Polyethylene Glycols
Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.
Glycols
Ethylene Glycols
Propylene Glycol
Propylene Glycols
Hydrogels
Butylene Glycols
Drug Carriers
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
Cryoprotective Agents
Polymers
Solvents
Drug Delivery Systems
Biocompatible Materials
Micelles
Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.
Surface Properties
Osmium Tetroxide
Solubility
Water
Crystallization
Pharmaceutical Vehicles
Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)
Liposomes
Polyesters
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Cryopreservation
Methacrylates
Surface-Active Agents
Chemical Precipitation
Poisoning
Materials Testing
Bisacodyl
Adsorption
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.
Polyglactin 910
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Nanocapsules
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Glycerol
Polymethacrylic Acids
Poly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological membranes and as hydrogens. Synonyms: methylacrylate polymer; poly(methylacrylate); acrylic acid methyl ester polymer.
Phosphatidylethanolamines
Drug Compounding
Excipients
Polyethylenes
Dextrans
Gold
Temperature
Dendrimers
Nanostructures
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Molecular Structure
Polyethyleneimine
Coated Materials, Biocompatible
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Succinimides
Serum Albumin, Bovine
Click Chemistry
Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries.
Rotaxanes
Complex compounds in which a dumbbell shaped molecule is encircled by a macrocycle. They are named after rota (wheel) and axis (axle). Notation with a prefix is used to indicate the number of interlocked components. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY. Rotaxanes have been made with CYCLODEXTRINS and CYCLIC ETHERS.
Polymerization
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Porosity
Oxalic Acid
Oxalates
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Ethylene Oxide
A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)
Solutions
Osmosis
Delayed-Action Preparations
Nanotechnology
Cell Survival
Alcohols
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Emulsions
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
Chitosan
Styrene
Cattle
Biomimetic Materials
Hemoglobinuria
Rabbits
Cross-Linking Reagents
Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.
Microspheres
Dosage Forms
Completed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation in which prescribed doses of medication are included. They are designed to resist action by gastric fluids, prevent vomiting and nausea, reduce or alleviate the undesirable taste and smells associated with oral administration, achieve a high concentration of drug at target site, or produce a delayed or long-acting drug effect.
Styrenes
Constipation
Mechanical Phenomena
Poloxamer
A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Nanomedicine
The branch of medicine concerned with the application of NANOTECHNOLOGY to the prevention and treatment of disease. It involves the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and NANOSTRUCTURES. (From Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol 1, 1999).
Metal Nanoparticles
Tissue Engineering
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chemistry, Physical
Deuteroporphyrins
Tannins
Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.
Osmotic Pressure
Therapeutic Irrigation
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Lactulose
Physicochemical Phenomena
Pharmaceutic Aids
Substances which are of little or no therapeutic value, but are necessary in the manufacture, compounding, storage, etc., of pharmaceutical preparations or drug dosage forms. They include SOLVENTS, diluting agents, and suspending agents, and emulsifying agents. Also, ANTIOXIDANTS; PRESERVATIVES, PHARMACEUTICAL; COLORING AGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; VEHICLES; EXCIPIENTS; OINTMENT BASES.
Viscosity
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
Acetates
Osmolar Concentration
Calcium Oxalate
Half-Life
Methanol
Laxatives
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Immobilized Proteins
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
Permeability
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Diffusion
Gels
Cell Membrane Permeability
Polysorbates
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Urolithiasis
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning
Crystallography, X-Ray
Tissue Scaffolds
Keratolytic Agents
Vitrification
Sucrose
Glyceryl Ethers
Nephelometry and Turbidimetry
Chemical analysis based on the phenomenon whereby light, passing through a medium with dispersed particles of a different refractive index from that of the medium, is attenuated in intensity by scattering. In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitted through the medium, the unscattered light, is measured. In nephelometry, the intensity of the scattered light is measured, usually, but not necessarily, at right angles to the incident light beam.
Tissue Adhesives
Models, Chemical
Electrolytes
Technology, Pharmaceutical
The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Protoplasts
Lactic Acid
Membranes, Artificial
Cyanoacrylates
Magnesium Oxide
Countercurrent Distribution
Gelatin
Chromatography, Gel
Endodeoxyribonucleases
Drug Contamination
Dimethylpolysiloxanes
Silicone polymers which consist of silicon atoms substituted with methyl groups and linked by oxygen atoms. They comprise a series of biocompatible materials used as liquids, gels or solids; as film for artificial membranes, gels for implants, and liquids for drug vehicles; and as antifoaming agents.
Muramidase
A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
Povidone
Detergents
2-Propanol
Administration, Topical
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Substrate Specificity
Biodegradation, Environmental
Blood Substitutes
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Rheology
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Scattering, Radiation
Alkanes
Cell Fusion
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Chemistry
Saxifragaceae
The saxifrage plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. The leaves are alternate and sometimes deeply lobed or form rosettes. The flowers have both male and female parts and 4 or 5 sepals and petals; they are usually in branched clusters. The fruit is a capsule with many seeds.
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Plasticizers
Acidosis
Avidin
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Cells, Immobilized
Microbial, plant, or animal cells which are immobilized by attachment to solid structures, usually a column matrix. A common use of immobilized cells is in biotechnology for the bioconversion of a substrate to a particular product. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Spinal reflexes and the concentrations of 5-HIAA, MHPG, and HVA in lumbar cereborspinal fluid after spinal lesions in man. (1/326)
Descending bulbospinal pathways that employ specific neurotransmitter substances are known to be capable of modulating segmental reflex activity in the experimental animal. To determine whether this might also occur in man correlations have been sought between the activity in spinal reflex pathways and the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in 12 patients with complete or virtually complete spinal lesions. The concentrations of 5-HIAA and MHPG in lumbar CSF ARE REDUCED AFTER COMPLETE OR VIRTUALLY COMPLETE SPINAL LESIONS IN MAN. This may occur within 18 days of the lesion. MHPG concentrations appear to be inversely related to the level of the lesion. The HVA concentration in lumbar CSF is reduced when there is obstruction of the CSF pathways. No relationship could be demonstrated between the concentrations of 5-HIAA or MHPG in lumbar CSF and the activity in the spinal monosynaptic pathway (estimated from the proportion of the motoneurone pool activated by the Achilles tendon reflex or H reflex) or the activity of a spinal inhibitory mechanism (estimated by the degree of vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex). Patients with a tonic vibration reflex (TVR) tended to have higher MHPG levels. There appeared to be an association between low CSF HVA and enhanced vibratory inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex in the nine patients whose spinal lesions were complete. (+info)Effects of commonly used cryoprotectants on glycogen phosphorylase activity and structure. (2/326)
The effects of a number of cryoprotectants on the kinetic and structural properties of glycogen phosphorylase b have been investigated. Kinetic studies showed that glycerol, one of the most commonly used cryoprotectants in X-ray crystallographic studies, is a competitive inhibitor with respect to substrate glucose-1-P with an apparent Ki value of 3.8% (v/v). Cryogenic experiments, with the enzyme, have shown that glycerol binds at the catalytic site and competes with glucose analogues that bind at the catalytic site, thus preventing the formation of complexes. This necessitated a change in the conditions for cryoprotection in crystallographic binding experiments with glycogen phosphorylase. It was found that 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD), polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of various molecular weights, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) activated glycogen phosphorylase b to different extents, by stabilizing its most active conformation, while sucrose acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor and ethylene glycol as an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to glucose-1-P. A parallel experimental investigation by X-ray crystallography showed that, at 100 K, both MPD and DMSO do not bind at the catalytic site, do not induce any significant conformational change on the enzyme molecule, and hence, are more suitable cryoprotectants than glycerol for binding studies with glycogen phosphorylase. (+info)Rapid conditions for the cleavage of oligodeoxyribonucleotides from cis-diol-bearing universal polymer supports and their deprotection. (3/326)
