Gold Sodium Thiomalate
A variable mixture of the mono- and disodium salts of gold thiomalic acid used mainly for its anti-inflammatory action in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is most effective in active progressive rheumatoid arthritis and of little or no value in the presence of extensive deformities or in the treatment of other forms of arthritis.
Thiomalates
Gold Sodium Thiosulfate
Auranofin
An oral chrysotherapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it is believed to act via immunological mechanisms and alteration of lysosomal enzyme activity. Its efficacy is slightly less than that of injected gold salts, but it is better tolerated, and side effects which occur are potentially less serious.
Togaviridae
Gold
Inhibition of mycoplasma-induced lymphocyte activation by sodium aurothiomalate. (1/160)
Sodium aurothiomalate, at concentrations of 10 to 150 microgram/ml of culture, inhibited rat lymphocyte stimulation by Mycoplasma pulmonis mitogen in a dose-dependent manner. (+info)High and low molecular weight DNA cleavage in ovarian granulosa cells: characterization and protease modulation in intact cells and in cell-free nuclear autodigestion assays. (2/160)
To continue elucidation of the biochemical and molecular pathways involved in the induction of apoptosis in granulosa cells (GC) of ovarian follicles destined for atresia, we characterized the occurrence and protease modulation of high and low molecular weight (MW) DNA fragmentation during rat GC death. Atresia of ovarian follicles, occurring either spontaneously in vivo or induced in vitro, was associated with both high MW and internucleosomal (low MW) DNA cleavage. Incubation of follicles in the presence of a putative irreversible and non-competitive inhibitor of caspase-1 (interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme or ICE), sodium aurothiomalate (SAM), completely prevented internucleosomal, but not high MW, DNA cleavage. As reported previously, morphological features of apoptosis (pyknosis, cellular condensation) and atresia (granulosa cell disorganization, oocyte pseudomaturation) remained detectable in SAM-treated follicles. The potential involvement of proteases in endonuclease activation was further analyzed in cell-free assays using nuclei from both GC (which autodigest their DNA) and HeLa cells (HC, which do not autodigest their DNA unless incubated with extracts prepared from other cell types). Crude cytoplasmic extracts prepared from GC induced both high MW and internucleosomal DNA cleavage in HC nuclei. The induction of low, but not high, MW DNA cleavage in HC nuclei by GC extracts was suppressed by pretreatment of the extracts with SAM or with any one of the serine protease inhibitors, dichloroisocoumarin (DCI), N-tosyl-L-leucylchloromethylketone (TLCK) or N-tosyl-L-phenylchloromethylketone (TPCK). Interestingly, SAM and DCI also prevented cation-induced low MW DNA fragmentation in GC nuclei; however, TLCK and TPCK were without effect. Our results support a role for cytoplasmic and nuclear serine proteases in the activation of the endonuclease(s) responsible for internucleosomal DNA cleavage during apoptosis. (+info)Prospective six year follow up of patients withdrawn from a randomised study comparing parenteral gold salt and methotrexate. (3/160)
OBJECTIVE: To confirm the impression of a better outcome of patients withdrawn from parenteral gold salt therapy compared with those withdrawn from methotrexate. METHODS: Patients with early, active, and erosive RA were randomised for a double blind trial to receive either weekly 15 mg intramuscular methotrexate or 50 mg goldsodiumthiomalate. If the drug had to be withdrawn because of side effects treatment was continued with the other drug in still active disease. Patients with insufficient response were treated with a combination of both drugs. All patients were followed up by an extended clinical and radiographic evaluation. RESULTS: 64 patients each were allocated to methotrexate and gold treatment. After 72 months a complete record was available for 88% of patients. Within the first 36 months 38 patients withdrew from gold treatment (95% because of side effects) and 23 patients withdrew from methotrexate (57% because of side effects). A significant 40% to 70% improvement of all parameters (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, swollen and tender joints, radiological progression) compared with baseline was observed in patients completing their randomised treatment with gold or methotrexate. The same improvement over three years was seen in patients who withdrew from gold treatment, while patients withdrawing from methotrexate experienced a deterioration of their disease. CONCLUSION: Withdrawals represent the majority of patients in long term drug trials. Patients with early RA stopping gold because of side effects show almost the same sustained improvement as patients continuing gold or methotrexate. Patients withdrawn from methotrexate experience a reactivation of their disease. (+info)Heavy metal nephropathy of rodents. (4/160)
Heavy metal nephropathy is a pathologic entity of the renal tubular epithelium of rats, evoked by lead, gold, and other heavy metals. It is characterized acutely by coagulative necrosis, subacutely by cortical fibrosis, and chronically by cytomegaly and karyomegaly. Finally, adenomas develop, some of which become malignant. (+info)Liposome encapsulated aurothiomalate reduces collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. (5/160)
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) generated in rats or mice has long been a model system for the study of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. In particular, this system has been used to study the mechanisms and effects of anti-arthritic drugs in the treatment of the disease. Sodium aurothiomalate (ATM) is an agent often used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in humans; however, it possesses inherent toxicities which limits its usefulness. Liposome-encapsulated drugs are currently being developed to minimize the toxicities associated with a variety of potentially beneficial drugs. We have chosen to encapsulate ATM into small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) to determine whether greater efficacy would be achieved in treating CIA with SUV ATM as compared to using the free drug. SUVs were prepared from hydrogenated egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. These SUVs were very stable. Vesicles stored at 4 degrees C lost only 0.09% of encapsulated ATM (SUV ATM) after 14 days and were able to reduce collagen-induced arthritis in these mice. Animals treated by i.m. injections of SUV ATM exhibited a 50% reduction in symptoms. More importantly, histological examination of knee joints of the affected animals verified that SUV ATM treatment prevented cellular infiltration of lymphocytes into the synovia of the collagen-sensitized mice. Conditioned media from spleen cell cultures was assayed for the presence of inflammatory lymphokines that might be affected by SUV ATM to account for the success in suppressing collagen-induced arthritis. (+info)Effects of anti-rheumatic gold salts on NF-kappa B mobilization and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced neutrophil-dependent cytotoxicity for human endothelial cells. (6/160)
