Gram negative aerobic bacteria. Medical search

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.

A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine.

Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A large group of anaerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the Gram-staining method.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

A group of gram-negative bacteria consisting of rod- and coccus-shaped cells. They are both aerobic (able to grow under an air atmosphere) and microaerophilic (grow better in low concentrations of oxygen) under nitrogen-fixing conditions but, when supplied with a source of fixed nitrogen, they grow as aerobes.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Gram-negative bacteria occurring in the lower intestinal tracts of man and other animals. It is the most common species of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human soft tissue infections.

The salinated water of OCEANS AND SEAS that provides habitat for marine organisms.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

A broad range of biologically active compounds which occur naturally in plants having important medicinal and nutritional properties.

The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

An order of gram-positive, primarily aerobic BACTERIA that tend to form branching filaments.

A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of humans. Its organisms are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremias and soft tissue infections.

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A family in the order Rhodobacterales, class ALPHAPROTEOBACTERIA.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.

Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.

A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.

Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.

Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria characterized by an outer membrane that contains glycosphingolipids but lacks lipopolysaccharide. They have the ability to degrade a broad range of substituted aromatic compounds.

Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.

Sensitive method for detection of bacterial endotoxins and endotoxin-like substances that depends on the in vitro gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), prepared from the circulating blood (amebocytes) of the horseshoe crab, by the endotoxin or related compound. Used for detection of endotoxin in body fluids and parenteral pharmaceuticals.

A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells.

Former kingdom, located on Korea Peninsula between Sea of Japan and Yellow Sea on east coast of Asia. In 1948, the kingdom ceased and two independent countries were formed, divided by the 38th parallel.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.

Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.

An infant during the first month after birth.

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins.

Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.

Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

A pattern recognition receptor that interacts with LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 96 and LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES. It mediates cellular responses to GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide using elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A phylum of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised of chemoheterotrophs and chemoautotrophs which derive nutrients from decomposition of organic material.

RFLP of rRNA genes and sequencing of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: a phylogenetic approach. (1/555)

It has been established that 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny gives a low resolution between members of the chemoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) belonging to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. In this study, 12 isolates of AOB were ribotyped, and the sequences of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) were determined and used in a phylogenetic study. 16S and 23S rDNA ribotyping revealed that the AOB studied contain only one rrn operon per genome, in contrast to most bacteria, which have 5-10 copies of the rRNA genes per genome. It is likely that the presence of only one set of rRNA genes is related to the slow growth of the AOB. The 16S and 23S rRNA genes of the AOB were shown to be arranged in the classical way: a 16S rRNA gene, an ISR and a 23S rRNA gene. Despite the close phylogenetic relationship among the AOB, the relative location of the rRNA genes in the genome appears to vary considerably. The size of the ISR was approximately 400 bp in the Nitrosomonas isolates and 645-694 bp in the Nitrosospira isolates, suggesting a species-specific size difference in the ISR. The ISR contained two potential tRNA genes in the 5' end in all isolates studied. The similarity values between the ISR sequences of the AOB are low (42.9-96.2%) compared with the 16S rDNA sequence similarity values, and therefore the ISR sequences are valuable as a complementary phylogenetic tool in combination with 16S rRNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis of the AOB based on ISR sequences confirms the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny but has the benefit of giving a higher resolution. (+info)

Roseovarius tolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a budding bacterium with variable bacteriochlorophyll a production from hypersaline Ekho Lake. (2/555)

Eight Gram-negative, aerobic, pointed and budding bacteria were isolated from various depths of the hypersaline, heliothermal and meromictic Ekho Lake (Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica). The cells contained storage granules and daughter cells could be motile. Bacteriochlorophyll a was sometimes produced, but production was repressed by constant dim light. The strains tolerated a wide range of temperature, pH, concentrations of artificial seawater and NaCl, but had an absolute requirement for sodium ions. Glutamate was metabolized with and without an additional source of combined nitrogen. The dominant fatty acid was C18:1; other characteristic fatty acids were C18:2, C12:0 2-OH, C12:1 3-OH, C16:1, C16:0 and C18:0. The main polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G+C base composition was 62-64 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the isolates were phylogenetically close to the genera Antarctobacter, 'Marinosulfonomonas', Octadecabacter, Sagittula, Sulfitobacter and Roseobacter. Morphological, physiological and genotypic differences to these previously described and distinct genera support the description of a new genus and a new species, Roseovarius tolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is EL-172T (= DSM 11457T). (+info)

Complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199. (3/555)

The complete 184,457-bp sequence of the aromatic catabolic plasmid, pNL1, from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199 has been determined. A total of 186 open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted to encode proteins, of which 79 are likely directly associated with catabolism or transport of aromatic compounds. Genes that encode enzymes associated with the degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, m-xylene, and p-cresol are predicted to be distributed among 15 gene clusters. The unusual coclustering of genes associated with different pathways appears to have evolved in response to similarities in biochemical mechanisms required for the degradation of intermediates in different pathways. A putative efflux pump and several hypothetical membrane-associated proteins were identified and predicted to be involved in the transport of aromatic compounds and/or intermediates in catabolism across the cell wall. Several genes associated with integration and recombination, including two group II intron-associated maturases, were identified in the replication region, suggesting that pNL1 is able to undergo integration and excision events with the chromosome and/or other portions of the plasmid. Conjugative transfer of pNL1 to another Sphingomonas sp. was demonstrated, and genes associated with this function were found in two large clusters. Approximately one-third of the ORFs (59 of them) have no obvious homology to known genes. (+info)

Overexpression of the alanine carrier protein gene from thermophilic bacterium PS3 in Escherichia coli. (4/555)

The alanine transporter (alanine carrier protein, ACP) gene of thermophilic bacterium PS3 was previously cloned and expressed in a functionally active form in Escherichia coli cells. To achieve controlled overproduction of the ACP protein, we designed a plasmid encoding a fusion protein comprising ACP joined to the carboxyl terminus of the maltose binding protein (MBP-ACP). Upon transduction of the plasmid into E. coli RM1 cells defective in alanine/glycine transport, the transport activity was expressed even before induction with 1-thio-beta-D-galacto-pyranoside (IPTG), and increased slightly on induction with IPTG at low concentrations. However, overexpression of the MBP-ACP gene, induced by higher concentrations of IPTG, resulted in death of the host cells. Hence we screened other host cells and found that the MBP-ACP fusion protein was produced in a large quantity in E. coli TB1 cells 3 h after IPTG induction. The MBP-ACP fusion protein was accumulated in cytoplasmic membranes in an amount reaching more than 20% of the total membrane protein. The affinity-purified MBP-ACP exhibited very low transport activity when reconstituted into proteoliposomes. (+info)

Procedure for expediting determinations of antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative, urinary tract pathogens. (5/555)

Standardized direct disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing on monomicrobial urine specimens is compared with the Food and Drug Administration method. The direct procedure yields acceptable data and may conserve 24 h in reporting results. (+info)

Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) without subsequent degradation by Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. (6/555)

A Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava strain was able to synthesize poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] having a high level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid monomer unit (4HB) from gamma-butyrolactone. In a two-step process in which the first step involved production of cells containing a minimum amount of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB)] and the second step involved polyester accumulation from the lactone, approximately 5 to 10 mol% of the 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) derived from the first-step culture was unavoidably reincorporated into the polymer in the second cultivation step. Reincorporation of the 3HB units produced from degradation of the first-step residual P(3HB) was confirmed by high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In order to synthesize 3HB-free poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(4HB)] homopolymer, a three-stage cultivation technique was developed by adding a nitrogen addition step, which completely removed the residual P(3HB). The resulting polymer was free of 3HB. However, when the strain was grown on gamma-butyrolactone as the sole carbon source in a synthesis medium, a copolyester of P(3HB-co-4HB) containing 45 mol% 3HB was produced. One-step cultivation on gamma-butyrolactone required a rather long induction time (3 to 4 days). On the basis of the results of an enzymatic study performed with crude extracts, we suggest that the inability of cells to produce 3HB in the multistep culture was due to a low level of 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4HBA) dehydrogenase activity, which resulted in a low level of acetyl coenzyme A. Thus, 3HB formation from gamma-butyrolactone is driven by a high level of 4HBA dehydrogenase activity induced by long exposure to gamma-butyrolactone, as is the case for a one-step culture. In addition, intracellular degradation kinetics studies showed that P(3HB) in cells was completely degraded within 30 h of cultivation after being transferred to a carbon-free mineral medium containing additional ammonium sulfate, while P(3HB-co-4HB) containing 5 mol% 3HB and 95 mol% 4HB was totally inert in interactions with the intracellular depolymerases. Intracellular inertness could be a useful factor for efficient synthesis of the P(4HB) homopolymer and of 4HB-rich P(3HB-co-4HB) by the strain used in this study. (+info)