Two sets of deprotection conditions have been evolved for the deprotection of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and their cleavage from commercially available cis -diol group-bearing universal polymer supports. In the first case, oligodeoxyribonucleotides anchored on the universal support were subjected to one of the standard deprotection conditions followed by treatment with aqueous 0.5 M sodium chloride + 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution for 30 min at room temperature. In the second case, oligonucleotides bound to the universal support were treated with methanolic sodium hydroxide solution under microwave radiation to obtain fully deprotected oligomers within 4 min. Under both conditions, the cleavage of oligonucleotides from the support and their deprotection occurred quantitatively without any side product formation. The cleaved oligonucleotides were found to be identical in all respects (retention time on HPLC and biological activity in PCR) to the corresponding standard oligo-nucleotides. (+info)Identification of four trans-3,4-dihydrodiol metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and their in vitro DNA-binding activities upon further metabolism. (4/326)
Trans-3,4-dihydrodiols of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-Me2BA), 7-methyl-12-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene (7-Me-12-OHMeBA), 7-hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene (7-OHMe-12-MeBA), and 7,12-di(hydroxymethyl)benz[a]anthracene [7,12-(OHMe)2BA] have been identified as metabolites of the potent carcinogenic and adrenocorticolytic agent 7,12-MeBA. The four trans-3,4-dihydrodiols were identified by their (i) ultraviolet-visible absorption and fluorescence properties, (ii) different retention times on both reversed-phase and normal-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, (iii) mass spectral analysis, and (iv) inability to form vicinal cis-acetonides. Upon further metabolism by liver microsomes, the trans-3,4-dihydrodiols of 7,12-Me2BA, 7-Me-12OHMeBA, and 7-OHMe-12-MeBA were found to give rise to products that bind more strongly to DNA in vitro than do the products of 7,12-Me2BA. The evidence suggests that one or more of the four trans-3,4-dihydrodiols may be the proximate carcinogenic and adrenocorticolytic metabolites. (+info)Crystallographic studies on a family B DNA polymerase from hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus kodakaraensis strain KOD1. (5/326)
A hyperthermostable family B DNA polymerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus kodakaraensis strain KOD1, has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method at 293 K with 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as the precipitant. The diffraction pattern of a crystal extends to 3.0 A resolution, and two full sets of 3.0 A resolution diffraction data for native crystals were successfully collected at 290 K and 100 K upon exposure to synchrotron radiation at KEK-PF, Japan. The crystals belong to the space group, P212121, with unit-cell dimensions of a = 112.8, b = 115.4, and c = 75.4 A at 290 K, and a = 111.9, b = 112.4, and c = 73.9 at 100 K. Structural analysis by means of the multiple isomorphous replacement method is now in progress. (+info)Butadiene diolepoxide- and diepoxybutane-derived DNA adducts at N7-guanine: a high occurrence of diolepoxide-derived adducts in mouse lung after 1,3-butadiene exposure. (6/326)
Butadiene (BD) is a high production volume chemical and is known to be tumorigenic in rodents. BD is metabolized to butadiene monoepoxide (BMO), diepoxybutane (DEB) and butadiene diolepoxide (BDE). These epoxides are genotoxic and alkylate DNA both in vitro and in vivo, mainly at the N7 position of guanine. In this study, a 32P-post-labeling/thin-layer chromatography (TLC)/high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for BDE and DEB adducts at the N7 of guanine was developed and was used in determining the enantiomeric composition of the adducts and the organ dose of BD exposure in lung. Exposure of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo), 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-phosphate (5'-dGMP) and 2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate (3'-dGMP) to racemic BDE followed by neutral thermal hydrolysis gave two products (products 1 and 2) that were identified by MS and UV and NMR spectroscopy as a diastereomeric pair of N7-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutan-1-yl)-guanines. Exposure of dGuo nucleotides to RR/SS DEB (also referred to as dl DEB) followed by thermal depurination resulted in a single product coeluting with the BDE product 1. If the reaction mixture of BDE and 5'-dGMP was analyzed by HPLC before hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, four major nucleotide alkylation products (A, B, C and D) with identical UV sepectra were detected. The products were isolated and hydrolyzed, after which A and C coeluted with product 1 and B and D coeluted with the product 2. The major adduct of DEB-exposed 5'-dGMP was N7-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1-yl)-dGMP (product E). A 32P-post-labeling assay was used to detect BDE- and DEB-derived N7-dGMP adducts in DNA. Levels of adducts increased with a dose of BDE and DEB and exhibited a half life of 30 +/- 3 (r = 0.98) and 31 +/- 4 h (r = 0.95), respectively. Incubation of DEB-modified DNA at 37 degrees C at neutral pH for up to 142 h did not lead to an increase of N7-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutan-1-yl)-dGMP in the DNA. These observations led to the conclusion that the N7-(2,3, 4-trihydroxybutan-1-yl)-dGMP adducts in DNA can be used as a marker of BDE exposure and that N7-(2-hydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1-yl)-dGMP adducts are related to DEB exposure. Dose-related levels of BDE- and DEB-derived adducts were detected in lungs of mice inhaling butadiene. Most of the N7-dGMP adducts (73%; product D) were derived from the 2R-diol-3S-epoxide of 1,3-butadiene. The data presented in this paper indicate that in vivo, 98% of N7-dGMP alkylation after BD exposure is derived from BDE, and approximately 2% of the adducts were derived from DEB and BMO. (+info)2'-Deoxycytidine glycols, a missing link in the free radical-mediated oxidation of DNA. (7/326)
2'-Deoxycytidine glycols (5,6-dihydroxy-5, 6-dihydro-2'-deoxycytidine) are major products of the hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of 2'-deoxycytidine resulting from either a Fenton reaction or exposure to ionizing radiation. Because of their instability, however, the glycols have not previously been characterized. Instead, the impetus has been placed on the primary decomposition products of 2'-deoxycytidine glycols, which includes 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuridine, and 2'-deoxyuridine glycols. Here, we have identified one of the four possible diastereomers of 2'-deoxycytidine glycols by product analyses of decomposition products, (1)H NMR, and mass spectrometry. This glycol was observed to decompose with a half-life of 50 min at 37 degrees C in buffered neutral solutions and preferentially undergo dehydration to 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxycytidine. The rate of decomposition was strongly dependent on pH (2-10) and the concentration of phosphate ion (10-300 mM). Next, we report on the deamination of cytosine glycols to uracil glycols in oxidized DNA using acid hydrolysis and high performance liquid chromatography analysis with electrochemical detection to monitor 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-hydroxyuracil. The results showed that the lifetime of cytosine glycols is greatly enhanced in DNA (34-fold; half-life, 28 h), and that deamination accounts for at least one-third of the total decomposition. The relatively long lifetime of cytosine glycols in DNA suggests that this important class of DNA oxidation products will be significantly involved in repair and mutagenesis processes. (+info)An in vivo approach showing the chemotactic activity of leukotriene B(4) in acute renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. (8/326)
Neutrophil migration protects the body against foreign invasion. Sequestration and activation of neutrophils, however, require stringent regulation because they may also cause tissue damage by the release of lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species. The activity of various chemoattractants [e.g., leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), interleukin-8, and complements] has been documented by in vitro assays, whereas in vivo data have been limited mostly to histology. To examine in an in vivo model the chemotactic activity and subsequent tissue infiltration and the role of a specific chemoattractant, LTB(4), we used a rat renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Fluorescence-labeled Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing the LTB(4) receptor (CHO-BLT) were able to accumulate along with neutrophils in the postischemic kidney, in contrast to vector control CHO cells. Furthermore, LTB(4) antagonists that protect against the decrease in renal function and diminish the tissue myeloperoxidase activity also led to the marked decrease in the number of CHO-BLT cells and neutrophils. Thus, LTB(4) alone appears sufficient to cause cells to migrate into postischemic tissues, and its dominant role in reperfusion injury has been demonstrated. The utilization of transfectants to pinpoint the role of LTB(4) in these in vivo experiments suggests their potential use with other ligands and/or in other pathological conditions. (+info)
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Ethylene glycol
The glycol and water are separated, and the glycol recycled. Instead of removing water, ethylene glycol can also be used to ... The purity of glycol used for hydrate suppression (monoethylene glycol) is typically around 80%, whereas the purity of glycol ... See the article on propylene glycol for more information. The relative sweetness of ethylene glycol[22] and propylene glycol[23 ... The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. The separation of these ...
Glycol nucleic acid
... (GNA) is a polymer similar to DNA or RNA but differing in the composition of its "backbone". GNA is not ... The glycol unit has just three carbon atoms and still shows Watson-Crick base pairing. The Watson-Crick base pairing is much ... Zhang L, Peritz A, Meggers E (March 2005). "A simple glycol nucleic acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127 (12): ... DNA and RNA have a deoxyribose and ribose sugar backbone, respectively, whereas GNA's backbone is composed of repeating glycol ...
