Graft vs Leukemia Effect
Graft vs Host Reaction
Graft vs Host Disease
Leukemia
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Graft Survival
Transplantation, Homologous
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
Graft vs Tumor Effect
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia, Experimental
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Leukemia Virus, Murine
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
Moloney murine leukemia virus
Graft versus host disease prophylaxis with low-dose cyclosporine-A reduces the risk of relapse in children with acute leukemia given HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation: results of a randomized trial. (1/234)
Leukemia relapse is a major cause of treatment failure for patients with acute leukemia given allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This study evaluated whether a reduction of the dosage of cyclosporine-A (Cs-A) used for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis could reduce relapse rate (RR) in children with acute leukemia given BMT. Fifty-nine children who had transplantation from HLA-identical siblings were randomized to receive Cs-A intravenously at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/d (Cs-A1) or of 3 mg/kg/d (Cs-A3) until patients were able to tolerate oral intake. Subsequently, both groups received Cs-A orally at a dosage of 6 mg/kg/d, with discontinuation 5 months after BMT. The probability of developing grade II-IV acute GVHD was 57% for the Cs-A1 group versus 38% for the Cs-A3 group (P =.06); the probability of developing chronic GVHD was 30% for the Cs-A1 group and 26% for the Cs-A3 group (P = NS). Three patients died of grade IV acute GVHD: 2 were in the Cs-A1 and the third in the Cs-A3 group. The RR was 15% for the Cs-A1 group and 41% for the Cs-A3 group (P =.034); 1-year transplant-related mortality estimates were 17% and 7%, respectively (P = NS). With a median observation time of 44 months from BMT, the 5-year event-free survival for children belonging to Cs-A1 and Cs-A3 groups was 70% and 51%, respectively (P =.15). Our data demonstrate that the use of low Cs-A doses is associated with a statistically significant reduction of leukemia relapse, probably due to an increased graft versus leukemia effect. (Blood. 2000;95:1572-1579) (+info)Functional and in situ evidence for nitric oxide production driven by CD40-CD40L interactions in graft-versus-leukemia reactivity. (2/234)
In a murine tumor model, complete tumor remission is achievable at even advanced metastasized stages by transfer of immune T cells from donor B10.D2 (H-2d, Mls(b)) into tumor-bearing DBA/2 (H-2d, Mls(a)) mice. We showed previously that this graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect is dependent on synergistic interactions of transferred CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with host sialoadhesin (SER)-positive macrophages. We now show that the CD40-CD40L (CD154) interaction is involved in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression during adoptive immunotherapy (ADI). We demonstrate that during ADI, the level of CD40 expression in the liver becomes significantly augmented in comparison to livers of tumor-bearing, untreated animals. CD40 expression is found mostly on SER+ macrophages and to a lesser extent on dendritic cells (DCs). In GvL animals, more SER+ macrophages express iNOS than untreated animals. iNOS expressing cells are found in close proximity to apoptotic cells, at early time points of the therapy in areas of metastasis, and at late stages around portal veins, where CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes form clusters with SER+ macrophages. Blocking of CD40L in vivo at days 5 and 20, when all iNOS+ cells express CD40, leads to significantly reduced CD40 and iNOS expression as well as to a marked inhibition of the therapeutic effect. These data provide functional and in situ evidence that the increased CD40 and iNOS expression observed during ADI contribute to the eradication of liver metastases and to the clearance of donor lymphocytes from the liver. (+info)Clinical value of quantitative long-term assessment of bcr-abl chimeric transcript in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (3/234)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For purposes of therapeutic decision making, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular follow-up of 55 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in complete remission (CR) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA compatible donors. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 402 bone marrow samples from 40 patients transplanted in chronic phase (group 1) and 15 in accelerated/blastic phase (group 2) were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Regarding clinical outcome, 34/40 (85%) group 1 vs. 8/15 (54%) group 2 patients are alive. Only 1/40 (2.5%) group 1 patient relapsed, as against 6/15 (40%) in group 2 (p = 0. 0002). At qualitative PCR, 8/40 (19%) group 1 vs. 9/15 (60%) group 2 patients were positive, with a significantly greater total number of positive samples in group 2 (33/129, 27% vs. 16/273, 5%; p<0.001). The probability of qualitative PCR positivity >1 year after BMT was significantly lower in group 1 patients (4/40 pts, 10% vs. 9/15 pts, 60%; p = 0.01). At quantitative PCR, 4/8 (50%) group 1 patients were positive only once (< 400 transcripts/microg RNA). In group 2, 9/15 (60%) patients had 3 or more positive samples (always with >4,000 copies/mg RNA); therapeutic interventions (cyclosporin A discontinuation, temporary a-interferon or donor lymphocyte infusion) restored molecular remission in 4/9 (44%) cases. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that quantitative PCR could provide practical indications capable of directing therapeutic interventions for transplanted CML patients, especially those transplanted in accelerated/blastic phase, for whom intensive monitoring is required. (+info)Differential use of FasL- and perforin-mediated cytolytic mechanisms by T-cell subsets involved in graft-versus-myeloid leukemia responses. (4/234)
In graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) responses, the cellular subsets and effector mechanisms responsible for cytotoxicity against leukemic cells in vivo remain poorly characterized. A murine model of syngeneic GVL that features CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses against the MMB3.19 myeloid leukemia cell line has been previously described. MMB3.19 expresses high levels of functional Fas and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors that do not transduce proapoptotic signals. Through the use of perforin- and Fas ligand (FasL)-deficient mice, it was demonstrated that CD4(+) T cells mediate anti-MMB3.19 effects in vivo primarily through the use of FasL and secondarily through perforin mechanisms. Conversely, CD8(+) T cells induce GVL effects primarily through the use of perforin and minimally through FasL mechanisms. Although the in vivo observations of CD8(+) T cells were reflective of their in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, for CD4(+) T cells, in vitro responses were dominated by the perforin pathway. In addition, the diminished capacity of T cells from perforin- and FasL-deficient mice to lyse MMB3.19 target cells appeared directly related to their deficient cytotoxic functions rather than to defects in activation because these cells were fully capable of mounting proliferative responses to the tumor cells. These findings demonstrate that GVL responses of T-cell subsets can involve preferential use of different cytotoxic mechanisms. In particular, these findings identify a role for both FasL-employing CD4(+) CTLs and the more novel perforin-utilizing CD4(+) T-cell subset in responses against a myeloid leukemia. (+info)High frequency of extramedullary relapse of acute leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. (5/234)
