Glycine. Medical search

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Cell surface receptors that bind GLYCINE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glycine receptors in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM have an intrinsic chloride channel and are usually inhibitory.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on glycinergic systems. Glycinergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

A family of sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters that transport the amino acid GLYCINE. They differ from GLYCINE RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GLYCINE. They are located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of NEURONS; GLIAL CELLS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and RED BLOOD CELLS where they remove inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE.

A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE dependent enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of GLYCINE with the transfer of an aminomethyl group to the LIPOIC ACID moiety of the GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE COMPLEX H-PROTEIN. Defects in P-protein are the cause of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia. It is one of four subunits of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.

An enzyme that catalyzes the METHYLATION of GLYCINE using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE to form SARCOSINE with the concomitant production of S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE.

A LIPOIC ACID-containing protein that plays the pivotal role in the transfer of methylamine groups and reducing equivalents between the three enzymatic components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)

A enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative DECARBOXYLATION and DEAMINATION of GLYCINE into CARBON DIOXIDE; AMMONIA; NADH; and N5N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. It is composed of four different component protein components referred to as H, P, L, and T.

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of glycine and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate to form serine. It also catalyzes the reaction of glycine with acetaldehyde to form L-threonine. EC 2.1.2.1.

An amino acid intermediate in the metabolism of choline.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL).

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.

A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

Cell surface receptors that bind signalling molecules released by neurons and convert these signals into intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act to regulate ion channels, but also those which act on second messenger systems and those which may act at a distance from their release sites. Included are receptors for neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, and neurohumors, whether or not located at synapses.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidative DEAMINATION of GLYCINE to glyoxylate and AMMONIA in the presence of NAD. In BACTERIA lacking transaminating pathways the enzyme can act in the reverse direction to synthesize glycine from glyoxylate and ammonia and NADH.

Enzymes of a subclass of TRANSFERASES that catalyze the transfer of an amidino group from donor to acceptor. EC 2.1.4.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Salts and esters of hippuric acid.

Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.

A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.

A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the amino group of GLYCINE onto 2-oxoglutarate to generate GLYOXYLATE and L-GLUTAMATE.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.

Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.

Cell-surface proteins that bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID with high affinity and trigger changes that influence the behavior of cells. GABA-A receptors control chloride channels formed by the receptor complex itself. They are blocked by bicuculline and usually have modulatory sites sensitive to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA-B receptors act through G-proteins on several effector systems, are insensitive to bicuculline, and have a high affinity for L-baclofen.

An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of betain aldehyde to BETAINE.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hydroxymethyl or formyl groups. EC 2.1.2.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An enzyme bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the oxidation of CHOLINE to BETAINE.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/5843)

Entamoeba histolytica is a microaerophilic protozoan parasite in which neither mitochondria nor mitochondrion-derived organelles have been previously observed. Recently, a segment of an E. histolytica gene was identified that encoded a protein similar to the mitochondrial 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60 or chaperonin 60), which refolds nuclear-encoded proteins after passage through organellar membranes. The possible function and localization of the amebic Hsp60 were explored here. Like Hsp60 of mitochondria, amebic Hsp60 RNA and protein were both strongly induced by incubating parasites at 42 degreesC. 5' and 3' rapid amplifications of cDNA ends were used to obtain the entire E. histolytica hsp60 coding region, which predicted a 536-amino-acid Hsp60. The E. histolytica hsp60 gene protected from heat shock Escherichia coli groEL mutants, demonstrating the chaperonin function of the amebic Hsp60. The E. histolytica Hsp60, which lacked characteristic carboxy-terminal Gly-Met repeats, had a 21-amino-acid amino-terminal, organelle-targeting presequence that was cleaved in vivo. This presequence was necessary to target Hsp60 to one (and occasionally two or three) short, cylindrical organelle(s). In contrast, amebic alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and ferredoxin, which are bacteria-like enzymes, were diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol. We suggest that the Hsp60-associated, mitochondrion-derived organelle identified here be named "crypton," as its structure was previously hidden and its function is still cryptic. (+info)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/5843)

Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with glycine, alanine, valine, serine, and with several other model compounds. Isotopically enriched amino acids were employed so that low concentrations could be utilized while still allowing relatively rapid acquisition of spectral data. The results for alanine and serine are particularly noteworthy in that alanine is deaminated to pyruvate and pyruvate is aminated to alanine, but contrary to the enzymatic reactions of various serine dehydratases wherein serine is converted to pyruvate, the nonenzymatic reaction utilizing serine results in hydroxypruvate rather than pyruvate formation. In the reverse reaction, hydroxypyruvate is aminated to serine but very inefficiently relative to the amination of pyruvate to alanine. The experimental results have been formulated into a proposed reaction mechanism for deamination of amino acids by pyridoxal-P. (+info)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (3/5843)

The characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene recently allowed the identification of a mammalian (gamma)-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, presumed to be located in the synaptic vesicle membrane. In situ hybridization data in rat brain suggested that it might also take up glycine and thus represent a general Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter (VIAAT). In the present study, we have investigated the localization of VIAAT in neurons by using a polyclonal antibody raised against the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of the protein. Light microscopy and immunocytochemistry in primary cultures or tissue sections of the rat spinal cord revealed that VIAAT was localized in a subset (63-65%) of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminal boutons; among the VIAAT-positive terminals around motoneuronal somata, 32.9% of them were also immunoreactive for GAD65, a marker of GABAergic presynaptic endings. Labelling was also found apposed to clusters positive for the glycine receptor or for its associated protein gephyrin. At the ultrastructural level, VIAAT immunoreactivity was restricted to presynaptic boutons exhibiting classical inhibitory features and, within the boutons, concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters. Pre-embedding detection of VIAAT followed by post-embedding detection of GABA or glycine on serial sections of the spinal cord or cerebellar cortex indicated that VIAAT was present in glycine-, GABA- or GABA- and glycine-containing boutons. Taken together, these data further support the view of a common vesicular transporter for these two inhibitory transmitters, which would be responsible for their costorage in the same synaptic vesicle and subsequent corelease at mixed GABA-and-glycine synapses. (+info)

Multiplex sequence analysis demonstrates the competitive growth advantage of the A-to-G mutants of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. (4/5843)

Clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori is due to point mutation within the 23S rRNA. We examined the growth rates of different types of site-directed mutants and demonstrated quantitatively the competitive growth advantage of A-to-G mutants over other types of mutants by a multiplex sequencing assay. The results provide a rational explanation of why A-to-G mutants are predominantly observed among clarithromycin-resistant clinical isolates. (+info)

The role of proline and glycine in determining the backbone flexibility of a channel-forming peptide. (5/5843)

Alamethicin is a helical 20-amino acid voltage-gated channel-forming peptide, which is known to exhibit segmental flexibility in solution along its backbone near alpha-methylalanine (MeA)-10 and Gly-11. In an alpha-helical configuration, MeA at position 10 would normally hydrogen-bond with position 14, but the presence of proline at this position prevents the formation of this interhelical hydrogen bond. To determine whether the presence of proline at position 14 contributes to the flexibility of this helix, two analogs of alamethicin were synthesized, one with proline 14 replaced by alanine and another with both proline 14 and glycine 11 replaced by alanine. The C-termini of these peptides were derivatized with a proxyl nitroxide, and paramagnetic enhancements produced by the nitroxide on the Calpha protons were used to estimate r-6 weighted distances between the nitroxide and the backbone protons. When compared to native alamethicin, the analog lacking proline 14 exhibited similar C-terminal to Calpha proton distances, indicating that substitution of proline alone does not alter the flexibility of this helix; however, the subsequent removal of glycine 11 resulted in a significant increase in the averaged distances between the C- and N-termini. Thus, the G-X-X-P motif found in alamethicin appears to be largely responsible for mediating high-amplitude bending motions that have been observed in the central helical domain of alamethicin in methanol. To determine whether these substitutions alter the channel behavior of alamethicin, the macroscopic and single-channel currents produced by these analogs were compared. Although the substitution of the G-X-X-P motif produces channels with altered characteristics, this motif is not essential to achieve voltage-dependent gating or alamethicin-like behavior. (+info)

NMDA receptor characterization and subunit expression in rat cultured mesencephalic neurones. (6/5843)

