Nanostructures: Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.Graphite: An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.Carbon: A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.Nanotechnology: The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.Transistors, Electronic: Electrical devices that are composed of semiconductor material, with at least three connections to an external electronic circuit. They are used to amplify electrical signals, detect signals, or as switches.Surface Properties: Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.Nanotubes, Carbon: Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.Nanowires: Nanometer-scale wires made of materials that conduct electricity. They can be coated with molecules such as antibodies that will bind to proteins and other substances.Glass: Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.Nanotubes: Nanometer-sized tubes composed of various substances including carbon (CARBON NANOTUBES), boron nitride, or nickel vanadate.beta-Keratins: Keratins that form into a beta-pleated sheet structure. They are principle constituents of the corneous material of the carapace and plastron of turtles, the epidermis of snakes and the feathers of birds.Metal Nanoparticles: Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.Electronics: The study, control, and application of the conduction of ELECTRICITY through gases or vacuum, or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Oxides: Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.Materials Testing: The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Optical Phenomena: LIGHT, it's processes and properties, and the characteristics of materials interacting with it.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.Models, Chemical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Odors: The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Semiconductors: Materials that have a limited and usually variable electrical conductivity. They are particularly useful for the production of solid-state electronic devices.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Microscopy, Electron, Transmission: Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.Nanocomposites: Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed)Taste: The ability to detect chemicals through gustatory receptors in the mouth, including those on the TONGUE; the PALATE; the PHARYNX; and the EPIGLOTTIS.Silver: Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.Nanospheres: Spherical particles of nanometer dimensions.Microscopy, Atomic Force: A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. These deflections produce a topographic map of the sample.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Chemical EngineeringCarcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.Nanoparticles: Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.Biosensing Techniques: Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).Photoelectron Spectroscopy: The study of the energy of electrons ejected from matter by the photoelectric effect, i.e., as a direct result of absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation. As the energies of the electrons are characteristic of a specific element, the measurement of the energy of these electrons is a technique used to determine the chemical composition of surfaces.Nanomedicine: The branch of medicine concerned with the application of NANOTECHNOLOGY to the prevention and treatment of disease. It involves the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and NANOSTRUCTURES. (From Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol 1, 1999).Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].Green Chemistry Technology: Pollution prevention through the design of effective chemical products that have low or no toxicity and use of chemical processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Conductometry: Determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the electrical conductivity of the mixture. (Webster, 3d ed)Biomimetic Materials: Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological systems.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Ligands: A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Crystallization: The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Molecular Imprinting: A methodology for chemically synthesizing polymer molds of specific molecules or recognition sites of specific molecules. Applications for molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) include separations, assays and biosensors, and catalysis.Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Spectrum Analysis, Raman: Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.Feathers: Flat keratinous structures found on the skin surface of birds. Feathers are made partly of a hollow shaft fringed with barbs. They constitute the plumage.Mass Spectrometry: An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.Biomimetics: An interdisciplinary field in materials science, ENGINEERING, and BIOLOGY, studying the use of biological principles for synthesis or fabrication of BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS.Equipment Failure Analysis: The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Porosity: Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Polymers: Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).Quantum Dots: Nanometer sized fragments of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.Electrodes: Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.Magnets: Objects that produce a magnetic field.Electrochemical Techniques: The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues.Solar Energy: Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.Electrochemistry: The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.Electric Capacitance: The ability of a substrate to retain an electrical charge.Molecular Conformation: The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Fireflies: The family Lampyidae, which are bioluminescent BEETLES. They contain FIREFLY LUCIFERIN and LUCIFERASES. Oxidation of firefly luciferin results in luminescence.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Biocompatible Materials: Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.Nanopores: Small holes of nanometer dimensions in a membrane, that can be used as single molecule detectors. The pores can be biological or synthetic.Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.Adsorption: The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.Carbon Isotopes: Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.Nanofibers: Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Drug Carriers: Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.Gases: The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)X-Ray Diffraction: The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Electromagnetic Phenomena: Characteristics of ELECTRICITY and magnetism such as charged particles and the properties and behavior of charged particles, and other phenomena related to or associated with electromagnetism.Silicon Dioxide: Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.Electric Power Supplies: Devices that control the supply of electric current for running electrical equipment.Surface Plasmon Resonance: A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.Phonons: Quanta of acoustic energy which move at the speed of sound.Scattering, Small Angle: Scattering of a beam of electromagnetic or acoustic RADIATION, or particles, at small angles by particles or cavities whose dimensions are many times as large as the wavelength of the radiation or the de Broglie wavelength of the scattered particles. Also know as low angle scattering. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Small angle scattering (SAS) techniques, small angle neutron (SANS), X-ray (SAXS), and light (SALS, or just LS) scattering, are used to characterize objects on a nanoscale.Ganoderma: A genus of fungi in the family Ganodermataceae, order POLYPORALES, containing a dimitic hyphal system. It causes a white rot, and is a wood decomposer. Ganoderma lucidum (REISHI) is used in traditional Chinese medicine (MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL).Optical Processes: Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials.Silica Gel: A non-crystalline form of silicon oxide that has absorptive properties. It is commonly used as a desiccating agent and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY. The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID.Soot: A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.Color: The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.DNA, Catenated: CIRCULAR DNA that is interlaced together as links in a chain. It is used as an assay for the activity of DNA TOPOISOMERASES. Catenated DNA is attached loop to loop in contrast to CONCATENATED DNA which is attached end to end.Alloys: A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions.Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)Photons: Discrete concentrations of energy, apparently massless elementary particles, that move at the speed of light. They are the unit or quantum of electromagnetic radiation. Photons are emitted when electrons move from one energy state to another. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions: The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Tin: A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71.Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed)Light: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques: The use of a quartz crystal microbalance for measuring weights and forces in the micro- to nanogram range. It is used to study the chemical and mechanical properties of thin layers, such as polymer coatings and lipid membranes; and interactions between molecues.Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.Optics and Photonics: A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.Thermal Conductivity: The heat flow across a surface per unit area per unit time, divided by the negative of the rate of change of temperature with distance in a direction perpendicular to the surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Bioengineering: The application of engineering principles and methods to living organisms or biological systems.Carbon Sequestration: Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.Photochemical Processes: Chemical reactions effected by light.Recycling: The extraction and recovery of usable or valuable material from scrap or other discarded materials. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.)Halogens: A family of nonmetallic, generally electronegative, elements that form group 17 (formerly group VIIa) of the periodic table.Organic Chemicals: A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.Microtechnology: Manufacturing technology for making microscopic devices in the micrometer range (typically 1-100 micrometers), such as integrated circuits or MEMS. The process usually involves replication and parallel fabrication of hundreds or millions of identical structures using various thin film deposition techniques and carried out in environmentally-controlled clean rooms.Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.Magnetic Fields: Areas of attractive or repulsive force surrounding MAGNETS.EthylaminesCarbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.Nucleic Acid Conformation: The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.Surface-Active Agents: Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared: A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.Streptavidin: A 60-kDa extracellular protein of Streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. Unlike AVIDIN, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains.Drug Delivery Systems: Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.Tellurium: Tellurium. An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.Liquid Crystals: Materials in intermediate state between solid and liquid.Melopsittacus: A genus, commonly called budgerigars, in the family PSITTACIDAE. In the United States they are considered one of the five species of PARAKEETS.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Pigments, Biological: Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.Dendrimers: Tree-like, highly branched, polymeric compounds. They grow three-dimensionally by the addition of shells of branched molecules to a central core. The overall globular shape and presence of cavities gives potential as drug carriers and CONTRAST AGENTS.Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Micelles: Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.Spectrum Analysis: The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Wettability: The quality or state of being wettable or the degree to which something can be wet. This is also the ability of any solid surface to be wetted when in contact with a liquid whose surface tension is reduced so that the liquid spreads over the surface of the solid.Metals: Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Solutions: The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)PrintingAzasteroids: Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substituted with nitrogen atoms.Animal Structures: Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.Pigmentation: Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.Aluminum Silicates: Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Colloids: Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they cannot be filtered or will not settle out. The dispersing or continuous phase or medium envelops the particles of the discontinuous phase. All three states of matter can form colloids among each other.Radio: The transmission and reception of electric impulses or signals by means of electric waves without a connecting wire, or the use of these waves for the wireless transmission of electric impulses into which sound is converted. (From Webster's 3d)Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as flouride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.Electric Conductivity: The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.Drug Compounding: The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)TextilesGermanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.Platinum: Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".PaperChemical Phenomena: The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.Polymethyl Methacrylate: Polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surface coating resins, emulsion polymers, fibers, inks, and films (From International Labor Organization, 1983). This material is also used in tooth implants, bone cements, and hard corneal contact lenses.Computer Storage Devices: Devices capable of receiving data, retaining data for an indefinite or finite period of time, and supplying data upon demand.Diffusion: The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.Electroplating: Coating with a metal or alloy by electrolysis.Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.Optical Imaging: The use of light interaction (scattering, absorption, and fluorescence) with biological tissue to obtain morphologically based information. It includes measuring inherent tissue optical properties such as scattering, absorption, and autofluorescence; or optical properties of exogenous targeted fluorescent molecular probes such as those used in optical MOLECULAR IMAGING, or nontargeted optical CONTRAST AGENTS.Microscopy, Scanning Probe: Scanning microscopy in which a very sharp probe is employed in close proximity to a surface, exploiting a particular surface-related property. When this property is local topography, the method is atomic force microscopy (MICROSCOPY, ATOMIC FORCE), and when it is local conductivity, the method is scanning tunneling microscopy (MICROSCOPY, SCANNING TUNNELING).Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling: A type of scanning probe microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured, and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs. Due to the poor electron conductivity of most biological samples, thin metal coatings are deposited on the sample.Thermogravimetry: Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.Carbon Tetrachloride PoisoningComputer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Polycarboxylate Cement: Water-soluble low-molecular-weight polymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid that form solid, insoluble products when mixed with specially prepared ZnO powder. The resulting cement adheres to dental enamel and is also used as a luting agent.Optical Devices: Products or parts of products used to detect, manipulate, or analyze light, such as LENSES, refractors, mirrors, filters, prisms, and OPTICAL FIBERS.Ferric Compounds: Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.Nanocapsules: Nanometer-sized, hollow, spherically-shaped objects that can be utilized to encapsulate small amounts of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, or other catalysts (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, 4th ed).Ionic Liquids: Salts that melt below 100 C. Their low VOLATILIZATION can be an advantage over volatile organic solvents.Enzymes, Immobilized: Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. Since they can be reused continuously, immobilized enzymes have found wide application in the industrial, medical and research fields.Circular Dichroism: A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Coated Materials, Biocompatible: Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.Limit of Detection: Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to many chemically unrelated compounds at doses below those established in the general population to cause harmful effects. (Cullen MR. The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview. Occup Med 1987;2(4):655-61)Chemical Industry: The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Scattering, Radiation: The diversion of RADIATION (thermal, electromagnetic, or nuclear) from its original path as a result of interactions or collisions with atoms, molecules, or larger particles in the atmosphere or other media. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Hannu HäkkinenHe has also done research with carbon nanotubes and graphene. Some of Häkkinen's work after 2010 was related to the structural ... Most of his work is related to the different types of nano-structures. He has studied electronic, optical, magnetic, chemical ... and chemical properties of metal nanoparticle/bionanoparticle (virus) hybrids. Normally a virus is so small that observing it ...
... vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), or vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) are cylindric nanostructures with graphene layers ... The metal is capable of forming nanosize carbon structures, and growing nanosize carbon structures by means of a chemical vapor ... Allotropes of carbon Carbon nanotubes Carbon black Carbon nanocone Carbon fiber Impalefection, a method of cell transfection ... Carbon nanofibers with graphene layers wrapped into perfect cylinders are called carbon nanotubes. Carbon has a high level of ...
This includes graphene, carbon nanotubes, transition metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene, hexagonal boron nitride as well as ... metal and silicon nanostructures produced by a variety of techniques such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition ... Journal of American Chemical Society, Carbon etc. Zuankai Wang and Jonghwan Suhr are tenure-track assistant professors Keyan ... carbon nanotube) and two-dimensional (graphene) films", M.S. (2012). Rahul Mukherjee, "Nanostructured anode concepts for high ...
... carbon nanostructures based on graphene and quantum dots, metal nanoparticles for antimicrobial treatment and technology of ... Quantification of the Interaction Forces between Metals and Graphene by Quantum Chemical Calculations and Dynamic Force ... Magnetic nanostructures Carbon Nanostructures, Biomolecules and Simulations Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets ... Halogenated Graphenes: Rapidly Growing Family of Graphene Derivatives", ACS Nano 7, 6434-6464 (2013). T. Zeleny, M. Ruckenbauer ...
... has been used in laboratory to make nanostructured titanium dioxide, graphene, carbon and other ... Solvothermal synthesis is a method of producing chemical compounds. It is very similar to the hydrothermal route (where the ... and crystallinity of metal oxide nanoparticles or nanostructures. These characteristics can be altered by changing certain ... Hu, Gang; Ma, Ding; Cheng, Mojie; Liu, Lin; Bao, Xinhe (2002). "Direct synthesis of uniform hollow carbon spheres by a self- ...
Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene,and Associated Devices III) 2012-Present: Conference chair of MRS Meeting 2008-Present: Program ... Synthesis of Large-Area Graphene Layers on Poly-Nickel Substrate by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Wrinkle Formation (Advanced ... www.ibs.re.kr/kr/research/nanostructure/nanostructure.jsp ^Present Director of Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Center for ... Flexible Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Non-volatile Memory Device with Oxygen-decorated Graphene Electrode', Advanced Materials ...
"Molten salt corrosion of graphite as a possible way to make carbon nanostructures". Carbon. 56: 121-131. doi:10.1016/j.carbon. ... Chemical vapor deposition deposits a layer of graphene on top. The graphene can be peeled from the wafer using a dry process ... Graphene can be created by cutting open carbon nanotubes.[86] In one such method multi-walled carbon nanotubes are cut open in ... Graphite particles can be corroded in molten salts to form a variety of carbon nanostructures including graphene.[17] Hydrogen ...
... solid-state chemical sensors, organic opto-electronics, neural-electronic interfaces and self-assembling nanostructures. The ... Gunlycke, Daniel; White, Carter T. (31 July 2014). "Specular graphene transport barrier". Physical Review B. 90 (3). Bibcode: ... carbon nanotube electronics, electronic sensors, mechanical nano-resonators, ... graphene devices, high-power extremely high frequency (35-220 GHz) amplifiers, acoustic lensing, information-rich orbital ...
"Scanning probe microscopy study of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene transferred to Au(111)". Carbon. 95: 318-322. doi: ... Mechanism in observation of subsurface nanostructures". Physical Review B. 53 (16): 11091-11099. Bibcode:1996PhRvB..5311091K. ... 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.033.. *^ Tang, Shujie; Wang, Haomin; Zhang, Yu (2013). "Precisely aligned graphene grown on hexagonal ... double-layer graphene,[14] or Van der Waals heterostructure of graphene and hBN.[15][16] ...
European Carbon Association Award (2015) French-Italian Chemical Societies Award, French Chemical Society (2015) ACS Nano ... who is best known for his work on the functionalization of carbon nanostructures, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and ... graphene. He developed a series of organic reactions that make these materials more biocompatible, less or even non toxic, ... Federchimica Prize, Association of the Italian Chemical Industries (1995) National Prize for Research, Italian Chemical Society ...
... on the electronics and photonics of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and has laid the foundations of future carbon-based ... 4] "Carbon nanostructures form the future of electronics and optoelectronics". Eureka Alert. Retrieved 28 April 2011. Nanometer ... Phaedon Avouris (Greek: Φαίδων Αβούρης; born 1945) is a Greek chemical physicist. He is an IBM Fellow and the group leader for ... and optoelectronic properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene. The work includes the design, fabrication, and study of ...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. They can be considered a rolled up graphene ... Uses include accelerometers, or detectors of chemical substances in the air. As noted by Richard Feynman in his famous talk in ... Carbon nanotubes and graphene's physical strength allows carbon based materials to meet higher stress demands, when common ... Along with the mechanical benefits of carbon based materials, the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene allow ...
Carbon nanotube chemistry Colossal carbon tube Filamentous carbon Graphene oxide paper List of software for nanostructures ... and availability of chemical bonds on the exterior for functionalization without disrupting the carbon core may enable ... Carbon nanotube Boron nitride nanotube Buckypaper Carbide-derived carbon Carbon nanocone Carbon nanofibers Carbon nanoparticles ... "Thermal conductivity of a new carbon nanotube analog: The diamond nanothread". Carbon. 98: 232-237. doi:10.1016/j.carbon. ...
... thanks to a newly developed carbon nanostructure. The team grew nanocrystals of iron and nickel on carbon. Traditional ... The result was a strong chemical bond between the materials, which the team identified and studied at the synchrotron. A team ... This has implications for the use of graphene in a variety of future products. A collaboration between the University of Regina ... "Canadian Light Source spots speed bumps in graphene's electron highway". 15 August 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2012. Woodhouse, p. ...
Carbon nanotube, includes general nanotube terminology and diagrams. DNA nanotube, a two-dimensional lattice which curves back ... Nanotechnology Nanomaterials Nanostructure Self-assembling peptide Радушкевич, Л. В. (1952). О Структуре Углерода, ... The three scientists have been the first ones to show images of a nanotube with a solitary graphene wall. BCN nanotube ( ~BCN ... Chemical Physics Letters. 460 (4-6): 517-520. Bibcode:2008CPL...460..517M. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.063. ...
Carbon nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO) sheets, nano tubes, and fullerenes have proven antimicrobial properties when ... Thirdly, a multitude of chemical structures, such as fullerenes and metal oxides, allow for a diverse set of chemical ... Current research on the carcinogenic effects, if any, of carbon nanostructures is still in its infancy and there is therefore ... the large aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes, high surface energy in GO sheets). Human applications of carbon nano materials have ...
also reported a similar structure, namely "graphene-carbon nanotube hybrids", grown directly onto carbon fiber paper to form an ... Stoner, Brian R.; Jeffrey T. Glass (2012). "Carbon nanostructures: a morphological classification for charge density ... "Deposition of aligned bamboo-like carbon nanotubes via microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition". J. Appl. Phys. 88 ... "Stand-up structure of graphene-like carbon nanowalls on CNT directly grown on polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber paper as ...
His research is involved specifically in transport within nanostructures and carbon nanotubes, which revolves around graphene, ... "developed a novel mobile chemical sensor device that allows users to track their health and fitness through chemicals in their ... including carbon nanotubes and graphene, and hybrid nanostructures based on these materials conjugated with proteins, synthetic ... Nanotechnology AIP Advances Graphene Carbon nanotubes "Nano/Bio Interface Center". Nanotech.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2015-03-27. " ...
Nanoparticles such as graphene,[3] carbon nanotubes, molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are being used as reinforcing ... In general, two-dimensional nanostructures can reinforce the polymer better than one-dimensional nanostructures, and inorganic ... The transition from micro- to nano-particles lead to change in its physical as well as chemical properties. Two of the major ... Carbon nanotubes, gold particles and synthetic polymers are used for this purpose. This immobilization has been achieved ...
The reaction occurs on carbon nanotubes, graphene, and similar carbon frameworks, where the four adjacent six-membered rings of ... "Stone-Wales-type transformations in carbon nanostructures driven by electron irradiation". Phys. Rev. B. 83 (24): 245420-245433 ... As a result, the defect creates a region with greater chemical reactivity, including acting as a nucleophile[citation needed] ... Incorporation of defects along a carbon-nanotube network can program a carbon-nanotube circuit to enhance the conductance along ...
Box-shaped graphene (BSG) nanostructure is an example of 3D nanomaterial. BSG nanostructure has appeared after mechanical ... The fullerenes are a class of allotropes of carbon which conceptually are graphene sheets rolled into tubes or spheres. These ... 1991). "Molecular Self-Assembly and Nanochemistry: A Chemical Strategy for the Synthesis of Nanostructures". Science. 254 (5036 ... Lapshin, R. V. (2016). "STM observation of a box-shaped graphene nanostructure appeared after mechanical cleavage of pyrolytic ...
Few-Layer graphenes from ball-milling of graphite with melamine, ChemComm, 47, 10936-10938, 2011. Carbon nanohorns ... Biomaterials, 33, 8152-8159, (2012). Degree of Chemical Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Determines Tissue Distribution ... her research focused on microwave radiation for the activation of carbon nanostructures in solvent-free conditions, developing ... Asbestos-like pathogenicity of long carbon nanotubes can be alleviated by chemical functionalization.Angewandte Chemie. DOI: ...
... carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets, nanoparticles and crystalline samples. MBN Explorer has been utilized in different ... simulation of irradiation-induced chemical transformations by means of irradiation-driven molecular dynamics. MBN Explorer is ... of titanium-based nanomaterials Comparison of software for molecular mechanics modeling List of software for nanostructures ...
Synthetic diamond and carbon nanotubes (e.g., Buckypaper) Programmable matter Graphene Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, ... Main article: Chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which systems that are out of equilibrium ... Nanostructure deals with objects and structures that are in the 1-100 nm range.[10] In many materials, atoms or molecules ... Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon steels. An iron-carbon alloy is only considered ...
The term carbon nanotube refers to a cylinder with a rolled graphene sheet. CNT can be single walled (SWNT) or multi-walled ( ... The target was to identify the non-covalent binding between hemoglobin and relevant chemicals. Among 13 different chemicals ... recently, a new technique named nanostructure Imaging mass spectrometry (NIMS) was introduced as a result of using explosive ... Graphene is a type of popular carbon nanomaterial discovered in 2004. It has a large surface area that could effectively attach ...
Synthetic diamond and carbon nanotubes (e.g., Buckypaper) Programmable matter Graphene Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, ... Main article: Chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which systems that are out of equilibrium ... Nanostructure deals with objects and structures that are in the 1-100 nm range.[10] In many materials, atoms or molecules ... Iron alloyed with various proportions of carbon gives low, mid and high carbon steels. An iron-carbon alloy is only considered ...
Interlayer interaction and disorder in Few Layer Graphene (FLG) powders prepared by fluidized bed chemical vapor depositionWe have recently developed a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process to produce FLG. We present results on the ... While transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of few layer graphene, Raman spectra bear the characteristics of ... single layer graphene with a relative low defect density indicating that the interaction between layers is reduced in FLG ... The growth of few layer graphene (FLG) in powder form by CVD is particularly promising for its large scale production and use ...
