Glutamate dehydrogenase. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate and water to 2-oxoglutarate and NH3 in the presence of NAD+. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.4.1.2.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 2 molecules of glutamate from glutamine plus alpha-ketoglutarate in the presence of NADPH. EC 1.4.1.13.

A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. EC 1.1.1.37.

A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.

A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE. Several types of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase exist including phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating varieties and ones that transfer hydrogen to NADP and ones that transfer hydrogen to NAD.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi, family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, comprising bread molds. They are capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinic acid and are used extensively in genetic and enzyme research. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and act through G-proteins to influence second messenger systems. Several types of metabotropic glutamate receptors have been cloned. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mechanisms of action.

An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.

A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor (generally an amino acid) to an acceptor (generally a 2-keto acid). Most of these enzymes are pyridoxyl phosphate proteins. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.6.1.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

Elevated level of AMMONIA in the blood. It is a sign of defective CATABOLISM of AMINO ACIDS or ammonia to UREA.

An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.

A species of ascomycetous fungi of the family Sordariaceae, order SORDARIALES, much used in biochemical, genetic, and physiologic studies.

A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of lipoamide by NADH to yield dihydrolipoamide and NAD+. The enzyme is a component of several MULTIENZYME COMPLEXES.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumarate. In most eukaryotic organisms this enzyme is a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex II.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of carbohydrates to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2.; and 1.1.99.

An alcohol oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of L-iditol to L-sorbose in the presence of NAD. It also acts on D-glucitol to form D-fructose. It also acts on other closely related sugar alcohols to form the corresponding sugar. EC 1.1.1.14

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The removal of an amino group (NH2) from a chemical compound.

One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.

One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of beta-D-glucose to form D-glucono-1,5-lactone, using NAD as well as NADP as a coenzyme.

Enzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.-.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

A family of POTASSIUM and SODIUM-dependent acidic amino acid transporters that demonstrate a high affinity for GLUTAMIC ACID and ASPARTIC ACID. Several variants of this system are found in neuronal tissue.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 6-phospho-D-gluconate and NADP+ to yield D-ribulose 5-phosphate, carbon dioxide, and NADPH. The reaction is a step in the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.1.1.43.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

D-Glucose:1-oxidoreductases. Catalyzes the oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-gamma-lactone and reduced acceptor. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.47; EC 1.1.1.118; EC 1.1.1.119 and EC 1.1.99.10.

Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.

Enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a 3-hydroxyacyl CoA to 3-ketoacyl CoA in the presence of NAD. They are key enzymes in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.

Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2. and EC 1.1.99.

A family of plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporter proteins that couple the uptake of GLUTAMATE with the import of SODIUM ions and PROTONS and the export of POTASSIUM ions. In the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM they regulate neurotransmission through synaptic reuptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Outside the central nervous system they function as signal mediators and regulators of glutamate metabolism.

Enzymes that catalyze the first step in the beta-oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In eukaryotes the enzyme can be found as a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex I. Under experimental conditions the enzyme can use CYTOCHROME C GROUP as the reducing cofactor. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.6.2.1.

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of humans. Its organisms are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremias and soft tissue infections.

Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes.

A type I G protein-coupled receptor mostly expressed post-synaptic pyramidal cells of the cortex and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of inosine 5'-phosphate to xanthosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 1.1.1.205.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.

Alcohol oxidoreductases with substrate specificity for LACTIC ACID.

An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Flavoproteins that catalyze reversibly the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. Many compounds can act as acceptors, but the only physiologically active acceptor is NAD. The enzymes are active in the fermentation of sugars and other compounds to carbon dioxide and are the key enzymes in obtaining energy when bacteria are grown on formate as the main carbon source. They have been purified from bovine blood. EC 1.2.1.2.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for medium-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A group of inherited and sporadic disorders which share progressive ataxia in combination with atrophy of the CEREBELLUM; PONS; and inferior olivary nuclei. Additional clinical features may include MUSCLE RIGIDITY; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; RETINAL DEGENERATION; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; DEMENTIA; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and OPHTHALMOPLEGIA. The familial form has an earlier onset (second decade) and may feature spinal cord atrophy. The sporadic form tends to present in the fifth or sixth decade, and is considered a clinical subtype of MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1085)

A class of amino acids characterized by a closed ring structure.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

A family of THERMOPROTEALES consisting of variable length rigid rods without septa. They grow either chemolithoautotrophically or by sulfur respiration. The four genera are: PYROBACULUM; THERMOPROTEUS; Caldivirga; and Thermocladium. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2d ed)

A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

A ketone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to ACYL-CoA and CO2. The enzyme requires THIAMINE DIPHOSPHATE as a cofactor. Defects in genes that code for subunits of the enzyme are a cause of MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE. The enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.2.4.3.

The E1 component of the multienzyme PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX. It is composed of 2 alpha subunits (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit) and 2 beta subunits (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit).

A family of vesicular neurotransmitter transporter proteins that were originally characterized as sodium dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporters. Vesicular glutamate transport proteins sequester the excitatory neurotransmitter GLUTAMATE from the CYTOPLASM into SECRETORY VESICLES in exchange for lumenal PROTONS.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The interference in synthesis of an enzyme due to the elevated level of an effector substance, usually a metabolite, whose presence would cause depression of the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

The modification of the reactivity of ENZYMES by the binding of effectors to sites (ALLOSTERIC SITES) on the enzymes other than the substrate BINDING SITES.

Oxidoreductases that are specific for KETONES.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that catalyzes the reversible conversion of CORTISOL to the inactive metabolite CORTISONE. Enzymes in this class can utilize either NAD or NADP as cofactors.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially valuable as a source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins.

Measurement of this acid in the urine after oral administration of histidine provides the basis for the diagnostic test of folic acid deficiency and of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.

A glutamate plasma membrane transporter protein found in ASTROCYTES and in the LIVER.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A vesicular glutamate transporter protein that is predominately expressed in the DIENCEPHALON and lower brainstem regions of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

An oxidoreductase involved in pyrimidine base degradation. It catalyzes the catabolism of THYMINE; URACIL and the chemotherapeutic drug, 5-FLUOROURACIL.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.

Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.

A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A low-affinity 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase found in a variety of tissues, most notably in LIVER; LUNG; ADIPOSE TISSUE; vascular tissue; OVARY; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The enzyme acts reversibly and can use either NAD or NADP as cofactors.

A vesicular glutamate transporter protein that is predominately expressed in TELENCEPHALON of the BRAIN.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by their affinity for the agonist AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid).

Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.

A 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE to 5 ALPHA-ANDROSTANE-3 ALPHA,17 BETA-DIOL. It also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. The enzyme is B-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced NAD or NADPH.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Sugar alcohol dehydrogenases that have specificity for MANNITOL. Enzymes in this category are generally classified according to their preference for a specific reducing cofactor.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

An enzyme that catalyzes the first step of histidine catabolism, forming UROCANIC ACID and AMMONIA from HISTIDINE. Deficiency of this enzyme is associated with elevated levels of serum histidine and is called histidinemia (AMINO ACID METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS).