We investigated the frequency and mode of relapses of acute leukemia after allogeneic BMT in a series of 50 consecutive patients. The median age of patients was 31.5 years with 26 males. Thirty-two patients had AML. Forty-three patients were in first CR. All patients received BuCy regimen with GVHD prophylaxis of cyclosporine plus methotrexate. After a median follow-up time of 22.4 months (range, 6.0-52.9), 14 patients (28%) relapsed. Seven patients (50%) relapsed in the bone marrow only; three (21%) relapsed in extramedullary sites only; and four (29%) relapsed in both extramedullary sites and bone marrow. Times to relapses in bone marrow only (median 6.3 months) were significantly shorter when compared to times to extramedullary relapses with or without bone marrow involvement (median 12.3 months, P = 0.048). Sites of extramedullary relapses varied widely among the patients. In conclusion, we observed a high frequency of extramedullary relapses of acute leukemia after allogeneic BMT (50%). The GVL effect observed in the extramedullary sites of the body may not be as effective as in the bone marrow in patients with acute leukemia after allogeneic BMT. (+info)Treatment of leukemic relapse following unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation with interleukin-2: potential for augmenting graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-host effects with cytokines. (6/234)
In comparison to bone marrow, umbilical cord blood has decreased intrinsic immune responsiveness allowing transplantation across HLA barriers with lower rates of graft-versus-host disease. However, laboratory models have also suggested that cord blood may be extremely sensitive to stimulation by cytokines. We report an adult recipient of an ex vivo expanded, HLA-mismatched, unrelated cord blood transplant who experienced a late extramedullary relapse while still in hematologic remission. Despite demonstrating immune tolerance on minimal immunosuppressive agents, a brief course of intravenous interleukin-2 resulted in rapid, aggressive graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukemia reactions. This case highlights the potential of cytokine immunomodulation following cord blood transplantation, but also suggests caution in stimulating these cells. (+info)Detection of a potent humoral response associated with immune-induced remission of chronic myelogenous leukemia. (7/234)
The effectiveness of donor-lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for treatment of relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a clear demonstration of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. T cells are critical mediators of GVL, but the antigenic targets of this response are unknown. To determine whether patients who respond to DLI also develop B-cell immunity to CML-associated antigens, we analyzed sera from three patients with relapsed CML who achieved a complete molecular remission after infusion of donor T cells. Sera from these individuals recognized 13 distinct gene products represented in a CML-derived cDNA library. Two proteins, Jkappa-recombination signal-binding protein (RBP-Jkappa) and related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase (RAFTK), were recognized by sera from three of 19 DLI responders. None of these antigens were recognized by sera from healthy donors or patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Four gene products were recognized by sera from CML patients treated with hydroxyurea and nine were detected by sera from CML patients who responded to IFN-alpha. Antibody titers specific for RAFTK, but not for RBP-Jkappa, were found to be temporally associated with the response to DLI. These results demonstrate that patients who respond to DLI generate potent antibody responses to CML-associated antigens, suggesting the development of coordinated T- and B-cell immunity. The characterization of B cell-defined antigens may help identify clinically relevant targets of the GVL response in vivo. (+info)Generation of HLA-A2 subtype specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from cord blood used for cord blood stem cell transplantation. (8/234)
Alloantigen reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated from cord blood (CB) lymphocytes used for cord blood stem cell transplantation (CBSCT). The CTL were cytotoxic against the patient's leukemic cells, as well as the patient's EBV-lymphoblastoid cell line (EBV-LCL), and PHA blasts. The cytotoxicity against patient's EBV-LCL was blocked by anti-HLA-A2 MoAb, and anti-HLA-class I MoAb. The CTL recognized A*0206 positive EBV-LCLs, but not A*0201, A*0204, or A*0207 positive EBV-LCLs, suggesting that this CTL recognizes HLA-A*0206. This case suggests that CB T cells may be competent enough to generate CTL to induce a GVL effect, together with those against A*0206, in patients with CBSCT. (+info)The "Graft versus Leukemia (GvL) Effect" is a term used in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to describe a desirable outcome where the donor's immune cells (graft) recognize and attack the recipient's leukemia cells (host). This effect occurs when the donor's T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and other immune cells become activated against the recipient's malignant cells.
The GvL effect is often observed in patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), where the donor and recipient are not genetically identical. The genetic disparity between the donor and recipient creates an environment that allows for the recognition of host leukemia cells as foreign, triggering an immune response against them.
While the GvL effect can be beneficial in eliminating residual leukemia cells, it can also lead to complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's healthy tissues. Balancing the GvL effect and minimizing GvHD remains a significant challenge in allo-HSCT.
A "Graft versus Host Reaction" (GVHR) is a condition that can occur after an organ or bone marrow transplant, where the immune cells in the graft (transplanted tissue) recognize and attack the recipient's (host's) tissues as foreign. This reaction occurs because the donor's immune cells (graft) are able to recognize the host's cells as different from their own due to differences in proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs).
The GVHR can affect various organs, including the skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. Symptoms may include rash, diarrhea, jaundice, and respiratory distress. The severity of the reaction can vary widely, from mild to life-threatening.