Graphene Science Handbook: Nanostructure and Atomic Arrangement - 1st... and Zero Bandgap of Graphene The Graphene Science Handbook is ... Cylindrical Carbon Nanostructures Grown by Catalytic Chemical ... This handbook describes the fabrication methods of graphene; the nanostructure and atomic arrangement of graphene; graphenes ... The Graphene Science Handbook is a six-volume set that describes graphenes special structural, electrical, and chemical ... Graphene Science Handbook Nanostructure and Atomic Arrangement By Mahmood Aliofkhazraei. , Nasar Ali. , William I. Milne. , ...
Composite hollow nanostructures composed of carbon-coated Ti3+ self-doped TiO2-reduced graphene oxide as an efficient...d Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, ... Composite hollow nanostructures composed of carbon-coated Ti3+ self-doped TiO2-reduced graphene oxide as an efficient ... Composite hollow nanostructures composed of carbon-coated Ti3+ self-doped TiO2-reduced graphene oxide as an efficient ... Herein, we report for the first time an efficient one-step approach to synthesize conductive Ti3+ self-doped carbon-coated TiO2 ...
Nanomaterials | Free Full-Text | One-Step Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of 3D N-doped Carbon Nanotube/N-doped Graphene...N-doped carbon nanotubes/N-doped graphene architecture (N-CNTs/N-graphene). We used nickel foam as substrate, melamine as a ... with 2D graphene have attracted more and more attentions due to their excellent chemical, physical and electrical properties. ... In this study, we firstly report a novel and facile one-step process using template-directed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to ... The obtained 3D N-CNTs/N-graphene exhibits high graphitization, a regular 3D structure and excellent nitrogen doping and good ...
Handbook of Computational Chemistry | SpringerLinkFundamental Structural, Electronic, and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanostructures: Graphene, Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, ... Modeling of Quasi-One-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures with Density Functional Theory Veronica Barone, Oded Hod, Juan E. ... Special emphasis is placed on the environmental effects of nanostructures. Part four is devoted to an important class of ... The section includes a discussion of basic ideas such as molecular structure, molecular descriptors and chemical similarity. ...
He has also done research with carbon nanotubes and graphene. Some of Häkkinens work after 2010 was related to the structural ... Most of his work is related to the different types of nano-structures. He has studied electronic, optical, magnetic, chemical ... and chemical properties of metal nanoparticle/bionanoparticle (virus) hybrids. Normally a virus is so small that observing it ...
1.Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Group, Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of EngineeringMonash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan ... facets on a graphene scaffold as photo-active hybrid nanostructures for reduction of carbon dioxide to methane. ... Park, S.; Ruoff, R. S. Chemical methods for the production of graphenes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 217-224.CrossRefGoogle ... photocatalysis nitrogen-doped TiO2 {001} facet acid treated solvent exfoliated graphene carbon dioxide reduction visible light ...
Two Trinity Scientists Featured in List of World's Most Influential Scientific Minds - Global Relations - Trinity College...He is the head of the Chemical Physics of Low-Dimensional Nanostructures group. The main focus of this group is to conduct ... The main materials studied are graphene, carbon nanotubes, polymer inorganic nanowires and inorganic layered compounds. ... Professor Jonathan Coleman is currently Professor of Chemical Physics in the School of Physics and a Principal Investigator in ... interdisciplinary research on the physics and chemistry of materials with an emphasis on low dimensional nanostructures. ...
Meanwhile, hollow transition metal oxide nanostructures have promising potential for advanced energy storage applications. ... Strong chemical bonds between transition metal oxides and carbon materials which enable fast electron transfer kinetics are ... Strong chemical bonds between transition metal oxides and carbon materials which enable fast electron transfer kinetics are ... This surface-confined strategy may pave a way for realizing strong chemical bonds between hollow oxides and carbon-based ...
Phys.org - chemical vapour depositionCarbon nanostructures grow under extreme particle bombardment. (Phys.org) -Nanostructures, such as graphene and carbon ... Graphene microphone outperforms traditional nickel and offers ultrasonic reach. Scientists have developed a graphene based ... Carbon nanotubes grown in combustion flames. An international research teams theoretical simulation of the synthesis of single ... Breakthrough graphene production could trigger revolution in artificial skin development. A pioneering new technique to produce ...
... which can produce defect-free 2D nanosheets from a range of layered materials such as graphene, MoS2 and black phosphorous. An ... inorganic 2D nanosheets and carbon nanotubes. We focus on liquid processing of these nanomaterials with the aim of developing ... Our research focuses on the study of low-dimensional nanostructures including graphene, ... Our research focuses on the study of low-dimensional nanostructures including graphene, inorganic 2D nanosheets and carbon ...
Main Allotropes of Carbon: A Brief Review: Engineering Book Chapter | IGI GlobalCarbon allotropes can be classified according to the carbon atom hybridization. In principle, there are different ways, based ... Main Allotropes of Carbon: A Brief Review: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0492-4.ch006: ... which can be used to classify carbon nanostructures. Classifications vary function of the field of nanostructure applications. ... carbon nanotubes, diamond and amorphous carbon. In addition, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) techniques, frequently used for ...
Chemical Could Revolutionize Polymer Fuel CellsIm Focus: A transistor of graphene nanoribbons. Transistors based on carbon nanostructures: what sounds like a futuristic dream ... Graphene ribbons that are only a few atoms wide, so-called graphene nanoribbons, have special electrical properties that make ... has discovered that a chemical called triazole is significantly more effective than similar chemicals researchers have explored ... The findings were published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. "Triazole will greatly reduce many of the problems ...
Wearable Devices for Sports - EMBS... graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, and hybrid micro-/nanostructures have been utilized to fabricate stretchable sensors [8 ... Creating wearable chemical sensors that can identify and quantify biomarkers from sweat-such as electrolytes (sodium, chloride ... and chemical properties. Polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxane, silicon, and thermoplastic elastomers, are used as flexible ... is now only possible through a probe that depends on direct chemical concentration with the analyte (dissolved compounds) [7]. ...
Quantum Materials & Nanoelectronics | Max Planck Institut für FestkörperforschungTwo outstanding examples are carbon nanostructures (e.g., graphene) and topological insulators (e.g., Bi2Se3), which constitute ... Reactive chemical doping of the Bi2Se3 topological insulator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 177602 (2011). Article. R. S. Sundaram, M. ... and two-dimensional nanostructures, including inorganic semiconductor nanowires and graphene nanoribbons. Here the aim is to ... Carbon-based field effect transistors for nanoelectronics. Adv. Mater. 21, 2586 (2009). Article. I. Gierz, C. Riedl, U. Starke ...
Research Fellows - University of Chemistry and Technology, PragueSpecifically, the chemical and electrochemical synthesis of 2-dimensional nanomaterials such as graphene. I am also experienced ... in preparing one-dimensional nanostructures such as multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with abundant functional groups. All ... PhD in Chemical and Biological Engineering from the Faculty of Engineering University of Porto (FEUP), Portugal ... Inga Fischer Hjalmars Award, 2014: for the most outstanding thesis in the field of theoretical chemistry, Swedish Chemical ...
Industry solutions - Flinders UniversityDr Kasturi Vimalanathan is working with Professor Raston on these carbon nanostructures, which are made of graphene-single ... The VFD can also bend SWCNTs into rings without reactive chemicals or stabilising surfactants. The diameter of the nanorings is ... Graphene consists of flat layers of carbon and has emerged as a material with a vast variety of applications. The electronic, ... Professor Rastons group is using the VFD to create carbon nanostructures that could increase the efficiency of solar cells and ...
Functional Carbon Nanomaterials... and applications of materials containing true nanosize dimensions or nanostructures that enable novel/enhanced properties or ... graphene foams or sponges, carbon nanotube forests, carbon fibers, carbon nanowalls, and porous carbon materials, can lead to a ... In addition to chemical and physical modifications, the functions of carbon nanomaterials can be altered by adding or doping ... amorphous carbon, and more recently, graphene. Carbon nanomaterials or nanostructures offer exceptional flexibility in ...
Carbon nanomaterials for gas adsorption. [M L Terranova; Silvia Orlanducci; Marco Rossi, Ph. D.;] -- The increasing interest ... induced to benchmark carbon nanomaterials as one of the ongoing strategic ... ... 1. Techniques for the measurement of gas adsorption by carbon nanostructures / D.P. Broom --. 2. Physical and chemical ... 5. Structural and electronic properties of hydrogenated graphene / Tanglaw Roman and Hideaki Kasai --. 6. Gas desorption from ...
... and applications of materials containing true nanosize dimensions or nanostructures that enable novel/enhanced properties or ... Chemical modification of the graphene surface is common, such as acid treatment, which imparts -COOH groups at the broken links ... The major challenge for these hydrophobic carbon nanostructures is their dispersion in an aqueous medium. Several approaches ... The surface of the graphite nanoplatelets is pure graphene where the carbon is in a sp2 configuration. This presents a ...
... vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), or vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) are cylindric nanostructures with graphene layers ... The metal is capable of forming nanosize carbon structures, and growing nanosize carbon structures by means of a chemical vapor ... Allotropes of carbon Carbon nanotubes Carbon black Carbon nanocone Carbon fiber Impalefection, a method of cell transfection ... Carbon nanofibers with graphene layers wrapped into perfect cylinders are called carbon nanotubes. Carbon has a high level of ...
Carbon Materials from High Ash Bio-char: A Nanostructure Similar to A… - EnglishDeveloping high-value nanostructured carbon from bio-char, for electrical and natural gas energy storage, is critical to ... Carbon Materials from High Ash Bio-char: A Nanostructure Similar to Activated Graphene * 1. 2013 American Transactions on ... Understanding chemical reactions between carbons and NaOH and KOH, An insight into the chemical activation mechanism, Carbon, ... Activated carbon samples with high mesoporous volume ( 1 ml/g), and nanostructure similar to activated graphene were prepared ...
Microstructural modifications in diamond like carbon thin films.... Porous nickel telluride nanostructures as bifunctional ... Raman imaging on high quality graphene grown by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. Raman imaging on high quality graphene ... Raman imaging on high quality graphene grown by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition Raman imaging on high quality graphene ... Controlled growth of high-quality graphene using hot filament chemical vapour deposition. ...
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Based One-Dimensional Structures : Tuning Physical and Chemical Properties... chemical modification and combining carbon based sub-classes into new hybrid structures make the carbon nanostructure even more ... two-dimensional graphene shows metallic behavior with exceptional electron mobility. Moreover the possibility to even further ... Carbon Nanotube, single-walled carbon nanotube, nitrogen doped, chemical vapor deposition, fullerene, hybrid structures ... In this thesis carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on iron/cobalt catalyst particles. The ...