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of hydroxyl groups of prostaglandins.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for short-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON-TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

A metalloflavoprotein enzyme involved the metabolism of VITAMIN A, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of RETINAL to RETINOIC ACID, using both NAD+ and FAD coenzymes. It also acts on both the 11-trans- and 13-cis-forms of RETINAL.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

A site on an enzyme which upon binding of a modulator, causes the enzyme to undergo a conformational change that may alter its catalytic or binding properties.

A glial type glutamate plasma membrane transporter protein found predominately in ASTROCYTES. It is also expressed in HEART and SKELETAL MUSCLE and in the PLACENTA.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.

A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-hydroxysteroids, such as from a 20-ketosteroid to a 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.149) or to a 20-beta-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.53).

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

An high-affinity, NAD-dependent 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that acts unidirectionally to catalyze the dehydrogenation of CORTISOL to CORTISONE. It is found predominantly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the KIDNEY; COLON; SWEAT GLANDS; and the PLACENTA. Absence of the enzyme leads to a fatal form of childhood hypertension termed, APPARENT MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS SYNDROME.

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A species of parasitic EUKARYOTES that attaches itself to the intestinal mucosa and feeds on mucous secretions. The organism is roughly pear-shaped and motility is somewhat erratic, with a slow oscillation about the long axis.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for long-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON-TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A heterogenous group of degenerative syndromes marked by progressive cerebellar dysfunction either in isolation or combined with other neurologic manifestations. Sporadic and inherited subtypes occur. Inheritance patterns include autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of aspartic beta-semialdehyde to homoserine, which is the branch point in biosynthesis of methionine, lysine, threonine and leucine from aspartic acid. EC 1.1.1.3.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A mitochondrial flavoprotein, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA using FAD as a cofactor. Defects in the enzyme, is associated with isovaleric acidemia (IVA).

An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. It is involved in the biosynthesis of VALINE; LEUCINE; and ISOLEUCINE.

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.

A class of ligand-gated ion channel receptors that have specificity for GLUTAMATE. They are distinct from METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS which act through a G-protein-coupled mechanism.

A neuronal and epithelial type glutamate plasma membrane transporter protein.

A pyridoxal phosphate enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamate gamma-semialdehyde and an L-amino acid from L-ornithine and a 2-keto-acid. EC 2.6.1.13.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The amino acid sequence of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. The tryptic peptides. (1/966)

The NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa was digested with trypsin, and peptides accounting for 441 out of the 452 residues of the polypeptide chain were isolated and substantially sequenced. Additional experimental detail has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50052 (11 pages) with the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained under the terms given in Biochem J. (1975) 145, 5. (+info)

The amino acid sequence of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. Peptides from digestion with a staphylococcal proteinase. (2/966)

The extracellular proteinase of Staphylococcus aureus strain V8 was used to digest the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa. Of 35 non-overlapping peptides expected from the glutamate content of the polypeptide chain, 29 were isolated and substantially sequenced. The sequences obtained were valuable in providing overlaps for the alignment of about two-thirds of the sequences found in tryptic peptides [Wootton, J. C., Taylor, J, G., Jackson, A. A., Chambers, G. K. & Fincham, J. R. S. (1975) Biochem. J. 149, 739-748]. The blocked N-terminal peptide of the protein was isolated. This peptide was sequenced by mass spectrometry, and found to have N-terminal N-acetylserine by Howard R. Morris and Anne Dell, whose results are presented as an Appendix to the main paper. The staphylococcal proteinase showed very high specificity for glutamyl bonds in the NH4HCO3 buffer used. Partial splits of two aspartyl bonds, both Asp-Ile, were probably attributable to the proteinase. No cleavage of glutaminyl or S-carboxymethylcysteinyl bonds was found. Additional experimental detail has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50053 (5 pages) with the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K, from whom copies may be obtained under the terms given in Biochem. J. (1975) 1458 5. (+info)

The amino acid sequence of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. Peptic and chymotryptic peptides and the complete sequence. (3/966)

Peptic and chymotryptic peptides were isolated form the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa and substantially sequenced. Out of 452 residues in the polypeptide chain, 265 were recovered in the peptic and 427 in the chymotryptic peptides. Together with the tryptic peptides [Wootton, J. C., Taylor, J. G., Jackson, A. A., Chambers, G. K. & Fincham, J. R. S. (1975) Biochem. J. 149, 749-755], these establish the complete sequence of the chain, including the acid and amide assignments, except for seven places where overlaps are inadequate. These remaining alignments are deduced from information on the CNBr fragments obtained in another laboratory [Blumenthal, K. M., Moon, K. & Smith, E. L. (1975), J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3644-3654]. Further information has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50054 (17 pages) with the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, W. Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies may be obtained under the terms given in Biochem. J. (1975) 145, 5. (+info)

Activities of citrate synthase, NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in nervous tissues from vertebrates and invertebrates. (4/966)

1. The activities of citrate synthase and NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases were measured in nervous tissue from different animals in an attempt to provide more information about the citric acid cycle in this tissue. In higher animals the activities of citrate synthase are greater than the sum of activities of the isocitrate dehydrogenases, whereas they are similar in nervous tissues from the lower animals. This suggests that in higher animals the isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction is far-removed from equilibrium. If it is assumed that isocitrate dehydrogenase activities provide an indication of the maximum flux through the citric acid cycle, the maximum glycolytic capacity in nervous tissue is considerably greater than that of the cycle. This suggest that glycolysis can provide energy in excess of the aerobic capacity of the tissue. 2. The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase are high in most nervous tissues and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase are high in all nervous tissue investigated. However, the activities of alanine aminotransferase are low in all tissues except the ganglia of the waterbug and cockroach. In these insect tissues, anaerobic glycolysis may result in the formation of alanine rather than lactate. (+info)

The effect of bile salts and calcium on isolated rat liver mitochondria. (5/966)

Intact mitochondria were incubated with and without calcium in solutions of chenodeoxycholate, ursodeoxycholate, or their conjugates. Glutamate dehydrogenase, protein and phospholipid release were measured. Alterations in membrane and organelle structure were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chenodeoxycholate enhanced enzyme liberation, solubilized protein and phospholipid, and increased protein spin label mobility and the polarity of the hydrophobic membrane interior, whereas ursodeoxycholate and its conjugates did not damage mitochondria. Preincubation with ursodeoxycholate or its conjugate tauroursodeoxycholate for 20 min partially prevented damage by chenodeoxycholate. Extended preincubation even with 1 mM ursodeoxycholate could no longer prevent structural damage. Calcium (from 0.01 mM upward) augmented the damaging effect of chenodeoxycholate (0.15-0.5 mM). The combined action of 0.01 mM calcium and 0.15 mM chenodeoxycholate was reversed by ursodeoxycholate only, not by its conjugates tauroursodeoxycholate and glycoursodeoxycholate. In conclusion, ursodeoxycholate partially prevents chenodeoxycholate-induced glutamate dehydrogenase release from liver cell mitochondria by membrane stabilization. This holds for shorter times and at concentrations below 0.5 mM only, indicating that the different constitution of protein-rich mitochondrial membranes does not allow optimal stabilization such as has been seen in phospholipid- and cholesterol-rich hepatocyte cell membranes, investigated previously. (+info)