Amino acid composition of peptidoglycan in Caulobacter crescentus. (7/555)

Peptidoglycan of a gram-negative stalked bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus CB13, contained alanine, diaminopimelic acid, and glutamic acid, in molar ratios of 2 : 1 : 1. The amino acid compositions of peptidoglycans isolated from cultures enriched in swarmer and stalked cells, and from a stalk-less mutant were similar. This finding conflicts with a previous observation that swarmer peptidoglycan does not contain diaminopimelic acid (Goodwin and Shedlarski (1975) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 170, 23-36). It appears that, despite the morphological differences, the Caulobacter cells all contain a similar peptidoglycan in the cell wall. (+info)

A corrinoid-dependent catabolic pathway for growth of a Methylobacterium strain with chloromethane. (8/555)

Methylobacterium sp. strain CM4, an aerobic methylotrophic alpha-proteobacterium, is able to grow with chloromethane as a carbon and energy source. Mutants of this strain that still grew with methanol, methylamine, or formate, but were unable to grow with chloromethane, were previously obtained by miniTn5 mutagenesis. The transposon insertion sites in six of these mutants mapped to two distinct DNA fragments. The sequences of these fragments, which extended over more than 17 kb, were determined. Sequence analysis, mutant properties, and measurements of enzyme activity in cell-free extracts allowed the definition of a multistep pathway for the conversion of chloromethane to formate. The methyl group of chloromethane is first transferred by the protein CmuA (cmu: chloromethane utilization) to a corrinoid protein, from where it is transferred to H4folate by CmuB. Both CmuA and CmuB display sequence similarity to methyltransferases of methanogenic archaea. In its C-terminal part, CmuA is also very similar to corrinoid-binding proteins, indicating that it is a bifunctional protein consisting of two domains that are expressed as separate polypeptides in methyl transfer systems of methanogens. The methyl group derived from chloromethane is then processed by means of pterine-linked intermediates to formate by a pathway that appears to be distinct from those already described in Methylobacterium. Remarkable features of this pathway for the catabolism of chloromethane thus include the involvement of a corrinoid-dependent methyltransferase system for dehalogenation in an aerobe and a set of enzymes specifically involved in funneling the C1 moiety derived from chloromethane into central metabolism. (+info)

Gram-negative bacterial infections can be difficult to treat because these bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. In addition, some gram-negative bacteria produce enzymes called beta-lactamases, which break down the penicillin ring of many antibiotics, making them ineffective against the infection.

Some common types of gram-negative bacterial infections include:

* Pneumonia
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
* Bloodstream infections (sepsis)
* Meningitis
* Skin and soft tissue infections
* Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and sinusitis

Examples of gram-negative bacteria that can cause infection include:

* Escherichia coli (E. coli)
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter baumannii
* Proteus mirabilis

Gram-negative bacterial infections can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood cultures, urine cultures, and tissue samples. Treatment typically involves the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as carbapenems or cephalosporins, which are effective against many types of gram-negative bacteria. In some cases, the infection may require hospitalization and intensive care to manage complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

Prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections includes good hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and appropriate use of antibiotics. In healthcare settings, infection control measures such as sterilization and disinfection of equipment, and isolation precautions for patients with known gram-negative bacterial infections can help prevent the spread of these infections.

Overall, gram-negative bacterial infections are a significant public health concern, and proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission.

Some common examples of bacterial infections include:

1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
2. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Skin infections such as cellulitis and abscesses
4. Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis
5. Infected wounds or burns
6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
7. Food poisoning caused by bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli.

In severe cases, bacterial infections can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis or blood poisoning. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.

Bacteremia can occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through various means, such as:

* Infected wounds or surgical sites
* Injecting drug use
* Skin infections
* Respiratory tract infections
* Urinary tract infections
* Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves)

The symptoms of bacteremia can vary depending on the type of bacteria and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms include:

* Fever
* Chills
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Weakness
* Confusion
* Shortness of breath

Bacteremia is diagnosed by blood cultures, which involve collecting blood samples and inserting them into a specialized container to grow the bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.

Prevention measures for bacteremia include:

* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly
* Avoiding sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors
* Properly cleaning and covering wounds
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can lead to bacteremia
* Following proper sterilization techniques during medical procedures

Overall, bacteremia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.

Some common examples of gram-positive bacterial infections include:

1. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections: These are infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which is a type of gram-positive bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics.
2. Streptococcal infections: These are infections caused by streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat and cellulitis.
3. Pneumococcal infections: These are infections caused by pneumococcus bacteria, such as pneumonia.
4. Enterococcal infections: These are infections caused by enterococcus bacteria, such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis.
5. Candidiasis: This is a type of fungal infection caused by candida, which is a type of gram-positive fungus.

Gram-positive bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, such as penicillin and ampicillin, but the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made the treatment of these infections more challenging. In some cases, gram-positive bacterial infections may require more aggressive treatment, such as combination therapy with multiple antibiotics or the use of antifungal medications.

Overall, gram-positive bacterial infections can be serious and potentially life-threatening, so it is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

Here are some key points to define sepsis:

1. Inflammatory response: Sepsis is characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infection. This can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction.
2. Systemic symptoms: Patients with sepsis often have systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and confusion. They may also experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
3. Organ dysfunction: Sepsis can cause dysfunction in multiple organs, including the lungs, kidneys, liver, and heart. This can lead to organ failure and death if not treated promptly.
4. Infection source: Sepsis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, but it can also be caused by fungal or viral infections. The infection can be localized or widespread, and it can affect different parts of the body.
5. Severe sepsis: Severe sepsis is a more severe form of sepsis that is characterized by severe organ dysfunction and a higher risk of death. Patients with severe sepsis may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation.
6. Septic shock: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is severe circulatory dysfunction due to sepsis. It is characterized by hypotension, vasopressor use, and organ failure.

Early recognition and treatment of sepsis are critical to preventing serious complications and improving outcomes. The Sepsis-3 definition is widely used in clinical practice to diagnose sepsis and severe sepsis.

Klebsiella Infections can occur in anyone, but certain groups of people are at higher risk, such as premature infants, people with weakened immune systems, and those with chronic medical conditions like diabetes, liver or kidney disease.

Symptoms of Klebsiella Infections include fever, chills, cough, difficulty breathing, painful urination, redness and swelling in the affected area, and in severe cases, sepsis and death.

Diagnosis of Klebsiella Infections is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood cultures and urine cultures.

Treatment of Klebsiella Infections usually involves antibiotics, which can help clear the infection and prevent it from spreading. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide appropriate care and monitoring.

Prevention of Klebsiella Infections includes good hand hygiene, proper cleaning and disinfection of equipment and surfaces, and avoiding close contact with individuals who have the infection. Vaccines are also available for certain types of Klebsiella Infections, such as pneumonia.

Complications of Klebsiella Infections can include pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and sepsis, which can lead to organ failure and death if left untreated.

Recovery from Klebsiella Infections usually occurs within a few days to a week after antibiotic treatment is started, but in severe cases, recovery may take longer and may require hospitalization and close monitoring.

In conclusion, Klebsiella Infections are a type of bacterial infection that can affect various parts of the body, and can be mild or severe. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are essential to prevent complications and ensure a successful recovery. Proper hygiene practices and vaccines are also important for preventing the spread of these infections.

There are different types of gangrene, including:

1. Wet gangrene: This type of gangrene is caused by bacterial infection and is characterized by a foul odor. It is often associated with diabetes, peripheral artery disease, and other conditions that affect blood flow.
2. Dry gangrene: This type of gangrene is not caused by infection and is often associated with circulatory problems or nerve damage. It does not have a foul odor like wet gangrene.
3. Gas gangrene: This type of gangrene is caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens and is characterized by the presence of gas in the tissue.
4. Necrotizing fasciitis: This is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when bacteria infect the tissue under the skin, causing widespread damage to the skin and underlying tissues.

The signs and symptoms of gangrene can vary depending on the type and location of the affected tissue, but they may include:

* Pain or tenderness in the affected area
* Swelling or redness in the affected area
* A foul odor in the case of wet gangrene
* Fever
* Chills
* Weakness or numbness in the affected limb

Gangrene is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment for gangrene depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, surgical debridement (removal of dead tissue), and amputation in severe cases.

