathepsin B, H, K, L and S in most tissues, but each with a distinct profile. Of the different cathepsin mRNAs, those for cathepsin K were clearly the highest in bone and cartilage. However, relatively high mRNA levels for the other cathepsins were also present in these tissues. To better understand the roles of different cathepsins during endochondral ossification in mouse long bones, cathepsin mRNAs were localized by in situ hybridization. Cathepsin K mRNAs were predominantly seen in multinucleated chondroclastic and osteoclastic cells at the osteochondral junction and on the surface of bone spicules. The other cathepsin mRNAs were also seen in osteoclasts, and in hypertrophic and proliferating chondrocytes. These observations were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and suggest that all cysteine cathepsins are involved in matrix degradation during endochondral ossification.  (+info)

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welcome to kiokee mastiffs mastiff growth plate closure, limb length discrepancy musculoskeletal key, 3 answers when do the epiphyseal plates close and is there a way, determination of the closure time of growth plates of tibia fibula, growth plate fractures orthoinfo aaos
http://plot.vlta.co/growth-plate-closure-chart/
7. Regulation of growth plate chondrocytes and bone cells7. Regulation of growth plate chondrocytes and bone cells
7.1. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I & IGF-II). Of the growth factors, those with the most potent effects on growing skeletal tissue are the IGFs, previously known as somatomedins. IGFs are synthesised in the liver and circulate bound to carrier proteins (Froesch et al., 1985). The major factors regulating IGF concentrations in serum are growth hormone, nutritional intake and thyroid hormones, the latter being necessary for growth hormone secretion. The traditional view was that growth hormone acted indirectly on the growth plate via IGF-I, a potent mitogen for growth plate chondrocytes. However, there is increasing evidence that growth hormone has direct effects on the growth plate (Tripper et al., 1989). (This close relationship between circulating IGFs and growth hormone will be discussed in more detail in the chapter covering the hormonal regulation of growth.). In addition to having effects on the growth plate chondrocytes, locally synthesised and circulating IGFs retained in bone matrix ...
http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/food2/UID06E/UID06E0V.HTM
Growth Plate Injuries - knee, leg - World of Sports ScienceGrowth Plate Injuries - knee, leg - World of Sports Science
Every one of the long skeletal bones in the body has a growth plate that governs its rate of the bone growth and development. This growth plate, or physis, is located near the end of each long bone, adjoining the head of the bone, called the epiphysis. The release of growth hormone, somatotropin, interacts with the cells of the growth plate during periods of cellular creation. As a child grows, the growth plates harden by a process known as ossification of the bone cells, eventually disappearing when the body reaches maturity. Thus, growth plate injuries are, by definition, damage sustained by a child or an adolescent.. Bones such as the tibia and fibula (lower leg), the radius (forearm), and the femur (thigh) are structures that commonly sustain growth plate damage. The growth plate in a child or adolescent is often softer than the supporting ligaments and connective tissues, because bones form more slowly, rendering the growth plate more vulnerable to fracture.. The period in physical ...
http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Fo-Ha/Growth-Plate-Injuries.html
24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>] controls growth plate development by inhibiting apoptosis in...24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>] controls growth plate development by inhibiting apoptosis in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - 24R,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3] controls growth plate development by inhibiting apoptosis in the reserve zone and stimulating response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 in hypertrophic cells. AU - Boyan, B. D.. AU - Hurst-Kennedy, J.. AU - Denison, T. A.. AU - Schwartz, Z.. PY - 2010/7/1. Y1 - 2010/7/1. N2 - Previously we showed that costochondral growth plate resting zone (RC) chondrocytes response primarily to 24R,25(OH)2D3 whereas prehypertrophic and hypertrophic (GC) cells respond to 1α,25(OH)2D3. 24R,25(OH)2D3 increases RC cell proliferation and inhibits activity of matrix processing enzymes, suggesting it stabilizes cells in the reserve zone, possibly by inhibiting the matrix degradation characteristic of apoptotic hypertrophic GC cells. To test this, apoptosis was induced in rat RC cells by treatment with exogenous inorganic phosphate (Pi). 24R,25(OH)2D3 blocked apoptotic effects in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, apoptosis was induced in ATDC5 cell cultures and ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/24r25-dihydroxyvitamin-d3-24r25ohsub2subdsub3sub-controls-growth-
Expression and production of stathmin in growth plate chondrocytes is cell-maturation dependent<...Expression and production of stathmin in growth plate chondrocytes is cell-maturation dependent<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression and production of stathmin in growth plate chondrocytes is cell-maturation dependent. AU - Hummert, Thomas W.. AU - Schwartz, Zvi. AU - Sylvia, Victor L.. AU - Dean, David D.. AU - Hardin, Robert R.. AU - Boyan, Barbara D.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Growth plate cartilage is comprised of linear columns of chondrocytes with the least differentiated cells at one end and the terminally differentiated cells at the other end. Rat costochondral chondrocytes can be divided into the resting cell zone (reserve cell zone), which contains relatively immature chondrocytes (RC cells), and the phenotypically more mature prehypertrophic and upper hypertrophic cell zones, which together may be termed the growth zone chondrocytes (GC cells). When grown separately in monolayer culture, they continue to express their zone-specific phenotype, providing a model for assessing cell-maturation-dependent expression of molecules associated with differentiation. Stathmin (also called prosolin, ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/expression-and-production-of-stathmin-in-growth-plate-chondrocyte
Deletion of Vhlh in chondrocytes reduces cell proliferation and increases matrix deposition during growth plate development. -...Deletion of Vhlh in chondrocytes reduces cell proliferation and increases matrix deposition during growth plate development. -...
The von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is a component of a ubiquitin ligase that promotes proteolysis of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible-factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha), the key molecule in the hypoxic response. We have used conditional inactivation of murine VHL (Vhlh) in all cartilaginous elements to investigate its role in endochondral bone development. Mice lacking Vhlh in cartilage are viable, but grow slower than control littermates and develop a severe dwarfism. Morphologically, Vhlh null growth plates display a significantly reduced chondrocyte proliferation rate, increased extracellular matrix, and presence of atypical large cells within the resting zone. Furthermore, stabilization of the transcription factor HIF1alpha leads to increased expression levels of HIF1alpha target genes in Vhlh null growth plates. Lastly, newborns lacking both Vhlh and Hif1a genes in growth plate chondrocytes display essentially the same phenotype as Hif1a null single mutant mice suggesting that
https://www.oncology.ox.ac.uk/publications/958583
What are Growth Plates & When Do Growth Plates Close?What are Growth Plates & When Do Growth Plates Close?
The growth plate, which is also known by the name of epiphyseal plate, is an area of growing tissues along the end of the long bones in a child. The growth plate determines how the length and shape of the bone will be once the child attains puberty. Normally, the growth plate closes once the child has attained puberty. Thus for females, the normal age at which time the growth plate should close is between 12-14 years and for males it is between 14-16 years.
https://www.epainassist.com/bones/what-are-growth-plates-and-when-do-growth-plates-close
A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate.A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate.
Newton PT, Li L, Zhou B, Schweingruber C, Hovorakova M, Xie M, Sun X, Sandhow L, Artemov AV, Ivashkin E, Suter S, Dyachuk V, El Shahawy M, Gritli-Linde A, Bouderlique T, Petersen J, Mollbrink A, Lundeberg J, Enikolopov G, Qian H, Fried K, Kasper M, Hedlund E, Adameyko I, Sävendahl L, Chagin AS Nature 567 (7747) 234-238 [2019-03-00; online 2019-02-27] Longitudinal bone growth in children is sustained by growth plates, narrow discs of cartilage that provide a continuous supply of chondrocytes for endochondral ossification 1. However, it remains unknown how this supply is maintained throughout childhood growth. Chondroprogenitors in the resting zone are thought to be gradually consumed as they supply cells for longitudinal growth1,2, but this model has never been proved. Here, using clonal genetic tracing with multicolour reporters and functional perturbations, we demonstrate that longitudinal growth during the fetal and neonatal periods involves depletion of chondroprogenitors, whereas later in ...
https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/119e2b2c180c420caed1f5ea104e8518
Role of G-proteins in the differentiation of epiphyseal chondrocytes. - Semantic ScholarRole of G-proteins in the differentiation of epiphyseal chondrocytes. - Semantic Scholar
Herein, we review the regulation of differentiation of the growth plate chondrocytes by G-proteins. In connection with this, we summarize the current knowledge regarding each family of G-protein α subunit, specifically, Gα(s), Gα(q/11), Gα(12/13), and Gα(i/o). We discuss different mechanisms involved in chondrocyte differentiation downstream of G-proteins and different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activating G-proteins in the epiphyseal chondrocytes. We conclude that among all G-proteins and GPCRs expressed by chondrocytes, Gα(s) has the most important role and prevents premature chondrocyte differentiation. Receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTHR1) appears to be the major activator of Gα(s) in chondrocytes and ablation of either one leads to accelerated chondrocyte differentiation, premature fusion of the postnatal growth plate, and ultimately short stature.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Role-of-G-proteins-in-the-differentiation-of-epiph-Chagin-Kronenberg/ea2f04d0f9ac4d15ffc57364d9310e652de9d9c1
Growth Plate | Article about Growth Plate by The Free DictionaryGrowth Plate | Article about Growth Plate by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Growth Plate? Find out information about Growth Plate. The broad, articular surface on each end of a vertebral centrum. The thin layer of cartilage between the epiphysis and the shaft of a long bone. Explanation of Growth Plate
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Growth+Plate
Fractures Involving Growth Plates - Animal Surgical Center of MichiganFractures Involving Growth Plates - Animal Surgical Center of Michigan
The growth plates are much softer than other regions of the bones, therefore are more prone to injury. Since most of the longitudinal growth of bones occurs up to eight months of age, growth plate injuries that occur after this point are not as devastating. A portion of the damaged growth plate may remain functional (open) and thus the bone and limb becomes twisted. Surgery is generally done as soon as possible after this type of injury occurs. Anatomy. ...
https://www.animalsurgicalcenter.com/conditions/fractures-involving-growth-plates/
Growth Plate Fractures - OrthoInfo - AAOSGrowth Plate Fractures - OrthoInfo - AAOS
Growth plates are areas of cartilage at the ends of the bodys long bones. Because the growth plates are the last portion of a childs bones to harden (ossify), they are particularly vulnerable to fracture.
https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/growth-plate-fractures/
HIF-1 Regulation of Chondrocyte Apoptosis: Induction of the Autophagic by J. Bohensky, I. M. Shapiro et al.HIF-1 Regulation of Chondrocyte Apoptosis: Induction of the Autophagic by J. Bohensky, I. M. Shapiro et al.
The goal of our investigation was to explore the mechanism by which hypoxia regulates growth plate chondrocyte survival. At low O2 tension, chondrocytes were refractory to a staurosporine (i.e., apoptosis-inducing) challenge. To determine whether hypoxic survival was due to the expression of HIF-1, we evaluated the response of HIF silenced cells to staurosporine. Both, silenced cells and control chondrocytes were equally sensitive to the apoptogen challenge. To learn if resistance was mediated by the proteins of the autophagic pathway, we examined the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3. Both proteins were present in the growth plate as well as in N1511 chondrocytes. Moreover, silencing of Beclin 1 resulted in enhanced chondrocyte death. Thus, this gene served to maintain chondrocyte survival activity. Besides serving a cytoprotective role, it is known that autophagy can function in cell death. Accordingly, to ascertain if autophagy might also sensitize cells to apoptosis, we activated autophagy and examined
https://digitalcommons.pcom.edu/scholarly_papers/1555/
Regulation of Rapid Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-5 Phosphorylation in the Resting Cells of the Growth Plate...Regulation of Rapid Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-5 Phosphorylation in the Resting Cells of the Growth Plate...
GH has physiological functions in many tissues, but the cellular targets for direct effects of GH remain ill defined in complex tissues such as the growth plate in which the contribution of direct vs. indirect actions of GH remains controversial. The Janus kinase (Jak)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 pathway is activated by GH, so we developed a method to visualize nuclear Stat5b and phosphorylated Stat5 in single cells in response to a pulse of GH. Hep2 cells did not show a Stat5 phosphorylation (pY-Stat5) response to GH except in cells transfected to express GH receptors. ATDC5 cells express GH receptors and showed GH-induced pY-Stat5 responses, which varied with their state of chondrocyte differentiation. In vivo, Stat5b+ve nuclei were seen in the resting and prehypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate. After a single ip pulse of human GH or mouse GH, but not prolactin, pY-Stat5 responses were visible in cells in the resting zone and groove of Ranvier, 10-45 min ...
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:180356
Growth Plates (for Parents) - Childrens Health System - AlabamaGrowth Plates (for Parents) - Childrens Health System - Alabama
Growth plates are the areas of new bone growth, usually near the ends of long bones. A growth plate is weaker than solid bone. This makes it more likely to get injured.
https://kidshealth.org/ChildrensAlabama/en/parents/growth-plates.html?WT.ac=ctg
Histone deacetylase 3 supports endochondral bone formation by controlling cytokine signaling and matrix remodeling | Science...Histone deacetylase 3 supports endochondral bone formation by controlling cytokine signaling and matrix remodeling | Science...
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are efficacious epigenetic-based therapies for some cancers and neurological disorders; however, each of these drugs inhibits multiple HDACs and has detrimental effects on the skeleton. To better understand how HDAC inhibitors affect endochondral bone formation, we conditionally deleted one of their targets, Hdac3, pre- and postnatally in type II collagen α1 (Col2α1)-expressing chondrocytes. Embryonic deletion was lethal, but postnatal deletion of Hdac3 delayed secondary ossification center formation, altered maturation of growth plate chondrocytes, and increased osteoclast activity in the primary spongiosa. HDAC3-deficient chondrocytes exhibited increased expression of cytokine and matrix-degrading genes (Il-6, Mmp3, Mmp13, and Saa3) and a reduced abundance of genes related to extracellular matrix production, bone development, and ossification (Acan, Col2a1, Ihh, and Col10a1). Histone acetylation increased at and near genes that had increased expression. ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/9/440/ra79.abstract
Search | NIAMSSearch | NIAMS
What are growth plate injuries? The growth plate is the area of tissue near the ends of long bones in children and teens that determines what length and shape the bone will be once it is done growing. Each long bone- the thigh bone, the bones in the forearm, and the bones in the hands and fingers-has at least two growth plates, one at each end. Once your child has finished growing, the growth plates close and are replaced by solid bone. The growth plates are weak areas of your childs growing skeleton, making it easier to injure them. ...
https://www.niams.nih.gov/search?search=What%20is%20Raynaud%E2%80%99s%20Phenomenon%3F&type=All&media=All&f%5B0%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A191&f%5B1%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A206&f%5B2%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A216&f%5B3%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A228&f%5B4%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A238&f%5B5%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A305&f%5B6%5D=language%3Aen
Search | NIAMSSearch | NIAMS
What are growth plate injuries? The growth plate is the area of tissue near the ends of long bones in children and teens that determines what length and shape the bone will be once it is done growing. Each long bone- the thigh bone, the bones in the forearm, and the bones in the hands and fingers-has at least two growth plates, one at each end. Once your child has finished growing, the growth plates close and are replaced by solid bone. The growth plates are weak areas of your childs growing skeleton, making it easier to injure them. ...
