Glycerol. Medical search

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glycerol 3-phosphate from ATP and glycerol. Dihydroxyacetone and L-glyceraldehyde can also act as acceptors; UTP and, in the case of the yeast enzyme, ITP and GTP can act as donors. It provides a way for glycerol derived from fats or glycerides to enter the glycolytic pathway. EC 2.7.1.30.

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

A ketotriose compound. Its addition to blood preservation solutions results in better maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels during storage. It is readily phosphorylated to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by triokinase in erythrocytes. In combination with naphthoquinones it acts as a sunscreening agent.

GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.

Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2. and EC 1.1.99.

A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.

GLYCEROL esterified with a single acyl (FATTY ACIDS) chain.

Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.

A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.

Aquaporin 3 is an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCTS and is constitutively localized at the basolateral MEMBRANE.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Compounds in which one or more of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; one or two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol may be esterified. These compounds have been found in various animal tissue.

Derivatives of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol). They are used as humectants and solvents in pharmaceutical preparations.

Biosynthesis of GLUCOSE from nonhexose or non-carbohydrate precursors, such as LACTATE; PYRUVATE; ALANINE; and GLYCEROL.

FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15.

The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydration of 1,2-propanediol to propionaldehyde. EC 4.2.1.28.

Bacterial polysaccharides that are rich in phosphodiester linkages. They are the major components of the cell walls and membranes of many bacteria.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed)

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

LIPOLYSIS of stored LIPIDS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE to release FREE FATTY ACIDS. Mobilization of stored lipids is under the regulation of lipolytic signals (CATECHOLAMINES) or anti-lipolytic signals (INSULIN) via their actions on the hormone-sensitive LIPASE. This concept does not include lipid transport.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Salts and esters of the 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--lauric acid.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.

A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped to ellipsoidal bacteria occurring singly or in pairs and found in flowers, soil, honey bees, fruits, cider, beer, wine, and vinegar. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A nitrogen-free class of lipids present in animal and particularly plant tissues and composed of one mole of glycerol and 1 or 2 moles of phosphatidic acid. Members of this group differ from one another in the nature of the fatty acids released on hydrolysis.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Type species of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM, a gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. It is used as a source of PROBIOTICS.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A nonreducing disaccharide composed of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE linked via their anomeric carbons. It is obtained commercially from SUGARCANE, sugar beet (BETA VULGARIS), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.

An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.

Acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins. (1/4138)

Renal micropuncture studies have greatly changed our views on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins. Formerly, this type of renal insufficiency was attributed to a direct effect of the nephrotoxins on tubule epithelial permeability. According to that theory, glomerular filtration was not greatly diminished, the filtrate formed being absorbed almost quantitatively and nonselectively across damaged tubule epithelium. Studies in a wide variety of rat models have now shown glomerular filtration to be reduced to a level which will inevitably cause renal failure in and of itself. Passive backflow of filtrate across tubular epithelium is either of minor degree or nonexistent even in models where frank tubular necrosis has occurred. This failure of filtration cannot be attributed to tubular obstruction since proximal tubule pressure is distinctly subnormal in most models studied. Instead, filtration failure appears best attributed to intrarenal hemodynamic alterations. While certain facts tend to incriminate the renin-angiotensin system as the cause of the hemodynamic aberrations, others argue to the contrary. The issue is underactive investigation. (+info)

Dietary control of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis in rat liver slices. (2/4138)

1. The effect of dietary manipulation on the synthesis of triglycerides and phospholipids was investigated by determining the incorporation of labeled long-chain fatty acid or glycerol into these lipids in liver slices derived from normally fed, fasted, and fat-free refed rats. 2. Triglyceride synthesis was affected markedly by the dietary regime of the animal; the lowest rates were measured with fasted rats, and the highest ones with fat-free refed rats. 3. In contrast to triglyceride synthesis, phospholipid synthesis occured at virtually constant rates regardless of the dietary conditions. 4. Addition of large amounts of fatty acid to the incubation mixture resulted in a marked stimulation of triglyceride synthesis, whereas phospholipid synthesis was affected to a much smaller extent. 5. These results indicate that the synthesis of triglycerides and that of phospholipids are controlled independently, and that the availability of fatty acid in the cell contributes to the control of triglyceride synthesis. (+info)

Improved antibody detection by the use of range expansion and longer filter wavelength in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate Auto-Analyzer system. (3/4138)

Range expansion, achieved by insertion of a variable resistance between the colorimeter and the recorder together with the use of 550 nm colorimeter filters, has resulted in markedly improved sensitivity for antibody detection, and improved sample identification, in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate (LISPS) system. Range expansion also permits a lower concentration of red cells to be used, thus economizing on fully typed cells. Glycerol stored frozen cells were found to be only slightly less sensitive than fresh cells in this system. (+info)

Isocitrate lyase of Ashbya gossypii--transcriptional regulation and peroxisomal localization. (4/4138)

The isocitrate lyase-encoding gene AgICL1 from the filamentous hemiascomycete Ashbya gossypii was isolated by heterologous complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae icl1d mutant. The open reading frame of 1680 bp encoded a protein of 560 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 62584. Disruption of the AgICL1 gene led to complete loss of AgIcl1p activity and inability to grow on oleic acid as sole carbon source. Compartmentation of AgIcl1p in peroxisomes was demonstrated both by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and by immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections using specific antibodies. This fitted with the peroxisomal targeting signal AKL predicted from the C-terminal DNA sequence. Northern blot analysis with mycelium grown on different carbon sources as well as AgICL1 promoter replacement with the constitutive AgTEF promoter revealed a regulation at the transcriptional level. AgICL1 was subject to glucose repression, derepressed by glycerol, partially induced by the C2 compounds ethanol and acetate, and fully induced by soybean oil. (+info)

Redundant systems of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis via acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/4138)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipid particles harbor two acyltransferases, Gat1p and Slc1p, which catalyze subsequent steps of acylation required for the formation of phosphatidic acid. Both enzymes are also components of the endoplasmic reticulum, but this compartment contains additional acyltransferase(s) involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid (K. Athenstaedt and G. Daum, J. Bacteriol. 179:7611-7616, 1997). Using the gat1 mutant strain TTA1, we show here that Gat1p present in both subcellular fractions accepts glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate. Similarly, the additional acyltransferase(s) present in the endoplasmic reticulum can acylate both precursors. In contrast, yeast mitochondria harbor an enzyme(s) that significantly prefers dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a substrate for acylation, suggesting that at least one additional independent acyltransferase is present in this organelle. Surprisingly, enzymatic activity of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase, which is required for the conversion of 1-acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate to 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid), is detectable only in lipid particles and the endoplasmic reticulum and not in mitochondria. In vivo labeling of wild-type cells with [2-3H, U-14C]glycerol revealed that both glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be incorporated as a backbone of glycerolipids. In the gat1 mutant and the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase slc1 mutant, the dihydroxyacetone phosphate pathway of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis is slightly preferred as compared to the wild type. Thus, mutations of the major acyltransferases Gat1p and Slc1p lead to an increased contribution of mitochondrial acyltransferase(s) to glycerolipid synthesis due to their substrate preference for dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (+info)

The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (6/4138)

The alk genes are located on the OCT plasmid of Pseudomonas oleovorans and encode an inducible pathway for the utilization of n-alkanes as carbon and energy sources. We have investigated the influence of alternative carbon sources on the induction of this pathway in P. oleovorans and Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. In doing so, we confirmed earlier reports that induction of alkane hydroxylase activity in pseudomonads is subject to carbon catabolite repression. Specifically, synthesis of the monooxygenase component AlkB is repressed at the transcriptional level. The alk genes have been cloned into plasmid pGEc47, which has a copy number of about 5 to 10 per cell in both E. coli and pseudomonads. Pseudomonas putida GPo12 is a P. oleovorans derivative cured of the OCT plasmid. Upon introduction of pGEc47 in this strain, carbon catabolite repression of alkane hydroxylase activity was reduced significantly. In cultures of recombinant E. coli HB101 and W3110 carrying pGEc47, induction of AlkB and transcription of the alkB gene were no longer subject to carbon catabolite repression. This suggests that carbon catabolite repression of alkane degradation is regulated differently in Pseudomonas and in E. coli strains. These results also indicate that PalkBFGHJKL, the Palk promoter, might be useful in attaining high expression levels of heterologous genes in E. coli grown on inexpensive carbon sources which normally trigger carbon catabolite repression of native expression systems in this host. (+info)

