AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Plant StomataPlants, Genetically ModifiedPlant LeavesSurgical StomasPlant ProteinsPlant RootsPeritoneal StomataGenes, PlantPlant ShootsPlant ExtractsPlants, MedicinalPlant EpidermisDNA, PlantSelaginellaceaeBryophytaFernsThinkingAnthocerotophytaZea maysSalinityWater Loss, InsensibleOsmotic PressureWaterSeedlingDroughtsPhotosynthesisMetabolomicsMetabolomePlant TranspirationSalixEncyclopedias as TopicBetulaFlowersOrganic AgriculturePollinationViolaceaeBotanyPrussiaBooksPseudotsugaHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyTranscription FactorsArabidopsis ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, PlantArabidopsisCell DifferentiationMissouriSunlightPesticidesEpidermis
Plant Stomata: Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Surgical Stomas: Artificial openings created by a surgeon for therapeutic reasons. Most often this refers to openings from the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the ABDOMINAL WALL to the outside of the body. It can also refer to the two ends of a surgical anastomosis.Plant Proteins: Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.Plant Roots: The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Peritoneal Stomata: Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. Peritoneal stomata constitute the principal pathways for the drainage of intraperitoneal contents from the PERITONEAL CAVITY to the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.Genes, Plant: The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.Plant Shoots: New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Plants, Medicinal: Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.Plant Epidermis: A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)DNA, Plant: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.Selaginellaceae: A plant family of the order Selaginellales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta. Members contain bilobetin. The rarely used common name of resurrection plant is mainly used with CRATEROSTIGMA.Bryophyta: A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the classes: Andreaeopsida, BRYOPSIDA, and SPHAGNOPSIDA.Ferns: Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).Thinking: Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.Anthocerotophyta: A plant division that includes hornworts, named for the horn-like appearance of the spore-producing plant (sporophyte).Zea mays: A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.Salinity: Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.Water Loss, Insensible: Loss of water by diffusion through the skin and by evaporation from the respiratory tract.Osmotic Pressure: The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Seedling: Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Photosynthesis: The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)Metabolomics: The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.Metabolome: The dynamic collection of metabolites which represent a cell's or organism's net metabolic response to current conditions.Plant Transpiration: The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Salix: A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Members contain salicin, which yields SALICYLIC ACID.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Betula: A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.Flowers: The reproductive organs of plants.Organic Agriculture: Systems of agriculture which adhere to nationally regulated standards that restrict the use of pesticides, non-organic fertilizers, genetic engineering, growth hormones, irradiation, antibiotics, and non-organic ANIMAL FEED.Pollination: The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).Violaceae: A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.Botany: The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.Prussia: Former state in north central Germany. Formally abolished March 1, 1947. Kingdom established 1701.BooksPseudotsuga: A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees with long, flat, spirally arranged needles that grow directly from the branch.History, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.History, 17th Century: Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.Gene Expression Regulation, Plant: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.Arabidopsis: A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.MissouriSunlight: Irradiation directly from the sun.Pesticides: Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.Epidermis: The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Plant StomataPlants, Genetically ModifiedPlant LeavesSurgical StomasPlant ProteinsPlant RootsPeritoneal StomataGenes, PlantPlant ShootsPlant ExtractsPlants, MedicinalPlant EpidermisDNA, PlantSelaginellaceaeBryophytaFernsThinkingAnthocerotophytaZea maysSalinityWater Loss, InsensibleOsmotic PressureWaterSeedlingDroughtsPhotosynthesisMetabolomicsMetabolomePlant TranspirationSalixEncyclopedias as TopicBetulaFlowersOrganic AgriculturePollinationViolaceaeBotanyPrussiaBooksPseudotsugaHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyTranscription FactorsArabidopsis ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, PlantArabidopsisCell DifferentiationMissouriSunlightPesticidesEpidermis
DeciduousDeciduous
Plants that are intermediate may be called semi-deciduous; they lose old foliage as new growth begins.[9] Other plants are semi ... This then allows deciduous plants to have xylem vessels with larger diameters and therefore a greater rate of transpiration ( ... and hence CO2 uptake as this occurs when stomata are open) during the summer growth period. ... Srivastava, Lalit M. (2002). Plant growth and development. Hormones and environment. Amsterdam: Academic Press. p. 476. ISBN 0- ...
DeciduousDeciduous
Plants that are intermediate may be called semi-deciduous; they lose old foliage as new growth begins. Other plants are semi- ... This then allows deciduous plants to have xylem vessels with larger diameters and therefore a greater rate of transpiration ( ... and hence CO2 uptake as this occurs when stomata are open) during the summer growth period. The deciduous characteristic has ... In the spring, these proteins are used as a nitrogen source during the growth of new leaves or flowers. Plants with deciduous ...
Bacterial blight of cassavaBacterial blight of cassava
In areas where the disease is already prevalent, great care should be taken to ensure clippings are taken from healthy plants ... The favorable conditions described allow colonial growth and eventual swarm behavior to enter hydathodes, stomata, or wounds. ... Once one cassava plant is infected, the whole crop is put at risk to infection by rainsplash, contaminated cultivation tools, ... It normally enters its host plants through stomatal openings or hydathodes. Wounds to stems have also been noted as a means of ...
PinophytaPinophyta
They are gymnosperms, cone-bearing seed plants. All extant conifers are perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The great ... The stomata are in lines or patches on the leaves, and can be closed when it is very dry or cold. The leaves are often dark ... Plants with unusual growth habits, sizes, and colours are propagated and planted in parks and gardens throughout the world. ... In the great majority of genera the leaves are evergreen, usually remaining on the plant for several (2-40) years before ...