https://www.niams.nih.gov/search?search=What%20is%20Raynaud%E2%80%99s%20Phenomenon%3F&type=All&media=All&f%5B0%5D=audience%3A50&f%5B1%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A179&f%5B2%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A191&f%5B3%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A206&f%5B4%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A216&f%5B5%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A226&f%5B6%5D=diseases_and_conditions%3A238
Expression of the Ellis-van Creveld (Evc) gene in the rat tibial growth plate<...Expression of the Ellis-van Creveld (Evc) gene in the rat tibial growth plate<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Expression of the Ellis-van Creveld (Evc) gene in the rat tibial growth plate. AU - Tsuji, Takehito. AU - Nakamura, Hiroaki. AU - Hirata, Azumi. AU - Yamamoto, Toshio. PY - 2004/8. Y1 - 2004/8. N2 - Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia characterized by short limbs, postaxial polydactyly, natal teeth, and dysplastic nails. The Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) gene, which is mutated in patients with EvC syndrome, has been identified by positional cloning. However, the physiological roles of the EVC gene have not been elucidated. Histopathological analyses of EvC syndrome have shown disturbed chondrocytic phenotypes during cartilage development. We therefore postulated that the EVC gene is a critical factor for chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. The present study focuses on the relationship between the Evc gene and chondrocytes, and examines Evc gene expression in the rat tibial growth plate at the mRNA and protein levels. Evc mRNA in tibial ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/expression-of-the-ellis-van-creveld-evc-gene-in-the-rat-tibial-gr
Calcium deficiency rickets: extending the spectrum of nutritional rickets | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodCalcium deficiency rickets: extending the spectrum of nutritional rickets | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Rickets is a condition of growing children in which there is failure of normal mineralisation of the epiphyseal growth plate. Normal growth plate development is dependent upon a cascade of events that consists of resting chondrocytes becoming preproliferative, proliferative, hypertrophic and finally apoptotic, which is a signal for the invasion of the growth plate by bone-forming cell precursors that replace the apoptosed cartilage cells with bone cells that mineralise the epiphyseal growth plate into true bone. Eventually, the growth plate is obliterated as the metaphyseal and epiphyseal ends of the bones fuse. It is therefore evident that rickets can only occur in growing children in whom the growth plate is still not fused.. The final step of apoptosis is promoted by phosphate which has to be present in sufficient concentration to facilitate apoptosis1. In the absence of enough phosphate, apoptosis does not proceed correctly, the growth plate widens and there is failure of normal invasion of ...
http://adc.bmj.com/content/99/9/794
Editing Wikipedia Articles On Epiphyseal Growth Plates And Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound - Natural Height GrowthEditing Wikipedia Articles On Epiphyseal Growth Plates And Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound - Natural Height Growth
I was reading an article today about how a person was able to edit Wikipedia articles to help with his online niche websites and I wanted to try to test this idea.. I have been using Wikipedia as a resource to do research since I was in college and it has been amazingly helpful and useful. It seems that anyone in the world can edit the Wikipedia articles as long as they are really being helpful and trying to create a better resource.. So I created my own Wikipedia account under the username Height_Analyst and did a slight edit on the articles for Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound and Epiphyseal Plate. Right after the sentence where it states that Dr. Chen of the University of Alberta thinks that LIPUS can possibly lead to grow taller by stimulating bone growth I added the sentence However it has not been shown to be able to help in bone longitudinal growth when combined with bioengineered cartilage pellets for growth plate induced fractures. I referenced this study from a university in Hong ...
http://www.naturalheightgrowth.com/2013/06/28/editing-wikipedia-articles-on-epiphyseal-growth-plates-and-low-intensity-pulsed-ultrasound/
Hypertrophic chondrocytes contained the highest numerical abundance of peroxisomes compared to proliferative chondrocytes as...Hypertrophic chondrocytes contained the highest numerical abundance of peroxisomes compared to proliferative chondrocytes as...
Regulation of articular chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by indian hedgehog and parathyroid hormone-related...Regulation of articular chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by indian hedgehog and parathyroid hormone-related...
Chondrocytes of the epiphyseal growth zone are regulated by the Indian hedgehog (IHH)-parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) axis. In weight-bearing joints, this growth zone comes to be subdivided by the secondary ossification center into distinct articular and growth cartilage structures. The purpose of this study was to explore the cells of origin, localization, regulation of expression, and putative functions of IHH and PTHrP in articular cartilage in the mouse. We assessed IHH and PTHrP expression in an allelic PTHrP-LacZ-knockin mouse and several versions of PTHrP-null mice. Selected joints were unloaded surgically to examine load-induction of PTHrP and IHH. The embryonic growth zone appears to serve as the source of PTHrP-expressing proliferative chondrocytes that populate both the forming articular cartilage and growth plate structures. In articular cartilage, these cells take the form of articular chondrocytes in the midzone. In PTHrP
https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=2494914a-36cf-421f-b8d3-f1ba59ae7278
Chen, QianChen, Qian
Ongoing Research Support. P20GM104937 Chen (PI) 09/15/12-08/31/17. Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Skeletal Health and Repair. The goal of this project is to establish a multi-disciplinary research center to treat cartilage joint diseases.. Role: PI. R01 AR 059142-01A1 Wei (PI) 04/01/11-01/31/16 Histone Deacetylation Regulates Growth Plate Development. The goal of this project is to understand how HDAC4 regulates growth plate development by CaMKIV, P38 MAPK, and miR-1.. Role: Co-Investigator. R01CA166089-01A1 Terek (PI) 09/25/13-07/31/18. Targeting CXCR4 and microRNA as Therapy. The goal of this project is to develop therapy to treat chondrosarcoma.. Role: Co-Investigator. R01AR066746-01A1 Yang (PI) 09/01/15-08/30/20. The goal of this project is to study how the property of cartilage stem cells is regulated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 under physiological and pathological conditions. Role: Co-Investigator. Completed Research Support. Rhode Island Research Alliance ...
https://vivo.brown.edu/display/qchen3
Reactive oxygen species induce chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral ossification | JEMReactive oxygen species induce chondrocyte hypertrophy in endochondral ossification | JEM
Chondrogenesis occurs via three steps: (a) commitment to chondrocyte differentiation by mesenchymal cells, seen as mesenchymal condensation; (b) chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate to facilitate longitudinal development; and (c) differentiation of proliferating chondrocytes to hypertrophic chondrocytes (for review see references 1, 2). During endochondral ossification, chondrocyte hypertrophy is critical, because cells alter the extracellular matrix and induce vascular invasion. Extrinsic factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins, Indian hedgehog, and modulators such as Sox9, Runx2, Smads, and histone deacetylase 4 are reportedly essential for chondrogenesis (1, 2). Loss of histone deacetylase 4 causes early onset of hypertrophy, followed by growth retardation (6). Overexpression of Runx2 under the control of a type II collagen promoter/enhancer induces dwarfism because of precocious endochondral ossification and accelerated chondrocyte differentiation (4, 5). Thus, regulation of ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/204/7/1613
Am I Able To Take Care Of Calcaneal Apophysitis In The Home? - austillAm I Able To Take Care Of Calcaneal Apophysitis In The Home? - austill
Treatment revolves around decreasing activity. Usual treatment has been putting children in a boot in slight equinus, or a cast with the foot in slight equinus, thereby decreasing the tension on the heel cord, which in turn pulls on the growth plate at the heel. As the pain resolves, children are allowed to go back to full activities. Complete resolution may be delayed until growth of the foot is complete (when the growth plate fuses to the rest of the bone of the heel). A soft cushioning heel raise is really important (this reduces the pull from the calf muscles on the growth plate and increases the shock absorption, so the growth plate is not knocked around as much). The use of an ice pack after activity for 20mins is often useful for calcaneal apophysitis, this should be repeated 2 to 3 times a day. As a pronated foot is common in children with this problem, a discussion regarding the use of long term foot orthotics may be important. If the symptoms are bad enough and are not responding to ...
https://austill.jimdo.com/2015/05/17/am-i-able-to-take-care-of-calcaneal-apophysitis-in-the-home/
Localization of estrogen receptor-alpha in human and rabbit skeletal tissues. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,...Localization of estrogen receptor-alpha in human and rabbit skeletal tissues. - Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics,...
Estrogen is essential for the development and maintenance of optimal bone mass in women and men, and acts through activation of estrogen receptors (ER). We have examined the pathways of estrogen action on the skeleton by seeking to localize the classical estrogen receptor, ER alpha, to particular cells to test the hypotheses that 1) estrogen directly influences growth plate chondrocytes; and 2) estrogen has a principal action on bone tissue via osteoblasts. ER alpha messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was localized by in situ hybridization in human specimens from five males (11-15 yr old), two females (9 and 11 yr old), and three growing rabbits. In all of the human material examined, ER alpha mRNA was consistently identified in chondrocytes. In all of the rabbit tissue studied, ER alpha mRNA was localized in chondrocytes of the growth plate and the subarticular epiphyseal growth center. ER alpha mRNA signals were readily observed in both active osteoblasts and lining cells on trabecular surfaces of all
https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/108319
A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in growth plate cartilage | Journal of Cell ScienceA dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in growth plate cartilage | Journal of Cell Science
Marian Blanca Ramírez from the CSIC in Spain has been studying the effects of LRRK2, a protein associated with Parkinsons disease, on cell motility. A Travelling Fellowship from Journal of Cell Science allowed her to spend time in Prof Maddy Parsons lab at Kings College London, learning new cell migration assays and analysing fibroblasts cultured from individuals with Parkinsons. Read more on her story here. Where could your research take you? The deadline to apply for the current round of Travelling Fellowships is 23rd Feburary 2018. Apply now!. ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/127/11/e1.1
Growth plate extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds for large bone def by G M. Cunniffe, P J. Díaz-Payno et al.Growth plate extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds for large bone def by G M. Cunniffe, P J. Díaz-Payno et al.
Limitations associated with demineralised bone matrix and other grafting materials have motivated the development of alternative strategies to enhance the repair of large bone defects. The growth plate (GP) of developing limbs contain a plethora of growth factors and matrix cues which contribute to long bone growth, suggesting that biomaterials derived from its extracellular matrix (ECM) may be uniquely suited to promoting bone regeneration. The goal of this study was to generate porous scaffolds from decellularised GP ECM and to evaluate their ability to enhance host mediated bone regeneration following their implantation into critically-sized rat cranial defects. The scaffolds were first assessed by culturing with primary human macrophages, which demonstrated that decellularisation resulted in reduced IL-1β and IL-8 production. In vitro, GP derived scaffolds were found capable of supporting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells via either an intramembranous or an endochondral pathway, demonstrating
https://epubs.rcsi.ie/anatart/98/
PlayBall.org: Health & Safety: Basic Arm Care: InjuriesPlayBall.org: Health & Safety: Basic Arm Care: Injuries
Medial Epicondyle Apophyseal Injuries: The growth plate in the bone on the inside aspect of the elbow (that is, the part of the elbow near the hip when your arm is by your side) can be a significant source of pain in the baseball thrower. The growth plate injury may involve isolated pain with no fracture (epiphysiolysis) or fracture with or without displacement.. Epiphysiolysis (i.e., Youth Throwing Elbow Syndrome): When the arm is overworked and/or over-stressed, the growth plate may become painful. This pain can be a warning sign for possible future fracture. In this situation, non-surgical treatment with rest from throwing and a guided physical therapy plan can be critical in preventing more significant injury and allow for eventual return to play.. Medial Epicondyle Avulsion Fracture: When the growth plate is overworked or overstressed, the growth plate may eventually fracture. Depending upon the displacement of the fracture, non-surgical or surgical treatment will be required.. Ulnar ...
http://web.usabaseball.com/playball/health-and-safety/basic-armcare/injuries/
Nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase regulates key maturational events during chondrocyte terminal differentiation<...Nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase regulates key maturational events during chondrocyte terminal differentiation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Nitric oxide-nitric oxide synthase regulates key maturational events during chondrocyte terminal differentiation. AU - Teixeira, Cristina C.. AU - Ischiropoulos, Harry. AU - Leboy, Phoebe S.. AU - Adams, Sherrill L.. AU - Shapiro, Irving M.. PY - 2005/7. Y1 - 2005/7. N2 - The goal of this investigation was to explore the mechanism by which NOS and NO serve to regulate events linked to chondrocyte terminal differentiation. NOS isoform expression and NO adducts in chick growth cartilage were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. All NOS isoforms were expressed in chick growth plate chondrocytes with the highest levels present in the hypertrophic region. The enzymes were active since nitrosocysteine and nitrotyrosine residues were detected in regions of the epiphysis with the highest levels of NOS expression. Maturing chick sternal chondrocytes evidenced an increase in NO release and a rise in NOS protein levels. When treated with NOS inhibitors, there was a ...
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/nitric-oxide-nitric-oxide-synthase-regulates-key-maturational-eve
Eusthenopteron - WikipediaEusthenopteron - Wikipedia
Anatomically, Eusthenopteron shares many unique features in common with the earliest known tetrapods. It shares a similar pattern of skull roofing bones with forms such as Ichthyostega and Acanthostega. Eusthenopteron, like other tetrapodomorph fishes, had internal nostrils, (or a choana) which are one of the defining traits of tetrapodomorphs (including tetrapods). It also had labyrinthodont teeth, characterized by infolded enamel, which characterizes all of the earliest known tetrapods as well. Like other fish-like sarcopterygians, Eusthenopteron possessed a two-part cranium, which hinged at mid-length along an intracranial joint. Eusthenopterons notoriety comes from the pattern of its fin endoskeleton, which bears a distinct humerus, ulna, and radius (in the fore-fin) and femur, tibia, and fibula (in the pelvic fin). These appendicular long bones had epiphyseal growth plates that allowed substantial longitudinal growth through endochondral ossification, as in tetrapod long bones.[4] These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusthenopteron
Chapter 3 - Bone, Specific DiseasesChapter 3 - Bone, Specific Diseases
2) microscopic appearance. Early microscopic lesions are those of acute inflammation in which the intertrabecular tissue of the primary spongiosa is infiltrated with large numbers of neutrophils (fig. Ic-45). Inflammation results in necrosis of osteoblast and osteoclasts lining trabeculae of the primary spongiosa, and necrosis of osteoblasts leads to failure of ossifications of mineralized cartilaginous trabeculae. Some of these mineralized cartilaginous trabeculae that are thin and elongated may fracture and cause an infraction (incomplete fracture) beneath the physeal plate (figs. Ic-46, Ic-47). Damage to the metaphyseal vessels prevents normal physeal plate cartilage resorption and leads to increased depth of the zone of mineralized hypertrophic cartilage. Inflammation of osteochondral junctions (osteochondritis) may be present despite the absence of gross or radiographic lesions. Osteomyelitis may be evident in the mandible, particularly in the dental sac, and the incisor and molar teeth may ...
http://www.cldavis.org/woodard_bone/text/3_2.htm
Growth Plate Fractures (for Parents) - Childrens Health System - Alabama (iFrame)Growth Plate Fractures (for Parents) - Childrens Health System - Alabama (iFrame)
Injuries to growth plates, which produce new bone tissue and determine the final length and shape of bones in adulthood, must be treated so that bones heal properly.
https://kidshealth.org/ChildrensAlabamaXML/en/parents/growth-plate-injuries.html?WT.ac=ctg
Growth Plate Fractures | Boston Childrens HospitalGrowth Plate Fractures | Boston Childrens Hospital
Learn more about Growth Plate Fractures symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments from experts at Boston Childrens, ranked best Childrens Hospital by US News.
http://evj3x.x.incapdns.net/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/g/growth-plate-fractures
Can One Treat Calcaneal Apophysitis From Home? - delisastefanikCan One Treat Calcaneal Apophysitis From Home? - delisastefanik
Although the name might sound pretty frightening, Severs disease is really a common heel injury that occurs in kids. It can be painful, but is only temporary and has no long-term effects. Severs disease, also called calcaneal apophysitis, is a painful bone disorder that results from inflammation (swelling) of the growth plate in the heel. A growth plate, also called an epiphyseal plate, is an area at the end of a developing bone where cartilage cells change over time into bone cells. As this occurs, the growth plates expand and unite, which is how bones grow. Severs disease is a common cause of heel pain in growing kids, especially those who are physically active. It usually occurs during the growth spurt of adolescence, the approximately 2-year period in early puberty when kids grow most rapidly. This growth spurt can begin any time between the ages of 8 and 13 for girls and 10 and 15 for boys. Severs disease rarely occurs in older teens because the back of the heel usually finishes growing ...