Purification and characterization of cold-active L-glutamate dehydrogenase independent of NAD(P) and oxygen. (6/966)

L-Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) independent of NAD(P) and oxygen was first obtained from the psychrotrophic bacterium Aeromonas sp. L101, originally isolated from the organs of salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). GLDH was purified by a series of chromatography steps on DEAE-Sepharose, Superdex 200pg, Q-Sepharose, CM-Sepharose, and Phenyl-Sepharose. The purified protein was determined to have a molecular mass of 110 kDa and a pI of 5.7. Maximum activity was obtained at 55 degrees C and pH 8.5. The activity of GLDH at 4 and 20 degrees C was 38 and 50%, respectively, of that at 50 degrees C. GLDH was coupled to cytochrome c and several redox dyes including 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate (1-Methoxy PMS), 2, 6-dichlorophenylindophenol (DCIP), 9-dimethylaminobenzo[alpha]phenoxazin-7-ium chloride (meldola's blue), 3,3'-[3,3'-dimethoxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4, 4'-diyl]-bis[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H tetrazolium chloride] (nitroblue tetrazolium; NBT), and 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H tetrazolium (INT). The presence of NAD(P) and oxygen gave no oxidation activity to GLDH. Spectroscopic profile and ICP data indicated a b-type cytochrome containing iron. (+info)

Reactive cysteine residue of bovine brain glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins. (7/966)

Protein chemical studies of glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins (GDH I and GDH II) from bovine brain reveal that one cystein residue is accessible for reaction with thiol-modifying reagent. Reaction of the two types of GDH isoproteins with p-chloromercuribenzoic acid resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of 83 M(-1) s(-1) and 75 M(-1) s(-1) for GDH I and GDH II, respectively. The inactivation was partially prevented by preincubation of the glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins with NADH. A combination of 10 mM 2-oxoglutarate with 2 mM NADH gave complete protection against the inactivation. There were no significant differences between the two glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins in their sensitivities to inactivation by p-chloromercuribenzoic indicating that the microenvironmental structures of the GDH isoproteins are very similar to each other. Allosteric effectors such as ADP and GTP had no effects on the inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins by thiol-modifying reagents. By a combination of peptide mapping analysis and labeling with [14C] p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, a reactive cystein residue was identified as Cys323 in the overall sequence. The cysteine residue was clearly identical to sequences of other GDH species known. (+info)

Cyclic AMP can decrease expression of genes subject to catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (8/966)

External cyclic AMP (cAMP) hindered the derepression of gluconeogenic enzymes in a pde2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but it did not prevent invertase derepression. cAMP reduced nearly 20-fold the transcription driven by upstream activation sequence (UAS1FBP1) from FBP1, encoding fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase; it decreased 2-fold the activation of transcription by UAS2FBP1. Nuclear extracts from cells derepressed in the presence of cAMP were impaired in the formation of specific UASFBP1-protein complexes in band shift experiments. cAMP does not appear to act through the repressing protein Mig1. Control of FBP1 transcription through cAMP is redundant with other regulatory mechanisms. (+info)

In humans the relevant genes are called GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) and GLUD2 (glutamate dehydrogenase 2), and there are ... L-Glutamate Dehydrogenase, in The Enzymes, Vol VII. Academic Press. pp. 3-24. Frieden C (May 1965). "Glutamate Dehydrogenase. ... as glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium favours the production of ammonia and α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate dehydrogenase also has ... glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes are divided into the following three classes:[citation needed] EC 1.4.1.2: L-glutamate + H2O + ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_dehydrogenase

... glutamic acid dehydrogenase, L-glutamate dehydrogenase, L-glutamic acid dehydrogenase, NAD(P)+-glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)H ... Glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.4.1.4, glutamic dehydrogenase, dehydrogenase, glutamate (nicotinamide adenine ... glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) is an enzyme with systematic name L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase ( ... Smith, E.L.; Austen, B.M.; Blumenthal, K.M.; Nyc, J.F. (1975). "Glutamate dehydrogenases". In Boyer, P.D. (ed.). The Enzymes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_dehydrogenase_(NADP )

GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase 1) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ... "Entrez Gene: glutamate dehydrogenase 1". Won JG, Tseng HS, Yang AH, Tang KT, Jap TS, Lee CH, Lin HD, Burcus N, Pittenger G, ... Smith TJ, Schmidt T, Fang J, Wu J, Siuzdak G, Stanley CA (May 2002). "The structure of apo human glutamate dehydrogenase ... Smith TJ, Peterson PE, Schmidt T, Fang J, Stanley CA (March 2001). "Structures of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase complexes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_dehydrogenase_1

... (EC 1.4.1.3, glutamic dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]) is an enzyme with ... Smith, E.L.; Austen, B.M.; Blumenthal, K.M.; Nyc, J.F. (1975). "Glutamate dehydrogenases". In Boyer, P.D. (ed.). The Enzymes. ... Glutamate+dehydrogenase+(NAD(P)+) at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology v t e ... Strecker HJ (September 1953). "Glutamic dehydrogenase". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 46 (1): 128-40. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_dehydrogenase_(NAD(P) )

... glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in urea cycle ... a glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-glutamate 5- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde:NADP+ 5-oxidoreductase (phosphorylating). Other names in ... Baich A (July 1971). "The biosynthesis of proline in Escherichia coli: phosphate-dependent glutamate -semialdehyde ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate-5-semialdehyde_dehydrogenase

... glutamate forming), aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase, saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming), 6-N-(L-1,3- ... In enzymology, a saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, L-glutamate-forming) (EC 1.5.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... glutamate-forming), saccharopin dehydrogenase, NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-2-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde and, ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharopine_dehydrogenase_(NAD ,_L-glutamate-forming)

... glutamate-forming) dehydrogenase, aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamic reductase, aminoadipate semialdehyde-glutamate reductase, ... In enzymology, a saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, L-glutamate-forming) (EC 1.5.1.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... 3. Aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamate reductase". J. Biol. Chem. 241 (14): 3430-4. PMID 4380448. Portal: Biology v t e (EC 1.5. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6-(L-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharopine_dehydrogenase_(NADP ,_L-glutamate-forming)

This dehydrogenase is one of the family of glutamate dehydrogenases that are ubiquitous in life. Glutamate dehydrogenase 2 is ... Glutamate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial, also known as GDH 2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GLUD2 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: glutamate dehydrogenase 2". Shashidharan P, Michaelidis TM, Robakis NK, Kresovali A, Papamatheakis J, Plaitakis A ... Spanaki C, Zaganas I, Kleopa KA, Plaitakis A (2010). "Human GLUD2 glutamate dehydrogenase is expressed in neural and testicular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUD2