Propylene glycol alginate
... (PGA) is an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener used in food products. It is a food additive with E ... Chemically, propylene glycol alginate is an ester of alginic acid, which is derived from kelp. Some of the carboxyl groups are ... a b Propylene glycol alginate, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ... What is the "propylene glycol alginate" found in salad dressings? at The Straight Dope ...
Blacklight
Manufacturers of ethylene glycol-containing antifreezes commonly add fluorescein, which causes the patient's urine to fluoresce ... A Wood's lamp may be used to rapidly assess whether an individual is suffering from ethylene glycol poisoning as a consequence ... a qualitative adjunctive test in suspected ethylene glycol ingestions". Ann Emerg Med. 19 (6): 663-7. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(05 ...
Cat health
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning[edit]. Cats can succumb quickly from ethylene glycol poisoning, after ingesting as ... Rowland, J. (1987). "Incidence of Ethylene Glycol Intoxication in Dogs and Cats Seen at Colorado State University Veterinary ... A cat suspected of having ingested ethylene glycol requires immediate veterinary treatment, to receive an antidote within three ... little as one teaspoon.[34] The primary source of ethylene glycol is automotive antifreeze or radiator coolant, where ...
Environmental impact of cleaning products
2-Butoxylethanol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)[edit]. 2-Butoxyethanol is a common glycol ether used as a solvent in ... Siegfried Rebsdat, Dieter Mayer "Ethylene Glycol" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000 ...
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid
Alicyclic glycols. Part V. 3-Hydroxymethylcyclohexanol". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 2108-2115. doi:10.1039/ ...
Dilatant
Silica and polyethylene glycolEdit. Silica nano-particles are dispersed in a solution of polyethylene glycol. The silica ...
Pentabamate
"Carbamic acid esters of glycols". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 43 Suppl: 40-4. 1970. PMC 2427611. PMID 20604369. ...
Diol
These compounds are called glycols. Examples include 1,2-ethanediol or ethylene glycol HOā(CH2)2āOH, a common ingredient of ... chemical compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups Ethylene glycol Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) March, Jerry (1985), Advanced ... In glycol cleavage, the CāC bond in a vicinal diol is cleaved with formation of ketone or aldehyde functional groups. See Diol ... Another example is propane-1,2-diol, or alpha propylene glycol, HOāCH2āCH(OH)āCH3, used in the food and medicine industry, as ...
1,6-Hexanediol
Lazier, W. A.; Hill, J. W.; Amend, W. J. (1939). "Hexamethylene glycol". Org. Synth. 19: 48. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.019.0048. BASF ...
Bouveault-Blanc reduction
R. H. Manske (1934). "Decamethylene Glycol". Organic Syntheses. 14: 20. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.014.0020. Whitmore, Frank C.; ...
Allergen of the Year
Jacob, Sharon E; Scheman, Andrew; McGowan, Maria A (2018). "Propylene Glycol". Dermatitis. 29 (1): 3-5. doi:10.1097/DER. ... Propylene Glycol 2017 - Alkyl Glucoside 2016 - Cobalt 2015 - Formaldehyde 2014 - Benzophenones 2013 - Methylisothiazolinone - ...
Oil production plant
Glycol contactors generally operate at 1100-1200 psi (75 to 83 bar). Water-rich glycol is regenerated by heating and stripping ... Gas is dried by counter-current contact with triethylene glycol in a glycol dehydration tower. Typically dried gas has a water ... Process cooling may be performed using air, seawater (known as direct cooling), or cooling medium comprising a 30% glycol (TEG ... "Glycol dehydration". Retrieved 11 February 2019. "Northern Leg Gas Pipeline specification" (PDF). Retrieved 10 February 2019. ...
Petroleum industry
Natural gas processing includes compression; glycol dehydration; amine treating; separating the product into pipeline-quality ...
Cathode-ray tube
Each CRT has its own glycol, which has access to an air bubble to allow the glycol to shrink and expand as it cools and warms. ... with glycol which may itself be dyed, or using colorless glycol inside a container which may be colored and form a lens known ... Colored lenses or glycol are used for improving color reproduction at the cost of brightness, and are only used on red and ... ". "Tinting Glycol". www.curtpalme.com. "Sony G90 C-Element Change". www.curtpalme.com. "Changing a C-Element (Marquee)". www. ...
Diglyme
It is an organic compound which is the dimethyl ether of diethylene glycol. (The name "diglyme" is a portmanteau of "diglycol ... "Ethylene Glycol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_101. S. Neander ...
Hydration reaction
Several million tons of ethylene glycol are produced annually by the hydration of oxirane, a cyclic compound also known as ... "Ethylene Glycol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_101. Marc ...
Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970
Ethylene glycol. Household substances in liquid form containing 10% or more by weight of ethylene glycol packaged on or after ...
Alcohol
Lobert S (2000). "Ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol poisoning". Critical Care Nurse. 20 (6): 41-7. doi: ... The metabolism of methanol (and ethylene glycol) is affected by the presence of ethanol, which has a higher affinity for liver ... Zimmerman HE, Burkhart KK, Donovan JW (1999). "Ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning: diagnosis and treatment". Journal of ... Hydration is also used industrially to produce the diol ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide. ...
Pears (soap)
Andrew Pears, the son of a farmer, was born about 1770 in Cornwall and moved from his native Mevagissey to London around 1787. He completed his apprenticeship in 1789, established a barber's shop in Gerrard Street in Soho and began to produce cosmetic products. At that time, Soho was a high-end residential area, and Pears' clientele included many wealthy socialites who took pride in their appearance. The fashion among the wealthy of the period was to have pristine white complexions; tanned faces were associated with those who laboured outdoors. Pears found that his powders and creams were frequently being used to cover up damage caused by the harshness of the soaps and other beauty products that were in general use at the time, many of which contained arsenic or lead. Pears began to experiment with soap purification and eventually managed to produce a gentle soap based on glycerine and other natural products. The clarity of the soap gave it a novel transparent appearance, which provided a ...
Relative permittivity
Ethylene glycol. 37 Furfural. 42.0 Glycerol. 41.2, 47, 42.5 (0, 20, 25 °C) ...
2-Butoxyethanol
Butyl glycol. Butyl monoether glycol. EGBE (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether). Dowanol EB. Bane-Clene. Eastman EB solvent. BH-33 ... a b c Siegfried Rebsdat, Dieter Mayer "Ethylene Glycol" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim ... glycol ethers are solvents that dissolve both water-soluble and hydrophobic substances. Glycol ethers consist of two components ... as it derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol. As a relatively nonvolatile, ...
Brake fluid
Any system that has used glycol-based fluid (DOT 3/4/5.1) will contain moisture; glycol fluid disperses the moisture throughout ... Most brake fluids used today are glycol-ether based, but mineral oil (Citroƫn/Rolls-Royce liquide hydraulique minƩral (LHM)) ... Glycol-ether (DOT 3, 4, and 5.1) brake fluids are hygroscopic (water absorbing), which means they absorb moisture from the ... Silicone based fluid is more compressible than glycol based fluid, leading to brakes with a spongy feeling.[12] It can ...
De-icing
Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are known to exert high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) during degradation in ... Ethylene glycol (C 2H 6O 2) Propylene glycol (C 3H 8O 2) Glycerol (C 3H 8O 3) There are several types of aircraft de-icing ... than propylene glycol (PG). However, PG is more common because it is less toxic than ethylene glycol. When applied, most of the ... including propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and other organic compounds. Chloride-based compounds (e.g. salt) are not used at ...
Maggie Aderin-Pocock
"Film-Forming Properties of Polyalkylene Glycols". Journal of Synthetic Lubrication. 10 (1): 23-45. doi:10.1002/jsl.3000100103. ...
1856 in science
Charles-Adolphe Wurtz discovers the glycols. May 20 - Dr David Livingstone arrives at Quelimane on the Indian Ocean having ...
Sport in WrzeÅnia
Medium - ethylene glycol. Installation can freeze sheet ice from the onset of the first frost. 40x25 meter rink dimensions. It ...
Related changes
Ethylene glycolā; 16:06 . . (-3,653)ā . . ā. 204.122.110.241. (talk)ā (I don't know) (Tags: Mobile edit, Mobile web edit) ... Ethylene glycolā; 16:10 . . (+130)ā . . ā. Plantsurfer. (talk , contribs)ā (Reverted 1 edit by 202.20.107.25 (talk): ... m Ethylene glycolā; 16:06 . . (+3,653)ā . . ā. CLCStudent. (talk , contribs)ā (Reverted 1 edit by 204.122.110.241 (talk) to ...