https://delisastefanik.jimdo.com/2015/05/19/can-one-treat-calcaneal-apophysitis-from-home/
This Non-Prescription Supplement Has Been Scientifically Proven To Make You Grow Taller Even With Closed Growth PlatesThis Non-Prescription Supplement Has Been Scientifically Proven To Make You Grow Taller Even With Closed Growth Plates
The only real non-prescription over the counter supplement pill which has been scientifically proven to increase height for people even with closed growth plates
http://www.naturalheightgrowth.com/2014/02/20/non-prescription-supplement-scientifically-proven-make-grow-taller-even-closed-growth-plates/?replytocom=137980
Why some kids are short & understanding linear growth | gutsandgrowthWhy some kids are short & understanding linear growth | gutsandgrowth
If you want to explore the biological basis for short stature, then an excellent review (YH Jee, J Bacon. J Pediatr 2016; 173: 32-7) is worthwhile. The article begins by explaining the reasons why linear growth is rapid in infancy, slows in childhood and accelerates in adolescence through a process of growth plate chondrogenesis. In addition,…
https://gutsandgrowth.wordpress.com/2016/06/15/why-some-kids-are-short/
www.drblakeshealingsole.com (Foot and Ankle Problems): August 2015www.drblakeshealingsole.com (Foot and Ankle Problems): August 2015
When I treat young ballet students, I will eventually get the question of when can pointe work begin. I must work with the advice of the dance instructor, or use one of the dance medicine instructors here at Saint Francis. The 2 criteria that our Golden Rules (unbreakable) are 3 years of experience and great biomechanical technique. The 3rd criteria is age. Typically the dancers should be 12 with growth plates closed. Some dancers are skeletally mature while still 11 (rare) and some 13 or 14 (not that uncommon). Taking x rays to see if growth plates are closed in the feet is reasonable, for making the wrong decision is very dangerous ...
http://www.drblakeshealingsole.com/2015_08_01_archive.html
Clinical Chemistry Blog Notes 07: June 2009Clinical Chemistry Blog Notes 07: June 2009
Growth hormone is secreted in pulses, with an average interpulse interval of 2-3 hours, with the most reproducible peak occurring at the onset of sleep. Complete absence of GH slows the rate of growth to only one third to one half of normal. Abnormally elevated levels lead to gigantism. In the adult patient with GH excess, no effects are seen in the long bones after the epiphyseal growth plates have fused. Instead, GH excess gradually produces acromegaly, a coarse thickening of the bones of the skull, hands and feet over the course of years to decades ...
http://kimandrew07.blogspot.com/2009/06/
musculoskeletal | Classifications, online calculators, and tables in radiologymusculoskeletal | Classifications, online calculators, and tables in radiology
Epiphyseal fractures are fractures that involve the epiphyseal growth plate in children and teenagers. Classificaton by Salter and Harris that was published in 1963 divides them into five types. It is a modification of previous classifications by Poland (1898) and Aitken (1936). Later, several other rare types of epiphyseal fractures were appended by other authors. Epiphyseal fractures may result in growth disturbances. A mnemonic SALTR can aid in memorizing the types for the purporses of examination.. ...
http://radclass.mudr.org/category/tags/musculoskeletal?page=4
Publication : USDA ARSPublication : USDA ARS
Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: The effect of continuous vs pulsatile cGH administration on tissue IGF-1 protein and IGF-1 mRNA levels were examined in 8 wk old meat-type chickens. Birds were infused via infusion pumps with either cGH or saline. In both regimes the birds received 123 ug/kg bwt/day. IGF-1 protein concentration (pg/mg protein) were determined by RIA and the relative levels of IGF-1 mRNA by a solution hybridization nuclease protection assay in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, muscle (gastrocnemius and pectoralis major) and growth plate cartilage. Continuous infusion elicited a two fold increase in IGF-1 concentrations in the kidney, while all other tissue concentrations were not altered. Pulsatile infusion caused a two-fold increase in IGF-1 concentrations in the liver, gastrocnemius and pectoralis muscles. IGF-1 levels in other tissues surveyed remained unchanged. With continuous infusion there was a 2-fold increase in the levels of IGF-1 mRNA in the liver and ...
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=31503
Protropin (Genentech Inc.) - Anabolic Agents, Hormone replacementProtropin (Genentech Inc.) - Anabolic Agents, Hormone replacement
Used in the treatment of dwarfism and growth failure, growth hormone (hGH) stimulates skeletal growth in pediatric patients with growth failure due to a lack of adequate secretion of endogenous GH. Skeletal growth is accomplished at the epiphyseal plates at the ends of a growing bone. Growth and metabolism of epiphyseal plate cells are directly stimulated by GH and one of its mediators, IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor ...
http://pharmacycode.com/Protropin_%28Genentech_Inc.%29.html
Humatrope (Eli Lilly) - Anabolic Agents, Hormone replacementHumatrope (Eli Lilly) - Anabolic Agents, Hormone replacement
Used in the treatment of dwarfism and growth failure, growth hormone (hGH) stimulates skeletal growth in pediatric patients with growth failure due to a lack of adequate secretion of endogenous GH. Skeletal growth is accomplished at the epiphyseal plates at the ends of a growing bone. Growth and metabolism of epiphyseal plate cells are directly stimulated by GH and one of its mediators, IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor ...
http://pharmacycode.com/Humatrope_%28Eli_Lilly%29.html
Like My Testicle Dessert Plate? Created Using Real Human Tissues, These Bone China Histology Dessert Plates Are Availabl... - ...Like My Testicle Dessert Plate? Created Using Real Human Tissues, These Bone China Histology Dessert Plates Are Availabl... - ...
Like my testicle dessert plate? Created using real human tissues, these bone china histology dessert plates are available in 4 different human tissue designs: Testicle, Liver, Thyroid, and Esophagus. nice! #51571 problem! ...
http://www.notcot.org/post/51571/Like-my-testicle-dessert-plate-Created-using-real-human/
Angular limb deformity | OrthoVetSuperSiteAngular limb deformity | OrthoVetSuperSite
Introduction: Angular deformity in the growing skeleton of animals, especially in the radius and ulna, is occasionally seen in clinical practice. The mechanism of spontaneous correction of these angular deformities however remains to be elucidated. The purpose of our experiment was to explore the ability of a growth plate to correct an induced valgus deformity, and to study the mechanism of correction. Methods: Before beginning the study, valgus deformity of the distal radius had been induced in lambs by the application of a device that causes asymmetrical compression of the growth plate. ...
https://orthovetsupersite.com/large-animal/angular-limb-deformity
Angular limb deformity | OrthoVetSuperSiteAngular limb deformity | OrthoVetSuperSite
Introduction: Angular deformity in the growing skeleton of animals, especially in the radius and ulna, is occasionally seen in clinical practice. The mechanism of spontaneous correction of these angular deformities however remains to be elucidated. The purpose of our experiment was to explore the ability of a growth plate to correct an induced valgus deformity, and to study the mechanism of correction. Methods: Before beginning the study, valgus deformity of the distal radius had been induced in lambs by the application of a device that causes asymmetrical compression of the growth plate. ...
https://orthovet.org/large-animal/angular-limb-deformity
Bone, Growth Plate and Mineral Metabolism | 0092 | ESPE2019 | 58th Annual ESPE meeting | ESPE AbstractsBone, Growth Plate and Mineral Metabolism | 0092 | ESPE2019 | 58th Annual ESPE meeting | ESPE Abstracts
The theme of this years meeting is Variety and Variation in Paediatric Endocrinology. Join us in Vienna to explore the diversity we encounter in our discipline and the care that we have to exercise when using the term normality. Whilst gaining an update on the latest treatments, clinical best practice and cutting edge research in the field of paediatric endocrinology ...
https://abstracts.eurospe.org/hrp/0092/abstracts/poster-category-3/bone-growth-plate-and-mineral-metabolism/
Dispersion in Chromatography Columns - Effect of Mobile Phase Compressibility On the HETP Equation for a Packed GC Column |...Dispersion in Chromatography Columns - Effect of Mobile Phase Compressibility On the HETP Equation for a Packed GC Column |...
The resistance to the mass transfer term for the stationary phase must be considered in isolation. The experimentally observed plate height (variance per unit length) resulting from a particular dispersion process [e.g., (hs), the resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase] will be the sum of the local plate height contributions (h); i.e.,. ...
http://chromatography-online.org/Compressibility-Effects-GC/rs_9_39.php
LB Agar Plate, Amp/Kan, - Growth Factors, Growth Hormones, Purified Proteins, Dominant Negative Clones, Constitutively Active...LB Agar Plate, Amp/Kan, - Growth Factors, Growth Hormones, Purified Proteins, Dominant Negative Clones, Constitutively Active...
LB(Luria-Bertani Medium) plates contain 1% Trypton, 0.5% yeast extract, 1.0% NaCl and 1.5% agar with a final pH of 7.0 unless otherwise specified. All plates are made of the highest quality ingredients available and tested for solubility, clarity, color, pH and the growth or inability to grow of appropriate recombinant strains of E. coli to demonstrate the efficacy of the antibiotics and indicator dyes. The plates are dated and guaranteed for 8 weeks from the date of shipment although many antibiotic plates can be stored at 4oC for longer. ...
https://lifeome.com/lb-agar-plate-ampkan-p-115.html
LB Agar Plate, Amp/Tet, - Growth Factors, Growth Hormones, Purified Proteins, Dominant Negative Clones, Constitutively Active...LB Agar Plate, Amp/Tet, - Growth Factors, Growth Hormones, Purified Proteins, Dominant Negative Clones, Constitutively Active...
LB(Luria-Bertani Medium) plates contain 1% Trypton, 0.5% yeast extract, 1.0% NaCl and 1.5% agar with a final pH of 7.0 unless otherwise specified. All plates are made of the highest quality ingredients available and tested for solubility, clarity, color, pH and the growth or inability to grow of appropriate recombinant strains of E. coli to demonstrate the efficacy of the antibiotics and indicator dyes. The plates are dated and guaranteed for 8 weeks from the date of shipment although many antibiotic plates can be stored at 4oC for longer. ...
https://lifeome.com/lb-agar-plate-amptet-p-117.html
Neural Network Based License Plate Recognition System - IEEE Conference PublicationNeural Network Based License Plate Recognition System - IEEE Conference Publication
The first aim of our methods developed in our structure is, to detect license plate zone from image of vehicle which has standard license plate. Second ste
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4371448/authors?reload=true
Gene Expression Literature DetailGene Expression Literature Detail
J:182341 Plumb DA, Ferrara L, Torbica T, Knowles L, Mironov A Jr, Kadler KE, Briggs MD, Boot-Handford RP, Collagen XXVII organises the pericellular matrix in the growth plate. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29422 ...
http://www.informatics.jax.org/gxdlit/key/143961
What Is Severs Disease?What Is Severs Disease?
Severs disease, known as calcaneal apophysitis, is the most common cause of heel pain in children. Its a painful bone disorder created by inflammation of the growth plate in the heel, usually from muscle strain and repetitive stress. Severs Disease is very common in obese children and those who play lots of sports, and most commonly…
https://eastpennfoot.wordpress.com/2013/10/10/what-is-severs-disease/
Severs Disease Physical Therapy | lilliamferlicSevers Disease Physical Therapy | lilliamferlic
Overview Severs Disease, otherwise known as calcaneal apophysitis is an inflammation of the growth plate in the heel of growing children, typically adolescents. The condition presents as pain in the heel and is caused by repetitive stress to the heel and is thus particularly common in active children. It usually resolves once the bone has…
https://lilliamferlic.wordpress.com/2015/05/18/severs-disease-physical-therapy/
How does ones foot size change over time? | Reference.comHow does ones foot size change over time? | Reference.com
Childrens feet normally keep growing until the growth plates of their bones close. This takes place at age 13 to 15 in girls and age 15 to 17 in boys. Feet tend to spread with age, so an older...
https://www.reference.com/science/one-s-foot-size-change-over-time-1ca5f443f7019255
Xray of forearm - Things You Didnt KnowXray of forearm - Things You Didnt Know
Rest and recheck: At 12 years old, your son still has growth plates. They can break without being noticeable on X-ray. If that is the case, the break is not out of place, so treatment would be just to protect it. But pulled muscles and ligaments also hurt. Wrap his arm with an ace bandage. Let him use it lightly and give him tylenol for the pain. Then give it a week. If its still sore then, repeat the X-ray ...Read more ...
https://www.healthtap.com/topics/xray-of-forearm
For those of you who started prohormones / steroids young... - AnabolicMinds.comFor those of you who started prohormones / steroids young... - AnabolicMinds.com
Out of curiousity, for you guys who started young, what did you take? Did you have proper pct? I have heard that steroids can cause growth plates to
http://anabolicminds.com/forum/steroids/92616-those-you-who.html
Severs Disease Physical TherapySevers Disease Physical Therapy
Overview Sever?s disease is caused by the growth plate in the heel becoming inflamed, and it is the most common cause of heel pain in adolescents. This conditio…
http://laceysabata.hatenablog.com/entry/2015/05/16/092701
Pit Bull Talk • View topic - Good-bye TonyPit Bull Talk • View topic - Good-bye Tony
My friend, Gerda, had to let Tony go. He was a Pit Bull that she rescued about 6 years ago. The ACO found him literally being kicked around, like a soccer ball, by some teenagers. He was only a few months old and they broke his leg and growth plate ...
http://www.pitbulltalk.com/viewtopic.php?p=240487
What are nonfastidious bacteria? | Reference.comWhat are nonfastidious bacteria? | Reference.com
Nonfastidious bacteria are able to grow without special nutritional supplements or conditions applied to agar growth plates. These types of bacteria are contrasted by fastidious bacteria, which grow...