We have previously shown that the gold-containing disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, auranofin (AF) and gold sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) reduce human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil (PMN) adherence. AF diminishes E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on cytokine-activated HUVEC, while GSTM decreases only E-selectin. Since tight adhesion is critical for PMN to damage EC, we tested whether these drugs modulated human PMN-mediated injury to TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC in vitro (as measured by 51Cr release). Here we show that TNF-alpha caused a prominent PMN-mediated cytotoxicity that was dose-dependently reduced when AF and GSTM were added to the assay system. We also found that a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) in a dose-dependent manner impaired TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity, indicating a role of NF-kappaB activation in cytokine-induced endothelial injury. To examine the effects of AF and GSTM on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation this was measured in HUVEC nuclear extracts by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. AF, but not GSTM, decreased TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in HUVEC. Thus, in this in vitro model of vasculitis, AF and GSTM dose dependently reduced TNF-alpha-mediated neutrophil-dependent cytotoxicity for HUVEC, and AF, but not GSTM, inhibited NF-kappaB mobilization, thereby providing possible mechanisms for effects of AF and GSTM. (+info)Gold and penicillamine: a proposed mode of action in rheumatoid arthritis, based on synovial fluid analysis. (7/160)
Although in common use, there is still controversy as to the way in which gold and penicillamine act in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, synovial fluids from 4 groups of patients have been compared: (1) RA patients on gold/penicillamine, (2) RA patients on non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) only, (3) osteoarthritis patients, and (4) patients with sero-negative arthropathies. The parameters measured were differential agglutination titre (DAT), total haemolytic complement (CH50), total protein, total white cell count, and immunoglobulins. RA patients on gold/penicillamine have lower synovial DAT levels and higher CH50 levels than RA patients on NSAID only, and total and cryoprecipitable IgM levels very close to those found in the sero-negative joint fluids. The non-specific inflammatory parameters, ie, white cell count and total protein are unchanged after good/penicillamine therapy. In a second study, the serum DATs of patients in total remission after gold/penicillamine were compared with similar patients on NSAID only. The DAT falls significantly in the former group (P less than 0.001), but not in the latter suggesting that fall in DAT is a consequence of therapy rather than remission. The parameters altered by gold/penicillamine in the synovial fluid are those that distinguish RA from non-rheumatoid arthropathies suggesting the drug's primary effect is to render the disease sero-negative. The results support the hypothesis that both drugs have a common mode of action based on their active thiol groups, and that the fall in DAT is due to the reduction of the antigenicity of the IgG complexes. (+info)Effects of gold, dapsone, and prednisone on serum C-reactive protein and haptoglobin and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in rheumatoid arthritis. (8/160)
Sequential measurements of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum haptoglobin (Hp), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were made in 209 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); 78 of them were treated with gold, 71 with dapsone, and 60 with prednisone. The results were expressed as proportional changes in the measurements at 28-day intervals after treatment began. The period of study was 140 days. During treatment with gold and dapsone there were statistically significant gradual and progressive falls of similar magnitude in serum CRP and ESR. During treatment with prednisone serum CRP and ESR fell abruptly by 28 days and thereafter altered little. At 140 days prednisone had had the largest proportional effect on both measurements. During gold treatment the fall in serum Hp was similar to that of the ESR. In contrast, prednisone had little effect on Hp levels despite large falls in serum CRP and the ESR. Either prednisone stimulates Hp synthesis or the divergence is an expression of the difference in type of effect between gold and prednisone on RA. The effect of dapsone on serum Hp was large and progressive; it partly reflects haemolysis and, since the haemolysis was not progressive, partly improvement in the RA. The results show the relative efficacy of the drugs and suggest that dapsone may be a useful alternative treatment for RA. (+info)Gold sodium thiomalate is an disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), used mainly in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, that contains gold and works by reducing inflammation and slowing down damage to joints, but its use is limited due to potential toxicity and side effects.
Gold sodium thiomalate is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that contains gold, which can help reduce pain, swelling, and stiffness in joints caused by rheumatoid arthritis. It works by possibly inhibiting certain enzymes involved in inflammation and modulating the immune system's response to reduce tissue damage.
This medication is given as an intramuscular injection and requires medical supervision due to its potential side effects, including kidney and liver problems, skin rashes, mouth sores, and changes in blood cell counts. Regular monitoring of blood and urine tests is necessary during treatment with gold sodium thiomalate.