Prevention measures for gangrene include:

* Proper wound care to prevent infection
* Keeping blood sugar levels under control in people with diabetes
* Avoiding smoking and other unhealthy lifestyle habits that can increase the risk of infection and circulatory problems
* Getting prompt medical attention for any injuries or infections to prevent them from spreading and causing gangrene.

Prognosis for gangrene depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. In general, early diagnosis and treatment improve the outlook, while delayed treatment or the presence of underlying health conditions can increase the risk of complications and death.

Bacteroides infections are a type of bacterial infection caused by the Bacteroides genus of bacteria. These bacteria are commonly found in the human gut and play an important role in the digestive process, but they can also cause infections in various parts of the body.

Types of Bacteroides Infections:

1. Bacteroides fragilis: This type of infection is caused by the Bacteroides fragilis bacterium and is typically found in the gut, skin, and respiratory tract.
2. Bacteroides vulgatus: This type of infection is caused by the Bacteroides vulgatus bacterium and is commonly found in the gut and respiratory tract.
3. Bacteroides caccae: This type of infection is caused by the Bacteroides caccae bacterium and is typically found in the gut and skin.
4. Bacteroides distasonis: This type of infection is caused by the Bacteroides distasonis bacterium and is commonly found in the gut and respiratory tract.
5. Bacteroides eggerthii: This type of infection is caused by the Bacteroides eggerthii bacterium and is typically found in the gut and skin.

Causes and Risk Factors:

Bacteroides infections can occur due to a variety of factors, including:

1. Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking immunosuppressive drugs, are more susceptible to Bacteroides infections.
2. Injury or trauma: Injuries or traumas to the skin or gut can provide an entry point for Bacteroides bacteria to enter the body and cause an infection.
3. Surgery: People who have undergone surgery, particularly gastrointestinal surgery, are at risk of developing Bacteroides infections.
4. Contaminated medical devices: Medical devices such as catheters or implantable devices can become contaminated with Bacteroides bacteria and cause an infection.
5. Poor hygiene: Poor hygiene practices, such as not washing hands regularly or not sterilizing medical equipment, can increase the risk of developing a Bacteroides infection.
6. Smoking: Smoking can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of developing Bacteroides infections.
7. Diabetes: People with diabetes are more susceptible to developing Bacteroides infections, particularly in the skin and soft tissues.
8. Obesity: Obesity can increase the risk of developing Bacteroides infections, particularly in the gut and respiratory tract.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of Bacteroides infections vary depending on the location of the infection and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms of Bacteroides infections include:

1. Skin infections: Redness, swelling, warmth, and pain at the site of the infection. Pus-filled abscesses may also develop.
2. Respiratory infections: Coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and fever.
3. Gastrointestinal infections: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
4. Bone and joint infections: Pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the affected limb.
5. Urinary tract infections: Painful urination, frequency of urination, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
6. Sepsis: Fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and confusion or disorientation.

Diagnosis:

Bacteroides infections can be difficult to diagnose because the bacteria can be found on the skin and in the gut of healthy individuals. However, there are several tests that can help healthcare providers diagnose a Bacteroides infection:

1. Blood cultures: Blood cultures can be used to detect the presence of Bacteroides bacteria in the bloodstream.
2. Urine cultures: Urine cultures can be used to detect the presence of Bacteroides bacteria in the urinary tract.
3. Surgical wound cultures: Surgical wound cultures can be used to detect the presence of Bacteroides bacteria in wounds.
4. Imaging studies: Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans can help healthcare providers visualize the location and extent of the infection.
5. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing: PCR testing can be used to detect the presence of Bacteroides DNA in a sample of blood or tissue.

Treatment:

The treatment of Bacteroides infections depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the individual's overall health. Some common treatments for Bacteroides infections include:

1. Antibiotics: Bacteroides bacteria are typically resistant to antibiotics, but some strains may be susceptible to certain types of antibiotics such as cefoxitin, imipenem-cilastatin, and meropenem.
2. Surgical drainage: If the infection is localized and does not respond to antibiotic therapy, surgical drainage may be necessary to remove the infected tissue or fluid.
3. Supportive care: Patients with severe Bacteroides infections may require hospitalization and supportive care such as intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, and monitoring of vital signs.
4. Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help restore the balance of gut flora and may be used to treat Bacteroides infections.
5. Enzyme-based therapy: Enzyme-based therapy, such as collagenase, can be used to break down the extracellular matrix that surrounds the bacteria and help eliminate them from the body.

Prevention:

Preventing Bacteroides infections is challenging, but there are some measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of infection. These include:

1. Proper wound care: Wounds should be cleaned and covered with sterile dressings to prevent bacterial growth.
2. Good hygiene: Hands should be washed frequently, especially after contact with wounds or contaminated surfaces.
3. Proper sterilization of medical equipment: All medical equipment should be properly sterilized before use to prevent the spread of infection.
4. Vaccination: Vaccines are available for some types of Bacteroides, such as the Bacteroides fragilis vaccine, which can help prevent infections caused by this bacterium.
5. Antibiotic stewardship: Antibiotics should be used judiciously and only when necessary to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Overall, Bacteroides infections can be challenging to diagnose and treat, but with appropriate management and prevention strategies, patients can recover fully. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as early intervention can improve outcomes.

1. Conjunctivitis: This is an infection of the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It is often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae bacteria.
2. Corneal ulcers: These are open sores that develop on the surface of the cornea, which is the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. Corneal ulcers can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
3. Endophthalmitis: This is an infection that occurs inside the eye, often as a complication of cataract surgery or other types of ocular surgery. It can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis.
4. Keratitis: This is an infection of the cornea that can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.
5. Retinitis: This is an infection of the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that senses light and sends visual signals to the brain. Retinitis can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Bacterial eye infections can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, swelling, discharge, pain, and blurred vision. Treatment typically involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments, and in more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of a bacterial eye infection, as early treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Symptoms of wound infection may include:

* Redness, swelling, or increased pain around the wound
* Increased drainage or pus from the wound
* Bad smell or discharge from the wound
* Fever or chills
* Swollen lymph nodes

Treatment of wound infection usually involves antibiotics and may require surgical intervention to remove infected tissue. It is important to practice good wound care, such as keeping the wound clean and dry, changing dressings regularly, and monitoring for signs of infection to prevent the development of a wound infection.

Preventive measures include:

* Proper sterilization and technique during surgery or medical procedures
* Keeping the wound site clean and dry
* Removing any dead tissue or debris from the wound
* Using antibiotic ointment or cream to prevent infection
* Covering the wound with a sterile dressing

If you suspect that you have a wound infection, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can evaluate the wound and provide appropriate treatment to prevent further complications.

Pseudomonas infections are challenging to treat due to the bacteria's ability to develop resistance against antibiotics. The treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and other supportive therapies, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged organs.

In medicine, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure. This type of transmission can occur in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, where patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infection.

Cross-infection can occur through a variety of means, including:

1. Person-to-person contact: Direct contact with an infected individual, such as touching, hugging, or shaking hands.
2. Contaminated surfaces and objects: Touching contaminated surfaces or objects that have been touched by an infected individual, such as doorknobs, furniture, or medical equipment.
3. Airborne transmission: Inhaling droplets or aerosolized particles that contain the infectious agent, such as during coughing or sneezing.
4. Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or drinks that have been handled by an infected individual or contaminated with the infectious agent.
5. Insect vectors: Mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects can transmit infections through their bites.

Cross-infection is a significant concern in healthcare settings, as it can lead to outbreaks of nosocomial infections (infections acquired in hospitals) and can spread rapidly among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. To prevent cross-infection, healthcare providers use strict infection control measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and implementing isolation precautions for infected individuals.

In summary, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure in healthcare settings. Preventing cross-infection is essential to maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.

The symptoms of peritonitis can vary depending on the severity and location of the inflammation, but they may include:

* Abdominal pain and tenderness
* Fever
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea or constipation
* Loss of appetite
* Fatigue
* Weakness
* Low blood pressure

Peritonitis can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as a CT scan, MRI or ultrasound. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to clear the infection and supportive care to manage symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove any infected tissue or repair damaged organs.

Prompt medical attention is essential for effective treatment and prevention of complications such as sepsis, organ failure, and death.

The most common bacteria that cause pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria can infect the lungs through various routes, including respiratory droplets, contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person.