Characterization of the exopolygalacturonate lyase PelX of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. (7/4138)

Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 secretes several pectinolytic enzymes, among which eight isoenzymes of pectate lyases with an endo-cleaving mode (PelA, PelB, PelC, PelD, PelE, PelI, PelL, and PelZ) have been identified. Two exo-cleaving enzymes, the exopolygalacturonate lyase, PelX, and an exo-poly-alpha-D-galacturonosidase, PehX, have been previously identified in other E. chrysanthemi strains. Using a genomic bank of a 3937 mutant with the major pel genes deleted, we cloned a pectinase gene identified as pelX, encoding the exopolygalacturonate lyase. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 3937 PelX is very similar to the PelX of another E. chrysanthemi strain, EC16, except in the 43 C-terminal amino acids. PelX also has homology to the endo-pectate lyase PelL of E. chrysanthemi but has a N-terminal extension of 324 residues. The transcription of pelX, analyzed by gene fusions, is dependent on several environmental conditions. It is induced by pectic catabolic products and affected by growth phase, oxygen limitation, nitrogen starvation, and catabolite repression. Regulation of pelX expression is dependent on the KdgR repressor, which controls almost all the steps of pectin catabolism, and on the global activator of sugar catabolism, cyclic AMP receptor protein. In contrast, PecS and PecT, two repressors of the transcription of most pectate lyase genes, are not involved in pelX expression. The pelX mutant displayed reduced pathogenicity on chicory leaves, but its virulence on potato tubers or Saintpaulia ionantha plants did not appear to be affected. The purified PelX protein has no maceration activity on plant tissues. Tetragalacturonate is the best substrate of PelX, but PelX also has good activity on longer oligomers. Therefore, the estimated number of binding subsites for PelX is 4, extending from subsites -2 to +2. PelX and PehX were shown to be localized in the periplasm of E. chrysanthemi 3937. PelX catalyzed the formation of unsaturated digalacturonates by attack from the reducing end of the substrate, while PehX released digalacturonates by attack from the nonreducing end of the substrate. Thus, the two types of exo-degrading enzymes appeared complementary in the degradation of pectic polymers, since they act on both extremities of the polymeric chain. (+info)

Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: effect of glucose ingestion. (8/4138)

1. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate whether glucose ingestion during prolonged exercise reduces whole body muscle glycogen oxidation, (2) to determine the extent to which glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized during exercise with and without carbohydrate ingestion and (3) to obtain an estimate of gluconeogenesis. 2. After an overnight fast, six well-trained cyclists exercised on three occasions for 120 min on a bicycle ergometer at 50 % maximum velocity of O2 uptake and ingested either water (Fast), or a 4 % glucose solution (Lo-Glu) or a 22 % glucose solution (Hi-Glu) during exercise. 3. Dual tracer infusion of [U-13C]-glucose and [6,6-2H2]-glucose was given to measure the rate of appearance (Ra) of glucose, muscle glycogen oxidation, glucose carbon recycling, metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and non-oxidative disposal of glucose. 4. Glucose ingestion markedly increased total Ra especially with Hi-Glu. After 120 min Ra and rate of disappearance (Rd) of glucose were 51-52 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Fast, 73-74 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Lo-Glu and 117-119 micromol kg-1 min-1 during Hi-Glu. The percentage of Rd oxidized was between 96 and 100 % in all trials. 5. Glycogen oxidation during exercise was not reduced by glucose ingestion. The vast majority of glucose disappearing from the plasma is oxidized and MCR increased markedly with glucose ingestion. Glucose carbon recycling was minimal suggesting that gluconeogenesis in these conditions is negligible. (+info)

Comparison with glycerol[edit]. Because they feel similar when applied to human skin, there is a common misconception that ... Glycerol is an alcohol that is strongly hydrophilic (water-attracting): by continuously absorbing moisture from the air ( ... petroleum jelly and glycerol (glycerine) are physically similar. Petroleum jelly is a non-polar hydrophobic (water-repelling) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E905b

Glycerol 0.6 4.3 0.56 180% 3 HSH 0.4-0.9 3.0 0.52-1.2 83-190% 35 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_alcohol

Glycerols. Hidden categories: *Use dmy dates from November 2010. *Template:drugs.com link with non-standard subpage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannitol

Glycerol C4H6(OH)4 Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol Erythritol,. Threitol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol

... when it was synthesized from ethylene dichloride in Germany and used as a substitute for glycerol in the explosives industry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyleneglycol

Glycerol. 20. 63.00 n-Hexane. 20. 18.40 Hydrochloric acid 17.7 M aqueous solution. 20. 65.95 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension

Example of an unsaturated fat triglyceride (C55H98O6). Left part: glycerol; right part, from top to bottom: palmitic acid, ... Glycerolipids are composed of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted glycerols,[28] the best-known being the fatty acid triesters of ... The hydrolysis of the ester bonds of triglycerides and the release of glycerol and fatty acids from adipose tissue are the ... For a century, chemists regarded "fats" as only simple lipids made of fatty acids and glycerol (glycerides), but new forms were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

... has about the same sweetness as sucrose,[8] but more sweetness than similar compounds like sorbitol and mannitol.[5] It has a glycemic index of 7 (100 for glucose).[10] Because xylitol and other polyols are heat stable, they do not caramelise as sugars do, and they also lower the freezing point of mixtures in which they are used.[11] No health risk exists for normal levels of consumption, and the European Food Safety Authority has not set a limit on daily intake of xylitol. Due to the adverse laxative effect that all polyols have on the digestive system in high doses, xylitol is banned from soft drinks in the EU. Similarly due to a 1985 report, by the EU Scientific Committee on Food, stating that "ingesting 50 g a day of xylitol can cause diarrhea", tabletop sweeteners containing xylitol are required to display the warning: "excessive consumption may induce laxative effects".[12] Chewing gum containing xylitol is permitted.[13] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E967

Glycerol. 41.2, 47, 42.5 (0, 20, 25 °C) Water. 87.9, 80.2, 55.5. (0, 20, 100 °C)[8]. for visible light: 1.77 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_permittivity

... is a sugar substitute, a type of sugar alcohol used primarily for its sugar-like physical properties. It has little to no impact on blood sugar levels, and does not stimulate the release of insulin.[1] It also does not promote tooth decay, i.e. is tooth-friendly. Its energy value is 2 kcal/g, half that of sugars.[2] However, like most sugar alcohols, it carries a risk of gastric distress, including flatulence and diarrhea, when consumed in large quantities (above about 20-30 g per day).[1] Isomalt may prove upsetting to the intestinal tract because it is incompletely absorbed in the small intestine, and when polyols pass into the large intestine, they can cause osmotically induced diarrhea[3] and stimulate the gut flora, causing flatulence.[1] As with other dietary fibers, regular consumption of isomalt can lead to desensitisation, decreasing the risk of intestinal upset.[1] Isomalt can be blended with high-intensity sweeteners such as sucralose, giving a mixture that has the same ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomalt

glycerol. 47.95. 200.62. formic acid. 66.05. 276.35. acetic acid. 45.90. 192.09. acetone. 23.42. 97.99. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion

PA is a unique phospholipid in that it has a small highly charged head group that is very close to the glycerol backbone. PA is ... Phosphatidic acid consists of a glycerol backbone, with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated ... Phosphatidic acids are phospholipids which on hydrolysis give rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two ... In mammalian and yeast cells, two different pathways are known for the de novo synthesis of PA, the glycerol 3-phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

Shown in red - choline and phosphate group; black - glycerol; green - monounsaturated fatty acid; blue - saturated fatty acid. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

from glycerol:. *Glycerol kinase. *Glycerol dehydrogenase. Regulatory. *Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase

from glycerol:. *Glycerol kinase. *Glycerol dehydrogenase. Regulatory. *Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphatase

After saponification was completed, the resulting glycerol was left in the batch. Batches were made not in huge pans, but in ... During production at Port Sunlight the glycerol (glycerine) content was a result of not removing that formed during the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pears_Soap

... and glycerol from lipolysis.[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cori_cycle

glycerol tritbdms. 82112-23-0 See also[edit]. *List of compounds with carbon number 20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compounds_with_carbon_number_21

A16AX09 Glycerol phenylbutyrate. A16AX10 Eliglustat. A16AX11 Sodium benzoate. A16AX12 Trientine. A16AX13 Uridine triacetate. ... QA16QA03 Glycerol. QA16QA04 Ammonium lactate. QA16QA05 Clanobutin. QA16QA06 Monensin. QA16QA52 Sodium propionate, combinations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_A16