To prevent or reduce the risk of GVHR, immunosuppressive drugs are often given to the recipient before and after transplantation to suppress their immune system and prevent it from attacking the graft. Despite these measures, GVHR can still occur in some cases, particularly when there is a significant mismatch between the donor and recipient HLAs.
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a condition that can occur after an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), where the donated immune cells (graft) recognize the recipient's tissues (host) as foreign and attack them. This results in inflammation and damage to various organs, particularly the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and liver.
Acute GVHD typically occurs within 100 days of transplantation and is characterized by symptoms such as rash, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction. Chronic GVHD, on the other hand, can occur after 100 days or even years post-transplant and may present with a wider range of symptoms, including dry eyes and mouth, skin changes, lung involvement, and issues with mobility and flexibility in joints.
GVHD is a significant complication following allogeneic HSCT and can have a substantial impact on the patient's quality of life and overall prognosis. Preventative measures, such as immunosuppressive therapy, are often taken to reduce the risk of GVHD, but its management remains a challenge in transplant medicine.
Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates from the bone marrow - the soft, inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. It is characterized by an abnormal production of white blood cells, known as leukocytes or blasts. These abnormal cells accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).
There are several types of leukemia, classified based on the specific type of white blood cell affected and the speed at which the disease progresses:
1. Acute Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress rapidly, with symptoms developing over a few weeks or months. They involve the rapid growth and accumulation of immature, nonfunctional white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Originates from lymphoid progenitor cells, primarily affecting children but can also occur in adults.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Develops from myeloid progenitor cells and is more common in older adults.
2. Chronic Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress slowly, with symptoms developing over a period of months to years. They involve the production of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells that can accumulate in large numbers in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Affects B-lymphocytes and is more common in older adults.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - Originates from myeloid progenitor cells, characterized by the presence of a specific genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. It can occur at any age but is more common in middle-aged and older adults.
Treatment options for leukemia depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors. Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow, the soft inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. In AML, the immature cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow fail to mature into normal blood cells. Instead, these blasts accumulate and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and normal white blood cells (leukopenia).
AML is called "acute" because it can progress quickly and become severe within days or weeks without treatment. It is a type of myeloid leukemia, which means that it affects the myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Myeloid cells are a type of white blood cell that includes monocytes and granulocytes, which help fight infection and defend the body against foreign invaders.
In AML, the blasts can build up in the bone marrow and spread to other parts of the body, including the blood, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and brain. This can cause a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss.
AML is typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment plan will depend on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the type and stage of the leukemia.
Graft survival, in medical terms, refers to the success of a transplanted tissue or organ in continuing to function and integrate with the recipient's body over time. It is the opposite of graft rejection, which occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted tissue as foreign and attacks it, leading to its failure.
Graft survival depends on various factors, including the compatibility between the donor and recipient, the type and location of the graft, the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, and the overall health of the recipient. A successful graft survival implies that the transplanted tissue or organ has been accepted by the recipient's body and is functioning properly, providing the necessary physiological support for the recipient's survival and improved quality of life.
Homologous transplantation is a type of transplant surgery where organs or tissues are transferred between two genetically non-identical individuals of the same species. The term "homologous" refers to the similarity in structure and function of the donated organ or tissue to the recipient's own organ or tissue.
For example, a heart transplant from one human to another is an example of homologous transplantation because both organs are hearts and perform the same function. Similarly, a liver transplant, kidney transplant, lung transplant, and other types of organ transplants between individuals of the same species are also considered homologous transplantations.
Homologous transplantation is in contrast to heterologous or xenogeneic transplantation, where organs or tissues are transferred from one species to another, such as a pig heart transplanted into a human. Homologous transplantation is more commonly performed than heterologous transplantation due to the increased risk of rejection and other complications associated with xenogeneic transplants.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that starts from cells that become certain white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in the bone marrow. The cancer (leukemia) cells start in the bone marrow but then go into the blood.
In CLL, the leukemia cells often build up slowly. Many people don't have any symptoms for at least a few years. But over time, the cells can spread to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
The "B-cell" part of the name refers to the fact that the cancer starts in a type of white blood cell called a B lymphocyte or B cell. The "chronic" part means that this leukemia usually progresses more slowly than other types of leukemia.
It's important to note that chronic lymphocytic leukemia is different from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Although both are cancers of the white blood cells, they start in different types of white blood cells and progress differently.
The "Graft vs Tumor Effect" is a term used in the field of transplantation medicine, particularly in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It refers to the anti-tumor activity exhibited by donor immune cells (graft) against residual malignant cells (tumor) in the recipient's body.
After HSCT, the donor's immune system is reconstituted in the recipient's body. If the donor and recipient are not identical, there may be differences in their major and minor histocompatibility antigens, which can lead to a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues. However, these same donor immune cells can also recognize and target any residual tumor cells in the recipient's body, leading to a graft vs tumor effect.
This effect can contribute to the elimination of residual malignant cells and reduce the risk of relapse, particularly in hematological malignancies such as leukemia and lymphoma. However, it is important to balance this effect with the risk of GVHD, which can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, strategies such as donor selection, graft manipulation, and immunosuppressive therapy are used to optimize the graft vs tumor effect while minimizing GVHD.
Leukemia, lymphoid is a type of cancer that affects the lymphoid cells, which are a vital part of the body's immune system. It is characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes or WBCs) in the bone marrow, specifically the lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes accumulate and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).
There are two main types of lymphoid leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia progresses rapidly, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a slower onset and progression.
Symptoms of lymphoid leukemia may include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and bone pain. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors but often involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or stem cell transplantation.
Experimental leukemia refers to the stage of research or clinical trials where new therapies, treatments, or diagnostic methods are being studied for leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.
In the experimental stage, researchers investigate various aspects of leukemia, such as its causes, progression, and potential treatments. They may conduct laboratory studies using cell cultures or animal models to understand the disease better and test new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, clinical trials may be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel treatments in human patients with leukemia.
