Glycosides
Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
Cardiac Glycosides
Cyclopentanophenanthrenes with a 5- or 6-membered lactone ring attached at the 17-position and SUGARS attached at the 3-position. Plants they come from have long been used in congestive heart failure. They increase the force of cardiac contraction without significantly affecting other parameters, but are very toxic at larger doses. Their mechanism of action usually involves inhibition of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE and they are often used in cell biological studies for that purpose.
Digitalis Glycosides
Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.
Iridoid Glycosides
Digitoxin
Iridoids
Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.
Plant Extracts
Cardenolides
C(23)-steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a five-membered lactone at C-17. They are aglycone constituents of CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES and must have at least one double bond in the molecule. The class includes cardadienolides and cardatrienolides. Members include DIGITOXIN and DIGOXIN and their derivatives and the STROPHANTHINS.
Iridoid Glucosides
Pregnanes
Digoxin
A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666)
Cimicifuga
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Rutin
Ouabain
Rhizome
Ranunculaceae
Stevia
Saponins
beta-Glucosidase
Kaempferols
Molecular Structure
Spirostans
Quercetin
Asclepias
Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases
Plants, Medicinal
Scrophulariaceae
Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.
Cellvibrio
Carbohydrate Sequence
Norisoprenoids
Cellulase
Rhodiola
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Xylosidases
A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha- or beta-xylosidic linkages. EC 3.2.1.8 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.32 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.37 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans; and EC 3.2.1.72 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans. Other xylosidases have been identified that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-xylosidic bonds.
Lamiaceae
Plant Leaves
Substrate Specificity
Acanthaceae
A plant family of the order Lamiales. It is characterized by simple leaves in opposite pairs, cystoliths (enlarged cells containing crystals of calcium carbonate), and bilaterally symmetrical and bisexual flowers that are usually crowded together. The common name for Ruellia of wild petunia is easily confused with PETUNIA.
Plant Roots
Cellulases
A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.
Convolvulaceae
Spectrophotometry, Infrared
Rubiaceae
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Resins, Plant
Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)
Gardenia
Psidium
Cynanchum
Naphthacenes
Picrorhiza
Acanthopanax
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Plant Stems
Dioscorea
Digitoxigenin
Trillium
Asclepiadaceae
Liliaceae
A monocot family within the order Liliales. This family is divided by some botanists into other families such as Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Amaryllidaceae, which have inferior ovaries, includes CRINUM; GALANTHUS; LYCORIS; and NARCISSUS and are known for AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS.
Monoterpenes
Compounds with a core of 10 carbons generally formed via the mevalonate pathway from the combination of 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. They are cyclized and oxidized in a variety of ways. Due to the low molecular weight many of them exist in the form of essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE).
Chromatography, Thin Layer
beta-Mannosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-mannose residues in beta-D-mannosides. The enzyme plays a role in the lysosomal degradation of the N-glycosylprotein glycans. Defects in the lysosomal form of the enzyme in humans result in a buildup of mannoside intermediate metabolites and the disease BETA-MANNOSIDOSIS.
Sapogenins
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Ferns
Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).
Methanol
Clostridium thermocellum
Cellulose
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Pyrola
Oligosaccharides
Apocynaceae
Steroids
A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Medigoxin
Digitalis
Lignans
A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Cardanolides
alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase
Solanum
Scilla
Aquilegia
Rosaceae
Proteoglycan involvement in polyamine uptake. (1/2075)
We have evaluated the possible role of proteoglycans in the uptake of spermine by human lung fibroblasts. Exogenous glycosaminoglycans behaved as competitive inhibitors of spermine uptake, the most efficient being heparan sulphate (Ki=0.16+/-0.04 microM). Treatment of fibroblasts with either heparan sulphate lyase, p-nitrophenyl-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside or chlorate reduced spermine uptake considerably, whereas chondroitin sulphate lyase had a limited effect. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with alpha-difluoromethylornithine resulted in an increase of cell-associated heparan sulphate proteoglycans exhibiting higher affinity for spermine. The data indicate a specific role for heparan sulphate proteoglycans in the uptake of spermine by fibroblasts. Spermine uptake by pgsD-677, a mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell defective in heparan sulphate biosynthesis, was only moderately reduced (20%) compared with wild-type cells. Treatment of mutant cells with the above-mentioned xyloside resulted in a greater reduction of endogenous proteoglycan production as well as a higher inhibition of spermine uptake than in wild-type cells. Moreover, treatment with chondroitin sulphate lyase resulted in a selective inhibition of uptake in mutant cells, indicating a role for chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in the uptake of spermine by these cells. Fibroblasts, made growth-dependent on exogenous spermine by alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment, were growth-inhibited by heparan sulphate or beta-D-xyloside, which might have future therapeutical implications. (+info)Determining anomericity of the glycosidic bond in Zn(II)-diethylenetriamine-disaccharide complexes using MSn in a quadrupole ion trap. (2/2075)
Zinc-diethylenetriamine (Zn-dien) N-glycoside complexes of four 1,4 and four 1,6 linked disaccharides are prepared. Each reaction mixture is ionized by electrospray and the resulting species [Zn(dien)(disaccharide)-H]+ is allowed to undergo collision-induced dissociation in a quadrupole ion trap. An MS3 analysis is used to differentiate alpha versus beta anomericity of the glycosidic bond in the disaccharide moiety. In addition, the MS2 and MS3 spectra can be used together to determine the linkage position of this glycosidic bond. (+info)Characterization of a novel unconjugated pteridine glycoside, cyanopterin, in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. (3/2075)
A new pteridine glycoside, called cyanopterin, was isolated from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and its structure was elucidated as 6-[1-(4-O-methyl-(alpha-d-glucuronyl)-(1, 6)-(beta-d-galactosyloxy]methylpterin by chemical degradation and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopic means. Cyanopterin is constitutively synthesized at a relatively high intracellular concentration that is comparable to that of chlorophyll a in a molar ratio of approximately 1 to 1.6. The in vivo oxidation state of cyanopterin is primarily the fully reduced 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro form. The cellular function is unknown at present. The findings have established a model system, using Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, for studies of the physiological functions of unconjugated pteridine glycosides found mostly in cyanobacteria. (+info)Collagen synthesis and deposition in cartilage during disrupted proteoglycan production. (4/2075)
A simple system was developed to investigate in vitro the possible relationship between collagen and proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage. When production of complete proteoglycan molecules was effectively inhibited with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xyloside collagen synthesis and distribution were virtually unaffected. (+info)Stimulation of collagen galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities by lysophosphatidylcholine. (5/2075)
Lysophosphatidylcholine stimulated the activities of collagen galactosyl- and glucosyl-transferases in chick-embryo extract and its particulate fractions in vitro, whereas essentially no stimulation was noted in the high-speed supernatant, where the enzymes are soluble and membrane-free. The stimulatory effect of lysophosphatidylcholine was masked by 0.1% Triton X-100. In kinetic experiments lysophosphatidylcholine raised the maximum velocities with respect to the substrates and co-substrates, whereas no changes were observed in the apparant Km values. Phospholipase A preincubation of the chick-embryo extract resulted in stimulation of both transferase activities, probably gy generating lysophosphatides from endogenous phospholipids. No stimulation by lysophosphatidylcholine was found when tested with 500-fold-purified glycosyltransferase. The results suggest that collagen glycosyltransferases must be associated with the membrane structures of the cell in order to be stimulated by lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidylcholine could have some regulatory significance in vivo, since its concentration in the cell is comparable with that which produced marked stimulation in vitro. (+info)Initiation of galactosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Separate galactosylation and dephosphorylation pathways for phosphoxylosylated decorin protein and exogenous xyloside. (6/2075)