https://www.reference.com/science/nonfastidious-bacteria-1b42411329b627e6
Collagen receptorCollagen receptor
Involved in growth plate morphogenesis and function. Integrin α11β1 is expressed by mesenchymal cells in some parts of embryo ... Functions include: Chondrocyte proliferation and bone growth; regulation of cell proliferation, cell adhesion and induction of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen_receptor
Extracorporeal shockwave therapyExtracorporeal shockwave therapy
... open bone growth plates; pregnancy, implanted metal in the area (bone screws and pins); and people on medication that ... Studies have shown that the shockwaves promote the growth of new blood vessels or revascularization. Since 2010 shockwaves have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_shockwave_therapy
Osgood-Schlatter diseaseOsgood-Schlatter disease
The underlying mechanism is repeated tension on the growth plate of the upper tibia. Diagnosis is typically based on the ... Typically symptoms resolve as the growth plate closes. Physiotherapy is generally recommended once the initial symptoms have ... After growth slows, typically age 16 in boys and 14 in girls, the pain will no longer occur despite a bump potentially ... Following an adolescent growth spurt, repeated stress from contraction of the quadriceps is transmitted through the patellar ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osgood–Schlatter_disease
ChondroblastomaChondroblastoma
In patients who are near the end of skeletal growth, complete curettage of the growth plate is an option. In addition to ... because of the spatial relationship of chondroblastoma with the growth plate and its typical occurrence before growth plate ... "Expression of cartilage growth plate signalling molecules in Chondroblastoma." Journal of Pathology 202 (2004): 113-120. Web. 6 ... important for development of the epiphyseal growth plate, are active in chondroblastoma leading to greater proliferation among ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroblastoma
Slipped capital femoral epiphysisSlipped capital femoral epiphysis
Stress around the hip causes a shear force to be applied at the growth plate. While trauma has a role in the manifestation of ... Abnormal movement along the growth plate results in the slip. The femoral epiphysis remains in the acetabulum (hip socket), ... is a medical term referring to a fracture through the growth plate (physis), which results in slippage of the overlying end of ... The almost exclusive incidence of SCFE during the adolescent growth spurt indicates a hormonal role. Obesity is another key ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipped_capital_femoral_epiphysis
OSBPL8OSBPL8
"Longitudinal growth and growth-plate activity in the lower extremity". Clin Orthop Relat Res (275): 274-9. doi:10.1097/00003086 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSBPL8
Bat wing developmentBat wing development
De Luca F, Barnes KM, Uyeda JA, De-Levi S, Abad V, Palese T, Mericq V, Baron J (2001). "Regulation of growth plate ... Eswarakumar V, Lax I, Schlessinger J (2005). "Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors". Cytokine & Growth ... In mice, one gene known to regulate limb growth is prx1, which encodes a transcription factor. The expression patterns of prx1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_wing_development
RicketsRickets
The underlying mechanism involves insufficient calcification of the growth plate. Diagnosis is generally based on blood tests ... These changes are seen predominantly at sites of rapid growth, including the proximal humerus, distal radius, distal femur and ... Symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, and trouble sleeping. Complications may include bone ... Cupping, fraying, and splaying of metaphyses typically appears with growth and continued weight bearing. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickets
Paracrine signallingParacrine signalling
Rib and limb bone growth plate cells are not transcribed. Thus, the inability of the rib cage to expand prevents the newborn's ... Ligands that bind to RTKs include fibroblast growth factors, epidermal growth factors, platelet-derived growth factors, and ... Growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) Growth factor and clotting factors are paracrine signaling agents. The local action ... Paracrine signaling of growth factors between nearby cells has been shown to exacerbate carcinogenesis. In fact, mutant forms ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracrine_signalling
Lipid bilayerLipid bilayer
Anderson HC, Garimella R, Tague SE (January 2005). "The role of matrix vesicles in growth plate development and ... whereas PS in growth plate vesicles is necessary for the nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals and subsequent bone ... Matching the in vivo unstirred water layer thickness by individual-well stirring in microtitre plates. Pharm. Sci., 22: 365-374 ... which can act as the local defect point to nucleate stalk growth between two bilayers. Lipid bilayers can be created ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer
Endochondral ossificationEndochondral ossification
Growth continues until the individual is about 20 years old or until the cartilage in the plate is replaced by bone. The point ... Masson Goldner trichrome stain of growth plate in a rabbit tibia. Section of fetal bone of cat. ir. Irruption of the ... This is called interstitial growth. The process of appositional growth occurs when the cartilage model also grows in thickness ... The growth in diameter of bones around the diaphysis occurs by deposition of bone beneath the periosteum. Osteoclasts in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endochondral_ossification
PerlecanPerlecan
... in the growth plate of mouse long bones shows glycosylation changes in the chondrocyte progression from the resting ... Perlecan can also promote growth factor (e.g., FGF2) activity and thus stimulate endothelial growth and re-generation. ... "Changes in perlecan during chondrocyte differentiation in the fetal bovine rib growth plate". J. Orthop. Res. 24 (6): 1317-26. ... "Spatiotemporal distribution of heparan sulfate epitopes during murine cartilage growth plate development". Histochem. Cell Biol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlecan
Salter-Harris fractureSalter-Harris fracture
... the growth plate, metaphysis, and epiphysis: 10% incidence Type V - A compression fracture of the growth plate (resulting in a ... A Salter-Harris fracture is a fracture that involves the epiphyseal plate or growth plate of a bone. It is a common injury ... 1968). The Growth Plate and Its Disorders. Harcourt Brace/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-00568-8. Ogden, John A. ( ... I - S = Slip (separated or straight across). Fracture of the cartilage of the physis (growth plate) II - A = Above. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salter–Harris_fracture
Fire coralFire coral
... plate, and encrusting. Branching adopts a calcareous structure which branches off, to rounded, finger-like tips. Plate growth ... In encrusting growth, the fire coral forms on the calcareous structure of other coral or gorgonian structures. The gonophores ... They appear in small brush-like growths on rocks and coral. Divers often mistake fire coral for seaweed, and accidental contact ... Fire coral has several common growth forms; these include branching, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_coral
Broth microdilutionBroth microdilution
Following the allotted time, the plate is removed and checked for bacterial growth. If the broth became cloudy or a layer of ... Varying concentrations of the antibiotics and the bacteria to be tested are then added to the plate. The plate is then placed ... Other advantages include the commercial availability of plates, the ease of testing and storing the plates, and the ability for ... During testing, multiple microtiter plates are filled with a broth composed of Brucella and supplements of blood. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broth_microdilution
Eosin methylene blueEosin methylene blue
EMB Agar Growth Examples "Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar Plates Protocol". September 29, 2007. Archived from the original on ... This medium has been specifically designed to discourage the growth of gram positive bacteria. EMB contains the following ... which slightly inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and provides a color indicator distinguishing between organisms ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosin_methylene_blue
Physiology of dinosaursPhysiology of dinosaurs
"Growth and function of Stegosaurus plates: evidence from bone histology". Paleobiology. Paleontological Society. 12 (4): 459- ... But growth rings are found in polar bears and in mammals that hibernate. The relationship between LAGs and seasonal growth ... One common interpretation of the plates on stegosaurs' backs is as heat exchangers for thermoregulation, as the plates are ... "teenage growth spurt": ½ ton at age 10 very rapid growth to around 2 tons in the mid-teens (about ½ ton per year). negligible ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology_of_dinosaurs
Pathogenic bacteriaPathogenic bacteria
Stevenson TH, Castillo A, Lucia LM, Acuff GR (2000). "Growth of Helicobacter pylori in various liquid and plating media". Lett ... The growth is then visually or genomically identified. The cultured organism is then subjected to various assays to observe ... Iron is required for humans, as well as the growth of most bacteria. To obtain free iron, some pathogens secrete proteins ... Antibiotics are used both in treating human disease and in intensive farming to promote animal growth. Both uses may be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria
Panner diseasePanner disease
The death of the tissues eventually leads to deterioration of the bone's growth plate. The bone's growth plate is defined as ... OCD occurs in older children and it does not involve the growth plate because by the time that OCD occurs the growth plates ... Panner Disease results when the blood supply to the capitellum is disrupted and therefore the cells within the growth plate of ... In Panner Disease, the capitellum may appear flat and the bone growth plate will look irregular and fragmented. The areas where ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panner_disease
ITGA10ITGA10
2005). "Loss of alpha10beta1 integrin expression leads to moderate dysfunction of growth plate chondrocytes". J. Cell Sci. 118 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITGA10
OsteochondromaOsteochondroma
Development of osteochondromas take place during skeletal growth between the ages of 13 and 15 and ceases when the growth plate ... In the spongiosa, the chondrocytes are arranged in accordance with the epiphyseal growth plate. The spongiosa of the stalk ... Similar to osteochondroma, DEH is diagnosed prior to 15 years of age and the growth of lesions end at puberty, when the growth ... However, it cannot be used to predict if the growth of tumor is inward in regards to the cap. Angiography is used to detect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondroma
AchondroplasiaAchondroplasia
December 2000). "Abnormal growth plate function in pigs carrying a dominant mutation in type X collagen". Mamm. Genome. 11 (12 ... The tubular bones are short and thick with metaphyseal cupping and flaring and irregular growth plates. Fibular overgrowth is ... Although used by those without achondroplasia to aid in growth, human growth hormone does not help people with achondroplasia. ... After the second year of growth hormone therapy, beneficial bone growth decreases. Therefore, GH therapy is not a satisfactory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondroplasia
Child bone fractureChild bone fracture
Growth plates are the areas in bones where the bones grow. In children the growth plates are open, which helps to manage a ... Also, more consideration needs to be taken when a child fractures a bone since it will affect the child in his or her growth. ... followed by the placement of special screws or metal plates to the outer surface of the bone. The fragments can also be held ... growth hormone deficiency, and osteogenesis imperfecta disorders are at risk. Neuromuscular disorders: children with cerebral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_bone_fracture
McIntosh and Fildes anaerobic jarMcIntosh and Filde's anaerobic jar
This bacteria need oxygen to grow (aerobic). A growth free culture plate at the end of the process indicates a successful ... inoculated on to a nutrient agar plate is kept inside the jar along with the other plates. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIntosh_and_Filde's_anaerobic_jar
GPERGPER
... and persistent growth plate activity resulting in longer bones. GPER plays a role in breast cancer progression and tamoxifen ... and growth plate proliferative activity in male mice". J Bone Miner Res. 26 (2): 298-307. doi:10.1002/jbmr.209. PMID 20734455. ... Kanda N, Watanabe S (October 2003). "17Beta-estradiol enhances the production of nerve growth factor in THP-1-derived ... Male GPER knockout mice are observed to have increased growth, body fat, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPER
George YancopoulosGeorge Yancopoulos
March 2000). "Ror2, encoding a receptor-like tyrosine kinase, is required for cartilage and growth plate development". Nature ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Yancopoulos
Tibial dyschondroplasiaTibial dyschondroplasia
The tibial cartilage does not mature enough to ossify (turn into bone).[citation needed] This leaves the growth plate prone to ... Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a metabolic disease of young poultry that affects the growth of bone and cartilage. Often ... occurs in broilers (chickens raised for meat) and other poultry which have been bred for fast growth rates. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibial_dyschondroplasia
La Negra FormationLa Negra Formation
The magmas originated in a parcel of Earth's mantle that was metasomatized by fluid derived from the tectonic plate that was ... Grocott, J.; Brown, M.; Dallmeyer, R. D.; Taylor, G. K.; Treloar, P. J. (1994). "Mechanisms of continental growth in ... "Tectonic Development of the North Chilean Andes in Relation to Plate Convergence and Magmatism Since the Jurassic". In Reutter ... extensional arcs: An example from the Andean plate-boundary zone". Geology. 22 (5): 391-394. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Negra_Formation
Parathyroid hormone-related proteinParathyroid hormone-related protein
It regulates endochondral bone development by maintaining the endochondral growth plate at a constant width. It also regulates ... modulation by transforming growth factor-beta". Human Reproduction. 11 Suppl 2: 62-82. doi:10.1093/humrep/11.suppl_2.62. PMID ... "Effect of endogenously produced parathyroid hormone-related peptide on growth of a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2)". ... "A parathyroid hormone antagonist stimulates epidermal proliferation and hair growth in mice". Proceedings of the National ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone-related_protein
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasiaSchmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
May 2007). "COL10A1 nonsense and frame-shift mutations have a gain-of-function effect on the growth plate in human and mouse ... Long bones are short and curved, with widened growth plates and metaphyses. It is named for the German researcher F. Schmid, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schmid_metaphyseal_chondrodysplasia
CraniosynostosisCraniosynostosis
Fibroblast growth factor and fibroblast growth factor receptors regulate fetal bone growth and are expressed in cranial sutures ... the plates have been observed to come into direct contact with the brain.[51][52] Absorbable plates are now used instead.[51][ ... Compensatory growth occurs in a parallel plane, as well as in a perpendicular plane.[10][11] An increase in growth at the ... In the very first years of life the sutures serve as the most important centers of growth in the skull.[3] The growth of the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniosynostosis
EatingEating
The feeling of hunger could be triggered by the smell and thought of food, the sight of a plate, or hearing someone talk about ... typically to provide a heterotrophic organism with energy and to allow for growth. Animals and other heterotrophs must eat in ... Half of plate to be filled with vegetables, according to Harvard School of Public Health ... thus half of the plate with vegetables,[6] 1/4 protein food as meat, ... and 1/4 carbohydrates as pasta, rice, ...) will then ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eat
Alternative medicineAlternative medicine
One of the few growth industries in contemporary Britain is alternative medicine. An apparently endless stream of books, ... was reported as showing that the medical profession had responded to the growth of CAM in three phases, and that in each phase ... there are several psychological issues that are critical to its growth, notably psychological effects, such as the will to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine
MioceneMiocene
As the southern part of Nazca Plate and the Chile Rise became consumed by subduction the more northerly regions of the ... Further marked decreases in temperature during the Middle Miocene at 15 Ma probably reflect increased ice growth in Antarctica ... At first the Antarctic Plate subducted only in the southernmost tip of Patagonia, meaning that the Chile Triple Junction lay ... The Antarctic Plate started to subduct beneath South America 14 million years ago in the Miocene, forming the Chile Triple ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene
MandalaMandala
Persian "Shamseh" motif painted on a copper plate. The art of hand painting and enameling is called "Meenakari" in Farsi.[ ... Jung recognized that the urge to make mandalas emerges during moments of intense personal growth. Their appearance indicates a ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala
AcneAcne
High levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are also associated with worsened acne.[42] Both ... These reinforced the idea amongst dermatologists that bacterial growth on the skin plays an important role in causing acne.[179 ... The earliest pathologic change is the formation of a plug (a microcomedone), which is driven primarily by excessive growth, ... Another common factor is the excessive growth of the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes, which is present on the skin.[15] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris
BarnacleBarnacle
... the apex of the ring of plates is covered by an operculum, which may be recessed into the carapace. The plates are held ... E. Bourget (1987). Barnacle shells: composition, structure, and growth. pp. 267-285.. In A. J. Southward (ed.), 1987. ... but in most they are part of a flat membrane or calcified plate. A ring of plates surrounds the body, homologous with the ... barnacles continue to grow by adding new material to their heavily calcified plates. These plates are not moulted; however, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirripedia
Kluyveromyces marxianusKluyveromyces marxianus
Growth and morphologyEdit. Colonies of K. marxianus are cream to brown in colour with the occasional pink pigmentation due to ... In a Dalmau plate culture containing cornmeal agar and Polysorbate 80, K. marxianus forms a rudimentary to branched ... Fonseca, Gustavo Graciano; de Carvalho, Nuno Miguel Barbosa; Gombert, Andreas Karoly (23 February 2013). "Growth of the yeast ... Löser, Christian; Urit, Thanet; Gruner, Erik; Bley, Thomas (17 January 2015). "Efficient growth of Kluyveromyces marxianus ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluyveromyces_fragilis
Osteochondroprogenitor cellOsteochondroprogenitor cell
Loss of the regulator, Pten, of the Phophatidylinositol3' kinase pathway results in skeletal overgrowth and growth plate ... "Inactivation of Pten in Osteo-Chondroprogenitor Cells Leads to Epiphyseal Growth Plate Abnormalities and Skeletal Overgrowth". ... Main article: Transforming growth factor beta. During mandible development, most of it is formed through intramembranous ... Deletion of the Trsp gene in osteochondroprogenitor cells results in abnormal bone growth, delayed ossification, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondroprogenitor_cell