Experimental research in leukemia is crucial for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. It involves a rigorous and systematic process that adheres to ethical guidelines and scientific standards to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), BCR-ABL positive is a specific subtype of leukemia that originates in the bone marrow and involves the excessive production of mature granulocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, which is formed by a genetic translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. This gene encodes for an abnormal protein with increased tyrosine kinase activity, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and division. The presence of this genetic abnormality is used to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.
Graft occlusion in the context of vascular surgery refers to the complete or partial blockage of a blood vessel that has been surgically replaced or repaired with a graft. The graft can be made from either synthetic materials or autologous tissue (taken from another part of the patient's body).
Graft occlusion can occur due to various reasons, including:
1. Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within the graft, which can obstruct blood flow.
2. Intimal hyperplasia: Overgrowth of the inner lining (intima) of the graft or the adjacent native vessel, causing narrowing of the lumen and reducing blood flow.
3. Atherosclerosis: Deposition of cholesterol and other substances in the walls of the graft, leading to hardening and narrowing of the vessel.
4. Infection: Bacterial or fungal infection of the graft can cause inflammation, weakening, and ultimately occlusion of the graft.
5. Mechanical factors: Kinking, twisting, or compression of the graft can lead to obstruction of blood flow.
Graft occlusion is a significant complication following vascular surgery, as it can result in reduced perfusion to downstream tissues and organs, leading to ischemia (lack of oxygen supply) and potential tissue damage or loss.
Medical Definition:
Murine leukemia virus (MLV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily infects and causes various types of malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas in mice. It is a complex genus of viruses, with many strains showing different pathogenic properties.
MLV contains two identical single-stranded RNA genomes and has the ability to reverse transcribe its RNA into DNA upon infection, integrating this proviral DNA into the host cell's genome. This is facilitated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which MLV carries within its viral particle.
The virus can be horizontally transmitted between mice through close contact with infected saliva, urine, or milk. Vertical transmission from mother to offspring can also occur either in-utero or through the ingestion of infected breast milk.
MLV has been extensively studied as a model system for retroviral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis, contributing significantly to our understanding of oncogenes and their role in cancer development. It's important to note that Murine Leukemia Virus does not infect humans.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma (previously known as Precursor T-lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma) is a type of cancer that affects the early stages of T-cell development. It is a subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which is characterized by the overproduction of immature white blood cells called lymphoblasts in the bone marrow, blood, and other organs.
In Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, these abnormal lymphoblasts accumulate primarily in the lymphoid tissues such as the thymus and lymph nodes, leading to the enlargement of these organs. This subtype is more aggressive than other forms of ALL and has a higher risk of spreading to the central nervous system (CNS).
The medical definition of Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma includes:
1. A malignant neoplasm of immature T-cell precursors, also known as lymphoblasts.
2. Characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of these abnormal cells in the bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues such as the thymus and lymph nodes.
3. Often associated with chromosomal abnormalities, genetic mutations, or aberrant gene expression that contribute to its aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.
4. Typically presents with symptoms related to bone marrow failure (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes), hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged liver and spleen), and potential CNS involvement.
5. Diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, including bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic analysis, and molecular genetic testing.
6. Treated with intensive multi-agent chemotherapy regimens, often combined with radiation therapy and/or stem cell transplantation to achieve remission and improve survival outcomes.
Leukemia, T-cell is a type of cancer that affects the T-cells or T-lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity. It is characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled production of abnormal T-cells in the bone marrow, leading to the displacement of healthy cells and impairing the body's ability to fight infections and regulate immune responses.
T-cell leukemia can be acute or chronic, depending on the rate at which the disease progresses. Acute T-cell leukemia progresses rapidly, while chronic T-cell leukemia has a slower course of progression. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, frequent infections, weight loss, easy bruising or bleeding, and swollen lymph nodes. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, or targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of the disease.
Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AML-M5) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is a type of cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow. In AML-M5, there is an overproduction of abnormal monocytes, a type of white blood cell that normally helps fight infection and is involved in the body's immune response. These abnormal monocytes accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. The disease progresses rapidly without treatment, making it crucial to begin therapy as soon as possible after diagnosis.
The Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) is a type of retrovirus, specifically a gammaretrovirus, that is commonly found in mice. It was first discovered and isolated by John Moloney in 1960. Mo-MLV is known to cause various types of cancerous conditions, particularly leukemia, in susceptible mouse strains.
Mo-MLV has a single-stranded RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA upon infection of the host cell. This viral DNA then integrates into the host's genome and utilizes the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles. The Mo-MLV genome encodes for several viral proteins, including gag (group-specific antigen), pol (polymerase), and env (envelope) proteins, which are essential for the replication cycle of the virus.
Mo-MLV is widely used in laboratory research as a model retrovirus to study various aspects of viral replication, gene therapy, and oncogenesis. It has also been engineered as a vector for gene delivery applications due to its ability to efficiently integrate into the host genome and deliver large DNA sequences. However, it is important to note that Mo-MLV and other retroviruses have the potential to cause insertional mutagenesis, which can lead to unintended genetic alterations and adverse effects in some cases.