By using various radiolabelled precursors, glycosylation and phosphorylation of decorin in a rat fibroblast cell line was investigated in the presence of increasing concentrations of p-nitrophenyl-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside. Decorin core protein glycanation was suppressed to approximately 25% of the normal level in the presence of 2 mm and 3 mm xyloside. Glycans/saccharides were released from the core protein and size-separated by gel chromatography. The intracellular decorin obtained from cells treated with 2 mm xyloside was substituted with Xyl and also with Gal-Xyl and Gal-Gal-Xyl, but not with longer saccharides. Only the trisaccharide contained an almost fully phosphorylated Xyl. We conclude that galactosylation of endogenous, xylosylated decorin and exogenous xyloside probably follow separate pathways or that xylosides and early decorin glycoforms are kept separated. At the addition of the first glucuronic acid the two pathways seem to merge and dephosphorylation of decorin takes place. Xyloside-primed and secreted galactosaminoglycan chains produced simultanously retained phosphorylated Xyl. Inadequate dephosphorylation could be due to excess substrate or to a short transit.time. As shown previously [Moses, J., Oldberg, A., Eklund, E. & Fransson, L.-A. (1997) Eur. J. Biochem. 248, 767-774], brefeldin A-arrested decorin is substituted with the linkage-region extended with an undersulphated and incomplete galactosaminoglycan chain. In cells treated with this drug, xylosides were unable to prime galactosaminoglycan synthesis and unable to inhibit glycosylation and phosporylation of decorin. (+info)Fusicoccin, 14-3-3 proteins, and defense responses in tomato plants. (7/2075)
Fusicoccin (FC) is a fungal toxin that activates the plant plasma membrane H+-ATPase by binding with 14-3-3 proteins, causing membrane hyperpolarization. Here we report on the effect of FC on a gene-for-gene pathogen-resistance response and show that FC application induces the expression of several genes involved in plant responses to pathogens. Ten members of the FC-binding 14-3-3 protein gene family were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to characterize their role in defense responses. Sequence analysis is suggestive of common biochemical functions for these tomato 14-3-3 proteins, but their genes showed different expression patterns in leaves after challenges. Different specific subsets of 14-3-3 genes were induced after treatment with FC and during a gene-for-gene resistance response. Possible roles for the H+-ATPase and 14-3-3 proteins in responses to pathogens are discussed. (+info)Characterization of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the glucuronidation of an antithrombotic thioxyloside in rat and humans. (8/2075)
To investigate the glucuronidation on the hydroxyl group of carbohydrate-containing drugs, the in vitro formation of glucuronides on the thioxyloside ring of the antithrombotic drug, LF 4.0212, was followed in rat and human liver microsomes and with recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). The reaction revealed a marked regioselectivity in rat and humans. Human liver microsomes glucuronidated the compound mainly on the 2-hydroxyl position of the thioxyloside ring, whereas rat was able to form glucuronide on either the 2-, 3-, or 4- hydroxyl group of the molecule, although to a lower extent. LF 4.0212 was a much better substrate of human UGT than the rat enzyme (Vmax/Km 30.0 and 0.06 microl/min/mg, respectively). Phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, and clofibrate enhanced the glucuronidation of LF 4.0212 on positions 2, 3, and 4 of the thioxyloside ring, thus indicating that several UGT isoforms were involved in this process. The biosynthesis of the 2-O-glucuronide isomer was catalyzed by the human UGT1A9 and 2B4, but not by UGT1A6 and 2B11. By contrast, the rat liver recombinant UGT1A6 and 2B1 failed to form the 2-O-glucuronide isomers. From all the recombinant UGTs tested, none catalyzed the formation of the 3-O-glucuronide isomer. Interestingly, glucuronidation on the 4-position was found in all the metabolic competent V79 cell lines considered, including the nontransfected V79 cells, suggesting the presence of an endogenous UGT in fibroblasts able to actively glucuronidate the drug. This activity, which was nonsensitive to the inhibitory effect of 7,7,7-triphenylheptanoic acid, a potent UGT inhibitor, could reflect the existence of a different enzyme. (+info)
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3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-6)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl, 28-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl (1-6) (alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2))-beta-d...
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Glycosides. | Henriettes Herbal Homepage
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Glycoside - ChemistryScore
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On the path to glycan conformer identification: Gas-phase study of the anomers of methyl glycosides of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
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Improved pharmacokinetics and stability properties of catalase by chemical glycosidation with end-group activated dextran
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The fusicoccin receptor of plants is a member of the 14-3-3 superfamily of eukaryotic regulatory proteins
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Decorosides A and B, cytotoxic flavonoid glycosides from the leaves of Rhododendron decorum<...
Genetic Structure of the Common Milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L.
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Medicinal plants
Glycosides[edit]. Further information: Glycosides. Anthraquinone glycosides are found in medicinal plants such as rhubarb, ... "Anthraquinone glycosides". ScienceDirect. Elsevier. 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.. *^ a b Hietala, P.; Marvola, M.; ... The cardiac glycosides are powerful drugs from medicinal plants including foxglove and lily of the valley. They include digoxin ... Cardiac Glycoside". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 26 February 2017. The man credited with the introduction of digitalis into ...
Morin (flavonol)
Glycosides[edit]. *Morin-3-O-arabinoside[1]. *Morin-3-O-lyxoside[1] ...
Ripeness in viticulture
Flavor precursors and glycosides[edit]. Researchers in the wine industry are developing new ways to objectively measure ... Through this method glycosides from the grape juice are isolated and then hydrolysized to yield glucose. The amount of glucose ... The relationship between the presence of glycosides in wine grapes and the potential for quality in the resulting wine is not ... A sizable amount of research has gone into studying methods to determine the presence of flavor precursors and glycosides in ...
Anthocyanin
Glycosides of anthocyanidins[edit]. The anthocyanins, anthocyanidins with sugar group(s), are mostly 3-glucosides of the ... Most frequently occurring in nature are the glycosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and ... Anthocyanins are glycosides of anthocyanidins, the basic chemical structure of which is shown here ... The anthocyanins are subdivided into the sugar-free anthocyanidin aglycones and the anthocyanin glycosides. As of 2003, more ...
Rhaponticin
Hydroxystilbenes and their glycosides (monomeric forms). .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}. Dihydroxylated. * ...
Phytosteroid
Digitoxin, a phytosteroid and cardiac glycoside found in digitalis.. Phytosteroids, also known as plant steroids, are naturally ...
Chrysin
A component in various medicinal plants (e.g. Scutellaria baicalensis), chrysin is a dihydroxyflavone, a type of flavonoid.[6] It is also found in honey, propolis, the passion flowers, Passiflora caerulea and Passiflora incarnata, in Oroxylum indicum,[2] carrots,[1] chamomile,[7] many fruits, and in mushrooms, such as the mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus.[6] It is extracted from various plants,[1] such as the blue passion flower (Passiflora caerulea).[1] The amount of chrysin in honey from various plant sources is about 0.2 mg per 100 g.[8] Chrysin is typically found at higher amounts in propolis than in honey.[9] A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin was 0.10 mg/kg in honeydew honey, and 5.3 mg/kg in forest honeys.[10] A 2010 study found the amount of chrysin in propolis was as much as 28 g/L.[10] A 2013 study found the amount of chrysin in various mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece varied between 0.17 mg/kg in Lactarius deliciosus to 0.34 mg/kg in Suillus bellinii.[10] ...
Hispidulin
... inhibits the release of glutamate in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals. Lin TY1, Lu CW, Wang CC, Lu JF, Wang SJ. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012 Sep 1;263(2):233-43. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.015. Epub 2012 Jul 1. ...
Dietary fiber
Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar). *Steroids (4 rings). Hemiterpenoids (1). *Isoprene (C5H8) ...
Naturally occurring phenols
... a known bitter-tasting flavonoid glycoside, can be isolated from the rhizomes of Selliguea feei.[57] Hypogallic acid, caffeic ... which means that the natural phenols are mostly found in the glycoside form instead of the aglycone form. ...
Aesculin
Coumarin glycosides. *Microbiological media ingredients. Hidden categories: *Articles without KEGG source. *ECHA InfoCard ID ...
Lanatoside C
... (or isolanid) is a cardiac glycoside, a type of drug that can be used in the treatment of congestive heart failure ... Desai UR (2005). "Cardiac Glycosides". VCU School of Pharmacy.. ...
Coramsine
Cham BE, Daunter B (1990). "Solasodine glycosides. Selective cytotoxicity for cancer cells and inhibition of cytotoxicity by ... Cham BE, Daunter B (1990). "Solasodine glycosides. In vitro preferential cytotoxicity for human cancer cells". Cancer Letters. ... Other researchers have also demonstrated antiproliferative activity of steroidal glycosides against cancer cells. During 2005 ... "Steroidal glycosides from the underground parts of Solanum sodomaeum". Chem Pharm Bull. 54 (2): 230-3. doi:10.1248/cpb.54.230. ...
James M. Bobbitt
Catalpa glycosides. 1. The chararctization of catalposide. Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol. 26, 1961, 2230. J. M. Bobbitt, J. ... J. M. Bobbitt and K.-P. Segebarth: The Iridoid Glycosides and Similar Substances, in Cyxlopentanoterpine Derivatives, W. I. ... at the University of Zürich in Switzerland on iridoid glycosides. Bobbitt also worked as a visiting lecturer; from 1964 to 1965 ...
