Glycine. Medical search

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Cell surface receptors that bind GLYCINE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glycine receptors in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM have an intrinsic chloride channel and are usually inhibitory.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on glycinergic systems. Glycinergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

A family of sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters that transport the amino acid GLYCINE. They differ from GLYCINE RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to GLYCINE. They are located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of NEURONS; GLIAL CELLS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and RED BLOOD CELLS where they remove inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE.

A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE dependent enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of GLYCINE with the transfer of an aminomethyl group to the LIPOIC ACID moiety of the GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE COMPLEX H-PROTEIN. Defects in P-protein are the cause of non-ketotic hyperglycinemia. It is one of four subunits of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.

An enzyme that catalyzes the METHYLATION of GLYCINE using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE to form SARCOSINE with the concomitant production of S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE.

A LIPOIC ACID-containing protein that plays the pivotal role in the transfer of methylamine groups and reducing equivalents between the three enzymatic components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)

A enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidative DECARBOXYLATION and DEAMINATION of GLYCINE into CARBON DIOXIDE; AMMONIA; NADH; and N5N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. It is composed of four different component protein components referred to as H, P, L, and T.

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of glycine and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate to form serine. It also catalyzes the reaction of glycine with acetaldehyde to form L-threonine. EC 2.1.2.1.

An amino acid intermediate in the metabolism of choline.

Amino acid transporter systems capable of transporting neutral amino acids (AMINO ACIDS, NEUTRAL).

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A one-carbon group transferase that transfers lipoamide-linked methylamine groups to tetrahydrofolate (TETRAHYDROFOLATES) to form methylenetetrahydrofolate and AMMONIA. It is one of four components of the glycine decarboxylase complex.

A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.

A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

Cell surface receptors that bind signalling molecules released by neurons and convert these signals into intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act to regulate ion channels, but also those which act on second messenger systems and those which may act at a distance from their release sites. Included are receptors for neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, and neurohumors, whether or not located at synapses.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidative DEAMINATION of GLYCINE to glyoxylate and AMMONIA in the presence of NAD. In BACTERIA lacking transaminating pathways the enzyme can act in the reverse direction to synthesize glycine from glyoxylate and ammonia and NADH.

Enzymes of a subclass of TRANSFERASES that catalyze the transfer of an amidino group from donor to acceptor. EC 2.1.4.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Salts and esters of hippuric acid.

Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.

A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.

A PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the amino group of GLYCINE onto 2-oxoglutarate to generate GLYOXYLATE and L-GLUTAMATE.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.

Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

An amino acid formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil and carnosine. Since neuronal uptake and neuronal receptor sensitivity to beta-alanine have been demonstrated, the compound may be a false transmitter replacing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. A rare genetic disorder, hyper-beta-alaninemia, has been reported.

Cell-surface proteins that bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID with high affinity and trigger changes that influence the behavior of cells. GABA-A receptors control chloride channels formed by the receptor complex itself. They are blocked by bicuculline and usually have modulatory sites sensitive to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA-B receptors act through G-proteins on several effector systems, are insensitive to bicuculline, and have a high affinity for L-baclofen.

An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of betain aldehyde to BETAINE.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hydroxymethyl or formyl groups. EC 2.1.2.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An enzyme bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the oxidation of CHOLINE to BETAINE.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.

COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The balance of fluid in the BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS; total BODY WATER; BLOOD VOLUME; EXTRACELLULAR SPACE; INTRACELLULAR SPACE, maintained by processes in the body that regulate the intake and excretion of WATER and ELECTROLYTES, particularly SODIUM and POTASSIUM.

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/5843)

Entamoeba histolytica is a microaerophilic protozoan parasite in which neither mitochondria nor mitochondrion-derived organelles have been previously observed. Recently, a segment of an E. histolytica gene was identified that encoded a protein similar to the mitochondrial 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60 or chaperonin 60), which refolds nuclear-encoded proteins after passage through organellar membranes. The possible function and localization of the amebic Hsp60 were explored here. Like Hsp60 of mitochondria, amebic Hsp60 RNA and protein were both strongly induced by incubating parasites at 42 degreesC. 5' and 3' rapid amplifications of cDNA ends were used to obtain the entire E. histolytica hsp60 coding region, which predicted a 536-amino-acid Hsp60. The E. histolytica hsp60 gene protected from heat shock Escherichia coli groEL mutants, demonstrating the chaperonin function of the amebic Hsp60. The E. histolytica Hsp60, which lacked characteristic carboxy-terminal Gly-Met repeats, had a 21-amino-acid amino-terminal, organelle-targeting presequence that was cleaved in vivo. This presequence was necessary to target Hsp60 to one (and occasionally two or three) short, cylindrical organelle(s). In contrast, amebic alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and ferredoxin, which are bacteria-like enzymes, were diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol. We suggest that the Hsp60-associated, mitochondrion-derived organelle identified here be named "crypton," as its structure was previously hidden and its function is still cryptic. (+info)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/5843)

Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with glycine, alanine, valine, serine, and with several other model compounds. Isotopically enriched amino acids were employed so that low concentrations could be utilized while still allowing relatively rapid acquisition of spectral data. The results for alanine and serine are particularly noteworthy in that alanine is deaminated to pyruvate and pyruvate is aminated to alanine, but contrary to the enzymatic reactions of various serine dehydratases wherein serine is converted to pyruvate, the nonenzymatic reaction utilizing serine results in hydroxypruvate rather than pyruvate formation. In the reverse reaction, hydroxypyruvate is aminated to serine but very inefficiently relative to the amination of pyruvate to alanine. The experimental results have been formulated into a proposed reaction mechanism for deamination of amino acids by pyridoxal-P. (+info)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (3/5843)

The characterization of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-47 gene recently allowed the identification of a mammalian (gamma)-amino butyric acid (GABA) transporter, presumed to be located in the synaptic vesicle membrane. In situ hybridization data in rat brain suggested that it might also take up glycine and thus represent a general Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter (VIAAT). In the present study, we have investigated the localization of VIAAT in neurons by using a polyclonal antibody raised against the hydrophilic N-terminal domain of the protein. Light microscopy and immunocytochemistry in primary cultures or tissue sections of the rat spinal cord revealed that VIAAT was localized in a subset (63-65%) of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminal boutons; among the VIAAT-positive terminals around motoneuronal somata, 32.9% of them were also immunoreactive for GAD65, a marker of GABAergic presynaptic endings. Labelling was also found apposed to clusters positive for the glycine receptor or for its associated protein gephyrin. At the ultrastructural level, VIAAT immunoreactivity was restricted to presynaptic boutons exhibiting classical inhibitory features and, within the boutons, concentrated over synaptic vesicle clusters. Pre-embedding detection of VIAAT followed by post-embedding detection of GABA or glycine on serial sections of the spinal cord or cerebellar cortex indicated that VIAAT was present in glycine-, GABA- or GABA- and glycine-containing boutons. Taken together, these data further support the view of a common vesicular transporter for these two inhibitory transmitters, which would be responsible for their costorage in the same synaptic vesicle and subsequent corelease at mixed GABA-and-glycine synapses. (+info)

