Glottis
Vocal Cords
Phonation
Larynx
Laryngoscopy
Laryngostenosis
Intubation, Intratracheal
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Hypopharynx
Laryngeal Cartilages
Fiber Optic Technology
Voice
Voice Quality
Laryngeal Muscles
Voice Disorders
Laryngeal Masks
Respiratory Aspiration
Pressure
Models, Anatomic
Preradiotherapy computed tomography as a predictor of local control in supraglottic carcinoma. (1/232)
PURPOSE: To determine the utility of pretreatment computed tomography (CT) for predicting primary site control in patients with supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pretreatment CT studies in 63 patients were reviewed. Minimum length of follow-up was 2 years. Local recurrence and treatment complications resulting in permanent loss of laryngeal function were documented. Tumor volume was calculated using a computer digitizer, and pre-epiglottic space (PES) spread was estimated. The data were analyzed using a combination of Fisher's exact test, logistic regression modeling, and multivariate analyses. Five-year local control rates were calculated using the product-limit method. RESULTS: Local control rates were inversely and roughly linearly related to tumor volume, although there seemed to be a threshold volume at which primary site prognosis diminished. Local control was 89% in tumors less than 6 cm3 and 52% when volumes were > or =6 cm3 (P = .0012). The likelihood of maintaining laryngeal function also varied with tumor volume: 89% for tumors less than 6 cm3 and 40% for tumors > or =6 cm3 (P = .00004). Pre-epiglottic space involvement by tumor of > or =25% was associated with a reduced chance of saving the larynx (P = .0076). Multivariate analyses revealed that only tumor volume independently altered these end points. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment CT measurements of tumor volume permits stratification of patients with supraglottic SCC treated with RT alone (which allows preservation of laryngeal function) into groups in which local control is more likely and less likely. Pre-epiglottic space spread is not a contraindication to using RT as the primary treatment for supraglottic SCC. (+info)Laryngeal movements during the respiratory cycle measured with an endoscopic imaging technique in the conscious horse at rest. (2/232)
A video-laryngoscopic method, implemented with an algorithm for the correction of the deformation inherent in the endoscope optical system, has been used to measure the dorsoventral diameter (Drg) and the cross-sectional area (CSArg) of the rima glottidis in five healthy workhorses during conscious breathing at rest. Simultaneous recording of the respiratory airflow was also obtained in two horses. Drg measured 82.7 +/- 4.5 mm (mean +/- S.D.) independently of the respiratory phase, and did not differ from the measurement in post-mortem anatomical specimens of the same horses. CSArg ranged from 1130 +/- 117 mm2 (mean +/- S.D.) during the inspiratory phase to 640 +/- 242 mm2 during the expiratory phase; being always narrower than tracheal cross-sectional area, which was 1616 +/- 224 mm2, as determined from anatomical specimens. Both inspiratory and expiratory airflow waves displayed a biphasic pattern. Maximal laryngeal opening occurred in phase with the second inspiratory peak, while during expiration CSArg attained a minimum value during the first expiratory peak which was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than the area subsequently maintained during the rest of the expiratiory phase. These quantitative measurements of equine laryngeal movements substantiate the important role played by the larynx in regulating upper airway respiratory resistance and the expiratory airflow pattern at rest. (+info)Efficiency of a new fiberoptic stylet scope in tracheal intubation. (3/232)
BACKGROUND: Failed or difficult tracheal intubation is an important cause of morbidity and mortality during anesthesia. Although a number of fiberoptic devices are available to circumvent this problem, many do not allow manual control of the flexion of the tip and necessitate time-consuming preparation, special training, or the use of an external light source. To improve these limitations, the authors designed a new fiberoptic stylet scope (FSS) that has a simple form of a standard stylet with the fiberoptic view and maneuverability of its tip. This study was undertaken to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of the FSS in tracheal intubation. METHODS: Thirty-two patients undergoing general surgery participated in this study. The authors used a standard laryngoscope only to elevate the tongue, then tracheal intubation was attempted with the glottic opening being viewed only through the FSS. The success rate, time necessary for intubation, hemodynamics, and adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: The success rate of tracheal intubation on the first attempt using the FSS was 94% (30 of 32 patients), and the remaining two patients were intubated successfully on the second attempt. The mean time necessary for the intubation procedure was 29+/-14 s in all patients (mean +/- SD). Changes in hemodynamics during intubation were well within acceptable ranges. There were no major adverse effects, but minor sore throat (28%) and minor hoarseness (25%) on the first postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheal intubation using the FSS proved to be a simple and effective technique for airway management. (+info)Left-molar approach improves the laryngeal view in patients with difficult laryngoscopy. (4/232)
BACKGROUND: The molar approach of laryngoscopy is reported to improve glottic view in sporadic cases of difficult laryngoscopy. The authors studied the effect of molar approaches and optimal external laryngeal manipulation (OELM) using the Macintosh blade. METHODS: A series of 1,015 adult patients who underwent general anesthesia and tracheal intubation was studied. Laryngoscopy was carried out using a Macintosh no. 3 or 4 standard blade. Three consecutive trials of direct laryngoscopy using the midline and left- and right-molar approaches were carried out under full muscle relaxation with optimal head and neck positioning. The best glottic views were recorded for each approach with and without OELM. RESULTS: Difficult laryngoscopy with a midline approach accounted for 6.5% (66 cases) before OELM and 1.97% (20 cases) after OELM. A left-molar approach with OELM further reduced difficult laryngoscopy to seven cases (P < 0.001 vs. midline approach with OELM); a right-molar approach with OELM reduced difficult laryngoscopy to 18 cases (P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: The left-molar approach with OELM improves the laryngeal view in patients with difficult laryngoscopy. (+info)Re-evaluation of appropriate size of the laryngeal mask airway. (5/232)