Short statureShort stature
... with the most obvious sign being a noticeable slowing of growth. The deficiency may be genetic. Among children without growth ... When the cause is unknown, it is called idiopathic short stature.[5] Short stature can also be caused by the bone plates fusing ... 2001). "Growth and Development in the Normal Infant and Child, Table 7.1". Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and ... It can also be due to one or more of many abnormal conditions, such as chronic (prolonged) growth hormone or thyroid hormone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_stature
RadiographyRadiography
Röntgen discovered X-rays' medical use when he made a picture of his wife's hand on a photographic plate formed due to X-rays. ... Angiography is used to find aneurysms, leaks, blockages (thromboses), new vessel growth, and placement of catheters and stents ... The name refers to the fluorescence he saw while looking at a glowing plate bombarded with X-rays.[2] ... Detectors can be divided into two major categories: imaging detectors (such as photographic plates and X-ray film (photographic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_imaging
Corn silkCorn silk
The emergence of at least one strand of silk from a given ear of corn is defined as growth stage R1, and the emergence of silk ... link) Anthony Boutard (2012-09-25). "Beautiful Corn: America's Original Grain from Seed to Plate". New Society Publishers. Ken ... The silk lengthens from the basal ovules during the 10 to 14 days previous to growth stage R1; this is due to a change of shape ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_silk
DiamagnetismDiamagnetism
Recent experiments studying the growth of protein crystals have led to a technique using powerful magnets to allow growth in ... A simple homemade device for demonstration can be constructed out of bismuth plates and a few permanent magnets that levitate a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetism
Activated carbonActivated carbon
Soluble ash content can be very important for aquarists, as ferric oxide can promote algal growths. A carbon with a low soluble ... For example, it is the main purification technique for removing organic impurities from bright nickel plating solutions. A ... Their excessive build up can adversely affect plating quality and physical properties of deposited metal. Activated carbon ... freshwater fish and reef tanks to avoid heavy metal poisoning and excess plant/algal growth. ASTM (D2866 Standard Method test) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_charcoal
Wat Phra DhammakayaWat Phra Dhammakaya
Exponential growth (1979-1996)[edit]. The temple gained great popularity during the 1980s (during the Asian economic boom).[18] ... This two-storey structure is made of gold-tinted plate glass. The lower floor is a museum with an exhibition, telling the ... Zehner, Edwin (1990), "Reform Symbolism of a Thai Middle-Class Sect: The Growth and Appeal of the Thammakai Movement", Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wat_Phra_Dhammakaya
WhaleWhale
They have a pair of blowholes side-by-side and lack teeth; instead they have baleen plates which form a sieve-like structure in ... Finally, sulfophilic bacteria reduce the bones releasing hydrogen sulfide enabling the growth of chemoautotrophic organisms, ... Baleen whales have no teeth; instead they have plates of baleen, a fringe-like structure used to expel water while retaining ... a streamlined body and the growth of flukes on the tail (Protocetus 43 mya), the migration of the nostrils toward the top of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale
PleiotropyPleiotropy
After Plate's definition, Hans Gruneberg was the first to study the mechanisms of pleiotropy.[3] In 1938 Gruneberg published an ... This can cause symptoms such as mental retardation, abnormal gait and posture, and delayed growth. Because tyrosine is used by ... The term "pleiotropie" was first coined by Ludwig Plate in his Festschrift, which was published in 1910.[3] He originally ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropic
Ultra-high-temperature ceramicsUltra-high-temperature ceramics
Grain growth is suppressed by rapid heating over the range 1500-1900 °C; this minimizes the time the material has to coarsen. ... 1990). "ZrB2 coated on copper plate by chemical vapour deposition, and its corrosion and oxidation stabilities". Thin Solid ... Exaggerated grain growth that hinders densification occurs during sintering due to the low-intrinsic sinterability and the ... and thermal conductivity of the surface will be lost with active material still remaining deeper within the electrode plate.[68 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-temperature_ceramics
MineralogyMineralogy
The environments of mineral formation and growth are highly varied, ranging from slow crystallization at the high temperatures ... plate opposite p. 166.. *^ "Collector's Corner". The Mineralogical Society of America. Retrieved 2010-05-22.. ... Christoffersen, M.R.; Balic-Zunic, T.; Pehrson, S.; Christoffersen, J. (2001). "Kinetics of Growth of Columnar Triclinic ... to determine such things as growth forms in living plants and animals[17][18] as well as things like the original mineral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogist
PastaPasta
... cooked pasta is plated and served with a complementary side sauce or condiment; a second classification of pasta dishes is ... airtight plastic container with a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen that inhibits microbial growth and prolongs the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta
Hypervitaminosis AHypervitaminosis A
Kodaka T, Takaki H, Soeta S, Mori R, Naito Y (July 1998). "Local disappearance of epiphyseal growth plates in rats with ... "Histological disorders related to the focal disappearance of the epiphyseal growth plate in rats induced by high dose of ... "Immunohistochemical observations on the initial disorders of the epiphyseal growth plate in rats induced by high dose of ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_A
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal SocietyPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Engravings (cut into metal plates) were used for detailed illustrations, particularly where realism was required; while wood- ... to denote a chemical species that modulates the growth of a species. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_Transactions
BioarchaeologyBioarchaeology
... but growth does not, or does so at very reduced levels. If and when the stressor is overcome, bone growth will resume, ... Direct testing of bioarchaeological methods for sexing skeletons by comparing gendered names on coffin plates from the crypt at ... Blakey relates the growth in African American bioarchaeology to NAGPRA and its effect of cutting physical anthropologist off ... Harris lines form before adulthood, when bone growth is temporarily halted or slowed down due to some sort of stress (either ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioarchaeology
GingerGinger
... "conserve moisture and check weed growth", as well as check surface run-off to conserve soil.[30] Mulching is done by applying ... which is the stirring and breaking up of soil to check weed growth, break the firmness of the soil from rain, and conserve soil ... 1896 color plate from. Köhler's Medicinal Plants Inflorescence Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae ... mulch (green leaves for example) to the plant beds directly after planting and again 45 and 90 days into growth.[29] After ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger
TeaTea
Without careful moisture and temperature control during manufacture and packaging, growth of undesired molds and bacteria may ... Turkish tea served in typical small glass and corresponding plate. Iced tea with a slice of lemon ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea
ArchaeaArchaea
However, the archaea that do this, such as Sulfolobus, produce sulfuric acid as a waste product, and the growth of these ... spirals or plates.[86] Other morphologies in the Crenarchaeota include irregularly shaped lobed cells in Sulfolobus, needle- ... optimal growth at 90-95 °C) host.[138] Notably, the latter virus has the largest currently reported ssDNA genome. Defenses ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea
Egg whiteEgg white
A silver-plated bowl has the same result as the copper bowl, as will a pinch of powdered copper supplement from a health store ... The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo ( ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_white
SteelSteel
Despite growth in usage of aluminium, it is still the main material for car bodies. Steel is used in a variety of other ... Slabs are hot or cold rolled into sheet metal or plates. Billets are hot or cold rolled into bars, rods, and wire. Blooms are ... Barraclough, K. C. (1984) Steel before Bessemer: II Crucible Steel: the growth of technology. The Metals Society, London. ... Annealing goes through three phases: recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth. The temperature required to anneal a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel
Geologic time scaleGeologic time scale
Possible first appearance of plate tectonics. This unit gets its name from the lunar geologic timescale when the Nectaris Basin ... "Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1 Gyr ago" (PDF). Nature. 466 (7302): 100-104. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eon_
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Growth PlateChondrocytesBone DevelopmentEpiphysesTibiaCartilageBone PlatesOsteochondrodysplasiasMetatarsal BonesCollagen Type XChondrogenesisCalcification, PhysiologicBone and BonesOsteogenesisThiramMetacarpusFemurGrowth Differentiation Factor 10HypertrophyParathyroid Hormone-Related ProteinBone Diseases, DevelopmentalReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3SkeletonDwarfismHedgehog ProteinsRibsSOXD Transcription FactorsAchondroplasiaCell DifferentiationReceptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1Exostoses, Multiple HereditaryCartilage, ArticularOsteochondritisIn Situ HybridizationBone MatrixHumerusCollagen Type IINeural PlateHyperostosisPeriosteumRicketsGrowth DisordersGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAggrecansOsteoblastsCollagenOssification, HeterotopicCell ProliferationAlkaline PhosphataseInsulin-Like Growth Factor IFemur HeadExtracellular Matrix ProteinsCore Binding Factor Alpha 1 SubunitMatrilin ProteinsSOX9 Transcription FactorImmunohistochemistryRats, Sprague-DawleyCells, CulturedMice, KnockoutSkull BaseMicrodissectionCell Division24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3
Growth Plate InjuriesGrowth Plate Injuries
Injuries to growth plates, which produce new bone tissue and determine the final length and shape of bones in adulthood, must ... growth plates close later, at around ages 15 to 17. Before growth is complete, the growth plates are at risk for fractures ( ... In growing kids, growth plates sit between the metaphysis and the epiphysis. Growth plates are at the end of long bones, and ... Causes of Growth Plate Injuries. Most of the time, growth plate injuries happen from falling or twisting. Contact sports, like ...
http://kidshealth.org/BarbaraBushChildrens/en/parents/growth-plate-injuries.html
Growth Plate Injuries - knee, leg - World of Sports ScienceGrowth Plate Injuries - knee, leg - World of Sports Science
Growth Plate Injuries. Every one of the long skeletal bones in the body has a growth plate that governs its rate of the bone ... Type I is a fracture of the bone above the growth plate, with a line extending into the growth plate. These fractures are ... of all growth plate injuries in both sexes occur in the competitive sport environment. A further 20% of growth plate damage ... interacts with the cells of the growth plate during periods of cellular creation. As a child grows, the growth plates harden by ...
http://www.faqs.org/sports-science/Fo-Ha/Growth-Plate-Injuries.html
Growth Plate (Physeal) Fractures: Background, Anatomy, PathophysiologyGrowth Plate (Physeal) Fractures: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
... sprains and strains often result in potentially serious growth plate fractures and physeal fractures (see the image below). ... and the spherical growth plate (enables epiphyseal growth). For the purposes of this article, the horizontal growth plate is ... or epiphyseal plate. The epiphysis is not the cartilaginous growth plate-epiphysis and growth plate are not synonyms-but, ... Technically, two growth plates may be considered to exist in immature long bones: the horizontal growth plate (physis) ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1260663-overview
Growth Plate Fracture | Sky Ridge Medical CenterGrowth Plate Fracture | Sky Ridge Medical Center
Learn more about Growth Plate Fracture at Sky Ridge Medical Center DefinitionCausesRisk ... A growth plate fracture is a crack or split in or through the softer areas of a childs bone. These areas let the bone grow and ... conditions/growth-plate-fractures. Updated October 2014. Accessed September 19, 2019. ... Growth Plate Fractures. Ortho Info-American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons website. Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en ...
https://skyridgemedcenter.com/hl/?/859356/Fractura-del-cart%C3%ADlago-de-crecimiento
7. Regulation of growth plate chondrocytes and bone cells7. Regulation of growth plate chondrocytes and bone cells
The traditional view was that growth hormone acted indirectly on the growth plate via IGF-I, a potent mitogen for growth plate ... FGF and IGF-1 are the minimum growth factor requirements for serum-free growth of avian growth plate chondrocytes (Leach & ... However, there is increasing evidence that growth hormone has direct effects on the growth plate (Tripper et al., 1989). (This ... BMP2 stimulates the growth and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes in vitro, and results in the development of the ...
http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/food2/UID06E/UID06E0V.HTM
What are Growth Plates & When Do Growth Plates Close?What are Growth Plates & When Do Growth Plates Close?
... the growth plate closes once the child has attained puberty. Thus for females, the normal age at which time the growth plate ... The growth plate determines how the length and shape of the bone will be once the child attains puberty. Normally, ... which is also known by the name of epiphyseal plate, is an area of growing tissues along the end of the long bones in a child. ... What Are Growth Plates?. The growth plate, which is also known by the name of epiphyseal plate, is an area of growing tissues ...
https://www.epainassist.com/bones/what-are-growth-plates-and-when-do-growth-plates-close
Estrogen action in growth plate cartilageEstrogen action in growth plate cartilage
Estrogen, growth plate, GPR30, GPER, IGF-1 National Category Endocrinology and Diabetes Identifiers. URN: urn:nbn:se:his:diva- ... Estrogen action in growth plate cartilage. Rafi, Ali University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences. ...
http://his.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:504885
growth plate closure chart - Plot.vlta.cogrowth plate closure chart - Plot.vlta.co
... determination of the closure time of growth plates of tibia fibula, growth plate fractures orthoinfo aaos ... 3 answers when do the epiphyseal plates close and is there a way, ... welcome to kiokee mastiffs mastiff growth plate closure, limb length discrepancy musculoskeletal key, ... Growth Plate Closure Chart. This image has been removed at the request of its copyright owner. growth plate closure chart ...
http://plot.vlta.co/growth-plate-closure-chart/
Articular cartilage and growth plate defects are associated wi...Articular cartilage and growth plate defects are associated wi...
Articular cartilage and growth plate defects are associated with chondrocyte cytoskeletal abnormalities in Tg737orpk mice ... The growth plates of orpk mice were significantly smaller in length and width, with marked changes in cellular organization in ... Articular cartilage and growth plate defects are associated with chondrocyte cytoskeletal abnormalities in Tg737orpk mice ... Wild-type chondrocytes throughout the developing epiphysis and growth plate expressed primary cilia, which showed a specific ...
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/articular-cartilage-growth-plate-defects-associated-chondrocyte-cytoskeletal-abnormalities-tg737orpk-mice-lacking-prima-3e209b41
Hypertrophic Chondrocytes Development in the Zeugopod Growth Plate - LifeMap DiscoveryHypertrophic Chondrocytes Development in the Zeugopod Growth Plate - LifeMap Discovery
Watch the introductory video to learn more about our database of embryonic development for stem cell research and regenerative medicine ...
https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/in-vivo-development/bone/zeugopod-growth-plate/hypertrophic-chondrocytes
Growth Plate | Article about Growth Plate by The Free DictionaryGrowth Plate | Article about Growth Plate by The Free Dictionary
Find out information about Growth Plate. The broad, articular surface on each end of a vertebral centrum. The thin layer of ... Growth Plate , Article about Growth Plate by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Growth+Plate ... redirected from Growth Plate). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Financial. epiphyseal plate. [ə¦pif·ə¦sē· ... which causes varus deformity if growth in the lateral aspect of the growth plate continues.. Radiological case of the month: ...
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Growth+Plate
Fractures Involving Growth Plates - Animal Surgical Center of MichiganFractures Involving Growth Plates - Animal Surgical Center of Michigan
Growth plate injury. *Since most of the longitudinal growth of bones occurs up to eight months of age, growth plate injuries ... Growth plates are responsible for growth of the bones.. *The growth plates are much softer than other regions of the bones, ... Results of growth plate fracture. *Growth plate becomes nonfunctional in many cases and the final length of the bone may be ... Home » Pet Conditions » Fractures Involving Growth Plates. Key Points. The growth plates are much softer than other regions of ...
https://www.animalsurgicalcenter.com/conditions/fractures-involving-growth-plates/
A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate.A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate.
Longitudinal bone growth in children is sustained by growth plates, narrow discs of cartilage that provide a continuous supply ... Our findings indicate that a stem cell niche develops postnatally in the epiphyseal growth plate, which provides a continuous ... A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate. ... it remains unknown how this supply is maintained throughout childhood growth. Chondroprogenitors in the resting zone are ...
https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/119e2b2c180c420caed1f5ea104e8518
Expression and production of stathmin in growth plate chondrocytes is cell-maturation dependent<...Expression and production of stathmin in growth plate chondrocytes is cell-maturation dependent<...
Growth plate cartilage is comprised of linear columns of chondrocytes with the least differentiated cells at one end and the ... N2 - Growth plate cartilage is comprised of linear columns of chondrocytes with the least differentiated cells at one end and ... AB - Growth plate cartilage is comprised of linear columns of chondrocytes with the least differentiated cells at one end and ... abstract = "Growth plate cartilage is comprised of linear columns of chondrocytes with the least differentiated cells at one ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/expression-and-production-of-stathmin-in-growth-plate-chondrocyte
Deletion of Vhlh in chondrocytes reduces cell proliferation and increases matrix deposition during growth plate development. -...Deletion of Vhlh in chondrocytes reduces cell proliferation and increases matrix deposition during growth plate development. -...