Colman, Roberta (1986). "Glutamate Dehydrogenase: Function of Molecular Topology". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_F._Colman

Glutamate dehydrogenase pseudogene 5, also known as GLUDP5, is a human gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for ... Julliard JH, Smith EL (1979). "Partial amino acid sequence of the glutamate dehydrogenase of human liver and a revision of the ... "Entrez Gene: GLUDP5 glutamate dehydrogenase pseudogene 5". Meissner T, Beinbrech B, Mayatepek E (1999). "Congenital ... 1993). "Structure and expression analysis of a member of the human glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) gene family mapped to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUDP5

Glutamate dehydrogenase provides an oxidizable carbon source used for the production of energy as well as a reduced electron ... Werner C, Stubbs MT, Krauth-Siegel RL, Klebe G (2005). "The crystal structure of Plasmodium falciparum glutamate dehydrogenase ... 1986). "Antibodies to the glutamate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum" (PDF). Parasitology. 92 (2): 313-324. doi:10.1017/ ... The first malaria antigen suitable as target for such a test was a soluble glycolytic enzyme Glutamate dehydrogenase. None of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_antigen_detection_tests

Ling IT, Cooksley S, Bates PA, Hempelmann E, Wilson RJ (1986). "Antibodies to the glutamate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium ... Consequences included natural selection for sickle-cell disease, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, ... and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) were present in the Mediterranean world by the time of the Roman Empire, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_malaria

Robinson, Sharon A.; Stewart, George R.; Phillips, Richard (1992). "Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in relation ... "The Role of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Plant Nitrogen Metabolism". Plant Physiology. 95 (2): 509-516. doi:10.1104/pp.95.2.509. ... An early career highlights was demonstrating a role for the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen mobilisation. Some of ... "The role of glutamate dehydrogenase in plant nitrogen metabolism". Plant Physiology. 95 (2): 509-516. doi:10.1104/pp.95.2.509. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_Robinson_(physiologist)

Ling I.T.; Cooksley S.; Bates P.A.; Hempelmann E.; Wilson R.J.M. (1986). "Antibodies to the glutamate dehydrogenase of ... The first rapid diagnostic tests were using Plasmodium glutamate dehydrogenase as antigen. PGluDH was soon replaced by ... "Evaluation of a new Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay (OptiMAL-IT) for the detection of malaria". Transact Royal Soc Trop ... Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Depending on which monoclonal antibodies are used, this type of assay can distinguish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnosis_of_malaria

Sanner, T. (1975-11-18). "Formation of transient complexes in the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction". Biochemistry. 14 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Canada

1986). "Antibodies to the glutamate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum" (PDF). Parasitology. 92 (2): 313-324. doi:10.1017/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoelectrophoresis

Frieden, C; Colman, R F (1967). "Glutamate dehydrogenase concentration as a determinant in the effect of purine nucleotides on ... Huang, CY; Frieden, C (1972). "The mechanism of ligand-induced structural changes in glutamate dehydrogenase. Studies of the ... Fisher, Harvey F. (2006). "Glutamate Dehydrogenase-ligand Complexes and Their Relationship to the Mechanism of the Reaction". ... what is now called the morpheein model and showed that it accounted for the regulatory behavior of glutamate dehydrogenase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheein

... the ELFV dehydrogenase family of enzymes include glutamate, leucine, phenylalanine and valine dehydrogenases. These enzymes are ... Glutamate dehydrogenases EC 1.4.1.2, EC 1.4.1.3 and EC 1.4.1.4 (GluDH) are enzymes that catalyse the NAD- and/or NADP-dependent ... Benachenhou-Lahfa N, Forterre P, Labedan B (April 1993). "Evolution of glutamate dehydrogenase genes: evidence for two ... "Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding human liver glutamate dehydrogenase: evidence for a small gene family". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELFV_dehydrogenase

Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate. A transamination reaction takes ... Proline and arginine are derived from glutamate. Serine, formed from 3-phosphoglycerate, is the precursor of glycine and ... Glutamine is synthesized from NH4+ and glutamate, and asparagine is synthesized similarly. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acid

... his thesis described studies structural transitions of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase using new methods based on ... a fluorescent conformational probe for glutamate dehydrogenase". Biochem. J. 114: 407-417. doi:10.1042/bj1140407. Shirley, S G ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Dodd

Fahien LA, Kmiotek EH, MacDonald MJ, Fibich B, Mandic M (Aug 1988). "Regulation of malate dehydrogenase activity by glutamate, ... Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial also known as malate dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MDH2 ... Thus, glutamate can react with the aminotransferase in this complex without glutamate inhibiting production of oxaloacetate by ... In addition, association of malate dehydrogenase with these other two enzymes enhances malate dehydrogenase activity due to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate_dehydrogenase_2

"Complete nucleotide sequence of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli K-12". Gene. 27 (2): 193-199. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marta_Bunster

gdhA codes for the glutamate dehydrogenase and links citrate cycle and nitrogen metabolism. A study combining a transcriptome ... Pirin has key roles in the central metabolism by regulating the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 and therefore select if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_42_RNA

Fahien LA, Kmiotek EH, MacDonald MJ, Fibich B, Mandic M (Aug 1988). "Regulation of malate dehydrogenase activity by glutamate, ... "Regulation of aminotransferase-glutamate dehydrogenase interactions by carbamyl phosphate synthase-I, Mg2+ plus leucine versus ... which is then converted back to oxaloacetate and glutamate, respectively. Another function of GOT2 is that it is believed to ... "Assignment to chromosome 16 of a gene necessary for the expression of human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOT2

This is confirmed by the presence of glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and alanine dehydrogenase. Since M. scandinavica ... The TCA cycle is incomplete due to the inactivity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme. M. scandinavica also uses ... These precursor metabolites are incorporated via the glutamate cycle and reductive amination of pyruvate. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylomonas_scandinavica

There, Hartmann conducted research on ammonia metabolism and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.2).[citation needed] In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hartmann_(biologist)

Kinnaird, J.; Keighren, M.; Kinsey, J.; Eaton, M.; Fincham, J. (1982). "Cloning of the am (glutamate dehydrogenase) gene of ... NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase) gene". Gene. 26 (2-3): 253-260. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(83)90195-6. PMID 6231215. ... using mutants of Neurospora crassa deficient in a specific enzyme called glutamate dehydrogenase. Fincham was appointed first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fincham

Glutamate can then be deaminated by glutamate dehydrogenase or transaminated to form α-ketoglutarate. The histidine amino acid ... The formimino group is transferred to tetrahydrofolate, and the remaining five carbons form glutamate. Overall, these reactions ... result in the formation of glutamate and ammonia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidine

For instance, Bacillus subtilis encodes two paralogues of glutamate dehydrogenase: GudB is constitutively transcribed whereas ... "Bacilli glutamate dehydrogenases diverged via coevolution of transcription and enzyme regulation". EMBO Reports. 18 (7): 1139- ... Characterization of the proteins shows that, compared to RocG, GudB's enzymatic activity is highly dependent on glutamate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

SIRT4 is a mitochondrial ADP-ribosyltransferase that inhibits mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase 1 activity, thereby ... "SIRT4 inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase and opposes the effects of calorie restriction in pancreatic beta cells". Cell. 126 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtuin_4

... as exclusively present in members of this genus in the proteins 30S ribosomal protein S6-L-glutamate ligase, crossover junction ... endodeoxyribonuclease RuvC, Tim44 domain-containing protein, pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring), homodimeric type, c- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquicella

In addition, it has been found to inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase and estrogen sulfotransferase in vitro (Ki = 35 μM and 1-3 μM ... and protects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity, and oxidative ... Le Bail JC, Laroche T, Marre-Fournier F, Habrioux G (November 1998). "Aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ... Unlike many other flavonoids, tropoflavin does not show any inhibitory activity on 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropoflavin

Glutamate is an important compound within the body which acts as a neurotransmitter tied to learning and Huntington's disease. ... GCDH is deficient in glutaric aciduria type 1. The intermediate 2-oxoadipate is metabolized by 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase, ... "About Glutamate Toxicity". Huniting Disease Outreach for Education at Stanford (HOPES). Huntington's Disease Society of America ... Meldrum BS (April 2000). "Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-aminoadipic_semialdehyde_synthase

... when Zn2+ is co-released with glutamate, it may greatly augment the efflux of dopamine. Tsvetkov, PO; Roman, AY; Baksheeva, VE ... "Molecular dynamics study of zinc binding to cysteines in a peptide mimic of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural zinc site". ... and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, glutamatergic neuronal excitotoxicity, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_in_biology

The intermediate α-ketoisovalerate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include ... which is converted to isobutyryl-CoA through oxidative decarboxylation by the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valine

"aldehyde dehydrogenase - Homo sapiens". BRENDA. Technische Universität Braunschweig. January 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2015. ... Phenethylamine also appears to induce acetylcholine release via a glutamate-mediated mechanism. Phenethylamine has been shown ... and then aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which converts it to phenylacetic acid. This means that for significant concentrations ... product which is produced by monoamine oxidase and then further metabolized into β-phenylacetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenethylamine

The ammonia produced in neurons is fixed into α-ketoglutarate by the glutamate-dehydrogenase reaction to form glutamate, then ... The ammonia fixed as part of the glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction in the neurons is transaminated into α-ketoisocaproate ... The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle is a metabolic pathway that describes the release of either glutamate or GABA from neurons ... Discoveries of glutamate and glutamine pools within intercellular compartments led to suggestions of the glutamate-glutamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate–glutamine_cycle

It has also been reported that the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex may play a role in glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism. ... "Distinct photorespiratory reactions are preferentially catalyzed by glutamate:glyoxylate and serine:glyoxylate ... A small amount of glyoxylate is converted into oxalate by cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. In addition to being an ... "A possible role for the chloroplast pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in plant glycolate and glyoxylate metabolism". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid

Alcohol has a powerful effect on glutamate as well. Alcohol decreases glutamate's ability to bind with NMDA and acts as an ... Alcohol metabolism depends on the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Genetic variants of ... Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN (December 2018). "Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ... "Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption

Nicotinic, imidazoline I1 and I2, α2-adrenergic (no intrinsic activity-neither agonist nor antagonist), glutamate NMDAr, and ... which is in turn converted by aldehyde dehydrogenase into guanidinobutyrate and secreted by the kidneys. Agmatine was found to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmatine

... may refer to: Gajirrabeng dialect, native to Australia GDH 559, a Thai film production company Glutamate dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDH

Glutamate has also been shown to inhibit malate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, it has been shown that alpha ketoglutarate ... The malate dehydrogenase family contains L-lactate dehydrogenase and L-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenases. L-lactate ... The ΔG'° of malate dehydrogenase is +29.7 kJ/mol and the ΔG (in the cell) is 0 kJ/mol. Malate dehydrogenase is also involved in ... Malate dehydrogenases catalyzes the interconversion of malate to oxaloacetate. In the citric acid cycle, malate dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malate_dehydrogenase

On the converse, when release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is reduced, the net effect is a decrease in the ... FAD-dependent dehydrogenase enzymes. There is no evidence for enzymatic conversion of CBDA or CBD to THCA or THC. For the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid

Antibodies against the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD: enzyme changing glutamate into GABA) cause cerebellar deficits ... Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is an autosomal-recessive gene disorder where mutations in the ALDH5A1 gene ... 2015). "Disease-specific monoclonal antibodies targeting glutamate decarboxylase impair GABAergic neurotransmission and affect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) then converts phenolpyruvate to phenylalanine by using L-glutamate as an amine donor, which ... The cinnamaldehyde is further reduced by cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) to cinnamyl alcohol. The enzymes that take part ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosavin

The significant increase of GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) was recorded from 14 weeks after infection in goats experimentally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascioloides_magna

in the matrix activates pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase which increases the ... Transamination of α-ketoglutarate produces glutamate, proline, and arginine. These amino acids are then used either within the ... α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase) except for succinate dehydrogenase which is on the inner ... isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinyl-CoA synthetase, fumarase, and malate dehydrogenase. The urea ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_matrix

First of all, glutamate can be converted to 2-oxoglutarate with expense of NAD+ and H2O with help of glutamate dehydrogenase. ... Glutamate is also a known metabolite substance which can enter glyceroneogenesis. Since the key reaction of glyceroneogenesis ... Secondly, the TCA cycle can affect glyceroneogenesis when the glutamate or substrates in the TCA cycle are being used as a ... When metabolites from TCA cycle or glutamate are used as a precursor for glyceroneogenesis, the regulator in the TCA cycle can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceroneogenesis

Glutamate toxicity in the brain is caused by a buildup of glutamate under times of stress. If oxoglutarate dehydrogenase ... The oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC) or α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is an enzyme complex, most commonly ... Other mitochondrial autoantigens include pyruvate dehydrogenase and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, which ... Evidence for direct association of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase components". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxoglutarate_dehydrogenase_complex

... and he obtained a PhD from the University of Leeds in 1980 for research on cloned Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iain_Mattaj

acetaldehyde dehydrogenase alcohol dehydrogenase Delta12-fatty acid dehydrogenase glutamate dehydrogenase (an enzyme that can ... alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (uses NAD+) succinate dehydrogenase (uses FAD) malate dehydrogenase (uses NAD+) An IUPAC ... In the above case, the dehydrogenase has transferred a hydride while releasing a proton, H+, but dehydrogenases can also ... sorbitol dehydrogenase TCA cycle examples: isocitrate dehydrogenase (uses NAD+, also has an isozyme that uses NADP) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrogenase

IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) converts IMP into XMP GMP synthase converts XMP into GMP GMP reductase converts GMP back into IMP ... PRPP + L-Glutamine + H2O → PRA + L-Glutamate + PPi In the second step react PRA, glycine and ATP to create GAR, ADP, and ... fGAR + L-Glutamine + ATP → fGAM + L-Glutamate + ADP + Pi The fifth is catalyzed by AIR synthetase (FGAM cyclase). fGAM + ATP → ... Different types of cancer by an increase in the activities of enzymes like IMP dehydrogenase. Modulation of purine metabolism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine_metabolism

This is catalyzed by acyl CoA dehydrogenase to produce trans-delta 2-enoyl CoA. It uses FAD as an electron acceptor and it is ... When this infusion of citric acid cycle intermediates exceeds cataplerotic demand (such as for aspartate or glutamate synthesis ... L-3-hydroxyacyl CoA is dehydrogenated again to create 3-ketoacyl CoA by 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme uses NAD ... is not an appropriate substrate for acyl CoA dehydrogenase, or enoyl CoA hydratase: If the acyl CoA contains a cis-Δ3 bond, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation

"Abnormal partitioning of hexokinase 1 suggests disruption of a glutamate transport protein complex in schizophrenia". ... c-Myc cooperatively induce vascular endothelial growth factor and metabolic switches hexokinase 2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HK2

... encoding protein Glutamate rich protein 2 FASTKD1: FAST kinase domain-containing protein 1 IMP4: U3 small nucleolar ... hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha ... Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial MTIF2: mitochondrial translational ... subunit HADHB: hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_2

PDB: 1K87; Lee YH, Nadaraia S, Gu D, Becker DF, Tanner JJ (Feb 2003). "Structure of the proline dehydrogenase domain of the ... ISBN 978-0-674-02341-3. Sengupta S, Ghosh S, Nagaraja V (Sep 2008). "Moonlighting function of glutamate racemase from ... In the case of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), in addition to the large number of ... Algar EM, Abedinia M, VandeBerg JL, Holmes RS (1991). "Purification and properties of baboon corneal aldehyde dehydrogenase: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_moonlighting

Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) EC 1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) EC 1.1.1.2 Homoserine dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.3 ... L-glutamate ligase EC 6.2.1.40: 4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.41: 3-((3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H- ... Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.10 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.12 Pyruvate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.51 ... L-xylulose reductase EC 1.1.1.10 Lactate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.27 Malate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.37 Isocitrate dehydrogenase EC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes

... is not essential for growth of the wild-type organism and that glutamate formation via NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase ... Mutant strains lacking NADP-GDH and glutamate synthase (Gdh−Glt−) required glutamate for growth. Transductants that lacked only ... A mutant strain, 39, producing high NADP-GDH activity, synthesized normal NADP-GDH and had the same intracellular glutamate ... NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) was purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 8602 (PAC 1). ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-2-441

Glutamate dehydrogenases are homooligomeric enzymes that catalyse the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to 2- ... Brown, S., and Simcock, D.C. (2017) Structural and functional properties of glutamate dehydrogenases. In: DMello, J.P.F., (ed ...

https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/52508/

Inactivation of Brain Glutamate Dehydrogenase Isoproteins by MDL 29951. Short Communications : Inactivation of Brain Glutamate ... In addition to the recognition site for glutamate, the Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-preferring glutamate receptor subtype shows a ... on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from bovine brains. The incubation of GDH isoproteins from bovine brains with MDL 29951 ... Dehydrogenase Isoproteins by MDL 29951. (Eun Young Lee) , (Hye Young Yoon) , (Tae Ue Kim) , (Soo Young Choi) , (Moo Ho Won) , ( ...

https://papersearch.net/thesis/article.asp?key=1726360

Steady state kinetics of the glutamate dehydrogenase from an archaebacterial extreme thermophile, isolate AN1. dc.contributor. ... Hudson, R.C. & Daniel, R.M. (1995). Steady state kinetics of the glutamate dehydrogenase from an archaebacterial extreme ... A steady state kinetic study was carried out with the glutamate dehydrogenase from the thermophilic, archaebacterial isolate ... Steady state kinetics of the glutamate dehydrogenase from an archaebacterial extreme thermophile, isolate AN1. en_NZ. ...

https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/4703?show=full

Smith, TJ, Schmidt, T, Fang, J, Wu, J, Siuzdak, G & Stanley, CA 2002, The structure of apo human glutamate dehydrogenase ... The structure of apo human glutamate dehydrogenase details subunit communication and allostery. / Smith, Thomas J.; Schmidt, ... The structure of apo human glutamate dehydrogenase details subunit communication and allostery. Journal of Molecular Biology. ... The structure of human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been determined in the absence of active site and regulatory ligands. ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/the-structure-of-apo-human-glutamate-dehydrogenase-details-subuni

Hormonal regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in rat. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 1980 Aug; 18(8): 850-3. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/56060

"Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase ... "Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase". ...

https://researchers.childrensmercy.org/display/25736

QuantiChrom™ Glutamate dehydrogenase Assay Kit. For quantitative determination of glutamate dehydrogenase activity. ... GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE (GLDH) is an enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of glutamate and a-ketoglutarate. Elevated ... QuantiChrom™ Glutamate dehydrogenase Assay Kit. Move your mouse over image or click to enlarge ...

https://www.universalbiologicals.com/quantichromtm-glutamate-dehydrogenase-assay-kit-dgldh-100

Abbreviations: EIA = enzyme immunoassay; GDH = glutamate dehydrogenase; Neg = negative; NT = not tested; PCR = polymerase chain ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7120a4.htm

Glutamate Dehydrogenase (L-GLDH) ex. Bovine Liver, 10U/mg. $963.68. Glutamate Dehydrogenase (L-GLDH) ex. Bovine Liver, 10U/mg ... Youre viewing: Glutamate Dehydrogenase (L-GLDH) ex. Bovine Liver, 10U/mg $963.68 ...

https://www.krinslifescienceslab.ca/product/glutamate-dehydrogenase-l-gldh-ex-bovine-liver-10u-mg/

... were included in the study of detection of Clostridioides difficile via PCR and enzyme immunoassay for glutamate dehydrogenase ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/10/19-0804-t1

Genetics unclear; glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency suspected in some; some cases may be linked to OPCA locus at chromosome 6p ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1151013-168106/what-is-the-pathophysiology-of-olivopontocerebellar-atrophy-opca

Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Mice: A Novel Mouse Model of Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2017 Mar; ... Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Mice : A Novel Mouse Model of Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes. In: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2017 ... Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Mice : A Novel Mouse Model of Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes. / Lander, Sharon S.; Chakraborti ... title = "Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Mice: A Novel Mouse Model of Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes", ...

https://cris.haifa.ac.il/en/publications/glutamate-dehydrogenase-deficient-mice-a-novel-mouse-model-of-sch

Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GLDH). Safety biomarker to assess drug-induced liver injury. 507 Update. 06/29/2018 ...

https://www.fda.gov/drugs/biomarker-qualification-program/biomarker-qualification-submissions

Saccharopine dehydrogenase [NADP(+), L-glutamate-forming]: AB. SMTL:PDB. SMTL Chain Id:. PDB Chain Id:. A. G ...

https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/1e5q.4

Urease glutamate dehydrogenase method. 1,2 -o-Dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid -(6-methylresorufin) ester lipase assay ...

https://www.fujifilm.com/ie/en/healthcare/veterinary/drichem/fdcnx700v

T2 - A Role for Glutamine in the Regulation of the Synthesis of NADP-Dependent Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Urease and Histidase ... High levels of glutamine were also required for the derepression of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase formation in the ... High levels of glutamine were also required for the derepression of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase formation in the ... High levels of glutamine were also required for the derepression of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase formation in the ...

https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/nitrogen-control-in-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-a-role-for-glutamine-i

Ostuni, A., Passarella, S., & Quagliariello, E. (1993). Photomodulation of glutamate dehydrogenase properties by red light. ...

https://sci-hub.se/https:/doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344

... selective and sensitive detection of glutamate in biological samples. The assay couples glutamate oxidation and NADH production ... The Glutamate-Glo™ Assay is a bioluminescent assay for rapid, ... Glutamate dehydrogenase uses glutamate and NAD+ to produce α- ... When Glutamate Detection Reagent, which contains glutamate dehydrogenase (GlutDH), NAD+, Reductase, Reductase Substrate and ... Glutamate titration curve. Dilutions of glutamate were prepared as described in Technical Manual TM495, and the Glutamate-Glo™ ...

https://www.promega.com/products/energy-metabolism/metabolite-detection-assays/glutamate-glo-assay/

Diagnostic test accuracy of glutamate dehydrogenase for Clostridium difficile: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep ... CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; NAAT, nucleic acid ... Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is an enzyme produced in large amounts by both toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of C. difficile ...

https://journals.lww.com/ajg/Fulltext/2021/06000/ACG_Clinical_Guidelines__Prevention,_Diagnosis,.12.aspx

Other names: C. difficile, Clostridium difficile, Glutamate dehydrogenase test GDH Clostridioides difficile, C. difficile toxin ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/c-diff-testing/

Permutation of diverse metabolic pathways at the mRNA level by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA is a common ... GDH-synthesized RNA probes homologous to the mRNAs encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate ... the concentrations of the α-ketoglutarate group of total glutamate, glutamine, arginine, proline, and histidine were minimized ... mutase (PGlycM), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), enolase, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate lyase (ICL), and ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=61824

89] In vivo simultaneous measurement of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the hyperammonemic rat ... 45] MRS studies of neuroenergetics and glutamate/glutamine exchange in rats: Extensions to hyperammonemic models. B. Lanz; V. ...

https://people.epfl.ch/cristina.cudalbu

glutamate dehydrogenase gdhA ArgP , CRP , FNR , Fur , Nac view gltB glutamate synthase, large subunit gltBDF AdiY , ArgR , CRP ... glutamate synthase, small subunit gltBDF AdiY , ArgR , CRP , FNR , Fur , GadE , HdfR , IHF , Lrp , Nac view ... succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) csiD-lhgO-gabDTP CRP , CsiR , Lrp , Nac view ... γ-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase ydcSTUV-patD Nac view serA serA CRP , Lrp , Nac view ...

https://regulondb.ccg.unam.mx/search?term=ECK120000089,ECK120001297,ECK120001298,ECK120003301,ECK120001300,ECK120001301,ECK120000354,ECK120000365,ECK120000396,ECK120000397,ECK120001469,ECK120001180,ECK120000368,ECK120003658,ECK120001896,ECK120003344,ECK120000933,ECK120003340,ECK120003341,ECK120003342,ECK120003343,&organism=ECK12&type=coexpression

Isolation and identification of the Aspergillus nidulans gdhA gene encoding NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase. ... sequence and regulation of expression of the Aspergillus nidulans gdhA gene encoding NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. ...

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/?f%5Bf_contributors__department%5D%5B%5D=Plant+Sciences&f%5Bf_contributors__division%5D%5B%5D=MPLS&f%5Bf_contributors__name%5D%5B%5D=Hawkins%2C+A

This method utilizes a coupled enzyme reaction (urease, followed by glutamate dehydrogenase), with measurement of NADH ( ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/limited_access/HUKM_H_R.htm

glutamate dehydrogenase 1. Tssr125071. 14. 34310766 to 34310778 12. +. TSS region. transcription start site region 125071. ...

https://phenome.jax.org/markers/search?searchterm=14%3A34297933-34317941

Shetty, N.; Wren, M.; Coen, P. The role of glutamate dehydrogenase for the detection of Clostridium difficile in faecal samples ... glutamate dehydrogenase assay, the detection of toxins by enzyme immunoassays, nucleic acid amplification-based molecular tests ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/12/1078

Liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase increased.. In 2015, I was diagnosed with glaucoma. ...

https://rxisk.org/pssd-withdrawal-small-fiber-neuropathy/?replytocom=35123

Enzy-matic assays showed that in BB536 the sorts of the enzymes involved in ammonia production (urease and amino acid deaminases) were rather few and their activities were weaker than observed in the harmful bacteria, whereas the activities of enzymes involved in ammonia assimilation (glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were much higher in BB536 than in the putrefactive bacteria. (go.jp)

Construction of a dimeric form of glutamate dehydrogenase from clostridium symbiosum by site-directed mutagenesis. (mpg.de)
Clostridium difficile produces and secretes a glutamate dehydrogenase (cdGDH). (listlabs.com)
Recombinant Clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase antigen with a histidine tag. (medixbiochemica.com)

Characterization of glutamate dehydrogenase from the ammonia oxidizing chemoautotroph Nitromonas europaea. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The key metabolite in this process appears to be glutamine or a product derived from it, since ammonia and glutamate did not repress urease and histidase synthesis in a mutant lacking glutamine synthetase activity when growth was limited for glutamine. (rug.nl)
By contrast, functional analysis using the SEED ontology found that sucrose induced changes in protein relative abundance patterns for pathways involving glycolysis, lactate production, aciduricity, and ammonia/glutamate metabolism that were conserved across taxonomically diverse dysbiotic oral microcosm biofilm communities. (biomedcentral.com)

GLUTAMATE DEHYDROGENASE (GLDH) is an enzyme which catalyzes the interconversion of glutamate and a-ketoglutarate. (universalbiologicals.com)
Glutamate Dehydrogenase (L-GLDH) ex. (krinslifescienceslab.ca)

Glutamate dehydrogenases are homooligomeric enzymes that catalyse the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to 2-oxoglutarate, thereby linking nitrogen metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (edu.au)
The synthesis of GSH from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine is catalyzed sequentially by two cytosolic enzymes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. (researchgate.net)