Ether
Polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) or Polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG). Polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF). Acid-catalyzed ring- ... The term glycol is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a ... Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE). Ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide. - ... Polypropylene glycol (PPG). Polypropylene oxide (PPOX) or polyoxypropylene (POP). Anionic ring-opening polymerization of ...
Ethylene glycol - Wikipedia
The glycol and water are separated, and the glycol recycled. Instead of removing water, ethylene glycol can also be used to ... The purity of glycol used for hydrate suppression (monoethylene glycol) is typically around 80%, whereas the purity of glycol ... See the article on propylene glycol for more information. The relative sweetness of ethylene glycol[22] and propylene glycol[23 ... The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tetraethylene glycol. The separation of these ...
Glycol nucleic acid - Wikipedia
Glycol nucleic acid (GNA) is a polymer similar to DNA or RNA but differing in the composition of its "backbone". GNA is not ... The glycol unit has just three carbon atoms and still shows Watson-Crick base pairing. The Watson-Crick base pairing is much ... Zhang L, Peritz A, Meggers E (March 2005). "A simple glycol nucleic acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 127 (12): ... DNA and RNA have a deoxyribose and ribose sugar backbone, respectively, whereas GNAs backbone is composed of repeating glycol ...
Ethylene Glycol | NIOSH | CDC
Ethylene glycol can cause death if swallowed. Workers may be harmed from exposure to ethylene glycol. The level of exposure ... Ethylene glycol (HOCHāCHāOH) is a colorless, syrupy liquid. It can harm the eyes, skin, kidneys, and respiratory system. ... Useful search terms for ethylene glycol include "1,2-dihydroxyethane," "1,2-ethanediol," "glycol," "glycol alcohol," and " ... Ethylene glycol can cause death if swallowed. Workers may be harmed from exposure to ethylene glycol. The level of exposure ...
diethylene glycol - Wiktionary
Ethylene Glycol | ToxFAQs⢠| ATSDR
Ethylene glycol has been found in at least 34, and propylene glycol in at least 5, of the 1,416 National Priorities List sites ... Exposure to large amounts of ethylene glycol can damage the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Propylene glycol is generally ... Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are clear liquids used in antifreeze and deicing solutions. ... Ethylene glycol in air will break down in about 10 days.. *Ethylene glycol in water and in soil will breakdown within several ...
Propylene Glycol | ToxFAQs⢠| ATSDR
Ethylene glycol has been found in at least 34, and propylene glycol in at least 5, of the 1,416 National Priorities List sites ... Exposure to large amounts of ethylene glycol can damage the kidneys, heart, and nervous system. Propylene glycol is generally ... Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are clear liquids used in antifreeze and deicing solutions. ... identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). >,meta name=keywords content=CAS#57-55-6 Propylene Glycol, ATSDR, ...
Ethylene Glycol: Systemic Agent | NIOSH | CDC
Ethylene glycol is a useful industrial compound found in many consumer products, including automotive antifreeze, hydraulic ... Houz? P, Chaussard J [1993]. Simultaneous determination of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol and 2,3- ... Food: Ethylene glycol can be used to contaminate food.. *Outdoor Air: Ethylene glycol can be released into outdoor air as a ... Untreated ethylene glycol poisoning can be fatal.. *EYE EXPOSURE: *Exposure to vapors of ethylene glycol may cause irritation. ...
ICSC 0943 - PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIACETATE
Feasibility Studies: Neopentyl Glycol Manufacturing
Techno-economic analyses of specific Neopentyl Glycol production processes, presenting capital investment breakdown, raw ... ECONOMICS OF NEOPENTYL GLYCOL PRODUCTION PROCESS (NEOPENTYL GLYCOL E11C) This study also provides the economics of Neopentyl ... Glycol Reports Coverage of Neopentyl Glycol Process Economics Reports Each report examines one specific Neopentyl Glycol ... NEOPENTYL GLYCOL E11A) This report presents the economics of Neopentyl Glycol production from isobutyraldehyde, formaldehyde ...
Polyethylene Glycol 3350: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Polyethylene Glycol 3350: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Take polyethylene glycol 3350 exactly as directed.. Polyethylene glycol 3350 may be habit-forming. Do not take a larger dose, ... Before taking polyethylene glycol 3350,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to polyethylene glycol or any ... Polyethylene glycol 3350 is used to treat occasional constipation. Polyethylene glycol 3350 is in a class of medications called ...
ICSC 0146 - DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIGLYCIDYL ETHER
polyethylene glycol products for sale | eBay
Get the best deals on polyethylene glycol when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Free shipping on many items ... Any Size Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) USP/Kosher - Food Grade/Concentrates. 3 out of 5 stars ... Polyethylene Glycol 400 (PEG 400) NF-FCC/EP-USP 4 Fl.Oz. Food Grade,Concentrates. $11.95 ... POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL PEG 400 - USP FOOD GRADE KOSHER 99.7% CERTIFIED $14.60 to $385.00 ...
Glycol ethers and acetates | Shell Global
Our Propylene Oxide Glycol Ethers and their Acetates are high purity, high performance industrial chemical solvents sold under ... Glycol ethers and acetates Propylene Oxide Glycol Ethers (POGEs) and their acetates are high purity, high performance ... Shell Chemicals is a leading supplier of Ethyl PROXITOL (EP/PE) - part of our range of high purity Propylene Oxide Glycol ... Shell Chemicals is a leading supplier of Methyl PROXITOL (PM) - part of our range of high purity Propylene Oxide Glycol Ethers ...
Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids
The true propylene glycol content (in g/100 g of esters) is equal to the apparent propylene glycol content (in g/100 g of ... Each ml of 0.1N iodine is equivalent to 3.805 mg of propylene glycol. g propylene glycol/100 g of esters = If the qualitative ... Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids are mixtures of propylene glycol mono- and diesters of saturated and unsaturated fatty ... When pure reference material of other components such as propylene glycol and di-fatty acid esters of propylene glycol are ...
Ethylene glycol poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting chemical. It is poisonous if swallowed. ... Ethylene glycol may be swallowed accidentally, or it may be taken deliberately in a suicide attempt or as a substitute for ... Diagnosis of ethylene glycol toxicity is usually made through a combination of blood, urine, and other tests. Tests you may ... Ethylene glycol toxicity should be suspected in anyone who is severely ill after drinking an unknown substance, especially if ...
propylene glycol - Everything2.com
Large amounts of it are needed for this effect, unlike its more toxic cousin, ethylene glycol. Propylene glycol is not ... The vapor pressure of the propylene glycol is such that it keeps the relative humidity inside the humidor near 70%, which is ... A 1:1 mixture of propylene glycol and water (preferably distilled) is commonly used as the activator solution in cigar ... Propylene glycol increases the amound of acid in the body, resulting in metabolic problems. ...
DOWANOL⢠PnB Glycol Ether
p>A fast-evaporating, hydrophobic glycol ether with high solvency and excellent coupling abilities. It is partly water soluble ... DOWANOL⢠PNB Glycol Ether: Regulatory Data Sheet. Choose DOWANOL⢠PnB Glycol Ether Please Contact Dow for distribution options ... DOWANOL⢠DPnB Glycol Ether A slow-evaporating, hydrophobic glycol ether with excellent surface tension-lowering ability and ... DOWANOL⢠PPh Glycol Ether A slow-evaporating, very hydrophobic glycol ether ideal in coalescing and carrier solvent ...
Propylene glycol
... R-(-)-1,2-propanediol 1,2-Propanediol glycol PubChem Notes: Propylene Glycol A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical ... MediLexicon propylene glycol - Medical Dictionary Definition for Term propylene glycol [1. a solvent for several water- ... Propylene glycol - definition from Biology-Online.org [(Science: chemical) A clear, colourless, viscous liquid used as a ...
Neopentyl glycol
Frank, H.P.; Krzemicki, K.; Voellenkle, H., Phase transition in neopentyl glycol, Chem. Ztg., 1973, 97, 4, 206. [all data] ... Other names: 1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-; Dimethylolpropane; Neopentanediol; Neopentylene glycol; 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3- ... 2-Dimethyltrimethylene glycol; NSC 55836 * Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for ... propanediol; Dimethyltrimethylene glycol; Hydroxypivalyl alcohol; NPG; Neol; 1,3-Dihydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropane; 2,2-Dimethyl-1, ...