Symptoms of pneumonia may include cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In severe cases, pneumonia can lead to serious complications such as respiratory failure, sepsis, and death.

Diagnosis of pneumonia typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood cultures. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Vaccines are also available to protect against certain types of bacterial pneumonia, particularly in children and older adults.

Preventative measures for bacterial pneumonia include:

* Getting vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
* Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Staying hydrated and getting enough rest
* Quitting smoking, if applicable
* Managing underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease

It is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms of pneumonia develop, particularly in high-risk populations. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes for patients with bacterial pneumonia.

There are different types of fever, including:

1. Pyrexia: This is the medical term for fever. It is used to describe a body temperature that is above normal, usually above 38°C (100.4°F).
2. Hyperthermia: This is a more severe form of fever, where the body temperature rises significantly above normal levels.
3. Febrile seizure: This is a seizure that occurs in children who have a high fever.
4. Remittent fever: This is a type of fever that comes and goes over a period of time.
5. Intermittent fever: This is a type of fever that recurs at regular intervals.
6. Chronic fever: This is a type of fever that persists for an extended period of time, often more than 3 weeks.

The symptoms of fever can vary depending on the underlying cause, but common symptoms include:

* Elevated body temperature
* Chills
* Sweating
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Fatigue
* Loss of appetite

In some cases, fever can be a sign of a serious underlying condition, such as pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis. It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone in your care has a fever, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as difficulty breathing, confusion, or chest pain.

Treatment for fever depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the symptoms. In some cases, medication such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen may be prescribed to help reduce the fever. It is important to follow the recommended dosage instructions carefully and to consult with a healthcare professional before giving medication to children.

In addition to medication, there are other ways to help manage fever symptoms at home. These include:

* Drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated
* Taking cool baths or using a cool compress to reduce body temperature
* Resting and avoiding strenuous activities
* Using over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen, to help manage headache and muscle aches.

Preventive measures for fever include:

* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently and avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Staying up to date on vaccinations, which can help prevent certain infections that can cause fever.

Here are some common types of E. coli infections:

1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): E. coli is a leading cause of UTIs, which occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and cause inflammation. Symptoms include frequent urination, burning during urination, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
2. Diarrheal infections: E. coli can cause diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever if consumed through contaminated food or water. In severe cases, this type of infection can lead to dehydration and even death, particularly in young children and the elderly.
3. Septicemia (bloodstream infections): If E. coli bacteria enter the bloodstream, they can cause septicemia, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and low blood pressure.
4. Meningitis: In rare cases, E. coli infections can spread to the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, causing meningitis. This is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment with antibiotics and supportive care.
5. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS): E. coli infections can sometimes cause HUS, a condition where the bacteria destroy red blood cells, leading to anemia, kidney failure, and other complications. HUS is most common in young children and can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Preventing E. coli infections primarily involves practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, especially after using the bathroom or before handling food. It's also essential to cook meat thoroughly, especially ground beef, to avoid cross-contamination with other foods. Avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and drinking contaminated water can also help prevent E. coli infections.

If you suspect an E. coli infection, seek medical attention immediately. Your healthcare provider may perform a urine test or a stool culture to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment. In mild cases, symptoms may resolve on their own within a few days, but antibiotics may be necessary for more severe infections. It's essential to stay hydrated and follow your healthcare provider's recommendations to ensure a full recovery.

Symptoms of pneumonia may include cough, fever, chills, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. In severe cases, pneumonia can lead to respiratory failure, sepsis, and even death.

There are several types of pneumonia, including:

1. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP): This type of pneumonia is caused by bacteria or viruses and typically affects healthy people outside of hospitals.
2. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP): This type of pneumonia is caused by bacteria or fungi and typically affects people who are hospitalized for other illnesses or injuries.
3. Aspiration pneumonia: This type of pneumonia is caused by food, liquids, or other foreign matter being inhaled into the lungs.
4. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): This type of pneumonia is caused by a fungus and typically affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.
5. Viral pneumonia: This type of pneumonia is caused by viruses and can be more common in children and young adults.

Pneumonia is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood tests. Treatment may involve antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and supportive care to manage symptoms and help the patient recover. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide more intensive care and monitoring.

Prevention of pneumonia includes vaccination against certain types of bacteria and viruses, good hygiene practices such as frequent handwashing, and avoiding close contact with people who are sick. Early detection and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for those affected by pneumonia.

Staphylococcal infections can be classified into two categories:

1. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) - This type of infection is resistant to many antibiotics and can cause severe skin infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections and surgical site infections.

2. Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA) - This type of infection is not resistant to antibiotics and can cause milder skin infections, respiratory tract infections, sinusitis and food poisoning.

Staphylococcal infections are caused by the Staphylococcus bacteria which can enter the body through various means such as:

1. Skin cuts or open wounds
2. Respiratory tract infections
3. Contaminated food and water
4. Healthcare-associated infections
5. Surgical site infections

Symptoms of Staphylococcal infections may vary depending on the type of infection and severity, but they can include:

1. Skin redness and swelling
2. Increased pain or tenderness
3. Warmth or redness in the affected area
4. Pus or discharge
5. Fever and chills
6. Swollen lymph nodes
7. Shortness of breath

Diagnosis of Staphylococcal infections is based on physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests such as blood cultures, and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans.

Treatment of Staphylococcal infections depends on the type of infection and severity, but may include:

1. Antibiotics to fight the infection
2. Drainage of abscesses or pus collection
3. Wound care and debridement
4. Supportive care such as intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, and pain management
5. Surgical intervention in severe cases.

Preventive measures for Staphylococcal infections include:

1. Good hand hygiene practices
2. Proper cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment
3. Avoiding close contact with people who have Staphylococcal infections
4. Covering wounds and open sores
5. Proper sterilization and disinfection of medical equipment.

It is important to note that MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a type of Staphylococcal infection that is resistant to many antibiotics, and can be difficult to treat. Therefore, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

... is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. Parte, A.C. "Aquamicrobium". LPSN. Lipski, A.; Kampfer, P. (2011 ... Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Phyllobacteriaceae stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquamicrobium

... is a genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. A.C. Parte (1 January 1998). "Brachymonas". LPSN. Retrieved 15 ... Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Betaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachymonas

The Nitrobacteraceae are a family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria. They include plant-associated bacteria such as ... The bacteria of this family derive their energy from oxidizing ammonia to nitrite, or by oxidizing nitrite to nitrate. They are ... It also contains animal-associated bacteria such as Afipia felis, formerly thought to cause cat-scratch disease. Others are ... free-living, such as Rhodopseudomonas, a purple bacterium found in marine water and soils. The strain Rhodopseudomonas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrobacteraceae

B. ceti is a gram negative, non motile, aerobic bacteria. The cells are cocci, coccobacilli (short rods) with a diameter of 0.5 ... Brucella ceti is a gram negative bacterial pathogen of the Brucellaceae family that causes brucellosis in cetaceans. Brucella ... The bacteria was isolated from both the fetus and the placentas. Guzmán-Verri C, González-Barrientos R, Hernández-Mora G, ... B. ceti is a non-mobile bacteria, unable to withstand harsh conditions outside of a host. It is shown to be transmitted both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_ceti

... is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacteria. One of the more notable characteristics of this genus is ... Bdellovibrio attacks other Gram-negative bacteria by attaching itself to the prey cell's outer membrane and peptidoglycan layer ... the general requirements are that there needs to be oxygen and some other Gram-negative bacteria present in its environment. ... that members can prey upon other Gram-negative bacteria and feed on the biopolymers, e.g. proteins and nucleic acids, of their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellovibrio

Aerobic denitrifiers are mainly Gram-negative bacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria. Enzymes NapAB, NirS, NirK and NosZ are ... a wide space bordered by the cytoplasmic and the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. Denitrification can lead to a ... Chen, K.-C.; Lin, Y.-F. (1993). "The relationship between denitrifying bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in a mixed culture ... Aerobic denitrification, conducted by aerobic denitrifiers, may offer the potential to eliminate the need for separate tanks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denitrification

... is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. The species are motile with amphitrichous flagella and ... Gram-negative aerobe of the family Alcaligenaceae. This species is most commonly found in the alimentary tract as a harmless ... They are obligately aerobic, but some can undergo anaerobic respiration if nitrate is present. They tend to be colorless. They ... It is a genus of non-fermenting bacteria (in the family Alcaligenaceae). Additionally, some strains of Alcaligenes are capable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcaligenes

... s are effective only against aerobic Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Neisseria, Pseudomonas). Siderophore-conjugated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monobactam