Levothyroxine
Inhibitors: Cyanogenic glycosides. *Perchlorates (e.g., potassium perchlorate). *Pertechnetates (e.g., sodium pertechnetate) ...
Psoralen
... intercalates into the DNA double helix where it is ideally positioned to form one or more adducts with adjacent pyrimidine bases, preferentially thymine, upon excitation by an ultraviolet photon. Several physicochemical methods have been employed to derive binding constants for psoralen-DNA interactions. Classically, two chambers of psoralen and buffered DNA solution are partitioned by a semi-permeable membrane; the affinity of the psoralen for DNA is directly related to the concentration of the psoralen in the DNA chamber after equilibrium. Water solubility is important for two reasons: pharmacokinetics relating to drug solubility in blood and necessitating the use of organic solvents (e.g. DMSO). Psoralens can also be activated by irradiation with long wavelength UV light. While UVA range light is the clinical standard, research that UVB is more efficient at forming photoadducts suggests that its use may lead to higher efficacy and lower treatment times.[15] The photochemically ...
Iodine-131
Inhibitors: Cyanogenic glycosides. *Perchlorates (e.g., potassium perchlorate). *Pertechnetates (e.g., sodium pertechnetate) ...
Desiccated thyroid extract
Inhibitors: Cyanogenic glycosides. *Perchlorates (e.g., potassium perchlorate). *Pertechnetates (e.g., sodium pertechnetate) ...
Thyroid hormones
Inhibitors: Cyanogenic glycosides. *Perchlorates (e.g., potassium perchlorate). *Pertechnetates (e.g., sodium pertechnetate) ...
Bergapten
... is a natural compound coming from plants like the common fig, but it can also be synthesized. Most syntheses of linear furanocoumarins involve starting with a central aromatic unit and adding two heterocyclic rings. Alternate routes of synthesis are desirable to avoid regiochemical problems and moderate yields. The synthesis described here involves Iodine as a removable group to insure regiochemical integrity and convergence.[13] As shown in the diagram, phloroglucinol (compound 1) was the starting material. Mono-methylation was conducted followed by a reaction with ethyl propiolate in the presence of ZnCl2 to yield 7-hydroxy-5-methoxycoumarin (product 3, not shown) with 68% yield. The 8-position of 7-hydroxy-5-methoxycoumarin was then protected by iodine to avoid the formation of an angular furanocoumarin. Product 4 in the diagram is the result of that iodine protection. Product 5 was the result of the allylation of product 4. Osmium tetraoxide and sodium metraperiodate were used to ...
Honokiol
Lignan glycosides. *Arctiin. *Aviculin (isolariciresinol-9'-rhamnopyranoside). *Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). ...
Quercetin
The enzyme quercitrinase can be found in Aspergillus flavus.[14] This enzyme hydrolyzes the glycoside quercitrin to release ... Quercetin is the aglycone form of a number of other flavonoid glycosides, such as rutin and quercitrin, found in citrus fruit, ... Quercetin forms the glycosides quercitrin and rutin together with rhamnose and rutinose, respectively. Likewise guaijaverin is ...
Phytochemistry
GlycosidesEdit. Further information: Glycosides. Anthraquinone glycosides are found in the laxatives senna,[13] rhubarb[14] and ... The cardiac glycosides are powerful drugs from plants including foxglove and lily of the valley. They include digoxin and ... Cardiac Glycoside". Texas A&M University. Retrieved 26 February 2017. The man credited with the introduction of digitalis into ... The foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, contains digoxin, a cardiac glycoside. The plant was used to treat heart conditions long ...
Streptomyces catenulae
1999). Naturally occurring glycosides. Chichester: John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-98602-X. Type strain of Streptomyces catenulae at ...
Momordin (saponin)
Simon, A. S.; Tóth, G. B.; Duddeck, H.; Soliman, H. S. M.; Mahmoud, I. I.; Samir, H. (2006). "Glycosides fromBougainvillea ...
Streptomyces canus
ISBN 3-0348-7038-8. Ikan, edited by Raphael (1999). Naturally occurring glycosides. Chichester: John Wiley. ISBN 0-471-98602-X. ...
Hydrogen cyanide
Vetter J (January 2000). "Plant cyanogenic glycosides". Toxicon. 38 (1): 11-36. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00128-2. PMID ...
Eleutherobin
... is a marine diterpene glycoside with in vitro anticancer activity. Singh R, Sharma M, Joshi P, Rawat DS (2008). " ... Berrué, F; McCulloch, M. W; Kerr, R. G (2011). "Marine diterpene glycosides". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 19 (22): 6702- ...
Antiarin
Dolder, F.; Tamm, Ch.; Reichstein, T. (1955). "Glycosides and aglycons. CL. The glycosides of Antiaris toxicaria". Helvetica ... Antiarins are cardiac glycoside poisons produced by the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria). There are two forms, α-antiarin and β- ... If the dosage of cardiac glycoside (i.e. beta-antiarin) doubles, then the substance becomes a poison. The earliest known use of ... β-Antiarin, a cardiac glycoside steroid, can be isolated from upas tree latex (Antiaris toxicaria). Its use ranges from medical ...
Cyanide
In plants, cyanides are usually bound to sugar molecules in the form of cyanogenic glycosides and defend the plant against ... Vetter, J. (2000). "Plant cyanogenic glycosides". Toxicon. 38 (1): 11-36. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00128-2. PMID 10669009. ... also contain cyanogenic glycosides. The Madagascar bamboo Cathariostachys madagascariensis produces cyanide as a deterrent to ... "Straightforward rapid spectrophotometric quantification of total cyanogenic glycosides in fresh and processed cassava products ...
Glycoside hydrolase - Wikipedia
Glycoside hydrolases are classified into EC 3.2.1 as enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of O- or S-glycosides. Glycoside ... Mutant glycoside hydrolases termed glycosynthases have been developed that can achieve the synthesis of glycosides in high ... a b CAZy Family Glycoside Hydrolase *^ Henrissat B, Callebaut I, Mornon JP, Fabrega S, Lehn P, Davies G (1995). "Conserved ... whereby retaining glycoside hydrolases can catalyze the transfer of a glycosyl moiety from an activated glycoside to an ...
Resin glycosides from Convolvulaceae plants | SpringerLink
Resin glycosides are well known as purgative ingredients, which are characteristic of certain crude drugs such as Mexican ... Noda N, Nishi M, Miyahara K, Kawasaki T (1988) Resin glycosides. IV. Two new resin glycosides, muricatins VII and VIII, from ... Ono M, Kuwabata K, Kawasaki T, Miyahara K (1992) Resin glycosides. XIV. Quamoclins I-IV, new ether-soluble resin glycosides (" ... Ono M, Nakagawa K, Kawasaki T, Miyahara K (1993) Resin glycosides. XIX. Woodrosins I and II, ether-insoluble resin glycosides ...
Cardiac Glycosides - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf
The cardiac glycosides have not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent ... Digitalis and its derivatives such as digoxin and digitoxin are cardiac glycosides used typically in the therapy of congestive ... Digitalis glycosides.[Am Fam Physician. 1983]. Digitalis glycosides.. Sloan RW. Am Fam Physician. 1983 Nov; 28(5):206-16. ... Review Current status of cardiac glycoside drug interactions.[Clin Pharm. 1985]. Review Current status of cardiac glycoside ...
Glycosides of Fraxinus mandschurica and F. potamophila | SpringerLink
Cyanogenetic glycoside | chemical compound | Britannica
... dangerous cyanide compounds called cyanogenetic glycosides (glycosides capable of releasing hydrogen cyanide gas upon ... Other articles where Cyanogenetic glycoside is discussed: Rosales: Chemicals: ... dangerous cyanide compounds called cyanogenetic glycosides (glycosides capable of releasing hydrogen cyanide gas upon ...
Glycoside - Wikipedia
Glycosides can be linked by an O- (an O-glycoside), N- (a glycosylamine), S-(a thioglycoside), or C- (a C-glycoside) glycosidic ... glycosides are classified as α-glycosides or β-glycosides. Some enzymes such as α-amylase can only hydrolyze α-linkages; others ... Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. ... The two primary glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A, are used as natural sweeteners in many countries. These glycosides ...
glycoside
Cardiac glycoside overdose: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Cardiac glycosides are medicines for treating heart failure and certain irregular heartbeats. They are one of several classes ... The medicine digoxin contains cardiac glycosides.. Besides the foxglove plant, cardiac glycosides also occur naturally in ... Cardiac glycoside overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be ... Cardiac glycoside is a chemical that has effects on the heart, stomach, intestines, and nervous system. It is the active ...