1. NMDA-induced changes in free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were determined in individual cultured rat mesencephalic neurones by the fura-2 method. mRNA expression encoding NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A-D) was examined by RT-PCR. 2. NMDA (1-100 microM, plus 10 microM glycine) induced a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i (EC50 = 5.7 microM). The effect of NMDA was virtually insensitive to tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM) and nitrendipine (1 microM), but dependent on extracellular Ca2+. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (10 microM), a specific antagonist at the glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor, abolished the NMDA response. 3. Memantine, an open-channel blocker, and ifenprodil, a preferential non-competitive NR1/NR2B receptor antagonist diminished the NMDA effect with an IC50 value of 0.17 and 1 microM, respectively. Ethanol at 50 and 100 mM caused about 25 and 45%-inhibition, respectively. 4. Agarose gel analysis of the PCR products followed by ethidium bromide fluorescence or CSPD chemiluminescence detection revealed an almost exclusive expression of the NR1 splice variants lacking exon (E) 5 and E22. The 3' splice form without both E21 and E22 exceeded that containing E21 by approximately 4 fold. The relative amounts of NR2A, NR2B, NR2C corresponded to approximately 1:2:1. NR2D mRNA was also detectable. 5. In conclusion, mesencephalic neurones bear ethanol-sensitive NMDA receptors which might be involved in the development of ethanol dependence and withdrawal. The high affinity of NMDA to this receptor, its sensitivity to ifenprodil and memantine may suggest that the mesencephalic NMDA receptor comprises the NR1 splice variant lacking E5, NR2B, and NR2C, respectively. (+info)

Antagonist activity of alpha-substituted 4-carboxyphenylglycine analogues at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in CHO cells. (7/5843)

1. We have investigated the antagonist properties of 6 alpha-substituted phenylglycine analogues based on the structure of 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4-CPG) for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a) permanently expressed in CHO cells. 2. (S)-4-CPG and (S)-MCPG were the most selective mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists. Longer chain alpha-carbon substitutions resulted in a progressive loss of antagonist affinity at mGlu1alpha receptors but not at mGlu5a receptors. Thus mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists require small aliphatic groups at the alpha-position. Alpha-cyclopropyl-4-CPG showed a tendency towards mGlu5a selectivity, suggesting that bulky groups at this position may favour mGlu5a receptor antagonism. 3. We demonstrate that the mGlu5a receptor displays agonist-dependent antagonism. L-glutamate-induced Ca2+ release in mGlu5a receptor expressing cells was more susceptible to antagonism by cyclic alpha-carbon derivatives than (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced Ca2+ release in the same cell line. 4. The data presented suggests that mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a receptors have different steric and/or conformational requirements for the binding of antagonists and different amino acids which could interact with agonists. 5. These phenylglycine analogues could provide leads for the development of subtype selective antagonists. (+info)

Mechanisms involved in the metabotropic glutamate receptor-enhancement of NMDA-mediated motoneurone responses in frog spinal cord. (8/5843)

1. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) (10-100 microM) depolarized isolated frog spinal cord motoneurones, a process sensitive to kynurenate (1.0 mM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.783 microM). 2. In the presence of NMDA open channel blockers [Mg2+; (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK801); 3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (memantine)] and TTX, trans-ACPD significantly potentiated NMDA-induced motoneurone depolarizations, but not alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate (AMPA)- or kainate-induced depolarizations. 3. NMDA potentiation was blocked by (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) (240 microM), but not by alpha-methyl-(2S,3S,4S)-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (MCCG) (290 microM) or by alpha-methyl-(S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-MAP4) (250 microM), and was mimicked by 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (30 microM), but not by L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) (100 microM). Therefore, trans-ACPD's facilitatory effects appear to involve group I mGluRs. 4. Potentiation was prevented by the G-protein decoupling agent pertussis toxin (3-6 ng ml(-1), 36 h preincubation). The protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (2.0 microM) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide HCI (H9) (77 microM) did not significantly reduce enhanced NMDA responses. Protein kinase C activation with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (5.0 microM) had no effect. 5. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion with thapsigargin (0.1 microM) (which inhibits Ca2+/ATPase), 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid acetyl methyl ester (BAPTA-AM) (50 microM) (which buffers elevations of [Ca2+]i), and bathing spinal cords in nominally Ca2+-free medium all reduced trans-ACPD's effects. 6. The calmodulin antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W7) (100 microM) and chlorpromazine (100 microM) diminished the potentiation. 7. In summary, group I mGluRs selectively facilitate NMDA-depolarization of frog motoneurones via a G-protein, a rise in [Ca2+]i from the presumed generation of phosphoinositides, binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin, and lessening of the Mg2+-produced channel block of the NMDA receptor. (+info)

... From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Template talk:Glycinergics) ... This is the talk page for discussing improvements to the Glycine receptor modulators template.. ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Glycine_receptor_modulators&oldid=775625987" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Glycinergics

Glycine[edit]. Glycine is biosynthesized from serine, catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). The enzyme ... 3-Phosphoglycerates: serine, glycine, cysteine[edit]. Serine[edit]. Serine is the first amino acid in this family to be ... In addition, the amino acids arginine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, histidine, proline, serine, and tyrosine are considered ... PurR binds directly to the control region of glyA and effectively turns the gene off so that glycine will not be produced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_synthesis

For glycine betaine, see trimethylglycine.. A betaine (/ˈbiːtə.iːn, bɪˈteɪ-, -ɪn/) in chemistry is any neutral chemical ... In the 21st century, this substance is called glycine betaine to distinguish it from other betaines that are widely distributed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaine

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A38 gene. SLC25A38 is involved in ... glycine transmembrane transporter activity. • transmembrane transporter activity. Cellular component. • membrane. • ... mitochondrial handling of glycine and is needed for the first step in heme synthesis. Mutations in this gene can lead to an ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitochondrial_glycine_transporter&oldid=893398075" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC25A38

Anslow, W. K.; King, H.; Orten, J. M.; Hill, R. M. (1925). "Glycine". Org. Synth. 4: 31; Coll. Vol. 1: 298. Durham, L. J.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_hydroxide

Juvenile chickens of less than 28 days of age at slaughter in the United Kingdom are marketed as poussin. Mature chicken is sold as small, medium or large. Whole mature chickens are marketed in the United States as fryers, broilers, and roasters. Fryers are the smallest size (2.5-4 lbs dressed for sale), and the most common, as chicken reach this size quickly (about 7 weeks). Most dismembered packaged chicken would be sold whole as fryers. Broilers are larger than fryers. They are typically sold whole. Roasters, or roasting hens, are the largest chickens commonly sold (3-5 months and 6-8 lbs) and are typically more expensive. Even larger and older chickens are called stewing chickens but these are no longer usually found commercially. The names reflect the most appropriate cooking method for the surface area to volume ratio. As the size increases, the volume (which determines how much heat must enter the bird for it to be cooked) increases faster than the surface area (which determines how fast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_(food)

... wood is very hard, stiff, dense and shock resistant. There are woods that are stronger than hickory and woods that are harder, but the combination of strength, toughness, hardness, and stiffness found in hickory wood is not found in any other commercial wood.[5] It is used for tool handles, bows, wheel spokes, carts, drumsticks, lacrosse stick handles, golf club shafts (sometimes still called hickory stick, even though made of steel or graphite), the bottom of skis, walking sticks, and for punitive use as a switch (like hazel), and especially as a cane-like hickory stick in schools and use by parents. Paddles are often made from hickory. This property of hickory wood has left a trace in some Native American languages: in Ojibwe, hickory is called mitigwaabaak, a compound of mitigwaab "bow" and the final -aakw "hardwood tree".[6] Baseball bats were formerly made of hickory, but are now more commonly made of ash. Hickory is replacing ash as the wood of choice for Scottish shinty sticks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carya_(genus)

The almond is highly revered in some cultures. The tree originated in the Middle East,[70] and is mentioned numerous times in the Bible. In the Hebrew Bible, the almond was a symbol of watchfulness and promise due to its early flowering. In the Bible the almond is mentioned ten times, beginning with Book of Genesis 43:11, where it is described as "among the best of fruits". In Numbers 17 Levi is chosen from the other tribes of Israel by Aaron's rod, which brought forth almond flowers. According to tradition, the rod of Aaron bore sweet almonds on one side and bitter on the other; if the Israelites followed the Lord, the sweet almonds would be ripe and edible, but if they were to forsake the path of the Lord, the bitter almonds would predominate. The almond blossom supplied a model for the menorah which stood in the Holy Temple, "Three cups, shaped like almond blossoms, were on one branch, with a knob and a flower; and three cups, shaped like almond blossoms, were on the other...on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond

Although they are grown as ornamental trees in many areas of the Old World tropics of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, only the Philippines produces and processes pili nuts commercially. Production centers are located in the Bicol region, provinces of Sorsogon, Albay, and Camarines Sur, southern Tagalog, and eastern Visayas. There is no commercial planting of this crop; fruits are collected from natural stands in the mountains near these provinces. In 1977, the Philippines exported approximately 3.8 t of pili preparation to Guam and Australia. The most important product from pili is the kernel. When raw, its flavor resembles that of roasted pumpkin seed, and when roasted, its nutty flavor and waxy texture is similar to the pine nut. Research from the Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines at Los Banos describe pili nuts of high quality as large, round kernel, and a thin pulp and shell. The contents should have a white pulp, high in protein and oils with mild nutty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pili_nut