SynthesisNanomaterialsCalled carbon nanotubesFullerenesCharacterizationNanoribbonsCompositesAtomsVaporNanotubes and grapheneGraphiteCNTsElectrodesMonolayerNanoparticlesNanoscale2017ElectrochemicalNanocompositesGrownTiO2Physics of Low-Dimensional NanostructuresNanocompositeNanowiresHydrogenMoleculesChemistryElectrical conductivityVibrational modes of freestanConductiveStructuralRamanSemiconductorResearchersSupercapacitorsStructuresCompositeElectronParticlesHigh-quality grapheneSingle layer grapheneReductionSurfacesChemicallyPolymerFabricationElectrode materialsSheetsSheet of grapheneFormation of grapheneMagneticMulti-walled carbonModificationDioxideQuantumBandgapHybrid NanostructureApplicationsAmorphous carbonMechanicalInorganic
- Nevertheless, in the synthesis process of graphene and CNTs, there is a tendency for irreversible aggregation and stacking due to van Waals interactions [ 10 , 14 ]. (mdpi.com)
- The synthesis of three-dimensional carbon architectures from CNT and graphene effectively reduces the aggregation and stacking which occur among layers of graphene and CNTs [ 15 ]. (mdpi.com)
- An international research team's theoretical simulation of the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes has revealed important details of the mechanisms at play. (phys.org)
- A further focus is on the synthesis, controlled manipulation and device incorporation of various one- and two-dimensional nanostructures, including inorganic semiconductor nanowires and graphene nanoribbons. (mpg.de)
- Classification of the Achiral Tubular Nanoclusters (Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis and Properties. (famous-scientists.ru)
- Among the methods of synthesis of nanomaterials include chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermal methods, electrodeposition, wet chemistry, sol-gel methods, and the like. (amrita.edu)
- This Research Topic welcomes submission of manuscripts related to synthesis, characterization, study of properties, and potential applications of carbon superstructures. (frontiersin.org)
- Confinement of polymers in graphene-based materials, synthesis of carbon-based nanostructures and synthesis of topological polymers. (ikerbasque.net)
- The expertise of the Plasma Process Technology Department consists of synthesis and modification of catalytically active surfaces, materials for energy storage / energy transformation, sensor technology, chemical synthesis, and cleaning processes/preparation processes. (inp-greifswald.de)
- In this regard the synthesis of catalysts for fuel cells and electrolyzers, photochemical water fission, the linking of catalysts on solid carriers, generation of semiconductor materials, and photosensitive layers for photovoltaic systems, batteries, chemical, and electrochemical sensors or water desalination and water purification, are of particular interest. (inp-greifswald.de)
- o Synthesis of nanostructures and functionalized surfaces under UHV conditions with MBE methods. (cnr.it)
- o Synthesis of graphene layers on surfaces by CVD. (cnr.it)
- o Chemical synthesis, in solution and in the solid state, of organometallic compounds, metal nanoparticles, metal alloys and oxides and hybrid nanocomposite materials. (cnr.it)
- Methodology: Synthesis and characterization of hybrid nanostructure: Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD), Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). (cdc.gov)
- Isolated 2D crystals cannot be grown via chemical synthesis beyond small sizes even in principle, because the rapid growth of phonon density with increasing lateral size forces 2D crystallites to bend into the third dimension. (wikipedia.org)
- chemical reactions like molecular synthesis to yield new supra-nanoscale objects? (bioportfolio.com)
- Synthesis of N-doped microporous carbon via chemical activation of polyindole-modified graphene oxide sheets for selective carbon dioxide adsorption. (nih.gov)
- The presence of graphene and its derivatives such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and flat, conjugated ring structures, may have served as a vehicle for template- directed synthesis. (jbsdonline.com)
- We put particular emphasis on engineering the electronic properties of these materials, which we achieve either by bottom-up synthesis of structurally precise atomic configurations, or by local modifications using structural defects or chemical functionalization. (unibe.ch)
- Monitoring the On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons by Mass Spectrometry. (unibe.ch)
- On-surface synthesis is a successful approach to the creation of carbon-based nanostructures that cannot be obtained via standard solution chemistry. (mpg.de)
- Our work in this area involves, amongst others, the synthesis and chemistry of graphene and carbon nanotubes as well as nanolithography (the patterning of surfaces). (dur.ac.uk)
- One of the problems in graphene research is the availability of the material and the difficulties involved with its synthesis. (dur.ac.uk)
- Our interests lie in the synthesis of graphene using a variety of methodologies that are scalable and selective for the formation of graphene or few-layer graphene. (dur.ac.uk)
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are typical one-dimensional nanomaterials with excellent performance. (mdpi.com)
- Carbon nanomaterials have increasingly gained interest due to their capability of forming various allotropes including nanotubes, fullerenes, diamond, amorphous carbon, and more recently, graphene. (hindawi.com)
- Carbon nanomaterials or nanostructures offer exceptional flexibility in tailoring various properties for specific purposes due to their chemical inertness. (hindawi.com)
- In addition to chemical and physical modifications, the functions of carbon nanomaterials can be altered by adding or doping metal elements such as gold, platinum, or silver. (hindawi.com)
- The major goals of this special issue are to find novel fabrication methods for functional carbon nanomaterials and the modification or nanostructuring of carbon surfaces for novel functionalization in up-to-date applications. (hindawi.com)
- This issue includes research papers covering a wide range of current progress on the modification with physical and chemical methods and characterization for functional carbon nanomaterials and nanostructures, as well as the related applications in hard coatings, energy storage and conversion, water filtration, catalysts, and decontamination. (hindawi.com)
- The combined study on novel experimental preparation of carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon films, and fullerenes and the theoretical investigations of functional carbon nanomaterials with first-principles/ab initio calculation are presented. (hindawi.com)
- Molecular Dynamics as the Tool for Investigation of Carbon Nanostructures Properties (Thermal Transport in Carbon-Based Nanomaterials. (famous-scientists.ru)
- The increasing interest in new technological solution for gas storage, requiring the development of novel solid state media, induced to benchmark carbon nanomaterials as one of the ongoing strategic research areas in science and technology. (worldcat.org)
- In such a context, research in adsorption of gases by carbon nanomaterials has experienced considerable growth in recent years, with increasing interest for practical applications. (worldcat.org)
- This book provides a selected overview of some of the most interesting scientific results regarding the outstanding properties of carbon nanomaterials for gas adsorption and of interest both for basic research and technological applications. (worldcat.org)
- We are also investigating the chemical transformation by LSP of complex systems made of carbon-based nanomaterials, and the recrystallization of different types of nanostructures for energy, environmental, electronics and sensing applications. (icmab.es)
- Graphene paper as a new form of graphene-supported nanomaterials has received worldwide attention since its first report in 2007. (intechopen.com)
- Graphene -based nanomaterials have many promising applications in energy-related areas. (nanowerk.com)
- An excellent review paper ( 'Chemical Approaches toward Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and their Applications in Energy-Related Areas' ) gives a brief overview of the recent research concerning chemical and thermal approaches toward the production of well-defined graphene-based nanomaterials and their applications in energy-related areas. (nanowerk.com)
- The authors note, however, that before graphene-based nanomaterials and devices find widespread commercial use, two important problems have to be solved: one is the preparation of graphene-based nanomaterials with well-defined structures, and the other is the controllable fabrication of these materials into functional devices. (nanowerk.com)
- This symposium focuses on progress on the frontiers of fundamental and applied science of carbon nanostructures (CNS), including carbon nanomaterials and other two-dimensional (2-D) nanomaterials and their related composites. (ceramics.org)
- In the topical area Carbon-Based Nanomaterials , we currently focus on sp 2 derived organic nanostructures. (unibe.ch)
- This 2D nanostructure, best visualised as single layer of graphite, shares the exciting properties of other carbon nanomaterials. (dur.ac.uk)
- Carbon nanofibers with graphene layers wrapped into perfect cylinders are called carbon nanotubes. (wikipedia.org)
- Spherical fullerenes are also called buckyballs,and cylindrical ones are called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. (seclusiasis.com)
- Elemental carbon has a number of allotropes(variants) including diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. (wikipedia.org)
- Both carbon nanotubes and fullerenes are expensive, which hinders their application in industry. (hindawi.com)
- With an expected cost on the order of $5/pound, these nanoplatelets could be a suitable substitute for carbon nanotubes and fullerenes for most applications. (hindawi.com)
- The researchers who published their results this month in the American Chemical Society s Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters ( 'Flexoelectricity in Carbon Nanostructures: Nanotubes, Fullerenes, and Nanocones' ) discovered they could calculate the flexoelectric effect of graphene rolled into a cone of any size and length. (nanowerk.com)
- They suggested their technique could be used to calculate the effect for graphene in other more complex shapes, like wrinkled sheets or distorted fullerenes, several of which they also analyzed. (nanowerk.com)
- In the recent years, following the tremendous development of the nanostructured carbon allotropes, especially fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon dots, and molecular diamonds, a new interesting class of carbon nanohybrids has been established. (frontiersin.org)
- Carbon Nanotubes - Seminar Report by Shuhab-u-Tariq - 1SI03EC109 5 Nanotubes are cylindrical fullerenes. (seclusiasis.com)
- Graph-theoretical tools used in this paper for the generation and the propagation of the Stone-Wales defects waves are applicable to investigate isomeric modifications of chemical structures with various dimensionality like fullerenes, nanotubes, graphenic layers, schwarzites, zeolites. (mdpi.com)
- Examples of carbon nanostructures can include carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, graphene and fullerenes. (ceramics.org)
- In recent years, graphene research has been unprecedentedly active, and the progress in fabrication and characterization of graphene has been very significant. (degruyter.com)
- I am currently working in the use of metal hole arrays as semi-transparent electrodes in organic solar cells, as well as in the use of electron beam induced current imaging (EBIC) and Hall measurement techniques for the characterization of nanostructures. (bnl.gov)
- Extensive analytical equipment for characterization of the nanostructure, morphology, crystal structure, porosity, chemical composition, optical, electrochemical and photochemical characteristics is available for development of efficient function elements. (inp-greifswald.de)
- o Deposition and characterization of nanostructured films for biomedical applications o Deposition of thin films by various techniques (LB, spin-coating, evaporation, etc.). o Chemical preparation methods of nanoparticles and magnetic nanocomposites. (cnr.it)
- This research paper carbon nanotubes pdf paper examines a typology of applications that could be derived from carbon nanotubes and graphene, based on their present stage of applicability Preparation and Characterization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Grown Directly onto a Conducting Support Yu Luo,a,* Randy Vander Wal, b Lee J. All results is can be used for the design of carbon nanotubes antenna in the terahertz region. (seclusiasis.com)
- Bottom-up fabrication of narrow strips of graphene, also known as graphene nanoribbons or GNRs, is an attractive way to open a bandgap in semimetallic graphene. (degruyter.com)
- One approach for tuning electronic properties of graphene relies on making few-nanometer-wide strips of graphene that are typically referred to as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). (degruyter.com)
- By minimization, the Wiener index topological invariant evidences a marked anisotropy of the Stone-Wales defects that, topologically, are in fact preferably generated and propagated along the diagonal of the graphenic fragments, including carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons. (mdpi.com)