One initiative in the UK is The Glycerol Challenge.[79] Usually this crude glycerol has to be purified, typically by performing ... in order to separate the fatty acids from the glycerol by replacing the glycerol with short linear alcohols. This appears to be ... "Biofuels and Glycerol". theglycerolchallenge.org. Archived from the original on 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2008-07-09.. ... The refined glycerol (98%+ purity) can then be utilised directly, or converted into other products. The following announcements ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylester_biodiesel

A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol ... Synthesis of diacylglycerol begins with glycerol-3-phosphate, which is derived primarily from dihydroxyacetone phosphate, a ... Type of fat derived from glycerol and two fatty acids. .mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column ... it will usually contain a saturated fatty acid at the C-1 position on the glycerol moiety and an unsaturated fatty acid at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglyceride

Freely soluble in water ; soluble in glycerol ; sparingly soluble in ethanol (96%); practically insoluble in chloroform, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibrompropamidine

It is the triester of glycerol and acetylating agents, such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride.[6] It is a colorless, viscous ... Gupta, Mayank; Kumar, Naveen "Scope and opportunities of using glycerol as an energy source" Renewable & Sustainable Energy ... "Catalytic role of solid acid catalysts in glycerol acetylation for the production of bio-additives: a review". RSC Advances. 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceryl_triacetate

Tin-Glycerol 3-fosfaat + NAD+ ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. Glycerone fosfaat + NADH + H+ Glycerol-3- ... Glycerol + NAD+ ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. Glycerone + NADH + H+ Glyceroldehydrogenase 1.1.1.7 Propaan-1,2-diol 1- ...

https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidoreductase

... and the glycerol left in acts as a moisturizing agent. However, the glycerine also makes the soap softer. Addition of glycerol ... Glycerol (glycerin) is liberated. The glycerin can remain in the soap product as a softening agent, although it is sometimes ... The glycerol is left during the hot-process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reaction is practically completed ... A variety of methods are available for hobbyists to make soap.[35] Most soapmakers use processes where the glycerol remains in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase. *CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_Polymerase

0.92, (0.90 in 30% glycerol). [9] Bacillus subtilis. 0.91. [7] Staphylococcus aureus. 0.86. [10] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_activity

d-erythro-imidazole-glycerol-phosphate. After, His3 forms imidazole acetol-phosphate releasing water. His5 then makes l- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Histidine

Free glycerol, % by mass, max 0.02 ASTM D 6584 - xvi Total glycerol, % by mass, max 0.25 ASTM D 6584 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Stage_emission_standards

The α subunits catalyze the reversible formation of indole and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from indole-3-glycerol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryptophan_synthase

Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol ... Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.[3] It takes the form ... Glycerol monostearate Cheminfo *^ The British Pharmacopoeia Secretariat (2009). "Index, BP 2009" (PDF). Archived from the ... Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase. It is present at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol_monostearate

Glycerol-1-phosphatase removes the phosphate group of glycerol 3-phosphate to generate glycerol, allowing glycerol fermentation ... Glycerol 1-phosphate, sometimes called as D-glycerol 3-phosphate, is an enantiomer of glycerol 3-phosphate. Most organisms use ... sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate[1] is a phosphoric ester of glycerol, which is a component of glycerophospholipids. Equally appropriate ... Main article: Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenases are located both in the cytosol and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol_3-phosphate

... glycerol (CHEBI:17754). glycerol monomycolate (C85) (CHEBI:90345) has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754). glycerol ... glycerol (CHEBI:17754). glycerol ether (CHEBI:24353) has functional parent glycerol (CHEBI:17754). glycerol mono(keto- ... glycerol (CHEBI:17754) has role solvent (CHEBI:46787) glycerol (CHEBI:17754) is a alditol (CHEBI:17522) glycerol (CHEBI:17754) ... glycerol (CHEBI:17754) has role algal metabolite (CHEBI:84735) glycerol (CHEBI:17754) has role detergent (CHEBI:27780) glycerol ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:131422

... glycerol and fatty acids, atkins recipes for pork chops, extreme weight loss diet meal plan, weight training routine for ... Glycerol and fatty acids,what healthy foods are high in carbs,juice diet book recipes,eat this not that restaurant salads - For ... Triacylglycerols are synthesized from three fatty acids joined together by one glycerol molecule.. We also have Bitesize study ...

http://s3.amazonaws.com/dietrecipeez/glycerol-and-fatty-acids.html

Glycerol kinase (EC:2.7.1.30) is a bacterial sugar kinase which catalyzes the Mg-ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol to ... X-Ray structure of glycerol kinase complexed with an ATP analog implies a novel mechanism for the ATP-dependent glycerol ... studies suggest a nucleophilic in-line transfer mechanism for the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol by glycerol kinase ... yield glycerol 3-phosphate. The enzyme from Escherichia coli is an allosteric regulatory enzyme whose activity is inhibited by ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR005999

The glycerol stock consists of a mixture of the bacteria in broth with glycerol at an 80 percent to 20 percent ratio. The stock ... This is because of the glycerol, which prevents the water in the broth from forming ice crystals that can puncture and kill the ... When a scientist requires more plasmid DNA, they simply scrape a bit of the glycerol stock into fresh broth, let the bacteria ... Glycerol stocks can be stored in the freezer for years if not decades without affecting the bacteria. ...

https://everything2.com/title/glycerol+stock

Other names: Tricaprylin; Octanoin, tri-; Caprylic acid triglyceride; Caprylin; Glycerol trioctanoate; Glyceryl trioctanoate; ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C538238&

Glycerol vzniká pri saponifikácii alebo transesterifikácii. Saponifikácia[upraviť , upraviť zdroj]. Hlavným zdrojom glycerolu ... Glycerol, alebo glycerín, systematickým názvom propán-1,2,3-triol, je hygroskopická bezfarebná viskózna kvapalina bez zápachu, ... Glycerol sa používa o. i. v kozmetických výrobkoch, hlavne ako prísada v hydratačných krémoch a mydlách, ako prísada do zubných ... Glycerol je slabo jedovatý. V menších dávkach spôsobuje bolesti hlavy, žalúdočné problémy a zvracanie. Vo väčších dávkach môže ...

https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol

How glycerol works is not totally clear; we know that the kidneys dont excrete glycerol rapidly, so the glycerol stays in the ... How to Ingest Glycerol. There is minimal research and no consensus on the best strategy for glycerol ingestion. The greatest ... Glycerol intake increased pre-exercise body water by 730 ml and decreased urine volume by 670 ml. During the glycerol trial, ... So what is glycerol, and how does it work?. Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule similar to alcohol. It occurs naturally in the ...

http://www.sportsci.org/traintech/glycerol/rar.htm

Glycerol 3-palmitate; Glyceryl palmitate; Palmitic acid «alpha»-monoglyceride; 1-Monopalmitin; Glycerol «alpha»-palmitate; 1- ... Other names: Hexadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; Palmitin, 1-mono-; «alpha»-Monopalmitin; Glycerol 1-monopalmitate; ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C19H38O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-19

Learn more about Glycerol uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that ... Some people apply glycerol to the skin as a moisturizer.. Eye doctors sometimes put a solution that contains glycerol in the ... Rectally, glycerol is used as a laxative.. How does it work?. Glycerol attracts water into the gut, softening stools and ... Glycerol seems to be safe for most adults. When taken by mouth, glycerol can cause side effects including headaches, dizziness ...

https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-4/glycerol

... on a glycerol substrate. The method requires culturing bacteria hav ... In one embodiment, glycerol fermentation was optimized by culturing E. coli with 10 g/L glycerol at pH 6.3 with 0.6 mM ... Incorporation of glycerol into proteinogenic biomass was assessed by fermenting 50% U-13C-labeled glycerol in E. coli. After 3 ... Glycerol Fermentation and Effect of Medium Composition. Although it is believed that glycerol metabolism in E. coli is ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0186392.html

... Charles Kosan kosanc at caelab1.cae.wisc.edu Tue Jun 21 10:24:28 EST 1994 *Previous ... I would really appreciate it if you could inform me where I can find a similar method for glycerol, or any other methods you ... Hi everyone! I am looking for a rapid method to screen glycerol-producing microorganisms. There are about 12000 candidates I ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/bioforum/1994-June/009654.html