Flowering plantFlowering plant
The great angiosperm radiation, when a great diversity of angiosperms appears in the fossil record, occurred in the mid- ... An auxanometer, a device for measuring increase or rate of growth in plants ... Thus, species with smaller genomes can pack more, smaller cells-in particular veins and stomata-into a given leaf volume. ... Plants of the World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Vascular Plants *^ Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E. (2004). "The ...
EcohydrologyEcohydrology
Slight water deficits are normal and do not impair the functioning of the plant, while greater deficits disrupt normal plant ... Where there is ample water, as in rainforests, plant growth is more dependent on nutrient availability. However, in semi-arid ... including closing their stomata. This decrease in the canopy water flux and carbon dioxide flux can influence surrounding ... Henckel, P.A. (1964). "Physiology of plants under drought". Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 15: 363-386. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp. ...
ProteaceaeProteaceae
Brachy-paracytic stomata (laterocytic in Bellendena). Plant stems with two types of radii, wide and multi-serrated or narrow ... They are an adaptation to growth in poor, phosphorus-deficient soils, greatly increasing the plants' access to scarce water and ... The fossil record of some areas, such as New Zealand and Tasmania, show a greater biodiversity for Proteaceae than currently ... Weston, P.H. (2007). "Proteaceae". Kubitzki, K. (Editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IX. Flowering Plants - ...
Rhynie chertRhynie chert
... plants may have their vertical axes preserved in growth position, with rhizoids still attached to rhizomes; even the plant ... Stomata have been counted and lignin remnants detected in the plant material, and the breathing apparatus of trigonotarbids-of ... Plants demonstrate best the great value of the exceptional preservation of the Rhynie chert. The presence of soft tissue, ... Further, as plants are preserved in situ, the study of exactly how and why the branching patterns of the early plants emerged ...
Croton glandulosusCroton glandulosus
The leaves of the plant are whorled and they occur below the flowers. The greater and lesser surface of the leaf has small ... The stem of the plant has stellate trichomes or hairs, small glands and stomata on it. The stem is slender, corymbosely ... The tropic croton can also be confused with Sida spinosa in terms of its growth patterns and appearance but it's important to ... Tropic croton can be typically mixed up with the Eclipta prostrate plant because of its similar plant structure but in reality ...
Distichlis palmeriDistichlis palmeri
As a halophyte, the salt it absorbs is excreted from specialised cells (which are not stomata) on the leaf surface. The United ... A search for remaining plants was successful, and was followed by a breeding program that increased yield from 5kg/Ha to 2000kg ... US 4767889 A grain variety, Yensen 2a, of Distichlis palmeri, which are characterized by vigorous growth in salty soils, high ... "It is a strong candidate for a major global food crop and could become this desert's greatest gift to the world." Some ...
Selaginella apodaSelaginella apoda
While stomata can be found following the leaf margin on the lower surface of the plant's leaves, stomata on the upper surface ... apoda experience supplemental growth as the plant itself increases in height. This additional growth occurs in order to ensure ... While studies show that it can be located across U.S. States bordering the Gulf of Mexico, greater populations occur in the ... and the boron-treated plants experienced abortion in their strobili. In the growth stages of S. apoda, boron influences ...
Leptosphaeria maculansLeptosphaeria maculans
The ascospores enter through the stomata to infect the plant. Soon after the infection, gray lesions and black pycnidia form on ... EBIs are the best option for control of L. maculans as they inhibit the growth of conidia. Although fungicides such as EBIs are ... Resistance methods can also be used to great effect. Typically race specific Rlm genes are used for resistance (Rlm1-Rlm9) in ... It is suggested to have a 3-year crop rotation of canola and to plant non-host plants such as cereals in between these periods ...
PhotorespirationPhotorespiration
This allows CAM plants to reduce water loss (transpiration) by maintaining closed stomata during the day. CAM plants usually ... Reducing photorespiration may not result in increased growth rates for plants. Photorespiration may be necessary for the ... after the Great Oxygenation Event (2.4 billion years ago). Low CO 2 periods occurred around 750, 650, and 320-270 million years ... C4 plants include sugar cane, corn (maize), and sorghum. CAM plants, such as cacti and succulent plants, also use the enzyme ...
Subtropical climate vegetated roofSubtropical climate vegetated roof
High winds can scour the growth media where the plants are established. Scouring is the blowing of the particles in the growth ... A plant that uses the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) as an adaptation for arid conditions. CO2 entering the stomata during ... One of the greatest challenges to SCV roofs can be hurricanes. The strong hurricane winds can cause uplifting of the roofs. ... prolonged heat lead to decreased plant health on CAM plants that are standard in green roof design. The decreased plant health ...
Ascochyta tardaAscochyta tarda
The primary infection of plants is by airborne ascospores that enter the coffee leaves via the stomata. Primary infection ... The optimal temperature for production of conidia, germination of conidia and growth of mycelia is 25 C for this pathogen. ( ... the prevalence of phoma leaf spot during its period of greatest risk will decrease in future decades because of climate change ... Nature: Plants, 3, 17081 Stewart R.B. (1957). "Leaf blight and stem dieback of coffee caused by an undescribed species of ...
Climate change in SaskatchewanClimate change in Saskatchewan
... rising concentrations have the potential to enhance the productivity of agro ecosystems by plants producing fewer stomata, ... "Sustainability of the Great Plains in an Uncertain Climate."[permanent dead link] Great Plains Research Vol. 1 No. 1, ... Increased temperature could have a positive effect on the growth of pastures and provide better feed for livestock, assuming ... One such trend is advanced flowering in early-season plants and delayed flowering in late-season plants, leading to increased ...