- Nanoribbons are difficult to make but the Nottingham team's strategy of confining chemical reactions at the nanoscale sparks spontaneous formation of the remarkable structures. (futurity.org)
- HOUSTON - (March 2, 2015) - Graphene nanoribbons formed into a three-dimensional aerogel and enhanced with boron and nitrogen are excellent catalysts for fuel cells , even in comparison to platinum, according to Rice University researchers. (rice.edu)
- A team led by materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan and chemist James Tour made metal-free aerogels from graphene nanoribbons and various levels of boron and nitrogen to test their electrochemical properties. (rice.edu)
- The new research combines those abilities with the Tour lab's 2009 method to unzip nanotubes into conductive graphene nanoribbons. (rice.edu)
- These structures encompass molecular nanographenes (0D), carbon nanotubes and nanoribbons (1D) and porous graphene (2D). (unibe.ch)
- Revealing the Electronic Structure of Silicon Intercalated Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy. (unibe.ch)
- This unprecedented synthetic protocol can potentially be extended to other polyphenylenes and eventually graphene nanoribbons, to incorporate five-membered rings at desired positions for the fine-tuning of electronic properties. (mpg.de)
- Further reduction in the dimensionality of graphene in the form of graphene quantum dots and graphene nanoribbons has compensated for the lack of a bandgap in the extended 2D material. (mpg.de)
- The growth of few layer graphene (FLG) in powder form by CVD is particularly promising for its large scale production and use in composites as well as electrochemical and energy applications. (nsti.org)
- Professor Raston's group is using the VFD to create carbon nanostructures that could increase the efficiency of solar cells and improve polymer composites, sensing devices, electronics and drug delivery. (edu.au)
- Slepchenkov New 2D graphene hybrid composites as an effective base element of optical nanodevices // Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. (famous-scientists.ru)
- 2. Olga E. Glukhova, Dmitriy S. Shmygin The electrical conductivity of CNT/graphene composites: a new method for accelerating transmission function calculations // Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. (famous-scientists.ru)
- We develop high quality thin films of organic-inorganic nanocomposites and nanostructures such as semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and graphene-based composites using MAPLE and PLD techniques. (icmab.es)
- This book provides a snapshot of the current development of new materials, ranging from nanoparticles to nanotubes to graphene to various hybrid materials and composites. (novapublishers.com)
- 2. G. E. Fernandes, J. H. Kim, J. Xu, A. K. Sood, N. K. Dhar, and M. Dubey, "Unleashing giant TCR from phase changes in carbon nanotube composites for EO/IR sensor applications (Invited Paper)", SPIE Proc. (brown.edu)
- The advantages of carbon nanotube based nanocomposites over conventional composites are lighter, high specific strength, high. (seclusiasis.com)
- His research interest includes different aspects of carbon nanostructure-reinforced advanced multifunctional composites, from carbon nanostructure functionalisation to composite processing and mechanical, thermal and electrical testing. (qub.ac.uk)
- His research is now focused on the use of functionalised and non-functionalised CNT assemblies in carbon fibre reinforced epoxy laminates for the development of hierarchical advanced multifunctional composites. (qub.ac.uk)
- My interests are in carbon materials, adsorption and porosity, composites and surface science. (ox.ac.uk)
- In all cases, the preparation of composites by the combination of carbon nanostructures and 2-D materials with inorganic or organic compounds can lead to development of new functional materials with unique properties. (ceramics.org)
- We also work on the chemical modification of graphene and the use of graphene or modified graphene in polymer composites, sensors and energy storage. (dur.ac.uk)
- The interest stems from the fact that covalently bonded carbon atoms can form a wide variety of structures with zero-, one- and two-dimensional configuration with different physical properties. (diva-portal.org)
- Figure 1 (a) and (b) also shows the convention on how the carbon atoms are counted across zigzag and armchair GNRs to distinguish ribbons with different widths. (degruyter.com)
- The work will be of interest to those considering graphene elements in flexible touchscreens or memories that store bits by controlling electric dipole moments of carbon atoms, the researchers said. (nanowerk.com)
- Perfect graphene an atom-thick sheet of carbon is a conductor, as its atoms electrical charges balance each other out across the plane. (nanowerk.com)
- But curvature in graphene compresses the electron clouds of the bonds on the concave side and stretches them on the convex side, thus altering their electric dipole moments, the characteristic that controls how polarized atoms interact with external electric fields. (nanowerk.com)
- The researchers used density functional theory to compute dipole moments for individual atoms in a graphene lattice and then figure out their cumulative effect. (nanowerk.com)
- Graphene is composed of two-dimensional and hexagonal rings of sp 2 carbon atoms. (intechopen.com)
- Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties. (bioportfolio.com)
- They have also focused on the chemical assignment of single atoms or molecules correlated to the atomic structures including defects and dopants by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). (gatan.com)
- How do atoms vibrate in graphene nanostructures? (gatan.com)
- In order to understand advanced materials like graphene nanostructures and optimize them for devices in nano-, opto- and quantum-technology it is crucial to understand how phonons - the vibration of atoms in solids - influence the materials' properties. (gatan.com)
- Chemical reactions involving carbon and sulphur atoms held within a nanotube lead to the formation of atomically thin strips of carbon, known as graphene nanoribbon, decorated with sulphur atoms around the edge. (futurity.org)
- Graphene consists of hexagonal rings of carbon atoms packed in periodic structure with symmetry D 6h , and due to its electronic, mechanical, and other physical and chemical characteristics, it is of great interest for scientific community. (springeropen.com)
- As an initial atomic configuration fragment, a flat hexagonal lattice of 40 carbon atoms (Fig. 1 ) or 12 elementary hexagonal cells of graphene with symmetry type D 6h were modeled and optimized in the same basis and function. (springeropen.com)
- Graphene is single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a continuous honeycomb network and is the latest addition to the nanocarbon family. (dur.ac.uk)
- We have recently developed a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) process to produce FLG. (nsti.org)
- In this study, we firstly report a novel and facile one-step process using template-directed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to fabricate highly nitrogen doped three-dimensional (3D) N-doped carbon nanotubes/N-doped graphene architecture (N-CNTs/N-graphene). (mdpi.com)
- In addition, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) techniques, frequently used for synthesizing these structures are discussed. (igi-global.com)
- Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), or vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) are cylindric nanostructures with graphene layers arranged as stacked cones, cups or plates. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) or simply CVD with variants like thermal and plasma-assisted is the dominant commercial technique for the fabrication of VGCF and VGCNF. (wikipedia.org)
- In this thesis carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on iron/cobalt catalyst particles. (diva-portal.org)
- We report the fabrication of a photosensor based on as-grown single crystal monolayers of MoS2synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). (rice.edu)
- o Chemical (CVD) and physical (PVD) vapor deposition methods assisted by plasmas. (cnr.it)
- A few-mode fiber (FMF) is designed to support three spatial modes (LP 01 , LP 11a , and LP 11b ) and fabricated through plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD)and rod-in-tube (RIT) method. (opticsjournal.net)
- The MWCNTs grown by chemical vapor deposition at a relatively low temperature (~650 °C) have structural imperfections which can be thermally annealed to reconstruct the graphitic structure. (nsti.org)
- Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been envisaged as a means towards structure control due its ability to narrow the resulting chirality distribution with respect to thermal CVD and other growth techniques. (uantwerpen.be)
- Yoke Khin Yap and Dongyan Zhang "Chemical Vapor Deposition," in Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, B. Bhushan (ed. (mtu.edu)
- He has also done research with carbon nanotubes and graphene. (wikipedia.org)
- The spectacular properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene have generated worldwide commercial interest in these materials. (uantwerpen.be)
- This chapter is a brief review introduction to some major allotropes: graphene/graphite, carbon nanotubes, diamond and amorphous carbon. (igi-global.com)
- Such atomic arrangement enables it the building of several allotropic forms in solid state, such as graphene (Monajjemi, 2014), graphite (Matsumoto et al. (igi-global.com)
- Dr Kasturi Vimalanathan is working with Professor Raston on these carbon nanostructures, which are made of graphene-single layers of graphite. (edu.au)
- Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnPs) with an average thickness of 1-10 nm present an inexpensive alternative to carbon nanotubes in many applications. (hindawi.com)
- The most commonly used nano sized form of graphene is graphite nanoplatelets, which are a few layers of graphene sheets stacked together and are produced by the exfoliation of graphite via an acid intercalation, followed by ultrasonic irradiation to isolated graphite nanosheets [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The surface of the graphite nanoplatelets is pure graphene where the carbon is in a sp 2 configuration. (hindawi.com)
- Furthermore, these graphite nanoplatelets possess the high electric conductivity of graphene. (hindawi.com)
- Graphene is monolayer graphite and has higher electron mobility than silicon, high heat conduction, and special optical properties. (intechopen.com)
- In several studies, researchers have used a combined ozone-oxidation with annealing at 530 K to produce graphene powders from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite [ 10 ]. (intechopen.com)
- In that respect, graphene already exists within graphite. (wikipedia.org)
- The early approaches of cleaving multi-layer graphite into single layers or growing it epitaxially by depositing a layer of carbon onto another material have been supplemented by numerous alternatives. (wikipedia.org)
- Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov initially used adhesive tape to split graphite into graphene. (wikipedia.org)
- Rapid heating of graphite oxide and exfoliation yields highly dispersed carbon powder with a few percent of graphene flakes. (wikipedia.org)
- Reduction of graphite oxide monolayer films, e.g. by hydrazine with annealing in argon / hydrogen also yielded graphene films. (wikipedia.org)
- Dispersing graphite in a proper liquid medium can produce graphene by sonication . (wikipedia.org)
- Sonicating graphite at the interface of two immiscible liquids, most notably heptane and water, produced macro-scale graphene films. (wikipedia.org)
- Graphite particles can be corroded in molten salts to form a variety of carbon nanostructures including graphene. (wikipedia.org)
- Recently, the theoretical approaches have been presented the band structures 3 of alone layer of graphite and h-BN whilefor a layer of graphite which called graphene, 2 bands cross each other at the Fermi 3 energies. (orientjchem.org)
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes can simply be thought of as a rolled up single sheet of graphite joined at the edges. (dur.ac.uk)
- 3D hybrid nanostructures connecting 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 2D graphene have attracted more and more attentions due to their excellent chemical, physical and electrical properties. (mdpi.com)
- The obtained 3D N-CNTs/N-graphene exhibits high graphitization, a regular 3D structure and excellent nitrogen doping and good mesoporosity. (mdpi.com)
- Another paper explores field emission properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with boron doping and H 2 O adsorption using ab initio calculations. (hindawi.com)
- A different paper addresses nitrogen-doped CNTs synthesized by pyrolysis of (4-{[(pyridine-4-yl)methylidene]amino}phenyl) ferrocene in a solution of either acetonitrile or toluene as carbon source. (hindawi.com)
- In the last part of the study a variant of CNT is synthesized in which large diameter, few-walled CNTs spontaneously transform to a collapsed ribbon shape structure, the so called collapsed carbon nanotube (CCNT). (diva-portal.org)