Lastly, newborns lacking both Vhlh and Hif1a genes in growth plate chondrocytes display essentially the same phenotype as Hif1a ... Morphologically, Vhlh null growth plates display a significantly reduced chondrocyte proliferation rate, increased ... of the transcription factor HIF1alpha leads to increased expression levels of HIF1alpha target genes in Vhlh null growth plates ... Deletion of Vhlh in chondrocytes reduces cell proliferation and increases matrix deposition during growth plate development. ...
https://www.oncology.ox.ac.uk/publications/958583
Growth Plate Fractures: Treatment, Surgery, Complications, and MoreGrowth Plate Fractures: Treatment, Surgery, Complications, and More
Find out how your childs doctor will treat a growth plate fracture, how quickly it heals, and whether there are possible ... Because the growth plates are soft, theyre easily injured. When that happens its called a "growth plate fracture." ... Boston Childrens Hospital: "Growth Plate Fractures in Children.". Seattle Childrens Hospital: "Fractures and Growth Plate ... kids get back to normal after a growth plate fracture without any lasting effects. One exception is if the growth plate is ...
https://www.webmd.com/children/growth-plate-fracture
Growth Plate Fractures (for Parents) - CareSource (naked/frame)Growth Plate Fractures (for Parents) - CareSource (naked/frame)
Injuries to growth plates, which produce new bone tissue and determine the final length and shape of bones in adulthood, must ... What Is a Growth Plate Fracture?. A growth plate fracture is a break in the growth plate of a child or teen. They happen most ... Do Growth Plate Fractures Affect Bone Growth?. Most growth plate fractures heal and do not affect future bone growth. ... What Is a Growth Plate?. Growth plates are the areas of active, new bone growth near the ends of bones. Theyre made up of ...
https://kidshealth.org/CareSource/en/parents/growth-plate-injuries.html
Growth PlateGrowth Plate
... , Ossification Center, Epiphyseal Line, Epiphyseal Plate, Bone Collar, Periosteal Bud, Long Bone Growth, Bone ... Growth Plate. search Growth Plate, Ossification Center, Epiphyseal Line, Epiphyseal Plate, Bone Collar, Periosteal Bud, Long ... Epiphyseal Plate cartilage (epiphysis or Growth Plate). *Cartilage remains between bone formed from primary (central) and ...
https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/Ortho/Anatomy/GrwthPlt.htm
Growth PlateGrowth Plate
... , Ossification Center, Epiphyseal Line, Epiphyseal Plate, Bone Collar, Periosteal Bud, Long Bone Growth, Bone ... Epiphyseal Plate, Epiphyseal Plates, Growth Plate, Growth Plates, Plate, Epiphyseal, Plate, Growth, Plates, Epiphyseal, Plates ... epiphyseal growth plate, epiphyseal plates, long bone growth plate, physis, epiphyseal plate, growth plates, growth plate, ... Growth plate, Epiphyseal growth plate, Epiphyseal plate, Epiphysial plate, Cartilago epiphysialis, Epiphyseal plate (body ...
https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/Ortho/Anatomy/GrwthPlt.htm
Fractures across a growth plate: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia ImageFractures across a growth plate: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
A fracture involving a growth plate (the cartilage plate near the end of the bone of a growing child ... A fracture involving a growth plate (the cartilage plate near the end of the bone of a growing child where growth occurs) can ... lead to disturbances in growth of the bone, even if treated properly. ... Fractures across a growth plate. URL of this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/18022.htm Fractures across a growth plate ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/18022.htm
Patent US6153011 - Continuous crystal plate growth process and apparatus - Google PatentsPatent US6153011 - Continuous crystal plate growth process and apparatus - Google Patents
3 shows a crystal melt purifier for use in a continuous crystal plate growth apparatus and process, such as shown in FIG. 1. ... The invention provides multi zone plate crystal growth and purifying.. The new continuous feed multi-zone crystal grower is ... 1 shows an apparatus and process for continuous crystal plate growth.. FIG. 2 shows a chamber for purifying crystal material ... A preferred continuous crystal plate growth apparatus has a source of starter material. A valve supplies material from the ...
http://www.google.com/patents/US6153011?dq=5,778,372
COSM » GROWTH PLATE INJURIESCOSM » GROWTH PLATE INJURIES
Growth Plate Injuries. What is the growth plate?. The growth plate, also known as the physis, is the area of developing tissue ... Which growth plate is injured. Some growth plates are more responsible for extensive bone growth than others. ... What causes growth plate injuries?. While growth plate injuries can be caused by an acute event, such as a fall or a blow to ... Who gets growth plate injuries?. These injuries occur in children and adolescents. The growth plate is the weakest area of the ...
http://arthroscopy.com/injuries-ailments/growth-plate-injuries/
IGNITE: Non Invasive Growth Plate Ablation Treatment | Childrens National HospitalIGNITE: Non Invasive Growth Plate Ablation Treatment | Children's National Hospital
IGNITE: Non Invasive Growth Plate Ablation Treatment. * IGNITE: Optimization of Treatment Planning of Non-Invasive Therapy with ...
https://childrensnational.org/research-and-education/sheikh-zayed/projects/bioengineering/ignite-non-invasive-growth-plate-ablation-treatment
Salter Harris Classification of growth plate fractures : Wheeless Textbook of OrthopaedicsSalter Harris Classification of growth plate fractures : Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
Salter Harris Classification of growth plate fractures. Salter Harris Classification of growth plate fractures. - See:. - Bone ... growth-plate frxs may lead to growth disorders due to destruction of epiphyseal circulation (inhibits physeal growth), or by ... to form across growth plate;. - frx subtypes:. - type I:. - type II:. - type III:. - type IV:. - type V:. Injuries involving ... Growth-Plate Fractures. - account for 15-20% of major long-bone frx & 34% of hand frx in childhood;. - large majority of these ...
https://www.wheelessonline.com/joints/salter-harris-classification-of-growth-plate-fractures/
Growth Plate Injuries in the Foot, Hip & More | NIAMSGrowth Plate Injuries in the Foot, Hip & More | NIAMS
Growth plate injuries happen when a bone is broken or fractured near the end. Learn more about these injuries & the problems ... Overview of Growth Plate Injuries. The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate or physis, is the area of growing ... Who Gets Growth Plate Injuries?. Growth plate injuries are more likely to occur:. *In growing children and teens. When your ... Symptoms of Growth Plate Injuries. Your child or teen could have symptoms of growth plate injury when your child:. *Complains ...
https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/growth-plate-injuries/advanced
Growth plates closing -Doctors Lounge(TM)Growth plates 'closing' -Doctors Lounge(TM)
... of growth in the femur occurs at the distal growth plate. The proportion of growth occurring in the distal femoral growth plate ... Bone growth occurs at the epiphysial plate.Growth in height of an individual is a sum of the growth of the long bones in the ... Question: Growth plates closing. okiegirl1972 - Tue Nov 03, 2009 3:23 pm. Share , ... said his growth plates are closing).I presume that X-Rays of the elbow and knee were obtained and the doctor based his ...
https://www.doctorslounge.com/endocrinology/forums/backup/topic-39818.html
Editorial: Elected leaders have water, growth and textbooks on their platesEditorial: Elected leaders have water, growth and textbooks on their plates
The all-important topics of water quality and growth will be on the minds of Southwest Floridas elected leaders as they ...
https://www.naplesnews.com/story/opinion/editorials/2019/03/02/editorial-elected-leaders-have-water-growth-and-textbooks-their-plates/3027352002/
Programs and Services for Growth Plate Fractures | Boston Childrens HospitalPrograms and Services for Growth Plate Fractures | Boston Children's Hospital
Learn about the programs and services for Growth Plate Fractures at Boston Childrens, ranked best Childrens Hospital by US ... Programs and Services for Growth Plate Fractures. Our team of experts provides specialized care to meet the needs of you or ...
http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/growth-plate-fractures/programs-and-services
Crucial Role of Elovl6 in Chondrocyte Growth and Differentiation during Growth Plate Development in MiceCrucial Role of Elovl6 in Chondrocyte Growth and Differentiation during Growth Plate Development in Mice
... PLoS One. 2016 Jul 28; ... Collectively, our data suggest that Elovl6 plays a critical role for proper development of embryonic growth plate. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27467521/
JCI - Indian hedgehog stimulates periarticular chondrocyte differentiation to regulate growth plate length independently of...JCI - Indian hedgehog stimulates periarticular chondrocyte differentiation to regulate growth plate length independently of...
H&E-stained growth plates from postnatal day 0.5 (P0.5) pups with the indicated genotypes. (. B. and C. ) The endogenous PTHrP ... growth plates. Mosaic PPR. ablation induced Ihh. expression in ectopic hypertrophic (arrowhead) and eutopic hypertrophic ... In the developing growth plate, periarticular chondrocytes proliferate, differentiate into columnar chondrocytes, and then ... Mosaic ablation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor in the growth plate caused upregulation of Ihh action, PTHrP upregulation, ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/24397/figure/4
JCI - Indian hedgehog stimulates periarticular chondrocyte differentiation to regulate growth plate length independently of...JCI - Indian hedgehog stimulates periarticular chondrocyte differentiation to regulate growth plate length independently of...
In the developing growth plate, periarticular chondrocytes proliferate, differentiate into columnar chondrocytes, and then ... Model for the regulation of growth plate chondrocyte differentiation by Ihh and PTHrP at distinct steps. In addition to ... Mosaic ablation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor in the growth plate caused upregulation of Ihh action, PTHrP upregulation, ... Indian hedgehog stimulates periarticular chondrocyte differentiation to regulate growth plate length independently of PTHrP. ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/24397/figure/7
Growth Plate Injuries in Children & Teens | Broken BonesGrowth Plate Injuries in Children & Teens | Broken Bones
Learn more about how growth plate injuries are diagnosed and treated. ... Growth plate injuries are a major cause of growth deformities in children and teens. ... A growth plate, also called an epiphyseal plate, is a section of cartilage located at the ends of the long bones of children ... If a growth plate injury is discovered, an MRI may also be useful to determine precisely where the plate has begun to close ...
https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_growth-plate-injuries.asp
High-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates. | PNASHigh-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates. | PNAS
High-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates.. V B Carruthers and G A ... Bloodstream forms were adapted to in vitro growth in liquid HMI-9 medium and then spread on HMI-9/0.65% agarose plates, where ... High-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates. ... High-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates. ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/89/18/8818
Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Market Sales Overview, Growth Opportunities and Restraint to 2021 | HealthcareInternal Trauma Fixation Plate Market Sales Overview, Growth Opportunities and Restraint to 2021 | Healthcare
Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Market Segment by Consumption Growth Rate and Market Share by Application: ... Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Market Sales Overview, Growth Opportunities and Restraint to 2021. ... Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Market report is an overview of the Global Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Industry It covers all ... Manufacturing Cost Analysis of Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Market:. A.Internal Trauma Fixation Plate Key Raw Materials ...
http://beforeitsnews.com/healthcare/2017/02/internal-trauma-fixation-plate-market-sales-overview-growth-opportunities-and-restraint-to-2021-2505934.html
A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in growth plate cartilage.A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in growth plate cartilage.
In endochondral bones, the growth plate cartilage promotes bone elongation via regulated chondrocyte maturation within an ... In endochondral bones, the growth plate cartilage promotes bone elongation via regulated chondrocyte maturation within an ... the thermodynamic landscape to promote organization of daughter cells in the context of the three-dimensional growth plate ... of disordered resting chondrocytes into clonal columns of discoid proliferative cells aligned with the primary growth vector. ...
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/dynamic-cell-adhesion-surface-regulates/24764078.html
Growth Plate Stress Fractures in Teenage ClimbersGrowth Plate Stress Fractures in Teenage Climbers
The bone grows from the growth plate and is weakest at this point. Growth plates are significantly weaker than the surrounding ... Growth plate stress fractures most commonly occur in teenage climbers at the time of the pubertal growth spurt, often around ... Growth Plate Stress Fractures in Teenage Climbers. Posted by Nick Colton on 15/04/2020. ... Teenage children who climb and train intensively are more at risk of epiphyseal (growth plate) stress fractures of the finger. ...
https://www.thebmc.co.uk/growth-plate-stress-fractures-in-teenage-climbers
Growth Plate financial definition of Growth PlateGrowth Plate financial definition of Growth Plate
What is Growth Plate? Meaning of Growth Plate as a finance term. What does Growth Plate mean in finance? ... Definition of Growth Plate in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Growth Plate financial definition of Growth Plate https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Growth+Plate ... growth. (redirected from Growth Plate). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia. Growth. The change in a ...
https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Growth+Plate
Everything You Need To Know About Age & Growth Plate - NecoleBitchieEverything You Need To Know About Age & Growth Plate - NecoleBitchie
What is growth plate?. The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate or physis, is the area of growing tissue found at ... How do I know if my growth plates are closed?. The only way to know if your growth plates are still open is to have an x-ray. ... The closure of growth plates is different for male and female.. Females growth plate closes earlier than males, if we take for ... What is the function of growth plate?. As I mentioned above, growth plates can be found at each end of long bones, and theyre ...
http://necolebitchie.com/health-fitness/everything-need-know-age-growth-plate/
c-Raf promotes angiogenesis during normal growth plate maturation | Developmentc-Raf promotes angiogenesis during normal growth plate maturation | Development
c-Raf promotes angiogenesis during normal growth plate maturation Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... c-Raf promotes angiogenesis during normal growth plate maturation. Eva S. Liu, Adalbert Raimann, Byongsoo Timothy Chae, Janaina ... c-Raf promotes angiogenesis during normal growth plate maturation. Eva S. Liu, Adalbert Raimann, Byongsoo Timothy Chae, Janaina ... c-Raf promotes angiogenesis during normal growth plate maturation. Eva S. Liu, Adalbert Raimann, Byongsoo Timothy Chae, Janaina ...
https://dev.biologists.org/content/143/2/348.article-info
Europe Automotive Brake Plate Market: Study Growth Factors, Types and Applications with Market Forecasts | BusinessEurope Automotive Brake Plate Market: Study Growth Factors, Types and Applications with Market Forecasts | Business
Europe Automotive Brake Plate Market: Study Growth Factors, Types and Applications with Market Forecasts. ... Europe Automotive Brake Plate Market Competition by Manufacturers, Type and Application. * Europe Automotive Brake Plate Market ... Overview of Europe Automotive Brake Plate Market. * Market Size (Value and Volume) analysis of Europe Automotive Brake Plate ... Europe Automotive Brake Plate Market Production, Supply, Sales, and Demand Research Report is a systematically conducted ...
http://beforeitsnews.com/business/2017/02/europe-automotive-brake-plate-market-study-growth-factors-types-and-applications-with-market-forecasts-3189444.html
growth plates and steroids | MuscleTalk.co.ukgrowth plates and steroids | MuscleTalk.co.uk
growth plates and steroids. mates just gotten off a 4 week cycle of epistane, and done his pct, thing is hes only 20. he asked ... my question to you is, seeing as that was his first cycle and hes off now, if his growth plates were still open before he went ... so if you took a non aromatising steriod growth plates wouldnt be effected?. Theoretically yes, a medical example of this is ... so if you took a non aromatising steriod growth plates wouldnt be effected?. Theoretically yes, a medical example of this is ...
