Immunological rejection of tumor tissue/cells following bone marrow transplantation.
An immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when immunologically competent cells are transplanted to an immunologically incompetent host; the resulting clinical picture is that of GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE.
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.
The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.
Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.
Immunological rejection of leukemia cells following bone marrow transplantation.
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the H-Y antigen.
Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.

Feasibility of immunotherapy of relapsed leukemia with ex vivo-generated cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hematopoietic system-restricted minor histocompatibility antigens. (1/164)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a common treatment of hematologic malignancies. Recurrence of the underlying malignancy is a major cause of treatment failure. Donor-derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for patients' minor histocompatibility antigens (mHags) play an important role in both graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) reactivities. mHags HA-1 and HA-2 induce HLA-A*0201-restricted CTLs in vivo and are exclusively expressed on hematopoietic cells, including leukemic cells and leukemic precursors, but not on fibroblasts, keratinocytes, or liver cells. The chemical nature of the mHags HA-1 and HA-2 is known. We investigated the feasibility of ex vivo generation of mHag HA-1- and HA-2-specific CTLs from unprimed mHag HA-1- and/or HA-2-negative healthy blood donors. HA-1 and HA-2 synthetic peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) were used as antigen-presenting cells (APC) to stimulate autologous unprimed CD8(+) T cells. The ex vivo-generated HA-1- and HA-2-specific CTLs efficiently lyse leukemic cells derived from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) patients. No lytic reactivity was detected against nonhematopoietic cells. Sufficient numbers of the CTLs can be obtained for the adoptive immunotherapy purposes. In conclusion, we present a feasible, novel therapy for the treatment for relapsed leukemia after BMT with a low risk of GVHD.  (+info)

Rejection of an MHC class II negative tumor following induction of murine syngeneic graft-versus-host disease. (2/164)

Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been used clinically to induce graft-versus-host disease following autologous bone marrow transplantation in an attempt to destroy residual leukemia cells and reduce relapse. To analyze the antitumor potential of murine syngeneic graft-versus-host disease (SGVHD), C3H/HeN mice were lethally irradiated, reconstituted with T cell-depleted syngeneic bone marrow (ATBM) and treated with CsA for 21 days. Graft-versus-leukemia activity was assessed by challenging groups of olive oil-treated control ATBM (OO-ATBM) and CsA-treated (CsA-ATBM) mice 1 week after CsA therapy with graded doses of the syngeneic 38C13 B cell lymphoma. Following CsA treatment, up to 70% of CsA-ATBM developed SGVHD and more than 70% of the animals injected with 500 38C13 cells exhibited long-term survival (MST >80 days). In contrast, none of the OO-ATBM control mice developed SGVHD, and more than 75% of these mice died following injection of 500 38C13 tumor cells (MST = 34 days). Long-term survivors were not resistant to tumor challenge suggesting that tumor-specific immunity did not develop. Finally, class II negative 38C13 cells cultured in IL-4 or IL-10 were not inducible for MHC class II molecules, demonstrating that class II-independent antitumor mechanisms exist in SGVHD mice.  (+info)

Graft-versus-leukemia effect and graft-versus-host disease can be differentiated by cytotoxic mechanisms in a murine model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (3/164)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is associated with both graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. In the present study, we examined the contribution of cytotoxic effector mechanisms, which are mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas ligand (FasL), or perforin, to GVHD and GVL effect in a murine BMT model. Bone marrow cells plus spleen cells (BMS) from wild-type, FasL-defective, or perforin-deficient donors were transferred into lethally irradiated recipients in the parent (C57BL/6) to F1 (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) BMT model with or without prior inoculation of DBA/2 leukemia L1210 or P815 mast cytoma cells. The effect of anti-TNF-alpha antibody administration was also examined. Whereas the defect or blockade of each cytotoxic pathway could ameliorate lethal acute GVHD, the GVL effect was differentially affected. The wild-type BMS recipients died of acute GVHD within 50 days without residual leukemia cells. The FasL-defective BMS recipients showed 60%< survival over 80 days without acute GVHD or residual leukemia cells. Administration of anti-TNF-alpha antibody resulted in early leukemia relapse and the recipients died within 25 days with massive leukemia infiltration in the liver. The perforin-deficient BMS recipients died within 60 days with residual leukemia cells. These results suggest that blockade of the Fas/FasL pathway could be used for ameliorating GVHD without impairing GVL effect in allo-BMT.  (+info)

Enhancement of graft-versus-tumor activity and graft-versus-host disease by pretransplant immunization of allogeneic bone marrow donors with a recipient-derived tumor cell vaccine. (4/164)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can be accompanied by a beneficial T cell-mediated antitumor immune response known as graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity. However, BMT donor T cells are not exposed to target antigens of GVT activity until transfer to the host, where tumor antigen presentation may be suboptimal. This study tested in a murine model the hypothesis that immunization of MHC-matched allogeneic donors with a recipient-derived tumor cell vaccine would substantially increase GVT activity and extend survival of BMT recipients with preexisting micrometastatic tumor. C3H.SW and C57BL/10 mice were immunized against a C57BL/6-derived fibrosarcoma or leukemia, and they were used as BMT donors. Recipients were H-2-matched, minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched C57BL/6 mice with previously established micrometastatic tumors. Donor immunization led to a significant increase in GVT activity that was T cell dependent and cell dose dependent. In some settings, donor immunization also prolonged survival of recipients with preexisting micrometastatic tumors. However, donor immunization significantly increased the incidence of fatal graft-versus-host disease such that long-term survival was uncommon. In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that donor immunization induced both tumor-selective and alloreactive cytolytic T-cell populations. In vivo cross-protection assays showed that a substantial portion of the GVT effect was mediated by alloreactive cells not specific for the immunizing tumor. In conclusion, immunization of allogeneic BMT donors with a recipient-derived whole tumor cell vaccine substantially increases GVT activity but also exacerbates graft-versus-host disease.  (+info)

Induction of a graft-versus-leukemia reaction by cyclosporin A withdrawal as immunotherapy for leukemia relapsing after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (5/164)

We studied the immunomodulating effect of withdrawal of immunosuppression with cyclosporin A (CsA) in 42 patients with leukemic relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (n = 24), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 13) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 5) after allogeneic unmanipulated bone marrow (BMT) or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Response to CsA withdrawal was monitored molecularly by the polymerase chain reaction for elimination of CML cells containing the bcr-abl messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript (n = 24), or mll-af4 mRNA transcript characteristic of leukemic cells with a 11q23 chromosomal abnormality (n = 1). Rapid tapering of CsA resulted in subsequent achievement of cytogenetic remission in 11 of 14 CML patients (79%) who relapsed in early disease phase (n = 9 cytogenetic relapse, n = 2 hematological relapse) after a median of 57 days. Three of 13 AML patients and one of five ALL patients achieved complete remission. CsA withdrawal was accompanied by the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade II in most of the 24 patients with CML. Two patients who achieved remission of AML or ALL died from severe GVHD grade III-IV. We calculated a probability of 84% for achieving and remaining in remission with early relapse of CML 4 years after relapse post BMT, whereas patients with AML have only a probability of about 10% of achieving and remaining in remission after 3 years. Patients with advanced CML and ALL had no chance of achieving and remaining in remission in the same time period.  (+info)

Relapse of chronic myeloid leukaemia 14 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (6/164)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who are relatively young and have suitable donors. Relapse is rare more than 5 years after allografting. We describe a patient who relapsed with myeloid blast transformation 14 years after allografting. This case suggests that leukaemia stem cells may on occasion remain quiescent for long periods and emphasises the importance of long-term follow-up after transplantation for CML.  (+info)

Opposing roles of CD28:B7 and CTLA-4:B7 pathways in regulating in vivo alloresponses in murine recipients of MHC disparate T cells. (7/164)

Blockade with B7 antagonists interferes with CD28:B7 and CTLA-4:B7 interactions, which may have opposing effects. We have examined the roles of CD28:B7 and CTLA-4:B7 on in vivo alloresponses. A critical role of B7:CD28 was demonstrated by markedly compromised expansion of CD28-deficient T cells and diminished graft-versus-host disease lethality of limited numbers of purified CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. When high numbers of T cells were infused, the requirement for CD28:B7 interaction was lessened. In lethally irradiated recipients, anti-CTLA-4 mAb enhanced in vivo donor T cell expansion, but did not affect, on a per cell basis, anti-host proliferative or CTL responses of donor T cells. Graft-versus-host lethality was accelerated by anti-CTLA-4 mAb infusion given early post-bone marrow transplantation (BMT), mostly in a CD28-dependent fashion. Donor T cells obtained from anti-CTLA-4 mAb-treated recipients were skewed toward a Th2 phenotype. Enhanced T cell expansion in mAb-treated recipients was strikingly advantageous in the graft-versus-leukemia effects of delayed donor lymphocyte infusion. In two different systems, anti-CTLA-4 mAb enhanced the rejection of allogeneic T cell-depleted marrow infused into sublethally irradiated recipients. We conclude that blockade of the selective CD28-B7 interactions early post-BMT, which preserve CTLA-4:B7 interactions, would be preferable to blocking both pathways. For later post-BMT, the selective blockade of CTLA-4:B7 interactions provides a potent and previously unidentified means for augmenting the GVL effect of delayed donor lymphocyte infusion.  (+info)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized allogeneic stem cell transplantation maintains graft-versus-leukemia effects through a perforin-dependent pathway while preventing graft-versus-host disease. (8/164)