David G. Maloney
Graft-versus-tumor effect
NKG2
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Guo Mei
Forodesine
Hartmann F. Stähelin
Acute myeloid leukemia
Adaptive NK cell
Donor lymphocyte infusion
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Graft-versus-host disease
Ibrutinib
Cord blood bank
List of MeSH codes (G04)
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif
Minor histocompatibility antigen
T-cell depletion
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Gibbon ape leukemia virus
Robert Peter Gale
T cell receptor T cell therapy
Eosinophilic granuloma
Hairy cell leukemia
Sirolimus
Genetic engineering
Patient derived xenograft
T cell
Maraviroc
High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant
Microtransplantation
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GVHD16
- These T cells are not alloreactive and do not induce GVHD but can exhibit potent anti-leukemia and anti-infectious activities. (bethematchclinical.org)
- Although new techniques are being developed to extend CAR T cell therapy to the allogeneic setting, the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains. (bethematchclinical.org)
- A new Phase 3 clinical trial at Winship is enrolling participants after extremely encouraging results in the study's first two phases indicate the first-in-class high-precision cell therapy retains the benefits of stem cell transplant without such serious complications as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and disease relapse in patients with certain blood cancers. (emory.edu)
- Orca-T combines purified cells from a matched donor to replace a patient's diseased blood and immune system with a healthy one while lowering their risk of developing GvHD and other life-threatening transplant-related side effects. (emory.edu)
- These cells expand and help prevent both rejection of the graft and GvHD. (emory.edu)
- BACKGROUND: Preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by depletion of T lymphocytes from the stem cell graft for transplantation remains controversial, mainly because of the perceived increase in disease recurrence. (ox.ac.uk)
- CONCLUSION: T-cell depletion with CAMPATH-1 effectively prevents GVHD, particularly the severe acute forms, without leading to excessive risk of relapse in acute leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
- While bone marrow transplants (BMTs) are sometimes the only hope for patients with diseases like leukemia and other blood disorders, they come with the significant risk of the patient developing graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). (genengnews.com)
- We were able to identify two ligands and two receptors that account for all the effects of Notch signaling in GVHD, with a dominant role for just one ligand-receptor pair," Dr. Maillard explains. (genengnews.com)
- When the researchers used antibodies to inhibit the target Notch ligands, mice had none of the gastrointestinal side effects that came with global inhibition of Notch-and they did not develop GVHD. (genengnews.com)
- The effects of Notch blockade could be traced to decreased inflammation as well as increased expansion of regulatory T cells that suppress GVHD, Dr. Maillard says. (genengnews.com)
- GvHD: uncoupling immunopathology from the graft-vs-leukemia effect. (ncri.org.uk)
- The development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 17 patients was found, with time-dependent Cox regression analysis, to be associated with a significant reduction in post-BMT relapse risk (P=.04) and improved disease-free survival (P=.11). (umn.edu)
- The possibility exists that there could be a little "Graft vs. Host Disease" (GVHD) going on but, it could also be the prophylactic drugs I take every day causing havoc with my digestive tract. (johnbugay.com)
- At the same time, the so-called graft versus host disease (GvHD) often develops when the donor's lymphocytes are transplanted. (uni-mainz.de)
- GVHD disease is the most common consequence of allogeneic BMT and the skin is the most commonly affected organ [5, 13]. (bvsalud.org)
Disease32
- Can Graft vs. Leukemia Effect Be Uncoupled From Graft vs. Host Disease? (vcu.edu)
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is applied successfully to the treatment of many hematopoietic malignancies, but remains limited by severe acute graft-versus-host-disease (aGvHD). (frontiersin.org)
- Joshua Brody, MD, Director of the CLL/Lymphoma Immunotherapy Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, who was not involved in these trials, commented: "CLL is an extremely prevalent disease affecting nearly 200,000 patients in the United States. (ascopost.com)
- Leukemia remission is when there is no evidence of the disease during treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In other words, it is a period when leukemia is in a state of minimal or undetectable disease activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Refractory ALL is a type of leukemia characterized by the failure to achieve complete remission or the recurrence of the disease after initial treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The transplantation of stem cells from a healthy donor (allogeneic) offers the chance of cure for patients with an aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), irrespective of genetic prognostic factors and the prior course of the disease. (disabled-world.com)
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation provides durable disease control in poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia: long-term clinical and MRD results of the GCLLSG CLL3X Trial. (disabled-world.com)
- Chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (haematologica.org)
- As a result, HSCT is often attributed to an increased risk of health complications, the most severe being chronic graft- versus -host disease (cGvHD). (haematologica.org)
- Principal investigator Edmund K. Waller, MD, PhD, FACP, says the net result of giving the patient a precise number of donor T cells with specific functions "leads to better elimination of cancer with less graft versus host disease and less toxicity from the transplant. (emory.edu)
- Graft versus host disease can cause severe damage to the skin, liver, intestines and lungs," Waller says. (emory.edu)
- Ex vivo depletion of T cells from bone marrow grafts with CAMPATH-1 in acute leukemia: graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effect. (ox.ac.uk)
- Antibodies inhibiting specific elements of the Notch pathway can prevent the disease in mice, without serious side effects and without substantially compromising the cancer-fighting ability of the transplanted cells, the team reports. (genengnews.com)
- Conventional methods for preventing the disease include removing T cells from the donor graft and treating the patient with global immunosuppressive drugs. (genengnews.com)
- These findings open perspectives for studying Notch inhibition in the treatment of T cell-mediated disorders including graft-versus-host disease in patients. (genengnews.com)
- Only five out of 72 patients (6.9%) developed graft versus host disease. (arizona.edu)
- Use of donor-derived CAR T cell for relapse prophylaxis, minimal residual disease clearance or salvage from relapse is therefore highly effective, and risk of graft versus host disease flare is very low. (arizona.edu)
- Graft vs leukemia (GVL) effects independent of graft vs host disease were investigated in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras tolerant of host and donor alloantigens. (ox.ac.uk)
- The data suggest that T cells may mediate GVL effects in the absence of graft vs host disease and in circumstances where tolerance to conventional alloantigens is elicited. (ox.ac.uk)
- Induction of GVL effects by allogeneic cells tolerant of host MHC suggests that these effects may be independent of graft vs host disease. (ox.ac.uk)
- The clinical use of this agent in prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease will be examined. (johnshopkins.edu)