Multiplex sequence analysis demonstrates the competitive growth advantage of the A-to-G mutants of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. (4/5843)

Clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori is due to point mutation within the 23S rRNA. We examined the growth rates of different types of site-directed mutants and demonstrated quantitatively the competitive growth advantage of A-to-G mutants over other types of mutants by a multiplex sequencing assay. The results provide a rational explanation of why A-to-G mutants are predominantly observed among clarithromycin-resistant clinical isolates. (+info)

The role of proline and glycine in determining the backbone flexibility of a channel-forming peptide. (5/5843)

Alamethicin is a helical 20-amino acid voltage-gated channel-forming peptide, which is known to exhibit segmental flexibility in solution along its backbone near alpha-methylalanine (MeA)-10 and Gly-11. In an alpha-helical configuration, MeA at position 10 would normally hydrogen-bond with position 14, but the presence of proline at this position prevents the formation of this interhelical hydrogen bond. To determine whether the presence of proline at position 14 contributes to the flexibility of this helix, two analogs of alamethicin were synthesized, one with proline 14 replaced by alanine and another with both proline 14 and glycine 11 replaced by alanine. The C-termini of these peptides were derivatized with a proxyl nitroxide, and paramagnetic enhancements produced by the nitroxide on the Calpha protons were used to estimate r-6 weighted distances between the nitroxide and the backbone protons. When compared to native alamethicin, the analog lacking proline 14 exhibited similar C-terminal to Calpha proton distances, indicating that substitution of proline alone does not alter the flexibility of this helix; however, the subsequent removal of glycine 11 resulted in a significant increase in the averaged distances between the C- and N-termini. Thus, the G-X-X-P motif found in alamethicin appears to be largely responsible for mediating high-amplitude bending motions that have been observed in the central helical domain of alamethicin in methanol. To determine whether these substitutions alter the channel behavior of alamethicin, the macroscopic and single-channel currents produced by these analogs were compared. Although the substitution of the G-X-X-P motif produces channels with altered characteristics, this motif is not essential to achieve voltage-dependent gating or alamethicin-like behavior. (+info)

NMDA receptor characterization and subunit expression in rat cultured mesencephalic neurones. (6/5843)

1. NMDA-induced changes in free intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were determined in individual cultured rat mesencephalic neurones by the fura-2 method. mRNA expression encoding NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A-D) was examined by RT-PCR. 2. NMDA (1-100 microM, plus 10 microM glycine) induced a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i (EC50 = 5.7 microM). The effect of NMDA was virtually insensitive to tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM) and nitrendipine (1 microM), but dependent on extracellular Ca2+. 5,7-Dichlorokynurenic acid (10 microM), a specific antagonist at the glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor, abolished the NMDA response. 3. Memantine, an open-channel blocker, and ifenprodil, a preferential non-competitive NR1/NR2B receptor antagonist diminished the NMDA effect with an IC50 value of 0.17 and 1 microM, respectively. Ethanol at 50 and 100 mM caused about 25 and 45%-inhibition, respectively. 4. Agarose gel analysis of the PCR products followed by ethidium bromide fluorescence or CSPD chemiluminescence detection revealed an almost exclusive expression of the NR1 splice variants lacking exon (E) 5 and E22. The 3' splice form without both E21 and E22 exceeded that containing E21 by approximately 4 fold. The relative amounts of NR2A, NR2B, NR2C corresponded to approximately 1:2:1. NR2D mRNA was also detectable. 5. In conclusion, mesencephalic neurones bear ethanol-sensitive NMDA receptors which might be involved in the development of ethanol dependence and withdrawal. The high affinity of NMDA to this receptor, its sensitivity to ifenprodil and memantine may suggest that the mesencephalic NMDA receptor comprises the NR1 splice variant lacking E5, NR2B, and NR2C, respectively. (+info)

Antagonist activity of alpha-substituted 4-carboxyphenylglycine analogues at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in CHO cells. (7/5843)

1. We have investigated the antagonist properties of 6 alpha-substituted phenylglycine analogues based on the structure of 4-carboxyphenylglycine (4-CPG) for group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a) permanently expressed in CHO cells. 2. (S)-4-CPG and (S)-MCPG were the most selective mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists. Longer chain alpha-carbon substitutions resulted in a progressive loss of antagonist affinity at mGlu1alpha receptors but not at mGlu5a receptors. Thus mGlu1alpha receptor antagonists require small aliphatic groups at the alpha-position. Alpha-cyclopropyl-4-CPG showed a tendency towards mGlu5a selectivity, suggesting that bulky groups at this position may favour mGlu5a receptor antagonism. 3. We demonstrate that the mGlu5a receptor displays agonist-dependent antagonism. L-glutamate-induced Ca2+ release in mGlu5a receptor expressing cells was more susceptible to antagonism by cyclic alpha-carbon derivatives than (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG)-induced Ca2+ release in the same cell line. 4. The data presented suggests that mGlu1alpha and mGlu5a receptors have different steric and/or conformational requirements for the binding of antagonists and different amino acids which could interact with agonists. 5. These phenylglycine analogues could provide leads for the development of subtype selective antagonists. (+info)

Mechanisms involved in the metabotropic glutamate receptor-enhancement of NMDA-mediated motoneurone responses in frog spinal cord. (8/5843)