An oxidation of glycerol affords mesoxalic acid.[31]. Vibration dampingEdit. Glycerol is used as fill for pressure gauges to ... Glycerol has also been incorporated as a component of bio-ink formulations in the field of bioprinting.[22] The glycerol ... Synthetic glycerolEdit. Although usually not cost-effective, glycerol can be produced by various routes from propylene. The ... For human consumption, glycerol is classified by the U.S. FDA among the sugar alcohols as a caloric macronutrient. Glycerol is ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol

Glycerol Glycerol kinase ATP ADP Glycerol-3-phosphate Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase NAD+ NADH NAD+ NADH Dihydroxyacetone ... An oxidation of glycerol affords mesoxalic acid. Dehydrating glycerol affords hydroxyacetone. Glycerol is used as fill for ... Glycerol is mainly metabolized in the liver. Glycerol injections can be used as a simple test for liver damage, as its rate of ... Glycerol is also used in blood banking to preserve red blood cells prior to freezing. Glycerol is a component of glycerin soap ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol

Make research projects and school reports about glycerol easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... glycerol (glycerine; propane-1,2,3,-triol) A trihydric alcohol, HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. Glycerol is a colourless sweet-tasting ... Glycerol can also be obtained during the fermentation of sugars if sodium bisulfite is added with the yeast. Glycerol is widely ... Glycerol itself is used as an antifreeze molecule by certain organisms.. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/organic-chemistry/glycerol

Check with your doctor right away if you have burning, tingling, numbness or pain in the hands, arms, feet, or legs, headache, lightheadedness, confusion, memory problems, sleepiness or unusual drowsiness, change or loss of taste, hearing loss, or unusual tiredness or weakness. These maybe symptoms of more serious problems. Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/glycerol-phenylbutyrate-oral-route/precautions/drg-20060818

Find Complete Details about Glycerol,Glycerol from Alcohol & Hydroxybenzene & Ether Supplier or Manufacturer-FSSH Chemicals Co ... China mono glycerol China glycerol powder China glycerol chemicals China glycerol india China refined glycerol China glycerol ... 1,2,3-propanetriol; 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane; D-glycerol; glycyl alcohol; Glycerin mist; glyceritol; Glycerol; L-glycerol; ... 1.Name: Glycerol 2.Appearance: colorless, transparent, odorless and viscose liquid with sweet taste; can absorb moisture ...

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Glycerol_113879045.html

2001, TRS 909-JECFA 57/98, COMPENDIUM ADDENDUM 9/FNP 52 Add.9/150. EVALUATION AS A FLAVOURING AGENT NOT FINALIZED AT THE FIFTY-SEVENTH MEETING (2001); FURTHER INFORMATION REQUIRED TO DETERMINE WHETHER THIS SUBSTANCE IS IN CURRENT USE AS A FLAVOURING AGENT. N,T ...

http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_928.htm

Solvent. Humectant. Plasticizer. Emollient. In manufacture of nitroglycerol, cosmetics, soaps, medication, liqueurs, confectioneries, blacking, printing, inks, glues, lubricants. Associated with tobacco: reported either as a natural component of tobacco, pyrolysis product (in tobacco smoke), or additive for one or more types of tobacco products.. ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/status/agents/ts-10878-n.html

Glycerol phenylbutyrate binds with other substances in the liver and kidneys to help eliminate nitrogen from the body. Excess ... Glycerol phenylbutyrate will not treat hyperammonemia.. Glycerol phenylbutyrate is usually given together with a low-protein ... What is glycerol phenylbutyrate?. Glycerol phenylbutyrate binds with other substances in the liver and kidneys to help ... What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking glycerol phenylbutyrate?. You should not use glycerol ...

https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medications/glycerol-phenylbutyrate-d08005a1

Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol 3-phosphate: ATP + glycerol ... sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol ... This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is: Phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol 3- ... Glycerol Kinase Glycerol+Kinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Selwood T, Jaffe EK ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol_kinase

Diphosphatidyl glycerol synonyms, Diphosphatidyl glycerol pronunciation, Diphosphatidyl glycerol translation, English ... dictionary definition of Diphosphatidyl glycerol. n. A phospholipid usually obtained from beef heart, used in combination with ... redirected from Diphosphatidyl glycerol). Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia. car·di·o·lip·in. (kär′dē-ō-lĭp′ĭn). n.. A ... Diphosphatidyl glycerol - definition of Diphosphatidyl glycerol by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/ ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Diphosphatidyl+glycerol

Use of glycerol phenylbutyrate is not indicated in children younger than 2 months of age. ... Liver disease, moderate to severe-Higher blood levels of glycerol phenylbutyrate may result and increase the risk of side ... which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving glycerol phenylbutyrate. ... studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of glycerol ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/glycerol-phenylbutyrate-oral-route/before-using/drg-20060818

A Moderate Drug Interaction exists between Dvorah and glycerol phenylbutyrate. View detailed information regarding this drug ... acetaminophen glycerol phenylbutyrate Applies to: Dvorah (acetaminophen / caffeine / dihydrocodeine) and glycerol ... dihydrocodeine glycerol phenylbutyrate Applies to: Dvorah (acetaminophen / caffeine / dihydrocodeine) and glycerol ... Glycerol phenylbutyrate may increase the blood levels and effects of acetaminophen. You may need a dose adjustment or more ...

https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/dvorah-with-glycerol-phenylbutyrate-26-19049-3452-0.html

Easy-to-read patient leaflet for Glycerol Phenylbutyrate. Includes indications, proper use, special instructions, precautions, ... Glycerol Phenylbutyrate. Generic Name: Glycerol Phenylbutyrate (GLI ser ole fen il BYOO ti rate). Brand Name: Ravicti ... What do I need to tell my doctor BEFORE I take Glycerol Phenylbutyrate?. *If you have an allergy to glycerol phenylbutyrate or ... Those who have feeding tubes may use glycerol phenylbutyrate. Use as you have been told. Flush the feeding tube after glycerol ...

https://www.drugs.com/cdi/glycerol-phenylbutyrate.html

A process for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to produce propylene glycol as the major product comprising contacting the ... glycerol with hydrogen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst under conditi ... glycerol. -. final. ⁢. ⁢. moles. ⁢. ⁢. of. ⁢. ⁢. glycerol. ). Initial. ⁢. ⁢. moles. ⁢. ⁢. of. ⁢. ⁢. ⁢. glycerol. ×. 100. (. 1. ... glycerol. -. final. ⁢. ⁢. moles. ⁢. ⁢. of. ⁢. ⁢. glycerol. ). Initial. ⁢. ⁢. moles. ⁢. ⁢. of. ⁢. ⁢. ⁢. glycerol. ×. 100. (. 1. ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/9464015.html

Glycerol kinase is an enzyme that is important in the process of lipolysis, or the breakdown of proteins. Without glycerol ... The glycerol targeted by glycerol kinase usually comes from the breakdown of triglycerides for energy. Glycerol kinase is ... Although glycerol cannot be used directly in the glycolysis pathway, glycerol phosphate can, and is an essential intermediate ... which makes a compound called glycerol phosphate. Since glycerol kinase catalyzes this phosphate group transfer, it is part of ...

https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-glycerol-kinase.htm

Assay measures glycerol using the enzymes glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in a coupled reaction scheme ... Glycerol Release from Adipocytes The Glycerol-Glo™ Assay can be used with cultured cells, including 3D cell culture models, ... Rapid and Sensitive Glycerol Detection in Biological Samples The Glycerol-Glo™ Assay is a bioluminescent assay for rapid and ... The Glycerol-Glo™ Assay measures glycerol in a coupled reaction scheme that links the production of NADH to the activation of a ...

https://www.promega.com/products/energy-metabolism/lipid-metabolism-assay/glycerol-glo-assay/

Find the most comprehensive real-world treatment information on Glycerol Injections at PatientsLikeMe. 2 patients with ... bipolar I disorder or psoriasis currently have Glycerol Injections. ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/treatment/8321-glycerol-injections-side-effects-and-efficacy

Glycerol, also referred to as glycerin, glycyl alcohol or 1,2,3-propanetriol, features three hydroxyl groups in its structure, each one of these groups being attached to one of the three carbon atoms. (reference.com)
What Is the Difference Between Glycerin and Glycerol? (reference.com)
Glycerin and glycerol are two different products although they can be confused as being one and the same. (reference.com)
In its raw state, glycerol can be converted into vegetable glycerin. (reference.com)
Glycerol is a clear, colorless, and sweet-tasting, viscous liquid also frequently referred to as glycerin or glycerine. (hypertextbook.com)
Glycerol is a chemical compound also commonly called glycerin or glycerine . (wikidoc.org)
This paper presents results from thermal analysis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) plasticized with glycerin, where effects from the high purity glycerin (glycerol) and other additives to glycol were studied. (scielo.br)
The actual amount of glycerol in crude glycerin may range from 75 percent to 90 percent. (farmanddairy.com)
Glycerol (or glycerine, glycerin) is a polyol compound. (thomassci.com)