George Washington pushed for the growth of hemp as it was a cash crop commonly used to make rope and fabric. In May 1765 he noted in his diary about the sowing of seeds each day until mid-April. Then he recounts the harvest in October which he grew 27 bushels that year. It is sometimes supposed that an excerpt from Washington's diary, which reads "Began to seperate [sic] the Male from the Female hemp at Do.&-rather too late" is evidence that he was trying to grow female plants for the THC found in the flowers. However, the editorial remark accompanying the diary states that "This may arise from their [the male] being coarser, and the stalks larger"[132] In subsequent days, he describes soaking the hemp [133] (to make the fibers usable) and harvesting the seeds,[134] suggesting that he was growing hemp for industrial purposes, not recreational. George Washington also imported the Indian hemp plant from Asia, which was used for fiber and, by some growers, for intoxicating resin production. In a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp

Glycine*. 2.634 g. 5.892 g 3.867 g. 5.013 g. 4.690 g. 4.291 g. 4.269 g. 5.392 g. 6.2 g. 1.842 g. N/A. 3.789 g ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_quality

The almond is native to the Mediterranean climate region of the Middle East, eastward as far as the Yamuna River in India.[9] It was spread by humans in ancient times along the shores of the Mediterranean into northern Africa and southern Europe, and more recently transported to other parts of the world, notably California, United States.[9]. The wild form of domesticated almond grows in parts of the Levant. The fruit of the wild forms contains the glycoside amygdalin, "which becomes transformed into deadly prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) after crushing, chewing, or any other injury to the seed."[10]. Selection of the sweet type from the many bitter types in the wild marked the beginning of almond domestication.[11] It is unclear as to which wild ancestor of the almond created the domesticated species. Ladizinsky suggests the taxon Amygdalus fenzliana (Fritsch) Lipsky is the most likely wild ancestor of the almond in part because it is native of Armenia and western Azerbaijan where it was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_dulcis

Commercial factory farming operations often involve raising the hens in small, crowded cages, preventing the chickens from engaging in natural behaviors, such as wing-flapping, dust-bathing, scratching, pecking, perching, and nest-building. Such restrictions may lead to pacing and escape behavior.[101] Many hens confined to battery cages, and some raised in cage-free conditions, are debeaked to prevent them from harming each other and engaging in cannibalism. According to critics of the practice, this can cause hens severe pain to the point where some may refuse to eat and starve to death. Some hens may be forced to molt to increase egg quality and production level after the molting.[102] Molting can be induced by extended food withdrawal, water withdrawal, or controlled lighting programs. Laying hens often are slaughtered when reaching 100 to 130 weeks of age, when their egg productivity starts to decline.[103] Due to modern selective breeding, laying hen strains differ from meat production ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggs

Spirulina is a form of cyanobacterium, some of which are known to produce toxins such as microcystins, BMAA, and others. Some spirulina supplements have been found to be contaminated with microcystins, albeit at levels below the limit set by the Oregon Health Department.[24] Microcystins can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, and in the long term, liver damage.[1] The effects of chronic exposure to even very low levels of microcystins are of concern, because of the potential risk of toxicity to several organ systems[1] and possibly cancer.[24] These toxic compounds are not produced by spirulina itself,[25] but may occur as a result of contamination of spirulina batches with other toxin-producing blue-green algae. Because spirulina is considered a dietary supplement in the U.S., no active, industry-wide regulation of its production occurs and no enforced safety standards exist for its production or purity.[24] The U.S. National Institutes of Health describes spirulina supplements as "possibly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirulina_(dietary_supplement)

The raw nuts, though edible, have a skin which is astringent and unpleasant to eat when still moist; after drying for a time the thin skin loses its astringency but is still better removed to reach the white fruit underneath. Cooking dry in an oven or fire normally helps remove this skin. Chestnuts are traditionally roasted in their tough brown husks after removing the spiny cupules in which they grow on the tree, the husks being peeled off and discarded and the hot chestnuts dipped in salt before eating them. Roast chestnuts are traditionally sold in streets, markets and fairs by street vendors with mobile or static braziers.. The skin of raw peeled chestnuts can be relatively easily removed by quickly blanching the nuts after scoring them by a cross slit at the tufted end.[10] Once cooked, chestnuts acquire a sweet flavour and a floury texture similar to the sweet potato. The cooked nuts can be used for stuffing poultry, as a vegetable or in nut roasts. They can also be used in confections, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castanea_sativa

Among animals which produce one, the yolk (also known as the vitellus) is the nutrient-bearing portion of the egg whose primary function is to supply food for the development of the embryo. Some kinds of egg contain no yolk, for example because they are laid in situations where the food supply is sufficient (such as in the body of the host of a parasitoid) or because the embryo develops in the parent's body, which supplies the food, usually through a placenta. Reproductive systems in which the mother's body supplies the embryo directly are said to be matrotrophic; those in which the embryo is supplied by yolk are said to be lecithotrophic. In many species, such as all birds, and most reptiles and insects, the yolk takes the form of a special storage organ constructed in the reproductive tract of the mother. In many other animals, especially very small species such as some fishes and invertebrates, the yolk material is not in a special organ, but inside the ovum. As stored food, yolks are often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolk

He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more. However, the coconut variety Heyerdahl chose for his long sea voyage likely was of the large, fleshy, spherical niu vai type, which Harries observed to have a significantly shorter germination type and worse buoyancy than the uncultivated niu kafa type.[32] Therefore, Heyerdahl's observations cannot be considered conclusive when it comes to determining the independent dispersal ability of the uncultivated coconut.. Drift models based on wind and ocean currents have shown that coconuts could not have drifted across the Pacific unaided.[42] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. However, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coconuts

... species are cultivated and consumed as a leaf vegetable in many parts of the world. Four species of Amaranthus are documented as cultivated vegetables in eastern Asia: Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus blitum, Amaranthus dubius, and Amaranthus tricolor.[24] In Indonesia and Malaysia, leaf amaranth is called bayam. In the Philippines, the Ilocano word for the plant is kalunay; the Tagalog word for the plant is kilitis or kulitis. In Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India, it is called chaulai and is a popular green leafy vegetable (referred to in the class of vegetable preparations called saag). It is called chua in Kumaun area of Uttarakhand, where it is a popular red-green vegetable. In Karnataka in India, it is called harive. It is used to prepare curries such as hulee, palya, majjigay-hulee, and so on. In Kerala, it is called cheera and is consumed by stir-frying the leaves with spices and red chillies to make cheera thoran. In Tamil Nadu, it is called mulaikkira and is regularly consumed as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus

Glycine Gly G MT-TG 9,991-10,058 L Histidine His H MT-TH 12,138-12,206 L ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics

Amino acids: glutamate,[4] aspartate, D-serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine ... Many sedative/tranquilizing drugs act by enhancing the effects of GABA.[18] Correspondingly, glycine is the inhibitory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro_transmitter

Another alternative to cyanidation is the family of glycine-based lixiviants. GlyLeach™ and GlyCat™ refer to collectively as ... doi:10.1016/0892-6875(94)90114-7. "Glycine lixiviants". Mining and Process Solutions. Mining and Process Solutions. Retrieved ... Glycine Leaching Technology "GLT".Metal ion selectivity of sodium glycinate The US states of Montana and Wisconsin, the Czech ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_cyanidation

The amino acids are identified as V=valine; M=methionine; G=glycine; S=serine, D=aspartic acid; Y=tyrosine, R=arginine; W= ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA1

ISBN 2-86943-234-8. La glycine. Théâtre. Paris: Actes Sud-Papiers. 1991. p. 74. ISBN 2-86943-307-7. Décor, néant suivi de Les ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Rezvani

Lim, T. K. (2012). "Glycine max". Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Dordrecht, NL: Springer. pp. 634-714. doi:10.1007/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_protein

Glycine Willd. Haymondia A.N. Egan & B. Pan bis Herpyza C. Wright Neocollettia Hemsl. Neonotonia J. A. Lackey Neorautanenia ... This group includes many of the beans cultivated for human and animal food, most importantly from the genera Glycine, Phaseolus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseoleae

BOC glycine. The tert-butyloxycarbonyl group is marked blue.. Protection of amines: *Carbobenzyloxy (Cbz) group - Removed by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_group

... poisoning is the most common type of fatal air poisoning in many countries.[28] Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, but highly toxic. It combines with hemoglobin to produce carboxyhemoglobin, which usurps the space in hemoglobin that normally carries oxygen, but is ineffective for delivering oxygen to bodily tissues. Concentrations as low as 667 ppm may cause up to 50% of the body's hemoglobin to convert to carboxyhemoglobin.[29] A level of 50% carboxyhemoglobin may result in seizure, coma, and fatality. In the United States, the OSHA limits long-term workplace exposure levels above 50 ppm.[30]. The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning may resemble other types of poisonings and infections, including symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, and a feeling of weakness. Affected families often believe they are victims of food poisoning. Infants may be irritable and feed poorly. Neurological signs include confusion, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide

... activity of peptidyl glycine alpha-amidating mono-oxygenase and concentrations of its cofactor, ascorbic acid". The Journal of ... in the sequence cysteine-tyrosine-isoleucine-glutamine-asparagine-cysteine-proline-leucine-glycine-amide (Cys - Tyr - Ile - Gln ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin

... s are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). Examples are dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline. All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes. They are deactivated in the body by the enzymes known as monoamine oxidases which clip off the amine group. Monoaminergic systems, i.e., the networks of neurons that utilize monoamine neurotransmitters, are involved in the regulation of cognitive processes such as emotion, arousal, and certain types of memory. It has also been found that monoamine neurotransmitters play an important role in the secretion and production of neurotrophin-3 by astrocytes, a chemical which maintains neuron integrity and provides neurons with trophic support.[1] Drugs used to increase (or reduce) the effect of monoamine neurotransmitters are used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine

ADP cycling supplies the energy needed to do work in a biological system, the thermodynamic process of transferring energy from one source to another. There are two types of energy: potential energy and kinetic energy. Potential energy can be thought of as stored energy, or usable energy that is available to do work. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object as a result of its motion. The significance of ATP is in its ability to store potential energy within the phosphate bonds. The energy stored between these bonds can then be transferred to do work. For example, the transfer of energy from ATP to the protein myosin causes a conformational change when connecting to actin during muscle contraction. It takes multiple reactions between myosin and actin to effectively produce one muscle contraction, and, therefore, the availability of large amounts of ATP is required to produce each muscle contraction. For this reason, biological processes have evolved to produce efficient ways to replenishment the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate

In the liver of vertebrates, glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine synthase (also called glycine cleavage enzyme). This ... "Glycine , Definition of glycine in English by Oxford Dictionaries".. *^ Plimmer, R.H.A. (1912) [1908]. Plimmer, R.H.A.; Hopkins ... 4 + N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ ⇌ Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+. Degradation[edit]. Glycine is degraded ... Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). Glycine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine

The aim of this study was firstly to determine the effectiveness of natural food supplements containing Glycine max leaves ... Does Glycine max leaves or Garcinia Cambogiapromote weight-loss or lower plasma cholesterol in overweight individuals: a ... The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of soy (Glycine max) leaves, compared to Garginia cambogia or placebo ... Values are mean ± S.E.; GCE, Garcinia cambogia extract; EGML, Extract of Glycine max leaves; WHR(Waist to Hip Ratio) = Waist/ ...

https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-10-94

glycine + H2O + O2 ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. glyoxylate + NH3 + H2O2 (overall reaction). (1a) glycine + O2 ⇌. {\ ... Glycine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.19) is an enzyme with systematic name glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating).[1][2] This enzyme ... Glycine+oxidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Nishiya Y, Imanaka T (November 1998). "Purification and characterization of a novel glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_oxidase

glycine-d5 (CHEBI:132194) is a glycine (CHEBI:15428). glycinium (CHEBI:32507) is conjugate acid of glycine (CHEBI:15428). ... glycine (CHEBI:15428) is a α-amino acid (CHEBI:33704) glycine (CHEBI:15428) is a proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:83813) glycine ... glycine (CHEBI:15428) is conjugate base of glycinium (CHEBI:32507) glycine (CHEBI:15428) is tautomer of glycine zwitterion ( ... glycine (CHEBI:15428) has role EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor (CHEBI:64570) glycine (CHEBI:15428) has ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:15428

Glycine is one of several so-called nonessential amino acids for mammals; i.e., ... Glycine, the simplest amino acid, obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins. Sweet-tasting, it was among the earliest amino acids to ... for cleaving the amino acid glycine. Drugs that block the action of glycine (e.g., dextromethorphan), a low-protein diet, and ... solutions and the amino acid glycine. The glycine, in addition to complexing with the metal cations and increasing their ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/glycine-amino-acid

DMG is an intermediary of cell metabolism, mainly from glycine and choline. As a precursor also to glycine, some of DMGs ... Glycine can be formed from choline in the liver or kidney and from the amino acids threonine and serine. It can be converted ... Glycine is one of the few amino acids that helps spare glucose for energy by improving glycogen storage. It is important in ... Glycine is a simple amino acid needed for the synthesis of the hemoglobin molecule, collagen, and glutathione. It can also be ...

https://healthy.net/2000/12/06/glycine-2/

... glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the brain. Explore symptoms, inheritance ... glycine, arginine, and methionine. Specifically, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase controls the first step of the process. In ... Children with arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency may not gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to ... Edvardson S, Korman SH, Livne A, Shaag A, Saada A, Nalbandian R, Allouche-Arnon H, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. l-arginine:glycine ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginineglycine-amidinotransferase-deficiency

Glycine definition, a colorless, crystalline, sweet, water-soluble solid, H 2 NCH 2 COOH, the simplest amino acid: used chiefly ... glycine in Medicine Expand. glycine gly·cine (glīsēn, -sĭn). n. Abbr. Gly A nonessential amino acid derived from the alkaline ... Glycine is the simplest amino acid. Chemical formula: C2H5NO2. See more at amino acid.. ... glycine frutéscens, a beautiful native climbing shrub, known in our gardens under that name, but is properly Wistèria ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/glycine

Learn more about Glycine uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that ... The body uses glycine to make proteins. Glycine is also involved in the transmission of chemical signals in the brain, so there ... Taking glycine before bedtime for 2-4 days seems to improve sleep in people with poor sleep quality. Taking glycine before ... GLYCINE. OTHER NAME(S): Acide Aminoacétique, Acide Amino-Acétique, Aminoacetic Acid, Athenon, Free Base Glycine, G Salt, ...

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1072/glycine

Synonym(s): GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) PROTEIN, GLYCINE HISPIDA PROTEIN; GLYCINE SOYA PROTEIN; GLYCINE SOYA PROTEINS; PROTEINS, ... About GLYCINE SOJA PROTEIN: Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein is a protein obtained from the soybean, Glycine soja.. Function(s): ... GLYCINE SOYA; PROTEINS, SOY; PROTEINS, SOYBEAN; SOY PROTEIN; SOY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE; SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE; SOY PROTEINS; ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/702693/GLYCINE_SOJA_PROTEIN/

Glycine max chalcone synthase (CHS8), mRNA Glycine max chalcone synthase (CHS8), mRNA. gi,1205914835,ref,NM_001317656.2, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001317656

Glycine amidinotransferase definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation ... glycine amidinotransferase in Medicine Expand. glycine amidinotransferase glycine am·i·di·no·trans·fer·ase (āmĭ-dēnō-trānsfə ... An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amidine group from arginine to glycine during creatine synthesis. ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/glycine-amidinotransferase

Glycine. Glycine is the simplest of the 20 different amino acids used as building blocks to make proteins for your body. It ...

http://www.lifescript.com/health/centers/adhd_pediatric/alternative_treatments/glycine_articles.aspx

... *Formula: C14H27NO5Si ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C14H27NO5Si/c1-8-11

Glycine max (Soybean) (Glycine hispida). ,p>This subsection of the Names and taxonomy section shows the unique identifier ... Glycine max (Soybean) (Glycine hispida). Nicotiana tabacum (Common tobacco). Nicotiana sylvestris (Wood tobacco) (South ... Glycine soja (Wild soybean). Arachis duranensis (Wild peanut). Solanum tuberosum (Potato). 247. UniRef90_Q1W376. Cluster: ... sp,Q1W376,PMM_SOYBN Phosphomannomutase OS=Glycine max PE=2 SV=1 MAARRPGLIALFDVDGTLTAPRKVVTPEMLTFMQELRKVVTVGVVGGSDLIKISEQLGST ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q1W376

Other names: Phenaceturic acid, trimethylsilyl ester; Glycine, N-phenylacetyl, mono-TMS * Permanent link for this species. Use ... N-Phenylacetyl glycine, trimethylsilyl-. *Formula: C13H19NO3Si ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=U79544&Units=CAL&Mask=800

In the liver of vertebrates, glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine synthase (also called glycine cleavage enzyme). This ... For other uses, see Glycine (disambiguation).. Glycine (symbol Gly or G;[5] /ˈɡlaɪsiːn/)[6] is an amino acid that has a single ... "Glycine , Definition of glycine in English by Oxford Dictionaries".. *^ Plimmer, R.H.A. (1912) [1908]. Plimmer, R.H.A.; Hopkins ... 4 + N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ ⇌ Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+. DegradationEdit. Glycine is degraded via ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine

In conclusion, it is a deep research report on global Glycine industry. Here, we express our thanks for the support and ... For international and China market analysis, the report analyzes Glycine markets in China and other countries or regions (such ... 2015 Deep Research Report on Global Glycine Industry is a new market research publication announced by Reportstack. This report ... In the end, the report includes Glycine new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, investment return analysis ...

https://pitchengine.com/pitches/59a9b8d0-f837-42ce-b6aa-bea225d7866f

high GABA and glycine levels. I was diagnosed with depression at age 18, and have tried almost all kinds of antidepressants, ... As for the high glycine level, I also suspected NKH (non-ketotic hyperglycinemia) but my plasma amino acid level of it came ... As for the high glycine level, I also suspected NKH (non-ketotic hyperglycinemia) but my plasma amino acid level of it came ... urine neurotransmitter level test done and found out that my GABA level was twice as high as the normal value while the glycine ...