PROPYLENE GLYCOL
Synonyms: 1,2-propanediol; 1,2-dihdroxypropane; methyl glycol; methylethylene glycol CAS No.: 57-55-6 Molecular Weight: 76.09 ... PROPYLENE GLYCOL. MSDS Number: P6928 --- Effective Date: 12/08/96. 1. Product Identification. ... Propylene Glycol (57-55-6) Yes Yes No Yes --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\---------------- -SARA ... Propylene Glycol (57-55-6) No No No No --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\---------------- -RCRA- - ...
Propylene Glycol
Other names: 1,2-Propanediol; «alpha»-Propylene glycol; Methylethyl glycol; Methylethylene glycol; Monopropylene glycol; PG 12 ... DL-Propylene glycol; propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol); 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol); propanediol; Methyl glycol ... Propylene glycol USP; 1,2-Propylenglykol; Solar winter ban; Sentry Propylene Glycol; Isopropylene glycol; Ucar 35; Solargard P ... Ilexan P; Prolugen; Trimethyl glycol; 1,2-Propandiol; Propylenglycol; (RS)-1,2-Propanediol; (.+/-.)-1,2-Propanediol; DL-1,2- ...
BUTYLENE GLYCOL || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG
HEXYLENE GLYCOL || Skin DeepĀ® Cosmetics Database | EWG
Triethylene glycol definition | Drugs.com
Medicines Containing POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350 NF (polyethylene glycol 3350 powder, for solution). *POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350, NF POWDER FOR SOLUTION ... Polyethylene Glycol 3350 is the active ingredient in these medicines. *BASIC CARE CLEARLAX (polyethylene glycol 3350 powder, ... TOPCARE CLEARLAX (polyethylene glycol 3350 powder, for solution). *UP AND UP POWDERLAX (polyethylene glycol 3350 powder, for ... CLEAR LAX (polyethylene glycol 3350 powder, for solution). *CLEAR LAX ORIGINAL PRESCRIPTION STRENGTH (polyethylene glycol 3350 ...
What is Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)?
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a biocompatible, synthetic, hydrophilic polyether compound that has many applications, mostly in ... Characteristics of polyethylene glycol. While varying the molecular weight of PEG can have slight effects on its ... Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a biocompatible, synthetic, hydrophilic polyether compound that has many applications, mostly in ... What is Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)?. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/What-is-Polyethylene-Glycol-(PEG ...
Polyethylene glycol - Wikipedia
... are used to prepare low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol. Ethylene Propylene glycol Monoethylene glycol Diethylene glycol ... Polyethylene glycol is produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water, ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol oligomers ... Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products. The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for ... Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid ...
Dipropylene glycol - Wikipedia
"Dipropylene Glycol LO+ (DPG LO+)". Dow Chemical. Archived from the original on 2009-06-19. Retrieved 2009-04-07. v t e. ... Dipropylene glycol is a mixture of three isomeric chemical compounds, 4-oxa-2,6-heptandiol, 2-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)-propan-1-ol, ... Dipropylene glycol finds many uses as a plasticizer, an intermediate in industrial chemical reactions, as a polymerization ... ISBN 0-8493-0594-2. "Dipropylene Glycol Regular Grade (DPG)". Dow Chemical. Archived from the original on 2009-03-15. Retrieved ...
DOWANOL⢠PnB Glycol Ether | Dow Inc.
p>A fast-evaporating, hydrophobic glycol ether with high solvency and excellent coupling abilities. It is partly water soluble ... DOWANOL⢠PNB Glycol Ether: Regulatory Data Sheet. CHOOSE , Back. No Regulatory Data Sheets are available online for this ... DOWANOL⢠PnB Glycol Ether No Technical Data Sheets are available online for this material. Please Contact Dow for additional ... DOWANOL⢠PnB Glycol Ether Please Contact Dow for distribution options available for this product. ...
Glycol antifreeze mixtures - BASF Wyandotte Corporation
A glycol-based antifreeze formulation containing as a defoaming agent, from 0.001% to about 1.0% by weight of a mixture ... Ethylene glycol 90.61. Diethylene glycol 4.99. Na2 B4 O7 . 5H2 O. 1.32. NaOH (50% solution) 0.74. Sodium Mercaptobenzothiazole ... Example 1d - Ethylene Glycol Glycoside Corn starch (1840 grams, 10 anhydroglucose units) was added to ethylene glycol (2480 ... As the glycol component, commercial ethylene glycol is quite satisfactory. The commercial mixture generally contains at least ...
ToxicityAntifreezeDiethyleneExposed to ethylene glycolETHERIngredientToxicLarge amounts of propylene glycol2016DIPROPYLENE GLYCOLAlcoholColorlessEthersIngestion of Ethylene GlycolTreatment of ethylene glycolSolventHappens to ethyleneExposureEthanolSolventsMono-ethyleSerumMoleculeMetabolic acidosisVaporTetraethylene glycolMonopropylene glycolMethanolElectrolytesKidneysAcute renal fChemicalsCompoundsMixtureProducts2018UrineSyntheticMetabolitesPHYSICALCompound
Toxicity21
- Systemic ethylene glycol toxicity can occur through ingestion. (cdc.gov)
- Breathing ethylene glycol vapors may cause eye and respiratory tract irritation but is unlikely to cause systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene glycol is poorly absorbed through the skin so systemic toxicity is unlikely. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene glycol toxicity should be suspected in anyone who is severely ill after drinking an unknown substance, especially if they at first appear drunk and you can't smell alcohol on their breath. (medlineplus.gov)
- Diagnosis of ethylene glycol toxicity is usually made through a combination of blood, urine, and other tests. (medlineplus.gov)
- 2.4 First-aid measures and management principles Considerable toxicity is unlikely after an acute exposure, with the exception of rare but dramatic arrhythmias including cardiac arrest after rapid i.v. injection of drugs containing large amounts of propylene glycol solvent. (inchem.org)
- Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products. (wikipedia.org)
- Because the negative oral toxicity data on shorter chain 1,2-glycols and genotoxicity data support the safety of the 1,2-glycols reviewed in this safety assessment, the Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment. (mendeley.com)
- Many veterinarians are familiar with ethylene glycol toxicity because of the frequent cases in dogs and cats that have licked up radiator fluid. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] Like the other toxic alcohols mentioned above, ethylene glycol is a parent compound that exerts most of its toxicity by conversion to metabolites. (medscape.com)
- Knowing the pathway of ethanol metabolism is necessary to understanding ethylene glycol toxicity properly. (medscape.com)
- After completing this section, you will be able to identify the most common route of exposure to ethylene glycol that results in toxicity in the general U.S. population. (cdc.gov)
- 1 The panel is building upon the results of the chronic study by conducting additional research into the mechanism of kidney toxicity and focusing on increasing the accuracy and reliability of factors used in regulatory risk assessments for ethylene glycol. (americanchemistry.com)
- These manuscripts focused on the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for ethylene glycol and its major metabolite, glycolic and oxalic acid, and incorporation of acute and developmental toxicity information into the PBPK model. (americanchemistry.com)
- Ethylene Glycols: 12-Months Dietary Toxicity Study in Wistar Han Rats. (americanchemistry.com)
- Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole, Antizol) is being increasingly used in the treatment of ethylene glycol toxicity in adults. (aappublications.org)
- Which medications are used in the treatment of ethylene glycol (EG) toxicity? (medscape.com)
- Epidemics of acute renal failure in children (diethylene glycol toxicity). (medscape.com)
- An integrated perspective on the developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol. (medscape.com)
- The LD50 for small mammals has been tested at between 2 and 25 g/kg, less toxic than its relative ethylene glycol, but still capable of causing toxicity in humans. (gsnmagazine.com)
- Unlike conventional ethylene glycol-based products, which are acutely toxic, AMSOIL Propylene Glycol Antifreeze & Coolant is biodegradable and its low toxicity limits the threat to children and animals. (amsoil.com)
Antifreeze19
- Ethylene glycol is a clear liquid used in antifreeze and de-icing solutions. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene glycol is used to make antifreeze and de-icing solutions for cars, airplanes, and boats. (cdc.gov)
- The general public can be exposed to ethylene glycol through skin contact when using antifreeze. (cdc.gov)
- People who work in industries that use ethylene glycol may be exposed by touching products such as solvents, antifreeze, and feedstocks that contain this substance. (cdc.gov)
- Your health is not likely to be seriously affected by the very small amounts of ethylene glycol that could be tasted or otherwise accidentally eaten (for example, by putting your fingers in your mouth after getting them wet with antifreeze). (cdc.gov)