Minimization of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with preservation of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is a crucial step to improve the overall survival of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for patients with hematological malignancies. We and other investigators have shown that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) reduces the severity of acute GVHD in murine models. In this study, we investigated whether G-CSF-mobilized PBSC maintain their GVL effect in a murine allogeneic transplant model (B6 --> B6D2F1). B6 mice (H-2(b)) were injected subcutaneously with human G-CSF (100 micrograms/kg/d) for 6 days and their splenocytes were harvested on day 7 as a source of PBSC. G-CSF mobilization dramatically improved transplant survival compared with nonmobilized controls (95% v 0%, P <.001). Systemic levels of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were markedly reduced in recipients of allogeneic G-CSF-mobilized donors, but cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against host tumor target cells p815 was retained in those recipients. When leukemia was induced in recipients by coinjection of p815 tumor cells (H-2(d)) at the time of transplantation, all surviving recipients of G-CSF-mobilized B6 donors were leukemia-free at day 70 after transplant, whereas all mice who received T-cell-depleted (TCD) splenocytes from G-CSF-mobilized B6 donors died of leukemia. When splenocytes from G-CSF-mobilized perforin-deficient (pfp-/-) mice were used for transplantation, 90% of recipients died of leukemia, demonstrating that perforin is a crucial pathway mediating GVL effects after G-CSF-mobilized PBSCT. These data illustrate that G-CSF-mobilized allogeneic PBSCT separate GVL from GVHD by preserving perforin-dependent donor CTL activity while reducing systemic inflammation.  (+info)

The "Graft vs Tumor Effect" is a term used in the field of transplantation medicine, particularly in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It refers to the anti-tumor activity exhibited by donor immune cells (graft) against residual malignant cells (tumor) in the recipient's body.

After HSCT, the donor's immune system is reconstituted in the recipient's body. If the donor and recipient are not identical, there may be differences in their major and minor histocompatibility antigens, which can lead to a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues. However, these same donor immune cells can also recognize and target any residual tumor cells in the recipient's body, leading to a graft vs tumor effect.

This effect can contribute to the elimination of residual malignant cells and reduce the risk of relapse, particularly in hematological malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma. However, it is important to balance this effect with the risk of GVHD, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, strategies such as donor selection, graft manipulation, and immunosuppressive therapy are used to optimize the graft vs tumor effect while minimizing GVHD.

A "Graft versus Host Reaction" (GVHR) is a condition that can occur after an organ or bone marrow transplant, where the immune cells in the graft (transplanted tissue) recognize and attack the recipient's (host's) tissues as foreign. This reaction occurs because the donor's immune cells (graft) are able to recognize the host's cells as different from their own due to differences in proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs).

The GVHR can affect various organs, including the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Symptoms may include rash, diarrhea, jaundice, and respiratory distress. The severity of the reaction can vary widely, from mild to life-threatening.

To prevent or reduce the risk of GVHR, immunosuppressive drugs are often given to the recipient before and after transplantation to suppress their immune system and prevent it from attacking the graft. Despite these measures, GVHR can still occur in some cases, particularly when there is a significant mismatch between the donor and recipient HLAs.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a condition that can occur after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), where the donated immune cells (graft) recognize the recipient's tissues (host) as foreign and attack them. This results in inflammation and damage to various organs, particularly the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver.

Acute GVHD typically occurs within 100 days of transplantation and is characterized by symptoms such as rash, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction. Chronic GVHD, on the other hand, can occur after 100 days or even years post-transplant and may present with a wider range of symptoms, including dry eyes and mouth, skin changes, lung involvement, and issues with mobility and flexibility in joints.

GVHD is a significant complication following allogeneic HSCT and can have a substantial impact on the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis. Preventative measures, such as immunosuppressive therapy, are often taken to reduce the risk of GVHD, but its management remains a challenge in transplant medicine.

Graft survival, in medical terms, refers to the success of a transplanted tissue or organ in continuing to function and integrate with the recipient's body over time. It is the opposite of graft rejection, which occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted tissue as foreign and attacks it, leading to its failure.

Graft survival depends on various factors, including the compatibility between the donor and recipient, the type and location of the graft, the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, and the overall health of the recipient. A successful graft survival implies that the transplanted tissue or organ has been accepted by the recipient's body and is functioning properly, providing the necessary physiological support for the recipient's survival and improved quality of life.

Homologous transplantation is a type of transplant surgery where organs or tissues are transferred between two genetically non-identical individuals of the same species. The term "homologous" refers to the similarity in structure and function of the donated organ or tissue to the recipient's own organ or tissue.

For example, a heart transplant from one human to another is an example of homologous transplantation because both organs are hearts and perform the same function. Similarly, a liver transplant, kidney transplant, lung transplant, and other types of organ transplants between individuals of the same species are also considered homologous transplantations.

Homologous transplantation is in contrast to heterologous or xenogeneic transplantation, where organs or tissues are transferred from one species to another, such as a pig heart transplanted into a human. Homologous transplantation is more commonly performed than heterologous transplantation due to the increased risk of rejection and other complications associated with xenogeneic transplants.

The "Graft versus Leukemia (GvL) Effect" is a term used in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to describe a desirable outcome where the donor's immune cells (graft) recognize and attack the recipient's leukemia cells (host). This effect occurs when the donor's T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and other immune cells become activated against the recipient's malignant cells.

The GvL effect is often observed in patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), where the donor and recipient are not genetically identical. The genetic disparity between the donor and recipient creates an environment that allows for the recognition of host leukemia cells as foreign, triggering an immune response against them.

While the GvL effect can be beneficial in eliminating residual leukemia cells, it can also lead to complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's healthy tissues. Balancing the GvL effect and minimizing GvHD remains a significant challenge in allo-HSCT.

Graft occlusion in the context of vascular surgery refers to the complete or partial blockage of a blood vessel that has been surgically replaced or repaired with a graft. The graft can be made from either synthetic materials or autologous tissue (taken from another part of the patient's body).

Graft occlusion can occur due to various reasons, including:

1. Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within the graft, which can obstruct blood flow.
2. Intimal hyperplasia: Overgrowth of the inner lining (intima) of the graft or the adjacent native vessel, causing narrowing of the lumen and reducing blood flow.
3. Atherosclerosis: Deposition of cholesterol and other substances in the walls of the graft, leading to hardening and narrowing of the vessel.
4. Infection: Bacterial or fungal infection of the graft can cause inflammation, weakening, and ultimately occlusion of the graft.
5. Mechanical factors: Kinking, twisting, or compression of the graft can lead to obstruction of blood flow.

Graft occlusion is a significant complication following vascular surgery, as it can result in reduced perfusion to downstream tissues and organs, leading to ischemia (lack of oxygen supply) and potential tissue damage or loss.

Tumor markers are substances that can be found in the body and their presence can indicate the presence of certain types of cancer or other conditions. Biological tumor markers refer to those substances that are produced by cancer cells or by other cells in response to cancer or certain benign (non-cancerous) conditions. These markers can be found in various bodily fluids such as blood, urine, or tissue samples.

Examples of biological tumor markers include:

1. Proteins: Some tumor markers are proteins that are produced by cancer cells or by other cells in response to the presence of cancer. For example, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by normal prostate cells and in higher amounts by prostate cancer cells.
2. Genetic material: Tumor markers can also include genetic material such as DNA, RNA, or microRNA that are shed by cancer cells into bodily fluids. For example, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is genetic material from cancer cells that can be found in the bloodstream.
3. Metabolites: Tumor markers can also include metabolic products produced by cancer cells or by other cells in response to cancer. For example, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme that is released into the bloodstream when cancer cells break down glucose for energy.

It's important to note that tumor markers are not specific to cancer and can be elevated in non-cancerous conditions as well. Therefore, they should not be used alone to diagnose cancer but rather as a tool in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical evaluations.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine, a type of small signaling protein involved in immune response and inflammation. It is primarily produced by activated macrophages, although other cell types such as T-cells, natural killer cells, and mast cells can also produce it.