https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Depression/high-GABA-and-glycine-levels/show/1699975

Loss of cellular glycine may be more important than loss of asparagine because of the requirement for glycine in purine ... This decrease in cellular glycine concentration does not occur in a tumor resistant to asparaginase. The inhibition of the ... coli asparaginase or guinea pig serum to C3H/HE mice with the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma is followed by depression of glycine in the ... lymphosarcoma by asparaginase can be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of asparagine or glycine. This reversal appears to ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/167/3924/1512

La résidence Les Glycines est située dans le quartier de « Herseaux Gare », à la frontière franco-belge. Elle est entourée par ... La résidence Les Glycines a été créée en 1988 dans une idéologie familiale et est située dans le quartier de « Herseaux Gare ...

https://www.triodos.co.uk/projects/les-glycines/32086

Founded as Fabrique dHorlogerie La Glycine in 1914 by Swiss watchmaker Eugène Meylan, Glycine initially specialized in ... Glycine. Retrieved 5 February 2018. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "A Week On The Wrist: The Glycine Airman No. 1". ... Glycine Watch SA is a Swiss wristwatch manufacturer, founded in 1914, and based in Bienne, Switzerland. It is famed for its ... Currently, Glycine has six collections, most of which are aviation or military-themed: Eugene Meylan Introduced in 1930 Airman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_Watch

... Whole cereals, such as oats, contain glycine * Glycine helps maintain proper function of healing, ... CHARACTERISTICS OF GLYCINE What is glycine?. Glycine is a nonessential amino acid small size that requires the presence of two ... Glycine supplements. Although you can take supplements of glycine, it is recommended to meet the needs of this amino acid ... Foods containing glycine. Animal foods are those that contain more glycine, for example, meat (pork, duck, chicken, etc.) ...

https://www.botanical-online.com/english/glycine-properties.htm

Genus: Glycine Subgenus: Glycine subg. Soya Species: Glycine max Subspecies: G. m. subsp. formosana - G. m. subsp. gracilis - G ... Glycine max. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., ... Glycine max in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on ... USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Glycine max in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glycine_max?uselang=it

Glycine canescens. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, ... Glycine canescens in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published ... USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Glycine canescens in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U. ... Glycine canescens. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2021 May 16. ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glycine_canescens

Glycine fluoromethylketones as SENP-specific activity based probes.. Dobrotă C1, Fasci D, Hădade ND, Roiban GD, Pop C, Meier VM ... The activity-based probe has at its C terminus a glycine-derived fluoromethylketone moiety as a reactive group designed to ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22134988

In addition, precursors of dried crystalline glycine, including, but not limited to, glycine slurry (i.e., glycine in a non- ... These investigations cover glycine in any form and purity level, regardless of additives. Glycines chemical composition is C2 ... Glycine slurry is classified under the same HTSUS as crystallized glycine (2922.49.4020) and sodium glycinate is classified ... Glycine from India, Japan, and Korea. A Notice by the International Trade Commission on 04/09/2007. ...

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2007/04/09/E7-6601/glycine-from-india-japan-and-korea

Home » Investigations » Import Injury » Glycine from India, Japan, and South Korea. Glycine from India, Japan, and South Korea ...

https://www.usitc.gov/investigations/701731/2007/glycine_india_japan_and_south_korea/preliminary.htm

Genome Duplication in Soybean (Glycine subgenus soja). R. C. Shoemaker, K. Polzin, J. Labate, J. Specht, E. C. Brummer, T. ... Genome Duplication in Soybean (Glycine subgenus soja). R. C. Shoemaker, K. Polzin, J. Labate, J. Specht, E. C. Brummer, T. ... Genome Duplication in Soybean (Glycine subgenus soja). R. C. Shoemaker, K. Polzin, J. Labate, J. Specht, E. C. Brummer, T. ... Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping data from nine populations (Glycine max × G. soja and G. max × G. max) of the ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/144/1/329?ijkey=3a873b41aaef5af4dc3ce6410df09e87b53b044e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Glycine Receptors Involved in Acamprosate's Modulation of Accumbal Dopamine Levels: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study. (gu.se)
Background: Glycine receptors (GlyRs) in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have been suggested to be involved in the positive reinforcing and dopamine elevating effects of ethanol. (gu.se)
In addition, glycine is a potent glutamate coagonist on NMDA receptors. (news-medical.net)
Nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) carry cargos through NPCs by transiently binding to phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats on intrinsically disordered polypeptides decorating the NPCs. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Glycine is the major agonist of glycine receptors (GlyR), which are chloride channels that hyperpolarize cell membranes of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and neutrophils, turning them less sensitive to proinflammatory stimuli. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Therefore, the possible benefit is already saturated by the clozapine and adding glycine is unable to increase that benefit because all of the receptors are already occupied. (schizophrenia.com)
Using a chimeric protein assembled by the transmembrane domain of the human glycine receptors fused to the extracellular domain of the bacterial pLGIC GLIC, we performed functional experiments in parallel with X-ray crystallography. (pnas.org)
In inflammatory pain, reductions in synaptic inhibition occur partially through prostaglandin E 2 - (PGE 2 -) and PKA-dependent phosphorylation of a specific subtype of glycine receptors (GlyRs) that contain α3 subunits. (jci.org)
Inhibitory glycine receptors ligand-gated ion channels with known roles in startle disease/hyperekplexia (GlyR α1), cortical neuronal migration and autism spectrum disorder (GlyR α2), and inflammatory pain sensitization and rhythmic breathing (GlyR α3). (frontiersin.org)
We encourage original research or methods papers, reviews, commentaries, or perspectives that highlight new biological and therapeutic roles of glycine receptors, utilising molecular, cellular, high-throughput drug screening, electrophysiology or model organism approaches. (frontiersin.org)
Some synaptic neurotransmitter receptors, such as those for glycine, have somato-dendritic distributions. (jneurosci.org)
Betz, H. Structure and function of inhibitory glycine receptors. (nature.com)
The strychnine-binding subunit of the glycine receptor shows homology with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (nature.com)
Deficit of glycine/strychnine receptors in inherited myoclonus of Poll Hereford calves. (nature.com)
Asymmetric cross-inhibition between GABAA and glycine receptors in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons. (harvard.edu)

Although glycine can be isolated from hydrolyzed protein, this is not used for industrial production, as it can be manufactured more conveniently by chemical synthesis. (wikipedia.org)

Glycine can be formed from choline in the liver or kidney and from the amino acids threonine and serine. (healthy.net)
Glycine is not essential to the human diet, as it is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine, which is in turn derived from 3-phosphoglycerate, but the metabolic capacity for glycine biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
In most organisms, the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyses this transformation via the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate: serine + tetrahydrofolate → glycine + N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + H2O In the liver of vertebrates, glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine synthase (also called glycine cleavage enzyme). (wikipedia.org)
This conversion is readily reversible: CO2 + NH+ 4 + N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ ⇌ Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+ In addition to being synthesized from serine, glycine can also be derived from threonine, choline or hydroxyproline via inter-organ metabolism of the liver and kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
The first step is the reverse of glycine biosynthesis from serine with serine hydroxymethyl transferase. (wikipedia.org)
The body synthesizes glycine from another amino acid, serine. (botanical-online.com)
Both glycine and d-serine (NMDA agonists ) have been found to be decreased in both the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of people with schizophrenia compared to controls. (schizophrenia.com)
A simple and versatile methodology using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection was developed to simultaneously determine d-serine along with other metabolically related neuroactive amino acids in the glutamatergic system: L-serine, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, and glycine. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A difference in the ratio of glycine to serine between patients and controls was also highly robust. (schizophrenia.com)
M00020 ], and glycine is derived from serine. (genome.jp)
Your body is able to make glycine using another amino acid, serine. (memorialhospitaljax.com)

Glycine Soja (Soybean) Protein is a protein obtained from the soybean, Glycine soja. (ewg.org)
Glycine max is scientific name of Soybean legume. (shutterstock.com)
The soybean is a legume belonging to the genus glycine , which is related to clover, peas, and alfalfa. (wordnik.com)
Ecophysiological Effects of Nitrogen on Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. (scirp.org)
Onor, I. , Onor Junior, G. and Kambhampati, M. (2014) Ecophysiological Effects of Nitrogen on Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. (scirp.org)
It has been estimated that Glycine max , soybean, provides ca. 35% of human protein (X. Bao et al. (efloras.org)
To investigate the mechanisms underlying photoreactions in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. (bioone.org)