Cardiac glycoside - Wikipedia
The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar (glycoside) and an R group. The ... Cheeke, Peter R. (1989-07-31). Toxicants of Plant Origin: Glycosides. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849369919. "Cardiac Glycoside Plant ... as done by cardiac glycosides. Nevertheless, due to questions of toxicity and dosage, cardiac glycosides have been replaced ... Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and increase its rate of ...
Cardiac Glycosides and Cardiomyopathy | Hypertension
The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger is essential for the action of cardiac glycosides. Circ Res. 2002; 90: 305-308. ... The presence of endogenous cardiac glycosides, including marinobufagenin (MBG)3 and endogenous ouabain (EO)4 in the human ... Taken together, these data strongly support an important role for endogenous glycoside, EO and MBG, in the pathogenesis of ... a growing number of studies suggest that elevated levels of endogenous cardiac glycosides, such as EO,4 may have a primary role ...
Koch's glycoside
Evaluating the Cancer Therapeutic Potential of Cardiac Glycosides
Cardiac glycosides have been used for many years in the treatment of cardiac congestion and some types of cardiac arrhythmias. ... Cardiac glycosides can also block tumor growth in rodent models, which further supports the idea that they have potential for ... Recent data suggest that cardiac glycosides may also be useful in the treatment of cancer. These compounds typically inhibit ... Evidence also suggests, however, that cardiac glycosides may not inhibit cancer cell proliferation selectively and the potent ...
Revised exposure assessment for steviol glycosides | European Food
Exposure estimates calculated for the adults UK population give a mean dietary exposure to steviol glycosides, expressed as ... The mean anticipated dietary exposure to steviol glycosides expressed as steviol equivalents in European children (aged 1-14 ... Revised exposure assessment for steviol glycosides for the proposed uses as a food additive. ... carried out a revised exposure assessment of steviol glycosides from its use as a food additive, for children and adults, based ...
Glycoside hydrolase superfamily (IPR017853) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Glycoside hydrolase superfamily (IPR017853). Short name: Glycoside_hydrolase_SF Overlapping entries *Glycoside hydrolase family ... Glycoside hydrolase, family 3, N-terminal domain superfamily (IPR036962). *Alpha-glucuronidase, C-terminal domain superfamily ( ... Glycoside hydrolase, family 2, active site (IPR023232). *Uncharacterised protein family, glycosyl hydrolase catalytic domain ( ... The mechanisms by which family 10 glycoside hydrolases bind decorated substrates.. J. Biol. Chem. 279 9597-605 2004 ...
What are Cardiac Glycosides? (with pictures)
Cardiac glycosides are a type of steroid medications used to treat heart failure. They can have both positive and negative ... Cardiac glycosides are a class of steroid medications used to treat heart failure. These medications can have both positive and ... Cardiac glycosides can be poisonous if taken in large amounts. Care should be taken in calculating dosage, because the correct ... Medications containing cardiac glycosides work directly on the tissues of the heart. A bitter taste is typical of both ...
EFSA evaluates the safety of steviol glycosides | European Food
EFSA evaluates the safety of steviol glycosides. The European Food Safety Authoritys scientific Panel on additives, the ANS ... The Panel set an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)[1] of 4 mg per kg body weight per day for steviol glycosides, a level consistent ... Steviol glycosides are intense sweeteners extracted from the leaves of the stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). These ... Scientific Opinion on the safety of steviol glycosides for the proposed uses as a food additive ...
EPO - T 0715/01 (Glycosides/COGNIS) of 24.9.2002
T 0715/01 (Glycosides/COGNIS) of 24.9.2002. European Case Law Identifier:. ECLI:EP:BA:2002:T071501.20020924. ... g) recovering the aliphatic glycoside.. 12. A method for producing a dry mixture of a saccharide source and a fatty alcohol ... Document (1), which represents the closest prior art, discloses a process for making alkyl glycosides by acetalisation of ... C to form a reaction mixture and recovering the aliphatic glycoside from said mixture, which comprises:. (a) forming a slurry ...
Steviol Glycosides Modulate Glucose Transport in Different Cell Types
Process for preparing alkyl glycosides - The Procter & Gamble Company
Improvement in the acid catalyzed process for preparing alkyl glycosides by reaction of an alcohol with a monosaccharide or ... Also the glycosides of the short chain (C1 -C4) alcohols, e.g., methyl glycosides and butyl glycosides can be used as reactants ... The invention pertains to the preparation of alkyl glycosides by the reaction of a (C1 -C30) alcohol with a monosaccharide, or ... The present invention is a process for preparing C1 -C30 alkyl glycosides, comprising reacting a monosaccharide (or a source of ...
Glycoside hydrolase, family 45 (IPR000334) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Browse Products Containing: CETEARYL WHEAT STRAW GLYCOSIDES || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWGs strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIEDTM on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more , Legal Disclaimer ...
Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries. - PubMed - NCBI
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Diarylheptanoid Glycosides of Morella salicifolia Bark
The absolute configuration of the glycosides was confirmed after hydrolysis and synthesis of O-(S)-methyl butyrated (SMB) sugar ... The absolute configuration of the glycosides was confirmed after hydrolysis and synthesis of O-(S)-methyl butyrated (SMB) sugar ... Keywords: Morella salicifolia; Myricaceae; diarylheptanoid glycosides; myricanol; juglanin Morella salicifolia; Myricaceae; ... Makule, E.; Schmidt, T.J.; Heilmann, J.; Kraus, B. Diarylheptanoid Glycosides of Morella salicifolia Bark. Molecules 2017, 22, ...
IUPAC - glycosides (G02661)
By extension, the terms N-glycosides and C-glycosides are used as class names for @[email protected] and for compounds having a @[email protected] ...
Water-Soluble Constituents of Fennel. I. Alkyl Glycosides
763. Cyanogenic glycosides (WHO Food Additives Series 30)
Table 1: The occurrence of cyanogenic glycosides in major edible plants (Conn, 1979a,b) Cyanogenic Plant species glycosides ... glycoside-contaminated diets. There are grounds to suspect that cyanogenic glycoside-contaminated foodstuffs such as cassava ... only known activating enzyme of hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides in vivo (Dorr & Paxinas, 1978). Cyanogenic glycosides are ... glucosidase which in turn hydrolyses glycoside - or by hydrolysis of glycoside by the -glucosidase produced by the microflora ...
Glycoside dictionary definition | glycoside defined
glycoside definition: any of a group of sugar derivatives, widely distributed in plants, which on hydrolysis yield a sugar and ... glycoside. gly·co·side. any of a group of sugar derivatives, widely distributed in plants, which on hydrolysis yield a sugar ... glycoside. noun. Any of a group of organic compounds, occurring abundantly in plants, that yield a sugar and one or more ... plural glycosides). *(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A molecule in which a sugar group (the glycone) is bound to a non-sugar ...
Characteristics of cyanogenic glycosides - Botanical online
They are some type of glycosides that, ingested or chewed, produce hydrolyzed cyanide acid (HCN), that is what is commonly ... Cyanogenic glycosides in plants What are cyanogenic glycosides? ... Cyanogenic glycosides in plants. What are cyanogenic glycosides ... 1 Cyanogenic glycosides in plants*1.1 What are cyanogenic glycosides?. *1.2 How can you know you have been poisoned with ... Where cyanogenic glycosides can be found?. Cyanogenic glycosides are not unique to plants and can be found in other living ...
Cardiac glycoside - Wikipedia
The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar (glycoside) and an R group.[4] ... "Cardiac Glycosides". www.people.vcu.edu. Retrieved 2017-05-25.. *^ a b Cheeke, Peter R. (1989-07-31). Toxicants of Plant Origin ... Glycosides. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849369919. .. *^ a b c "Cardiac Glycoside Plant Poisoning: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology ... Cardiac glycosides affect the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cells to alter their function.[1] Normally, these ...
Novel Biocatalysts for the Production of Glycosides | NOVOSIDES Project | FP7 | CORDIS | European Commission
Therefore, glycosylation reactions catalysed by transglycosidases, glycoside phosphorylases and glycoside hydrolases will be ... The produced glycosides will be actively marketed to potential end-users to promote the valorisation of the projects results ... This project aims to develop novel biocatalysts for the production of glycosides (NOVOSIDES). Glycosylated compounds have a ...