TNF-α plays a crucial role in the body's defense against infection and tissue injury by mediating inflammatory responses, activating immune cells, and inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in certain types of cells. It does this by binding to its receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, which are found on the surface of many cell types.

In addition to its role in the immune response, TNF-α has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, as well as cancer, where it can promote tumor growth and metastasis.

Therapeutic agents that target TNF-α, such as infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept, have been developed to treat these conditions. However, these drugs can also increase the risk of infections and other side effects, so their use must be carefully monitored.

Tumor burden is a term used to describe the total amount of cancer in the body. It can refer to the number of tumors, the size of the tumors, or the amount of cancer cells in the body. In research and clinical trials, tumor burden is often measured to assess the effectiveness of treatments or to monitor disease progression. High tumor burden can cause various symptoms and complications, depending on the type and location of the cancer. It can also affect a person's prognosis and treatment options.

A cell line that is derived from tumor cells and has been adapted to grow in culture. These cell lines are often used in research to study the characteristics of cancer cells, including their growth patterns, genetic changes, and responses to various treatments. They can be established from many different types of tumors, such as carcinomas, sarcomas, and leukemias. Once established, these cell lines can be grown and maintained indefinitely in the laboratory, allowing researchers to conduct experiments and studies that would not be feasible using primary tumor cells. It is important to note that tumor cell lines may not always accurately represent the behavior of the original tumor, as they can undergo genetic changes during their time in culture.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure where hematopoietic stem cells (immature cells that give rise to all blood cell types) are transplanted into a patient. This procedure is often used to treat various malignant and non-malignant disorders affecting the hematopoietic system, such as leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, inherited immune deficiency diseases, and certain genetic metabolic disorders.

The transplantation can be autologous (using the patient's own stem cells), allogeneic (using stem cells from a genetically matched donor, usually a sibling or unrelated volunteer), or syngeneic (using stem cells from an identical twin).

The process involves collecting hematopoietic stem cells, most commonly from the peripheral blood or bone marrow. The collected cells are then infused into the patient after the recipient's own hematopoietic system has been ablated (or destroyed) using high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. This allows the donor's stem cells to engraft, reconstitute, and restore the patient's hematopoietic system.

HSCT is a complex and potentially risky procedure with various complications, including graft-versus-host disease, infections, and organ damage. However, it offers the potential for cure or long-term remission in many patients with otherwise fatal diseases.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA) are proteins that exist in cells which can stimulate an immune response, particularly in the context of transplantation. Unlike major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, which are highly polymorphic and well-known to trigger strong immune responses, miHA are generally less variable and may not be as immediately apparent to the immune system.

Minor histocompatibility antigens can arise from differences in genetic sequences that code for proteins outside of the MHC region. These differences can result in the production of altered or unique peptides that can be presented on the surface of cells via MHC molecules, where they may be recognized as foreign by the immune system.

In the context of transplantation, the recipient's immune system may recognize and attack donor tissues expressing these miHA, leading to graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). This is particularly relevant in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), where the transferred stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, including immune cells that may recognize and attack the recipient's tissues.

Understanding miHA and their role in transplant rejection has led to the development of strategies to minimize graft rejection and GVHD, such as T-cell depletion or targeted therapies against specific miHA.

Transplantation conditioning, also known as preparative regimen or immunoablative therapy, refers to the use of various treatments prior to transplantation of cells, tissues or organs. The main goal of transplantation conditioning is to suppress the recipient's immune system, allowing for successful engraftment and minimizing the risk of rejection of the donor tissue.

There are two primary types of transplantation conditioning: myeloablative and non-myeloablative.

1. Myeloablative conditioning is a more intensive regimen that involves the use of high-dose chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both. This approach eliminates not only immune cells but also stem cells in the bone marrow, requiring the recipient to receive a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) from the donor to reconstitute their blood and immune system.
2. Non-myeloablative conditioning is a less intensive regimen that primarily targets immune cells while sparing the stem cells in the bone marrow. This approach allows for mixed chimerism, where both recipient and donor immune cells coexist, reducing the risk of severe complications associated with myeloablative conditioning.

The choice between these two types of transplantation conditioning depends on various factors, including the type of transplant, patient's age, overall health, and comorbidities. Both approaches carry risks and benefits, and the decision should be made carefully by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals in consultation with the patient.