- The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been combined with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) through the amidation reaction.The hybrid catalyst of g-C 3 N 4-CNTs with well-defined and stable structure exhibits efficient catalytic performance (32.6 μmol h −1) for photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production in the presence of formic acid under visible light. (seclusiasis.com)
- 3 ] mixed graphene and CNTs to make a nanocomposite as a gene transfection. (intechopen.com)
- Also, simultaneous etching complicates the PECVD-based growth process of CNTs and graphene considerably. (uantwerpen.be)
- The hybrid carbon nanostructures composed of an array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a self-organised planar graphene multi-layer (PGL) located at the top of the array (CNT-PGL nanostructures) have been obtained by the floating catalyst CVD method. (environmental-expert.com)
- This planar layer is a layered-graphitic structure 'graphene multi-layer' and is connected with CNTs through the catalyst nanoparticles. (environmental-expert.com)
- Strong chemical bonds between transition metal oxides and carbon materials which enable fast electron transfer kinetics are highly required in supercapacitor electrodes. (rsc.org)
- In order to widen the potential application of supercapacitors, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are assembled using Mn 3 O 4 -rGO as positive electrodes and active carbon as negative electrodes. (rsc.org)
- Current developments allow to create flexible and binder-free electrodes based on graphene materials or nanotubes, and it makes them promising for use in wearable electronic equipment. (innoget.com)
- Specifically, this book explores the application of graphene in membranes, electrodes, biological applications and catalysis. (novapublishers.com)
- Some fundamental work exploring nanostructures and transport properties is included and the use for such material as sensors, membranes or electrodes is discussed extensively. (novapublishers.com)
- One of the reasons for the current interest in graphene is the great potential for transparent and conductive electrodes in solar cells. (nanowerk.com)
- Graphene is an ideal 2D material which can be assembled into film electrodes with good transparency, high conductivity, and low roughness. (nanowerk.com)
- In contrast to the conventional high-surface-area materials, the effective surface area of graphene materials as capacitor electrodes does not depend on the distribution of pores in a solid state, which is different from the current supercapacitors fabricated with activated carbons and carbon nanotubes. (nanowerk.com)
- Large scale α-Co(OH) 2 needle arrays grown on carbon nanotube foams as free standing electrodes for supercapacitors. (springer.com)
- A high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor based on Co(OH) 2 /graphene and activated carbon electrodes. (springer.com)
- In this study Boron nitride sheet has been localized inside two X-graphene electrodes as an option to enhance electrochemical ratio. (orientjchem.org)
- A paper about the work, "Enhancing Electrochemical Detection on Graphene Oxide-CNT Nanostructured Electrodes Using Magneto-Nanobioprobes," was published November 19 in Nature Scientific Reports. (pddnet.com)
- 8. V.V. Mitrofanov, M.M. Slepchenkov, G.Zhang, O.E. Glukhova Hybrid carbon nanotube-graphene monolayer films: Regularities of structure, electronic and optical properties // Carbon 2017. (famous-scientists.ru)
- P. Boehm reported producing monolayer flakes of reduced graphene oxide in 1962. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite its scientific importance in the last decade, none of these methods has been able to determine all phonons of a freestanding monolayer of two dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and their local variations within a graphene nanoribbon, which are in turn used as active elements in nano- and optoelectronics. (gatan.com)
- Herein, anatase nitrogen-doped TiO 2 (N-TiO 2 ) nanoparticles with exposed {001} facets deposited on the graphene (GR) sheets (N-TiO 2 -001/GR) were synthesized for the first time via a one-step solvothermal synthetic route using NH 4 F as the morphology-controlling agent. (springer.com)
- The researchers' new concept combines the advantages carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide together with electrochemical bursting of magnetic gold nanoparticles into a large number of metal ions. (pddnet.com)
- Dr Vimalanathan has also used the VFD to assemble nanoscale carbon spheres, commonly known as buckyballs (C60), into crystalline nanotubules without stabilising agents and without trapping solvent molecules during crystallisation. (edu.au)
- Different physical forms of carbon materials in nanoscale, including thin films, graphene foams or sponges, carbon nanotube forests, carbon fibers, carbon nanowalls, and porous carbon materials, can lead to a variety of functions. (hindawi.com)
- A large portion of this chapter is then devoted to the highlights of specific functionalization of graphene papers with polymer and nanoscale functional building blocks for electrochemical-sensing purposes. (intechopen.com)
- Understanding of physico-chemical phenomena at the nanoscale. (ikerbasque.net)
- Cerium dioxide: Nanoscale cerium dioxide is used in electronics, plastics, biomedical supplies, energy, fuel additives, and other consumer products Apr 15, 2020 · Carbon nanotubes lower the transformation temperature of glassy carbon, possibly aiding manufacturers, MIT researchers report. (seclusiasis.com)
- DNA frame, we report a facile approach of engineering chemical reactions between nanoscale building blocks toward formation of controlled nano-architectures. (bioportfolio.com)
- For the new study, published in the journal Nature Materials, scientists demonstrated that carbon nanotubes can be used as nanoscale chemical reactors. (futurity.org)
- When the polymer is baked with KOH at temperatures over 500 degrees Celsius (932 degrees Fahrenheit), it becomes a highly porous filter, full of nanoscale channels that can trap carbon. (nanotech-now.com)
- These nanoscale graphenes exhibit finite bandgaps because of quantum confinement, making them attractive as next-generation semiconductors. (mpg.de)
- International Steering Committee for Carbon 2017 , Melbourne. (ox.ac.uk)
- Due to their high flexibility, lightweight and good electrical conductivity, graphene papers have demonstrated the promising potential for crucial applications in electrochemical sensors and energy technologies among others. (intechopen.com)
- In this chapter, we present some examples to overview recent advances in the research and development of two-dimensional (2D) graphene papers as new materials for electrochemical sensors. (intechopen.com)
- In terms of electrochemical-sensing applications, the emphasis is on enzyme-graphene and nanoparticle-graphene paper-based systems for the detection of glucose. (intechopen.com)
- Electrochemical sensors can ideally fulfil that goal by converting a chemical or a biological response into a processable and quantifiable signal. (intechopen.com)
- It may also allow the creation of partitions and cavities with varying electrochemical potential, more acidic or basic, depending on the curvature in the 3-D carbon architecture. (nanowerk.com)
- In analogy to lithium-ion technology, bilayer graphene is employed as an electrode in an electrochemical cell for the first time. (mpg.de)
- Here we report that nanometre-size N-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) catalyse the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into multi-carbon hydrocarbons and oxygenates at high Faradaic efficiencies, high current densities and low overpotentials. (rice.edu)
- Development of a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor using an antibody-single walled carbon nanotubes bio-conjugate modified electrode for label-free detection of foodborne pathogens Ulsan, Korea. (seclusiasis.com)
- The synergistic effect between the highly conductive graphene and the nanoflake Co(OH) 2 structure was responsible for the high electrochemical performance of the hybrid electrode. (springer.com)
- Laser scribing of highperformance and flexible graphene-based electrochemical capacitors. (springer.com)
- Graphene and related materials hold promise for the future of electrochemical sensors - detectors that measure the concentration of oxygen, toxic gases, and other substances - but many applications require greater sensitivity at lower detection ranges than scientists have been able to achieve. (pddnet.com)
- A Northwestern University research team and partners in India have recently developed a new method for amplifying signals in graphene oxide-based electrochemical sensors through a process called "magneto-electrochemical immunoassay. (pddnet.com)
- Graphene-based nanocomposite films have recently been used as an effective sensing platform for the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors because of their unique facile surface modification characteristics and high charge mobility. (pddnet.com)
- electrochemical and electronic device fabrication and structural and chemical characterisation of surfaces. (warwick.ac.uk)
- 8. G. E. Fernandes, J. H. Kim, A. K. Sood, and J. Xu, "Giant thermotransduction through phase-change in carbon nanotube polymer nanocomposites", Adv. Funct. (brown.edu)
- A two-step approach was reported to fabricate cobaltous hydroxide/γ- nickel oxide hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide (Co(OH) 2 /γ-NiOOH/RGO) nanocomposites on nickel foam by combining the reduction of graphene oxide with the help of reflux condensation and the subsequent hydrothermal of Co(OH) 2 on RGO. (springer.com)
- Different morphologies of zinc oxide nanostructures grown. (nal.res.in)
- Nano-Structured Bi Grown on Epitaxial Graphene/SiC. (bioportfolio.com)
- He is the head of the Chemical Physics of Low-Dimensional Nanostructures group. (tcd.ie)
- The results show that the graphene/CNT nanocomposite has moderate to low cytotoxicity, high-transfection efficiency, and great potential as a gene carrier agent in nonviral-based therapy. (intechopen.com)
- The main materials studied are graphene, carbon nanotubes, polymer inorganic nanowires and inorganic layered compounds. (tcd.ie)
- Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanowires (NWs) were prepared by the hydrothermal method. (environmental-expert.com)
- A fuel cell essentially produces electricity by converting the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water. (innovations-report.com)
- First, their operating temperature is so low that even trace amounts of carbon monoxide in hydrogen fuel will poison the fuel cell's platinum catalyst. (innovations-report.com)
- At higher temperatures, like those allowed by a membrane containing triazole, the fuel cell can tolerate much higher levels of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen fuel. (innovations-report.com)
- 3. Michael M. Slepchenkov, Pavel V. Barkov and Olga E. Glukhova High-Density Hydrogen Storage in a 2D-Matrix from Graphene Nanoblisters: A Prospective Nanomaterial for Environmentally Friendly Technologies // Crystals. (famous-scientists.ru)
- citation needed] The most commonly used catalyst is iron, often treated with sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, etc. to lower the melting point and facilitate its penetration into the pores of carbon and hence, to produce more growth sites. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary waste products are carbon dioxide and water for methanol or, from hydrogen, just water. (rice.edu)
- The lab made its latest filters by heating a polymer precursor and then treating it with a chemical activation reagent of potassium, oxygen and hydrogen, aka KOH. (nanotech-now.com)
- Carbon has a high level of chemical bonding flexibility, which lends itself to the formation of a number of stable Organic and Inorganic Molecules. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, gas-phase molecules are decomposed at high temperatures and carbon is deposited in the presence of a transition metal catalyst on a substrate where subsequent growth of the fiber around the catalyst particles is realized. (wikipedia.org)
- For instance, while fullerene molecules (zero-dimensional carbon structures) realize semiconductor behavior, two-dimensional graphene shows metallic behavior with exceptional electron mobility. (diva-portal.org)
- 1. They take the form of cylindrical carbon molecules and have novel properties that make them potentially https://www.gpebusinessschool.org/write-me-top-university-essay-on-pokemon-go useful in a wide variety of applications. (seclusiasis.com)
- The maximum concentrations achieved are the points at which the van der Waals forces overcome the interactive forces between the graphene sheets and the solvent molecules. (wikipedia.org)
- They have developed the low-accelerating voltage transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) equipped with high-order aberration correctors to visualize the atomic structures of low-dimensional materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and transition-metal dichalcogenides as well as soft matters such as organic molecules and biomaterials. (gatan.com)
- Researchers know that physical and chemical properties of molecules inserted into carbon nanotubes are different to the properties of free molecules, presenting a powerful mechanism for harnessing their functional properties, such as magnetic or optical, and for controlling their chemical reactivity. (futurity.org)
- The Rice team chemically unzipped carbon nanotubes into ribbons and then collapsed them into porous, three-dimensional aerogels, simultaneously decorating the ribbons' edges with boron and nitrogen molecules. (rice.edu)