Abies concolorAbies concolor
This old growth tree is native to the mountains of western North America from the southern Cascade range in Oregon, south ... RHS Plant Selector Abies concolor 'Compacta' AGM / RHS Gardening Chase, J. Smeaton (1911). Cone-bearing Trees of the California ... and only weakly glaucous on the upper side with few or no stomata. Tolerates winter temperatures down to about −30 °C (−22 °F ... and on the higher Great Basin mountains of Nevada and extreme southeastern California, and a short distance into northern ...
Soybean rustSoybean rust
It causes lesions on the leaves of soybean plants and eventually kills the plants. The disease has caused serious yield loss of ... Windblown spores can travel for great distances and are released in cycles of seven days to two weeks. It is likely that ASR ... Continuous period of wetness on leaves will help the growth of this disease since this situation is required for spores to ... When appressoria form over stomata, the hyphae penetrate one of the guard cells rather than entering the leaf through the ...
Foliar feedingFoliar feeding
Transport is usually faster through the stomata, but total absorption may be as great through the epidermis. Plants are also ... Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Zahoor Ahmad, Rashid Ahmad, Saifullah & M. Y. Ashraf (2015) 'Foliar Applied Phosphorus Enhanced Growth, ... Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their leaves. The absorption takes place through their stomata and also ... Where Does Foliar Fertilization Fit In?, Plant Nutrition TODAY, International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), Spring 2008, No ...
LeafLeaf
... it needs to be transported to areas of active growth such as the plant shoots and roots. Vascular plants transport sucrose in a ... In any square centimeter of a plant leaf there may be from 1,000 to 100,000 stomata. The shape and structure of leaves vary ... Of these, angiosperms have the greatest diversity. Within these the major veins function as the support and distribution ... Other plant parts like stems or roots have non-determinate growth, and will usually continue to grow as long as they have the ...
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestrisXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Bacteria present in plant debris can serve as a source of secondary inoculum. Warm and wet conditions favor plant infection by ... The optimum temperature range for bacterial growth and host symptom development is between 25° to 30 °C . A slower rate of ... However, in developing countries such as those in South and Eastern Africa, black rot remains the greatest impediment to ... Occasionally, infections occur through stomata. Hydathodes provide the pathogen a direct path from the leaf margins to the ...
DesertDesert
Some desert plants produce seed which lies dormant in the soil until sparked into growth by rainfall. When annuals, such plants ... Some plants have resolved this problem by adopting crassulacean acid metabolism, allowing them to open their stomata during the ... The Great Man-Made River is a scheme launched by Libya's Colonel Gadaffi to tap this aquifer and supply water to coastal cities ... It has been found that plant growth-promoting bacteria play a role in increasing the resistance of plants to stress conditions ...
Urban forestUrban forest
Some species of trees are more susceptible to the uptake of pollution, which can negatively affect plant growth. Ideally, trees ... Leaf stomata, the pores on the leaf surface, take in polluting gases which are then absorbed by water inside the leaf. ... Large healthy trees greater than 75 cm in trunk diameter remove approximately 70 times more air pollution annually (1.4 kg/yr) ... One of the most obvious examples of economic utility is the example of the deciduous tree planted on the south and west of a ...
Clavibacter michiganensisClavibacter michiganensis
The risk of spreading the bacteria to healthy tomato plants is greatest during transplanting, tying, and suckering or any time ... They occur when the bacteria multiply on the epidermis of the host, enter through stomata, or enter through a very shallow ... curled growth. One way to diagnose a severe vascular infection is to pinch the stem. If the epidermis and outer layer of the ... If infection occurs at a late stage of plant development, plants are able to survive and generate fruits. However,the plant may ...
History of botanyHistory of botany
His second book Causes of Plants covers plant growth and reproduction (akin to modern physiology). Like Aristotle he grouped ... By 1850 an invigorated organic chemistry had revealed the structure of many plant constituents. Although the great era of plant ... This work included the discovery and naming of parenchyma and stomata. In plant physiology research interest was focused on the ... those with monopodial growth), pratanavati (creeping plants), amsumati (with many stalks), and kandini (plants with knotty ...
LeafLeaf
... it needs to be transported to areas of active growth such as the plant shoots and roots. Vascular plants transport sucrose in a ... In any square centimeter of a plant leaf, there may be from 1,000 to 100,000 stomata.[15] ... One leaf, branch, or flower part attaches at each point or node on the stem, and leaves alternate direction, to a greater or ... Other plant parts like stems or roots have non-determinate growth, and will usually continue to grow as long as they have the ...
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Plant StomataPlants, Genetically ModifiedPlant LeavesSurgical StomasPlant ProteinsPlant RootsPeritoneal StomataGenes, PlantPlant ShootsPlant ExtractsPlants, MedicinalPlant EpidermisDNA, PlantSelaginellaceaeBryophytaFernsThinkingAnthocerotophytaZea maysSalinityWater Loss, InsensibleOsmotic PressureWaterSeedlingDroughtsPhotosynthesisMetabolomicsMetabolomePlant TranspirationSalixEncyclopedias as TopicBetulaFlowersOrganic AgriculturePollinationViolaceaeBotanyPrussiaBooksPseudotsugaHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyTranscription FactorsArabidopsis ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, PlantArabidopsisCell DifferentiationMissouriSunlightPesticidesEpidermis
BIO 10 The Vascular Plants - 2009 BIO153 Lecture 10 The Vascular Plants Origin of the vascular plants current thinking(2006...BIO 10 The Vascular Plants - 2009 BIO153 Lecture 10 The Vascular Plants Origin of the vascular plants current thinking(2006...