1. The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) (10-100 microM) depolarized isolated frog spinal cord motoneurones, a process sensitive to kynurenate (1.0 mM) and tetrodotoxin (TTX) (0.783 microM). 2. In the presence of NMDA open channel blockers [Mg2+; (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK801); 3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantanamine hydrochloride (memantine)] and TTX, trans-ACPD significantly potentiated NMDA-induced motoneurone depolarizations, but not alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionate (AMPA)- or kainate-induced depolarizations. 3. NMDA potentiation was blocked by (RS)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) (240 microM), but not by alpha-methyl-(2S,3S,4S)-alpha-(carboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (MCCG) (290 microM) or by alpha-methyl-(S)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-MAP4) (250 microM), and was mimicked by 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (30 microM), but not by L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) (100 microM). Therefore, trans-ACPD's facilitatory effects appear to involve group I mGluRs. 4. Potentiation was prevented by the G-protein decoupling agent pertussis toxin (3-6 ng ml(-1), 36 h preincubation). The protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (2.0 microM) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide HCI (H9) (77 microM) did not significantly reduce enhanced NMDA responses. Protein kinase C activation with phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (5.0 microM) had no effect. 5. Intracellular Ca2+ depletion with thapsigargin (0.1 microM) (which inhibits Ca2+/ATPase), 1,2-bis(O-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetracetic acid acetyl methyl ester (BAPTA-AM) (50 microM) (which buffers elevations of [Ca2+]i), and bathing spinal cords in nominally Ca2+-free medium all reduced trans-ACPD's effects. 6. The calmodulin antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W7) (100 microM) and chlorpromazine (100 microM) diminished the potentiation. 7. In summary, group I mGluRs selectively facilitate NMDA-depolarization of frog motoneurones via a G-protein, a rise in [Ca2+]i from the presumed generation of phosphoinositides, binding of Ca2+ to calmodulin, and lessening of the Mg2+-produced channel block of the NMDA receptor. (+info)

1. Bone fractures: The most common symptom of OI is an increased risk of fractures, which can occur with minimal trauma or even without any apparent cause.
2. Dental problems: People with OI may have poorly formed teeth, tooth decay, and gum disease.
3. Short stature: Many individuals with OI are short in stature, due to the effects of chronic fractures and pain on growth and development.
4. Muscle weakness: Some people with OI may experience muscle weakness, particularly in the limbs.
5. Joint problems: OI can cause issues with joint mobility and stability, leading to arthritis and other degenerative conditions.
6. Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine is common in people with OI, which can lead to back pain and respiratory problems.
7. Blue sclerae: A distinctive feature of OI is the presence of blue-colored sclerae (the white part of the eye).
8. Other symptoms: Some people with OI may experience hearing loss, vision problems, and delayed development.

There are several types of OI, each caused by a mutation in a specific gene. The most common forms of OI are type I, type II, and type III. Type I is the mildest form and type III is the most severe. There is no cure for OI, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include:

1. Bracing and orthotics: To support weakened bones and improve posture.
2. Physical therapy: To maintain muscle strength and flexibility.
3. Pain management: To reduce the risk of chronic pain and improve quality of life.
4. Dental care: Regular dental check-ups and appropriate treatment to prevent tooth decay and gum disease.
5. Respiratory care: To manage breathing problems and prevent respiratory infections.
6. Monitoring for hearing loss: Regular hearing tests to detect any hearing loss and provide appropriate intervention.
7. Early intervention: To help children with OI develop skills and abilities to their full potential.
8. Genetic counseling: For families with a history of OI, to understand the risks and implications for future pregnancies.

It's important for people with OI to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition and prevent complications. With proper care and support, many people with OI can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glycine. Glycine MS Spectrum Glycine cleavage system Glycine Therapy - A New Direction ... glycine + N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate + H2O In the liver of vertebrates, glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine ... Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). Glycine ... The LD50 of glycine is 7930 mg/kg in rats (oral), and it usually causes death by hyperexcitability. In the US, glycine is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine

... glycine refers to the amino acid glycine; however, the watch company is named for the Wisteria genus of plant (fleur de Glycine ... Altus and Glycine will merge in 1963.) During World War II, Glycine received an order for watches from the German army for its ... Fleur de Glycine was chosen due to its vining growth structure found in a multitude of conditions, similar to Glycine watches, ... In its early years, Glycine used a logo with two flags and "LG" initials for La Glycine and in the 1940s used a crest logo. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_(watch)

The glycine receptor (abbreviated as GlyR or GLR) is the receptor of the amino acid neurotransmitter glycine. GlyR is an ... Xu, Tian-Le; Gong, Neng (August 2010). "Glycine and glycine receptor signaling in hippocampal neurons: Diversity, function and ... In mature adults, glycine is a inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spinal cord and regions of the brain. As it binds to a ... When glycine binds to its receptor, the result is an efflux of chloride, instead of an influx as it happens in mature adults. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_receptor

... , called the woolly glycine or rusty glycine, is a species of soybean found in Australia, New Guinea, New ... Glycine tomentella is a complex of polyploid forms, with 2n=38, 2n=40, 2n=78 and 2n=80 chromosome counts detected in different ... "Glycine tomentella Hayata". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 25 ... Glycine tomentosa occurrence data from GBIF (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, CS1 maint: url-status, Articles with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_tomentella

... , commonly known as the small-leaf glycine is a small scrambling plant in the bean family, found in south ... "Glycine microphylla". PlantNET - NSW Flora Online. Retrieved 25 April 2019. "Glycine microphylla". Flora of Victoria. Retrieved ... Glycine (plant), Flora of New South Wales, Flora of Queensland, Flora of Victoria (Australia), Flora of Tasmania, Flora of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_microphylla

... can refer to: Glycine mollis Hook., a synonym of Rhynchosia malacophylla (Spreng.) Bojer Glycine mollis Wight & ... Glycine mollis Willd., a synonym of Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars This disambiguation page lists articles associated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_mollis

... is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Queensland and New South Wales in Australia ... "Glycine latifolia (Benth.) Newell & T.Hymowitz". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 26 June 2022 ... A perennial, it is a crop wild relative of soybean (Glycine max), and shows resistance to a number of pathogens that afflict ... Horlock, Christine M.; Teakle, D.S.; Jones, R.M. (1997). "Natural infection of the native pasture legume, Glycine latifolia, by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_latifolia

... , commonly known as twining glycine or love creeper, is a scrambling plant in the bean family, found in ... "Glycine clandestina J.C.Wendl". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, ... Glycine (plant), Flora of New South Wales, Flora of Queensland, Flora of Victoria (Australia), Flora of South Australia, Flora ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_clandestina

There are two glycine transporters: glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) and glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2). Excitatory amino acid ... Glycine transporters (GlyTs) are plasmalemmal neurotransmitter transporters. They serve to terminate the signaling of glycine ... transporter GABA transporter Glycine receptor Glycine reuptake inhibitor Harvey RJ, Yee BK (November 2013). "Glycine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_transporter

2010). "Natural introgression from cultivated soybean (Glycine max) into wild soybean (Glycine soja) with the implications for ... Glycine soja, or wild soybean (previously G. ussuriensis) is an annual plant in the legume family. It is the closest living ... doi:10.1007/s10722-009-9513-4. "Glycine soja". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service ( ... for a Future Sorting Glycine names Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glycine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_soja