Despite the interest in the effects of glycerol on athletic performance, to date there are only six published studies on the effects of glycerol on exercise, and two published studies on the effects of glycerol ingestion on body fluids. (sportsci.org)
Bjorvell H, Hylander B, Rossner S. Effects of glycerol addition to diet in weight-reducing clubs. (webmd.com)
This is to track the outcome of the pregnancy and to evaluate any effects of glycerol phenylbutyrate on the baby. (cigna.com)
The effects of glycerol on total body water when used during rehydration are less well defined, due to the limited studies conducted. (springer.com)
In order to test this rationale, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of glycerol hyperhydration on plasma volume, haemoglobin, and haematocrit in comparison to administration of fluid only. (nih.gov)
The Panel concluded that glycerol has low acute toxicity and that local irritating effects of glycerol in the gastrointestinal tract reported in some gavage studies was likely due to hygroscopic and osmotic effects of glycerol. (europa.eu)

11. The method of claim 10, wherein a native glycerol dehydrogenase-dihydroxyacetone kinase pathway is overexpressed, a pta and a frdA are inactivated, the glycerol is crude glycerol and the medium further comprises corn steep liquor, but not tryptone. (freepatentsonline.com)
Glycerol from triglycerides is produced on a large scale, but the crude product is of variable quality, with a low selling price of as low as 2-5 U.S. cents per kilogram in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
Crude glycerol from the hydrolysis of triglycerides can be purified by treatment with activated carbon to remove organic impurities, alkali to remove unreacted glycerol esters, and ion exchange to remove salts. (wikipedia.org)
For every pound of biodiesel, approximately 0.1 pounds of crude glycerol is produced as a byproduct. (uidaho.edu)
Dealing with the excessive crude glycerol from biodiesel production is now becoming a dilemma to the industry. (uidaho.edu)
The crude glycerol possesses is very low value due to the impurities present. (uidaho.edu)
Once considered a valuable co-product, crude glycerol is rapidly becoming a waste product with an attached disposal cost. (greencarcongress.com)
Crude glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, was evaluated as a potential green inhibitor for steel corrosion in an acidic environment. (mdpi.com)
The study was conducted using steel specimens placed in hydrochloric acid solutions (0.5 M) at a constant room temperature (25 °C) and crude glycerol concentrations in the range 0.1%-1.0% w/w. (mdpi.com)
Ibrahim, H. Crude Glycerol as an Innovative Corrosion Inhibitor. (mdpi.com)
For example, in 2007, the refined glycerol price was painfully low, approximately 30 cents/lb. (compared to 70 cents/lb. before the expansion of biodiesel production) in the U.S. Accordingly, the price of crude glycerol decreased from about 25 cents/lb. to 5 cents/lb. (feedstuffs.com)
There is a great deal of interest in developing new markets for crude glycerol, and the animal feed industry is one potential large-volume market. (feedstuffs.com)
The experimental treatments consisted of either 0% (GLYC-0), 4% (GLYC-4) or 8% (GLYC-8) crude glycerol added to the diet. (feedstuffs.com)
The crude glycerol was obtained from a commercial biodiesel production facility that used sunflower, corn and soybean oil in the production of biodiesel. (feedstuffs.com)
The crude glycerol was analyzed to contain 82.6% glycerol, 0.03% methanol, 11.8% moisture, 0.64% crude protein, 0.1% ether extract and 4.81% ash. (feedstuffs.com)
This has led to a glut of crude glycerol in the market, making the epichlorohydrin process no longer economical. (wikidoc.org)
Every gallon of biodiesel produced will general about 0.75 pounds of crude glycerol. (farmanddairy.com)
Crude glycerol from biodiesel production will contain unused catalyst (e.g. sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), methanol and salts. (farmanddairy.com)
So, additional research is needed to determine the variation in composition of crude glycerol, including the concentration of contaminates that are of particular risk to animal health. (farmanddairy.com)
Once these are better identified, more defined feeding guidelines for crude glycerol can be established based on not only the nutritional value of the ingredient, but also the limitations due to the impurities that may cause some risks. (farmanddairy.com)

glycerol A trihydric alcohol, chemically 1,2,3‐propane triol (CH 2 OHCHOHCH 2 OH), also known as glycerine. (encyclopedia.com)
But glycerol / vegetable glycerine is also hygroscopic. (physicsforums.com)
Thus, in the interest of maintaining glycerine value, glycerol ethers, which are the reaction product of isobutylene and glycerine, have been suggested as components in diesel fuel. (sae.org)

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking glycerol phenylbutyrate? (cigna.com)

Glycerol monostearate , commonly known as GMS , is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase . (wikipedia.org)

What is the most important information I should know about glycerol phenylbutyrate? (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate should not be given to a child under 2 months old. (cigna.com)
What is glycerol phenylbutyrate? (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate binds with other substances in the liver and kidneys to help eliminate nitrogen from the body. (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate helps prevent a build-up of ammonia in the blood in people with urea cycle disorder. (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate will not treat hyperammonemia. (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate is usually given together with a low-protein diet and sometimes dietary supplements. (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (cigna.com)
You should not use glycerol phenylbutyrate if you are allergic to it. (cigna.com)
It is not known whether glycerol phenylbutyrate passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. (cigna.com)
How should I take glycerol phenylbutyrate? (cigna.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate is usually taken 3 times per day. (cigna.com)
If you are unable to swallow, you may take glycerol phenylbutyrate through a nasogastric (NG) or gastric feeding tube as follows: After measuring the correct dose in the oral syringe, attach it to the feeding tube and push the plunger down to empty the syringe into the tube. (cigna.com)
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of glycerol phenylbutyrate in children. (mayoclinic.org)
Use of glycerol phenylbutyrate is not indicated in children younger than 2 months of age. (mayoclinic.org)
However, elderly patients are more likely to have kidney or liver problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving glycerol phenylbutyrate. (mayoclinic.org)
Liver disease, moderate to severe-Higher blood levels of glycerol phenylbutyrate may result and increase the risk of side effects. (mayoclinic.org)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate may increase the blood levels and effects of acetaminophen. (drugs.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate may increase the blood levels and effects of dihydrocodeine. (drugs.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate can affect your nervous system. (everydayhealth.com)
Glycerol phenylbutyrate can affect other drugs you take, which may increase side effects or make those medications less effective. (everydayhealth.com)
Certain other drugs can affect your blood levels of ammonia, making glycerol phenylbutyrate less effective or causing hyperammonemia. (everydayhealth.com)

Glycerol is the byproduct of the manufacture of biodiesel, which is made from animal fat or soybeans. (reference.com)
Glycerol which is a byproduct of biodiesel production is considered as a potential feedstock for syngas production with the increase of biodiesel demand. (aiche.org)
GLYCEROL is the primary byproduct generated in the conversion of vegetable oils to biodiesel. (feedstuffs.com)
The fatty acids are the integral part of the fuel, but the glycerol is a byproduct from the process. (farmanddairy.com)
So, with the increased availability of glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production, it is being investigated as a feed ingredient for dairy cattle. (farmanddairy.com)

Triacylglycerols are synthesized from three fatty acids joined together by one glycerol molecule. (amazonaws.com)
Glycerol is a three-carbon molecule similar to alcohol. (sportsci.org)
It works by transferring a phosphate group from ATP, which is the main molecule the human body uses for energy, to a glycerol molecule, which makes a compound called glycerol phosphate. (wisegeek.com)
The increase of glycerol content causes a depletion of clusters leading to smaller 3-5 molecule clusters domination. (diva-portal.org)