Cardiac glycosideHydrolasesDigoxinSteviol glycosidesDigitalis glycosidesAlkyl glycosidesCyanogenic glycosidesSynthesisOuabainHydrolysisCompounds2017EnzymesDigitoxinHydrolase family 61Lily-of-theChemicalFlavoneMonosaccharideCyanideCardioactiveCardenolidesGlucosideInhibitorsSteroidalStevioside and rebaudiosideInhibitMoleculesSteroidPlantConcentrationsGlycosidic bondAmygdalinNaturallyEnzyme2016-2021Atrial fibrillationLiquid chromatographyStructure elucidationExtractExtractsFoxgloveSaponinCyanidinMultifunctionalBlock tumor growthBiochemistryPlantsCompoundPharmacologyCitationOleandrinSodiumSugars
Cardiac glycoside13
- Cardiac glycoside overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cardiac glycoside is a chemical that has effects on the heart, stomach, intestines, and nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
- Older people are especially likely to suffer from problems of long-term (chronic) cardiac glycoside poisoning. (medlineplus.gov)
- Symptoms of cardiac glycoside overdose vary. (wisegeek.com)
- The general structure of a cardiac glycoside consists of a steroid molecule attached to a sugar (glycoside) and an R group. (wikipedia.org)
- This image presents the general structure of a cardiac glycoside molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- Example of the chemical structure of oleandrin , a potent toxic cardiac glycoside extracted from the Oleander bush. (wikipedia.org)
- Cardiac glycoside with direct inotropic effects in addition to indirect effects on cardiovascular system. (medscape.com)
- How is poisoning with a natural occurring cardiac glycoside diagnosed? (calpoison.org)
- Therefore, the management of patients with severe cardiac glycoside poisoning is generally difficult and costly in countries with limited resources. (calpoison.org)
- This poor correlation could be due to several factors including variability in cardiac glycoside concentrations among seeds, limited absorption from the gut, vomiting in some patients after ingestion, and individual factors. (calpoison.org)
- dij″ĭ-tal´is] dried leaf of a cardiac glycoside. (silt3.com)
- a general term for cardiac glycoside. (silt3.com)
Hydrolases19
- Glycoside hydrolases (also called glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases ) catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex sugars . (wikipedia.org)
- Glycoside hydrolases are found in essentially all domains of life. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the important occurrences of glycoside hydrolases in bacteria is the enzyme beta-galactosidase (LacZ), which is involved in regulation of expression of the lac operon in E. coli . (wikipedia.org)
- In higher organisms glycoside hydrolases are found within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus where they are involved in processing of N-linked glycoproteins , and in the lysosome as enzymes involved in the degradation of carbohydrate structures. (wikipedia.org)
- Deficiency in specific lysosomal glycoside hydrolases can lead to a range of lysosomal storage disorders that result in developmental problems or death. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycoside hydrolases are found in the intestinal tract and in saliva where they degrade complex carbohydrates such as lactose , starch , sucrose and trehalose . (wikipedia.org)
- The glycoside hydrolases are involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of glycogen in the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycoside hydrolases are classified into EC 3.2.1 as enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of O- or S-glycosides. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycoside hydrolases can also be classified according to the stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis reaction: thus they can be classified as either retaining or inverting enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- [3] Glycoside hydrolases can also be classified as exo or endo acting, dependent upon whether they act at the (usually non-reducing) end or in the middle, respectively, of an oligo/polysaccharide chain. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycoside hydrolases may also be classified by sequence or structure based methods. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent progress in glycosidase sequence analysis and 3D structure comparison has allowed the proposal of an extended hierarchical classification of the glycoside hydrolases. (wikipedia.org)
- The most important cleavage enzymes are the glycoside hydrolases, and the most important synthetic enzymes in nature are glycosyltransferases. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, glycosylation reactions catalysed by transglycosidases, glycoside phosphorylases and glycoside hydrolases will be explored in more detail. (europa.eu)
- Manipulation of glycoside hydrolases may increase transformation and widen the host range of the bacterium. (asm.org)
- Four novel multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs) from Caldicellulosiruptor morganii and Caldicellulosiruptor danielii were produced recombinantly in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and characterized. (osti.gov)
- Is the Subject Area "Glycoside hydrolases" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
- The transglycosylation of steviol glycosides, aiming at the improvement of their taste, has been reported for many enzymes, however, glycosyl hydrolases are not extensively studied in this respect. (frontiersin.org)
- Return to Template:Glycoside hydrolases . (wikidoc.org)
Digoxin10
- Digitalis and its derivatives such as digoxin and digitoxin are cardiac glycosides used typically in the therapy of congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. (nih.gov)
- Digitalis (dij" i tal' is), digoxin (di jox' in) and digitoxin (dij" i tox' in) are cardiac glycosides that enhance myocardial contractility, probably by increasing levels of myocardial cytosolic calcium because of inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase. (nih.gov)
- Digoxin, derived from Digitalis lanatus, was introduced as having more reliable pharmacokinetics and remains the major form of cardiac glycosides used today. (nih.gov)
- The medicine digoxin contains cardiac glycosides. (medlineplus.gov)
- Recent high-throughput screenings of drug libraries have identified several cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin, ouabain, and bufalin) as potent inhibitors of cancer cell growth [ 17 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The prescription medicines deslanoside, digitoxin , and digoxin contain cardiac glycosides and are available only from a pharmacy. (wisegeek.com)
- Eleven of these drugs were cardiac glycosides, including digoxin, ouabain, and proscillaridin A, which inhibited HIF-1α protein synthesis and expression of HIF-1 target genes in cancer cells. (pnas.org)
- the glycosides of Digitalis purpurea (digitoxin, gitalin and gitoxin) and digoxin (from D. lanata ). (thefreedictionary.com)
- The exogenous digitalis glycosides, ouabain and digoxin, have been widely used in humans to treat congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. (jimmunol.org)
- The best-known cardiac glycosides come from digitalis and include the drug digoxin. (thefreedictionary.com)
Steviol glycosides28
- Following a request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), carried out a revised exposure assessment of steviol glycosides from its use as a food additive, for children and adults, based on the revised proposed uses presented in the terms of reference. (europa.eu)
- Revised exposures estimates have been calculated for Tier 2 using the same methodology used by the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food in its opinion on steviol glycosides with revised proposed use levels with the individual food consumption data for children and the adult population. (europa.eu)
- The mean anticipated dietary exposure to steviol glycosides expressed as steviol equivalents in European children (aged 1-14 years) ranged from 0.4 to 6.4 mg/kg bw/day, and from 1.7 to 16.3 mg/kg bw/day at the 95th percentile. (europa.eu)
- Exposure estimates calculated for the adults UK population give a mean dietary exposure to steviol glycosides, expressed as steviol equivalents of 1.9-2.3 mg/kg bw/day and of 5.6-6.8 mg/kg bw/day for high level consumers (97.5th percentile). (europa.eu)
- The main contributors to the total anticipated exposure to steviol glycosides are non-alcoholic flavoured drinks (soft drinks) for both populations. (europa.eu)
- The European Food Safety Authority's scientific Panel on additives, the ANS Panel, has assessed the safety of steviol glycosides, sweeteners extracted from plant leaves, and established an Acceptable Daily Intake for their safe use. (europa.eu)
- The Panel set an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)[1] of 4 mg per kg body weight per day for steviol glycosides, a level consistent with that already established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). (europa.eu)
- Steviol glycosides are intense sweeteners extracted from the leaves of the stevia plant (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). (europa.eu)
- Steviol Glycosides Modulate Glucose Transport in Different Cell Types," Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity , vol. 2013, Article ID 348169, 11 pages, 2013. (hindawi.com)
- Then you should not miss the one in this issue - steviol glycosides. (gov.hk)
- Not until the 70s, the extracts, steviol glycosides, were first commercialised as a sweetener in Japan. (gov.hk)
- Today, stevia is cultivated in many countries and China is the largest grower of stevia as well as exporter of steviol glycosides. (gov.hk)
- While "natural" is the strength of steviol glycosides,"taste"may be the weakness of this sweetener. (gov.hk)
- Steviol glycosides in general have a slower onset and longer duration of sweetness than sugar. (gov.hk)
- Furthermore, each steviol glycoside has different taste, for instance, stevioside has a slight herbal taste, rebaudioside-A has a clean sweet taste, and other minor steviol glycosides have bitter or licorice-like aftertaste. (gov.hk)