2009 BIO153: Lecture 10 The Vascular Plants February 11, 2009 Origin of the vascular plants: current thinking ... BIO 10 The Vascular Plants from BIOLOGY BIO153 at University of Toronto. ... Beautiful! Fossils from the Rhynie Chert: • vascular tissue with lignin (strong material that permits greater growth) • stomata ... However, its hard to grow tall when you grow only via apical meristem (new cell growth only at the tips of the plant). Palm ...
coursehero.com
Overexpression of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes light-induced stomatal opening and enhances plant growth |...Overexpression of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in guard cells promotes light-induced stomatal opening and enhances plant growth |...
... greater than those of the wild type. In addition, stomata in the transgenic plants closed normally in response to darkness and ... 1). Thus, we examined stomatal phenotype and plant growth in the transgenic plants, which exhibited a constitutive open stomata ... did not show enhanced plant growth (Fig. S7). In addition, the stomata of FT-transgenic plants (GC1::FT-GFP), which have a ... and plant growth. The transgenic plants produced larger and increased numbers of rosette leaves, with ∼42-63% greater fresh and ...
pnas.org
Frontiers | Impaired Stomatal Control Is Associated with Reduced Photosynthetic Physiology in Crop Species Grown at Elevated ...Frontiers | Impaired Stomatal Control Is Associated with Reduced Photosynthetic Physiology in Crop Species Grown at Elevated ...
The sensitivity of stomata to [CO2] declined with the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate limited rate of PN at elevated [CO2]. The ... This study indicates that while elevated [CO2] may improve the WUE of crops under normal growth conditions, impaired stomatal ... will result in a stimulation of PN and reduction of Gs in many plants, enhancing carbon gain while reducing water-loss. It has ... The sensitivity of stomata to [CO2] declined with the rib... ... Growth at elevated [CO2] did not affect the performance of ...
frontiersin.org
Selection of Maize Genotypes with Tolerance to Osmotic Stress Associated with SalinitySelection of Maize Genotypes with Tolerance to Osmotic Stress Associated with Salinity
The morphological traits of growth were leaf growth (Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 and Ar4), dry masses of shoot and root (SDM and RDM, ... stress reduces immediately the expansion of the roots and young leaves which determine a reduction in the size of the plant. A ... to the closure of the stomata. Besides, it reduces the ability of the plant to use water, which causes a decrease in the rate ... LP3 genotype showed a good rate of growth in the first measurements however it was that had greater loss of growth in the last ...
scirp.org
Frontiers | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies Disclose Key Metabolism Pathways Contributing to Well-maintained...Frontiers | Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies Disclose Key Metabolism Pathways Contributing to Well-maintained...
2015). Drought induces distinct growth response, protection, and recovery mechanisms in the maize leaf growth zone. Plant ... Plants have various acclimation responses that enable survival under drought. These acclimation responses include stomata ... Drought-tolerance plays an important role during the later stage of drought and has great potential to enhance drought- ... A plant with improved drought-avoidance might utilize more water via a well-developed root system, while a plant with improved ...
frontiersin.org
Effects of Root Cooling on Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Cocktail Tomato during Two Consecutive SeasonsEffects of Root Cooling on Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Cocktail Tomato during Two Consecutive Seasons
Here, we assess the impact of root cooling on plant growth and fruit quality of two cocktail tomato cultivars (,i,Lycopersicon ... Understanding the effects of root temperature on plant growth and key food components of horticultural crops under greenhouse ... However, in 2018 summer, plant growth presented greater changes with longer and slender shoot as a result of treatment. Because ... Reduction in water uptake leads to the stomata closure in order to maintain positive turgor pressure within the plant. The ...
hindawi.com
Deciduous - WikipediaDeciduous - Wikipedia
Plants that are intermediate may be called semi-deciduous; they lose old foliage as new growth begins.[9] Other plants are semi ... This then allows deciduous plants to have xylem vessels with larger diameters and therefore a greater rate of transpiration ( ... and hence CO2 uptake as this occurs when stomata are open) during the summer growth period. ... Srivastava, Lalit M. (2002). Plant growth and development. Hormones and environment. Amsterdam: Academic Press. p. 476. ISBN 0- ...
en.wikipedia.org
History of botany (1530-1860)/Book 2/Chapter 3 - Wikisource, the free online libraryHistory of botany (1530-1860)/Book 2/Chapter 3 - Wikisource, the free online library
Rudolphi considers the great cavities in hollow stems and in the tissue of water-plants as the only air-passages in plants; ... In the stomata, to which he gave the name still in use, Sprengel like Grew, Gleichen, and Hedwig, saw a circular cushion ... With all these contradictions, the two essays agree in adopting the old Malpighian view of the growth in thickness of stems, ... in the other a complete exposition of the inner architecture of the mature plant. But in spite of this great difference between ...
en.wikisource.org
Columbus Lowered World Temperature - Marginal REVOLUTIONColumbus Lowered World Temperature - Marginal REVOLUTION
Higher levels of CO2 promote photosynthesis, while also providing greater resistance to drought (leaf stomata dont have to ... The resulting increase in plant growth is going to increase the overall amount of life. ... there are plenty of places now warmer than France with healthy plant growth. ... The Great Dying of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas resulted in a human-driven global impact on the Earth System in the ...