https://www.muscletalk.co.uk/growth-plates-and-steroids-m2716901.aspx
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Growth PlateChondrocytesBone DevelopmentEpiphysesTibiaCartilageBone PlatesOsteochondrodysplasiasMetatarsal BonesCollagen Type XChondrogenesisCalcification, PhysiologicBone and BonesOsteogenesisThiramMetacarpusFemurGrowth Differentiation Factor 10HypertrophyParathyroid Hormone-Related ProteinBone Diseases, DevelopmentalReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3SkeletonDwarfismHedgehog ProteinsRibsSOXD Transcription FactorsAchondroplasiaCell DifferentiationReceptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1Exostoses, Multiple HereditaryCartilage, ArticularOsteochondritisIn Situ HybridizationBone MatrixHumerusCollagen Type IINeural PlateHyperostosisPeriosteumRicketsGrowth DisordersGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalAggrecansOsteoblastsCollagenOssification, HeterotopicCell ProliferationAlkaline PhosphataseInsulin-Like Growth Factor IFemur HeadExtracellular Matrix ProteinsCore Binding Factor Alpha 1 SubunitMatrilin ProteinsSOX9 Transcription FactorImmunohistochemistryRats, Sprague-DawleyCells, CulturedMice, KnockoutSkull BaseMicrodissectionCell Division24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3
ChondrocytesFracturesPhysisFracturePubertyEpiphysis and growth plateInjuriesLongitudinal growthBonesOccursTibialHormoneHypertrophyTissuesHypertrophicRegulates growthDevelopmentProliferationGenesChildhood growthDefectsNorth America2021MajorlyCAGRInjuries2019Cartilage2020Bone growthNickelConsumptionForecastProximalDistalSignificantlyIncreasingBlood vesselsInsightsDemandVibrationFactorsAgarDamagesTumorTraumaTrendsProcessChondrocytesIncreaseInjuryMarket growthSales RevenueStrengthSizeShareAreaApplicationsExpected to driveMetalImportantStructurePuppyPromotesApplicationProteinIndustryTypesChangeRolePhaseSystemsShowcasesFormationStudyCurrentReport
Chondrocytes12
  • Wild-type chondrocytes throughout the developing epiphysis and growth plate expressed primary cilia, which showed a specific orientation away from the articular surface in the first 7-10 cell layers. (mysciencework.com)
  • Longitudinal bone growth in children is sustained by growth plates, narrow discs of cartilage that provide a continuous supply of chondrocytes for endochondral ossification 1. (scilifelab.se)
  • Here, using clonal genetic tracing with multicolour reporters and functional perturbations, we demonstrate that longitudinal growth during the fetal and neonatal periods involves depletion of chondroprogenitors, whereas later in life, coinciding with the formation of the secondary ossification centre, chondroprogenitors acquire the capacity for self-renewal, resulting in the formation of large, stable monoclonal columns of chondrocytes. (scilifelab.se)
  • Our findings indicate that a stem cell niche develops postnatally in the epiphyseal growth plate, which provides a continuous supply of chondrocytes over a prolonged period. (scilifelab.se)
  • Growth plate cartilage is comprised of linear columns of chondrocytes with the least differentiated cells at one end and the terminally differentiated cells at the other end. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Rat costochondral chondrocytes can be divided into the resting cell zone (reserve cell zone), which contains relatively immature chondrocytes (RC cells), and the phenotypically more mature prehypertrophic and upper hypertrophic cell zones, which together may be termed the growth zone chondrocytes (GC cells). (uthscsa.edu)
  • Boyan, Barbara D. / Expression and production of stathmin in growth plate chondrocytes is cell-maturation dependent . (uthscsa.edu)
  • Deletion of Vhlh in chondrocytes reduces cell proliferation and increases matrix deposition during growth plate development. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Lastly, newborns lacking both Vhlh and Hif1a genes in growth plate chondrocytes display essentially the same phenotype as Hif1a null single mutant mice suggesting that the Vhlh null phenotype could result, at least in part, from increased activity of accumulated HIF1alpha. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In vivo, Stat5b+ve nuclei were seen in the resting and prehypertrophic chondrocytes of the growth plate. (edu.au)
  • In the growth plate, our data provide direct in vivo support for an early role of GH to regulate the fate of immature chondrocytes. (edu.au)
  • Both proteins were present in the growth plate as well as in N1511 chondrocytes. (pcom.edu)
Fractures8
  • Growth plate (physeal) fractures may be defined as disruptions in the cartilaginous physis of long bones that may or may not involve epiphyseal or metaphyseal bone. (medscape.com)
  • It is essential to keep in mind that with growth plate fractures, as with real estate, the most important datum is location, and timing is the key to treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Fractures in the metaphysis, closer to the growth plate, remodel more reliably than those in the diaphysis do. (medscape.com)
  • These fractures may cause problems with bone growth. (skyridgemedcenter.com)
  • Growth plate fractures are caused by trauma to the bone. (skyridgemedcenter.com)
  • Available at: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/growth-plate-fractures. (skyridgemedcenter.com)
  • This is precisely the reason as to why more than 1/4th of fractures in children occur in the growth plates. (epainassist.com)
  • The diagrams below show the different type of fractures (the blue line represents the soft growth plate tissue, the red line represents the fracture line, and the speckled red line is a crushed growth plate). (animalsurgicalcenter.com)
Physis2
  • Technically, two growth plates may be considered to exist in immature long bones: the horizontal growth plate (physis) and the spherical growth plate (enables epiphyseal growth). (medscape.com)
  • It may also be referred to as the cartilaginous growth plate, physis, or epiphyseal plate. (medscape.com)
Fracture4
  • When growth deformity is possible, the treating provider must predict the degree of expected remodeling, and this requires an understanding of the specific fracture. (medscape.com)
  • If surgery is required, it is best to initiate treatment promptly, before healing begins and fracture surfaces smooth off or Z-deformities develop with partial continued growth. (medscape.com)
  • A growth plate fracture is a crack or split in or through the softer areas of a child's bone. (skyridgemedcenter.com)
  • A Salter-Harris classification of growth plate fracture has been described in humans and seems to relate to prognosis. (animalsurgicalcenter.com)
Puberty3
  • The growth plate determines how the length and shape of the bone will be once the child attains puberty . (epainassist.com)
  • Normally, the growth plate closes once the child has attained puberty. (epainassist.com)
  • However, the thumb rule is that the time when a child attains puberty, which is 12-14 years in girls and 14 to16 years in boys, is when the growth plates close. (epainassist.com)
Epiphysis and growth plate1
  • The epiphysis is not the cartilaginous growth plate-epiphysis and growth plate are not synonyms-but, rather, the bone of the secondary ossification center. (medscape.com)
Injuries1
  • Injuries to the physes are more likely to occur in an active pediatric population than sprains or ligament injuries are, in part because the ligaments and joint capsules have greater structural strength and integrity than the growth plates do. (medscape.com)
Longitudinal growth1
Bones4
  • The horizontal growth plate is easily seen on radiographs of most growing long bones as a horizontal radiolucent region near the end of the bone. (medscape.com)
  • The growth plate, which is also known by the name of epiphyseal plate, is an area of growing tissues along the end of the long bones in a child. (epainassist.com)
  • Dogs and cats under one year of age have growth plates, which are located near the ends of the bones of the limbs. (animalsurgicalcenter.com)
  • Growth plates are responsible for growth of the bones. (animalsurgicalcenter.com)
Occurs1
Tibial1
  • This study investigated the association between orpk tibial long bone growth and chondrocyte primary cilia expression using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. (mysciencework.com)
Hormone1
  • Gevers, E. F., Hannah, M. J., Waters, M. J. and Robinson, I. C. A. F. (2009) Regulation of Rapid Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-5 Phosphorylation in the Resting Cells of the Growth Plate and in the Liver by Growth Hormone and Feeding. (edu.au)
Hypertrophy1
  • These data suggest that failure to form a functional primary cilium affects chondrocyte differentiation and results in delayed chondrocyte hypertrophy within the orpk growth plate. (mysciencework.com)
Tissues1
  • GH has physiological functions in many tissues, but the cellular targets for direct effects of GH remain ill defined in complex tissues such as the growth plate in which the contribution of direct vs. indirect actions of GH remains controversial. (edu.au)
Hypertrophic2
  • The growth plates of orpk mice were significantly smaller in length and width, with marked changes in cellular organization in the presumptive articular cartilage, proliferative and hypertrophic zones. (mysciencework.com)
  • Cell density at the articular surface and in the hypertrophic zone was significantly altered, suggesting defects in both appositional and endochondral growth. (mysciencework.com)
Regulates growth1
  • The goal of our investigation was to explore the mechanism by which hypoxia regulates growth plate chondrocyte survival. (pcom.edu)
Development1
  • Orpk mice have an array of skeletal patterning defects and show stunted growth after birth, suggesting defects in appositional and endochondral development. (mysciencework.com)
Proliferation1
  • Morphologically, Vhlh null growth plates display a significantly reduced chondrocyte proliferation rate, increased extracellular matrix, and presence of atypical large cells within the resting zone. (ox.ac.uk)
Genes1
  • Furthermore, stabilization of the transcription factor HIF1alpha leads to increased expression levels of HIF1alpha target genes in Vhlh null growth plates. (ox.ac.uk)
Childhood growth1
  • However, it remains unknown how this supply is maintained throughout childhood growth. (scilifelab.se)
Defects2
  • Articular cartilage and growth plate defects are associated wi. (mysciencework.com)
  • Articular cartilage and growth plate defects are associated with chondrocyte cytoskeletal abnormalities in Tg737orpk mice lacking the primary cilia protein polaris. (mysciencework.com)
North America6
  • This report focuses on the Internal Bone Fixation Plate market, especially in North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. (newsdistinct.com)
  • North America clavicle plating system market was valued at USD 40.4 million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 52.4 million by 2027, expanding at a CAGR of 4.2% during the forecast period. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • North America clavicle plating system market is driven by the advent of newer technologies related to clavicle plating system. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • Increasing occurrence of clavicle fracture in the U.S. is contributing to the growth of North America clavicle plating system market. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • These road accidents lead to the rise in number of patients of trauma and clavicle fractures thereby, propelling the growth of North America clavicle plating system market. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • The growth is attributed to the increasing number of road accidents & sports injuries and strong presence of market players in North America. (growthmarketreports.com)
20211
  • OTTAWA -- The Canadian economy sprinted to the finish line of 2020 with nearly double-digit growth in the fourth quarter, ending its worst year on record on a strong note that has continued into the start of 2021. (ctvnews.ca)
Majorly3
  • Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is majorly used for metal plating owing to its superior processing ability, dimensional stability, toughness, affordability, durability, and chemical resistance. (comunicati.net)
  • The fractures in middle of the bone between the sternum and AC joint are commonly seen in the U.S. and are majorly contributing to the segmental growth. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • This resulted in the slowdown in the sales of products, which majorly impacted the growth rate of the market. (ksusentinel.com)
CAGR2
  • Plating on Plastics Market is expected to register a CAGR of 4.8% and reach USD 654.79 Million during the forecast period. (comunicati.net)
  • The report shows the growth rate of the market and by what CAGR it increasing on an annual basis. (ksusentinel.com)
Injuries8
  • Two injuries can happen: A fracture through the growth plate Usually by one year of age, when the pet is mature, the growth plates are closed and are not visible on x-rays. (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • Prieur W D (1989) Management of growth plate injuries in puppies and kittens. (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • Since growth plate injuries typically occur on one side of the plate or the other, the damaged side of the bone quits growing, but the healthy side continues to grow. (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • Injuries to the growth plate may cause complex problems. (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • Injury to a growth plate can result in a misshapen or shortened limb which, in turn, can create an incorrect angle to a joint which can make the puppy more prone to yet more injuries when he grows up. (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • What Is the Best Treatment for Growth Plate Injuries? (ox.ac.uk)
  • Injuries of a growth plate, area of tissue at the end of the long bones in growing children and teens. (nih.gov)
  • Also, children are subject to overuse injuries, especially epiphyseal (aka growth-plate) trauma, he said. (focusedtrainers.com)
20191
  • That lasted until March 0f 2019 and it was time to go back to outpatient surgery to get the plate and screw out of his leg. (tcomn.com)
Cartilage1
  • The growth plates in the dog are the areas of cartilage that develop at the end of the long bones of the legs, which over time, calcify and develop into denser matter as the puppy gets older and works their muscles more. (pets4homes.co.uk)
20204
  • The examination report, title "Worldwide Plate Iron-Remover Market 2020" presents a thorough interpretation of the general market. (collegebaseballcentral.com)
  • The economy grew at an annualized rate of 9.6 per cent over the last three months of 2020, Statistics Canada reported Tuesday , down from an annualized growth rate of 40.6 per cent in the third quarter when the country fully emerged from the near-shutdown last spring. (ctvnews.ca)
  • The bottom-line progress Riley made in 2020 was modest-he hit .239/.301/.415 with eight home runs and batted seventh in a stacked Braves' lineup during the postseason-but his plate skills showed encouraging growth. (baseballamerica.com)
  • For Tellez, maintaining the plate skills growth he showed in 2020 will be essential to remaining relevant in a stacked Toronto lineup that now includes free agent imports George Springer and Marcus Semien . (baseballamerica.com)
Bone growth5
  • The top half of Carter's plate and one screw already had new bone growth over it. (tcomn.com)
  • Sometimes new bone growth is also visible on radiographs, and the area of bone near the growth plate will be bowed. (topdoghealth.com)
  • Bone growth is a continual process of resorption and new bone formation. (chiroeco.com)
  • After that point, bone resorption will begin to exceed new bone growth, which is what starts the process of bone loss. (chiroeco.com)
  • 2 These plates were based on research in lab rats showing that high-frequency, low-magnitude forces did a better job of stimulating bone growth than low-frequency, high-magnitude plates. (chiroeco.com)
Nickel6
  • Copper, nickel, and chromium are significantly used for plating different plastics. (comunicati.net)
  • Copper and nickel plating is used to add corrosion resistance property and increase the strength of the plastic component. (comunicati.net)
  • While at the surface of the brass substrate plated with tin on nickel, there was no trace of the tin whisker at all. (asminternational.org)
  • Nickel and tin plated monolithic chip capacitors placed at the same condition for 18 years were also observed and the tin whisker growth phenomenon has never taken place either. (asminternational.org)
  • As a result, the tin plated film on the nickel over silver thick film does not provide the tin whisker growth. (asminternational.org)
  • Nickel underplating plays an important role in tin plated capacitors for not only the solder leaching but also the tin whisker growth problems. (asminternational.org)
Consumption1
  • The growing consumption of plating on plastics in automobile components and home appliances is driving the regional market growth. (comunicati.net)
Forecast5
  • The aftermarket demand for interior and exterior automobile parts such as bumpers, grilles, and wheel rims are projected to drive the growth of the global plating on plastics market during the forecast period. (comunicati.net)
  • The US is the largest market for second-hand cars and thus the demand for plating on plastics in the production of aftermarket plastic components is estimated to fuel the regional market growth during the forecast period. (comunicati.net)
  • Moreover, factors such as introduction of newer materials, hybrid systems, and anatomical plates for clavicle plating system are expected to drive the market growth during the forecast period. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • Thus, the demand for clavicle plating systems is expected to increase during the forecast period. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • The study provides analyses of growth rates and risks from new entrants that were used to forecast market growth for the projected forecasted period. (ksusentinel.com)
Proximal2
  • A clear proximal margin in the nail plate appears within a few weeks due to normal nail growth after the injury and the discoloured nail plate grows outwards. (dermnetnz.org)
  • Predominantly cam morphology, which is an extra bone formation on the anterolateral head-neck junction, is studied in relation to the proximal femoral growth plate, several radiological hip parameters (NSA, EE, LCEA), hip range of motion and symptomatology. (sportgeneeskunde.com)
Distal1
  • The hyponychium (the skin under the free distal edge of the nail) may appear thickened due to blood between the nail plate and the nail bed. (dermnetnz.org)
Significantly1
  • These preliminary results demonstrate that potential exists to significantly increase growth rates of young entire male rangelands goats and significant variation in growth exists even within a small mob of goats that were of a similar live weight. (mla.com.au)
Increasing2
  • The increasing demand for electronic products is estimated to drive the demand for plating on plastics during the review period. (comunicati.net)
  • Increasing application of plating on plastics insulation in the automotive industry is expected to drive the products' demand in the regional market. (comunicati.net)
Blood vessels1
  • A series of events occurs, beginning with a disruption of the blood vessels near the growth plate. (topdoghealth.com)
Insights2
  • Industry Growth Insights (IGI) has published a latest report on Global Hand Brake Valve Market report. (ksusentinel.com)
  • The Stainless Steel Sheets Market report produced at DECISIVE MARKETS INSIGHTS provides related information which acts as a guide to the opportunities and growth in the market share. (ksusentinel.com)
Demand3
  • The growth of the European market is driven by growth in infrastructure activities, which is expected to boost the demand for sanitary fittings in the region. (comunicati.net)
  • In the Middle East & Africa, the rise in infrastructure projects is driving the demand for plating on plastics in sanitary fittings such as bathroom accessories and kitchen accessories. (comunicati.net)
  • SMMT chief executive Mike Hawes said: "Demand for the new 64-plate has been boosted by intensifying confidence in the UK economy, with consumers attracted by a wide range of exciting, increasingly fuel-efficient, new cars. (autocar.co.uk)
Vibration2