... (GvT) appears after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The graft contains ... Rezvani AR, Storb RF (May 2008). "Separation of graft-vs.-tumor effects from graft-vs.-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic ... Graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) is a specific type of GvT effect. As the name of this effect indicates, GvL is a reaction against ... March 2005). "Graft-versus-tumor effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning ...
However, these types of transplants come at a cost of diminished graft-versus-tumor effect, greater risk of engraftment failure ... Graft-versus-tumor effect Immunosuppression Transplant rejection Williamson, Lorna M. (1998-09-01). "Transfusion associated ... Falkenburg JH, Jedema I (December 2017). "Graft versus tumor effects and why people relapse". Hematology. American Society of ... to separate the undesirable graft-vs-host disease aspects of T-cell physiology from the desirable graft-versus-tumor effect. ...
These veto cells can also exert graft vs tumor effect. HIV has been confirmed to target CD4+ T cells and destroy them, making T ... it can cause a delay in recovery of the immune system of the transplanted individual and a decreased Graft-versus-tumor effect ... Depletion post infection has no effect on the NK cells. A preliminary study of the effect on TCD in arthritis in mice models ... Ex vivo techniques enable a more accurate count of the T cells in a graft and also has the option to 'addback' a set number of ...
Graft-versus-tumor effect (GVT), or "graft versus leukemia" effect, is the beneficial aspect of the GvHD phenomenon. For ... In certain leukemias, though, this can coincide with protection against cancer relapse owing to the graft-versus-tumor effect. ... March 2005). "Graft-versus-tumor effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning ... Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center > Blood & Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation > The Graft-versus-Tumor Effect Archived 4 ...
Anti-3rd party veto cells have also been shown to have Graft-versus-tumor effect Ophir, Eran; Reisner, Yair (2012-05-02). "The ... These are the same T-cells that mediate graft rejection. This means that the addition of donor-veto cells to the donor graft ... Graft rejection is the main problem. Addition of donor-veto cells to the graft can provide one solution to this problem. Veto ... The large number of veto cells helped overcome the graft rejection that was mediated by the host CD8 T-cell precursors. An ...
This kind of treatment also requires reconstruction of the affected area, with bone grafts often being the preferred choice for ... This is done when the tumour is large or is deemed to have a high chance of malignant transformation. In some cases the fibroma ... Enucleation is the removal of an organ or tumor in such a way that it comes out clean and whole. Thorough enucleation is ... An ameloblastic fibroma is a fibroma of the ameloblastic tissue, that is, an odontogenic tumor arising from the enamel organ or ...
November 2012). "A TLR5 agonist enhances CD8(+) T cell-mediated graft-versus-tumor effect without exacerbating graft-versus- ... effects. Tissue protective effects of TLR5 agonists are limited to normal tissues and do not involve protection of tumors from ... Preclinical studies have shown that entolimod has a suppressive effect on growth of TLR5 expressing tumors. Entolimod has also ... Clinical trial number NCT01527136 for "Entolimod in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors That ...
... replacing high-dose cytotoxic therapy with graft-versus-tumor effects". Blood. 97 (11): 3390-3400. doi:10.1182/BLOOD.V97.11. ...
Sustaining the graft-versus-tumor effect through posttransplant immunization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating ... That study uses a whole-cell, CpG-activated, autologous tumor vaccine to induce anti-tumor immunity followed by leukapheresis ... tumor-associated antigens, or whole tumor cells, can induce specific T-cell mediated immune responses. A number of approaches ... Because of the logistic difficulty of obtaining tumor-specific T cells via the ex vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating cells, a ...
Graft-versus-host disease Graft-versus-tumor effect Immunosuppression Transplant engineering Frohn C, Fricke L, Puchta JC, ... whereas acute rejection episodes with return to function back to baseline do not have major effects on graft survival. Chronic ... Graft failure secondary to hyperacute rejection has significantly decreased in incidence as a result of improved pre-transplant ... The greater the difference in MHC between donor and recipient, the more cytotoxic T-cells are recruited to damage the graft, ...
A patient with Huntington disease was treated with foetal brain cells which led to a brain tumour due to graft overgrowth. Due ... As PD progresses, these pharmaceutical interventions lose efficacy and result in greater side-effects. Foetal brain cell graft ... instead grafted cells homogenised with the environment and developed morphological and functional features of the affected PD ... Grafting is a surgical procedure involving the replacement of damaged or missing body tissues from a healthy body, in which ...
... match can also prevent graft versus leukemia effect (GvL) as well as the graft versus host disease (GvHD). NKG2D is an ... Many tumors avoid the cytotoxicity by excreting soluble NKG2D ligands or secreting TGF-β, leading to the downregulation of the ... The level of expression of NKG2 genes is not constant, rather it is affected by cytokine environment (mainly interleukin-2 (IL- ...
Her work in this time on the graft-versus-tumor effect become "the first major application of the proportional hazards model ... and in particular on the graft-versus-tumor effect. She is Curators' Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Statistics at the ...
The health effects of benign tumor growth may be more prominent if the tumor is contained within an enclosed space such as the ... Treatment of enchondromas involves surgical curettage and grafting. Lipomas are benign, subcutaneous tumors of fat cells ( ... Some forms of benign tumors may be harmful to health. Benign tumor growth causes a mass effect that can compress neighboring ... Bowel intussusception can occur with various benign colonic tumors. Cosmetic effects can be caused by tumors, especially those ...
Ye H, Zhang Y, Geng L, Li Z (February 2015). "Cdc42 expression in cervical cancer and its effects on cervical tumor invasion ... Wilson JM, Menkhaus P, Gustin BW (May 1987). "Volume and outcome of coronary artery bypass graft surgery". JAMA. 257 (18): 2434 ... Another study found that Cdc42 drives the process of initiating a metastatic tumor in a new tissue by promoting the expression ... In mice, systemic AZA197 treatment in vivo reduced primary tumor growth and prolonged survival. Therapy targeting Rho GTPase ...
The goal of this therapy is to induce a remission of the patient's cancer by a process called the graft-versus-tumor effect ( ... Porter D, Levine JE (2006). "Graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia after donor leukocyte infusion". Semin. ... GVT). The donor T-cells can attack and control the growth of residual cancer cells providing the GVT effect. It is hoped that ... to augment an anti-tumor immune response or ensure that the donor stem cells remain engrafted. These donated white blood cells ...
Chemokines are implicated in: Angiogenesis HIV-1 infection Tumour metastasis Haematopoiesis Graft rejection Embryonic ... Autoimmunity also affects sulfatide levels. When an enhanced antibody response against myelin lipids occurs, including ... Sulfatide also has a direct inhibitory effect on thrombosis. On the other hand, sulfatide also helps to improve blood ... Other cancers such as Wilms' tumor show no expression of sulfatide. Therefore, it appears that such increased levels of ...
Operation types range from organ repair and tumor extraction to skin grafts and bone repair. The DS titles make use of the ... Its effects vary between individuals, with demonstrated abilities including slowing time, healing patients, and stopping a ...
Therefore, in order to prevent adverse GVHD effects, immune cell restricted MiHAs are ideal targets for graft-versus- leukemia ... CD8+ T cells that are specific for a MiHA can target these antigens when they are expressed specifically on tumor cells, which ... Bleakley M, Riddell SR (2004). "Molecules and mechanisms of the graft-versus-leukaemia effect". Nature Reviews. Cancer. 4 (5): ... As a result, the donor T cells can target the recipients cells called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although graft or bone ...
... stochastic effects of radiation exposure during and after the bombings manifested in the growth of numerous burn keloid tumors ... Taniguchi also had multiple skin grafting surgeries on his back and left arm. Taniguchi devoted his life to informing people of ...
The inhibitor affects the dimerization of caspase-9 and causes a conformational change that affects the substrate-binding cleft ... In the context of graft versus host disease, caspase-9 can be introduced as an inducible switch. In the presence of a small ... CAR T cells are genetically modified T cells that exhibit cytotoxicity to tumor cells. Evidence shows that CAR T cells are ... A deficiency in caspase-9 largely affects the brain and its development. The effects of having a mutation or deficiency in this ...
... and will play a role as recipient-versus-tumor (RVT) effect combining donor cells' graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Donor's ... Microtransplantation (MST) is an advanced technology to treat malignant hematological diseases and tumors by infusing patients ... Practices of microtransplantation has shown none graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) till present, thus immunosuppressive drugs ... hematological disorder or tumor Not allergic to G-CSF Not pregnant or lactating In a randomized controlled trial from 2004 to ...
American statistician known for the design of adaptive clinical trials and for the graft-versus-tumor effect in bone marrow ... studied effects of air quality and racial inequality on health Elizabeth Stasny, American expert on missing data in surveys ... introduced random-effects meta-analysis and its application in clinical trials Jill Dever, American survey statistician Susan J ... studied contagion effect of mass shootings Andrea Troxel, American biostatistician, expert in behavioral economics in public ...
... graft vs host reaction MeSH G04.610.555.714.402.320 - graft vs tumor effect MeSH G04.610.555.714.402.320.320 - graft vs ... host vs graft reaction MeSH G04.610.555.714.545.328 - graft rejection MeSH G04.610.555.714.545.340 - graft survival MeSH ... plant tumors MeSH G04.742.800.400 - gravitropism MeSH G04.742.800.700 - phototropism The list continues at List of MeSH codes ( ... bystander effect MeSH G04.335.122.300 - embryonic induction MeSH G04.335.122.600 - paracrine communication MeSH G04.335.122.850 ...
... since the donor's immune cells will often attack the tumor in a phenomenon known as graft-versus-tumor effect. For this reason ... Since chemotherapy affects the whole body, it can have a wide range of side effects. Patients often find that they start losing ... Fetal tumors are sometimes diagnosed while still in utero. Teratoma is the most common type of fetal tumor, and usually is ... which can bind to cell surface receptors or affected extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor. Radionuclides which are ...
... a Brazilian television channel Glyn Valley Tramway in Wales Graft-versus-tumor effect in transplantation medicine Grand Valley ...
Instead of amputation, the affected bone is removed and replaced in one of two ways: (a) bone graft, in which bone is taken ... This newer classification categorises bone tumors into cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrogenic tumors, vascular tumors ... Clinical features of a bone tumor depend on the type of tumor and which part of which bone is affected. Symptoms and signs ... Primary tumors of bone can be divided into benign tumors and cancers. Common benign bone tumors may be neoplastic, ...