It's important to note that the use of this medication has declined over time due to the availability of newer and more effective treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, as well as its potential side effects.
Thiomalates are medicinal compounds, such as dimethylamine thiomalate, that contain a thiomalic acid structure and are used in the treatment of conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
Thiomalates are not a medical term per se, but they refer to a group of chemical compounds that contain a sulfur atom (thio-) and a malic acid component (-malate). In the medical context, thiomalates are primarily known for their use in the preparation of certain medications. Specifically, potassium or sodium salt of thiomalic acid is used as an active ingredient in some types of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis treatments. These medications, known as thiomalate drugs, work by reducing inflammation and slowing down the progression of the disease.
Examples of thiomalate drugs include:
* Sodium thiomalate (brand name: Thiosal)
* Potassium thiomalate (brand name: Thiomal-K)
It is important to note that these medications can have side effects and potential risks, so they should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Gold Sodium Thiosulfate is a medication primarily used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, containing gold in the form of a thiosulfate complex, which helps to reduce inflammation and slow down joint damage.
Gold sodium thiosulfate is a medication that contains the active ingredients gold and sodium thiosulfate. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and damage to the joints. The gold component of the medication is thought to work by modulating the immune system and reducing inflammation, while the sodium thiosulfate helps to protect cells from the potential toxic effects of the gold.
Gold sodium thiosulfate is administered as an injection, typically on a weekly basis, and may be given in combination with other medications to manage rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to note that this medication can have serious side effects, including kidney damage, bone marrow suppression, and allergic reactions, and it should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare professional.
Auranofin is a gold-containing medication, specifically a gold salt (auranofin sodium), used primarily in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, exerting its therapeutic effect through anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms.
Auranofin is a medication that contains gold and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It belongs to a class of drugs called gold-containing compounds, which are used to reduce inflammation and joint damage caused by rheumatoid arthritis.
Auranofin works by inhibiting certain enzymes that play a role in the inflammatory response, which can help to reduce swelling, pain, and stiffness in the joints. It is taken orally, usually in the form of a tablet, and is typically prescribed for use in combination with other medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
It's important to note that auranofin can have serious side effects, including kidney damage, mouth sores, and skin rashes, and it should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider. Additionally, regular monitoring of blood and urine tests is necessary while taking this medication to ensure that it is not causing any harmful effects on the body.
Togaviridae is a family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that includes important human pathogens such as alphaviruses, which can cause diseases ranging from mild fever to severe encephalitis.
Togaviridae is a family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses. It includes two genera: Alphavirus and Rubivirus. Alphaviruses are associated with arthritis and encephalitis in humans and animals, while Rubivirus contains only one species, the rubella virus, which is the causative agent of rubella (German measles). These viruses are usually transmitted through insect vectors such as mosquitoes.
Gold, when referred to in a medical context, is often mentioned as a component in various medical devices, implants, or treatments, known for its biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and malleability, such as in the creation of gold salts used in arthritis therapy or gold alloys utilized in dental restorations and surgical implants.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. Gold is typically a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions.
However, if you are referring to "Gold" in the context of medical terminology, it may refer to:
1. Gold salts: These are a group of compounds that contain gold and are used in medicine for their anti-inflammatory properties. They have been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, although they have largely been replaced by newer drugs with fewer side effects.
2. Gold implants: In some cases, a small amount of gold may be surgically implanted into the eye to treat conditions such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. The gold helps to hold the retina in place and can improve vision in some patients.
3. Gold thread embedment: This is an alternative therapy used in traditional Chinese medicine, where gold threads are embedded into the skin or acupuncture points for therapeutic purposes. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support its effectiveness.
I hope this information helps! If you have any further questions, please let me know.
Togaviridae Infections are diseases caused by viruses belonging to the Togaviridae family, such as Alphavirus and Rubivirus, which include diseases like Chikungunya, Eastern equine encephalitis, and Rubella, typically characterized by fever, rash, and/or arthralgia, and potentially more severe symptoms in certain cases.
Togaviridae is a family of single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses that includes several important pathogens affecting humans and animals. The most well-known member of this family is the genus Alphavirus, which includes viruses such as Chikungunya, Eastern equine encephalitis, Sindbis, O'nyong-nyong, Ross River, and Western equine encephalitis viruses.
Togaviridae infections typically cause symptoms such as fever, rash, arthralgia (joint pain), myalgia (muscle pain), and sometimes more severe manifestations like meningitis or encephalitis, depending on the specific virus and the host's immune status. The transmission of these viruses usually occurs through the bite of infected mosquitoes, although some members of this family can also be transmitted via other arthropod vectors or through contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids.
Prevention strategies for Togaviridae infections include using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and eliminating breeding sites for mosquitoes. Vaccines are available for some members of this family, such as the Eastern and Western equine encephalitis viruses, but not for others like Chikungunya virus. Treatment is generally supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and managing complications.
Gold-containing drugs
Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium thiosulfate) Sodium aurothiomalate (Gold sodium thiomalate) (UK) ... "Gold sodium thiomalate (gold)". Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. adverse effects including allergy to gold, ... Gold-containing drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain gold. Sometimes these species are referred to as "gold salts". " ... The efficacy of orally administered gold is more limited than injecting the gold compounds. The mechanism by which gold drugs ...