  • The armed agents also stole 27 TurboSonic machines, which is a sound-actuated vibration plate device that Jim invented to stimulate growth plates in the body, improve circulation, energize the lymphatic system, and improve muscle strength. (naturalnews.com)
  • In order to help the astronauts regain some of the bone density they had lost, NASA scientists developed vibration plates for the astronauts to use 10 to 15 minutes per day. (chiroeco.com)
Factors6
  • What are the factors driving the growth of the market? (newsdistinct.com)
  • What factors are inhibiting market growth? (newsdistinct.com)
  • Maybe these molecules are nutrients or growth factors, or maybe they provide signals that trigger bacteria to grow at just the right moment. (popsci.com)
  • The physiological and psychological factors that are affected by poor health can cripple an individuals growth and development as an adult. (focusedtrainers.com)
  • The factors leading to this extraordinary growth is attributed to various market dynamics discussed in the report. (ksusentinel.com)
  • The report also showcases the factors which are affecting the market growth. (ksusentinel.com)
Agar4
  • and smear the isolated bacteria on a nutrient-laced agar plate, usually contained in a petri dish. (popsci.com)
  • This is called the Great Plate Count Anomaly, and it refers to the number of bacterial colonies in an environmental sample compared to those that survive on an agar plate. (popsci.com)
  • Most attempts to fix the growth problem have focused on tweaking the agar plate conditions, from changing the nutrients to the way the materials are sterilized. (popsci.com)
  • To evaluate antifungal activity, the bacterial isolates were individually spot-inoculated onto Tryptic Soy Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar, or MRS agar, depending on isolate growth requirements and then a plug of fungal-colonized agar was placed onto the center of the isolate-inoculated plate. (calpoly.edu)
Damages2
  • If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, What damages growth plates? (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • One problem they can develop due to their low set bodies and short legs is Skye Limp, which damages the growth plate. (justusdogs.com.au)
Tumor3
  • In vitro and in vivo tumor growth and the biochemical consequences of β 4 integrin inactivation were studied in mammary tumor cells by using short hairpin RNA approach. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our data show that tumor growth of mammary tumor cells strictly depends on β 4 expression, confirming the relevance of β 4 protein in these cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the present study, by using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference, we showed that β 4 integrin expression is required for mammary tumor cell growth and that the abrogation of endogenous β 4 integrin expression is responsible for a significant reduction in the endogenous PI3K activity and AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)
Trauma1
  • These growth plates are vulnerable to damage from over-exercise and trauma. (rfadvogados.com.br)
Trends1
  • This report focuses on the Global Internal Bone Fixation Plate Market trends, future forecasts, growth opportunities, key end-user industries, and market players. (newsdistinct.com)
Process5
  • As your puppy gets older, their exercise provision should match their development and increase as they grow, alongside of the hardening process of the growth plates themselves. (pets4homes.co.uk)
  • Plating on plastics is a process that enhances the functional properties of plastic. (comunicati.net)
  • The process of detailed design and plan preparation of steel plate girder bridges using AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) specifications is quite involved. (meadhunt.com)
  • However, it is still a crucial problem of Li dendrite growth and large volume change during the stripping/plating process. (cern.ch)
  • 1 Most of this growth process occurs during childhood and adolescence. (chiroeco.com)
Chondrocytes1
  • The bone morphogenetic protein 5 (BMP5) participates in skeletal development but its direct effects on the function of growth plate chondrocytes during chondrogenesis have not been explored. (ox.ac.uk)
Increase4
  • In terms of working out exactly how much exercise your puppy needs or should be provided with before they reach the age where the growth plates have fully developed, it is important to factor in the age of your pup and their stage of development, and increase their exercise levels as they get older gradually. (pets4homes.co.uk)
  • Supplements won't increase your height and GH will not work if your growth plates are closed. (news24.com)
  • Despite the better-than-expected result for the quarter as a whole, growth slowed in December with a 0.1 per cent increase for the month, which followed a 0.8 per cent increase in November. (ctvnews.ca)
  • On the restaurant side, Asian 2.0 may be reflected as an increase of Asian Dim Sum, similar to the growth that tapas, meze, and other small plates experienced. (foodbusinessnews.net)
Injury3
  • Before the growth plates fully develop and mature into harder bone matter, they can be very vulnerable to injury from too much exercise and hard impacts, as they are the final part of the long bones to harden off. (pets4homes.co.uk)
  • Growth = Imbalance = risk of Injury Joints are unstable until all the growth plates on both sides AND the bones (which form the levers for movement) have finished developing and can cope with the sheer force applied to them by the large muscle groups as puppy moves. (rfadvogados.com.br)
  • The risks of participating in an unsupervised strength training program include injury to the discs and growth plates of the spine and even occasionally death from weights landing on the chest wall. (healthychildren.org)
Market growth1
  • Stringent Environment Protection Agency (EPA) regulations on chrome finishing auto parts and electronics products have redistricted the global market growth. (comunicati.net)
Sales Revenue1
  • Firstly, this report focuses on price, sales, revenue and growth rate of each type, as well as the types and each type price of key manufacturers, through interviewing key manufacturers. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Strength5
  • Around 80% of plastics used for metal plating are acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) owing to its thermal and chemical stability, high strength and toughness. (comunicati.net)
  • The system consists of two plate styles including high flex and high strength plates. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • The high strength plates offer two-dimensional contouring that provides increased plate stiffness as compared to high flex plates. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • Strength training is dangerous to growth plates. (healthychildren.org)
  • Strength training is not harmful to the growth plates when done in supervised settings using low weight and high repetitions. (healthychildren.org)
Size2
  • The plate features an alphanumeric well numbering containing a bar (0.1 x 0.5 mm) for a quick estimation of crystal size. (mitegen.com)
  • The report depicts the importance of the market size of the population which plays a major role for the industry growth. (ksusentinel.com)
Share2
  • And while retailers in virus-hit China suffered a stagnation of sales during February , UK retailers took to social media to share the success of the footfall-driving newly-arrived number plate yesterday (March 1). (am-online.com)
  • The restaurant will feature American small plates, he says, though he would rather not share the name just yet. (suburbanlifemagazine.com)
Area1
  • If the growth plate in this area is damaged and stops growing, the opposite bone will continue to develop normally, leading to bow legs and an awkward moving gait that the puppy will retain for life. (pets4homes.co.uk)
Applications1
  • Global Plate Glass Industry 2017 Research Report initially provides a basic overview of the industry that covers definition, applications and manufacturing technology, post which the report explores into the international players in the market. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Expected to drive1
  • The examination report offers a top to bottom investigation of the elements and propensities in client conduct expected to drive the fate of the worldwide Plate Iron-Remover Market industry. (collegebaseballcentral.com)
Metal2
  • Na metal anode also shows the great potential for the Na metal batteries [4], which facing the similar problems of dendritic Na growth. (cern.ch)
  • Here, we demonstrated the successful application of both ALD Al2O3 and MLD alucone protective coatings on Na metal anode in ether and carbonate-based electrolyte, respectively, to achieve long lifetime Na metal anode with suppressed dendrite growth [5]. (cern.ch)
Important3
  • In order to be able to work out how much exercise your puppy needs and to ensure that the growth plates develop properly and normally, it is first important to know what the growth plates are, what they do, and how they develop. (pets4homes.co.uk)
  • The most important parameter for the design of steel plate girder bridges is the selection of near practical optimum web depth. (meadhunt.com)
  • These watercolors constitute Blake's first set of illustrations for the Book of Job, which the artist produced between 1805 and 1810 for his most important patron, Thomas Butts, plus two (plates 17 and 20) that he added after 1821 when he borrowed the set to copy for John Linnell. (themorgan.org)
Structure3
  • Clavicle plating system offers strong fixation of bone fragments in a locked plating structure that can be contoured directly to the bone. (growthmarketreports.com)
  • Therefore, for a 140 foot span steel plate girder, 57-inch, 60-inch, and 63-inch web depths (which are in the range of 1.05-1.10 x minimum web depth) can be investigated for the preliminary design to determine near optimal structure depth. (meadhunt.com)
  • Therefore, for a 140-foot maximum span continuous steel plate girder, 45-inch, 48-inch, and 51-inch deep web depths (which again are in the range of 1.05-1.10 x minimum web depth) can be investigated for the preliminary design to determine near optimal structure depth. (meadhunt.com)
Puppy2
  • However, there is also another factor to take into account when playing with and exercising your puppy, and this is the development of the pup's growth plates, and ensuring that they do not become overburdened or damaged by too much movement while your dog is still developing them. (pets4homes.co.uk)
  • this is one of the rules of the sport, in order to protect the health and growth of your developing puppy. (pets4homes.co.uk)
Promotes1
  • As a matter of good health and prevention of other conditions, however, giant and large breed puppies should be fed a diet that promotes slow, steady growth, rather than rapid growth. (topdoghealth.com)
Application1
  • The application of the momentum integral equation for laminar and turbulent boundary layers over flat plates will be explained. (edu.mt)
Protein2
  • Knockdown of Brk by stable expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in T47D breast cancer cells decreases proliferation and blocks epidermal growth factor (EGF)- and heregulin-induced activation of Rac GTPase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 5, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) but not Akt, ERK1/2, or c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase. (aacrjournals.org)
  • NAG-1 is a secreted protein with homology to members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. (aacrjournals.org)
Industry3
  • The survey of Porter's five forces shows the idea of serious rivalry while the SWOT investigation centers around delineating the advantages, weaknesses, prospects, and difficulties rising on the worldwide Plate Iron-Remover Market industry. (collegebaseballcentral.com)
  • However, the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) says that last month's more moderate growth compared to earlier in the year shows the industry is starting to level off in its recovery. (autocar.co.uk)
  • Global Plate Glass Market Report 2017 is a professional and in-depth survey on the current state of the Plate Glass industry. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Types1
  • Steel plate girder bridges are a suitable bridge option that support a variety of roadway structures, including railroads and highways traffic, so it's no surprise that they have been one of the most commonly used bridge types since the late 19th century. (meadhunt.com)
Change1
  • New for the latest 'plate change are models including the new Jaguar F-Type, Hyundai i10 , Peugeot e-208 , Ford Puma and Vauxhall Corsa e . (am-online.com)
Role1
  • When neutralized, the antimicrobial activity of the CFS of the three LAB isolates was greatly diminished, illustrating the role of lactic acid in the inhibition of pathogen growth. (calpoly.edu)
Phase3
  • The live weight of bucks entering Phase 2 (15 to 25kg) had no influence on their subsequent growth rates when fed lucerne hay or commercial pellets. (mla.com.au)
  • The project will now attempt to develop cost‐effective supplementation strategies to achieve the higher growth rates observed during Phase 2. (mla.com.au)
  • The height and depth of the seat and foot plate can be adjusted to suit the individual growth phase of your child. (babyartikel.de)
Systems1
  • As the footprint of CrystalQuick™ X is conforming to the ANSI/SBS 1-2004 standard, the plate is compatible with conventional automated systems. (mitegen.com)
Showcases1
  • Car retailers across the UK were embracing the direct customer contact delivered by March's 20-plate new car handovers as coronavirus rendered Geneva's model showcases online affairs. (am-online.com)
Formation3
  • At the surface of the tin-plated brass substrate placed at 50°C, the tin whiskers grew evidently within a short time, due to the formation of zinc oxide on the surface and alloying between plated tin and brass substrate as supposed. (asminternational.org)
  • apply the momentum integral equation to model the boundary layer formation over a flat plate. (edu.mt)
  • Endochondral ossification first takes place at the primary site at the center of the diaphysis, which allows formation of the two growth plates. (keywen.com)
Study1
  • The study of the Stainless Steel Sheets Market report enhances the vision of the market as it contains detailed interpretation of SWOT ANALYSIS with comparison of different growth areas relating to geographical locations which would help to set up a target audience in order to be a market leader. (ksusentinel.com)
Current1
  • Examiners have painstakingly assessed the achievements accomplished by the worldwide Plate Iron-Remover Market and the current patterns that are probably going to shape its future. (collegebaseballcentral.com)
Report1
  • The itemized investigation report utilized Porter 's examination of five powers and SWOT investigation to give per users a sensible comprehension of the way the worldwide Plate Iron-Remover Market interest should go. (collegebaseballcentral.com)
Editorial: Elected leaders have water, growth and textbooks on their plates
Editorial: Elected leaders have water, growth and textbooks on their plates (naplesnews.com)
Human Hairstyle Growth Plate Closure Age
Human Hairstyle Growth Plate Closure Age (ahsc-bonn.de)
Lawn mowers, ATVs and injury - Mayo Clinic
Lawn mowers, ATVs and injury - Mayo Clinic (mayoclinic.org)
Human hepatic stellate cell isolation and characterization | SpringerLink
Human hepatic stellate cell isolation and characterization | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Sri Vishnu (Narayan) 24c Gold Plate Yantra for Career Growth
Sri Vishnu (Narayan) 24c Gold Plate Yantra for Career Growth (astrodevam.com)
January-February 1991 - Volume 11 - Issue 1 : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics
January-February 1991 - Volume 11 - Issue 1 : Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics (journals.lww.com)
Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations During Bacterial Range Expansions | Genetics
Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations During Bacterial Range Expansions | Genetics (genetics.org)
Types Of Fractures - Types, Causes and Treatment - Sports Injuries
Types Of Fractures - Types, Causes and Treatment - Sports Injuries (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
Health Information Center
Health Information Center (healthlibrary.epnet.com)
Growth and LC-PUFA production of the cold-adapted microalga Koliella antarctica in photobioreactors | SpringerLink
Growth and LC-PUFA production of the cold-adapted microalga Koliella antarctica in photobioreactors | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
The unfolded protein response has a protective role in yeast models of classic galactosemia | Disease Models & Mechanisms
The unfolded protein response has a protective role in yeast models of classic galactosemia | Disease Models & Mechanisms (dmm.biologists.org)
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hips (DDH) | HubPages
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hips (DDH) | HubPages (hubpages.com)
Anabolic Steroids - EliteFitness.com Bodybuilding Forums
Anabolic Steroids - EliteFitness.com Bodybuilding Forums (elitefitness.com)
Growth plates 'closing' -Doctors Lounge(TM)
Growth plates 'closing' -Doctors Lounge(TM) (doctorslounge.com)
Osteoclasts are not a source of SLIT3 | Bone Research
Osteoclasts are not a source of SLIT3 | Bone Research (nature.com)
Frontiers | Effect of Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae on Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Regulating BMP-2 and Runx2 Expression...
Frontiers | Effect of Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae on Tibial Dyschondroplasia by Regulating BMP-2 and Runx2 Expression... (frontiersin.org)
Age-dependent modulation of vascular niches for haematopoietic stem cells | Nature
Age-dependent modulation of vascular niches for haematopoietic stem cells | Nature (nature.com)
Musculoskeletal Medicine - Orthogate Press
Musculoskeletal Medicine - Orthogate Press (orthogate.org)
Cartilage Disorders | MedlinePlus
Cartilage Disorders | MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
Leg Injuries | Leg Disorders: MedlinePlus
Leg Injuries | Leg Disorders: MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
An asymmetric centromeric nucleosome | eLife
An asymmetric centromeric nucleosome | eLife (elifesciences.org)
How Obesity Can Hurt Your Child's Muscles, Bones & Joints
How Obesity Can Hurt Your Child's Muscles, Bones & Joints (dellchildrens.net)
Broken Bones and Fractures in Children
Broken Bones and Fractures in Children (verywell.com)
Bone and Development | Felix Bronner | Springer
Bone and Development | Felix Bronner | Springer (springer.com)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Unfolding Protein Response-Apoptosis Cascade Causes Chondrodysplasia in a col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Unfolding Protein Response-Apoptosis Cascade Causes Chondrodysplasia in a col2a1 p.Gly1170Ser... (journals.plos.org)
Activation of NF-κB/p65 Facilitates Early Chondrogenic Differentiation during Endochondral Ossification
Activation of NF-κB/p65 Facilitates Early Chondrogenic Differentiation during Endochondral Ossification (journals.plos.org)
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Dried Pomegranate Potentiates Anti-Osteoporotic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Red Clover Dry...
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Dried Pomegranate Potentiates Anti-Osteoporotic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Red Clover Dry... (mdpi.com)
Structural phase transition in monolayer MoTe 2 driven by electrostatic doping | Nature
Structural phase transition in monolayer MoTe 2 driven by electrostatic doping | Nature (nature.com)
Fractures across a growth plate: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image
Fractures across a growth plate: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image (medlineplus.gov)
A. Noelle Larson, M.D. - الأطباء والفريق الطبي - Mayo Clinic (مايو كلينك)
A. Noelle Larson, M.D. - الأطباء والفريق الطبي - Mayo Clinic (مايو كلينك) (mayoclinic.org)
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Are Adolescent Climbers Aware of the Most Common Youth Climbing Injury and Safe Training Practices? ...
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Are Adolescent Climbers Aware of the Most Common Youth Climbing Injury and Safe Training Practices? ... (mdpi.com)