Fragment crystallizable region Freund's adjuvant Gc-MAF Gluten immunochemistry Glycoprotein 130 Graft versus tumor effect ... TPBG Transfer factor TRIF TRIM5alpha Trogocytosis Tuberculin Tumor necrosis factor alpha Tumor necrosis factor receptor Tumor ...
Vascular tumors, include hemangiomas, the most common tumors in infants, occurring in 1-2%, and higher in 10% of premature ... Moreover, adult onset has been described too with mainly males being affected. Both sexes are affected equally in children. ... Involuted RICH may leave behind atrophic tissue, which can be reconstructed with autologous grafts. It is often best to ... vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Although vascular tumors and vascular malformations can resemble each other, there ...
... and/or Enhanced grafting of adoptively transferred, tumor-reactive effector T cells by the creation of an immunologic space ... Most people develop side effects. Common side effects include low white blood cell counts, loss of appetite, vomiting, hair ... Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major barrier for allogeneic stem cell transplant because of the immune reactions of ... GVHD can often be avoided by T-cell depletion of the graft. The use of a high dose cyclophosphamide post-transplant in a half ...
Graft-versus-tumor effect (GvT) appears after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The graft contains ... Rezvani AR, Storb RF (May 2008). "Separation of graft-vs.-tumor effects from graft-vs.-host disease in allogeneic hematopoietic ... Graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) is a specific type of GvT effect. As the name of this effect indicates, GvL is a reaction against ... March 2005). "Graft-versus-tumor effects after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning ...
Because the skin often is the earliest organ affected in GVHD, dermatologists are crucial members of the patients treatment ... Dermatologic manifestations are an important aspect of graft versus host disease (GVHD). ... Many factors affect the balance between a graft-versus-tumor effect and GVHD, including genetic differences between donor and ... Inhibition of acute graft-versus-host disease with retention of graft-versus-tumor effects by the proteasome inhibitor ...
However, these types of transplants come at a cost of diminished graft-versus-tumor effect, greater risk of engraftment failure ... to separate the undesirable graft-vs-host disease aspects of T-cell physiology from the desirable graft-versus-tumor effect.[25 ... "Graft versus tumor effects and why people relapse". Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program. 2017 (1): ... as it is typically associated with a graft-versus-tumor effect.[citation needed].While glucocorticoids remain the first line of ...
Effects of immune serum and spleen cells on c3hf/he tumor graft survival in tennessee swiss mice. ... Growth:, Neoplasm:, Organs:, Serology:, Transplantation:, Types of Tumors:, Strains: C3HF (C3HB,ZB), TS ...
Healthcare providers call this "graft-versus-tumor" effect (GVT).. What cancers are treated with allogeneic stem cell ... Pre-treatment chemotherapy affects your immune systems ability to protect you from infections. To reduce that risk, youll be ... Close HLA matches also reduce the risk youll develop acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Acute GVHD symptoms ... Some medical treatments may affect transplantation.. What makes a good match for an allogeneic stem cell transplantation?. The ...
Graft versus tumor effect (1) * Immune responses to cancer (1) * IMMUNOTHERAPY (1) * Stem cell transplantation (1) ...
... replacing high-dose cytotoxic therapy with graft-versus-tumor effects. Blood 2001; 97: 3390-3400. ... Clinical manifestations of graft-versus-host disease in human recipients of marrow from HL-A-matched sibling donors. ... Recovery from established graft-vs-host disease achieved by bone marrow transplantation from a third-party allogeneic donor. ... Pidala J, Anasetti C . Glucocorticoid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16: 1504- ...
Each gene was encoded using KEGG and GO enrichment scores, which reflected how much a gene can affect this function. For each ... Each gene was encoded using KEGG and GO enrichment scores which reflected how much a gene can affect this function. For each ... Fibrosis can affect chronic graft rejection, tumor invasion and metastasis, and the pathogenesis of many progressive myopathies ... With regard to chronic graft rejection, fibrosis is one of the most common symptoms in chronic graft rejection. For example, ...
Icon enabled doctors to treat her sinus tumor without affecting the brain or the skin grafts. Her sinus tumor, called benign ... Whittenberg, 77, whose sinus tumor was treated. "No pain, no side effects." ... Whittenberg previously had skin cancer treatments that left her with skin grafts in several areas of her head, making her a ... Bradley Weprin are using the latest Gamma Knife technology to treat brain and head tumors in both children and adults. ...
A cancer procedure that could lead to patients being prescribed more accurate drug treatments with fewer side effects is being ... Tumour grafting involves extracting a patients live tumour and growing it in mice lacking an immune system. The live tumour ... A cancer procedure that could lead to patients being prescribed more accurate drug treatments with fewer side effects is being ... the procedure can achieve a 94 per cent genetic correlation between the grafted tumour in mice and the original tumour in ...
This desired characteristic of the donor cells is called the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reaction. ... In some patients, the GVT reaction is robust - but in others, the effect is suboptimal. To better understand the molecular ... affects the strength of the cells immune response and its cancer-killing ability following transplantation. ...
Donor T-Cell DNA Methylation in GVHD and the Graft-vs-Tumor Effect after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant The ... Using Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) to understand Pediatric Brain Tumor Initiation MD Anderson Cancer Center / Yuan Pan, PhD Young ... Genetic Susceptibility to Ototoxicity in Pediatric Germ Cell Tumor Survivors University of Minnesota / Jenny Poynter, MPH, PhD ...
Thus, in the present study we first evaluated the relevance of autophagy in GBM tumor specimens, then its occurrence in GSCs ... and if the modulation of autophagic process could affect GBM growth and survival. ... However, GBM, a very aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis even after surgery and radio-chemotherapy, invariably recurs ... Saline-treated control mice developed large infiltrating tumors in the brain hemisphere homolateral to the grafting side. Tumor ...
Targeting Glycolysis in Alloreactive T Cells to Prevent Acute Graft--Host Disease while Preserving Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect ... Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program Tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis depend not only on the tumor cell alone, but ... Tumor Imaging & Metabolism. Integrating and developing molecular imaging technologies to understand and monitor how tumors ... With the goal of understanding how complex interactions between tumor cells and their host contribute to cancer, the Host-Tumor ...
... the levels of hypoxia and proportion of the tumor that are hypoxic vary significantly. Importantly, even within tumors, oxygen ... Tumor hypoxia predicts for poor patient outcome, in part due to increased resistance to all standard therapies. However, it is ... Together, we highlight the importance of remembering that tumor hypoxia is not a static condition and that the fluctuations in ... Although the presence of tumor hypoxia is a common occurrence, ... Cosse, J.P.; Michiels, C. Tumour hypoxia affects the ...
... replacing high-dose cytotoxic therapy with graft-versus-tumor effects. Blood. 2001; 97(11):3390-3400. PubMedhttps://doi.org/ ... ATG reduced the cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease while it did not affect the rate of chronic graft- ... Bacigalupo A. Antilymphocyte/thymocyte globulin for graft versus host disease prophylaxis: efficacy and side effects. Bone ... Kröger N, Solano C, Wolschke C. Antilymphocyte Globulin for Prevention of chronic graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 ...
Human tumors with the mutation, grafted into mice, Plexxikons chief scientist told Dr. Flaherty, had stopped growing when ... And no amount seemed to induce side effects in dogs or monkeys. An investment in the drug by Roche, the Swiss pharmaceutical ... Their bodies were riddled with tumors, leaving them almost certainly just months to live. ...
While the graft-versus-tumor effect provided by the donor graft can be very powerful in controlling the disease, disease ... While the role for the individual cell population of the donor graft is not fully understood after allogeneic transplant, ... the transplant-related side effects and complications remain the biggest hurdles. ...
Patients who survive beyond age 22 years develop solid tumors at an average age of 35 years. Fortunately, these tumors are ... Allogeneic marrow grafting has not been performed in Bloom syndrome patients. Men with Bloom syndrome are sterile; women have ... Intelligence is usually normal, although mild deficiency has occurred in a few affected persons. Diabetes occurs in ... Frequent hematologic examinations in children are not advised for fear of untoward psychologic effects. ...
Discussing cancer that affects the sex organs can be difficult and uncomfortable. But dont let that stop you from getting the ... For example, stage IA means that the tumor is only in the vulva or perineum, is less than 2 centimeters (about the size of a ... A vulvar reconstruction in the form of a skin graft or skin flap may be necessary. Talk to your providers about your options, ... Stage III: The tumor has reached nearby organs like the vagina, urethra, or anus and the lymph nodes in the groin, but it has ...
The effect of Vorinostat (SAHA), a small molecular inhibitor of HDAC, on tumor growth and B7-H1 expression in a mouse GC model ... In the grafted mouse GC model, SAHA treatment suppressed tumor growth, inhibited B7-H1 expression, and elevated the percentage ... Although cMyc has often been described as an oncoprotein that preferentially contributes to the Warburg effect and tumor ... Our data revealed that reversing the Warburg effect with metformin sensitizes cells to the antitumor effects of HDAC3 ...
These ectoenzymes have been shown to be crucial for the vascular integrity of transplanted grafts. Further work has been ... CD39 biological activity boosts immune responses and results in heightened anticancer responses and rejection of grafted tumors ... Since the receptors of ATP and ADP and the receptors of adenosine often transduce opposite effects, the resulting cellular ... Kidney Tumor Program Limb Preservation Center Liver Center Liver Tumor Program Lung Cancer Program Medical Oncology Medicine ...
... graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the bodys ... graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the bodys ... Each follow-up visit will include a repeat of the screening exams and an evaluation of side effects or discomfort from the ... Patients with uveitis who are not responding well to steroid treatment and patients who have side effects from other medicines ...
He had undergone a tumor removal surgery 15 years back and did not have any problems till 2018. ... a 57-year-old man from Sudan was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. ... and the middle of the forehead which was affected due to the tumor was removed and thigh fascia and fat was used to re-graft ... Brain Tumor in Children. An abnormal growth of cells in the brain is called brain tumor. Most tumors arise within the brain ( ...