Yellow nail syndrome
... has been associated with some drugs, e.g. penicillamine, bucillamine and gold sodium thiomalate. It has ...
Sodium aurothiomalate
... (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its ... and Synovial Fluid Concentration and Urinary Excretion of Gold During and Following Treatment With Gold Sodium Thiomalate, Gold ... sodium, Myochrysine (gold sodium thiomalate) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more". Medscape Reference ... Poisoning by gold sodium thiomalate was the final diagnosis in fifteenth episodes of second season of House M.D. " ...
Aurothioglucose
... gold sodium thiomalate) and aurothioglucose were still used until recently. In the United Kingdom, only sodium aurothiomalate ... along with sodium aurothiomalate leaving only Auranofin as the only gold salt on the US market Gold thioglucose features gold ... Gold thioglucose can be prepared by treating gold bromide with thioglucose solution saturated with sulfur dioxide. Gold ... Only one gold drug remains in active clinical use for this purpose in the United States: auranofin although sodium ...
Jacques Forestier
Historically, injectable gold salts such as gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose were considered by many to be the most ... Introduction of gold therapy). Forestier, Jacques (February 1932). "The Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Gold Salts ... Forestier is remembered for his introduction of gold salts as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis. ... Gold for Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles ...
List of MeSH codes (D02)
... thiomalates MeSH D02.241.081.337.463.703.451 - gold sodium thiomalate MeSH D02.241.081.337.502 - maleates MeSH D02.241.081.337. ... thiomalates MeSH D02.886.489.891.451 - gold sodium thiomalate MeSH D02.886.520.150 - disulfides MeSH D02.886.520.150.087 - ... gold sodium thiomalate MeSH D02.691.750.100 - alkylmercury compounds MeSH D02.691.750.100.229 - chlormerodrin MeSH D02.691. ... sodium oxybate MeSH D02.241.511.459 - lactates MeSH D02.241.511.459.450 - lactic acid MeSH D02.241.511.459.800 - sodium lactate ...
Auranofin
... is a safer treatment compared to the more common injectable gold thiolates (gold sodium thiomalate and gold ... Gold(I) compounds, Antirheumatic products, Acetate esters, Metal-containing drugs, Gold-sulfur compounds, Disease-modifying ... Auranofin is a gold salt classified by the World Health Organization as an antirheumatic agent. It has the brand name Ridaura. ... July 2011). "Gold drug auranofin restricts the viral reservoir in the monkey AIDS model and induces containment of viral load ...
Thiomalic acid
The sodium and gold salt of thiomalic acid, sodium aurothiomalate, is used as a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of ... Salts and esters are known as thiomalates. Thiomalic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of corrosion inhibitors, soil ... Kean WF, Kean IR (June 2008). "Clinical pharmacology of gold". Inflammopharmacology. 16 (3): 112-25. doi:10.1007/s10787-007- ...
Disodium aurothiomalate
Auranofin Aurothioglucose Gold salts Sodium aurothiomalate Shaw III CF (September 1999). "Gold-based therapeutic agents". ... Bau R (1998). "Crystal Structure of the Antiarthritic Drug Gold Thiomalate (Myochrysine): A Double-Helical Geometry in the ... but the Au-thiolate bonding is highly covalent and free gold ions do not exist in solution. Whereas simple gold thiolates are ... Gold(I) compounds, Immunosuppressants, Coordination polymers, Gold-sulfur compounds). ...
Gold Sodium Thiomalate (Aurolate, aurothiomalate) | Davis's Drug Guide
Find information on Gold Sodium Thiomalate (Aurolate, aurothiomalate) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, ... thiomalate. Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Gold sodium thiomalate. Daviss Drug Guide. F.A. Davis Company; 2023. https ... thiomalate. Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Gold Sodium Thiomalate [Internet]. In: Daviss Drug Guide. F.A. Davis ... thiomalate. Accessed December 4, 2023.. Vallerand, A. H., Sanoski, C. A., & Quiring, C. (2023). Gold sodium thiomalate. In ...
J1600 - HCPCS Code for Injection, gold sodium thiomalate, up to 50 mg
Gold-containing drugs - Wikipedia
Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium thiosulfate) Sodium aurothiomalate (Gold sodium thiomalate) (UK) ... "Gold sodium thiomalate (gold)". Archived from the original on 28 September 2014. adverse effects including allergy to gold, ... Gold-containing drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain gold. Sometimes these species are referred to as "gold salts". " ... The efficacy of orally administered gold is more limited than injecting the gold compounds. The mechanism by which gold drugs ...
Proteinuria in gold-treated rheumatoid arthritis
Gold / analogs & derivatives* * Gold Sodium Thiomalate / adverse effects* * Humans * Male * Middle Aged ... Proteinuria in gold-treated rheumatoid arthritis Ann Intern Med. 1984 Aug;101(2):176-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-176. ... the risk of developing proteinuria with auranofin therapy is significantly less than that with parenteral gold therapy (p less ... nature of proteinuria seen in this review support previous findings that auranofin is better tolerated than injectable gold. ...