"Identification of Unusual Pathogenic Gram-Negative Aerobic and Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria". Clinical Infectious Diseases ... Her time in the General Bacteriology Laboratory sparked an interest in disease causing gram-negative bacillus bacteria that did ... In 1964, she presented her work Identification of Unusual Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria at the annual round table meeting ... The species was reclassified again in 2005, this time, as part of a new genus of bacteria named Elizabethkingia in her honor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_O._King

... is a genus of bacteria. Members belonging to this genus are Gram-negative, aerobic and halotolerant bacteria . Cobetia ... Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Oceanospirillales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobetia

... is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria. Lentilitoribacter donghaensis is the only ... Monotypic bacteria genera, Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentilitoribacter

... is a genus of Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile bacteria. Parte, A.C. "Chelativorans". LPSN. UniProt ... nov., aerobic EDTA-degrading bacteria". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 60 (5): 1044-51. doi ... Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Phyllobacteriaceae stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelativorans

... is a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. V. indigofera produces a blue pigment (indigoidine)and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogesella_indigofera

... is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. The bacterial haemoglobin (VHb) was first discovered from ... 1986 Vitreoscilla stercoraria Pringsheim 1951 Members of Vitreoscilla are obligate aerobic bacteria, which are morphologically ... Thus Vitreoscilla is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion. ... Vitreoscilla bacteria have a unique property in that they produces a type of haemoglobin, VHb. This molecule unlike classic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreoscilla

... is an obligate aerobic, gram negative bacterium. Although it has been isolated from a range of bodily ... Bacteria described in 1996, All stub articles, Flavobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myroides_odoratimimus

... is an aerobic, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium. It is an uncommon bacterium and human ... McGowan JE (June 2006). "Resistance in nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria: multidrug resistance to the maximum". The American ... Initially classified as Bacterium bookeri, then renamed Pseudomonas maltophilia, S. maltophilia was also grouped in the genus ... It was first found in a pleural effusion in 1943 and given the name Bacterium bookeri. It was then renamed to Pseudomonas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenotrophomonas_maltophilia

They are gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that can be heterotrophic, psychrophilic or mesophilic. Most species are non-motile ... The genome of bacteria in the genus Polaribacter vary in size from 2.76 Mb (P. irgensii) to 4.10 Mb (P. reichenbachii) and the ... These cold dwelling bacteria are an abundant source of psychrophilic enzymes which have an interesting ability to retain higher ... Typically, these bacteria are prevalent in sea ice; however, during seasonal melting in the summer, they dominate coastal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaribacter

... a synthetic monobactam specifically active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 21 ( ... Richmond, M.H.; Sykes, R.B. (1973). "The β-Lactamases of Gram-Negative Bacteria and their Possible Physiological Role". ... "Interaction of azthreonam and related monobactams with beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria". Antimicrobial Agents and ... It could treat gram-negative infections such as gonorrhoea and became the first monobactam to be licensed for clinical use. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sykes_(microbiologist)

... is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic bacteria. The currently accepted taxonomy ... Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Phyllobacteriaceae stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllobacterium

Oligella is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria from the family Alcaligenaceae. The genus Oligella includes at least 2 ... Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Betaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligella_(bacterium)

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria from the genus Bradyrhizobium. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de Ramirez- ... Bacteria described in 2009, All stub articles, Nitrobacteraceae stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradyrhizobium_jicamae

It is an aerobic, oval rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium. It is motile by means a single polar flagellum. A. aquaeolei is ... nov., an Aerobic, Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from a Subterranean Brine Arhodomonas aquaeolei Adkins, Jon P; Madigan, Michael ... nov., an Aerobic, Halophilic Bacterium Isolated from a Subterranean Brine". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. ... The temperature range for the growth of this bacteria is between 20 °C and 45 °C, with optimal growth at 37 °C and it requires ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhodomonas_aquaeolei

... is yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacterium. Its type strain is G3(T) (= KACC 14929(T ... Gram-negative bacteria, Bacteria described in 2011, All stub articles, Gammaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteimonas_lutimaris

... is a Gram-negative, aerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Beijerinckiaceae. LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de UniProt ... Monotypic bacteria genera, Beijerinckiaceae, Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ... nov., an obligately acidophilic, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium with a highly divergent mxaF gene". International ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylovirgula

... is a Gram-negative strictly aerobic bacteria genus from the family of Planococcaceae. Up to now there iso only one ... Monotypic bacteria genera, Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Bacillota stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibacter

... is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating bacteria. ... nov., dimethylsulfoniopropionate-demethylating bacteria from marine environments". International Journal of Systematic and ... Bacteria described in 2003, All stub articles, Rhodobacterales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseovarius_nubinhibens

... is an obligately methylotrophic, Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacteria. Its type ... Bacteria described in 1985, All stub articles, Gammaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylophaga_thalassica

... is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium that performs denitrification. It was first isolated from garden ... Scientists at Rhône-Poulenc Rorer took a genetically engineered strain of the bacteria, in which eight of the cob genes ... R. Caspi (2013-09-25). "Pathway: adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (aerobic)". MetaCyc Metabolic Pathway Database. Retrieved ... a vitamin B12-producing bacterium". J Bacteriol. 99 (1): 347-9. PMC 250011. PMID 5802615. Fang, H; Kang, J; Zhang, D (30 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_denitrificans

... is a Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium. Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii, and ... Rhizobium leguminosarum is a bacterium which lives in a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with legumes, and has the ability to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizobium_leguminosarum

They should not be confused with acetic acid bacteria which are aerobic, Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria. Other acetogens use ... Acetobacterium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria that belong to the Eubacteriaceae family. The type species of ... By using the ethanol that is produced by the bacterium researchers aim to create a sustainable way to create energy. Balch, W. ... To use caffeate as an electron acceptor the bacterium couples hydrogen dependent caffeate reduction with electrons from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetobacterium

... is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Rhodobacteraceae with one ... Bacteria genera, Monotypic bacteria genera, All stub articles, Rhodobacterales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoroseicyclus

... and it is described as Gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped and methane-oxidizing facultative ... As an aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, Methylocella spp use methane (CH4), and methanol as their main carbon and energy source ... Methylocella silvestris is a bacterium from the genus Methylocella spp which are found in many acidic soils and wetlands. ... It lacks intracytoplasmic membranes common to all methane-oxidizing bacteria except Methylocella, but contain a vesicular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylocella_silvestris

... are used to study the polysaccharide production in gram-negative bacteria like the model Myxococcus xanthus which ... "The mosaic genome of Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strain 2CP-C suggests an aerobic common ancestor to the delta-proteobacteria ... The myxobacteria ("slime bacteria") are a group of bacteria that predominantly live in the soil and feed on insoluble organic ... The myxobacteria have very large genomes relative to other bacteria, e.g. 9-10 million nucleotides except for Anaeromyxobacter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxobacteria

... is an extremely halophilic marine obligate aerobic archaeon. Despite its name, this is not a bacterium, but a member of the ... Sulfate residues are abundant on the glycan chains of the glycoprotein, giving it a negative charge. The negative charge is ... archaeal nature of this halophile with additional similarities to the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and other bacteria. H. ... However, his findings date the crystal surrounding the bacteria, and DNA analysis suggests the bacteria themselves are likely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halobacterium_salinarum

... is a Gram-negative and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Zeaxanthinibacter which has ... Bacteria described in 2016, All stub articles, Flavobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeaxanthinibacter_aestuarii

It is typically measured in terms of mass in picograms (trillionths (10−12) of a gram, abbreviated pg) or less frequently in ... Other bacteria have become endosymbionts or obligate intracellular pathogens and experienced extensive genome reduction as a ... where the gene that have been lost are in fact not randomly dispersed in the ancestor gene but aggregated and the negative ... an anaerobic intracellular parasite of arthropods evolved from aerobic fungi. During this process the mitosomes was formed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_size

... is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Nonlabens which has been ... Bacteria described in 2017, All stub articles, Flavobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlabens_aestuariivivens

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and non-motile genus of bacteria from the ... Bacteria genera, Monotypic bacteria genera, All stub articles, Rhodobacterales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngimonas

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacteria genus from the family of Alteromonadaceae with ... Monotypic bacteria genera, Bacteria genera, All stub articles, Alteromonadales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alginatibacterium