... (EC 1.4.3.19) is an enzyme with systematic name glycine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating). This enzyme ... Glycine+oxidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 1.4.3). ... Job V, Marcone GL, Pilone MS, Pollegioni L (March 2002). "Glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis. Characterization of a new ... Nishiya Y, Imanaka T (November 1998). "Purification and characterization of a novel glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_oxidase

... may refer to two different species of plants: Glycine viscosa Moench, a synonym for Bolusafra bituminosa ... Glycine viscosa Roth., a synonym for Rhynchosia viscosa This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same full ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_viscosa

In enzymology, a glycine formimidoyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate:glycine N-formimidoyltransferase. Other names in ... the two substrates of this enzyme are 5-formimidoyltetrahydrofolate and glycine, whereas its two products are tetrahydrofolate ... formimidoyltetrahydrofolate + glycine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } tetrahydrofolate + N-formimidoylglycine Thus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_formimidoyltransferase

... , called the silky glycine, is a species of soybean native to Australia. A perennial living across the Outback ... U.S.D.A. 1268: 19 (1962) "Glycine canescens F.J.Herm". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic ... "Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Annual and Perennial Glycine Species". G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 9 (7 ... Glycine (plant), Endemic flora of Australia, Plants described in 1962). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_canescens

Glycine clandestina J.C.Wendl. Glycine curvata Tindale Glycine cyrtoloba Tindale Glycine falcata Benth. Glycine gracei B.E. ... Subgenus Glycine Glycine albicans Tindale & Craven Glycine aphyonota B.E.Pfeil Glycine arenaria Tindale Glycine argyrea Tindale ... Glycine microphylla (Benth.) Tindale Glycine montis-douglas B.E.Pfeil & Craven Glycine peratosa B.E.Pfeil & Tindale Glycine ... B.E.Pfeil Glycine stenophita B.E.Pfeil & Tindale Glycine syndetika B.E.Pfeil & Craven Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. Glycine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_(plant)

In enzymology, a glycine reductase (EC 1.21.4.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl phosphate + NH3 + ... Bednarski B, Andreesen JR, Pich A (2001). "In vitro processing of the proproteins GrdE of protein B of glycine reductase and ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-phosphate ammonia:thioredoxin disulfide oxidoreductase (glycine-forming). ... whereas its 3 products are glycine, phosphate, and thioredoxin. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_reductase

... (clover glycine or Australian anchor plant) is a species of perennial herb endemic to south-eastern ... "Glycine latrobeana - Clover Glycine, Purple Clover". Department of the Environment. Retrieved 2 April 2014. v t e (Articles ... "Glycine latrobeana". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian ... Glycine (plant), Flora of South Australia, Flora of New South Wales, Flora of Tasmania, Flora of Victoria (Australia), Taxa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_latrobeana

Glycine (data page) Glycine may also refer to: Glycine (plant), a genus of plants in the bean family Glycine Watch SA, a Swiss ... Look up glycine or Glycine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Glycine is an amino acid with the chemical formula NH 2CH 2COOH ... watchmaker Glycin, a photographic developing agent This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Glycine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_(disambiguation)

In enzymology, a glycine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glycine + H2O + NAD+ ... the glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), which is another name for the Glycine cleavage system P-protein (EC 1.4.4.2). or ... Glycine dehydrogenase and the glyoxylic acid cycle". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 65 (2): 297-306. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(62)91048-X ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (deaminating). This should not be confused with: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a glycine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glycine + 2-oxoglutarate ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. Other names in common use include glutamic ... This reactions strongly favours synthesis of glycine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the ... This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. Textbook of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_transaminase

... is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. After phenylketonuria, glycine ... All forms of glycine encephalopathy show elevated levels of glycine in the plasma, as well as in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).: ... Glycine is metabolized to final end products of ammonia and carbon dioxide through the glycine cleavage system (GCS), an enzyme ... The glycine cleavage system, which is responsible for glycine metabolism in the mitochondria is made up of four protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_encephalopathy

... thrives in moist soils, loamy clay soils, and does not require shade. The pH level that is best for Glycine ... Glycine tabacina, commonly known as variable glycine, is a scrambling plant in the bean family found in Australia. It grows in ... n.d.). Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth". ITIS Report.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Glycine tabacina. PlantNet. ... Sheather, Warren (2020). "Glycine tabacina, the Glycine Pea". Australian Plants.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_tabacina

The bacterial glycine riboswitch is an RNA element that can bind the amino acid glycine. Glycine riboswitches usually consist ... It is thought that when glycine is in excess it will bind to both aptamers to activate these genes and facilitate glycine ... Page for Glycine riboswitch at Rfam v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, GO ... Glycine-induced expression of the gcvT operon is needed for B. subtilise growth, swarming motility and biofilm formation (in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_riboswitch

In enzymology, a glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.4.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glycine + ... This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Sanders HK, Becker GE, Nason A (1972). "Glycine- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycine:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase (deaminating). This enzyme is also called ... 2 H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are glycine, H2O, and ferricytochrome c, whereas its 4 products are glyoxylate, NH3, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_dehydrogenase_(cytochrome)

A glycine receptor antagonist is a drug which acts as an antagonist of the glycine receptor. Selective Brucine Strychnine Tutin ... Media related to Glycine receptor antagonists at Wikimedia Commons v t e (Commons category link is on Wikidata, Glycine ... Vandenberg, RJ; Handford, CA; Schofield, PR (September 1992). "Distinct agonist- and antagonist-binding sites on the glycine ... "A glycine receptor antagonist, strychnine, blocked NMDA receptor activation in the neonatal mouse neocortex". NeuroReport. 13 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_receptor_antagonist

A colorless solid, it is the product of the phosgenation of glycine. Glycine N-carboxyanhydride is the simplest member of the ... Glycine N-carboxyanhydride is an organic compound with the formula HNCH(CO)2O. ... "The Crystal and Molecular Structure ofN-Carboxy Anhydride of Glycine". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 49 (4): 954- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_N-carboxyanhydride

... regulates IGF-1 homeostasis by altering the binding of IGFBP-3 to IGF-1. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2014 Mar 17 ... Cyclic glycine-proline regulates IGF-1 homeostasis by altering the binding of IGFBP-3 to IGF-1. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2014 Mar 17 ... Cyclic glycine-proline regulates IGF-1 homeostasis by altering the binding of IGFBP-3 to IGF-1. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2014 Mar 17 ... Cyclic glycine-proline regulates IGF-1 homeostasis by altering the binding of IGFBP-3 to IGF-1. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2014 Mar 17 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_glycine-proline