- The types of leukemia are grouped based on how quickly the disease develops. (cancersupportcommunity.org)
- She's still got "a touch of chronic GHVD" (graft vs host disease). (johnbugay.com)
- High incidence of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease in patients with the REG3A rs7588571 non-GG genotype. (cdc.gov)
- Characteristics and risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease of liver in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. (cdc.gov)
- Donor-recipient killer immunoglobulin like receptor (KIR) genotype matching has a protective effect on chronic graft versus host disease and relapse incidence following HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (cdc.gov)
- Chain Predicts Risk of Graft-versus-Host Disease and Cytomegalovirus Infection after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (cdc.gov)
- Chronic graft-versus-host disease could ameliorate the impact of adverse somatic mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (cdc.gov)
- Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is the most common consequence of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and it is associated with morbidity and mortality. (bvsalud.org)
- Chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGVHD) is the most common complication following allogeneic BMT [10]. (bvsalud.org)
- Many other clinical conditions present substantial skin fibrosis and may be potentially confused with Scleroderma, sometimes leading to a wrong diagnosis (eosinophilic fasciitis, systemic amyloidosis, scleromyxedema, graft-versus-host disease, progeroid disorders, stiff skin syndrome). (bvsalud.org)
Allogeneic13
- Successful treatment of therapy-resistant chronic leukemia using allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (disabled-world.com)
- Our study is the largest so far for this patient population and proved that allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy option for high-risk CLL and has the potential to cure for this otherwise incurable kind of leukemia," says Professor Dreger, head of the study. (disabled-world.com)
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a very stressful and risky form of therapy, which could previously not be carried out on the generally older patients affected by CLL. (disabled-world.com)
- Survival after allogeneic transplantation depends on donor-recipient matching, the graft-versus-host response and the development of a graft versus leukemia effect. (emory.edu)
- The platform technology used in this study can be applied to include additional populations of cells that may further improve survival and decrease complications for patients with leukemia and MDS undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation," he says. (emory.edu)
- Forty remission patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) underwent matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) following preparation with cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradation (TBI). (umn.edu)
- Characterization of effector cells of graft vs leukemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice inoculated with murine B-cell leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
- It is now widely accepted that immunocompetent lymphocytes in allogeneic bone marrow grafts exert an antileukemic effect that contributes to the cure of leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
- Poor graft function (PGF), manifested by multilineage cytopenias and complete donor chimerism post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), and acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) are immune-mediated acquired bone marrow (BM) failure syndromes with a similar clinical presentation. (bvsalud.org)
- Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only available treatment that offers patients a realistic chance of recovery from chemotherapy-resistant leukemias. (uni-mainz.de)
- In the allogeneic stem cell technique, what happens is that the leukemia patient's own hematopoietic cells are first destroyed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (uni-mainz.de)
- Allogeneic marrow grafting has not been performed in Bloom syndrome patients. (medscape.com)
- Kinetics and Risk Factors of Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Leukemia: A Long-Term Follow-Up Single-Center Study. (cdc.gov)
Bone5
- Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell or bone marrow transplant are common treatment options for leukemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Stem cell transplantation, or bone marrow transplantation, is a treatment option for leukemia and other blood cancers. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Brazil Peru Ecuador Colombia with resection of the fragment and bone grafting. (dhaenergy.com)
- The efficacy of allo-SCT in MM relies on the transplanted immune system having an anti-tumour effect on the host bone marrow, the so-called graft-versus-myeloma (GvM) effect. (medicalupdateonline.com)
- Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the treatment of choice for lymphoma, aplastic anemia, various types of leukemia and immunodeficiency disorders [5]. (bvsalud.org)
Tumor4
- The optimization of graft composition should not only enable a sufficient IR but also improve graft vs. leukemia/tumor effects, overcome infectious complications and, finally, improve patient survival. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Healthcare providers call this "graft-versus-tumor" effect (GVT). (clevelandclinic.org)
- Side effects include cytokine release syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, B-cell aplasia along with CNS toxicity. (arizona.edu)
- This is called a graft versus tumor (GVT) effect. (tlls.org)
Relapse4
- In the last decade, multiple novel cellular therapies have been developed to enhance graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects, and these advances have the potential to change the standard of care in preventing or treating post-transplant relapse. (bethematchclinical.org)
- Broader use has been hampered for a long time mainly by high non-relapse mortality, offsetting the advantage of a graft-vs-lymphoma effect. (nih.gov)
- Neither age, sex, remission number, prior extramedullary leukemia, nor WBC at diagnosis of ALL was statistically significant as a predictor of relapse-free survival. (umn.edu)
- Some blood cancer patients, especially those with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), who have a relapse after stem cell transplantation or for whom transplantation isn't successful, may benefit from an immune cell treatment called donor lymphocyte infusion. (tlls.org)
Transplantation7
- For a large percentage of patients, highly sensitive tests were conducted regularly to detect any remaining leukemia cells after the transplantation. (disabled-world.com)
- Some medical treatments may affect transplantation. (clevelandclinic.org)
- The curative effect of stem cell transplantation relies on alloreactivity of donor T cells against cancer cells, which is known as Graft-versus-Leukaemia (GvL). (ox.ac.uk)
- Ideally, the donor's lymphocytes, received during the transplantation will destroy any remaining leukemia cells. (uni-mainz.de)
- When a donor's lymphocytes are transferred during stem cell transplantation, this is often accompanied by a so-called graft versus leukemia (GvL) effect. (uni-mainz.de)
- 10 Data from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) megafile database indicates that the graft-versus-tumour effect achieved with allo-SCT is weaker and PFS rates lower in MM than in other types of haematological cancers. (medicalupdateonline.com)
- 69 Years with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: On Behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. (cdc.gov)
Cord Blood Transplant1