Some species exhibit "negative senescence", in which reproduction capability increases or is stable, and mortality falls with ... Calorically restricted animals process as much, or more, calories per gram of body mass, as their ad libitum fed counterparts, ... Ackermann M, Stearns SC, Jenal U (June 2003). "Senescence in a bacterium with asymmetric division". Science. 300 (5627): 1920. ... Under normal aerobic conditions, approximately 4% of the oxygen metabolized by mitochondria is converted to superoxide ion, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, oligotrophic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of ... nov., an oligotrophic bacterium isolated from a forest soil". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology ... nov., an oligotrophic bacterium isolated from a forest soil". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology ... Bacteria described in 2014, All stub articles, Sphingomonadales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_oligoaromativorans

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic and non-motile bacterium from the genus ... Bacteria described in 2017, All stub articles, Rhodobacterales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albirhodobacter_confluentis

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Perexilibacter which ... Bacteria described in 2007, All stub articles, Sphingobacteriia stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perexilibacter_aurantiacus

... is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of ... Bacteria described in 2016, All stub articles, Flavobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudofulvibacter_gastropodicola

... is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from air ... Bacteria described in 2014, All stub articles, Sphingomonadales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_aerophila

Actibacterium is a Gram-negative and aerobic genus of bacteria from the order of Hyphomicrobiales with one known species ( ... Bacteria genera, Monotypic bacteria genera, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuticoccus

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and curved rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Caenimonas which has ... Bacteria described in 2013, All stub articles, Betaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenimonas_terrae

... is a gram-negative, nitrate-reducing aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria from the genus of ... nov., a nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from sludge of a leachate treatment plant". International Journal of Systematic and ... Bacteria described in 2011, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_daejeonensis

... is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of ... Bacteria described in 2015, All stub articles, Flavobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenyingzhuangia_heitensis

... is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, thiosulfate-oxidizing, facultatively chemolithotrophic and motile ... nov., a facultatively chemolithotrophic, thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of sunflower ( ... Bacteria described in 2011, All stub articles, Gammaproteobacteria stubs). ... bacterium from the genus of Dyella which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil of field with sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyella_thiooxydans

... is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Legionella. It was ... Bacteria described in 2012, Legionellales, All stub articles, Legionellales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_cardiaca

... is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic and motile bacterium from the genus of Rheinheimera which ... Bacteria described in 2018, All stub articles, Chromatiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinheimera_coerulea

... is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile Gram-negative bacterium from ... Bacteria described in 2006, All stub articles, Flavobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadobacter_ginsengisoli

... is a Gram-negative, facultatively methylotrophic, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming bacteria ... nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated from Funaria hygrometrica". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 34 (7): 482-6. doi: ... nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated from Funaria hygrometrica". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 34 (7): 482-6. doi: ... Bacteria described in 2012, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylobacterium_bullatum

... is a Gram-negative, acidophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of ... nov., an acidophilic bacterium isolated from mine wastewater" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... Bacteria described in 2015, All stub articles, Gammaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodanobacter_aciditrophus

... is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium of the genus Burkholderia and the family ... Bacteria described in 2008, All stub articles, Betaproteobacteria stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkholderia_arboris

Trischlosan is highly effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Hexachlorophene (Bisphenol) is used as a ... Louis Pasteur's work in fermentation and spontaneous generation led to the distinction between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. ... Prolonged use of certain antibacterials can decrease the number of enteric bacteria, which may have a negative impact on health ... bacteria undergoes plasmotysis or turgid state. This plasmolysis and plasmotysis kills bacteria because it causes change in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimicrobial

Hahella gaghwensis is a marine strain of Gram-negative, aerobic, and obligately halophilic bacteria of the gammaproteobacteria ... "Hahella." Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (2015): 1-2. Print. Type strain of Hahella ganghwensis at ... nov., an Extracellular-polysaccharide-producing Marine Bacterium." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... Nov., an Extracellular-polysaccharide-producing Marine Bacterium." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahella_ganghwensis

... is a Gram-negative, methylotrophic, non-spore-forming strictly aerobic and motile bacteria from the ... nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated from drinking water". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated from drinking water". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... Bacteria described in 2006, All stub articles, Hyphomicrobiales stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylobacterium_adhaesivum

Aerobic gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (including susceptible enterotoxigenic strains implicated in travelers ... Trimethoprim alone was negative in in vitro reverse mutation bacterial assays and in in vitro chromosomal aberration assays ... An in vitro chromosomal aberration test in human lymphocytes with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim was negative. In in vitro ... Development of Drug Resistant Bacteria Prescribing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets in the absence of a proven or ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e1a3748d-ca73-4e56-95ad-d25189cc346e

Aerobic gram-negative bacteria. *Polysaccharide capsule. *Six different serotypes (a-f) of polysaccharide capsule ... A Gram stain of an infected body fluid may demonstrate small, gram-negative coccobacilli suggestive of H. influenzae disease. ... H. influenzae, a fastidious, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus, requires hemin (X factor) and nicotinamide-adenine- ... The bacteria spread in the bloodstream to distant sites in the body. Meninges are especially likely to be affected. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hib.html

Pneumonia due to other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. *Pneumonia due to Mycoplasm pneumoniae ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/eWorld/Appendix/ICDCodes

Identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The Orange Book, 2nd ed. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/4/22-0831-f3

Cefoxitin provides coverage for both aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacteria.. Gentamicin. *View full drug information ... Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for gram-negative bacterial coverage. It is commonly used in combination with ... an agent against gram-positive organisms and one that covers anaerobes. The drug is used in conjunction with ampicillin for ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/189563-medication

Aztreonam was used successfully in 17 of 17 patients with orthopedic infections due to gram-negative bacilli (11, osteomyelitis ... It has good activity against gram-negative aerobic bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, and is effective in the treatment of ... Aztreonam in the treatment of bone and joint infections caused by gram-negative bacilli W J Simons et al. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 ... Treatment of gram-negative infections with aztreonam. Simons WJ, Lee TJ. Simons WJ, et al. Am J Med. 1985 Feb 8;78(2A):27-30. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2934786

Categories: Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Gram-Negative+Aerobic+Bacteria&parentid=11928&catid=11926

Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria/genetics*; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny*; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Probability; ... Abstract: Two novel 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria were previously isolated from an aquifer in which no such bacteria ... Title: Gene transfer from a bacterium injected into an aquifer to an indigenous bacterium. ... genes from these bacteria were amplified and sequenced. The partial 16S rRNA gene sequences and REP-PCR patterns showed that ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=643327

Identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Atlanta, Georgia: US ... the hospital laboratory isolated a Gram-negative rod from one aerobic blood culture sample; the organism was later confirmed by ... Editorial Note: RBF refers to two similar diseases caused by different gram-negative facultative anaerobes: streptobacillary ... teammates on a local youth baseball team and at area hospitals and laboratories to identify suspected cases of Gram-negative ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0051368/m0051368.asp

... has a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. ( ... Gram-Negative Bacteria Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase and non-beta-lactamase producing), Moraxella (Branhamella) ... Gram-Positive Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase and non-beta-lactamase producing), Staphylococcus epidermidis ( ... The 15 gram vial may be reconstituted with either 92 mL Sterile Water for Injection or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection. The ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=81ec59a2-aca3-4546-b7e8-4f676073ab71&audience=professional

... see under GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA 1976-90). Online Note. use GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA to search ACHROMATIACEAE ... GRAM NEG AEROBIC BACT. Entry Term(s). Achromatiaceae Achromatium Achromobacteriaceae Gram Negative Aerobic Bacteria Related ... Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria Preferred Concept UI. M0009583. Related Numbers. txid44937. Scope Note. A large group of aerobic ... do not use as a routine coordinate for a gram-negative aerobic bacterium; infection: coordinate with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006088

Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria B03.440.400.050 Acidobacteria B03.440.400.280 Caulobacter B03.440.400.280.280 Caulobacter ... Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria B03.440.425.200 Desulfovibrionaceae B03.440.425.400 Gram-Negative Anaerobic Cocci B03.440. ... Endospore-Forming Bacteria B03.300.390 Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria B03.300.390.400 Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming ... Bacteria, Aerobic B03.130 Bacteria, Anaerobic B03.135 Bacteria, Thermoduric B03.140 Bacteroidetes B03.140.094 Bacteroidaceae ...