Table 2 - Analysis of MarketScan Data for Immunosuppressive Conditions and Hospitalizations for Acute Respiratory Illness,...
Erythema Annulare Centrifugum: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Medications and other Agents that Increase Sensitivity to Light | Wisconsin Department of Health Services
Drug Eruptions: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
22] : Thiols include captopril, D-penicillamine, gold sodium thiomalate, mercaptopropionylglycine, pyritinol, thiamazole, and ... 19] - Amlodipine, antimalarials, beta-blockers, captopril, diflunisal, diltiazem, enalapril, furosemide, glimepiride, gold, ... Vasculitis - Adalimumab, allopurinol, aspirin/NSAIDs, cimetidine, gold, hydralazine, indinavir, leflunomide, levofloxacin, ...
Gold
Summary Report | CureHunter
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, ... Gold Sodium Thiomalate (Sodium Aurothiomalate) 8. Azathioprine (Imuran) 9. Liposomes (Liposome) 10. Tuberculin (PPD) ... GOLD stage II and above: ,or= 50%; n = 2156), severe COPD (GOLD stage III: 30% to , 50%; n = 3019) and very severe COPD (GOLD ... Gold. Subscribe to New Research on Gold A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic ...
Provenge (sipuleucel-T) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Information for Eczema
Treatment strategy, disease activity, and outcome in four cohorts of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis | Annals of the...
1998) A 36 month comparative trial of methotrexate and gold sodium thiomalate in the treatment of early active and erosive ... 12 month results from a randomized controlled trial comparing methotrexate and gold sodium thiomalate. Br J Rheumatol 37:1220- ... The efficacy of the DMARD(s) used: - Low: chloroquine, oral gold, or a combination of these - Moderate: azathioprine, d- ... penicillamine, intramuscular gold, or a combination of these - High: methotrexate, sulfasalazine, or a combination of these ...
Antirheumatic Drugs | Encyclopedia.com
... and organic gold compounds such as aurothioglucose (Solganol), gold sodium thiomalate (Aurolate) and auranofin (Ridaura). ... The gold compounds may cause serious blood problems by reducing the ability of the blood forming organs to produce blood cells ... and gold compounds, that influence the disease process itself and do not only treat its symptoms. ...
Volume 68, Issue 10 | Microbiology Society
The Effect of Gold Sodium Thiomalate in Adult Swiss/A2G Mice Infected with Togaviruses and Flaviviruses S. Mehta and H. E. Webb ... Treatment of adult mice with gold sodium thiomalate made the normally non-lethal Semliki Forest virus and Sindbis virus ... Protein A-gold labelling was used to detect and locate particles and two major late antigens, polyhedrin and pl0, of Autographa ... With polyhedrin antiserum, gold label was found over viral occlusion bodies (polyhedra), but not over the fibrous structures ...
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1994
GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE 52472 GONADORELIN 52475 GOLD SODIUM THIOSULFATE 52478 GRAMICIDIN 52480 GRISEOFULVIN 52485 GUAIACOL 52490 ... SODIUM ION 55355 SODIUM LACTATE 55357 SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE 55360 SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE 55365 SODIUM NITRATE 55370 SODIUM ... SODIUM BORATE 55300 SODIUM BROMIDE 55305 SODIUM CACODYLATE 55308 SODIUM CAPRYLATE 55310 SODIUM CARBONATE 55315 SODIUM CHLORIDE ... SODIUM ACETATE 55273 SODIUM ALGINATE 55274 SODIUM AMINOBENZOATE 55275 SODIUM BENZOATE 55280 SODIUM BICARBIONATE 55285 SODIUM ...
Bio2Vec
G - RX Drugs |Canadian Mailorder Pharmacy | Canadian-Mailorder-Pharmacy.com
Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed®) - NCBI Bookshelf
Selenium - Mymmunity
Gold salts include aurothioglucose (Solganal), gold sodium thiomalate (Aurolate), and auranofin (Ridaura). ... Gold salts bind to selenium and decrease selenium in parts of the body. This might decrease the normal activity of selenium, ... Backman, E. and Henriksson, K. G. Effect of sodium selenite and vitamin E treatment in myotonic dystrophy. J Intern.Med 1990; ... Gregus Z, Gyurasics A, Csanaky I. Effects of arsenic-, platinum-, and gold-containing drugs on the disposition of exogenous ...
Comments on penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)
Penicillamine should not be taken by patients who are also taking gold (gold sodium thiomalate; aurothiomalate [Myochrysine], ... "gold-standard" randomized clinical trial. Still, "this is promising, and it suggests that for some patients, the benefits of ... diclofenac sodium topical gel, 1 percent), Pataday Twice Daily Relief (olopatadine HCl ophthalmic solution/drops, 0.1 percent ...
Nano Technology - Nature Nano Oil
Gold nanoparticles could be candidates for transdermal delivery systems. Gold compounds such as gold sodium thiomalate have ... What is Gold Nano?. Gold Nano is a small object composed of gold and, which has one-, two-, or three-dimensions on the ... Gold nano peptides are produced in California, USA. It has been tested for endotoxin, and is certified safe for numerous ... Biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are rapidly increasing due to their attractive properties of relatively ...