- Minimize skin contact when using antifreeze and other consumer products containing ethylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
- Propylene glycol is a clear liquid used in antifreeze and deicing solutions. (cdc.gov)
- Most ethylene glycol poisonings occur due to the ingestion of antifreeze. (medlineplus.gov)
- In the general U.S. population, ethylene glycol exposure occurs most commonly through antifreeze ingestion. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene glycol is used to make chemical properties that are similar to ethylene antifreeze and de-icing solutions for cars, airplanes, glycol, but it does not cause the same human health and boats. (cdc.gov)
- Propylene glycol and propylene glycol are primarily glycol is used by the chemical, food, and responsible for the releases of both compounds into pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when the air, water, and soil. (cdc.gov)
- The CERHR selected ethylene glycol for evaluation because it is a high production volume chemical and there is the potential for widespread occupational and general population exposures due to its use in heating and cooling systems (e.g., automotive antifreeze). (americanchemistry.com)
- Ethylene glycol toxicosis is a type of poisoning that occurs after ingestion of antifreeze or other fluids containing the ingredient ethylene glycol. (petplace.com)
- Potential sources of ethylene glycol in the environment include antifreeze (the most common source of ethylene glycol poisoning), air-conditioning coolants, brake fluid, heat exchange fluids from solar collectors, and fluids used in color film processing. (petplace.com)
- Cats that roam outside unsupervised are more likely to encounter ethylene glycol in antifreeze which has been disposed of improperly. (petplace.com)
- Ethylene glycol is a common ingredient in the antifreeze used in motor vehicles. (reference.com)
- Urine fluorescence using a Wood's lamp to detect the antifreeze additive sodium fluorescein: a qualitative adjunctive test in suspected ethylene glycol ingestions. (medscape.com)
- AMSOIL Propylene Glycol Antifreeze & Coolant (ANT) is formulated to provide benefits beyond those provided by today's conventional antifreeze and coolant products. (amsoil.com)
- The minuscule presence of diethylene glycol, an ingredient that is found in antifreeze and certain levels of nitrosamines, were found in some cartridges. (news-medical.net)
Diethylene21
- Not to be confused with Propylene glycol , Diethylene glycol , or Glycol . (wikipedia.org)
- The major byproducts are the oligomers diethylene glycol , triethylene glycol , and tetraethylene glycol . (wikipedia.org)
- The PEG 106 and 194 are diethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol respectively from Aldrich. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Most brake fluids contain diethylene glycol (DEG). (poison.org)
- Brake fluids often contain the toxic alcohol diethylene glycol (DEG), which has a boiling point of about 470°F. Diethylene glycol (DEG) is sweet-tasting, odorless, and colorless. (poison.org)
- Similarly, in 1985 several Austrian wineries were found to be using diethylene glycol as a sweetener in their wines in an effort to cut costs. (poison.org)
- Fatal poisoning among young children from diethylene glycol-contaminated acetaminophen - Nigeria, 2008-2009. (poison.org)
- Hoyte CO, Leikin JB: Management of diethylene glycol ingestion. (poison.org)
- Delayed neurological sequelae from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and methanol poisonings. (poison.org)
- Diethylene glycol poisoning. (poison.org)
- Researchmoz added Most up-to-date research on "Global Diethylene Glycol Market Insights, Forecast to 2025" to its huge collection of research reports. (openpr.com)
- This report researches the worldwide Diethylene Glycol market size (value, capacity, production and consumption) in key regions like North America, Europe, Asia Pacific (China, Japan) and other regions. (openpr.com)
- Diethylene glycol (DEG) is employed as a comonomer during the synthesis of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET). (gsnmagazine.com)
- Diethylene glycol poisoning can also result in hepatic disease, pancreatitis, and neurologic abnormalities, which appear up to a few days after exposure [8,12]. (gsnmagazine.com)
- Diethylene glycol has been detected in drinking water, ground water, surface water, and indoor air resulting from its release to the environment from its production and use. (gsnmagazine.com)
- a diethylene glycol is a combination of to ethylene glycol molecules. (gsnmagazine.com)
- 3], "Diethylene glycol is derived as a co-product with ethylene glycol (MEG) and triethylene glycol. (gsnmagazine.com)
- Name of substance DIETHYLENE GLYCOL Identifiers CAS No 111-46-6 Molecular formula C4H10O3 Molar mass 106.1 g/mol SECTION 4: First-aid measures 4.1 Description of first- aid measures General notes Safety Data Sheet acc. (gsnmagazine.com)
- It derives from a diethylene glycol. (gsnmagazine.com)
- Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. (gsnmagazine.com)
- 120-55-8 - NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Diethylene glycol dibenzoate - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. (gsnmagazine.com)
Exposed to ethylene glycol1
- How might I be exposed to ethylene glycol? (cdc.gov)
ETHER5
- A fast-evaporating, hydrophobic glycol ether with high solvency and excellent coupling abilities. (dow.com)
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a synthetic polymer produced via polymerization of ethylene oxide molecules to make joining units of ethylene glycol by an ether linkage. (drugbank.ca)
- The resulting product is two ethylene glycol molecules joined by an ether bond. (gsnmagazine.com)
- The ICIS Glycol Ether reports are published in Asia, Europe and the US on a weekly basis. (icis.com)
- Already tight Q1 supply of US glycol ethers butyl glycol (BG), butyl di-glycol (BDG), propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) worsened following a mid-February winter storm that forced petrochemical outages in the southern US. (icis.com)
Ingredient5
- Polyethylene Glycol 3350 is the primary ingredient in 40 medicines and is used in combination with other active ingredients in another 10 medicines. (healthgrades.com)
- The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel noted that, while these ingredients are dermally absorbed, modeling data predicted decreased skin penetration of longer chain 1,2-glycols. (mendeley.com)
- Ethylene glycol is the major ingredient of almost all radiator fluid products in the United States. (medscape.com)
- The U.S. version contains higher levels of propylene glycol, an ingredient that European countries limit more stringently than the U.S. Food and Drug Administration -- which allows 50 grams of the ingredient per kilogram -- does. (ibtimes.com)
- Exported from MasterCook * Glycol Punch Recipe By : Serving Size : 0 Preparation Time :0:00 Categories : New Text Import Amount Measure Ingredient -- Preparation Method -------- ------------ -------------------------------- Text only Glycol Punchhas two primary ingredients: Diet Mountain Dew, which has an decidedly evil odd yellow glow to it. (recipesource.com)
Toxic9
- Ethylene glycol is moderately toxic. (wikipedia.org)
- Ethylene glycol is chemically broken down in the body into toxic compounds. (cdc.gov)
- Large amounts of it are needed for this effect, unlike its more toxic cousin , ethylene glycol . (everything2.com)
- This article discusses ethylene glycol, which is extremely toxic. (medscape.com)
- Initially, patients may be asymptomatic, but ethylene glycol is rapidly absorbed (within 1 to 4 hours), and altered mental status and tachypnea then begin to appear as the ethylene glycol is successively metabolized to very toxic compounds. (medscape.com)
- From 24 to 72 hours, acute kidney injury.can result from the direct renal toxic effects of the ethylene glycol metabolite calcium oxylate monohydrate. (medscape.com)
- Other names for ethylene glycol their toxic properties are very different. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene glycol itself is not toxic, but it is metabolized in the animal's body to several extremely toxic chemicals that are responsible for its potentially lethal effects. (petplace.com)
- usually Propylene glycol is far less toxic or is not toxic at all. (smore.com)
Large amounts of propylene glycol1
- However, large amounts of propylene glycol are needed to cause this effect. (cdc.gov)
20162
- Qyresearchreports include new market research report "Global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) Sales Market Report 2016" to its huge collection of research reports. (mynewsdesk.com)
- 2016. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/view/Washington-Manual-of-Medical-Therapeutics/602661/4/Ethylene_Glycol. (unboundmedicine.com)
DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL3
- Dipropylene glycol is a mixture of three isomeric chemical compounds, 4-oxa-2,6-heptandiol, 2-(2-hydroxy-propoxy)-propan-1-ol, and 2-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)-propan-1-ol. (wikipedia.org)
- Dipropylene glycol finds many uses as a plasticizer, an intermediate in industrial chemical reactions, as a polymerization initiator or monomer, and as a solvent. (wikipedia.org)
- Dipropylene Glycol (DPG)- DPG is commonly used in incense making or to cut fragrances to make them skin safe or suitable for potpourri or burners. (brambleberry.com)
Alcohol9