Other names in common use include glycine methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:glycine methyltransferase, and GNMT. This ... In enzymology, a glycine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L- ... Glycine N-methyltransferase belongs to the family of methyltransferase enzymes. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S- ... Pakhomova S, Luka Z, Grohmann S, Wagner C, Newcomer ME (2004). "Glycine N-methyltransferases: a comparison of the crystal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_N-methyltransferase

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A38 gene. SLC25A38 is involved in ... mitochondrial handling of glycine and is needed for the first step in heme synthesis. Mutations in this gene can lead to an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_glycine_transporter

... glycine acetyltransferase, and aminoacetone synthase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It ... In enzymology, a glycine C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acetyl-CoA + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:glycine C-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include 2-amino-3 ... the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and glycine, whereas its two products are CoA and 2-amino-3-oxobutanoate. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_C-acetyltransferase

Find symptoms and other information about Glycine encephalopathy. ... Glycine encephalopathy is caused by changes in the AMT, GLDC or ... Glycine is a chemical messenger that transmits signals in the brain. According to the symptoms the disease onset, Glycine ... Glycine encephalopathy. Other Names: NKA; Non-ketotic hyperglycinemiaNKA; Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia. Read More ... When Do Symptoms of Glycine encephalopathy Begin?. Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as a Newborn and as an Infant. ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7219/glycine-encephalopathy

GLYCINE (UNII: TE7660XO1C) (GLYCINE - UNII:TE7660XO1C) GLYCINE. 1.5 g in 100 mL. ... Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with 1.5% Glycine Irrigation, USP. It is not known whether 1.5% Glycine ... Adverse reactions may result from intravascular absorption of glycine. Large intravenous doses of glycine are known to cause ... Glycine Irrigation, USP must be regarded as a systemic drug. Absorption of large amounts of fluids containing glycine may ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d4665408-04d8-4ad7-8589-708d4defb869&audience=professional

Testing Status of Glycine 10877-J. Testing Status of Glycine 10877-J. CASRN: 56-40-6. Formula: C2-H5-N-O2. Synonyms/Common ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/ts-10877-j

... *Formula: C6H11NO3 ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C6H11NO3/c1-3-5

The glycine receptor is embedded in the membrane of nerve ... connected to the spinal cord (the brainstem). The glycine ... Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is an inherited disorder that ... by abnormally high levels of a molecule called glycine in the body (hyperglycinemia). The excess glycine builds up in tissues ... the glycine cleavage system breaks down a molecule called glycine ... ...

http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=GLYCINE

Find Glycine supplements at Thorne. Ingredients backed by science and research, in forms your body can actually absorb. ...

https://www.thorne.com/products/by-ingredient/glycine

The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. ...

https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501922/?term=GLYCINE

... glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the brain. Explore symptoms, inheritance ... glycine, arginine, and methionine. Specifically, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase controls the first step of the process. In ... Children with arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency may not gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to ... Edvardson S, Korman SH, Livne A, Shaag A, Saada A, Nalbandian R, Allouche-Arnon H, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. l-arginine:glycine ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/arginineglycine-amidinotransferase-deficiency

We use cookies to better understand how you use the Glycine site so that we can personalize content and advertising to improve ...

https://glycine-watch.ch/collections/airpilot

Shop MP Biomedicals Glycine at Thomas Scientific, your trusted partner in Science. Ready to Ship. ... Glycine is commonly used as a component in Tris-glycine and Tris-glycine-SDS running buffers for polyacrylamide gel ... Glycine. * PRODUCT AVAILABILITY: Did you know you can view a products availability right on the product page? Simply enter the ... Glycine does not have a chiral center, so it is the only amino acid with no asymmetric carbon. Therefore, it does not have a D ...

https://www.thomassci.com/Chemicals/Amino-Acids/_/Glycine17?q=Glycine17

... Grant Number: 5R01HL133169-02. PI Name: Allayee. Project ... This administrative supplement seeks to address this question through another 16-week mouse glycine feeding study, whereby ... Since this cardio-protective allele is the major genetic determinant of increased plasma glycine levels in humans, we proposed ... which revealed that subjects carrying the CPS1 glycine-raising allele had both decreased vitamin B12 levels and exhibited the ...

https://ods.od.nih.gov/Funding/abstract.aspx?g=5R01HL133169-02&print=1

Glycine is toxic. Hahn RG. Hahn RG. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2006 Feb;50(2):261-2; author reply 262. doi: 10.1111/j.1399- ... Glycine: a long-sought novel ligand for GPR158. Rosenkilde MM, Mathiesen JM. Rosenkilde MM, et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2023 ... Glycine 1.5% for irrigation should be abandoned. Hahn RG. Hahn RG. Urol Int. 2013;91(3):249-55. doi: 10.1159/000354933. Epub ... Beneficial Effects of the Amino Acid Glycine. Pérez-Torres I, Zuniga-Munoz AM, Guarner-Lans V. Pérez-Torres I, et al. Mini Rev ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?DB=pubmed&term=GLYCINE/PD

Glycine Reagent for Hach Chlorine Dioxide DPD methods. 29mL Self-Contained Dropping Bottle ... Glycine Reagent for Hach Chlorine Dioxide DPD methods. 29mL Self-Contained Dropping Bottle ...

https://www.fondriest.com/hach-glycine-reagent.htm

To further elucidate the possible role of neuroleptics on the metabolism of serine and glycine and the activity of SHMT, we ... The concentrations of serine and glycine and the activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) are abnormal in plasma and ... Abnormal serine-glycine metabolism in the brains of schizophrenics. Waziri R, Baruah S, Sherman AD. Waziri R, et al. Schizophr ... Neuroleptic effects on serine and glycine metabolism S Baruah 1 , R Waziri, A Sherman ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7903868/

reverse D amino acid mouse proline-glycine-proline peptide. Known as: rD-mPGPtide ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/reverse-D-amino-acid-mouse-proline-glycine-proline/2212534

Pre Invicta Glycine Airfighter GMT Chronograph, featuring an automatic movement. BRAND: Glycine MODEL: Airfighter GMT REF: ... Glycine Airman Airfighter Automatic GMT Chronograph Watch 3921.16.LB96B. Product ID: OG-1980 ...

https://oakgem.com/products/glycine-airman-airfighter-automatic-gmt-chronograph-watch-3921-16-lb96b

The glycine in Glycine Sticks helps in the production of the antioxidant glutathione, which supports the immune system. ... Glycine Sticks [3 grams] 30 sticks by Metabolic Maintenance are a supplemental form of glycine that helps increase glycine ... As glycine does not change blood glucose levels, Glycine Sticks [3 grams] 30 sticks by Metabolic Maintenance may offer a ... The glycine in Glycine Sticks [3 grams] 30 sticks by Metabolic Maintenance helps in the production of the antioxidant ...