Glycine is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter - interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a Clostridium tetani infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
I got desperate and had a urine neurotransmitter level test done and found out that my GABA level was twice as high as the normal value while the glycine level was 3 times as high as the normal upper range value, both being major inhibitory neurotransmitters. (medhelp.org)
Yet, it has been confirmed that glycine is a significant neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system in particular locations such as the brainstem and the spinal cord. (news-medical.net)
Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system , especially in the spinal cord , brainstem, and retina. (wikidoc.org)
Glycine is an amino acid as well as a neurotransmitter affecting the central nervous system. (schizophrenia.com)
The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. (abcam.com)
Glycine is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and has been shown to help improve sleep quality when taken before bedtime so is useful for those who struggle to get a good quality of sleep throughout the night. (monstersupplements.com)

Your search returned 9 glycine receptor, beta subunit ELISA ELISA Kit across 2 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Glycine provides the central C 2 N subunit of all purines . (wikidoc.org)
Kuhse, J., Schmieden, V. & Betz, H. Identification and functional expression of a novel ligand binding subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor. (nature.com)
Kuhse, J., Schmieden, V. & Betz, H. A single amino acid exchange alters the pharmacology of neonatal rat glycine receptor subunit. (nature.com)
Cloning and expression of the 58 kd β subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor. (nature.com)
Schmieden, V., Grenningloh, G., Schofield, P.R. & Betz, H. Functional expression in Xenopus oocytes of the strychnine binding 48 kd subunit of the glycine receptor. (nature.com)
Functional chloride channels by mammalian cell expression of rat glycine receptor subunit. (nature.com)
Mutations in the α1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor cause the dominant neurologic disorder, hyperekplexia. (nature.com)
A missense mutation in the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor causes the spasmodic mouse phenotype. (nature.com)

Glycine , the simplest amino acid , obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins . (britannica.com)
The body uses glycine to make proteins. (webmd.com)
Glycine is the simplest of the 20 different amino acids used as building blocks to make proteins for your body. (lifescript.com)
Tris-Glycine Transfer Buffer (10X) is a commonly used western blot buffer for the electrotransfer of proteins from SDS-PAGE gels to nitrocellulose or PVDF membranes. (cellsignal.com)
The recent molecular and biochemical characterization of a class of glycine transporter proteins ( 11 - 14 ) in brain suggests that the glycine concentration in microdomains may be regulated by these transporters. (pnas.org)
Glycine is structurally the simplest of the 20 amino acids that combine to form proteins, possessing a single hydrogen atom in its molecular side chain. (fsu.edu)
With only two hydrogen atoms as its 'side chain', glycine is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins . (wikidoc.org)
Most proteins incorporate only small quantities of glycine. (wikidoc.org)
The principal function of glycine is as a precursor to proteins. (wikidoc.org)
A representative of these glycine-sensing RNAs from Bacillus subtilis operates as a rare genetic on switch for the gcvT operon, which codes for proteins that form the glycine cleavage system. (washington.edu)
The glycine cleavage system is composed of four proteins: P, T, L and H (By similarity). (rcsb.org)

Glycine was discovered in 1820 by the French chemist Henri Braconnot when he hydrolyzed gelatin by boiling it with sulfuric acid . (wikipedia.org)
In 1858, the French chemist Auguste Cahours determined that glycine was an amine of acetic acid . (wikipedia.org)
Glycine is a simple amino acid needed for the synthesis of the hemoglobin molecule, collagen, and glutathione. (healthy.net)
In this step, a compound called guanidinoacetic acid is produced by transferring a cluster of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms called a guanidino group from arginine to glycine. (medlineplus.gov)
Glycine is the simplest amino acid. (dictionary.com)
Now, ingredients crucial for the origin of life on Earth, including the simple amino acid glycine and phosphorus - key components of DNA and cell membranes - have been discovered at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. (astronomynow.com)
Glycine is an amino acid, a building block for protein. (webmd.com)
As for the high glycine level, I also suspected NKH (non-ketotic hyperglycinemia) but my plasma amino acid level of it came back slightly low, but I will confirm that with a genetic test just to rule out the possibility of having NKH. (medhelp.org)
The two main processes are amination of chloroacetic acid with ammonia, giving glycine and ammonium chloride, and the Strecker amino acid synthesis, which is the main synthetic method in the United States and Japan. (wikipedia.org)
In the third pathway of its degradation, glycine is converted to glyoxylate by D-amino acid oxidase. (wikipedia.org)
Glycine is a nonessential amino acid small size that requires the presence of two minerals for proper absorption and subsequent operation, which are chlorine and sodium. (botanical-online.com)
Glycine is the smallest amino acid known , consisting of only two carbon atoms. (botanical-online.com)
Although you can take supplements of glycine, it is recommended to meet the needs of this amino acid through a balanced diet . (botanical-online.com)
The isoelectric point or isoelectric pH of glycine will be centered between the pK a s of the two ionizable groups, the amino group and the carboxylic acid group. (arizona.edu)
For example, glycine is a derivative of acetic acid, and the pK a of acetic acid is well known. (arizona.edu)
Glycine - a neutral, non-essential amino acid - is the only proteinogenic amino acid without a chiral center. (news-medical.net)
A) Effect of Amino acid interference on the estimation of Glycine. (news-medical.net)
Glycine is an amino acid that is found in the protein of all living things. (schizophrenia.com)
Glycine (Gly, G) amino acid molecule. (shutterstock.com)
Glycine (Gly or G), is the amino acid. (shutterstock.com)
Molecular structure of antioxidant glutathione, that consists of the amino acids glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. (shutterstock.com)
In contrast, we find that impact-induced shock compression of cometary ices followed by expansion to ambient conditions can produce complexes that resemble the amino acid glycine. (nature.com)
In this paper, the authors investigated the role of glycine, a naturally occurring amino acid, in patients with refractory schizophrenia that are taking clozapine. (schizophrenia.com)
Phenylacetylglycine or PAG is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetic acid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Glycine was discovered in 1820, by Henri Braconnot who boiled gelatin with sulfuric acid. (wikidoc.org)
In the USA (by GEO Specialty Chemicals, Inc.) and in Japan (by Shoadenko), glycine is produced via the Strecker amino acid synthesis . (wikidoc.org)
In higher eukaryotes , D-Aminolevulinic acid , the key precursor to porphyrins , is biosynthesized from glycine and succinyl-CoA . (wikidoc.org)
Glycine is a non-essential amino acid important to the proper functioning of many biological processes. (purebulk.com)
Even though glycine is a non-essential amino acid, which means it may be synthesized from in the human body, it is nevertheless important in many metabolic pathways. (purebulk.com)
Glycine helps support muscle formation via protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism and the maintenance of a healthy nervous system. (purebulk.com)
Because you can manufacture glycine, you do not really have to consume any, so it is called a "nonessential amino acid. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
Manufacturers advertising glycine supplements have made a number of additional claims for it, including prevention of epileptic seizures , reducing acid in the stomach, multiple sclerosis , boosting the immune system , and calming the mind. (memorialhospitaljax.com)
Glycine is an important amino acid for several reasons. (pureformulas.com)
This advanced form of riboswitch may have evolved to ensure that excess glycine is efficiently used to provide carbon flux through the citric acid cycle and maintain adequate amounts of the amino acid for protein synthesis. (washington.edu)
Schmieden, V., Kuhse, J. & Betz, H. Agonist pharmacology of neonatal and adult glycine receptor α subunits: identification of amino acid residues involved in taurine activation. (nature.com)
Glycine has the distinction of being the chemically simplest amino acid having only a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. (alleydog.com)
Although the average diet contains glycine it is not considered an essential amino acid because the human body is capable of synthesizing it from other biological building blocks. (alleydog.com)
That's why we've changed the packaging of 100% Glycine Amino Acid but don't worry, we've definitely not changed the taste or the nutritionals, so it's still your favourite. (myprotein.com)
Glycine is a non-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in protein, which helps to build and repair new muscle 1 - super-important whether you're trying to add size or get shaped and toned. (myprotein.com)
Our 100% Glycine Amino Acid powder is an easy way to make sure you stay topped up. (myprotein.com)
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100% Glycine Amino Acid can be added to your usual supplement regime to help make sure you're getting the glycine you need. (myprotein.com)
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What does 100% Glycine Amino Acid work well with? (myprotein.com)

Glycine is known to act as an agonist for NMDA. (schizophrenia.com)
Data obtained from whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, in vitro , demonstrated that exogenous glycine and glycine transporter type 1 (GLYT1) antagonist selectively enhanced the amplitude of the NMDA component of a glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current. (pnas.org)
Of these, the glycine transporter type 1 (GLYT1) is expressed primarily in glia and neurons of the neocortex and archicortex in association with regions of high NMDA expression ( 15 - 17 ). (pnas.org)
D-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, improves negative symptoms when added to conventional agents and worsens negative symptoms when added to clozapine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Both clozapine and D-cycloserine may improve negative symptoms by activation of the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor complex. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Glycine is considered a co-agonist of the NMDA receptor meaning that it acts to modulate activity at the receptor, but does not directly turn it on or off by itself. (schizophrenia.com)
Glycine also acts on a separate binding site to change the length of time that the NMDA receptor's channels stays open but it does not independently open the channel itself. (schizophrenia.com)
In studying chimeras of NR2A and NR2C subunits of the NMDA receptor, we have found that glycine-independent desensitization depends on two regions of the extracellular N-terminal domain. (nih.gov)
We will test whether newly developed compounds (glycine uptake inhibitors) that enhance NMDA receptor activity promote the regeneration of dopaminergic fibers in a toxin-based pre-clinical model of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)
We have found that glycine uptake inhibitors that enhance NMDA glutamate receptor activity promote striatal dopaminergic re-innervation in a toxin-based pre-clinical model of Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)