- T-replete mismatched cord blood transplant (TRCB) offers an augmented graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by alloreactive donor T cells and thereby presents a potential for long term remission and cure in high risk and relapsed refractory AML in children. (ebmt.org)
Remission3
- Learn about remission from acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Therefore, we analyzed the influence of graft manipulation on IR in 40 patients with acute leukemia in remission. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Early T-cell expansion post T-replete mismatched cord transplant with granulocytes is associated with induction of remission and sustenance in relapsed-refractory high risk acute myeloid leukemia. (ebmt.org)
Versus Leukemia Effect3
- providing evidence for an immunological graft-versus-leukemia effect (GvL). (frontiersin.org)
- How much the GVL [graft versus leukemia] effect is truly adding is unclear. (onclive.com)
- The Graft-Versus-Leukemia Effect in AML. (ox.ac.uk)
Chemotherapy10
- In patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an IDH1 mutation who were ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, the addition of the IDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib to azacitidine significantly improved survival vs azacitidine alone, according to data presented at the 2021 American. (ascopost.com)
- Treatments for leukemia include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplants. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Chemotherapy for leukemia can cause various side effects, depending on the specific drugs, the dosage, and the person. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Some supportive therapies, such as anti-nausea medications or growth factors to boost blood cell production, may help manage side effects and improve quality of life during chemotherapy. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Learn more about chemotherapy side effects here. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It generally results in fewer short-term side effects than chemotherapy does. (tlls.org)
- Immune cells from the patient or a transplant donor are used to attack residual leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma cells that remain after chemotherapy. (tlls.org)
- People who are exposed to high levels of radiation and the chemical benzene are more likely to get certain types of leukemia, as are smokers, people who have had chemotherapy and people with certain inherited diseases and blood disorders. (cancersupportcommunity.org)
- The Vidaza she is taking is a form of chemotherapy that has two functions: a cytotoxic effect, which just simply kills bad (and good) cells, and a genetic component, which is supposed to allow some of the "undifferentiated" blast cells (baby blood cells) to "grow up" and differentiate into the kinds of cells they are supposed to be. (johnbugay.com)
- So the net effect is that she is receiving a light version of a chemotherapy (which is working), but with none of the good effects. (johnbugay.com)
Immunological1
- This review will cover the basic pharmacology and immunological effects of pentostatin. (johnshopkins.edu)
Complications1
- It is crucial to control the transplanted donor immune cells so that the effect is strong enough to eliminate the leukemia cells but not strong enough to lead to complications in other tissues and organs. (disabled-world.com)
19982
- Oral exposure can also result in the fuels being aspirated into the lungs, leading to respiratory effects (ATSDR 1995a, 1998). (cdc.gov)
- Systemic health effects have been reported following dermal application of JP-5, kerosene, and several aromatic compounds of the appropriate size (isopropylbenzene, naphthalene, monomethylnaphthalenes), indicating that these substances are absorbed through the skin (ATSDR 1995a, 1995b, 1998, 1999). (cdc.gov)
Severe3
- However, some side effects may last longer or become severe or bothersome. (healthgrades.com)
- When used at high doses in doseranging studies in patients with acute leukemia , FLUDARA (fludarabine) FOR INJECTION was associated with severe neurologic effects, including blindness, coma, and death. (rxlist.com)
- Similar severe central nervous system toxicity, including coma, seizures, agitation and confusion, has been reported in patients treated at doses in the range of the dose recommended for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (rxlist.com)
Lymphocytes3
- The role of Thy1.2, L3T4 and Lyt2 T lymphocytes as effector cells of GVL were investigated in (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 mice inoculated with murine B-cell leukemia and subsequently conditioned with total lymphoid irradiation and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). (ox.ac.uk)
- The lymphocytes produced by the donor's immune system then recognize and destroy the leukemia cells still present in the patient's body. (uni-mainz.de)
- This effect means that the donor's lymphocytes attack the healthy tissues of the patient's weakened body. (uni-mainz.de)
Systemic1
- Clinical treatment currently involves the use of corticosteroids, other immunosuppressive drugs and newly developed biologics, the long term application of which are limited by serious systemic side effects and the local risk of cataracts and glaucoma 24 , 25 . (nature.com)
Host1
- The main risk still remains the "graft-versus-host reaction", in which donor cells attack the patient's own cells, which are foreign to them. (disabled-world.com)
Clinical5
- In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Elsayed et al developed a risk score based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cytarabine pharmacodynamics or clinical outcomes that identified pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who could benefit from. (ascopost.com)
- Winship is one of several clinical trial sites for the Precision-T study evaluating the safety and efficacy of Orca-T, a cell therapy that combines purified cells from a matched donor, in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and high-risk myelodysplastic sydromes (MDS). (emory.edu)
- Some of the more common side effects of Imbruvica that occurred during clinical studies are listed below. (healthgrades.com)
- Pre-clinical and clinical data support a beneficial synergistic effect of ibrutinib on apheresis product fitness, CAR-T expansion and toxicity. (bvsalud.org)
- The Chief Scientific Director of the Mainz University Medical Center, Professor Reinhard Urban, is convinced that the team led by Professor Wolfgang Herr will be able to achieve significant progress in the field of leukemia treatment: 'I share the view of the German Research Foundation that it will be readily possible to apply the highly relevant research results to clinical practice. (uni-mainz.de)
Lymphoma2
- In addition to his research, he treats patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma at Seattle Cancer Care Alliance. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma are treated with regimens specific for this diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Cells12
- Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. (nature.com)
- Refractory ALL is a more challenging form of leukemia because the cancer cells have become resistant to standard treatments. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, this is also the mechanism by which the leukemia cells are eliminated. (disabled-world.com)
- This blood disorder affects your body's ability to produce red blood cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
- This disorder affects white blood cells. (clevelandclinic.org)
- The conventional T cells help eliminate the cancer in the patient through a process called "graft-versus-leukemia. (emory.edu)
- Haplo-CAR T cells could effectively proliferate in vivo and had a clinically significant antitumor activity without serious side effects. (bmj.com)
- chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (curehunter.com)