- The mechanism of the resonance enhancement of vibration modes of the molecules adsorbed on graphene in CARS experiments is proposed. (springeropen.com)
- Transforming atmospheric N2 into molecules that can be incorporated by most organisms (N2 fixation) is either done by microorganisms or through energetically costly chemical processes (lightning strikes, Haber- Bosch (H-B) process). (uantwerpen.be)
- The main focus of this group is to conduct interdisciplinary research on the physics and chemistry of materials with an emphasis on low dimensional nanostructures. (tcd.ie)
- Inga Fischer Hjalmars Award, 2014: for the most outstanding thesis in the field of theoretical chemistry, Swedish Chemical Society, Sweden. (vscht.cz)
- Apparently, graphene chemistry is one of the best choices to solve these problems. (nanowerk.com)
- Permanent chemical anchoring using click chemistry leads to surface-active silicones. (pittstate.edu)
- Michael A. Brook, Scott E. Laengert, Ben Macphail, Robert Bui, Sijia Zheng, Alyssa F. Schneider, Mengchen Liao, Yang Chen and Jianfeng Zhang are at the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. (pittstate.edu)
- Organic chemical engineering is a branch that applies physical sciences (physical science and organic natural science), life sciences (microbiology and organic chemistry ), together with connected arithmetic and financial matters to deliver, change, transport, and appropriately utilize chemicals, materials and vitality. (chemistryconferences.org)
- Pharmacology is additionally a branch of biological chemistry, and medicines committed the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. (chemistryconferences.org)
- The research appeared in the American Chemical Society journal Chemistry of Materials . (rice.edu)
- Our research covers a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, surface physics and chemistry , with a particular focus on low-dimensional organic & carbon-based materials. (unibe.ch)
- Chemistry of Carbon Na. (degruyter.com)
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted interest and excitement across a broad spectrum of sciences from engineering, materials, chemistry, biology to medicine. (dur.ac.uk)
- Due to its superb characteristics of chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and large surface area, graphene has been proposed as a competitive material for supercapacitor applications. (nanowerk.com)
- Herein, we report for the first time an efficient one-step approach to synthesize conductive Ti 3+ self-doped carbon-coated TiO 2 anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hollow nanospheres. (rsc.org)
- The researchers used graphene as a transparent conductive oxide thin film. (intechopen.com)
- The Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has developed a novel technology of embedding highly conductive nanostructure into semi-conductor nanofibre. (ft.lk)
- The Graphene Science Handbook is a six-volume set that describes graphene's special structural, electrical, and chemical properties. (routledge.com)
- Some of Häkkinen's work after 2010 was related to the structural and chemical properties of metal nanoparticle/bionanoparticle (virus) hybrids. (wikipedia.org)
- The strong bonds between Mn 3 O 4 and graphene result in fast charge transport, uniform distribution, increased active sites and enhanced structural stability. (rsc.org)
- For example, they have resistance to acidic or basic media, structural stability at high temperatures in the absence of air, and tunable chemical nature of hydrophobicity. (hindawi.com)
- This thesis focuses on synthesizing SWCNT and different C 60 one-dimensional structures as well as tuning their properties by means of different chemical and structural modification. (diva-portal.org)
- Many critical problems are still waiting for efficient solutions, particularly regarding the precise structural engineering of graphene, which is crucial for both bandgap adjustment and building-block functionalization. (nanowerk.com)
- 7 pairs that, graphically, may be iteratively propagated in the graphene layer, originating a new interesting structural defect called here Stone-Wales wave. (mdpi.com)
- The characteristic structural features of the prepared materials were characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (diva-portal.org)
- They use Renishaw`s structural and chemical analyser (SCA) interface to bring the Raman. (environmental-expert.com)
- While transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of few layer graphene, Raman spectra bear the characteristics of single layer graphene with a relative low defect density indicating that the interaction between layers is reduced in FLG powders. (nsti.org)
- The goals of this paper are to identify the correspondence between available notations, to calculate the optical modes of graphene in different points of the Brillouin zone, and to compare them with experimental data obtained by Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy. (springeropen.com)
- Here, we want to give two main used notations in literature [ 4 , 5 ] for easy interpretation of Raman spectra and dispersion of graphene. (springeropen.com)
- Dispersion is not universally recognized characteristics in contrast to Raman spectra which is a passport for graphene and graphene-based materials. (springeropen.com)
- That is why we calculate, visualize, and compare the optical modes in graphene in different points of the Brillouin zone with Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) experiment data. (springeropen.com)
- Here, we discussed a resonant character of conventional Raman and CARS spectra for graphene. (springeropen.com)
- The fundamental characteristics (morphology, elemental composition and structure) of these nanostructures were characterised by Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Auger and Raman spectroscopy. (environmental-expert.com)
- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and MMWCNTs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. (environmental-expert.com)
- The potential graphene application includes photoelectric elements, various medical applications, adsorbents for environmental pollutants, and use as a semiconductor material. (intechopen.com)
- Semiconductor made into nanofibre of diameter as small as 60nm (less than 1/1,000 of a human hair) have been widely used in modern daily life photonic devices (such as solar cells, photocatalyst for cleaning the environment), and non-photonic devices (such as chemical-biological sensor, lithium battery). (ft.lk)
- The novel semiconductor nanofibre so produced has superb conductivity, which provides a graphene superhighway for electrons to transport more quickly to oxide the absorbed pollutants. (ft.lk)
- Such novel semiconductor nanofibre can convert about 90% of NO to NO2, a 35% increase compared to composite without graphene. (ft.lk)
- Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have discovered that large area graphene is able to preserve electron spin over an extended period, and communicate it over greater distances than had previously been known. (phys.org)
- A team of researchers from the University of Southampton's Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) has developed a new way to fabricate a potential challenger to graphene. (phys.org)
- But researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have pinpointed a chemical that could allow PEM fuel cells to operate at a much higher temperature without moisture, potentially meaning that polymer fuel cells could be made much more cheaply than ever before and finally run at temperatures high enough to make them practical for use in cars and small electronics. (innovations-report.com)
- A team lead by Dr. Meilin Liu, a professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Georgia Tech, has discovered that a chemical called triazole is significantly more effective than similar chemicals researchers have explored to increase conductivity and reduce moisture dependence in polymer membranes. (innovations-report.com)
- The Rice lab of Boris Yakobson in collaboration with researchers in Moscow found the effect is pronounced and predictable in nanocones and should apply equally to other forms of graphene. (nanowerk.com)
- The researchers discovered it may be possible to access what they call an electronic flexoelectric effect in which the electronic properties of a sheet of graphene can be manipulated simply by twisting it a certain way. (nanowerk.com)
- Researchers' evaluations of graphene as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction with chlorophenols when applied to the analysis of river water samples had recoveries above 77.2% [ 5 ]. (intechopen.com)
- With this pilot experiment using graphene nanostructures these researchers have shown the uniqueness of their approach, which will be published in the latest issue of Nature. (gatan.com)
- The researchers used tiny magnetic particles encapsulated in inert coating of silicon dioxide to make core-shell nanostructures with favorable magnetic properties of metallic iron while preventing them from oxidation or significant degradation. (pddnet.com)
- The book considers how these properties can be used in different applications (including the development of batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, and supercapacitors based on graphene) and produced on a massive and global scale. (routledge.com)
- This surface-confined strategy may pave a way for realizing strong chemical bonds between hollow oxides and carbon-based materials for high performance supercapacitors. (rsc.org)
- Russian Laboratory of Academic Novosibirsk University, specializing in the area of electrode materials research, developed a technology of hybrid nanostructures, having high electrical capacity, for supercapacitors creation. (innoget.com)
- Graphene is also emerging as highly attractive materials for mass market applications such as graphene batteries or graphene supercapacitors . (nanowerk.com)
- Background research was conducted and it revealed that there are four primary methods for generating plasma in PECVD systems: Direct current (DC), RF triode, inductively coupled, and microwave This paper presents a brief overview of supercapacitors based on a broad research paper carbon nanotubes pdf survey Carbon Aerogels Carbon Nanotubes Supercapacitors. (seclusiasis.com)
- Graphene-based materials for flexible supercapacitors. (springer.com)
- Jiang H, Lee P S, Li C. 3D carbon based nanostructures for advanced supercapacitors. (springer.com)
- Nitrogen-superdoped 3D graphene networks for high-performance supercapacitors. (springer.com)
- Moreover the possibility to even further tune these fascinating properties by means of doping, chemical modification and combining carbon based sub-classes into new hybrid structures make the carbon nanostructure even more interesting for practical application. (diva-portal.org)
- Carbon Nanotubes have many translate the word essay to spanish structures, differing in length, thickness, and in the type of helicity research paper carbon nanotubes pdf and number of layers. (seclusiasis.com)
- Controllable growth of metal nano-structures on epitaxial graphene (EG) is particularly interesting and important for the applications in electric devices. (bioportfolio.com)
- These methods afford, on different production scales, a wide range of graphene structures of different sizes, shapes and quality (defect density, edge roughness and so on). (mpg.de)
- Gerasimenko, O.E. Glukhova, G.V. Savostyanov, V.M. Podgaetsky Laser structuring of carbon nanotubes in the albumin matrix for the creation of composite biostructures // J. Biomed. (famous-scientists.ru)
- Gerasimenko, O.E. Glukhova , G.V. Savostyanov , M.S. Savelyev, L.P. Ichkitidze, Y.P. Masloboev, S.V. Selishchev, V.M. Podgaetsky Laser Structuring of Carbon Nanoframe in a Protein Matrix for the Creation of 3-D Composite Materials and Coatings for Applications in Tissue Engineering // Proc. (famous-scientists.ru)
- 16. O.E. Glukhova, M.M. Slepchenkov, D.S. Shmygin Nanoindentation of a new graphene/phospholipid composite: a numerical simulation. (famous-scientists.ru)
- As carbon is readily available at low cost, CNFs are popular additives to composite materials. (wikipedia.org)
- Graphene has great potential to be used for low-cost, flexible, and highly efficient photovoltaic devices due to its excellent electron-transport properties and extremely high carrier mobility. (nanowerk.com)
- As of 2014 exfoliation produced graphene with the lowest number of defects and highest electron mobility. (wikipedia.org)
- A scanning electron microscope image, left, and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope image show an activated, sulfur-containing porous carbon sample. (nanotech-now.com)
- Archana Pandey, Abhishek Prasad, Jason P. Moscatello, Mark Engelhard, Chongmin Wang, Yoke Khin Yap, " Very Stable Electron Field Emission from Strontium Titanate Coated Carbon Nanotube Matrices with Low Emission Thresholds ," ACS Nano 7, 117 (2013). (mtu.edu)
- The figure, above right, shows a f iltered high-resolution transmission electron micrograph of a graphene sheet produced in our laboratory. (dur.ac.uk)
- The results were attributed to a cooperative effect of the hybridization of TiO 2 with rGO, Ti 3+ self-doping and the formation of a carbon-coating layer over the TiO 2 particles. (rsc.org)