https://blueskyvitamin.com/products/glycine-sticks-3-grams-30-sticks-metabolic-maintenance

Capryloyl Glycine Market - By Purity (Between 98% - 99%, 99% and above), By Application (Cosmetics, Personal Care, Cosmetics & ... Home , Polymers, Specialty Chemicals and Advanced Materials , Capryloyl Glycine Market , Customize This Report Capryloyl ... Glycine Market - By Purity (Between 98% - 99%, 99% and above), By Application (Cosmetics, Personal Care, Cosmetics & skin care ...

https://www.gminsights.com/roc/5431

SC-49992, a mimetic of the peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-phenylalanine that blocks platelet aggregation, enhances ... SC-49992, a mimetic of the peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-phenylalanine that blocks platelet aggregation, enhances ... SC-49992, a mimetic of the peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-phenylalanine that blocks platelet aggregation, enhances ... SC-49992, a mimetic of the peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-phenylalanine that blocks platelet aggregation, enhances ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/267/3/1191

Urinary Excretion of Nitrogen from 15N-Labelled Amino Acids in the Malnourished and Recovered Child I. Glycine and Lysine W. W ... 1. Glycine and lysine with the α-amino nitrogen labelled with 15N were fed to marasmic and recovered infants. The excretion of ... 3. [15N]Lysine was retained to a greater extent than [15N]glycine in marasmus and after recovery. This difference was more ... Glycine and Lysine. Clin Sci 1 May 1971; 40 (5): 375-380. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs0400375 ...

https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/40/5/375/69290/Urinary-Excretion-of-Nitrogen-from-15N-Labelled?redirectedFrom=fulltext

0.4 for glycine hydrochloride. Both glycine and sodium glycinate seem to work purely as a hydration center without altering the ... Glycine hydrochloride, in addition to the role of hydration center, seems also to act as a typical hydrophilic species such as ... We found N-H to be 7 +/- 0.6 for glycine presumably in the zwitter ion form, 10 +/- 1 for sodium glycinate, and 5 +/- ... An experimental estimate of hydration number, N-H, of glycine in aqueous solution is given by using the calorimetric ...

https://www.chem.ubc.ca/hydration-number-glycine-aqueous-solution-experimental-estimate

Pharmacological screening of glycine amino acid prodrug of acetaminophen. Arun Parashar VNS Faculty of Pharmacy, Neelbud, ... Materials and Methods: Acetaminophen prodrug was synthesized by esterification between the carboxyl group of amino acid glycine ... Parashar A. Pharmacological screening of glycine amino acid prodrug of acetaminophen.Indian J Pharmacol 2015;47:202-205 ... Parashar A. Pharmacological screening of glycine amino acid prodrug of acetaminophen. Indian J Pharmacol [serial online] 2015 [ ...

https://ijp-online.com/printarticle.asp?issn=0253-7613

Prohibited organisms are declared pests by virtue of section 22(1), and may only be imported and kept subject to permits. Permit conditions applicable to some species may only be appropriate or available to research organisations or similarly secure institutions ...

https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/organisms/128302

Computational surface chemistry of glycine on Si(111)7x7 and Si(100)2x1: Dissociative adsorption through adduct formation. ... Publication: Computational surface chemistry of glycine on Si(111)7x7 and Si(100)2x1: Dissociative adsorption through adduct ...

https://www.sharcnet.ca/my/publications/show/2049?back=246

In this study, we investigated the role of 12 contiguous residues of the inhibitory glycine receptor that define the proposed ... Identification of a new ligand binding domain in the alpha1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor. Abstract. Four ... In this study, we investigated the role of 12 contiguous residues of the inhibitory glycine receptor that define the proposed ... A fourth mutant, W94A, failed to give rise to any glycine-activated currents, although cell-surface expression was observed, ...

https://www.garvan.org.au/research/publications/1314

French napkin mimicking the Wisteria flower with its delightful shade of light purple color. It provides a fresh and vivid flair to the room, and it is also a marvelous choice for complementing a celebrative motif, such as birthdays and summer parties. Spring at its best ...

https://www.didriks.com/Garnier-Thiebaut-Glycines-Parme-Napkin

Glycine max, cycloheximide, drought tolerance, genotype, guard cells, leaf conductance, leaves, soil conservation, soybeans, ... The slow-wilting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotype, PI 416937, exhibits a limiting leaf hydraulic conductance for ... Transpiration response of slow-wilting and commercial soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes to three aquaporin ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/453654

La Glycine, room La Menitré in le Maine et Loire, Maine et Loire ... Chambre dhôtes "La Glycine". 6 Route La Malterie - 49250 LA MENITRÉ Maine et Loire. ... Chambre dhôtes "La Glycine" 6 Route La Malterie - 49250 LA MENITRÉ (Maine et Loire). GPS coordinates : 47.38947, -0.25555 ...

https://www.chambres-hotes.fr/chambres-hotes_chambre-d-hotes-la-glycine_la-menitre_44668_en.htm

Hierarchical list of subtaxa Glycine max. Соя культурная, Китайские бобы, Соя крупнейшая, Соя посевная, Соя щетинистая. ...

https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en/page/taxonomy/taxon/17673.html

... (symbol Gly or G;[5] /ˈɡlaɪsiːn/)[6] is an amino acid that has a single carbon atom as its side chain. It is ... In the liver of vertebrates, glycine synthesis is catalyzed by glycine synthase (also called glycine cleavage enzyme). This ... 4 + N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ ⇌ Glycine + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+. Degradation. Glycine is degraded via ... "Glycine , Definition of glycine in English by Oxford Dictionaries".. * R.H.A. Plimmer (1912) [1908]. R.H.A. Plimmer; F.G. ...

http://medbox.iiab.me/kiwix/wikipedia_en_medicine_2019-12/A/Glycine

creatine from the protein building blocks (amino acids) glycine , arginine, and methionine. (nih.gov)
Glycine, which is the smallest of the known amino acids, also helps the body in a variety of other ways. (blueskyvitamin.com)
Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. (iiab.me)

An experimental estimate of hydration number, N-H, of glycine in aqueous solution is given by using the calorimetric methodology developed by us earlier, which is briefly reviewed. (ubc.ca)
In aqueous solution, glycine itself is amphoteric: at low pH the molecule can be protonated with a pK a of about 2.4 and at high pH it loses a proton with a pK a of about 9.6 (precise values of pK a depend on temperature and ionic strength). (iiab.me)