marginalrevolution.com
Plants | Free Full-Text | The Leaf Adaxial-Abaxial Boundary and Lamina Growth | HTMLPlants | Free Full-Text | The Leaf Adaxial-Abaxial Boundary and Lamina Growth | HTML
Plant leaves have two different cell populations, the adaxial (or upper) and abaxial (or lower) cell populations, and the ... Among many lamina-growth regulators identified by recent genetic analyses, it has been revealed that the phytohormone, auxin, ... on the role of the adaxial-abaxial boundary in preventing the mixing of the adaxial and abaxial features during lamina growth. ... boundary is considered to be important for lamina growth. At the boundary between the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, ...
mdpi.com
Seasonal characterization of antioxidant responses in plants of Ipomoea nil cv. Scarlet OHaraSeasonal characterization of antioxidant responses in plants of Ipomoea nil cv. Scarlet O'Hara
... regulate the stomata movement. The authors could similarly attribute the varying antioxidant responses to greater or minor ... The leaf AA concentration remained almost constant during plant growth in the autumn campaign. The winter campaign was ... Photoprotection in plants: a new light on photosystem II damage. Trends in Plant Science, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 53-60. PMid: ... Plant Physiology, vol. 10, p. 241-254. [ Links ]. FOYER, CH. and NOCTOR, G., 2005. Oxidant and antioxidant signalling in plants ...
scielo.br
Unit 9 ReadingUnit 9 Reading
If there is a greater concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, then plants can get a good dose of CO2 by opening their stomata ... The more CO2 they let in, the faster the rate of photosynthesis and the faster the growth - but if plants open their stomata ... Plants take in CO2 through small openings (about 10 microns in diameter) in their leaves called stomata, which they can control ... The importance of water in plant growth is obvious from looking at the equation above. The fact that photosynthesis depends on ...
serc.carleton.edu
Bacterial blight of cassava - WikipediaBacterial blight of cassava - Wikipedia
In areas where the disease is already prevalent, great care should be taken to ensure clippings are taken from healthy plants ... The favorable conditions described allow colonial growth and eventual swarm behavior to enter hydathodes, stomata, or wounds. ... Once one cassava plant is infected, the whole crop is put at risk to infection by rainsplash, contaminated cultivation tools, ... It normally enters its host plants through stomatal openings or hydathodes. Wounds to stems have also been noted as a means of ...
en.wikipedia.org
Deciduous - WikipediaDeciduous - Wikipedia
Plants that are intermediate may be called semi-deciduous; they lose old foliage as new growth begins. Other plants are semi- ... This then allows deciduous plants to have xylem vessels with larger diameters and therefore a greater rate of transpiration ( ... and hence CO2 uptake as this occurs when stomata are open) during the summer growth period. The deciduous characteristic has ... In the spring, these proteins are used as a nitrogen source during the growth of new leaves or flowers. Plants with deciduous ...
en.wikipedia.org
Environmental Factors Affecting Plant Growth | OSU Extension ServiceEnvironmental Factors Affecting Plant Growth | OSU Extension Service
Environmental factors that affect plant growth include light, temperature, water, humidity, and nutrition. ... Either directly or indirectly, most plant problems are caused by environmental stress. ... Plant growth and geographic distribution are greatly affected by the environment. ... Blue and red light, which plants absorb, have the greatest effect on plant growth. Blue light is responsible primarily for ...
extension.oregonstate.edu
Sensing The Rise of Vertical FarmingSensing The Rise of Vertical Farming
The difference between plant and air temperature, for example, can tell us whether the leaves stomata are open. If theyre ... As the plants growth is not dependent on sunlight or affected by meteorological conditions, production can continue at the ... Did you enjoy this great article?. Check out our free e-newsletters to read more great articles.. ... We can also measure the light level and spectrum as perceived by the plants and the pH of irrigation water for optimal growth. ...
automation.com
MG2 Plants and Their Environment | University of Missouri ExtensionMG2 Plants and Their Environment | University of Missouri Extension
Red and blue light have the greatest effect on plant growth because they are the two wavelengths of light most important to the ... On the surface of leaves are the stomata. Some plants have stomata on both surfaces; others have them only on the lower surface ... Plant structure. Figure 1. Plant cell.. The plant cell. The plant cell is the basic organizational unit of plants (Figure 1). ... Plant identification using plant keys. Plant keys. For successful use of dichotomous either-or plant keys, a working ...
muextension.missouri.edu
Location and Survival of Leaf-Associated Bacteria in Relation to Pathogenicity and Potential for Growth within the Leaf |...Location and Survival of Leaf-Associated Bacteria in Relation to Pathogenicity and Potential for Growth within the Leaf |...
... in the phyllosphere are greater on compatible host plants than on incompatible or nonhost plants. These studies suggested that ... and stomata (36) were shielded from UV irradiation but were exposed to H2O2. The reduction in the total leaf-associated ... The plants were then placed in a growth chamber at low (45%) RH. The population sizes of the pathogenic strains P. syringae ... Each treatment was replicated with five pots of plants (10 plants per pot). After inoculation, the bean plants were either ...
aem.asm.org
Grasses: The Secrets Behind Their SuccessGrasses: The Secrets Behind Their Success
Typical plants have two kidney-shaped guard cells in their leaves that swell to create pores, called stomata. The stomata ... Subsidiary cells, unique to grasses, have been linked to improved growth. These cells allow a greater range of pore size and ... grass stomata, Joint Genome Institute, JGI, Plants, Genetic Advantage, Biofuels, Bio Fuels, FUEL, Crops, crop development, ... All Journal News, Cell Biology, Environmental Science, Genetics, Plants, DOE Science News, Local - DC, Local - DC Metro ...