- Lead poisoning occurs in seemed to find potential negative effects of insecticide red blood cells. (dhaenergy.com)
- The infusion's goal is to attack or suppress leukemia cells by inducing an intense immune reaction against the patient's cancer cells. (tlls.org)
- Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. (cancersupportcommunity.org)
- The first effect continues to work - she feels terrible - but I think that, because her brand of leukemia is so rare, the Vidaza doesn't quite touch on the genes that enable these blast cells to differentiate normally. (johnbugay.com)
Types of leukemia1
- [ 32 ] Various types of leukemia develop at a mean age of 22 years. (medscape.com)
Tyrosine kinase in1
- The latest research in cellular therapies, antibody-based treatments, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based approaches to enhance GVL effects are outlined in articles published in a special edition of Blood . (bethematchclinical.org)
Cellular2
- To create the precision-engineered donor graft, Waller explains that different cellular subsets in the graft are selectively purified and then infused into the transplant recipient in a timed fashion. (emory.edu)
- Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. (curehunter.com)
Patient's2
- In addition, we want to improve the patient's immunity to infection through the graft versus infection (GvI) effect,' emphasized Herr. (uni-mainz.de)
- During the pretravel consult for an immunocompromised traveler, consider additional issues (e.g., the patient's increased risk for travel-associated infections and diseases, the effects travel can have on the patient's underlying condition, and the patient's response or adverse reactions to pretravel vaccines and travel medications). (cdc.gov)
Risk2
- Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). (medscape.com)
- This effect is crucial for reducing the risk of the recurrence of leukemia. (uni-mainz.de)
Stem cell trans1
- A woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who received a cord blood stem cell transplant to treat acute myeloid leukemia has had no detectable levels of HIV for 14 months, despite cessation of antiretroviral therapy, according to research presented at the Conference on Retroviruses and. (ascopost.com)
Lymphoblastic1
- Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital are studying the impact of genetic ancestry on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (ascopost.com)
Cancer2
- If you're using it to treat cancer, you'll take it until it's no longer effective or until you can't tolerate its side effects. (healthgrades.com)
- Fludara (fludarabine) is a cancer medication used to treat B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). (rxlist.com)
Diagnosis2
- Early diagnosis of leukemia is, at present, not known to improve the chances of curative therapy. (medscape.com)
- A 27-year-old female was admitted, in a Hematology Center, in 1997, with previous diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia since 1994. (bvsalud.org)
Suggests1
- 12 however, the finding in the Myeloma XI study that lenalidomide maintenance therapy was associated with a significant improvement in PFS but with little further improvement in depth of response 13 suggests that the graft is providing an adjunct to highly effective maintenance therapy rather than the other way around. (medicalupdateonline.com)
Immune2
- The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. (nature.com)
- Unexpectedly, analysis of samples from patients with good graft function post-alloSCT demonstrated significant changes in the immune microenvironment compared to normal controls, with downregulation of CD44, STING, VISTA, and ARG1, suggesting that recovery of multilineage haematopoiesis post-alloSCT does not reflect recovery of immune function and may prime patients for the development of PGF upon further inflammatory insult. (bvsalud.org)
Regimen3
- We examined the cell recovery post haploidentical SCT in patients receiving a CD34(+)-selected or CD3/CD19-depleted graft, considering the applied conditioning regimen. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- In conclusion, cell reconstitution dynamics showed complex diversity with regard to the graft manufacturing procedure and conditioning regimen. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- The treatment regimen for patients with ALL is determined primarily by the Philadelphia chromosome status of the leukemia and the age of the patient. (medscape.com)
Controversial1
- Especially in haploidentical SCT, the optimization of graft composition is controversial. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Side effects22
- Treatments may cause side effects that vary for different people. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Each treatment option can have side effects that vary for different people. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The healthcare team will work closely with the person to manage side effects and provide supportive care throughout treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Learn more about the side effects of radiation therapy here. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Providers will evaluate whether you're able to manage conditioning side effects. (clevelandclinic.org)
- But inhibiting Notch throughout the body had significant side effects, particularly in the intestine. (genengnews.com)
- Similar to other drugs, Imbruvica may cause side effects. (healthgrades.com)
- Read below for information about possible side effects, including common, mild, and serious ones. (healthgrades.com)
- Some of Imbruvica's side effects may be more common than others. (healthgrades.com)
- These side effects may last only a few days to weeks. (healthgrades.com)
- Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have concerns about any side effects with Imbruvica. (healthgrades.com)
- These side effects can vary depending on the condition Imbruvica is being used to treat. (healthgrades.com)
- Imbruvica can cause mild side effects, which are listed below. (healthgrades.com)
- However, this list doesn't include all possible mild side effects. (healthgrades.com)
- To learn more about Imbruvica's side effects, view the drug's prescribing information . (healthgrades.com)
- After the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves a drug, it tracks side effects of the medication. (healthgrades.com)
- What Are Side Effects of Fludara? (rxlist.com)
- This document does not contain all possible side effects and others may occur. (rxlist.com)
- Check with your physician for additional information about side effects. (rxlist.com)
- Our Fludara (fludarabine) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
- This depends on how well the medication works for you and the side effects you experience. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Form of leukemia1
- CLL is the most frequent form of leukemia in western countries. (disabled-world.com)
Treatment3
- According to the researchers, the treatment was only necessary short-term, although its beneficial effects were long lasting. (genengnews.com)
- Treatment of the primary marrow inoculum with monoclonal anti-Thy1.2 or anti-Lyt2 abolished the GVL effects and all secondary BALB/c recipients developed leukemia within 60 days. (ox.ac.uk)
- On the other hand, the treatment with monoclonal anti-L3T4 did not influence the effect of GVL and all treated recipients remained without leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
Infection1
- Aspergillosis is an opportunistic infection that usually affects the lower respiratory tract and is caused by inhaling spores of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus , commonly present in the environment. (msdmanuals.com)
Dynamics1
- Dynamics of all cell types had a significant influence on OS, which did not differ between patients receiving CD34(+)-selected and those receiving CD3/CD19-depleted grafts. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