Glycine which enters the systemic circulation is converted to serine and glyoxylic acid. (nih.gov)
Glycine is a non-chiral amino acid that can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid serine by Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase. (thomassci.com)
Expression of D-serine and glycine transporters in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum in schizophrenia. (ox.ac.uk)
The NMDA receptor co-agonists D-serine and glycine are thought to contribute to glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. (ox.ac.uk)
They are removed from the synapse by specific neuronal and glial transporters, the status of which is clearly relevant to theories of D-serine and glycine function in the disorder. (ox.ac.uk)
D-serine is primarily transported by Asc-1, and glycine by GlyT1 but maybe also by SNAT2. (ox.ac.uk)
Correlation between the expression of serine/glycine metabolism-related proteins and clinicopathologic factors in papillary carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
EWS-FLI1 reprograms the metabolism of Ewing sarcoma cells via positive regulation of glutamine import and serine-glycine biosynthesis. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we demonstrate that EWS-FLI1 positively regulates the expression of proteins required for serine - glycine biosynthesis and uptake of the alternative nutrient source glutamine . (bvsalud.org)
Inhibition of serine - glycine biosynthesis in EWS cells impacts their redox state leading to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species , DNA damage , and apoptosis . (bvsalud.org)
In summary, our study demonstrates that EWS-FLI1 reprograms the metabolism of EWS cells and that serine - glycine metabolism or glutamine uptake are potential targetable vulnerabilities in this tumor type. (bvsalud.org)

Glycine max (L.) Merr. (nih.gov)
Transpiration response of 'slow-wilting' and commercial soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. (usda.gov)
The slow-wilting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. (usda.gov)

Under such conditions ammonia resulting from metabolism of glycine may accumulate in the blood. (nih.gov)
Since this cardio-protective allele is the major genetic determinant of increased plasma glycine levels in humans, we proposed a series of integrative clinical, genetics, bioinformatics, and dietary approaches to investigate the role of glycine metabolism in CVD, which was recently funded through NHLBI grant (R01HL133169). (nih.gov)

Glycine encephalopathy is caused by changes in the AMT, GLDC or GCSH genes which result in a deficiency of the enzyme that break-up the glycine. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis is based in the symptoms, the high glycine levels and the enzyme deficiency, as well as genetic testing. (nih.gov)
gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called glycine dehydrogenase. (nih.gov)
GNMT gene provides instructions for producing the enzyme glycine N-methyltransferase. (nih.gov)
The GATM gene provides instructions for making the enzyme arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. (medlineplus.gov)
GATM gene mutations impair the ability of the arginine:glycine amidinotransferase enzyme to participate in creatine synthesis, resulting in a shortage of creatine. (medlineplus.gov)

Glycine encephalopathy is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high levels of an amino acid called glycine. (nih.gov)
by abnormally high levels of a molecule called glycine in the body (hyperglycinemia). (nih.gov)

Children with arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency may not gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive), and have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting and walking. (medlineplus.gov)
The prevalence of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is unknown. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the GATM gene cause arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
glycine, arginine, and methionine. (medlineplus.gov)
Specifically, arginine:glycine amidinotransferase controls the first step of the process. (medlineplus.gov)
In this step, a compound called guanidinoacetic acid is produced by transferring a cluster of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms called a guanidino group from arginine to glycine. (medlineplus.gov)
The effects of arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency are most severe in organs and tissues that require large amounts of energy, especially the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Edvardson S, Korman SH, Livne A, Shaag A, Saada A, Nalbandian R, Allouche-Arnon H, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency: clinical presentation and response to treatment in two patients with a novel mutation. (medlineplus.gov)
8-Guanidino-octanoyl-aspartic acid-phenylalanine (SC-49992), a mimetic of the tetrapeptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-phenylalanine, is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. (aspetjournals.org)

According to the symptoms the disease onset, Glycine encephalopathy may be divided in 4 forms. (nih.gov)
When Do Symptoms of Glycine encephalopathy Begin? (nih.gov)
In addition, they have provided animal models for two hereditary human diseases, glycine encephalopathy and hyperekplexia. (nih.gov)

glycine amidinotransferase deficiency is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the brain. (nih.gov)

In this study, we investigated the role of 12 contiguous residues of the inhibitory glycine receptor that define the proposed ""loop A"" ligand binding domain. (garvan.org.au)
Glycine is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter - interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a Clostridium tetani infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction. (iiab.me)

The extracellular concentrations of glycine are regulated by Na+/Cl(-)-dependent glycine transporters (GlyTs), which are expressed in neurons and adjacent glial cells. (nih.gov)

As a bifunctional molecule, glycine reacts with many reagents. (iiab.me)

part, the alpha (α)1 subunit, of the glycine receptor protein. (nih.gov)

Glycine has multiple neurotransmitter functions in the central nervous system (CNS). (nih.gov)

Each liter contains 15 g Glycine, USP (NH 2 CH 2 COOH) in water for injection. (nih.gov)

Unchanged GlyT1 suggests that glycine transport is not markedly affected in schizophrenia, and therefore that increased synaptic removal is not the basis for the putative deficit in glycine modulation of NMDA receptors in the disorder. (ox.ac.uk)

We confirmed the physiological relevance of these observations to humans using bioinformatics analyses with publicly available genetic data, which revealed that subjects carrying the CPS1 glycine-raising allele had both decreased vitamin B12 levels and exhibited the same pattern of hematological perturbations observed in glycine-fed mice. (nih.gov)
An overview of Genetic Toxicology Bacterial Mutagenicity study conclusions related to Glycine (56-40-6). (nih.gov)
Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Glycine in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. (nih.gov)

Glycine is also cogenerated as an impurity in the synthesis of EDTA, arising from reactions of the ammonia coproduct. (iiab.me)

1. Glycine and lysine with the α-amino nitrogen labelled with 15 N were fed to marasmic and recovered infants. (portlandpress.com)
3. [ 15 N]Lysine was retained to a greater extent than [ 15 N]glycine in marasmus and after recovery. (portlandpress.com)

The role of the glycine triad in human glutathione synthetase. (nih.gov)
The glycine in Glycine Sticks [3 grams] 30 sticks by Metabolic Maintenance helps in the production of the antioxidant glutathione, which supports the immune system. (blueskyvitamin.com)

A fourth mutant, W94A, failed to give rise to any glycine-activated currents, although cell-surface expression was observed, suggesting that this residue may also be involved in agonist binding. (garvan.org.au)

Glycine hydrochloride, in addition to the role of hydration center, seems also to act as a typical hydrophilic species such as polyols, urea, or polyethylene glycols. (ubc.ca)