- The composition of the steviol glycoside mixtures may differ according to the cultivar from which the steviol glycosides are extracted, and differences in the manufacturing process. (gov.hk)
- Steviol glycosides are determined safe by both international and national food safety authorities based on the findings that they are of low toxicity and are not toxic to genes or cancer-causing. (gov.hk)
- The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for steviol glycosides is 0-4 mg/kg body weight. (gov.hk)
- Since only small amount of sweeteners is used in foods, the ADI is unlikely to be exceeded upon normal consumption of foods containing steviol glycosides. (gov.hk)
- Based on the favourable safety assessment results of steviol glycosides by food safety authorities, the international food standard-setting body, Codex, is currently drafting provisions for steviol glycoside for use as a sweetener. (gov.hk)
- In 2002, a large-scale food recall took place in the territory because of the presence of stevioside, the principal sweetening compound of the steviol glycosides, in a variety of food. (gov.hk)
- Now, in view of the latest scientific development, the safety of steviol glycosides has been assured. (gov.hk)
- We will soon be able to enjoy food with these natural sweeteners as the local regulation will shortly be amended to include steviol glycosides as permitted sweeteners. (gov.hk)
- The sweet taste of stevia is attributed to its numerous steviol glycosides, however, their use is still limited, due to their bitter aftertaste. (frontiersin.org)
- In the present study, a β-glucosidase, Mt Bgl3a, and a β-galactosidase, Tt bGal1, have been applied in the transglycosylation of two steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside A. The maximum conversion yields were 34.6 and 33.1% for stevioside, while 25.6 and 37.6% were obtained for rebaudioside A conversion by Mt Bgl3a and Tt bGal1, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
- LC-HRMS analysis identified the formation of mono- and di- glycosylated products from stevioside and rebaudioside A. Overall, the results of the present work indicate that both biocatalysts can be exploited for the design of a cost-effective process for the modification of steviol glycosides. (frontiersin.org)
- Therefore, significant research effort has been focused on the addition of glycosyl moieties in steviol glycosides, aiming at the improvement of their organoleptic properties. (frontiersin.org)
- Another promising enzyme group regarding the modification of steviol glycosides is glucansucrases (EC 2.1.4. (frontiersin.org)
Digitalis glycosides7
- these are the patients most often treated with digitalis glycosides. (ahajournals.org)
- After more than 200 years of clinical use, the efficacy and safety of digitalis glycosides in all degrees of CHF remain controversial. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Risk factors for injurious falls: Among men there were positive associations between injurious falls and older age, absence of the Achilles reflex, absence of the quadriceps reflex, muscle weakness in the inferior extremities (iliopsoas, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior and peroneal muscles), gait disturbances and the use of long-acting benzodiazepines, digitalis glycosides , calcium blockers and anti-inflammatory drugs (Table I). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Both digitalis glycosides and -blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heart rate. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Digitalis glycosides have been used widely in the clinical treatment of congestive heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias for hundreds of years. (jimmunol.org)
- Sensitivity of cardiac muscle to digitalis glycosides depends on the thyroid state. (jci.org)
- 2. the digitalis glycosides or cardiac glycosides, collectively. (silt3.com)
Alkyl glycosides3
- Improvement in the acid catalyzed process for preparing alkyl glycosides by reaction of an alcohol with a monosaccharide or source of monosaccharide moiety, the improvement residing in the use of certain organic bases to neutralize the catalyst at the end of the reaction. (freepatentsonline.com)
- The invention pertains to the preparation of alkyl glycosides by the reaction of a (C 1 -C 30 ) alcohol with a monosaccharide, or other source of monosaccharide moiety in the presence of an acid catalyst, followed by neutralizaton with a base. (freepatentsonline.com)
- In the case of alkyl glycosides with aglycons of short alkyl chain length complete anomerization to the alpha-glycosides was observed while with those of longer chain length the process was found to be incomplete. (biomedsearch.com)
Cyanogenic glycosides19
- CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES First draft prepared by Dr G. Speijers, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection Laboratory for Toxicology Bilthoven, The Netherlands 1. (inchem.org)
- EXPLANATION Cyanogenic glycosides are phytotoxins which occur in at least 2000 plant species, of which a number of species are used as food in some areas of the world. (inchem.org)
- There are approximately 25 cyanogenic glycosides known. (inchem.org)
- The major cyanogenic glycosides found in the edible parts of plants used for human or animal consumption are summarized in Table 1. (inchem.org)
- Several factors are important in this toxicity: The first aspect is the processing of plant products containing cyanogenic glycosides. (inchem.org)
- This enzyme hydrolyzes the cyanogenic glycosides to produce hydrogen cyanide and glucose and ketones or benzaldehyde. (inchem.org)
- At least part of the potential hydrogen cyanide is released, and may be responsible for all or part of the toxic effect of cyanogenic glycosides in the cases of some foods. (inchem.org)
- Table 1: The occurrence of cyanogenic glycosides in major edible plants (Conn, 1979a,b) Cyanogenic Plant species glycosides Common name Latin name Amygdalin almonds Prunus amygdalus. (inchem.org)
- Due to several factors influencing hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides and the confounding influence of nutritional status (such as riboflavin, vit. (inchem.org)
- In several studies both in animals and man the toxicity of cyanogenic glycosides is often expressed as mg releasable cyanide. (inchem.org)
- What are cyanogenic glycosides? (botanical-online.com)
- How can you know you have been poisoned with cyanogenic glycosides? (botanical-online.com)
- Where cyanogenic glycosides can be found? (botanical-online.com)
- Cyanogenic glycosides are not unique to plants and can be found in other living beings or can be produced by cigarette smoke or cars combustion. (botanical-online.com)
- Why do plants produce cyanogenic glycosides? (botanical-online.com)
- Current analysis methods for cyanogenic glycosides are based on generation and measurement of cyanide by spectroscopic techniques or by HPLC-UV. (wur.nl)
- Nowadays, the intact cyanogenic glycosides can be measured by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This is more straightforward. (wur.nl)
- In addition this allows determination of cyanogenic glycosides together with other toxins which is more efficient. (wur.nl)
- The topic of the internship is the development of an LC-MS-based method for the determination of the most abundant cyanogenic glycosides in food products. (wur.nl)
Synthesis14
- Fischer glycosidation refers to the synthesis of glycosides by the reaction of unprotected monosaccharides with alcohols (usually as solvent) in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
- The absolute configuration of the glycosides was confirmed after hydrolysis and synthesis of O -( S )-methyl butyrated (SMB) sugar derivatives by comparison of their 1 H-NMR data with those of reference sugars. (mdpi.com)
- Enzymatic synthesis using glycoside phosphorylases. (jic.ac.uk)
- Carbohydrate phosphorylases are readily accessible but under-explored catalysts for glycoside synthesis. (jic.ac.uk)
- Synthesis of glyceryl glycosides related to A-type prymnesin toxins. (jic.ac.uk)
- Reaction network for synthesis of hexane-tetrols and triols from methyl glycosides with cis-vicinal OH groups. (aiche.org)
- Anomeric O-alkylation/arylation is applied to the synthesis of 2-deoxy-β-glycosides. (harvard.edu)
- This market research report examines the foreign trade of Mexico and its perspectives on the global market for glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis. (marketpublishers.com)
- The report will be of considerable interest primarily to relevant strategic planners, senior company officials and importers/exporters, since it features invaluable information on glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis export/import operations in Mexico. (marketpublishers.com)
- The report studies how Mexico behaves on the global market for glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis. (marketpublishers.com)
- It also assesses the dynamics of country's foreign trade in glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis in 2006-2016. (marketpublishers.com)
- The report indicates major suppliers and consumers of glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis in Mexico. (marketpublishers.com)
- The final chapter provides in-depth analysis of prospects for the country's foreign trade in glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis, as well the forecast for the development of the market for glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis up to 2021. (marketpublishers.com)
- We present average price forecast for glycosides, natural or reproduced by synthesis. (marketpublishers.com)
Ouabain2
- The presence of endogenous cardiac glycosides, including marinobufagenin (MBG) 3 and endogenous ouabain (EO) 4 in the human circulation, should be taken into account. (ahajournals.org)
- Strophanthin and ouabain are glycosides found in Strophanthus spp. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hydrolysis2