newswise.com
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
A plant is going to have a stomata, and its surrounded by guard cells. So, basically, when a plant opens up its stomata, ... So, the great thing about a CAM plant is, again, theyre only taking in carbon dioxide at night when its cool. And then during ... The more they let in, the faster the rate of photosynthesis and the faster the growth - but if they open their stomata wide to ... And so, as a result of that, plants, and we call almost all plants C3 plants, and the reason we call them C3 plants is this G3P ...
e-education.psu.edu
Why Plants Lose Water | Garden GuidesWhy Plants Lose Water | Garden Guides
Each cell contains up to 90 percent water, which plants absorb from the soil. Transport of minerals, movement of sugars, plant ... Inside those green leafy specimens that we call plants lies a vast sea of water. ... Transpiration is the evaporative loss of water vapor from plant leaves through tiny openings called stomata. Stomata allow for ... Keeping your plants well-watered is important for their overall health and growth. While the average gardener does not have ...
gardenguides.com
What is the meaning of 400 ppm (0.04%) atmospheric CO2? | Page 1 | Naked Science ForumWhat is the meaning of 400 ppm (0.04%) atmospheric CO2? | Page 1 | Naked Science Forum
The higher the CO2 concentration outside the leaf, the greater the uptake of CO2 by the plant. Light levels, leaf and ambient ... These sugars are then used for growth within the plant, through respiration. The difference between the rate of photosynthesis ... Carbon dioxide enters into the plant through the stomatal openings by the process of diffusion. Stomata are specialized cells ... The benefits of carbon dioxide supplementation on plant growth and production within the greenhouse environment have been well ...
thenakedscientists.com
co2 changeco2 change
... for plant growth, but the throttling of the stomata lessens the loss of water vapour from within the leaves (2). Thus, either a ... The greatest enhancement of growth of tree seedlings in New England (US) occurred when doubled CO2 was accompanied by low light ... on plant growth, especially in mid- and high-latitude regions.. *In a CO2-enriched atmosphere plants appear to be more ... Litter production would be larger because of the enhanced plant growth, and then its decomposition would be inhibited by the ...
www-das.uwyo.edu
Silicon Improves Maize Photosynthesis in Saline-Alkaline SoilsSilicon Improves Maize Photosynthesis in Saline-Alkaline Soils
... which is helpful to improve growth and yield of maize. ... photosynthetic efficiency of maize in different growth stages ... Salt-stressed plants supplied with Si showed values of WUE 17% greater than those of salinized plants which were not supplied ... is that the stomata opening can be influenced by Si [32]. ... "Silicon and plant growth," Annual Review of Plant Physiology, ... silicon is reported to improve the growth of many kinds of higher plants [16]. Silicon can improve the growth of plants under ...
hindawi.com
The Effects of Pollutants on Plant Structure | Chron.comThe Effects of Pollutants on Plant Structure | Chron.com
The causes can be outright, such as the emissions from a coal-burning power plant. Other times, the source may be hard to ... Stomata Damage. Stomata are the tiny pores found on leaves. Their function is to act as sites of gas exchange between the plant ... The result is an overall slowing of plant growth from a lack of nutrients. Aluminum and other heavy metals can further impact ... Because of the concentration of emissions, plants in urban environments were identified to be at the greatest risk. ...
smallbusiness.chron.com
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Plant StomataPlants, Genetically ModifiedPlant LeavesSurgical StomasPlant ProteinsPlant RootsPeritoneal StomataGenes, PlantPlant ShootsPlant ExtractsPlants, MedicinalPlant EpidermisDNA, PlantSelaginellaceaeBryophytaFernsThinkingAnthocerotophytaZea maysSalinityWater Loss, InsensibleOsmotic PressureWaterSeedlingDroughtsPhotosynthesisMetabolomicsMetabolomePlant TranspirationSalixEncyclopedias as TopicBetulaFlowersOrganic AgriculturePollinationViolaceaeBotanyPrussiaBooksPseudotsugaHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 17th CenturyTranscription FactorsArabidopsis ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, PlantArabidopsisCell DifferentiationMissouriSunlightPesticidesEpidermis
PoresTranspirationDroughtUptakeSize of the stomataBiomassPhysiologicalResponsesLead to stomataPhysiologyTransgenicStemsMorphologicalCropsAtmosphereNegativelyRegulateStomatal apertureImpactsArabidopsisCultivarsHydathodesOpeningsAtmosphericDensityGrownClosureMetabolismSeedlingsEpidermalAbioticPathwayStressesProductivityOsmoticEntersBiologyRegulatesYieldImportantNitrogenConcentrationsPhotosynthesis and plant growthApertureSurvivalVegetativeApicalOxygenSurfacesMaizeOrganismsReductionControl
Pores23
Transpiration22
Drought58
Uptake12
Size of the stomata2
Biomass9
Physiological15
Responses13
Lead to stomata1
Physiology4
  • Many studies on guard cell physiology have been conducted with fava bean ( Vicia faba ) or Commelina communis because of the ease with which the epidermis of these plants can be stripped from the mesophyll tissue. (plantphysiol.org)
  • In reflecting on the past and present climatic challenges for grain farmers in Australia, students investigate the relationship between weather, plant growth and development, grain production and the internal physiology of plants. (grdc.com.au)
  • In its current iteration, it includes some cell biology, some animal physiology and some plant biology. (bio.net)
  • Unless students take an upper level plant physiology or development class, this is the only exposure they get to plants. (bio.net)
Transgenic14
Stems4
  • Plants that die back to the ground each winter and have new stems that grow from the roots each spring. (missouri.edu)
  • Relative to all other tree-age classes, seedlings exhibited greater tissue carbohydrate concentration in stems and foliage, and greater shifts in the time at which maximum and minimum carbohydrate concentration occurred. (usda.gov)
  • Plant stems provide such spices as ginger and cinnamon. (britannica.com)
  • More than 4,500 years ago, the ancient Egyptians prepared the first paper from the fibrous stems of papyrus , a grasslike plant. (britannica.com)