Jacques Forestier
gold salts. as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis. . Today, injectable gold salts such as gold sodium thiomalate. and ... http://www.utilisegold.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21 Gold for Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis] * [http://www. ... "Laurothérapie dans les rhumatismes chroniques" (Introduction of gold therapy). References * [ ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2012 MeSH. August 19, 2011
AurothioglucoseAuranofinCompounds2023Rheumatoid arthritisAdverse effectsSaltsInjectionHumansParenteral goldIngredientsNanoparticlesStable goldDrugLongComplexesSunlightEfficacyMechanismPatientsKidneyFoundSurfaceAuranofinAurothiomalateMyochrysineAurothioglucoseDrugsMagnesium SulfatePotassiumConcentrationsSaltToxicityRenalExcretionRheumatoidIntramuscular goldInjectableInflammationBoneVitroAPPEARANCEPenicillamineRemedyDoseAcidsTherapyProgressionEffectsMedicalActionStableTreatmentMilk
Aurothioglucose2
- Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium thiosulfate) Sodium aurothiomalate (Gold sodium thiomalate) (UK) Auranofin (UK & US) Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose) (US) Shaw CF (September 1999). (wikipedia.org)
- Today, injectable gold salts such as gold sodium thiomalate and aurothioglucose are considered by many to be the most effective treatment for arthritic ailments. (en-academic.com)
Auranofin2
- In similar groups of patients, the risk of developing proteinuria with auranofin therapy is significantly less than that with parenteral gold therapy (p less than 0.05) and similar to that with background therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (p = 0.92). (nih.gov)
- The lower incidence and relatively benign nature of proteinuria seen in this review support previous findings that auranofin is better tolerated than injectable gold. (nih.gov)
Compounds8
- Chrysotherapy" and "aurotherapy" are the applications of gold compounds to medicine. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s because of numerous side effects and monitoring requirements, limited efficacy, and very slow onset of action. (wikipedia.org)
- Most chemical compounds of gold, including some of the drugs discussed below, are not salts, but are examples of metal thiolate complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- The efficacy of orally administered gold is more limited than injecting the gold compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Excessive intake of gold salts while undergoing chrysotherapy results - through complex redox processes - in the saturation by relatively stable gold compounds of skin tissue and organs (as well as teeth and ocular tissue in extreme cases) in a condition known as chrysiasis. (wikipedia.org)
- Kidney function must be monitored continuously while taking gold compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) - A class of antirheumatic drugs, including chloroquine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and gold compounds, that influence the disease process itself and do not only treat its symptoms. (encyclopedia.com)
- Gold compounds such as gold sodium thiomalate have long been used to treat some forms of arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory benefits. (naturenano.com)
20231
- J1600 is a valid 2023 HCPCS code for Injection, gold sodium thiomalate, up to 50 mg or just " Gold sodium thiomaleate inj " for short, used in Medical care . (hcpcs.codes)
Rheumatoid arthritis5
- Research on the medicinal effects of gold began in 1935, primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of injected gold compound is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
- Gold-containing drugs for rheumatoid arthritis are administered by intramuscular injection but can also be administered orally (although the efficacy is low). (wikipedia.org)
- DiseasesDatabase.com "HMS researchers find how gold fights arthritis: Sheds light on how medicinal metal function against rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Jacques Forestier is remembered for his introduction of gold salts as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis . (en-academic.com)
Adverse effects1
- adverse effects including allergy to gold, tolerance to gold decreasing with age, skin and renal complications. (wikipedia.org)
Salts2
- Skin discoloration occurs when gold salts are taken on a regular basis over a long period of time. (wikipedia.org)
- Approximately 35% of patients discontinue the use of gold salts because of these side effects. (wikipedia.org)
Injection1
- Gold-containing drugs taken by mouth are less effective than by injection. (wikipedia.org)
Humans1
- An estimate of all of the gold ever mined by humans, which is probably more than half of the gold that is available to us, suggests that it is enough to fill about 3 and a half Olympic size swimming pools. (richardjmiller.org)
Parenteral gold1
- A 1997 review (Suarez-Almazor ME, et al) reports that treatment with intramuscular gold (parenteral gold) reduces disease activity and joint inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Ingredients1
- Nature Nano utilizes the gold nanoparticles as a delivery agent to help pass the ingredients deeper through skin and tissue, efficacious for fast penetrating relief of muscle aches. (naturenano.com)
Nanoparticles3
- Biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are rapidly increasing due to their attractive properties of relatively low cytotoxicity. (naturenano.com)
- In recent years, gold nanoparticles have been used in several biomedical applications. (naturenano.com)
- Gold nanoparticles could be candidates for transdermal delivery systems. (naturenano.com)
Stable gold1
- We synthesized and characterized stable gold(III) dithiocarbamate complexes with a variable degree of cyclometalation such as phenylpyridine (C^N) or biphenyl (C^C) Au(III) framework and different alkyl chain lengths. (bvsalud.org)
Drug2