- dangerous cyanide compounds called cyanogenetic glycosides (glycosides capable of releasing hydrogen cyanide gas upon hydrolysis). (britannica.com)
- Glycosides yield a sugar after undergoing hydrolysis . (yourdictionary.com)
Compounds12
- These compounds typically inhibit cancer cell proliferation at nanomolar concentrations, and recent high-throughput screenings of drug libraries have therefore identified cardiac glycosides as potent inhibitors of cancer cell growth. (hindawi.com)
- These cardiac glycosides were also able to block tumor growth in mice xenotransplanted with human cancer cells, further supporting the idea that these compounds should be evaluated in cancer patients [ 17 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and increase its rate of contractions by acting on the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase pump. (wikipedia.org)
- By extension, the terms N -glycosides and C -glycosides are used as class names for @[email protected] and for compounds having a @[email protected] attached to a hydrocarbyl group respectively. (iupac.org)
- The produced glycosides will be actively marketed to potential end-users to promote the valorisation of the project's results and to initiate future collaborations on novel target compounds. (europa.eu)
- All compounds are arranged according to the structure of the aglycone, and, in its own class, by the increasing molecular weight, making Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides extremely useful for the structure elucidation of new natural products, particularly glycosides. (waterstones.com)
- Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural compounds used traditionally to treat congestive heart diseases. (frontiersin.org)
- Isolating glycoside flavour precursors from grapes is relatively simple, although the conventional method also extracts less desirable phenolic compounds, which contribute bitterness. (awri.com.au)
- Apart from the free volatile compounds, the intact glycosides in the wines were also enhanced, with the concentration of geraniol glycoside increased more than 60-fold. (awri.com.au)
- Cardioactive steroids or cardiac glycosides are naturally‐occurring compounds identified in various plant and animal species. (calpoison.org)
- Some authors define glycosides as compounds obtained by replacing the hydroxy group on the hemiacetal carbon or on the hemiketal carbon with any ligand other than hydrogen and classify them as O -glycosides, N -glycosides, C -glycosides, etc. based on the element that attaches the ligand to the ring. (libretexts.org)
- Such compounds frequently are referred to as O-glycosides to distinguish them from analogs having a sulfur (thio- or S -glycosides), nitrogen (amino- or N-glycosides), or carbon (anomalously called C-glycosides) as the exocyclic atom on the anomeric carbon. (thefreedictionary.com)
20171
- 2017. "Diarylheptanoid Glycosides of Morella salicifolia Bark. (mdpi.com)
Enzymes3
- There are four type of linkages present between glycone and aglycone: C-linkage/glycosidic bond, "nonhydrolysable by acids or enzymes" O-linkage/glycosidic bond N-linkage/glycosidic bond S-linkage/glycosidic bond Glycosides are also classified according to the chemical nature of the aglycone. (wikipedia.org)
- As more phosphorylase enzymes are discovered, access to further difficult to synthesise glycosides will be enabled. (jic.ac.uk)
- Herein we review reported phosphorylase enzymes and the glycoside products that they have been used to synthesise. (jic.ac.uk)
Digitoxin1
- In vitro and ex vivo experiments have revealed that some cardiac glycosides (e.g., digitoxin) induce potent and selective anticancer effects [ 4 , 14 , 15 ], which may occur at concentrations commonly found in the plasma of patients treated with these drugs [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Hydrolase family 612
Lily-of-the3
- Besides the foxglove plant, cardiac glycosides also occur naturally in plants such as Lily-of-the-Valley and oleander , among several others. (medlineplus.gov)
- Plants containing cardiac glycosides include Christmas rose, the highly toxic foxglove , and lily of the valley. (wisegeek.com)
- There are multiple naturally occurring cardiac glycosides including Lily of the Valley ( Convallaria majalis) , Squill ( Drimia maritima) , Foxglove ( Digitalis sp ), Common Oleander ( Nerium oleander) , and the Cane Toad ( Rhinella marina) . (calpoison.org)
Chemical3
- Chemical structure of cardiac glycosides. (hindawi.com)
- Glycosides are classified based on the following: 1) Chemical nature of aglycone part 2)Therapeutic activity of aglycone part. (pharmainfo.net)
- Chemical analysis showed that the glycoside material greatly boosted free monoterpenes in the finished Chardonnay and Riesling wines. (awri.com.au)
Flavone4
- Flavone Glycosides from Calycotome Villosa Subsp. (mdpi.com)
- The known flavonoid chrysin-7-O-(β-D-glycopyranoside) (chrysin glucoside,1) as a major fraction and a new glycoside flavone, chrysin-7-O-β-D-[(6"-acetyl)glycopyranoside] (2) were isolated from the flowers and leaves of CalycotomeVillosa Subsp. (mdpi.com)
- 2004. "Flavone Glycosides from Calycotome Villosa Subsp. (mdpi.com)
- Our Ginkgo extract is standardized to contain 24% flavone glycosides and 6% terpene lactones for guaranteed potency in each capsule. (swansonvitamins.com)
Monosaccharide2
- When the hydroxy group on the hemiacetal carbon or on the hemiketal carbon in the molecule of a cyclic monosaccharide is replaced with an alkoxy group, the resultant compound is called a glycoside. (libretexts.org)
- An alkenyl glycoside is prepared by reacting a metathesis-derived unsaturated fatty alcohol containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms with either (1) a reducible monosaccharide or composition hydrolyzable to a reducible monosaccharide, or (2) a hydrocarbyl glycoside produced by reacting an alcohol containing up to 6 carbon atoms with a reducible monosaccharide or composition hydrolyzable to a reducible monosaccharide. (patents.com)
Cyanide2
- Cyanide, released from a cyanogenic glycoside in food by -glucosidase either of plant or from gut microflora origin and taken up, follows the known cyanide metabolic pathway and toxicokinetics both for animals and man. (inchem.org)
- They are some type of glycosides that, ingested or chewed, produce hydrolyzed cyanide acid (HCN) , that is what is commonly known as hydrogen cyanide, one of the most potent poisons. (botanical-online.com)
Cardioactive1
- Also called cardioactive glycosides . (thefreedictionary.com)
Cardenolides3
- Cardiac glycosides containing the lactone 2-furanone are known as cardenolides and those containing the lactone 2-pyrone are known as bufadienolides (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- Cardiac glycosides are divided into two main types: bufadienolides and cardenolides. (wisegeek.com)
- Cardenolides belong to the group of cardiac glycosides (CG) and attracted much interest in preclinical anticancer research. (frontiersin.org)
Glucoside1
- Cyanidin 3-glycosides, glucoside and rutinoside, stimulated the regeneration, but the corresponding delphinidins showed no significant effect. (nih.gov)
Inhibitors1
- Once used as first-line agents for congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation, the cardiac glycosides have been replaced by agents that are better tolerated and have been shown to improve long term survival such as the ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers. (nih.gov)
Steroidal6
- A process for preparing an edible aqueous dispersion of one or more steroidal glycosides, the edible dispersion comprising one or more steroidal glycoside, and a food product comprising the dispersion, as well as methods of controlling body weight or obesity by ingesting the food product. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 6. Process according to claim 1, wherein the steroidal glycoside is obtained from plants of the Asclepiadaceae family. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 12. Process according to claim 11, wherein the extract comprises at least about 10% of steroidal glycosides. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 14. An edible aqueous dispersion comprising one or more steroidal glycosides and an emulsifier having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance value between about 7 and about 30, wherein the ratio (w/w) of the steroidal glycosides to the emulsifier in said edible dispersion is less than about 10:1. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 15. Edible dispersion according to claim 14 wherein said steroidal glycosides are dispersed to a mean particle size (D3,2) of less than about 15 micrometer. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Steroidal saponins obtained by biotransformation of total furostanol glycosides from Dioscorea zingiberensis with Absidia coerulea. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Stevioside and rebaudioside1
- Stevia stems and leaves are rich in diterpenoid glycosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A (rebA), but many more minor glycosides have been isolated. (frontiersin.org)
Inhibit2
- Evidence also suggests, however, that cardiac glycosides may not inhibit cancer cell proliferation selectively and the potent inhibition of tumor growth induced by cardiac glycosides in mice xenografted with human cancer cells is probably an experimental artifact caused by their ability to selectively kill human cells versus rodent cells. (hindawi.com)
- Cardiac glycosides, however, inhibit this pump by stabilizing it in the E2-P transition state, so that sodium cannot be extruded: intracellular sodium concentration therefore increases. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules2
- The formation of glycosides is the principal manner in which monosaccharides are incorporated into more complex molecules. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Triterpenoid glycosides are molecules widely distributed in plants and have shown a wide range of biological activities against various diseases. (rsc.org)