- Considerable interest has been drawn in the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of nanosized carbon particles due to their excellent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Growth of large area of high-quality graphene was developed on metal substrates [ 10 ], and individual graphene sheets can be also prepared by micromechanical cleavage [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Optical modes of single-layer graphene were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions (PBC) and STO-3G basis with the correlation functional VWN5. (springeropen.com)
- Often carbon monoxide (CO) is introduced in the gas flow to increase the carbon yield through reduction of possible iron oxides in the system. (wikipedia.org)
- Among the electrocatalysts screened so far for carbon dioxide reduction, which includes metals, alloys, organometallics, layered materials and carbon nanostructures, only copper exhibits selectivity towards formation of hydrocarbons and multi-carbon oxygenates at fairly high efficiencies, whereas most others favour production of carbon monoxide or formate. (rice.edu)
- The C2 and C3 product distribution and production rate for NGQD-catalysed carbon dioxide reduction is comparable to those obtained with copper nanoparticle-based electrocatalysts. (rice.edu)
- A rapid thermal annealing process is demonstrated for defect reduction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a DC vacuum arc discharge system. (nsti.org)
- Carbon nanotubes can be chemically modified by attaching various functionalities to their surfaces, although harsh chemical treatments can lead to their break-up into graphene nanostructures. (rice.edu)
- After completing his PhD in the Chemical-Physics of Surfaces and Processes group he joined the Technical Ceramics group of the Institute of Glass and Ceramic (ICV-CSIC), where he developed graphene reinforced glass-ceramic coating for the aerospace industry until he joined the ACRG at Queen's University Belfast at the beginning of 2016. (qub.ac.uk)
- Specific and Non-Specific Interactions on Non-Porous Carbon Black Surfaces A. Andreu, H. F. Stoeckli* and R H Bradley. (ox.ac.uk)
- Polar and Dispersion Interactions at Carbon Surfaces - Further Development of the XPS Based Model R.H. Bradley, R. Daley and F. Le Goff, Carbon, 3, 1173-1179, 2002. (ox.ac.uk)
- 01.2003 - 12.2010: Senior scientist, group leader "Molecular nanostructures" [email protected] Laboratory, Swiss Federal Lab. (unibe.ch)
- The PIG hybrid was chemically activated at temperatures of 400-800 °C, which resulted in nitrogen (N)-doped graphene sheets. (nih.gov)
- Subtle adjustments in the manufacture of a polymer-based carbon sorbent make it the best-known material either for capturing the greenhouse gas or balancing carbon capture with methane selectivity, according to Rice chemist Andrew Barron. (nanotech-now.com)
- Making filters with a 3-to-1 ratio of KOH to polymer gave it a surface area of 2,700 square meters per gram and maximized carbon dioxide uptake under pressures of 5 to 30 bar. (nanotech-now.com)
- The chapter covers the design, fabrication, functionalization and application evaluations of graphene papers. (intechopen.com)
- We first summarize the mainstream methods for fabrication of graphene papers/membranes, with the focus on chemical vapour deposition techniques and solution-processing assembly approaches. (intechopen.com)
- It is one of the most important needs to develop renewable, scalable and multifunctional methods for the fabrication of 3D carbon architectures. (rice.edu)
- The types, fabrication, and the sensing mechanisms of the carbon nanotubes based gas sensors are discussed. (seclusiasis.com)
- Numerous fabrication methods for various types of graphenes have been developed, which can generally be categorized into 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' procedures. (mpg.de)
- Electrode materials on the basis of carbon nanostructures, electr. (innoget.com)
- To achieve this capacity it is necessary to use electrode materials with a large surface area, high conductivity, and chemical stability. (innoget.com)
- The energy densities and performances of rechargeable lithium ion batteries - which are used widely in portable electronics such as cell phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, etc. - largely depend on the physical and chemical properties of the electrode materials. (nanowerk.com)
- It is expected that this research could offer a simple method to prepare graphene-based electrode materials. (springer.com)
- Mechanical Properties of Graphene Sheets (Graphene Science Handbook. (famous-scientists.ru)
- Additionally, graphene also has potential to be used as photoactive material, since its bandgap and band-position can be induced and tuned via chemical functionalization or by controlling the size of the graphene sheets. (nanowerk.com)
- This unusual combination offers unprecedented direct access to the motion of lithium-ions that may be reversibly inserted in between the two carbon sheets of bilayer graphene. (mpg.de)
- For example, a graphene hydrogel, made from the self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets via a hydrothermal process, had a 3D porous structure, high specific surface area (530 m 2 g −1 ) and large pore volume (0.66 cm 3 g −1 ), and consequently showed great promise for CO 2 adsorption and separation applications 13 . (nature.com)
- Using a suitable ionic liquid as the dispersing liquid medium produced concentrations of 5.33 mg/mL . Graphene concentration produced by this method is very low, because nothing prevents the sheets from restacking due to van der Waals forces. (wikipedia.org)
- The graphene sheets are adsorbed to the high energy interface between the heptane and the water, where they are kept from restacking. (wikipedia.org)
- A polyindole-reduced graphene oxide (PIG) hybrid was synthesized by reducing graphene oxide sheets in the presence of polyindole. (nih.gov)
- The N-doped graphene sheets are microporous with an adsorption pore size of 0.6 nm for CO2 and show a maximum (Brunauer, Emmet and Teller) surface area of 936 m(2) g(-1). (nih.gov)
- Various experiments have accomplished for confirming the utilization of graphene in the forms of nano-sheets or nano-ribbons for enhancing lithium storage 9 capacities and for improving recharge performance 9-11 . (orientjchem.org)
- Like carbon nanotubes, which can be considered to be a rolled up sheet of graphene, the material has exceptional electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. (dur.ac.uk)
- Often overlooked is the potential formation of graphene derivatives under currently approximated early Earth conditions. (jbsdonline.com)
- 4 ] used magnetic graphene/chitosan for the removal of acid orange 7. (intechopen.com)
- From the results, it was found that the magnetic graphene/chitosan can effectively remove the anionic azo dyes from wastewater. (intechopen.com)
- This paper reports a facile method for removal of sulfate from wastewater by magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MMWCNTs). (environmental-expert.com)
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are similar in certain respects but they also have striking differences. (seclusiasis.com)
- Herein, an oxygen vacancy assisted hydroxyl modification method is proposed to encapsulate Mn 3 O 4 hollow spheres with controlled shell numbers in reduced graphene oxide (Mn 3 O 4 -rGO). (rsc.org)
- We discuss various synthetic techniques for polymerization and planarization steps, possible approaches for chemical modification of GNRs, and compare the properties of GNRs that could be achieved by different synthetic methods. (degruyter.com)
- Electroreduction of carbon dioxide into higher-energy liquid fuels and chemicals is a promising but challenging renewable energy conversion technology. (rice.edu)
- We have shown PIG as a material for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2). (nih.gov)
- The material created at Rice University can be tuned to balance carbon dioxide sequestration and methane selectivity. (nanotech-now.com)
- Natural gas producers want to draw all the methane they can from a well while sequestering as much carbon dioxide as possible, and could use filters that optimize either carbon capture or methane flow. (nanotech-now.com)
- That resulted in the optimum combination of carbon dioxide uptake and methane selectivity. (nanotech-now.com)
- Not only can these materials be used for carbon dioxide separation from natural gas, but they are also models for carbon dioxide sequestration in a natural resource. (nanotech-now.com)
- Another objective is to realize spintronic devices, for instance by implementing strong spin-splitting into a quantum well state, or hybridizing molecular magnets with carbon nanostructures. (mpg.de)
- Quantum chemical approaches to the description of the electronic structure of real materials can be used to predict even strong electronic correlation effects with high accuracy. (mpg.de)
- Fundamental modes of graphene layer at the Г (D 6h ), K (D 3h ), and M (D 2h ) points of the Brillouin zone were identified by using the apparatus of the quantum-mechanical projection operator. (springeropen.com)
- However, since graphene is a semimetal, it does not have an energy bandgap, which prevents its use in logic devices [ 1 b, 4 ]. (degruyter.com)
- Numerous studies have focused on different ways to open a bandgap in graphene. (degruyter.com)
- DNA Computing Using Carbon Nanotube-DNA Hybrid Nanostructure. (igi-global.com)
- Doping of nitrogen in hybrid nanostructure: Ammonia plasma. (cdc.gov)
- Meanwhile, hollow transition metal oxide nanostructures have promising potential for advanced energy storage applications. (rsc.org)
- Classifications vary function of the field of nanostructure applications. (igi-global.com)
- The competitive advantage of these miniaturised products stems from a new technology of electronic x-ray tube using carbon nano-tube (CNT) field emission devices, enabling the miniaturisation of a number of x-ray applications relevant to large global markets. (edu.au)
- 9. Carbon nanotubes for gas sensing applications : principles and transducers / Michele Penza. (worldcat.org)
- Recently, we have demonstrated that xGnP can be an inexpensive alternative to carbon nanotubes and carbon black as an advantageous support for fuel cell applications, which has the highest thermal-oxidation resistance and the highest degree of graphitization [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- As a result, a decade after the first experimental studies of graphene, there is an active discussion of how graphene's properties will be implemented in a broad spectrum of applications in the near future [ 1 a, 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
- One of the most highly praised properties of graphene, its exceptionally high charge-carrier mobilities, makes it promising for electronics applications [ 1 a, 2 , 3 ]. (degruyter.com)
- In recent years, carbon nanotube or CNT research has reached a new peak with its various applications including nano-biocomputing. (igi-global.com)
- Precise monitoring of chemical or biological processes is of extreme importance for medical and biological applications. (intechopen.com)
- Suitable technologies are necessary for implementation of broad application areas, especially for equipping components for systems of these applications with chemical, electrochemically and photochemically effective function elements. (inp-greifswald.de)
- A rapidly increasing list of graphene production techniques have been developed to enable graphene 's use in commercial applications. (wikipedia.org)
- High-performance supercapacitor applications of NiO-nanoparticle-decorated millimeterlong vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays via an effective supercritical CO2-assisted method. (springer.com)
- Graphene has received worldwide attention as result of the 2010 Nobel Prize for Physics and the exceptional properties and growing number of applications of graphene. (ceramics.org)
- It has even been suggested that graphene could outperform carbon nanotubes in some of these applications. (dur.ac.uk)
- However, many possible applications of nanotubes, from use as components in electronics to chemical and biological sensors, can only be realized through chemical control. (dur.ac.uk)
- It shows that the films mainly exhibited the feature of amorphous carbon when W concentration in the films was less than 4.38 at. (hindawi.com)
- Graphene has attracted enormous attention due to its extraordinary combination of electronic, mechanical, thermal and optical properties [ 1 ]. (degruyter.com)
- These hybrid superstructures have been extensively studied both at theoretical and experimental base due to their interesting mechanical, chemical, optoelectronic, catalytic, and electronic properties. (frontiersin.org)
- Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers were used for https://fablesounds.com/uncategorized/sample-cover-letter-records-clerk enhancing the mechanical properties of cementitious materials (Tyson, 2011). (seclusiasis.com)
- Graphene is a fascinating material with unique properties, such as extreme mechanical strength, ultrahigh electrical and thermal conductivities and remarkable transparency. (mpg.de)
- Our research focuses on the study of low-dimensional nanostructures including graphene, inorganic 2D nanosheets and carbon nanotubes. (tcd.ie)
- This Research Topic is not limited to all-carbon hybrids but also extended to carbon superstructures combining a carbon form with another inorganic, organic or organic-inorganic nanomaterial (e.g. clays, LDHs, chalcogenides, MOFs, other 2D materials, etc). (frontiersin.org)