- www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/51849/6/gold_sodium_thiomalate. (drugguide.com)
- We postulate that this nanodelivery strategy is a relevant approach for translational small-molecule gold drug delivery. (bvsalud.org)
Long1
- Melchior , is often depicted as having long white hair and a white beard wearing a gold cloak. (richardjmiller.org)
Complexes1
- In this work, we explored a logical approach to investigate and resolve the physicochemical drawbacks of gold(III) complexes with albumin nanoparticle delivery to improve solubility, enhance intracellular accumulation, circumvent premature deactivation, and enhance anticancer activity. (bvsalud.org)
Sunlight2
- A noticeable side-effect of gold-based therapy is skin discoloration, in shades of mauve to a purplish dark grey when exposed to sunlight. (wikipedia.org)
- If one could distill and concentrate sunlight then surely one would come up with gold. (richardjmiller.org)
Efficacy1
- Investigation of medical applications of gold began at the end of the 19th century, when gold cyanide demonstrated efficacy in treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanism1
- The mechanism by which gold drugs affect arthritis is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Patients1
- 0.0001), and close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis were more likely to be positive with T-SPOT.TB than with QuantiFERON-TB Gold (p=0.0010). (curehunter.com)
Kidney1
- Other side effects of gold-containing drugs include kidney damage, itching rash, and ulcerations of the mouth, tongue, and pharynx. (wikipedia.org)
Found2
- Au-Gold is found in igneous and sedimentary rocks at 0.004 ppm, fresh water at 0.00006 ppm, sea water at 0.000011 ppm, marine plants at 0.012 ppm, land plants 0.0005 to 0.002 ppm, marine animals at 0.0003 to 0.008 ppm, land animals at 0.00023 ppm, and in mammalian liver forms, as a colloid. (mighty-90.com)
- Unlike many other metals, naturally occurring gold is usually found unalloyed as pure flecks or nuggets. (richardjmiller.org)
Surface1
- The rest of the gold, which is accessible to us on the surface, was deposited on Earth through the collisions of meteors many millennia ago. (richardjmiller.org)
Auranofin8
- Other gold salts available include injectable aurothioglucose (Solganal) and oral auranofin ( Ridaura ). (hdkino.org)
- Disodium aurothiomalate Sodium aurothiosulfate (Gold sodium thiosulfate) Sodium aurothiomalate (Gold sodium thiomalate) (UK) Auranofin (UK & US) Aurothioglucose (Gold thioglucose) (US) Shaw CF (September 1999). (wikipedia.org)
- Auranofin is (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-ß-D-glucopyranosato-S-) (triethyl-phosphine) gold. (nih.gov)
- Thus, studies of the pharmacokinetics of auranofin have involved measurement of gold concentrations. (nih.gov)
- Approximately 25% of the gold in auranofin is absorbed. (nih.gov)
- In patients on 6 mg auranofin/day, mean steady state blood-gold concentrations were 0.68 ±0.45 mcg/mL (n=63 patients). (nih.gov)
- In blood, approximately 40% of auranofin gold is associated with red cells, and 60% associated with serum proteins. (nih.gov)
- Early in the 20th century, Auranofin and gold sodium thiomalate, two drugs with colloidal gold, were used by physicians to treat various ailments, most frequently rheumatoid arthritis (GST). (healthsaf.com)
Aurothiomalate3
Myochrysine1
- Gold salt solutions, like Myochrysine® (gold sodium thiomalate), are injected into the affected joints. (goldguys.com)
Aurothioglucose1
- Four infants reportedly have been breastfed during maternal gold therapy (including gold sodium thiomalate and gold aurothioglucose). (nih.gov)
Drugs9
- Because they prevent destruction of joints (in contrast to antiinflammatory drugs that just treat symptoms and signs of arthritis but do not prevent the destruction) gold thiomalate is known as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). (hdkino.org)
- Gold salts also may be referred to as second-line drugs because they are often considered when the arthritis persists in spite of the use of antiinflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs and corticosteroids ) which are not DMARDs. (hdkino.org)
- The concurrent use of penicillamine ( Cuprimine , Depen ) and gold sodium thiomalate should be avoided as the combination decreases the levels and efficacy of both drugs due to chelation (binding of the gold salt with penicillamine). (hdkino.org)
- Gold-containing drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain gold. (wikipedia.org)
- Most chemical compounds of gold, including some of the drugs discussed below, are not salts, but are examples of metal thiolate complexes. (wikipedia.org)
- The mechanism by which gold drugs affect arthritis is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
- Gold-containing drugs for rheumatoid arthritis are administered by intramuscular injection but can also be administered orally (although the efficacy is low). (wikipedia.org)
- Gold-containing drugs taken by mouth are less effective than by injection. (wikipedia.org)
- Other side effects of gold-containing drugs include kidney damage, itching rash, and ulcerations of the mouth, tongue, and pharynx. (wikipedia.org)
Magnesium Sulfate1
- sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate/magnesium sulfate increases toxicity of penicillamine by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
Potassium1
- Possess only one valence electron Very reactive chemically Seldom found free in nature Lithium, Sodium, and potassium metals are stored under kerosene→Violent (exothermic, explosive) reaction with water Hydrogen, H →(Gk. (pdfcoffee.com)
Concentrations4
- Using an experimental model of experimentally induced thrombosis it was shown that rabbits treated with pharmacological concentrations of gold sodium thiomalate had significantly reduced thrombus weight compared to controls. (bl.uk)
- In clinical studies, steady state blood-gold concentrations are achieved in about three months. (nih.gov)