A benign tumor was found encompassing a large portion of Pablos chin, affecting the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) on both the ... Following tumor removal and jaw reconstruction, a bilateral reconstruction of his IAN was performed using Avance Nerve Graft ... The stylized "a" logo, Revolutionizing the Science of Nerve Repair and Avance Nerve Graft are trademarks of Axogen Corporation. ...
... mediated antitumor effects may be achieved without the risk of graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). Despite reports of clinical ... Developing strategies for manipulating NK cell products, host factors, and tumor targets are thus current subjects of diligent ...
... or prevented tumor establishment in a subset of the treated mice at the doses matching the ones required to prevent graft ... Our studies indicate that RAD has a strong inhibitory effect on PTLD-like and PTLD-derived B cells by suppressing their ... RAD markedly delayed growth or induced regression of established PTLD-related B-cell tumors. The drug completely eradicated ...
... low survival of the grafted cells and maybe even tumor formation. In this chapter I will describe the current techniques for ... The visual function of an eye gets affected due to defects involving some of its major parts, such as the cornea, lens and ... The greatest potential for induced pluripotent cells derived from affected individuals is likely to be their utility for ... The stability of these cells is critical to diminish potentially adverse effects following transplantation, such as host ...
  • The graft contains donor T cells (T lymphocytes) that can be beneficial for the recipient by eliminating residual malignant cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In allogeneic HSCT, donor T cells target malignant hematopoietic cell populations, creating a graft-versus-tumor effect. (medscape.com)
  • Babiker Hassabelgawi Ahmed, a 57-year-old man from Sudan was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and had undergone a tumor removal surgery 15 years back. (medindia.net)
  • On clinical presentation, features like facial weakness, pain and paresthesia hint towards invasion by a malignant tumour. (ispub.com)
  • Malignant mixed tumour, on the other hand, is characterized by perivascular and perineural invasion, significant cellular atypia and mitosis( 2 ). (ispub.com)
  • A cancerous tumor is malignant. (cancer.net)
  • Medical records of subjects who were diagnosed with a primary malignant full thickness eyelid tumor involving the eyelid margin and underwent full-thickness eyelid defect reconstruction surgery between April 2016 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Bone tumors may be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Primary bone tumors may be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). (msdmanuals.com)
  • UT Southwestern is paving the way for safer and more convenient radiation treatments for brain tumor patients. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • However, GBM, a very aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis even after surgery and radio-chemotherapy, invariably recurs and leads to patient death. (nature.com)
  • An abnormal growth of cells in the brain is called brain tumor. (medindia.net)
  • Every year, World Brain Tumor Day is observed on June 8. (medindia.net)
  • First started by the German Brain Tumor Association (Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe e.V.) in 2000 to raise public awareness and educate people about brain tumor. (medindia.net)
  • brain tumor who had been declared brain dead af- results for both were negative. (cdc.gov)
  • Graft-versus-tumor effect (GvT) appears after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (wikipedia.org)
  • The interconnection of those two effects can be seen by comparison of leukemia relapse after HSC transplantation with development of GvHD. (wikipedia.org)
  • Graft-versus-host disease Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Thompson LF, Tsukamoto H, Chernogorova P, Zeiser R (January 2013). (wikipedia.org)
  • Previously, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) required symptoms within the first 100 days of transplantation and chronic GVHD after day 100. (medscape.com)
  • Some medical treatments may affect transplantation. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • An acute graft-versus-host disease activity index to predict survival after hematopoietic cell transplantation with myeloablative conditioning regimens. (nature.com)
  • Prospective evaluation for upper gastrointestinal tract acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • For example, liver transplantation in children has a 20-year survival of more than 80% at present, but the long-term results of these grafts still remain uncertain. (frontiersin.org)
  • What's more, he found that this variation in the NK cell's gene content, as well as the matching between the donor KIR and recipient HLA, affects the strength of the cells' immune response and its cancer-killing ability following transplantation. (autm.net)
  • While the graft-versus-tumor effect provided by the donor graft can be very powerful in controlling the disease, disease relapse is still the primary reason that patients do not do well after an allogeneic transplantation. (stanford.edu)
  • While allogeneic transplantation can be life saving for patients with hematologic malignancies, or inherited disorders such as several forms of immuno-deficiency, the transplant-related side effects and complications remain the biggest hurdles. (stanford.edu)
  • I joined Roswell Park Cancer Institute as an assistant professor in 2008 and since established an independent laboratory that explores T cell biology using tumor and transplantation models. (umaryland.edu)
  • The scientific interests of my lab have been directed towards understanding the complexities of T cell biology and how T cells contribute to tumor immunity and transplantation immunity. (umaryland.edu)
  • Chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (haematologica.org)
  • Risk of localized tumors was stable over time after transplantation, but higher with azathioprine maintenance therapy (IRR=1.35, 95%CI 1.03-1.77). (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, treatment consists of surgical removal and use of a bone graft (transplantation of bone tissue from one bone to another) to fill in the defect. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is closely linked with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), as the underlying principle of alloimmunity is the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) can be used to suppress GvHD without loss of beneficial GvT effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whereas graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) has a negative impact on the host, GvL is beneficial for patients with hematopeietic malignancies. (wikipedia.org)
  • When transplanting T-cell depleted stem cell transplant, GvHD can be partially prevented, but in the same time the GvL effect is also reduced, because T-cells play an important role in both of those effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • The possibilities of GvL effect in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies are limited by GvHD. (wikipedia.org)
  • When transplanting HSC during AML, T-cells are usually selectively depleted to prevent GvHD while NK cells help with the GvL effect which prevent leukemia relapse. (wikipedia.org)
  • G-CSF can help to enhance GvL effect and suppress GvHD by reducing levels of LPS and TNF-α. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dermatologic manifestations are an important aspect of graft versus host disease (GVHD). (medscape.com)
  • Because the skin often is the earliest organ affected in GVHD , dermatologists are crucial members of the patient's treatment team. (medscape.com)
  • Many factors affect the balance between a graft-versus-tumor effect and GVHD, including genetic differences between donor and host and the magnitude of the T-cell response. (medscape.com)
  • The degree of liver and gastrointestinal tract involvement in acute GVHD affects patient outcomes. (medscape.com)
  • Boy who developed stage 3 skin involvement with acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) despite receiving prophylaxis with cyclosporin A. The donor was a sister matched for human leukocyte antigen. (medscape.com)
  • Graft-versus-host disease ( GvHD ) is a syndrome , characterized by inflammation in different organs. (wikipedia.org)
  • GvHD can also occur after a blood transfusion , known as Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease or TA-GvHD if the blood products used have not been gamma irradiated or treated with an approved leukocyte reduction system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oral beclomethasone dipropionate for the treatment of gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (nature.com)
  • In contrast to T lymphocytes, donor NK cells do not attack any recipient tissues based on allogeneic human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), suggesting that NK‐mediated antitumor effects may be achieved without the risk of graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). (intechopen.com)
  • However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a major obstacle for more successful application of allo-HCT. (umaryland.edu)
  • Therefore, our research aims at developing novel strategies that can prevent GVHD while balancing a reconstituted immune system capable of maintaining tumor immunosurveillance and infection immunity. (umaryland.edu)
  • While bone marrow transplants (BMTs) are sometimes the only hope for patients with diseases like leukemia and other blood disorders, they come with the significant risk of the patient developing graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). (genengnews.com)
  • We were able to identify two ligands and two receptors that account for all the effects of Notch signaling in GVHD, with a dominant role for just one ligand-receptor pair," Dr. Maillard explains. (genengnews.com)
  • When the researchers used antibodies to inhibit the target Notch ligands, mice had none of the gastrointestinal side effects that came with global inhibition of Notch-and they did not develop GVHD. (genengnews.com)
  • The effects of Notch blockade could be traced to decreased inflammation as well as increased expansion of regulatory T cells that suppress GVHD, Dr. Maillard says. (genengnews.com)
  • These include graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the donor's immune cells destroy the patient's tissue. (kansashealthsystem.com)
  • Effects of immune serum and spleen cells on c3hf/he tumor graft survival in tennessee swiss mice. (jax.org)
  • Tumour grafting involves extracting a patient's live tumour and growing it in mice lacking an immune system. (straitstimes.com)
  • The live tumour samples in the mice are then tested against drugs or drug combinations. (straitstimes.com)
  • According to Champions, the procedure can achieve a 94 per cent genetic correlation between the grafted tumour in mice and the original tumour in patients. (straitstimes.com)
  • Human tumors with the mutation, grafted into mice, Plexxikon 's chief scientist told Dr. Flaherty , had stopped growing when exposed to the drug. (blogspot.com)
  • In contrast, inhibition of CD39 biological activity boosts immune responses and results in heightened anticancer responses and rejection of grafted tumors in mice. (bidmc.org)
  • The drug completely eradicated or prevented tumor establishment in a subset of the treated mice at the doses matching the ones required to prevent graft rejection. (upenn.edu)
  • Antibodies inhibiting specific elements of the Notch pathway can prevent the disease in mice, without serious side effects and without substantially compromising the cancer-fighting ability of the transplanted cells, the team reports. (genengnews.com)