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol is generally obtained from plant and animal sources where it occurs in triglycerides , esters of glycerol with long-chain carboxylic acids. (wikipedia.org)
Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap . (wikipedia.org)
Simple or neutral fats are esters of glycerol with three molecules of fatty acid , i.e. triacylglycerols, sometimes known as triglycerides. (encyclopedia.com)
The hydrolysis, saponification, or transesterification of these triglycerides produces glycerol as well as the fatty acid derivative: Triglyceride 3 NaOH / H 2O Δ 3 × soap 3 × glycerol Triglycerides can be saponified with sodium hydroxide to give glycerol and fatty sodium salt or soap. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol kinase, encoded by the gene GK, is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in triglycerides and glycerophospholipids synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
The glycerol targeted by glycerol kinase usually comes from the breakdown of triglycerides for energy. (wisegeek.com)
On question 145, the graph depicts a steady increase in plasma glycerol over time, which is attributed to the action of beta oxidation of triglycerides occurring steadily over time. (studentdoctor.net)
Since glycerol forms the backbone of triglycerides , it is produced on saponification or transesterification . (wikidoc.org)

These problems can include, but are not limited to, abnormally high blood pH and high levels of glycerol in blood and urine . (wisegeek.com)
The diets were formulated to provide nearly equal nutrient contents associated with the three levels of glycerol. (feedstuffs.com)
Current levels of glycerol production are running at about 350,000 tons per annum in the USA, and 600,000 tpa in Europe. (wikidoc.org)

Glycerol kinase is important in metabolism because it allows glycerol to be used in the glycolysis pathway, the body's main pathway for deriving energy. (wisegeek.com)
Glycerol is an intermediate compound that plays an important part in the metabolism of carbohydrates. (reference.com)
Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism. (abcam.com)
Editorial overview: Molecular and genetic basis of [metabolic] disease: Genes, glucose, glycerol and girth: metabolism in our DNA. (harvard.edu)
Comparative transcriptome analyses of L. monocytogenes showed high-level transcriptional upregulation of the genes known to be involved in glycerol uptake and metabolism ( glpFK and glpD ) in the presence of glycerol (compared to that in the presence of glucose and/or cellobiose). (asm.org)
Transcriptional downregulation in the presence of glycerol (compared to those in the presence glucose and cellobiose) was observed for several genes and operons that are positively regulated by glucose, including genes involved in glycolysis, N metabolism, and the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. (asm.org)

It is also synthesized by phosphorylating glycerol generated upon hydrolyzing fats with glycerol kinase , and can feed into glycolysis or glyconeogenesis pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Various glycerol pathways. (greencarcongress.com)
Discover related pathways, diseases and genes to Glycerol Kinase. (novusbio.com)

Glycerol generally appears as a clear, colorless and syrupy liquid, but it can also appear in solid state when the temperature is lower than 17 degrees Celsius. (reference.com)
Glycerol is an odorless, colorless and sweet-tasting viscous liquid, even at low environmental temperatures. (farmanddairy.com)

a small amount is also present in body fluids as free glycerol. (sportsci.org)

DHAP and thus glycerol 3-phosphate is also possible to be synthesized from amino acids and citric acid cycle intermediates via glyceroneogenesis pathway. (wikipedia.org)

Growing demand for glycerol esters as effective alternatives to conventional petroleum based products from cosmetics & personal care industry is expected to be one of the key factors that fuelling the growth of global glycerol esters market. (openpr.com)
Furthermore, increasing demand for glycerol esters from lubricant industry which in turn is related to growing automotive industry is expected to set positive outlook for the global glycerol esters market over the forecast period. (openpr.com)
With the growing consumption of glycerol esters in antifogging agents as well as textile chemicals are the other factors driving the growth of global glycerol esters market. (openpr.com)
However, relatively more complex production process coupled with corresponding relatively higher production cost is expected to be one of the major restraining factors for the growth of global glycerol esters market over the forecast period. (openpr.com)
Global glycerol esters market can be segmented based on end-use industry and region. (openpr.com)
On the basis of end-use industry, global glycerol esters market can be segmented as cosmetic & personal care, lubricant & greases, metal working, plastics & polymers, textile, and other miscellaneous industries. (openpr.com)
On the basis of region, global glycerol esters market can be segmented as North America, Latin America, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe. (openpr.com)
Together, these two regions account for a major share in global glycerol esters market. (openpr.com)
Also, Middle East & Africa and Latin America, accounting for a relatively smaller share in overall global glycerol esters market, are expected to register steady growth in glycerol esters consumption over the forecast period. (openpr.com)
Global glycerol esters market is highly fragmented with a large number of small scale participants in developing countries. (openpr.com)
Examples of some of the market participants in the global glycerol esters market include Oleon NV, Stepan Company, BASF SE, Croda International Plc. (openpr.com)

In eukaryotes , it is first acylated on its sn -1 position by an ER- or mitochondrial membrane enzyme, glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase , and another acyl group is then added on the sn -2 position making phosphatidic acids . (wikipedia.org)
The enzyme from Escherichia coli is an allosteric regulatory enzyme whose activity is inhibited by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and the glucose-specific phosphocarrier of the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system, IIA(Glc), structural studies suggest a nucleophilic in-line transfer mechanism for the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol by glycerol kinase [ PMID: 10364471 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Glycerol kinase is an enzyme that is important in lipolysis , or the breakdown of proteins. (wisegeek.com)
Bacteria also have a version of glycerol kinase, and a deficiency in the enzyme results in the same pattern as that observed in humans, where the bacteria are unable to use glycerol. (wisegeek.com)
It is readily absorbed and is converted to glucose for energy production in the liver of animals by the enzyme glycerol kinase. (feedstuffs.com)
Glycerol is used to prevent freezing during enzyme and bacterial preparations. (thomassci.com)

Glycerol 3-phosphate is synthesized by reducing dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a glycolysis intermediate, with glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase . (wikipedia.org)
Converted from glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) via glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) catalyzes the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and L-glycerol-3-phosphate. (rcsb.org)

Glycerol is a common component of solvents for enzymatic reagents stored at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius due to the depression of the freezing temperature of solutions with high concentrations of glycerol. (wikidoc.org)

Because of the large-scale production of biodiesel from fats, where glycerol is a waste product, the market for glycerol is depressed. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol is present in the form of its esters (glycerides) in all animal and vegetable fats and oils. (encyclopedia.com)
It provides a way for glycerol derived from fats or glycerides to enter the glycolytic pathway. (novusbio.com)

Glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) are molecules so small that they can permeate the mitochondrial outer membrane through porins and shuttle between two dehydrogenases. (wikipedia.org)

Glycerol has three hydroxyl groups that are responsible for its solubility in water and its hygroscopic nature. (wikipedia.org)
Owing to the presence of three hydroxyl groups, glycerol is miscible with water and is hygroscopic in nature. (wikipedia.org)

Glycerol 3-phosphate is a starting material for de novo synthesis of glycerolipids . (wikipedia.org)
Chlorine-free processes from propylene include the synthesis of glycerol from acrolein and propylene oxide . (wikipedia.org)
Dante Simonetti from the University of Wisconsin described work that puts glycerol through a two-step process involving low-temperature catalytic conversion to a syngas (H 2 and CO) and subsequent Fischer-Tropsch or methanol synthesis. (greencarcongress.com)
Refined glycerol has an established market for thousands of uses that vary from cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to the starting point for the synthesis of other chemicals. (feedstuffs.com)
In organic synthesis , glycerol is used as a readily available prochiral building block. (wikidoc.org)
Four homologous isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), each the product of a separate gene, catalyze the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid from glycerol-3-phosphate and long-chain acyl-CoA. (nih.gov)
Multiple isoforms catalyze each step in the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway of TAG synthesis. (nih.gov)

I think you would be better off to recover your methanol from the glycerol, you could easily build a solar still for that purpose, you live in an area where it is mostly warm. (infopop.cc)
Bamboo residues were liquefied in a mixture of glycerol and methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid using microwave energy. (usda.gov)
We investigated the effects of liquefaction conditions, including glycerol/methanol ratio, liquefaction temperature, and reaction time on the conversion yield. (usda.gov)

A non-alkoxide sol-gel route to highly active and selective Cu-Cr catalysts for glycerol conversion", J. Mater. (freepatentsonline.com)
Biodiesel derived glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2-propanediol on Cu/MgO catalysts", Bioresour. (freepatentsonline.com)
Glycerol hydrogenolysis on heterogenous catalysts", Green. (freepatentsonline.com)
Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol over copper catalysts both in liquid and vapour phase: Correlation between the copper surface area and the catalyst's activity", Appl. (freepatentsonline.com)
Surface and structural properties of titania-suported Ru catalysts for hydrogenolysis of glycerol", Appl. (freepatentsonline.com)
The group found that gas mixtures of H 2 and CO can be produced at high rates and selectivities from glycerol over platinum-based bi-metallic catalysts at temperatures (e.g., 500 K to 620 K) that are significantly lower compared to conventional gasification of biomass. (greencarcongress.com)
A team from Spain presented experimental results indicating the catalysts they tested are all able to convert the glycerol completely with values very close to the theoretical results predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium. (greencarcongress.com)
Glycerol has been selectively converted into 1,2-propandiol in the presence of dihydrogen and heterogeneous Pt-based catalysts. (nsti.org)
In fact, the catalysts were more active using pure glycerol instead of the one obtained from rapeseed, where strong deactivation phenomena were present. (mdpi.com)