- however, no correlation between blood-gold concentrations and safety or efficacy has been established. (nih.gov)
- Less than 95% pure gold, or 23 karats, may contain harmful concentrations of additional hazardous elements. (healthsaf.com)
Salt1
- Gold sodium thiomalate is a gold-containing chemical (salt) used in treating rheumatoid arthritis . (hdkino.org)
Toxicity2
- Gold therapy results in toxicity in at least 30% of patients. (bl.uk)
- No predictive correlates could be established for patients who had gone into sustained remission, but the data strongly suggested that patients who improve within six months may continue gold therapy for up to three years with an increasing margin of safety for mucocutaneous and renal toxicity. (bl.uk)
Renal1
- adverse effects including allergy to gold, tolerance to gold decreasing with age, skin and renal complications. (wikipedia.org)
Excretion2
Rheumatoid6
- Research on the medicinal effects of gold began in 1935, primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of injected gold compound is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
- DiseasesDatabase.com "HMS researchers find how gold fights arthritis: Sheds light on how medicinal metal function against rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Chapter I and II describe the history of gold in medicine and its subsequent use as an agent in the treatment of rheumatoid disease. (bl.uk)
- Like other gold preparations, RIDAURA is only indicated for use in selected patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. (nih.gov)
- Gold preparations were one of the original treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and have been used for RA therapy for around 75 years. (goldguys.com)
Intramuscular gold1
- A 1997 review (Suarez-Almazor ME, et al) reports that treatment with intramuscular gold (parenteral gold) reduces disease activity and joint inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
Injectable1
- In contrast, 99% of injectable gold is associated with serum proteins. (nih.gov)
Inflammation1
- Gold has anti-inflammatory properties which helps reduce the joint inflammation and pain experienced by patients with RA. (goldguys.com)
Bone1
- Because gold sodium thiomalate can cause bone marrow problems, all patients require regular monitoring with blood and urine tests. (hdkino.org)
Vitro3
- Investigation of medical applications of gold began at the end of the 19th century, when gold cyanide demonstrated efficacy in treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
- Finally, in Chapter VIII my observations that gold sodium thiomalate inhibits the serine esterase thrombin in vitro and in vivo is described. (bl.uk)
- Gold sodium thiomalate had no effect on fibrinolysis nor platelet survival, therefore the reduction in thrombus weight was most likely due to the direct inhibition of the thrombin as was observed in vitro. (bl.uk)
APPEARANCE1
- Cleopatra was rumored to have slept with a 24-karat gold face mask every night to keep her appearance young. (healthsaf.com)
Penicillamine1
- gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine. (medscape.com)
Remedy2
- In earlier times, it was almost considered an elixir of life.A gold remedy was developed by alchemists in Alexandria, Egypt, to boost the body's vitality and assist in treating illnesses. (healthsaf.com)
- In the 1990s, monatomic gold first gained popularity as a medical remedy, and David Hudson claimed to have found the material while tending to his property. (healthsaf.com)
Dose5
- The milk of one mother contained 22 mcg/L after a total dose of gold sodium thiomalate of 370 over a 7-week period and 40 mcg/L after 395 mg over about 8 weeks. (nih.gov)
- Gold levels reached a peak of 30 mcg/L 17 hours after a 20 mg intramuscular dose of gold sodium thiomalate and persisted at about the same levels for at least 72 hours when another dose of 50 mg was administered. (nih.gov)
- A woman received gold sodium thiomalate during pregnancy and after delivery in dose of 10 mg every 3 to 4 weeks. (nih.gov)
- Gold was detectable in an infant's urine at a level of 0.4 mcg/L after a cumulative maternal dose of 370 mg over a 7-week period. (nih.gov)
- Gold was detected in the infant's urine in a concentration of 51 mcg/L on one occasion 21 days after the previous dose. (nih.gov)
Acids1
- The human gastric system's digestive acids can easily tolerate the stability of gold, which allows it to pass through the digestive system almost unmodified. (healthsaf.com)
Therapy1
- A noticeable side-effect of gold-based therapy is skin discoloration, in shades of mauve to a purplish dark grey when exposed to sunlight. (wikipedia.org)
Progression1
- In addition, some scientists believe gold also may modify the autoimmune response slowing disease progression. (goldguys.com)
Effects1
- 20. Inhibitory effects of gold sodium thiomalate on the proliferation and interferon-gamma induced HLA-DR expression in human endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
Medical1
- Even if many of these claims are overblown, various types of gold have been used to treat certain medical ailments successfully. (healthsaf.com)
Action1
- Gold sodium thiomalate inhibits the action of thrombin on washed human platelets and the thrombin clotting time of platelet rich plasma and platelet poor plasma. (bl.uk)
Stable1
- A very stable metal, edible gold is utilized as culinary garnish. (healthsaf.com)
Treatment2
- Three to six months are often required before gold treatment noticeably improves symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Gold is still being used today for RA treatment. (goldguys.com)
Milk3
- Case reports indicate that gold appears in milk in small quantities and at least a little of it is absorbed because it is detectable in the infant's urine. (nih.gov)
- 6] The reaction was possibly due to gold in the mother's milk ingested by the infant. (nih.gov)
- Gold secretion in maternal milk. (nih.gov)