Steroid5
- Cardiac glycosides, also known as cardiotonic steroids, are a group of natural products that share a steroid-like structure with an unsaturated lactone ring and the ability to induce cardiotonic effects mediated by a selective inhibition of the Na + /K + -ATPase. (hindawi.com)
- Cardiac glycosides, also known as cardiotonic steroids, are natural products with a steroid-like structure and an unsaturated lactone ring. (hindawi.com)
- Cardiac glycosides are a class of steroid medications used to treat heart failure . (wisegeek.com)
- Cardiac glycosides also vary in the groups attached at either end of the steroid. (wikipedia.org)
- This book is an essential reference guide to spectroscopic, physical and biological activity data of over 3500 steroid glycosides, offering the structures and the data of the naturally occurring glycosides of steroids. (waterstones.com)
Plant6
- Cardiac glycosides are found in several plants, including the leaves of the digitalis (foxglove) plant. (medlineplus.gov)
- Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. (wikipedia.org)
- Cardiac glycosides can be more specifically categorized based on the plant they are derived from, as in the following list. (wikipedia.org)
- The first of these lectures is devoted to the importance of sugars in the plant economy and the classification of glycosides including a series of definitions of terms. (annals.org)
- Any of several glycosides obtained chiefly from plant sources such as the foxglove, used medicinally to increase the force of contraction of heart muscle and to regulate heartbeats. (wordnik.com)
- All parts of the plant containing cardiac glycosides are toxic, with the roots and seeds typically containing the highest percentage of toxins. (calpoison.org)
Concentrations1
- Serum Glycoside Concentrations in Digitalis Toxic Patients. (annals.org)
Glycosidic bond5
- In chemistry, a glycoside /ˈɡlaɪkəsaɪd/ is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. (wikipedia.org)
- In formal terms, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via a glycosidic bond. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycosides can be linked by an O- (an O-glycoside), N- (a glycosylamine), S-(a thioglycoside), or C- (a C-glycoside) glycosidic bond. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidic bond, and by the aglycone. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on whether the glycosidic bond lies "below" or "above" the plane of the cyclic sugar molecule, glycosides are classified as α-glycosides or β-glycosides. (wikipedia.org)
Amygdalin1
- The first glycoside ever identified was amygdalin, by the French chemists Pierre Robiquet and Antoine Boutron-Charlard, in 1830. (wikipedia.org)
Naturally3
- Ingestion of naturally occurring cardiac glycosides produces a clinically picture very similar to that of digitalis poisoning. (calpoison.org)
- Human exposure to naturally occurring cardiac glycosides may result from accidental ingestion, intentional ingestion, ingestion of medicinal preparations, and criminal poisoning. (calpoison.org)
- One class of naturally occurring glycosides is called the cardiac glycosides because they exhibit the ability to strengthen the contraction of heart muscles. (thefreedictionary.com)
Enzyme2
- The cardiac glycosides have not been linked to serum enzyme elevations during therapy or with instances of clinically apparent liver injury. (nih.gov)
- When the edible parts of the plants are macerated, the catabolic intracellular enzyme -glucosidase can be released, coming into contact with the glycosides. (inchem.org)
2016-20211
- Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets market report analyses the market growth, Market trends, market overview & market forecast from 2016-2021. (beforeitsnews.com)
Atrial fibrillation2
- The cardiac glycosides are now reserved largely for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and atrial fibrillation or for patients with congestive heart failure in sinus rhythm and residual symptoms despite maximal alternative therapy. (nih.gov)
- The cardiac glycosides are approved treatment of mild-to-moderate congestive heart failure and for control of the ventricular response rate in patients with atrial fibrillation. (nih.gov)
Liquid chromatography1
- In the first stage, triterpenoid glycosides were identified using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry using UHPLC-QTOF-MS system. (rsc.org)
Structure elucidation1
- I. Isolation and structure elucidation of orizabin-I, II, III and IV, genuine resin glycosides from the root of Ipomoea orizabensis . (springer.com)
Extract4
- From the water-soluble portion of the methanol extract of the herbal medicine fennel [fruit of Foeniculum vulgare MILLER (Umbelliferae)], one ethyl, two propyl, two butyl and four isopentyl (hemiterpenoid) glycosides were obtained. (go.jp)
- Bioactivity-directed fractionation of an extract of the leaves of Alvaradoa haitiensis, using the KB (human oral epidermoid carcinoma) cell line, led to the isolation and identification of 10 new anthracenone C-glycosides, alvaradoins E?N (1?10), along with the known compound chrysophanol (11). (rti.org)
- This econometric study covers the world outlook for glycosides and ginseng extract across more than 200 countries. (marketresearch.com)
- This study gives, however, my estimates for the worldwide latent demand, or the P.I.E., for glycosides and ginseng extract. (marketresearch.com)
Extracts1
- Characterisation of glycoside extracts from various grape varieties will be achieved using LC-MS and GC-MS analysis. (awri.com.au)
Foxglove1
- Originally derived from the purple foxglove flower (Digitalis purpurea), the cardiac glycosides have been used in clinical medicine for more than two centuries. (nih.gov)
Saponin3
- Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpenoid saponin glycoside alleviates ultraviolet-B irradiation-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpenoid saponin glycoside from the roots and rhizomes of licorice is used in traditional and modern medicine for the treatment of numerous medical conditions including skin diseases and beauty care product. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Fagonia indica has shown a wide range of biological activities and found to be rich in saponin or triterpenoid glycoside constituents. (rsc.org)
Cyanidin1
- Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries. (nih.gov)
Multifunctional1
- Molecular trinity' for soft nanomaterials: Integrating nucleobases, amino acids, and glycosides to construct multifunctional hydrogelators. (biomedsearch.com)
Block tumor growth1
- Cardiac glycosides can also block tumor growth in rodent models, which further supports the idea that they have potential for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
Biochemistry1
- The anomeric carbon atom can exist in either of two stereoisomeric configurations, a fact which is of immense importance to the chemistry and biochemistry of glycosides. (thefreedictionary.com)
Plants5
- Resin glycosides are well known as purgative ingredients, which are characteristic of certain crude drugs such as Mexican Scammony Radix, Orizabae Tuber, and Jalapae Tuber, all of which originate from Convolvulaceae plants. (springer.com)
- This review describes the isolation and structural elucidation of resin glycosides from some Convolvulaceae plants, including Ipomoea operculata , Pharbitis nil , Quamoclit pennata , Calystegia soldanella , and I. muricata . (springer.com)
- Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. (wikipedia.org)
- [6] Below is a full list of plants from which cardiac glycosides can be derived. (wikipedia.org)
- These complex glycosides are present in the cell membranes of microbes, plants, and animals. (thefreedictionary.com)
Compound2
- The important fruit flavour-enhancing compound β-damascenone was also substantially increased by the glycoside addition. (awri.com.au)
- If the oxygen atom of the anomeric hydroxyl group becomes bonded to a carbon atom, other than that of a carbonyl (C ═ O) group, the resulting compound is a glycoside. (thefreedictionary.com)
Pharmacology2
- Following the monographs by STRAUB (1924) and LENDLE (1935), this is the third contribution to the "Pharmacology of Cardiac Glycosides" within the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, which was founded by ARTHUR HEFFTER and con- tinued by WOLFGANG HEUBNER. (springer.com)
- Because of the need created by the length of time that had elapsed since LENDLE'S work, the editorial board requested the rapid ap- pearance of this 56th volume, which represents current knowledge of the pharma- cology and clinical pharmacology of cardiac glycosides. (springer.com)
Citation1
- citation needed] Much of the chemistry of glycosides is explained in the article on glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Oleandrin1
- milkweed): oleandrin Adonis vernalis (Spring pheasant's eye): adonitoxin Kalanchoe daigremontiana and other Kalanchoe species: daigremontianin Erysimum cheiranthoides (wormseed wallflower) and other Erysimum species some species of Chrysolina beetles, including Chrysolina coerulans, have cardiac glycosides (including Xylose) in their defensive glands. (wikipedia.org)
Sodium4
- hellebore) Cardiac glycosides affect the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in cardiac muscle cells to alter their function. (wikipedia.org)
- Cardiac glycosides bind to and inactive the Na+/K+ ATPase that extrudes sodium and imports potassium into cardiomyocytes. (calpoison.org)
- Effects of thyroid hormone on sodium pump sites, sodium content, and contractile responses to cardiac glycosides in cultured chick ventricular cells. (jci.org)
- The increased tolerance of hyperthyroid cells and reduced tolerance of hypothyroid cells to cardiac glycosides can be explained by these changes in the number of sodium pump sites and cellular sodium content, and consequently, calcium influx via sodium-calcium exchange. (jci.org)
Sugars1
- Great stress is laid on the structure of the sugars isolated from the cardiac glycosides. (annals.org)