  • Invasive tumor tissue grafts are required to study the disease in mice, which adds confounding variables to the results - it is not necessarily clear if an observed effect is the result of the tumor or the grafting procedure. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In human melanomas grafted onto mice, orally-administered cinnamaldehyde impaired cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and tumor growth. (durangodowntown.com)
  • Extracellular NAD + affects the survival and function of regulatory T cells, and NAD-mediated depletion of regulatory T cells promotes anti-tumor responses in mice. (rupress.org)
  • An enchondroma is a type of noncancerous bone tumor that begins in cartilage. (barnesjewish.org)
  • Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are benign or noncancerous. (medicinenet.com)
  • Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are benign (noncancerous) tumors that most commonly occur in the bones of the arms and legs. (medicinenet.com)
  • A giant cell tumor of bone is a type of benign (noncancerous) tumor that has a wide range of behaviors. (orthoinfo.org)
  • While giant cell tumors are typically benign (noncancerous), they can grow quickly and destroy bone close to a joint. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Noncancerous bone tumors are benign, which means they are not cancer and in general never or rarely spread to other areas of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fibrosis can affect chronic graft rejection, tumor invasion and metastasis, and the pathogenesis of many progressive myopathies. (frontiersin.org)
  • As for tumor invasion and metastasis, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts are able to enhance tumor cells migration and invasion via activating the process of specific pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis depend not only on the tumor cell alone, but also on the complex interactions between the cancer, stromal, and immune cells. (vicc.org)
  • The Host-Tumor Interactions program is co-led by Jeffrey Rathmell, Ph.D. and John T. Wilson, Ph.D. The basic, translational, and clinical scientists who make up this program are focused on discovering and understanding these interactions, with the ultimate goal of developing strategies to control tumor progression and metastasis by targeting these interactions. (vicc.org)
  • Besides inducing hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors, TNF has been found to be involved in tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, viral replication, septic shock, fever, inflammation, and autoimmune disease including Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and graft-versus-host disease. (genscript.com)
  • A research paper published in the January 12, 2018 issue of Oncotarget reveals protective effects for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM or SAMe) against cancer growth, invasion and metastasis in human breast cancer cells and in a mouse model of the disease. (lifeextension.com)
  • With regard to chronic graft rejection, fibrosis is one of the most common symptoms in chronic graft rejection. (frontiersin.org)
  • We conclude that interposicional arthroplasty with reconstruction using a costochondral graft, represents a good option in the treatment of patients with ankylosis of the TMJ, which is in a phase of growth, because it is a reconstruction using an autogenous graft and autogenous interposition material, thereby preventing rejection, in addition to its morphological advantages. (bvsalud.org)
  • Solid organ transplant recipients, who are medically immunosuppressed to prevent graft rejection, have increased melanoma risk, but risk factors and outcomes are incompletely documented. (cdc.gov)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine in RA may be involved in the development of the disturbed lipid metabolism. (researchgate.net)
  • High-level expression of CD39 using gene therapeutic modalities, following transgenesis or by infusion of soluble, pharmacologically active derivatives has salutary effects on both vascular injury, global inflammation as in colitis or hepatitis and also impacts graft survival. (bidmc.org)
  • It can show any degenerative or arthritic changes in the joints, find bone diseases and tumors, and find the cause of bone pain or inflammation. (barnesjewish.org)
  • It can be triggered by different factors (such as infections, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, degenerative diseases, tumors, and injury), can cause organ dysfunction/failure, and affect the quality of life and survival of patients. (newswire.co.kr)
  • Is GCT (Giant Cell Tumor) Cancerous? (medicinenet.com)
  • Treatment for a giant cell tumor almost always involves surgery to remove the tumor and prevent damage to the bone near the affected joint. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone is made when a large number of giant cells are seen among a background of other abnormal cells. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Illustration shows a giant cell tumor at the lower end of the thighbone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • In rare cases, a patient can have multiple giant cell tumors in different bones, a condition called multi-centric giant cell tumor of bone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • In rare cases, a giant cell tumor may spread, or metastasize , to the lungs. (orthoinfo.org)
  • This is different than an isolated, single giant cell tumor of bone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The most common symptom of a giant cell tumor is pain in the area of the tumor. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Your doctor will perform a thorough physical examination and use X-rays and other tests to diagnose a giant cell tumor. (orthoinfo.org)
  • On X-ray, a giant cell tumor appears as a destructive (lytic) lesion next to a joint. (orthoinfo.org)
  • X-rays from the front ( left ) and side ( right ) show a giant cell tumor in the lower end of the thighbone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Reproduced from Lewis VO, Aboulafia AJ: Giant cell tumor of bone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • X-ray shows a giant cell tumor in the lower end of the radius bone in the wrist. (orthoinfo.org)
  • This is a combination of multiple tumors and benign tumors made up of blood vessels (angiomas). (barnesjewish.org)
  • Benign tumors of the hand may be categorized using the different anatomic subunits of the hand. (medscape.com)
  • Benign tumors are classified as having 3 stages. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Locally aggressive stage III benign tumors extend beyond natural borders and often require en bloc resection for cure. (medscape.com)
  • Benign tumors may be painless, but often they cause bone pain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Giant cell tumors usually occur in young adults, and are slightly more common in females. (orthoinfo.org)
  • While most bone tumors occur in the flared area near the ends of the body's long bones (metaphysis), giant cell tumors occur almost exclusively in the end portion of the long bones (epiphysis), directly next to the joints. (orthoinfo.org)
  • This is a common location for the tumors to occur. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Most often, the tumors occur close to the knee joint - either in the lower end of the femur or the upper end of the tibia. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Most giant cell tumors occur in patients between 20 and 40 years of age. (orthoinfo.org)
  • The tumors occur spontaneously. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Chondromyxofibromas are very rare tumors that usually occur in people younger than 30. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Excluding cutaneous malignancy, 95% of tumors of the hand are benign. (medscape.com)
  • In the clinical setting, graft-versus-host disease is divided into acute and chronic forms, and scored or graded on the basis of the tissue affected and the severity of the reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] Chronic graft-versus-host disease also attacks the above organs, but over its long-term course can also cause damage to the connective tissue and exocrine glands . (wikipedia.org)
  • 8 The pivotal trial testing ATG in the setting of unrelated donors and intensive conditioning suggested a significant reduction in the incidence of chronic graft- versus -host disease without an increase in the risk of relapse. (haematologica.org)
  • 12 Interestingly, ATG reduced the cumulative incidence of acute graft- versus -host disease while it did not affect the rate of chronic graft- versus -host disease. (haematologica.org)
  • The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded the indications of ibrutinib to include the treatment of adult patients with chronic graft vs host disease (cGVHD) who have failed at least one prior therapy. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • FDA approves treatment for chronic graft versus host disease [news release]. (cancertherapyadvisor.com)
  • As a result, HSCT is often attributed to an increased risk of health complications, the most severe being chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD). (haematologica.org)
  • An enchondroma is a type of benign bone tumor that originates from cartilage. (barnesjewish.org)
  • Mouse colon impacted by acute graft-versus-host disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Micrographs of grades of skin graft-versus-host disease: Ranging from grade I GvHR (with minimal vacuolization in the epidermis) to grade II GvHR (with vacuolization and dyskeratotic bodies) to grade III GvHR (with sub epidermal cleft formation) and finally to grade IV GvHR (with separation of the dermis from the epidermis). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the classical sense, acute graft-versus-host disease is characterized by selective damage to the liver , skin (rash), mucosa , and the gastrointestinal tract . (wikipedia.org)
  • Newer research indicates that other graft-versus-host disease target organs include the immune system (the hematopoietic system , e.g., the bone marrow and the thymus ) itself, and the lungs in the form of immune-mediated pneumonitis . (wikipedia.org)
  • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oral beclomethasone dipropionate as a prednisone-sparing therapy for gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. (nature.com)
  • Oral beclomethasone dipropionate for treatment of human intestinal graft-versus-host disease. (nature.com)
  • Initial therapy of acute graft-versus-host disease with low-dose prednisone does not compromise patient outcomes. (nature.com)
  • These findings open perspectives for studying Notch inhibition in the treatment of T cell-mediated disorders including graft-versus-host disease in patients. (genengnews.com)
  • One-time treatment with an antibody against BTLA provides long-term protection against graft-versus-host disease without affecting effector T cell responses to tumors or pathogens. (rupress.org)
  • The biology of GvT response is still not fully understood but it is probable that the reaction with polymorphic minor histocompatibility antigens expressed either specifically on hematopoietic cells or more widely on a number of tissue cells or tumor-associated antigens is involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the name of this effect indicates, GvL is a reaction against leukemic cells of the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self). (wikipedia.org)
  • Effects of immune serum and spleen cells on c3hf/he tumor graft surviv" by J M. Cruse, W W. Germany et al. (jax.org)
  • This blood disorder affects your body's ability to produce red blood cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This disorder affects white blood cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • This desired characteristic of the donor cells is called the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) reaction. (autm.net)