A typical diet contains about 2 grams of glycine daily. (webmd.com)
The normal human diet results in an intake of about 2 grams of glycine daily. (schizophrenia.com)

We examined the role of glycine and GLYT1 on synaptic currents elicited by stimulation of the CA3-CA1 Schaffer collateral axons in hippocampal slices of the rat in vitro . (pnas.org)

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an amidine group from arginine to glycine during creatine synthesis. (dictionary.com)

D-cycloserine is a partial agonist at the glycine receptor and therefore no matter how much glycine or clozapine is available, some d-cycloserine if added to the system also, will be there to turn on the receptor but some will also block glycine from achieving a full response. (schizophrenia.com)

Glycine is also cogenerated as an impurity in the synthesis of EDTA , arising from reactions of the ammonia coproduct. (wikipedia.org)
GATM gene mutations impair the ability of the arginine:glycine amidinotransferase enzyme to participate in creatine synthesis, resulting in a shortage of creatine. (medlineplus.gov)
Loss of cellular glycine may be more important than loss of asparagine because of the requirement for glycine in purine synthesis. (sciencemag.org)
Figure 4: Mechanism for glycine-CO 2 complex synthesis on expansion and cooling. (nature.com)
In the liver of vertebrates , glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine synthase (also called glycine cleavage enzyme). (wikidoc.org)
Glycine is also used in the synthesis of adenine and guanine, two of the nucleic acids, and is incorporated into protein directly. (sciencephoto.com)

Taking glycine along with clozapine (Clozaril) might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine (Clozaril). (webmd.com)
Do not take glycine if you are taking clozapine (Clozaril). (webmd.com)
Glycine also improves negative symptoms and may still be able to improve these symptoms when given with clozapine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This study gives either D-cycloserine or glycine (or an inactive placebo) with clozapine to determine which is the best combination. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Group 2 will receive glycine plus clozapine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To determine if glycine produces improvement in negative symptoms and D-cycloserine produces worsening in symptoms compared to placebo, patients will undergo a double blind study of d-cycloserine and glycine treatment added to clozapine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
High-dose glycine also improves negative symptoms and has provided preliminary evidence suggesting that glycine improves negative symptoms when added to clozapine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Because D-cycloserine is a partial agonist, it may act as an antagonist at the glycine site in the presence of clozapine, whereas the full agonist, glycine, would not be expected to worsen negative symptoms in the presence of clozapine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This study proposes to administer a fixed-dose of D-cycloserine, glycine, or placebo added to clozapine in 45 patients with schizophrenia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This article was the first study to evaluate the efficacy of glycine when used in conjunction with clozapine (Clozaril). (schizophrenia.com)
In a small study, Potkin and others added glycine to the medication regimen of patients already taking clozapine. (schizophrenia.com)
Surprisingly, the authors found that people taking clozapine showed no benefit when taking glycine in addition. (schizophrenia.com)
On some measures of positive (delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, etc) the patients who received glycine in addition to their clozapine had less relief than those who received a placebo with their clozapine. (schizophrenia.com)
The authors postulate that the effects of clozapine at the receptor where glycine acts is more potent than the d-cycloserine and that there is a negative competition at that site which turns down the effect of the clozapine when d-cycloserine is involved. (schizophrenia.com)
When glycine is added to clozapine, it appears that there is no effect because glycine and clozapine work in similar ways at the glycine receptor. (schizophrenia.com)
Overall, it appears that adding glycine is ineffective in patients taking clozapine and in fact could actually worsen symptoms somewhat. (schizophrenia.com)
Placebo-controlled trial of glycine added to clozapine in schizophrenia. (schizophrenia.com)
Clozapine specifically tended to give way to higher levels (a good thing) of glycine compared to other antipsychotics. (schizophrenia.com)

The predominant pathway in animals involves the catalysis of glycine cleavage enzyme , the same enzyme also involved in the biosynthesis of glycine. (wikidoc.org)

The plant generally known as Soja hispida is by modern botanists referred to glycine soja. (dictionary.com)
Show all 95 recent products that contain GLYCINE SOJA PROTEIN. (ewg.org)
Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping data from nine populations (Glycine max × G. soja and G. max × G. max ) of the Glycine subgenus soja genome led to the identification of many duplicated segments of the genome. (genetics.org)
There seems very little doubt that Glycine max , not known as a wild plant, has been selected from the following species, G. soja . (efloras.org)

Serum concentrations of glycine predicted response to both high-dose glycine and D-cycloserine. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The glycine receptor (GlyR) is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) mediating inhibitory transmission in the nervous system. (pnas.org)
The glycine receptor (GlyR), a ligand-gated channel mediating a chloride-dependent inhibition, is composed of transmembrane α and β subunits. (jneurosci.org)
In this study, by using IFPTarget and ligand similarity ensemble approach (SEA), we show that the glycine receptor alpha 3 (GlyRα3), which play a key role in the processing of inflammatory pain, is a potential target of Col. Moreover, Col binds directly to the GlyRα3 as determined by the immunoprecipitation and bio-layer interferometry assays using the synthesized Col-biotin conjugate (linked Col and biotin with polyethylene glycol). (frontiersin.org)

Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim. (wikimedia.org)
Glycine hispida var. (wikimedia.org)
Glycine hispida subsp. (wikimedia.org)

hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases) inhibitor that interferes with the action of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1). (ebi.ac.uk)
Acylglycines are produced through the action of glycine N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.13) which is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acyl-CoA + glycine ↔ CoA + N-acylglycine. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The recent discovery of glycine transporters in both the central nervous system and the periphery suggests that glycine transport may be critical to N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function by controlling glycine concentration at the NMDAR modulatory glycine site. (pnas.org)

Our assay demonstrates a significant decrease of Glycine in patients suffering from Depression and Schizophrenia, and higher concentration of glycine was found in the sample from a patient suffering from Alzheimer's Disease. (news-medical.net)
Furthermore, GLYT1 antagonist enhanced NMDAR function during perfusion with medium containing 10 μM glycine, a concentration similar to that in the cerebrospinal fluid in vivo , thereby supporting the hypothesis that the GLYT1 maintains subsaturating concentration of glycine at synaptically activated NMDAR. (pnas.org)
This is in large part because the concentration of glycine in the cerebrospinal fluid is about 6 μM ( 10 ), which ought to saturate the NMDAR glycine site. (pnas.org)

1965.-High concentrations of glycine induce accumulation of four uridine nucleotides in Staphylococcus aureus . (asm.org)

We offer Glycine Receptor alpha 3 RNAi for use in common research applications. (novusbio.com)
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In this context, the enzyme system involved is usually called the glycine cleavage system: Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+ ⇌ CO2 + NH+ 4 + N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ In the second pathway, glycine is degraded in two steps. (wikipedia.org)

Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Children with arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency may not gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive), and have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting and walking. (medlineplus.gov)
The prevalence of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the GATM gene cause arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
The GATM gene provides instructions for making the enzyme arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. (medlineplus.gov)
glycine, arginine, and methionine. (medlineplus.gov)
Specifically, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase controls the first step of the process. (medlineplus.gov)
The effects of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency are most severe in organs and tissues that require large amounts of energy, especially the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Edvardson S, Korman SH, Livne A, Shaag A, Saada A, Nalbandian R, Allouche-Arnon H, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency: clinical presentation and response to treatment in two patients with a novel mutation. (medlineplus.gov)

The inhibition of the lymphosarcoma by asparaginase can be reversed by intraperitoneal injection of asparagine or glycine. (sciencemag.org)
Glycine employs rapid postsynaptic inhibition that is required for pain transmission processes, and hearing processing. (news-medical.net)
In in vitro studies, glycine diminishes the expression and release of TNF-alpha and IL-6 from adipose tissue, 3T3-L1 cells, and alveolar macrophages, probably through inhibition of phosphorylation of NF-kappaB. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing). (abcam.com)
If regeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection will indeed be more pronounced in glycine uptake inhibitor-treated mice, we will have demonstrated the principle that glycine uptake inhibition promotes dopaminergic reinnervation and that such inhibitors may be considered as a treatment in Parkinson's disease. (michaeljfox.org)

Serum glycine receptor antibody endpoint titres ranged from 1:20 to 1:60 000. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Glycine betaine content of 22 species of cereals and grasses was determined by pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography assay. (springer.com)
Glycine betaine content of the 22 cereal species tested ranged from 1 to 48 ymole per g dry wt. (springer.com)
These results provide evidence that Glrb is necessary for postsynaptic expression of glycine receptor complexes, and suggest Glrb as a candidate gene for inherited myoclonus in other species. (nature.com)