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2019/download/2019New_Mesh_Tree_Hierarchy.txt

The samples were examined for total aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactobacilli, listeriae, ... Very high levels of total aerobic bacteria and fungi were found in the surface sample (up to 10(9) CFU/g in the bulk sample and ... Aspergillus fumigatus predominated among the fungi, whereas Bacillus and gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, ... Thermophilic actinomycetes occurred in numbers up to 10(7) CFU/g in the bulk samples, whereas anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=agricultur%2A+or+farm%2A&f1=%2A&Adv=0&terms=1&PageNo=626&RecNo=6256&View=f&

Trimethoprim is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. In addition, some combination ...

https://www.tcichemicals.com/DE/de/p/T2286

The agent has significant activity in vitro against facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria but not against gram-positive or ... anaerobic bacteria. Aztreonam was used for a year to treat 106 hospitalized pat … ... The agent has significant activity in vitro against facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria but not against gram-positive or ... During the study period, 159 facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria were tested for aztreonam susceptibility, and 144 (91 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6541672

Gram-Negative Bacteria [B03.440]. *Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria [B03.440.400]. *Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci [B03.440 ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/114610

Patients with a positive sputum culture for aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were more likely to receive ciprofloxacin and ... aureus, aerobic Gram-negative rods and fungi was higher in latter group ... In a previous study, it was noted that increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli among oropharyngeal bacterial flora in ... Emergence of gram-negative bacilli. New England journal of medicine, 1969, 281(21):1137-40. ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-4/does-sputum-culture-affect-the-management-andor-outcome-of-community-acquired-pneumonia.html

https://www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?searchdb=ndc&query=57237-233

... and a few gram-negative aerobic cocci; generally inactive against gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria. Inactive ... Spectrum of activity includes many gram-positive aerobic cocci, some gram-positive bacilli, ... Gram-positive aerobes: active in vitro against penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and ... Possible emergence and overgrowth of nonsusceptible bacteria or fungi. Discontinue and institute appropriate therapy if ...

https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dicloxacillin.html

A species of aerobic, Gram-negative, diplococci shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria. This species is catalase ... A species of aerobic, Gram-negative, diplococci shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria. This species is catalase ... C14187 Bacteria C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C86605 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis A gram negative ... Childbirth Terminology C C86605 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis A gram negative diplococcal bacterium that is a ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/Pediatric_Terminologies/NICHD/Archive/Changes%202012-06-07.txt

Salmonella -- A rod-shaped, gram-negative, aerobic bacterium that grows well on artificial media and forms gas and acid on many ... Transformation -- Genetic modification of a bacterium by incorporation of free DNA from another ruptured bacteria cell. ... Bacteriophage, or phage -- A virus that infects and lyses certain bacteria, such as E. Coli. Bacteriophages were discovered by ... Escherichia coli, or E. coli -- A common bacterium that has been studied intensively by geneticists because of its small genome ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/bb/feature/glossary

... see under GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA 1976-90). Online Note:. use GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC BACTERIA to search ACHROMATIACEAE ... Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria - Preferred Concept UI. M0009583. Scope note. A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as ... do not use as a routine coordinate for a gram-negative aerobic bacterium; infection: coordinate with GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL ... negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=6239&filter=ths_exact_term&q=BACTERIAS+AEROBIAS+GRAMNEGATIVAS

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006088

Haemophilus influenzae is an aerobic gram-negative bacteria with a polysaccharide capsule with six different serotypes (a-f) of ... Tetanus is caused by bacteria known as Clostridium tetani, which is an anaerobic bacteria found in the soil. Clostridium tetani ... Clostridium are gram positive anaerobic bacilli. The grow best when there is no oxygen.. We health care practitioners are very ... When the bacteria invade the body, they produce a toxin called tetanospasmin, that causes painful muscle contractions and ...

https://www.freece.com/childhood-immunizations-haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-tetanus/

Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria in 2008. Yoshida, I., Yamaguchi, T., Kudo, ... Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of aerobic Gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria in 2008. Yoshida, I., ...

https://okayama.elsevierpure.com/en/organisations/university-hospital/publications/?ordering=type&descending=true

... strictly aerobic bacterium, designated HZ-65T, was isolated from hyporheic freshwater in the Republic of Korea. Strain HZ-65T ... A yellow-coloured, Gram-strain-negative, non-motile, cocci-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated HZ-65T, was isolated ... Studies of freshwater bacteria: II. stalked bacteria, a new order of Schizomycetes. J Bacteriol 1935; 30:61-93[PubMed] ... nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium Muriel Derrien, Elaine E. Vaughan, Caroline M. Plugge and Willem M. de Vos ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003198

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in hot springs of neutral to alkaline pH, as well as in hot- ... Gram-Negative Bacteria [B03.440]. *Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria [B03.440.400]. *Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci [B03.440 ...

https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/218203

It is commonly used in combination with an agent against gram-positive organisms and one that covers anaerobes. (medscape.com)
Eighty-six percent of gram-negative organisms isolated before treatment from other sites of infection were eradicated. (nih.gov)
Aspergillus fumigatus predominated among the fungi, whereas Bacillus and gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella species) prevailed among bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Although its MIC values for gram-positive aerobic organisms are generally higher, ofloxacin's bactericidal activity against these organisms is considered by some to be adequate, and superior to that of most other fluoroquinolones. (duke.edu)
The excessive use of alcohol is a global problem causing many tion of microbial organisms (bacteria and microbes) within adverse pathological health effects and a significant financial health care burden. (nih.gov)
Flucloxacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. (illnesshacker.com)

Identification of unusual pathogenic gram-negative aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Thermophilic actinomycetes occurred in numbers up to 10(7) CFU/g in the bulk samples, whereas anaerobic bacteria, lactobacilli, and listeriae were only few or absent. (cdc.gov)
In vitro activity of ofloxacin includes a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. (duke.edu)
Flucloxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. (illnesshacker.com)

Haemophilus influenzae is an aerobic gram-negative bacteria with a polysaccharide capsule with six different serotypes (a-f) of polysaccharide capsule. (freece.com)
Highly active against most gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. (sdrugs.com)

Klavam is active concerning aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Streptococcus spp. (rxeli.com)

amoxicillin is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (sdrugs.com)
Os microorganismos mais frequentes foram Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e outras bact rias aer bicas Gram-negativas. (bjorl.org)
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e outras bact rias aer bicas Gram-negativas constituem a flora predominante em pacientes com rinossinusite cr nica. (bjorl.org)

Two novel 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria were previously isolated from an aquifer in which no such bacteria could be enriched prior to the introduction of the 3-chlorobenzoate-degrading strain, Pseudomonas sp. (nih.gov)
The most frequent bacteria were S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. (bjorl.org)
S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria make up the main flora in the maxillary sinus of the patients. (bjorl.org)
Neofloxin has strong activity against most Gram-negative aerobic bacteria including Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (doctlab.com)

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated HL-MP18T, was isolated from Arctic seawater after a prolonged incubation employing polypropylene as the sole carbon source. (bvsalud.org)

Meningococcal disease is an acute, severe illness caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis . (cdc.gov)
N. meningitidis , or meningococcus, is an aerobic, gram-negative bacterium, closely related to N. gonorrhoeae and to several typically nonpathogenic Neisseria species, such as N. lactamica . (cdc.gov)
C92790 Fetal Heart Rate Variability C92712 NICHD Pregnancy & Childbirth Terminology C C86605 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis A gram negative diplococcal bacterium that is a causative agent for meningitis and other meningococcal diseases. (nih.gov)
C14187 Bacteria C90259 NICHD Pediatric Terminology C C86605 Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis A gram negative diplococcal bacterium that is a causative agent for meningitis and other meningococcal diseases. (nih.gov)
Finally, it grows well on blood and chocolate agar and it doesn't grow on modified Thayer-Martin agar, like other Gram-negative diplococci, such as Neisseria species. (osmosis.org)

The outer membrane of N. meningitidis is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule that is important for pathogenicity because it helps the bacterium resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated lysis. (cdc.gov)

Escherichia coli , or E. coli -- A common bacterium that has been studied intensively by geneticists because of its small genome size, normal lack of pathogenicity, and ease of culture in the laboratory. (nih.gov)
This medication is highly active against most of gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. (sdrugs.com)

A yellow-coloured, Gram-strain-negative, non-motile, cocci-shaped, strictly aerobic bacterium, designated HZ-65 T , was isolated from hyporheic freshwater in the Republic of Korea. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It was a strictly aerobic haloarchaeon that could grow at 25-55 °C (optimum, 37 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 12-30â % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 20-25â %, w/v). The phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain S1CR25-10T belongs to the genus Natrinema, with 98.9â % similarity to Natrinema salinisoli SLN56T. (bvsalud.org)