Glycine Sticks [3 grams] 30 sticks by Metabolic Maintenance are a supplemental form of glycine that helps increase glycine levels in the body. (blueskyvitamin.com)

Of note, the same CPS1 variant was also recently reported as being associated with reduced platelet count, suggesting that decreased thrombotic potential could be another athero-protective consequence of genetically elevated glycine levels in humans. (nih.gov)

Glycine is commonly used as a component in Tris-glycine and Tris-glycine-SDS running buffers for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a component of Towbin's transfer buffer for Western blots, a buffer substance in cryoenzymology, in osmotic pressure maintenance in isoelectric focusing of erythrocytes, salting-in effect in protein chemistry, and as a buffer component in the coupled phosphatase-kinase reaction for end labelling of restriction fragments. (thomassci.com)
SHARCNET: Publication: Computational surface chemistry of glycine on Si(111)7x7 and Si(100)2x1: Dissociative adsorption through adduct formation. (sharcnet.ca)
Publication: Computational surface chemistry of glycine on Si(111)7x7 and Si(100)2x1: Dissociative adsorption through adduct formation. (sharcnet.ca)

Although glycine can be isolated from hydrolyzed protein, this is not used for industrial production, as it can be manufactured more conveniently by chemical synthesis. (iiab.me)

Transient form: Symptoms are similar to the classic form, but glycine levels decrease and the symptoms may improve within time. (nih.gov)
As part of the studies proposed in R01HL133169, we conducted a 16-week feeding study in apolipoprotein-E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, which resulted in 2-fold increased plasma glycine levels, and are currently in the process of completing the molecular, metabolomics, and atherosclerosis-related experiments. (nih.gov)
This administrative supplement seeks to address this question through another 16-week mouse glycine feeding study, whereby blood counts and plasma vitamin B12 levels will be measured on a weekly basis, followed by quantification of hepatic vitamin B12 content at the end of the dietary study. (nih.gov)
As glycine does not change blood glucose levels, Glycine Sticks [3 grams] 30 sticks by Metabolic Maintenance may offer a sweetener solution to people with hypoglycemia. (blueskyvitamin.com)

We found N-H to be 7 +/- 0.6 for glycine presumably in the zwitter ion form, 10 +/- 1 for sodium glycinate, and 5 +/- 0.4 for glycine hydrochloride. (ubc.ca)
Glycine is integral to the formation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure due to its compact form. (iiab.me)

This protein is one of four enzymes that work together in a group called the glycine cleavage system. (nih.gov)
that work together in a group called the glycine cleavage system. (nih.gov)

In the present study, chemopreventive potential of Glycine max (G. Max) seeds was examined against DMBA-induced skin and MCA-induced cervical papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. (who.int)

Glycine does not have a chiral center, so it is the only amino acid with no asymmetric carbon. (thomassci.com)
Both glycine and sodium glycinate seem to work purely as a hydration center without altering the nature of the bulk H2O away from the hydration shell. (ubc.ca)

Glycine functions as a bidentate ligand for many metal ions. (iiab.me)

We use cookies to better understand how you use the Glycine site so that we can personalize content and advertising to improve your user experience. (glycine-watch.ch)

Taken together, these exciting new results have led our project in a new direction that suggest another potential atheroprotective mechanism of glycine is through lowering of platelets and leukocytes, which could be mediated through a mechanism involving vitamin B12-availability/absorption. (nih.gov)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Chemomodulatory potential of Glycine max against murine skin and cervical papillomagenesis. (who.int)
Singh M, Mendez E, Rao A Ramesha, Kale R K. Chemomodulatory potential of Glycine max against murine skin and cervical papillomagenesis. (who.int)

The body produces glycine. (blueskyvitamin.com)

For 500ml of 2.5 M glycine dissolve 93.8g in water to 500ml. (openwetware.org)

Glycine is a chemical messenger that transmits signals in the brain. (nih.gov)

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with 1.5% Glycine Irrigation, USP. (nih.gov)

Acetaminophen prodrug was synthesized by esterification between the carboxyl group of amino acid glycine and hydroxyl group of acetaminophen. (ijp-online.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/5843)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/5843)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (3/5843)

Multiplex sequence analysis demonstrates the competitive growth advantage of the A-to-G mutants of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. (4/5843)

The role of proline and glycine in determining the backbone flexibility of a channel-forming peptide. (5/5843)

NMDA receptor characterization and subunit expression in rat cultured mesencephalic neurones. (6/5843)

Antagonist activity of alpha-substituted 4-carboxyphenylglycine analogues at group I metabotropic glutamate receptors expressed in CHO cells. (7/5843)

Mechanisms involved in the metabotropic glutamate receptor-enhancement of NMDA-mediated motoneurone responses in frog spinal cord. (8/5843)

No images available that match "glycine"

Glycine

Receptors, Glycine

Glycine Agents

Glycine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Glycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating)

Strychnine

Glycine N-Methyltransferase

Glycine Decarboxylase Complex H-Protein

Betaine

Glycine Decarboxylase Complex

Soybeans

Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase

Sarcosine

Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral

Amino Acids

Molecular Sequence Data

Taurine

Amino Acid Sequence

Aminomethyltransferase

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases

Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Kynurenic Acid

Alanine

Serine

Receptors, Neurotransmitter

Kinetics

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Glycine Dehydrogenase

Amidinotransferases

Mutation

Proline

RNA, Transfer, Gly

Base Sequence

Hippurates

Tiopronin

Glyoxylates

Picrotoxin

Glycine Transaminase

Aminobutyrates

Transferases

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Aspartic Acid

beta-Alanine

Receptors, GABA

Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

GABA Antagonists

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Benzoic Acid

Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases

Binding Sites

Glutamic Acid

N-Methylaspartate

Neurons

Carrier Proteins

Glutamates

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Escherichia coli

Bicuculline

Structure-Activity Relationship

Choline Dehydrogenase

Models, Molecular

Amino Acid Substitution

Xenopus laevis

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Osmotic Pressure

Protein Conformation

Oocytes

Neural Inhibition

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Carbon Isotopes

Biological Transport

Cloning, Molecular

Water-Electrolyte Balance

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/5843)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (2/5843)

Presence of the vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter in GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic terminal boutons. (3/5843)

Multiplex sequence analysis demonstrates the competitive growth advantage of the A-to-G mutants of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. (4/5843)

The role of proline and glycine in determining the backbone flexibility of a channel-forming peptide. (5/5843)

NMDA receptor characterization and subunit expression in rat cultured mesencephalic neurones. (6/5843)