- Wurtz named his new compound "glycol" because it shared qualities with both ethyl alcohol (with one hydroxyl group) and glycerin (with three hydroxyl groups). (wikipedia.org)
- Ethylene glycol may be swallowed accidentally, or it may be taken deliberately in a suicide attempt or as a substitute for drinking alcohol (ethanol). (medlineplus.gov)
- The first symptom of ethylene glycol ingestion is similar to the feeling caused by drinking alcohol (ethanol). (medlineplus.gov)
- Butylene glycol (1.3-Butanediol) is a small organic alcohol used as solvent and conditioning agent. (ewg.org)
- Ethylene glycol is a type of alcohol found in automotive and household products. (ucsfhealth.org)
- People sometimes drink ethylene glycol by mistake or on purpose as a substitute for drinking alcohol. (ucsfhealth.org)
- Like ethyl alcohol and methanol, ethylene glycol is metabolized by ADH. (medscape.com)
- Common ethyl alcohol (ethanol) binds much more easily to ADH than ethylene glycol or methanol does. (medscape.com)
- Ethylene Glycol, Methanol, and Isopropyl Alcohol Intoxication. (medscape.com)
Colorless5
- Ethylene glycol (HOCH ā CH ā OH) is a colorless, syrupy liquid. (cdc.gov)
- Propylene glycol is a clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquids at room temperature. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting chemical. (medlineplus.gov)
- Propylene Glycol A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations. (scitoys.com)
- Propylene glycol (C 3 H 8 O 2 ) occurs as a clear, colorless, viscous, practically odorless liquid with a sweet taste, somewhat resembling glycerin. (uspharmacist.com)
Ethers13
- Propylene Oxide Glycol Ethers (POGEs) and their acetates are high purity, high performance industrial chemical solvents sold under our PROXITOL* brand name. (shell.com)
- Shell Chemicals is a leading supplier of Ethyl PROXITOL (EP/PE) - part of our range of high purity Propylene Oxide Glycol Ethers (POGEs). (shell.com)
- Ethyl PROXITOL Acetate (EPA) is part of the Shell Chemicals range of Propylene Oxide Glycol Ethers (POGEs) and their Esters. (shell.com)
- LyondellBasell offers a broad line of glycol ethers based on ethylene and propylene. (lyondellbasell.com)
- Asia and US markets focus on both the ethylene and propylene based glycol ethers within this report, while in Europe these are published separately as glycol ethers and propylene glycol ethers. (icis.com)
- Supply for glycol ethers had been sharply tightened in both CFR China and southeast Asia owing to ongoing plant issues and feedstock limitation. (icis.com)
- Glycol ethers supply tightened over Q1 while prices soared to record highs. (icis.com)
- Upstream, shortages of n-butanol (NBA) following force majeure declarations by BASF and Sasol added to constraints for glycol ethers. (icis.com)
- Following a fire at Ludwigshafen, Germany, BASF declared force majeure on glycol ethers, according to sources. (icis.com)
- Dow Chemical also declared force majeure on glycol ethers in Europe, according to sources. (icis.com)
- Q2 is typically peak demand season for glycol ethers. (icis.com)
- That led to some severe allocations of glycol ethers, but those strictures were beginning to ease as the quarter ended. (icis.com)
- We offer the following regional Glycol ethers analysis and news coverage to keep you informed of factors and developments affecting prices in the Glycol ethers marketplace . (icis.com)
Ingestion of Ethylene Glycol2
- If untreated, ingestion of ethylene glycol can be fatal. (medscape.com)
- These signs develop within 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion of ethylene glycol depending on the amount ingested. (petplace.com)
Treatment of ethylene glycol2
- Guideline] Barceloux DG, Krenzelok EP, Olson K, Watson W. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology Practice Guidelines on the Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. (medscape.com)
- Fomepizole for the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. (medscape.com)
Solvent4
- Rapid intravenous injection of preparations of drugs containing propylene glycol as a solvent (in significant amounts) may cause unconsciousness, arrhythmias and even cardiac arrest. (inchem.org)
- This may lead to misdiagnosis of the severe condition of ethylene glycol poisoning in a patient who has been given drugs containing, as a solvent, the relatively innocuous propylene glycol. (inchem.org)
- There is provided a process for producing propylene glycol monoacetate which comprises the steps of (I) hydroformylating vinyl acetate with a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in an organic solvent in the presence of a substantially water-insoluble rhodium complex and a tri-substituted. (google.com)
- Propylene glycol is actually a better solvent than glycerin. (uspharmacist.com)
Happens to ethylene1
- What happens to ethylene glycol when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
Exposure14
- Workers may be harmed from exposure to ethylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
- The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to ethylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
- Exposure to large amounts of ethylene glycol can damage the kidneys, nervous system, lungs, and heart. (cdc.gov)
- Exposure to ethylene glycol in air, drinking water, or soil is not expected. (cdc.gov)
- How can families reduce the risks of exposure to ethylene glycol? (cdc.gov)
- Frequent skin exposure to propylene glycol can sometimes irritate the skin. (cdc.gov)
- Propylene glycol is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with symptoms. (cdc.gov)
- From 30 minutes to 12 hours after exposure, unmetabolized ethylene glycol produces CNS depression, intoxication, and hyperosmolarity similar to that produced by ethanol. (medscape.com)
- What Are Routes of Exposure to Ethylene Glycol? (cdc.gov)
- A shorter ethylene glycol and exposure to propylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
- information about ethylene glycol and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from If you are exposed to a hazardous chemical such as exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
- and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to ethylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
- Panel advocacy efforts focus on collecting information on consumer product exposure and use information and on the impact of ethylene glycol on the most sensitive animal testing species. (americanchemistry.com)
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) convened an expert panel on February 11-13, 2003, in Alexandria, Virginia, to evaluate whether or not exposure to ethylene glycol is a reproductive and/or developmental hazard. (americanchemistry.com)
Ethanol3
- Because ethanol is the preferred substrate for ADH, the presence of ethanol may essentially block metabolism of ethylene glycol. (medscape.com)
- We present a case of ethylene glycol poisoning in a child where use of fomepizole averted intravenous ethanol infusion and hemodialysis, limited the duration of intensive care monitoring, and decreased the overall cost of treatment. (aappublications.org)
- Hydroxypropyl cellulose is soluble 1 in 2 parts water, 1 in 2.5 parts ethanol, and 1 in 5 parts propylene glycol, but it is practically insoluble in glycerin and oils. (uspharmacist.com)
Solvents2
- PEGs (polyethylene glycols) is a term used to refer to a broad set of petroleum-based compounds that are frequently used in personaly care products and cosmetics as thickeners, solvents, softeners, and moisture-carriers, often in baby products i . (ecostore.co.nz)
- Propylene glycol is stable and may be mixed with numerous other solvents. (uspharmacist.com)
Mono-ethyle2
- This ring is then hydrolyzed with a base catalyst in a second step to produce mono-ethylene glycol in 98% selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
- IndianOil Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) plant was commissioned at Panipat Naphtha Cracker Complex, Panipat, Haryana in April 2010, as a response to expansion in the downstream polyester sector and also in the light of liquid fuel (Naphtha) Surpluses in the Northern Sector. (iocl.com)
Serum4
- There is a direct relationship between the serum level of propylene glycol and the osmolar gap (mg/dl = 84.6 + 78 osmolar gap in mOsm/kg). (inchem.org)
- Ethylene glycol - serum and urine. (ucsfhealth.org)
- Hodgman M, Marraffa JM, Wojcik S, Grant W. Serum Calcium Concentration in Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. (medscape.com)
- A 2% v/v aqueous solution of propylene glycol will be iso-osmotic with serum. (uspharmacist.com)
Molecule6
- In both vaccines, the bubbles are coated with a stabilizing molecule of polyethylene glycol. (wikipedia.org)
- The compound can include an acid molecule attached to a glycerol or glycol molecule via an ester linkage. (freepatentsonline.com)
- A glycol molecule is made of two hydroxy (OH) groups and carbon atoms of varying sizes and structures. (reference.com)
- Polyethylene glycol, or PEG, is an interesting molecule with uses beyond woodworking. (woodweb.com)
- Ethylene glycol is an interesting molecule. (woodweb.com)
- PEG 200 - PEG 8000 (the number refers to the number of ethylene glycol molecules tied together to make one molecule) are made by Dow and are known as Carbowax (TM). (woodweb.com)
Metabolic acidosis3
- From 12 to 48 hours, ethylene glycol metabolites produce severe anion gap metabolic acidosis with compensatory hyperventilation. (medscape.com)