Listeria monocytogenes, Nocardia asteroides, aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Aeromonas spp. (rxeli.com)

A species of aerobic, Gram-negative, diplococci shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria. (nih.gov)

the organism was later confirmed by Gram stain and biochemical tests as S. moniliformis at the New Mexico Department of Health's Scientific Laboratory Division. (cdc.gov)
This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine. (nih.gov)
The cells were Gram-stain-negative, motile and their colonies were pink-pigmented. (bvsalud.org)

Editorial Note: RBF refers to two similar diseases caused by different gram-negative facultative anaerobes: streptobacillary RBF caused by infection with S. moniliformis and spirillary RBF by Spirillum minus (2,3). (cdc.gov)
The high isolation rate of aerobic bacteria and their increased resistance to the commonly used antibiotics warrants the need to practise aseptic procedures and rational use of antimicrobial agents leading to minimize infection rate and emergence of drug resistance. (who.int)

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in hot springs of neutral to alkaline pH, as well as in hot-water heaters. (ucdenver.edu)

Thus, Klavam affects bakteritsidno a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (including strains which gained resistance to a beta laktamnym to antibiotics owing to products beta laktamaz). (rxeli.com)

Aztreonam is a new, synthetic, monobactam beta-lactam antibiotic with activity directed specifically against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)
Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) is a new, completely synthetic, monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic with potent activity against most aerobic gram-negative bacteria. (nih.gov)

Levels of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin in bulk and aerosolized corn silage. (cdc.gov)
Very high levels of total aerobic bacteria and fungi were found in the surface sample (up to 10(9) CFU/g in the bulk sample and up to 10(9) CFU/m3 after aerosolization), whereas the corresponding values from the deepest site were 100 to 50,000 times lower. (cdc.gov)
Possible emergence and overgrowth of nonsusceptible bacteria or fungi. (drugs.com)
They are also synthesized by some fungi and non-photosynthetic bacteria [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Usually continued for ≥48 hours after cultures are negative and patient becomes afebrile and asymptomatic. (drugs.com)

Bacteriostatic action against susceptible bacteria. (mhmedical.com)
It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria.Flucloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum, semisynthetic isoxazolyl penicillin with antibacterial activity. (illnesshacker.com)

Moraxella catarrhalis is a Gram-negative diplococcus, which means it's a spherical-shaped bacteria that usually hangs out in pairs of two. (osmosis.org)
Now, Moraxella catarrhalis has a thin peptidoglycan layer, so it doesn't retain the crystal violet dye during Gram staining. (osmosis.org)
Moraxella catarrhalis is also non-motile, non-spore forming, aerobic, which means it needs oxygen to survive, and oxidase positive, which means it produces an enzyme called oxidase. (osmosis.org)
Moraxella catarrhalis is a type of gram-negative, diplococcus, aerobic bacteria, which is commonly found in human respiratory tract. (osmosis.org)

Microbial drug resistance -- The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. (nih.gov)
The use of natural microbial carotenoid producers, such as bacteria of the genus Paracoccus ( Alphaproteobacteria ), may help to optimize this process. (biomedcentral.com)

The Infectious Diseases Society of America pneumonia guidelines recommend Gram staining and culture of expectorated sputum for inpatients with CAP [1]. (who.int)

The bacteria can then spread through the blood to cause systemic disease and cross the blood-brain barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to cause meningitis. (cdc.gov)

The results show that contact with dust from the surface of silage carries the risk of exposure to high concentrations of microorganisms, of which A. fumigatus and endotoxin-producing bacteria are the most probable disease agents. (cdc.gov)

At doses of 1-8 g per day, aztreonam was administered parenterally to patients with serious gram-negative infections of the urinary tract or other sites. (nih.gov)

This study investigated common aerobic bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with clinical diagnosis of post-surgical wound infections. (who.int)

Culture [bacterial] -- To grow bacteria in a special medium, such as agar, which allows for their rapid reproduction. (nih.gov)

A genus of bacteria capable of developing within other bacteria. (umassmed.edu)

The bacteria attach to and multiply in the mucosal cells of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and, in a small proportion (much less than 1%) of persons, penetrate the mucosal cells and enter the bloodstream. (cdc.gov)

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets and other antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
Trimethoprim is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. (tcichemicals.com)

Strain 094T (= CSUR B1097T=DSM 28004T), isolated from the blood of an infected rodent (Mastomys erythroleucus) in Senegal, is an aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium. (bvsalud.org)

Taye, colonies were subjected to Gram staining and 2005;Endalafer et al . (who.int)

This bacterium does not survive on inanimate surfaces. (freece.com)

Blood cultures obtained on July 29 were incubated for 5 days, then discarded because they were negative. (cdc.gov)

Gene transfer from a bacterium injected into an aquifer to an indigenous bacterium. (nih.gov)

Active surveillance was initiated to detect cases of febrile illness among the boys' teammates on a local youth baseball team and at area hospitals and laboratories to identify suspected cases of Gram-negative bacteremia. (cdc.gov)

Although data are limited in humans, studies highlight of known bacteria, the vast majority of which belong to the the importance of changes in the intestinal microbiota in alcohol- phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (Ley et al. (nih.gov)

The term can also refer to the colony of bacteria resulting from this process, or to the laboratory cultivation of living tissue cells. (nih.gov)

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude prospective a été menée dans six hôpitaux d'Edmonton (Canada) afin de déterminer les facteurs associés à l'obtention d'expectorations à des fins de mise en culture et les effets de celle-ci sur la prise en charge des patients atteints de pneumonie communautaire (PC). (who.int)

To evaluate the prevalence of bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and compare the suction trap collector to direct aspiration attached to a syringe for the microbiological analysis of these secretions. (bjorl.org)

A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (nih.gov)
Instead, like any other Gram-negative bacteria, it stains pink with safranin dye. (osmosis.org)

Studies of freshwater bacteria: II. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Amplio grupo de bacterias aerobias, que adquieren color rosado (negativas) cuando se tratan con el método de tinción de Gram. (bvsalud.org)
Esto se debe a que las paredes celulares de las bacterias gramnegativas son pobres en peptidoglicanos y, en consecuencia, tienen escasa afinidad por la tinción violeta y una alta afinidad por el color rojizo de la safranina. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy3

Organisms29

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes30

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care9

Geographicals3

RFLP of rRNA genes and sequencing of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: a phylogenetic approach. (1/555)

Roseovarius tolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a budding bacterium with variable bacteriochlorophyll a production from hypersaline Ekho Lake. (2/555)

Complete sequence of a 184-kilobase catabolic plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199. (3/555)

Overexpression of the alanine carrier protein gene from thermophilic bacterium PS3 in Escherichia coli. (4/555)

Procedure for expediting determinations of antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative, urinary tract pathogens. (5/555)

Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-4-hydroxybutyric acid) and poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) without subsequent degradation by Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. (6/555)

Amino acid composition of peptidoglycan in Caulobacter crescentus. (7/555)

A corrinoid-dependent catabolic pathway for growth of a Methylobacterium strain with chloromethane. (8/555)

Bacteria, Aerobic

Bacteria

Gram-Negative Bacteria

Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria

Gram-Positive Bacteria

Bacteria, Anaerobic

Aerobiosis

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Bacterial Infections

Phylogeny

DNA, Bacterial

DNA, Ribosomal

Molecular Sequence Data

Soil Microbiology

Bacteriological Techniques

Enterobacteriaceae

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Biodegradation, Environmental

Base Composition

Water Microbiology

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria

Anaerobiosis

Escherichia coli

Colony Count, Microbial

Culture Media

Bacterial Proteins

Fungi

Genes, rRNA

Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci

Fatty Acids

Bacteroides fragilis

Seawater

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Geologic Sediments

Phytochemicals

Bacteremia

Actinomycetales

Peptostreptococcus

Anti-Infective Agents

Species Specificity

Bacillus

Plant Extracts

Pseudomonas

Rhodobacteraceae

Bacteroides

Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections

Gammaproteobacteria

Sepsis

Klebsiella Infections

Gangrene

Sphingomonas

Bacteroides Infections

RNA, Bacterial

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Sodium Chloride

Gentian Violet

Alphaproteobacteria

Food Microbiology

Eye Infections, Bacterial

Limulus Test

Metronidazole

Sewage

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Genes, Bacterial

Feces

Staphylococcus

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Phenazines

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Wound Infection

Lipopolysaccharides

Endotoxins

Korea

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Staphylococcus aureus

Phenotype

Oxidation-Reduction