Morphological4
Crops4
Atmosphere8
  • However, if there is a greater concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere, then the plants will get a good dose of CO 2 by opening their stomata just a little bit, allowing them to conserve water. (psu.edu)
  • We call this effect CO 2 fertilization , and it is an important way in which plants are our friends in helping to minimize the rise of CO 2 in the atmosphere. (psu.edu)
  • In a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere plants appear to be more susceptible to frost damage (3). (uwyo.edu)
  • Their function is to act as sites of gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. (chron.com)
  • The team has made significant progress in understanding the complex interactions between plants and the atmosphere," says Anne-Marie Schmoltner of NSF's Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences. (enn.com)
  • The compounds form in abundance in the atmosphere from hydrocarbons and other chemicals that are emitted from both natural sources--including plants--and sources related to human activities, including vehicles and construction materials. (enn.com)
  • The extra water molecules which are derived in photosynthesis are reused by the plant or transpired into the atmosphere. (sacriver.org)
  • At the tissue and whole-plant levels, by contrast, attention has been drawn to inputs closely tied to photosynthesis, including transpirational water loss ( E ) driven by the vapor pressure difference (VPD) between the atmosphere and the intercellular space of the leaf. (plantcell.org)
Negatively1
Regulate4
Stomatal aperture5
Impacts5
  • Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492. (marginalrevolution.com)
  • Exposure to vehicle exhaust impacts plant structure by delaying the flowering of exposed plants, as reported in a study published in the journal "Environmental Pollution. (chron.com)
  • Environmental impacts can refer to loss of timber and wildlife habitat, or to stresses to and diseases in plants, wildlife, and ecosystems as a whole. (aces.edu)
  • Plants in both natural and cultivated populations carry inherent disease resistance, but there are numerous examples of devastating plant disease impacts such as Irish potato famine and chestnut blight , as well as recurrent severe plant diseases like rice blast , soybean cyst nematode , and citrus canker . (wikipedia.org)
  • The pollution impacts human, plants and animal life and different ecosystem processes. (springer.com)
Arabidopsis1
  • The discovery of the ozone-responsive plant gene was made when Jaakko Kangasjarvi and his collaborators at the University of Helsinki in Finland found a mutant form of the common mustard plant, Arabidopsis , that was extremely sensitive to ozone. (ucsd.edu)
Cultivars3
  • Here, we assess the impact of root cooling on plant growth and fruit quality of two cocktail tomato cultivars ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv "Amoroso" and cv "Delioso") during the winter of 2017-2018 and the summer of 2018. (hindawi.com)
  • Reductions of marketable yield per plant (7.9-20.9%) in both cultivars were observed in response to root cooling in winter, but not significantly in summer. (hindawi.com)
  • Greatest losses have been experienced in areas of high rainfall where susceptible cultivars have been grown (8). (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
Hydathodes2
Openings1
  • Plants take in their CO 2 through small openings about 10 microns in diameter called stomata, which the plant can control like valves, opening and closing to adjust the rate of transfer. (psu.edu)
Atmospheric4
  • The response of adaxial and abaxial stomatal conductance in Rumex obtusifolius to growth at elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 (250 μmol mol−1 above ambient) was investigated over two growing seasons. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Within this location, they are far taken out of the stomata that could offer atmospheric CO2. (campchof.org)
  • Now, suddenly, Mr. Sirota has become aware of this amazing new report which, in the shadow of a nigh-impossible atmospheric CO₂ measurement of currently unknown origin which clearly shows the ecosystem has been broken, gives us the hope of avoiding planetary incineration by switching to great-tasting better-for-us non-animal foods. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Plants were subjected to four levels of water availability equivalent to 20% (T1), 15% (T2), 10% (T3), and 5% (T4) of the atmospheric evaporative demand. (conicyt.cl)
Density3
Grown4
  • Plants were grown hydroponically on rockwool under different root temperatures (16-27°C and 10°C) from the 2nd inflorescence to harvest inside the greenhouse. (hindawi.com)
  • Gas exchange parameters and stomatal physical properties were measured in Tradescantia virginiana plants grown under well-watered conditions and treated daily with either distilled water (control) or 3.0 m m abscisic acid (ABA). (plantphysiol.org)
  • Not only have the plants grown faster through the vegetative phase, but they have also produced more during the fruiting and flowering stages. (horticulturesource.com)
  • Here, we show that the primary metabolite profile of srk2d srk2e srk2i grown under nonstress conditions was considerably different from that of wild-type plants. (plantcell.org)
Closure2
Metabolism2
  • To solve this issue, new methods are needed to detect diseases and pests early, such as novel sensors that detect plant odours and spectroscopy and biophotonics that are able to diagnose plant health and metabolism . (wikipedia.org)
  • These results, together with transcriptome data, indicate that the SnRK2s involved in ABA signaling modulate metabolism and leaf growth under nonstress conditions by fine-tuning flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (plantcell.org)
Seedlings2
  • It encourages leafy growth and is excellent for starting seedlings. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Using computer-assisted electronic image capture, however, Parks and co-authors [ 7 ] demonstrated that in cry1 seedlings hypocotyl growth inhibition begins to develop within approximately 30 sec of BL irradiation and reaches the same maximum level displayed by wild-type seedlings after approximately 30 min of BL treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Epidermal4