- Through interaction with aldehyde dehydrogenase, ethylene glycol is then metabolized to glycolic acid (GA), which accumulates and can cause a profound metabolic acidosis. (medscape.com)
- Glycolate accumulation is responsible for the anion gap metabolic acidosis in ethylene glycol poisoning. (unboundmedicine.com)
Vapor4
- It may exist in air in the vapor form, although propylene glycol must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. (cdc.gov)
- Indoor Air: Ethylene glycol can be released into indoor air as a liquid spray (aerosol), vapor, or mist. (cdc.gov)
- If ethylene glycol is released as a vapor, it is unlikely to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
- The vapor pressure of the propylene glycol is such that it keeps the relative humidity inside the humidor near 70%, which is generally recognized to be ideal for cigar storage and aging. (everything2.com)
Tetraethylene glycol1
- We prepare a novel chelating resin S,N-containing heterocycle, macroporous cross-linked polystyrene immobilizing 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiodiazole via a hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol spacer (PS-TEG-BMT). (thefreedictionary.com)
Monopropylene glycol8
- Global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) Market Research Report : Industry. (mynewsdesk.com)
- The report on the global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market is intended to help stakeholders a better perspective of the prevailing trends and vulnerabilities of the market. (mynewsdesk.com)
- It comprises exhaustive information to provide a 360 degree overview of the global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market. (mynewsdesk.com)
- Besides the financial records of the prominent companies operating in the market, data is sourced from the Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market's historical statistics, insights from industry veterans, and other trusted industries sources. (mynewsdesk.com)
- The analysis also helped the report calculate the degree of competition prevailing in the global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market. (mynewsdesk.com)
- Apart from segmentation based on various parameters, the global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market is also classified regionally. (mynewsdesk.com)
- To ensure that the report provides an executive-level blueprint of the global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market, the profiles of the leading companies operating therein are included. (mynewsdesk.com)
- The analysis, also enabled the study present details pertaining to the threats and opportunities that the global Monopropylene Glycol (PG) market is projected to witness during the aforementioned forecast period. (mynewsdesk.com)
Methanol1
- The oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl oxalate provides a promising approach to the production of C 1 -based ethylene glycol. (wikipedia.org)
Electrolytes2
- Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
- Polyethylene Glycol 3350 With Electrolytes - What is difference between go lytely&movieprep? (drugs.com)
Kidneys2
- When ethylene glycol breaks down in the body it forms chemicals that crystallize, and the crystals can collect in your kidneys and can affect kidney function. (cdc.gov)
- Stiripentol protected the kidneys against calcium oxalate crystal deposits in acute ethylene glycol intoxication and chronic calcium oxalate nephropathy models. (jci.org)
Acute renal f2
- Oxalate accumulation is responsible for the development of acute renal failure in ethylene glycol poisoning. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Ethylene glycol poisoning also results in hyperoxaluria, promoting acute renal failure and frequently death. (jci.org)
Chemicals2
- Ethylene glycol also forms acidic chemicals in the body, which can change the body's acid/base balance and affect your nervous system, lungs, and heart. (cdc.gov)
- However, we do contact), the other chemicals to which you are not know how many of the 1,416 NPL sites have exposed, and your individual characteristics such as been evaluated for ethylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
Compounds4
- Glycol and diol compounds are used to solubilize active ingredients for use in many consumer products, including cosmetics, ballpoint pen inks, wood stains, and lacquers. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A polar (polyethylene glycol/Carbowax Ā® 20M) phase is the traditional choice for the separation of polar compounds, however, glycol and diol peaks will exhibit tailing on unmodified phases of this type due to the strong interaction between -OH functional groups. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Poly(dimethylsiloxane) is a non-polar GC phase, and will not interact as strongly with polar compounds as a polar polyethylene glycol phase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Like ethylene glycol, propylene glycol is also used to make polyester compounds, Waste streams from the manufacture of ethylene and as a base for de-icing solutions. (cdc.gov)
Mixture5
- A 1:1 mixture of propylene glycol and water (preferably distilled ) is commonly used as the 'activator solution' in cigar humidors. (everything2.com)
- 1. An additive mixture comprising at least one thiobis phenolic antioxidant and at least one polyalkylene glycol (PAG) of a weight average molecular weight of at least 1,000. (google.ca)
- 4. The mixture of Claim 3 prepared as a dry blend and in which the PAG is polyethylene glycol. (google.ca)
- A mixture of ethylene glycol and water has a lower freezing point than water alone, protecting the engine from damage caused by the expansion of freezing water. (reference.com)
- The test strips are the only way a mixture of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol can be checked for freeze protection. (amsoil.com)
Products10
- Ethylene glycol can also enter the environment through the disposal of products that contain it. (cdc.gov)
- Workers can also be exposed to low levels from ethylene glycol-containing products such as airplane de-icing solutions that have been sprayed into the air. (cdc.gov)
- You can be exposed to propylene glycol by eating food products, using cosmetics, or taking medicine that contains it. (cdc.gov)
- If you work in an industry that uses propylene glycol or products containing propylene glycol, you could be exposed by breathing or touching these substances. (cdc.gov)
- Agricultural: If ethylene glycol is released as a liquid spray (aerosol) or mist, it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
- The products are produced either by direct esterification of propylene glycol with fatty acids or by transesterification of propylene glycol with oils or fats. (fao.org)
- Propylene glycol has been approved by the FDA as an additive that is "generally recognized as safe " for use in food , used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicine s, cosmetics , or food products. (everything2.com)
- Caprylyl glycol and related 1,2-glycols are used mostly as skin and hair conditioning agents and viscosity agents in cosmetic products, and caprylyl glycol and pentylene glycol also function as cosmetic preservatives. (mendeley.com)
- Propylene glycol can be used in many of fluids and in inks used in stamp pads, ballpoint the same products that contain ethylene glycol. (cdc.gov)
- The nameplate capacity of the MEG plant is 303000 TPA with Di Ethylene Glycol (DEG) and Tri Ethylene Glycol (TEG) as by products. (iocl.com)
20182
- On June 7, 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (Mircera, Vifor Pharma Inc.) for the treatment of pediatric patients 5 to 17 years of age on hemodialysis who are converting from another ESA after. (medworm.com)
- Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Polyalkylene Glycols, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Polyalkylene Glycols in 2018 and 2019. (webnewswire.com)
Urine1
- Ethylene glycol poisoning symptoms in the nervous system and severe kidney failure with almost complete cessation of urine output. (petplace.com)
Synthetic3
- Ethylene glycol is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. (cdc.gov)
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a biocompatible, synthetic, hydrophilic polyether compound that has many applications, mostly in the medical industry, but also in the chemical and industrial sectors. (news-medical.net)
- Focalseal is a polyethylene glycol based synthetic hydrogel. (ingentaconnect.com)
Metabolites1
- Recently, the panel completed a 12-month dietary study in Wistar rats including studies to examine the effect of ethylene glycol and its major metabolites. (americanchemistry.com)
PHYSICAL1
- Propylene glycol is a chemical that has physical and absorbs water. (cdc.gov)
Compound3
- 1. Know the capital investment required Examine the operating costs & raw materials consumption Neopentyl Glycol is an organic compound used in the synthesis of polyesters (enhances the stability of the product towards heat, light, and water), paints, lubricants, and plasticizers. (slideshare.net)
- Ethylene glycol itself may cause some alteration of mental status but it is a relatively nontoxic compound before it is metabolized. (medscape.com)
- A composition comprising a glyceryl salicylate compound and/or a glycol salicylate compound. (freepatentsonline.com)