  • Since cancer stem cells have been hypothesized to play a role in refractory/relapsing cancers, in the present work we investigated if autophagy could represent a constitutive cytoprotection mechanism for glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) and if the modulation of autophagic process could affect GBM growth and survival. (nature.com)
  • The increased understanding of immune tolerance and allogeneic antileukemic immune reactivity has led several investigators to develop optimized conditioning protocols and new strategies to manipulate the effector cells either within the graft or in vivo . (haematologica.org)
  • Brain tumors are the abnormal growth of brain cells that may be benign or metastatic. (medindia.net)
  • Our studies indicate that RAD has a strong inhibitory effect on PTLD-like and PTLD-derived B cells by suppressing their proliferation, blocking cell cycle progression and increasing apoptotic rate. (upenn.edu)
  • On the other hand, donor-derived T cells can protect the host from infection, and can also identify and attack host tumor cells, producing the beneficial graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. (umaryland.edu)
  • Bian G, Ding X, Leigh ND, Tang Y, Capitano ML, Qiu J, McCarthy PL, Liu H, Cao X . Granzyme B-mediated damage of CD8+ T cells impairs graft-versus-tumor effect. (umaryland.edu)
  • After a BMT, donor T cells can recognize and destroy tumor cells in the patient. (genengnews.com)
  • Conventional methods for preventing the disease include removing T cells from the donor graft and treating the patient with global immunosuppressive drugs. (genengnews.com)
  • TNF alpha-1a is a potent lymphoid factor that exerts cytotoxic effects on a wide range of tumor cells and certain other target cells. (genscript.com)
  • Giant cell tumors (GCTs) arise from cells called osteoclast precursors. (medicinenet.com)
  • These tumor cells are also endocrine tumors - they express hormones normally found in other tissues, such as the brain and the gut - which adds a layer of physiology to the already-complex nature of cancer. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These reserve stem cells that we had shown were important for the beneficial effects of calorie restriction were repressing many pathways that are all known to be regulated by the protein complex mTOR, which is most well known as being a nutrient-sensing complex,' he explained. (lifeextension.com)
  • When viewed microscopically, the tumors consist of many unusually large or "giant" cells. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Many types of bone tumors and other conditions (including normal bone) contain giant cells. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Cinnamaldehyde, by (derived from Cassia bark, in fact) activating a protective antioxidant effect in human epithelial colon cells, evinced potential chemoprevention against colon cancer. (durangodowntown.com)
  • The type and subtype of osteosarcoma is determined by looking at the tumor cells through a microscope. (cancer.net)
  • Glomus tumors are benign lesions containing cells of a glomus apparatus. (medscape.com)
  • Overview of Bone Tumors Bone tumors are growths of abnormal cells in bones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Histopathology of microbiological remission of the infection, dos- the graft showed organisms consistent with Crypto- age was adjusted on the basis of renal function coccus yeast cells, suggesting fungal pyelonephritis. (cdc.gov)
  • By completing a bone graft procedure, Dr. Stevenson is now able to restore bone function and growth, thereby halting the effects of poor denture care. (stevensonoms.com)
  • If the tumor cannot be identified with certainty on x-rays or if it causes pain, removal of a tissue sample for examination under a microscope ( biopsy Diagnosis ) may be needed to confirm the diagnosis of enchondroma and rule out the possibility of a cancerous tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The signs and symptoms of GCTs may vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. (medicinenet.com)
  • These tumors usually do not cause symptoms, but some may grow larger and cause pain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Unfortunately, such strategies are not always successful, and may adversely affect immune reconstitution leading to infection or a reduced GVT effect that may result in cancer relapse or secondary malignancy. (umaryland.edu)
  • Treatment for GCTs usually involves surgically removing the tumor. (medicinenet.com)
  • Skin grafting involves taking a thin layer of skin from another part of the body and placing it over the injured area. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Rarely, it occurs as a tumor in the body's soft tissue, outside the bone. (cancer.net)
  • Graft material can be bone removed from the person's own pelvis (autograft), processed bone tissue from another person (allograft), or a synthetic bone substitute. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While the role for the individual cell population of the donor graft is not fully understood after allogeneic transplant, recent works in the field have yielded some interesting observations which may lead to advances in clinical care. (stanford.edu)
  • Secondary Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the Fludarabine-(etoposide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, cyclophosphamide) EPOCH regimen on host T cell depletion and myeloid depletion prior to allogeneic SCT. (drugpatentwatch.com)
  • The top three tumour type engraftments being carried out here are for gastrointestinal, breast and sarcoma (flesh) cancers. (straitstimes.com)
  • A cancer procedure that could lead to patients being prescribed more accurate drug treatments with fewer side effects is being tested in Singapore. (straitstimes.com)
  • The complete procedure - from tumour extraction to release of test results - takes around four to six months and costs about $20,000 per patient. (straitstimes.com)
  • In conclusion, cell reconstitution dynamics showed complex diversity with regard to the graft manufacturing procedure and conditioning regimen. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • A bone grafting procedure would be necessary to reverse the effects of bone deterioration, restoring function and promoting new bone growth in traumatized areas. (stevensonoms.com)
  • The optimization of graft composition should not only enable a sufficient IR but also improve graft vs. leukemia/tumor effects, overcome infectious complications and, finally, improve patient survival. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • These tumors typically grow at the ends of the body's long bones. (orthoinfo.org)
  • GvL requires genetic disparity because the effect is dependent on the alloimmunity principle. (wikipedia.org)
  • These kind of tumors are usually due to some genetic disorders. (medindia.net)
  • Some people may have a genetic predisposition to developing GCTs, meaning they have a higher risk of developing these tumors due to inherited genetic factors. (medicinenet.com)
  • "We created a flab on the forehead skin, since skin was involved, we had to remove the upper lining and bones in the brain along with the tumor, as it was hugely spread across the forehead skull and skin," Srivastava said. (medindia.net)
  • An enchondroma most often affects the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones. (barnesjewish.org)
  • It often affects the long, tiny bones of the hands and feet. (barnesjewish.org)
  • It may also affect other bones such as the thighbone (femur), upper arm bone (humerus), or one of the two lower leg bones (tibia). (barnesjewish.org)
  • Chondroblastomas are rare tumors that grow in the ends of bones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These tumors develop in the central part of a bone (the marrow cavity) in long bones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • GvT might develop after recognizing tumor-specific or recipient-specific alloantigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Babiker Hassabelgawi Ahmed was diagnosed with his first tumor on the left side of his head at the age of 42 and got it surgically removed in Sudan. (medindia.net)
  • Infliximab administration is associated with important increases in cholesterol levels in all its forms but as no significant beneficial effect on the atherogenic ratio. (researchgate.net)
  • According to the researchers, the treatment was only necessary short-term, although its beneficial effects were long lasting. (genengnews.com)
  • Autophagy may represent a mechanism of resistance to oxidative stress induced by chemotherapeutic drugs and may potentiate cancer cell survival to hypoxia and nutrient starvation due to the frequently defective tumor vascularization. (nature.com)
  • In some cases, additional treatment with medications or radiation could be necessary to prevent the tumor from returning. (medicinenet.com)
  • Ankylosis of the TMJ is multifactorial and may be related to acute infectious processes in the joint region, exposure to trauma, tumors and radiation therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some localized melanomas may result from azathioprine, which acts synergistically with ultraviolet radiation, while T-cell depleting induction therapies may promote late stage tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • The effects shown for anti-IL-11 preclinically are impressive and could, if confirmed in the clinic, herald a dramatic advance in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. (newswire.co.kr)
  • While there are many diseases that affect the tooth-supporting structures, plaque-induced inflammatory lesions make up the majority of periodontal issues and are divided into two categories: gingivitis and periodontitis. (stevensonoms.com)
  • Giant cell tumors are named for the characteristic way they look when viewed under the microscope. (orthoinfo.org)
  • Establishing single cell biology and modeling approaches to assess the composition and roles of the heterogeneous cell populations in tumor progression or therapeutic responses. (vicc.org)
  • In the in vivo SCID mouse xeno-transplant model, RAD markedly delayed growth or induced regression of established PTLD-related B-cell tumors. (upenn.edu)
  • As of June 30, 2017, nearly 83,925 liver transplant recepients were living with a functioning liver graft. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers have understood for numerous years that the hypoxia found in tumors leads to more aggressive and harder to treat disease and ultimately, poor patient outcome. (mdpi.com)
  • Periodontitis is affected by bacteria that adheres to the tooths surface, along with an overly aggressive immune response to these bacteria. (stevensonoms.com)
  • More aggressive tumours have low T 1 - and T 2 -characteristics while high signal is observed on both T 1 - and T 2 -weighted images if there has been recent haemorrhage within the tumour. (ispub.com)
  • Although giant cell tumors are not cancerous, they are aggressive and can destroy the surrounding bone. (orthoinfo.org)
  • "Seeing Mr Ahmed's case, we planned to do surgical removal through bicoronal flap mobilization, strip craniotomy and excision of the complete bone tumor, extemporization of frontal sinus and duroplasty by artificial dura and cranioplasty by titanium mesh and flap tailoring to close the galea," said Amit Srivastava, Director and Senior Consultant Neuro Surgery at Aakash Healthcare. (medindia.net)
  • [ 3 ] First are latent stage I tumors, which do not need excision. (medscape.com)
  • People with GCTs need regular follow-up care to monitor for any recurrence or transformation of the tumor. (medicinenet.com)
  • If untreated, these tumors may continue to grow and destroy bone and the joint. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Following tumor removal and jaw reconstruction, a bilateral reconstruction of his IAN was performed using Avance Nerve Graft and Axoguard Nerve Connector. (axogeninc.com)
  • Subsequent reconstruction should be done during the same sitting either by cable graft (using greater auricular nerve, sural nerve, IVth cranial nerve) or nerve transfer (using hypoglossal nerve). (ispub.com)