Glycerol Kinase (alternative name, ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase or Glycerokinase) adopts a ribonuclease H-like fold consisting of an alpha-beta 2-layer sandwich of CATH family 3.30.420.40. (wikipedia.org)

citation needed] As a food additive, glycerol is labeled as E number E422. (wikipedia.org)
The ANS Panel provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of glycerol (E 422) used as a food additive. (europa.eu)
The Panel concluded that there is no need for a numerical ADI and no safety concern regarding the use of glycerol (E 422) as a food additive at the refined exposure assessment for the reported uses. (europa.eu)
The Panel also concluded that the manufacturing process of glycerol should not allow the production of a food additive, which contains genotoxic and carcinogenic residuals at a level which would result in a margin of exposure below 10,000. (europa.eu)

Most laboratories get around this problem by creating "glycerol stocks" of the initial transformed bacteria. (everything2.com)
The glycerol stock consists of a mixture of the bacteria in broth with glycerol at an 80 percent to 20 percent ratio. (everything2.com)
When a scientist requires more plasmid DNA, they simply scrape a bit of the glycerol stock into fresh broth, let the bacteria divide, and isolate the plasmid DNA from the resulting population. (everything2.com)
Glycerol stocks can be stored in the freezer for years if not decades without affecting the bacteria. (everything2.com)
The invention relates to the development of appropriate cultivation conditions for a bacteria to grow anaerobically (fermentatively) on a glycerol substrate. (freepatentsonline.com)
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is an antimicrobial agent that has potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. (nih.gov)
Monocaprin (glycerol monocaprate) is used in the development of antimicrobial disinfectants active against enveloped viruses, and certain yeast and bacteria such as candida albicans and campylobacter. (sigmaaldrich.com)
It was my understanding that glycerol is added to a culture prior to freezing to help prevent ice crystal formation, therefore there is no need to have glycerol added to refrigerated stocks, however I do agree with tsng that long term storage of bacteria at 4C is unadvisable. (protocol-online.org)
The bacteria in the rumen (first stomach compartment) can use glycerol to primarily produce propionate and the propionate will be converted to glucose by the liver of the cow. (farmanddairy.com)

and glycerol as a feedstock for microbial hydrogen production. (greencarcongress.com)

As an adult laxative for constipation: The common dose of glycerol is a 2-3 grams in suppository form or a 5-15 mL enema. (webmd.com)
The Panel conservatively estimated the lowest oral dose of glycerol required for therapeutic effect to be 125 mg/kg bw per hour and noted that infants and toddlers can be exposed to that dose by drinking less than the volume of one can (330 mL) of a flavoured drink. (europa.eu)

The rapid increase in global biodiesel production is resulting in a worldwide surplus of glycerol, which is generated as a by-product of transesterification. (greencarcongress.com)
The large-scale production of biodiesel has led to a surplus of glycerol, so the new commercial uses of this co-product are being sought. (astm.org)

Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at high heating rate (90 °C/min) and inert atmosphere, we observed a decrease in the melting temperature of PAN (from 290 °C to 217 °C) owing to the presence of glycerol. (scielo.br)
In a defined minimal medium, the growth rate (during balanced growth) in the presence of glycerol is similar to that in the presence of glucose or cellobiose. (asm.org)
Additional genes whose transcription levels were higher in the presence of glycerol than in the presence of glucose and cellobiose included those for two dihydroxyacetone (Dha) kinases and many genes that are under carbon catabolite repression control. (asm.org)

Similarly, a combination of biodiesel and glycerol ethers has been suggested as an additive to diesel fuel. (sae.org)
The highly anticipated 2nd Edition is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding whether biodiesel and glycerol refineries are convenient and economically sound. (rsc.org)

In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the production, structure and applications of glycerol. (novapublishers.com)

To study the effects of water on conformational dynamics of polyalcohols, Molecular Dynamics simulations of glycerol water liquid mixtures have been carried out at different concentrations: 42.9 and 60.0 wt 96 of glycerol, respectively. (diva-portal.org)
Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen were lower with diets containing glycerol and cows consuming 10 percent or 15 percent glycerol gained more weight than cows not fed glycerol. (farmanddairy.com)

Glycerol Hyperhydration to Beat the Heat? (sportsci.org)
investigated whether glycerol hyperhydration altered sweating, regulation of body temperature, and cardiovascular function during exercise in a hot environment (42°C and 25% relative humidity). (sportsci.org)
These findings indicated that glycerol hyperhydration could improve evaporative cooling of the body during exercise in a hot environment. (sportsci.org)
Glycerol-containing beverages create an osmotic gradient in the circulation favouring fluid retention, thereby facilitating hyperhydration and protecting against dehydration. (springer.com)
Many studies have shown that increases in body water by 1L or more are achievable through glycerol hyperhydration. (springer.com)
This article analyses the evidence for glycerol use in facilitating hyperhydration and rehydration, and provides guidelines for athletes wishing to use this compound. (springer.com)
Hyperhydration with glycerol solutions. (springer.com)
Because glycerol hyperhydration may also be misused to mask the effects of blood doping on doping-relevant parameters, namely haemoglobin and haematocrit, glycerol has been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency since 2010. (nih.gov)
In comparison with other plasma-volume expanding agents, glycerol hyperhydration has a very limited potential in increasing plasma volume and altering doping-relevant blood parameters. (nih.gov)

Glycerol-1-phosphatase removes the phosphate group of glycerol 3-phosphate to generate glycerol , allowing glycerol fermentation to produce glycerol from glucose through glycolysis pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Since glycerol kinase catalyzes this phosphate group transfer, it is part of a class of enzymes called phosphotransferase enzymes. (wisegeek.com)
These are compounds containing a glycerol linked to a phosphate group. (drugbank.ca)

Global Info Research offers a latest published report on Glycerol Esters Market Analysis and Forecast 2019-2025 delivering key insights and providing a competitive advantage to clients through a detailed report. (openpr.com)

anyone know where i can get pure glycerol? (anabolicminds.com)

This epichlorohydrin is then hydrolyzed to give glycerol. (wikipedia.org)

Since glycerol is so hard to pipet, my protocol was to make a sterile stock of "freezing medium," which was 30% warmed-up sterile glycerol (50 degrees C, makes it flow better) in sterile broth. (protocol-online.org)

Owing to oversupply, efforts are being made to convert glycerol to synthetic precursors, such as acrolein and epichlorohydrin. (wikipedia.org)
The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. (rsc.org)

When glycerol is ingested, it is absorbed and increases the concentration (technical term: osmolarity or tonicity) of the fluid in the blood and tissues. (sportsci.org)
Because glycerol does not easily penetrate the brain and eyes, the increased concentration of glycerol in the blood following glycerol ingestion helps to remove excess fluid from these organs by a process known as osmosis. (sportsci.org)
The two-step process can also serve as an energy-efficient alternative to processes used to convert starch-based materials to fuel-grade ethanol, because glycerol can be produced in high concentration (e.g., 30 wt%) by fermentation of glucose. (greencarcongress.com)
The typical glycerol H-bond network still exists even at the lower concentration of 40 wt % of glycerol. (diva-portal.org)
The parameter that has the largest impact on the process profitability is the glycerol concentration in the feed. (scribd.com)
Values from parametric study showed that the utility-use significantly decreased when the concentration of glycerol in the feed was increased. (scribd.com)
a body with one or more non-metallic surfaces, wherein at least one of the one or more non-metallic surfaces has been treated with a solution comprising an effective concentration of antimicrobial agent, acid solution, wherein said acid solution is comprised of short chain monocarboxylic acid and ortho-phosphoric acid, and glycerol. (google.com)
I think the standard glycerol concentration for freezing is 15%, and I usually froze my stocks in LB or nutrient broth rather than PBS. (protocol-online.org)