Abiotic3
Pathway1
Stresses1
  • This work gives us a clearer picture of how plants respond to these kinds of stresses and could lead to new ways to increase their resistance. (ucsd.edu)
Productivity1
Osmotic2
  • Initially, plant growth, RWC and the water potentiel (Ñ°w) were decreased with increase of osmotic stress. (pakbs.org)
  • Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone that regulates a diverse range of cellular and molecular processes during development and in response to osmotic stress. (plantcell.org)
Enters1
Biology9
  • Because of their demonstrated ability to process so many signals, and because of their vital role in plant function, guard cells have become a premier model system in modern plant cell biology. (plantphysiol.org)
  • The corn photosynthesis findings are being exhibited by Andrew Leakey, a Fulbright scholar from Scotland who is conducting research in the SoyFACE fields with Long and with Carl Bernacchi and Donald Ort, both professors of plant biology at Illinois and scientists with the USDA/Agricultural Research Service. (innovations-report.com)
  • Stoma Biology - What Is It? (campchof.org)
  • http://wineserver.ucdavis.edu/VEN11.HTML ) Also you might note that ASPP has recently developed '12 Principles of Plant Biology' which may be helpful in designing course material. (bio.net)
  • I also need to try to show them that plant biology is a lot more exciting than they think. (bio.net)
  • Since this is a very basic course, and plants are only a small part of the course anyway, I use their Introductory Biology textbook. (bio.net)
  • The book we use 'Life: the science of biology' by Purves, Orians and Heller, is very good in the plant chapters (Bill Purves is a plant physiologist). (bio.net)
  • It is challenging to figure out the specific function of individual PYL proteins," said Jian-Kang Zhu , distinguished professor of plant biology and the study's principal investigator. (purdue.edu)
  • This class dominated estranged from a array triggered through the Science and Plants for Schools( SAPS) biology. (concertonetworks.com)
Regulates1
Yield8
Important14
Nitrogen6
  • Heavy applications of nitrogen predispose susceptible plants to attack by the sheath blight organism. (metos.at)
  • Grow Spray is designed to help a plant during the vegetative stage and is formulated high in nitrogen, providing an essential element in the growth of a plant. (horticulturesource.com)
  • One possible exception to this is ecosystems that are nitrogen deficient and can experience a period of greater growth when exposed to nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and its acid rain derivatives. (canada.ca)
  • More often, however, plant growth is limited by elements such as phosphorous, as opposed to nitrogen. (canada.ca)
  • Nutrition is fun for them as they are intrigued by symbiotic nitrogen fixation and of course carnivorous plants. (bio.net)
  • Application of fertilizers substantially increases sunflower growth and yields, however, additions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) need to be optimized. (scirp.org)
Concentrations3
Photosynthesis and plant growth1
Aperture2
  • showed mathematically that the smaller stomata that develop in water-stressed plants are likely to be mechanically different from those in well-watered plants and may achieve greater increases in aperture for a given change of guard cell turgor under certain conditions. (plantphysiol.org)
  • Pairs of guard cells surround each stoma, regulating the aperture to balance the often conflicting demands for CO 2 and for water conservation. (plantcell.org)
Survival1
Vegetative4
Apical3
  • However, it's hard to grow tall when you grow only via apical meristem (new cell growth only at the tips of the plant). (coursehero.com)
  • What may unite mosses with higher plants is (a) the presence of stomata to control water loss and (b) meristem apical growth) in the sporophyte generation. (palaeos.com)
  • The formative stages of gametangial development are similar in the three bryophyte groups, with the exception that in mosses apical growth is intercalated into early organogenesis, a feature echoed in moss sporophyte ontogeny. (mysciencework.com)
Oxygen1
Surfaces3
Maize2
Organisms6
Reduction3
  • Nevertheless, there is much less branch and trunk breakage from glaze ice storms when leafless, and plants can reduce water loss due to the reduction in availability of liquid water during cold winter days. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elevated CO2 caused a much greater reduction in conductance for the adaxial surface than for the abaxial surface. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Upon exposure to blue light (BL), reduction of hypocotyl growth rate occurs in two phases: a rapid inhibition mediated by phototropin 1 (PHOT1) within the first 30-40 min of illumination, followed by the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1)-controlled establishment of the steady-state growth rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Control7
  • They are solid and, because a stoma has no muscle to control defecation, will need to be collected using a stoma pouch. (campchof.org)
  • application of techniques to control the growth and harvesting of animal and vegetable products. (enacademic.com)
  • The means of plant height, area coverage and number of sucker on semicircular bund with mulch and negarim micro catchment with mulch were better than the structures without mulch and control. (academicjournals.org)
  • Plants control water gain and loss by opening and closing their stomata. (ostatic.com)
  • Control of plant diseases is crucial to the reliable production of food, and it provides significant problems in agricultural use of land, water, fuel and other inputs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Continuing advances in the science of plant pathology are needed to improve disease control, and to keep up with changes in disease pressure caused by the ongoing evolution and movement of plant pathogens and by changes in agricultural practices. (wikipedia.org)
  • What researchers have found is that by applying less water than the vines are losing to ET between fruit set and veraison, you can control the vine growth and vigor, increase the exposure of the fruit and reduce the berry size. (rexhill.com)