Glycine oxidase ( EC 1.4.3.19 ) is an enzyme with systematic name glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) . (wikipedia.org)
Several lines of evidence suggest that H-protein brings about a conformational change of P-protein which may be relevant to the expression of the decarboxylase activity of P-protein and that the functional glycine decarboxylase may be an enzyme complex composed of both P-protein and H-protein. (springer.com)

In diabetic patients, oral glycine reduces glycosylated hemoglobin levels and serum TNF-alpha, and in patients with cystic fibrosis glycine improves the clinical and spirometric status, and tend to lower serum TNF-alpha, IL-6 and G-CSF. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Dosages of oral glycine used in clinical trials for therapeutic purposes range from 2 to 60 g daily. (memorialhospitaljax.com)

They randomly assigned people (12 in each group) to either receive glycine or a placebo and neither the subject nor the researchers knew what any person was taking until after the study concluded. (schizophrenia.com)

What is the likelihood that Glycine is contaminated by other amino acids (eg glutamate or aspartate). (bio.net)

The aim of this study was firstly to determine the effectiveness of natural food supplements containing Glycine max leaves extract (EGML) or Garcinia cambogia extract (GCE) to promote weight-loss and lower plasma cholesterol. (biomedcentral.com)
After bringing together a list of supplements to buy for my next stack, I came across Glycine. (monstersupplements.com)

Glycine is degraded via three pathways. (wikipedia.org)

Clinical diagnosis of lacunar stroke in the first 6 hours after symptom onset: analysis of data from the glycine antagonist in neuroprotection (GAIN) Americas trial. (harvard.edu)

Administration of either Escherichia coli asparaginase or guinea pig serum to C3H/HE mice with the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma is followed by depression of glycine in the tumor. (sciencemag.org)
The results show that glycine serum in control versus patient samples are analogous to those issued in literature. (news-medical.net)
Glycine concentration was evaluated using BioVision's Glycine Assay Kit in human serum samples from patients known to have Neurological conditions. (news-medical.net)
Serum Samples were serially diluted using Glycine Assay Buffer (Dilution Factor Range: 4-128). (news-medical.net)
In laboratory animals, in a rat model of endotoxic shock a 5% glycine-rich diet lowers mortality, reduces pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and hepatic lesions, and avoids elevation of serum TNF-alpha. (clinicaltrials.gov)

As a bifunctional molecule, glycine reacts with many reagents. (wikipedia.org)
In aqueous solution, glycine itself is amphoteric: at low pH the molecule can be protonated with a pKa of about 2.4 and at high pH it loses a proton with a pKa of about 9.6 (precise values of pKa depend on temperature and ionic strength). (wikipedia.org)
Betaine (glycine betaine, trimethylglycine) molecule. (shutterstock.com)
We still have much to learn about the mechanism of glycine and how it helps treat negative symptoms, but it remains a very promising molecule and one worthy of such exploration! (schizophrenia.com)

3M™ Clinpro™ Glycine Prophy Powder from 3M is a gentle prophy powder that has the longest clinical history of glycine air-polishing powders. (3m.com)
Glycine is a white microcrystal powder soluble in water, with a sweet taste and relatively low cost. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Glycine in powder form promotes superior absorption. (kroger.com)
As glycine is mainly found in foods such as meat, fish, and dairy, it can be difficult to get enough of it from your diet alone, especially if following a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle - making our convenient powder a great, cost-effective alternative. (myprotein.com)

The distribution of glycine-immunoreactive boutons correlated well with the distribution of glycine receptor immunoreactivity on postsynaptic elements of the spinal cord, tested with different monoclonal antisera against strychnine-purified glycine receptor. (jneurosci.org)

To study the distribution of glycine immunoreactive neurons in the spinal cord and brain, antisera were raised against glycine conjugated to protein carriers. (jneurosci.org)
Immunocytochemistry at the light microscope level with immunofluorescence and silver-intensified colloidal gold revealed a wide distribution of glycine-like immunoreactivity throughout all laminae of the rat spinal cord and in all segments studied from the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral cord. (jneurosci.org)

Glycine is a colorless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid. (wikipedia.org)

The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. (rcsb.org)

So as we can see Glycine, the simplest amino of them all has a few tricks up its sleeve and can be very useful when supplemented. (monstersupplements.com)

Glycine is the simplest of all amino acids and has an ISOELECTRIC POINT of 6.0. (thefreedictionary.com)

The inactivation of P-protein seemed to take place as a side reaction of the glycine decarboxylation and to reflect the formation of a ternary complex of P-protein, H-protein and aminomethyl moiety of glycine through a Schiff base linkage of the H-protein-bound aminomethyl moiety with the pyridoxal phosphate of P-protein. (springer.com)

As a precursor also to glycine, some of DMG's effects may be attributed to simple glycine, particularly in regard to its neuroinhibitory effect in problems such as epilepsy. (healthy.net)

The mechanism by which glycine may induce uridine nucleotide accumulation and protoplast formation is discussed. (asm.org)

This decrease in cellular glycine concentration does not occur in a tumor resistant to asparaginase. (sciencemag.org)
Recent studies have also shown that ethanol high-preferring rats substantially decrease their ethanol intake when treated with a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor (ORG 25935). (gu.se)
one study suggest that glycine may actually decrease the effectiveness of this drug (see Safety Issues below). (memorialhospitaljax.com)

DMG is an intermediary of cell metabolism, mainly from glycine and choline. (healthy.net)
Glycine helps maintain optimal energy levels and healthy metabolism, and is important for muscle tissue formation. (kroger.com)

With methyl iodide, the amine becomes quaternized to give betaine, a natural product: H 3N+ CH 2COO− + 3 CH3I → (CH 3) 3N+ CH 2COO− + 3 HI Glycine condenses with itself to give peptides, beginning with the formation of glycylglycine: 2 H 3N+ CH 2COO− → H 3N+ CH 2CONHCH 2COO− + H2O Pyrolysis of glycine or glycylglycine gives 2,5-diketopiperazine, the cyclic diamide. (wikipedia.org)
N,N,N-trimethyl betaines purified by the ion exchange procedure were determined by GLC measurement of trimethyl amine resulting from the pyrolysis of the betaine fraction at 350 C. The lower limit of the pyrolysis-GLC assay was about 2 nmole of glycine betaine. (springer.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/5843)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/5843)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (3/5843)

Multiplex sequence analysis demonstrates the competitive growth advantage of the A-to-G mutants of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. (4/5843)

The role of proline and glycine in determining the backbone flexibility of a channel-forming peptide. (5/5843)

NMDA receptor characterization and subunit expression in rat cultured mesencephalic neurones. (6/5843)

Antagonist activity of alpha-substituted 4-carboxyphenylglycine analogues at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in CHO cells. (7/5843)

Mechanisms involved in the metabotropic glutamate receptor-enhancement of NMDA-mediated motoneurone responses in frog spinal cord. (8/5843)

Glycine

Receptors, Glycine

Glycine Agents

Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Glycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating)

Strychnine

Glycine N-Methyltransferase

Glycine Decarboxylase Complex H-Protein

Betaine

Glycine Decarboxylase Complex

Soybeans

Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase

Sarcosine

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral

Amino Acids

Molecular Sequence Data

Taurine

Amino Acid Sequence

Aminomethyltransferase

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases

Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Kynurenic Acid

Alanine

Serine

Receptors, Neurotransmitter

Kinetics

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Glycine Dehydrogenase

Amidinotransferases

Mutation

Proline

RNA, Transfer, Gly

Base Sequence

Hippurates

Tiopronin

Glyoxylates

Picrotoxin

Glycine Transaminase

Aminobutyrates

Transferases

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Aspartic Acid

beta-Alanine

Receptors, GABA

Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

GABA Antagonists

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Benzoic Acid

Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases

Binding Sites

Glutamic Acid

N-Methylaspartate

Neurons

Carrier Proteins

Glutamates

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Escherichia coli

Bicuculline

Structure-Activity Relationship

Choline Dehydrogenase

Models, Molecular

Amino Acid Substitution

Xenopus laevis

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Osmotic Pressure

Protein Conformation

Oocytes

Neural Inhibition

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Carbon Isotopes

Biological Transport

Cloning, Molecular

Water-Electrolyte Balance

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/5843)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/5843)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (3/5843)

Multiplex sequence analysis demonstrates the competitive growth advantage of the A-to-G mutants of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. (4/5843)

The role of proline and glycine in determining the backbone flexibility of a channel-forming peptide. (5/5843)

NMDA receptor characterization and subunit expression in rat cultured mesencephalic neurones. (6/5843)

$Gentaur Molecular :BioBasic \ Glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride \ GB0487$ Gentaur Molecular :BioBasic \ Glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride \ GB0487