Under accelerated aging studies, with 1 : 9 molar ratio of glycerol to water, 3 mg carbon g −1 cat h −1 was generated in 20 cycles, whereas 1 : 18 feed produced only 1.5 mg carbon g −1 cat h −1 during the same cycles of operation. (hindawi.com)
Allows microorganisms to utilize glycerol as a source of carbon under anaerobic conditions. (uniprot.org)
To achieve high carbon conversion and cold gas efficiency in the microwave plasma gasification of glycerol, O 2 /fuel ratio should be kept at 0-0.4. (aiche.org)
Deletion of this gene from P. falciparum had no effect on asexual parasite growth, but surprisingly also had no effect on gametocyte development or exflagellation, suggesting that these life cycle stages do not utilize host-derived glycerol as a carbon source. (rcsb.org)
Listeria monocytogenes is able to efficiently utilize glycerol as a carbon source. (asm.org)

Glycerol is a trihydric alcohol . (encyclopedia.com)
Glycerol belongs to the alcohol family in organic compounds and contains three hydroxyl groups (-OH). (hypertextbook.com)
Glycerol is a sugar alcohol , and is sweet-tasting and of low toxicity. (wikidoc.org)

Glycerol kinase ( EC:2.7.1.30 ) is a bacterial sugar kinase which catalyzes the Mg-ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glycerol to yield glycerol 3-phosphate. (ebi.ac.uk)
Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (glycerone). (uniprot.org)
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to yield sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. (uniprot.org)
Glycerol kinase catalyzes the formation of glycerol 3 phosphate from ATP and glycerol. (novusbio.com)

were first to document that ingestion of a glycerol solution can increase the water content of the body. (sportsci.org)
At 2.5 hours, glycerol ingestion had resulted in 500 ml less urine and 700 ml more total body water compared to the no glycerol trial. (sportsci.org)
Glycerol ingestion did not significantly reduce exercise heart rate. (sportsci.org)
Failure to reduce body water loss in cold-water immersion by glycerol ingestion. (webmd.com)
Side effects from glycerol ingestion are rare, but include nausea, gastrointestinal discomfort and light-headedness. (springer.com)
In summary, glycerol ingestion before, during or following exercise is likely to improve the hydration state of the endurance athlete. (springer.com)

A process for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to produce propylene glycol as the major product comprising contacting the glycerol with hydrogen in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst under conditions for the formation of propylene glycol is disclosed. (freepatentsonline.com)
Conversion of glycerol to ethylene glycol over Pt modified Ni catalyst", Chem. (freepatentsonline.com)

The glycerol backbone is found in many lipids which are known as glycerides . (wikipedia.org)
The glycerol backbone is found in those lipids known as glycerides. (wikipedia.org)
On the basis of the analysis of backbone conformer distributions, it is found that the surrounding water molecules have a large impact on the populations of the glycerol conformers. (diva-portal.org)

Glycerol esters, also known as glycerides, or acylglycerols have three hydroxyl groups. (openpr.com)
Glycerol is also used to manufacture mono- and di-glycerides for use as emulsifiers , as well as polyglycerol esters going into shortenings and margarine . (wikidoc.org)

Some of the glycerol esters of fatty acids include glycerol acetic acid fatty acid ester, glycerol lactic acid fatty acid ester and glycerol succinic acid fatty acid ester, among the others. (openpr.com)
A fatty acid glycerol that has been isolated from S. chinensis roots, inhibits PAF-AH with an IC50 value of 45 µM. (thomassci.com)

X-Ray structure of glycerol kinase complexed with an ATP analog implies a novel mechanism for the ATP-dependent glycerol phosphorylation by glycerol kinase. (ebi.ac.uk)
Phosphorylation of glycerol by GK is the rate-limiting step in glycerol utilization. (rcsb.org)

Although glycerol cannot be used directly in the glycolysis pathway, glycerol phosphate can, and is an essential intermediate in the pathway. (wisegeek.com)

The group analyzed the steam reforming process of glycerol over the following variable ranges: pressure 1 atm, temperature 600-1000 K and water-to-glycerol feed ratio 1:1-9:1. (greencarcongress.com)
900 K and a molar ratio of water to glycerol of 9:1. (greencarcongress.com)
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of formic acid to potassium chloride to phosphoric acid to Glycerol is about 30 ml:400 mg: 3 ml:5 ml. (google.com)

accept glycerol as a sweetener compatible with low-carbohydrate diets. (wikipedia.org)
Glycerol is generally used as a solvent, sweetener and emollient in the pharmaceutical industry and is also used therapeutically for constipation relief and ophthalmic lubrication. (reference.com)

BUT, since the hydroxyl groups are all in such close proximity with one another, wouldn't they simply H-bond intramoleculary, limiting their ability to H-bond with other glycerol molecules? (studentdoctor.net)
At 40 wt % of glycerol, the cluster sizes from 3 to 10 water molecules are observed. (diva-portal.org)
Translational diffusion coefficients have been calculated to study the dynamical behavior of both glycerol and water molecules. (diva-portal.org)

Glycerol is used in medical and pharmaceutical and personal care preparations, mainly as a means of improving smoothness, providing lubrication and as a humectant . (wikidoc.org)

This thesis will present and evaluate a new process developed by Biofuel-solutions for production of propionaldehyde from glycerol via acrolein. (scribd.com)
The conversion of glycerol into acrolein has been known for long, but for economic reasons the reaction has not been applied industrially. (scribd.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes11

Information Science1

Health Care1

Acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins. (1/4138)

Dietary control of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis in rat liver slices. (2/4138)

Improved antibody detection by the use of range expansion and longer filter wavelength in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate Auto-Analyzer system. (3/4138)

Isocitrate lyase of Ashbya gossypii--transcriptional regulation and peroxisomal localization. (4/4138)

Redundant systems of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis via acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/4138)

The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (6/4138)

Characterization of the exopolygalacturonate lyase PelX of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. (7/4138)

Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: effect of glucose ingestion. (8/4138)

Glycerol

Glycerol Kinase

Glycerophosphates

Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase

Dihydroxyacetone

Glycerides

Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NAD+)

Aquaporins

Monoglycerides

Cryoprotective Agents

Propylene Glycol

Lipolysis

Glucose

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

Ethylene Glycol

Aquaporin 3

Kinetics

Glyceryl Ethers

Propylene Glycols

Glyceraldehyde

Gluconeogenesis

Fatty Acids, Nonesterified

Carbon Isotopes

Phosphotransferases

Decanoates

Culture Media

Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Osmotic Pressure

Propane

Fatty Acids

Fermentation

Propanediol Dehydratase

Teichoic Acids

Escherichia coli

Water

Freezing

Sugar Alcohols

Phospholipids

Chromatography, Paper

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Triglycerides

Temperature

Lipid Mobilization

Acetates

Laurates

Lactic Acid

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Adipose Tissue

Semen Preservation

Lactates

Glycols

Molecular Sequence Data

Gluconobacter

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Cobamides

Phosphatidylglycerols

Osmolar Concentration

Clostridium butyricum

Anaerobiosis

Liver

Sucrose

Ethylene Glycols

Acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins. (1/4138)

Dietary control of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis in rat liver slices. (2/4138)

Improved antibody detection by the use of range expansion and longer filter wavelength in a low ionic strength-protamine sulphate Auto-Analyzer system. (3/4138)

Isocitrate lyase of Ashbya gossypii--transcriptional regulation and peroxisomal localization. (4/4138)

Redundant systems of phosphatidic acid biosynthesis via acylation of glycerol-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/4138)

The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (6/4138)

Characterization of the exopolygalacturonate lyase PelX of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937. (7/4138)

Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in highly trained human subjects: effect of glucose ingestion. (8/4138)

Effects of increasing dietary dried distillers grains with solubles and glycerol on pork loin quality

Dependence of the shape of the plasma fibronectin molecule on solvent composition. Ionic strength and glycerol content<...

A thermodynamic study of 1-propanol-glycerol-H2O at 25 degrees C: Effect of glycerol on molecular organization of H2O - DTU...

Impact of Hyperosmotic Glycerol on Tighy Junction In Vitro

The effect of glycerol on nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs | Advances in Animal Biosciences | Cambridge Core

Production of succinate from simply purified crude glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli using two-stage fermentation |...

Estrogen prevents increased hepatic aquaporin-9 expression and glycerol uptake during starvation. | IRIS Univ. Bari

Effect of groove width and depth and urethane coating on slip resistance of vinyl flooring sheet in glycerol solution<...

Applicability of Crude Glycerol as the Multifunctional Additive for the Preparation of Mulching Coatings | VDU CRIS