Isolation and identification of the Aspergillus nidulans gdhA gene encoding NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase. (ox.ac.uk)
Nucleotide sequence and regulation of expression of the Aspergillus nidulans gdhA gene encoding NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. (ox.ac.uk)
In 2004, knock out experiments of the gdhA gene which encodes glutamate dehydrogenase in N. meningitidis , confirmed the importance of glutamic acid metabolism towards growth and virulence. (kenyon.edu)

GLUD1 lox/lox (CNS-GLUD1−/−) mice leads to abnormal glutamate levels, abnormal hippocampal physiology or gene expression, or behavioral alterations relevant to SZ psychopathology. (haifa.ac.il)
Methods: Hippocampal samples from Glud1-deficient mice were analyzed for glutamate levels and for mRNA gene expression of excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) markers. (haifa.ac.il)
Nucleotide sequence of the promoter and amino-terminal coding region of the glutamate dehydrogenase structural gene of Escherichia coli. (wikigenes.org)
Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Glutamate Dehydrogenase Gene Defects in 26 Chinese Congenital Hyperinsulinemia Patients. (cdc.gov)

In addition to the recognition site for glutamate, the Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-preferring glutamate receptor subtype shows a binding site for glycine. (papersearch.net)
In this paper, we present the effects of 3-(4,6-dichloro-2-carboxymethylamino-5,7-dichloroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (MDL 29951), a potent inhibitor of glycine binding to the NMDA receptor, on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from bovine brains. (papersearch.net)

High levels of glutamine were also required for the derepression of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase formation in the glutamine synthetase-negative mutant. (rug.nl)
It accepts the amino group from glutamine and does not need N-acetyl glutamate to function. (vedantu.com)

NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) was purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 8602 (PAC 1). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Mutant strains lacking NADP-GDH and glutamate synthase (Gdh − Glt − ) required glutamate for growth. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It was concluded that NADP-GDH is not essential for growth of the wild-type organism and that glutamate formation via NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase does not occur to a significant extent. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A mutant strain, 39, producing high NADP-GDH activity, synthesized normal NADP-GDH and had the same intracellular glutamate concentrations as its parent. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Thus, Glud1 may play a critical role in SZ-related pathology, and moreover, glutamate metabolism in the hippocampus may drive SZ-related pathology. (haifa.ac.il)

animals were sacrificed at 30, 60, or 90 days for chemical analyses (serum glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase, lactic-dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, serum glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase, and serum triglycerides). (cdc.gov)

Permutation of diverse metabolic pathways at the mRNA level by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA is a common biotechnology for doubling the nutritious compositions of plants. (scirp.org)
Metabolic regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase. (carleton.ca)

ViroStat has announces the release of new monoclonal antibody pairs to clostridia glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (pathologyinpractice.com)

It also inhibited the activity of Na + /K + ATPase, glutamate dehydrogenase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione-S-transferase. (lidsen.com)

Glud1 encodes the GDH protein, a mitochondrial enzyme that converts glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate. (haifa.ac.il)

Novel glutamate dehydrogenase genes show increased transcript and protein abundances in mature tomato fruits. (mpg.de)
Our results showed that all dosages induced no significant alterations in growth parameters and the seric levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, when compared to the control group. (blogspot.com)

Recent findings indicate that expression of glutamate dehydrogenase (Glud1) mRNA is reduced in the hippocampus of patients with SZ, particularly in the CA1 subregion. (haifa.ac.il)

An NADP+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde to L-glutamyl 5-phosphate. (childrensmercy.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Hormonal regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in rat. (who.int)

Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants lacking glutamate synthase activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The rate of urea production in the liver is linked to N-acetyl-glutamate concentration. (vedantu.com)

A glutamate-dependent phenotype in E.coli K12 the result of two mutations. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Results: CNS-Glud1-deficient mice show elevated glutamate levels in the right hippocampus, and elevated expression of excitatory and inhibitory markers in dorsal, but not ventral, CA1. (haifa.ac.il)

For quantitative determination of glutamate dehydrogenase activity. (universalbiologicals.com)

Photomodulation of glutamate dehydrogenase properties by red light. (sci-hub.se)

The structure of human glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) has been determined in the absence of active site and regulatory ligands. (utmb.edu)
Deregulation of glutamate dehydrogenase in human neurologic disorders. (cdc.gov)

Cd significantly increased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), amyloidogenesis, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and the production of p53 and glutamate. (lidsen.com)

Salmonella typhimurium mutants with altered glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase activities. (microbiologyresearch.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)

Glutamate-5-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)

CPS I requires N-acetyl glutamate to function. (vedantu.com)
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Domain of unknown function (DUF1974) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase family [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

Compared to the structures of bovine GDH that were complexed with coenzyme and substrate, the NAD binding domain is rotated away from the glutamate-binding domain. (utmb.edu)

Anatomy6

Organisms13

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

The amino acid sequence of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. The tryptic peptides. (1/966)

The amino acid sequence of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. Peptides from digestion with a staphylococcal proteinase. (2/966)

The amino acid sequence of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. Peptic and chymotryptic peptides and the complete sequence. (3/966)

Activities of citrate synthase, NAD+-linked and NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in nervous tissues from vertebrates and invertebrates. (4/966)

The effect of bile salts and calcium on isolated rat liver mitochondria. (5/966)

Purification and characterization of cold-active L-glutamate dehydrogenase independent of NAD(P) and oxygen. (6/966)

Reactive cysteine residue of bovine brain glutamate dehydrogenase isoproteins. (7/966)

Cyclic AMP can decrease expression of genes subject to catabolite repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (8/966)

Glutamate Dehydrogenase

Glutamate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)

Glutamates

Glutamate Synthase

Ketoglutaric Acids

Glutamic Acid

NAD

NADP

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

Ammonia

Receptors, Glutamate

Malate Dehydrogenase

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Glutamine

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase

Kinetics

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases

Glutarates

Neurospora

Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Transaminases

Alcohol Oxidoreductases

Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

Hyperammonemia

Alanine Dehydrogenase

Neurospora crassa

Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase

Nitrogen

Succinate Dehydrogenase

Molecular Sequence Data

Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases

L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase

Amino Acid Sequence

Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase

Liver

Clostridium

Cattle

Glutaminase

Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase

Deamination

Aspartic Acid

Sodium Glutamate

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Aspartate Aminotransferases

Amino Acid Transport System X-AG

Amino Acids

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases

Mitochondria, Liver

Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidation-Reduction

Binding Sites

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Isoenzymes

Oxidoreductases

Glucose Dehydrogenases

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases

Adenosine Diphosphate

Amination

Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases

Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases

NADH Dehydrogenase

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Peptostreptococcus

Coenzymes

Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5

IMP Dehydrogenase

Mutation

Ammonium Chloride

Lactate Dehydrogenases

Malates

p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid

Escherichia coli

Formate Dehydrogenases