We have assessed 32 males and 31 females in a randomized, crossover study to see if there was any difference in the correct positioning of the laryngeal mask, optimal ventilation (defined as no gas leak around the mask at an airway pressure of 18 cm H2O) and cuff visibility between sizes 4 and 5 masks in males and sizes 3 and 4 in females. The position of the mask in relation to the glottis was assessed using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. There was no significant difference in correct positioning between the two sizes in either sex. Gas leak was significantly less frequent for a larger than a smaller mask (P < 0.01 for both sexes), whereas the cuff was more often seen in the mouth with larger masks (P < 0.02 for males and P < 0.01 for females). Therefore, larger masks (size 4 in females and size 5 in males) provided a better seal than smaller sizes without worsening the relative position of the mask to the glottis; however, the larger mask came up within the mouth more often, which could interfere with tonsillectomy and could increase the risk of sore throat or lingual nerve damage. (+info)Dynamic helical CT of T1 and T2 glottic carcinomas: predictive value for local control with radiation therapy. (6/232)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tumor volume and cartilage invasion have been suggested as prognostic factors of glottic carcinomas following definitive radiation therapy. Radiologic examinations provide additional information regarding the deep extension of tumor. We determined whether dynamic helical CT can predict local control of early (T1 and T2 stage) glottic carcinomas treated with definitive radiation therapy. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with early glottic carcinoma evaluated on pretreatment dynamic helical CT were treated with definitive radiation therapy. Tumor detectability, maximum dimension, tumor volume, and involvement of anatomic subsites (anterior commissure, ventricle, subglottic region, and thyroid and arytenoid cartilages) were determined by consensus by three radiologists without previous knowledge of the clinical information. The CT findings were correlated with local control. RESULTS: The two-year local control rate was 76%; 91% for T1 and 60% for T2 lesions. Univariate analysis revealed clinical T stage, tumor detectability, maximum dimension, tumor volume, anterior commissure involvement, ventricle involvement, and thyroid cartilage involvement as significant prognostic factors. Thyroid cartilage involvement was an independent predictor by multivariate analysis. The lesions separate from the thyroid cartilage had a 95% probability of local control, whereas the lesions adjacent to the cartilage had only a 42% control rate. CONCLUSION: Dynamic helical CT provides prognostic information for the results of definitive radiation therapy. Patients with a tumor adjacent to the thyroid cartilage had an increased risk of local failure. (+info)Contrast-enhanced conventional CT in patients after surgery for malignant tumors: evaluation of the optimal method of the administration of the contrast medium. (7/232)
Patients after ablative surgery for malignant tumors require computed tomography (CT) examination of a wide area on the head and neck to follow-up for recurrence and lymph metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine a more effective method for the infusion of the contrast medium into post-operative patients undergoing conventional CT, based on the relationship between the method of administering the contrast medium and the contrast-enhancing effect in the internal jugular vein. First eleven images were selected from the existing contrast-enhanced and plain CT images in a manner such that the CT values of the internal jugular vein were distributed evenly in a range of 50-180. Seven experienced observers evaluated the contrast-enhancing effect of each image set at a window value of 40 and window widths of 120, 200, and 280. Secondly, the CT values of the right internal jugular vein were measured in a total of 10 CT images from the thyroid to maxillary sinus level from each of 60 post-operative patients. The injection needles and contrast-enhancing techniques used in the 60 patients were drip infusion using an 18G injection needle in 20, drip infusion using a 21G injection needle with bolus intravenous injection immediately before scanning in 20, and drip infusion using a 23G injection needle with bolus intravenous injection immediately before scanning in 20. A CT value of 100 or above, preferably 120 or above, in the internal jugular vein was needed for the contrast-enhancing effect of a CT image to be judged as clinically significant. Our results found that, when a conventional CT was used in patients after surgery for malignant tumors, drip infusion using a 21G or 23G injection needle should be combined with bolus injections immediately before the beginning of scanning, and at the glottis or submandibular gland level during the scanning. A sufficient contrast-enhancing effect can also be obtained by drip infusion using an 18G injection needle without bolus injection. (+info)Supraglottic carcinoma: does preoperative radiotherapy reduce the incidence of cervical metastasis? (8/232)
OBJECTIVE: To compare surgery (S) alone with combined radiotherapy and surgery (R + S) in the management of patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer. METHODS: Between 1981 and 1994, patients were stratified according to stage and randomised to either surgery (S) or 4000cGy of radiotherapy and surgery. There were 102 patients in the S group and 99 in the R + S group who completed at least 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: Using Kaplan-Meier survival method showed no significant difference between the two groups. When the patients were grouped according to tumour stage, a significant reduction in the regional recurrence was noted in the R + S group for stage I-III disease (Cox multivariate analysis, P < 0.02). They had an increased relative risk of 1.8 (95% confidence 1.1-2.9) for neck recurrence. There was no significant difference in neck recurrence rates in the two groups for stage IV disease. When Cox proportional hazard model was used, only TNM stage (P < 0.02) and histological nodal status (positive lymph nodes, P < 0.01) were found to be independent risk factors for regional control. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiotherapy can improve regional cervical control of stage I-III supraglottic cancer as compared with surgery alone. (+info)The glottis is a medical term that refers to the opening between the vocal cords (the ligaments in the larynx that produce sound when air passes through them during speech) in the human throat or larynx. It is an important structure for breathing, swallowing, and producing sounds or speech. The glottis opens during inhalation to allow air into the lungs and closes during swallowing to prevent food or liquids from entering the trachea (windpipe) and lungs.
Vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are specialized bands of muscle, membrane, and connective tissue located within the larynx (voice box). They are essential for speech, singing, and other sounds produced by the human voice. The vocal cords vibrate when air from the lungs is passed through them, creating sound waves that vary in pitch and volume based on the tension, length, and mass of the vocal cords. These sound waves are then further modified by the resonance chambers of the throat, nose, and mouth to produce speech and other vocalizations.
Phonation is the process of sound production in speech, singing, or crying. It involves the vibration of the vocal folds (also known as the vocal cords) in the larynx, which is located in the neck. When air from the lungs passes through the vibrating vocal folds, it causes them to vibrate and produce sound waves. These sound waves are then shaped into speech sounds by the articulatory structures of the mouth, nose, and throat.
Phonation is a critical component of human communication and is used in various forms of verbal expression, such as speaking, singing, and shouting. It requires precise control of the muscles that regulate the tension, mass, and length of the vocal folds, as well as the air pressure and flow from the lungs. Dysfunction in phonation can result in voice disorders, such as hoarseness, breathiness, or loss of voice.
A laryngoscope is a medical device used for direct visualization of the larynx and surrounding structures, such as the vocal cords. It consists of a handle attached to a blade that can be inserted into the mouth and throat to retract the tongue and epiglottis, providing a clear view of the laryngeal inlet. Laryngoscopes come in different sizes and shapes, and they are used during various medical procedures such as tracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, and examination of the upper aerodigestive tract. There are two main types of laryngoscopes: direct laryngoscopes and video laryngoscopes. Direct laryngoscopes provide a direct line of sight to the larynx, while video laryngoscopes use a camera at the end of the blade to transmit images to a screen, allowing for better visualization and easier intubation.
The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a complex structure in the neck that plays a crucial role in protection of the lower respiratory tract and in phonation. It is composed of cartilaginous, muscular, and soft tissue structures. The primary functions of the larynx include:
1. Airway protection: During swallowing, the larynx moves upward and forward to close the opening of the trachea (the glottis) and prevent food or liquids from entering the lungs. This action is known as the swallowing reflex.
2. Phonation: The vocal cords within the larynx vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound that forms the basis of human speech and voice production.
3. Respiration: The larynx serves as a conduit for airflow between the upper and lower respiratory tracts during breathing.
The larynx is located at the level of the C3-C6 vertebrae in the neck, just above the trachea. It consists of several important structures:
1. Cartilages: The laryngeal cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages, as well as the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. These form a framework for the larynx and provide attachment points for various muscles.
2. Vocal cords: The vocal cords are thin bands of mucous membrane that stretch across the glottis (the opening between the arytenoid cartilages). They vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound.
3. Muscles: There are several intrinsic and extrinsic muscles associated with the larynx. The intrinsic muscles control the tension and position of the vocal cords, while the extrinsic muscles adjust the position and movement of the larynx within the neck.
4. Nerves: The larynx is innervated by both sensory and motor nerves. The recurrent laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except for one muscle called the cricothyroid, which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Sensory innervation is provided by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The larynx plays a crucial role in several essential functions, including breathing, speaking, and protecting the airway during swallowing. Dysfunction or damage to the larynx can result in various symptoms, such as hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, or stridor (a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration).
Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the examination of the larynx, which is the upper part of the windpipe (trachea), and the vocal cords using a specialized instrument called a laryngoscope. The laryngoscope is inserted through the mouth or nose to provide a clear view of the larynx and surrounding structures. This procedure can be performed for diagnostic purposes, such as identifying abnormalities like growths, inflammation, or injuries, or for therapeutic reasons, such as removing foreign objects or taking tissue samples for biopsy. There are different types of laryngoscopes and techniques used depending on the reason for the examination and the patient's specific needs.
Laryngostenosis is a medical term that refers to a condition where the larynx (or voice box) becomes narrowed. This can occur due to various reasons such as scarring, swelling, or growths in the laryngeal area. The narrowing can cause difficulty with breathing, swallowing, and speaking. In severe cases, it may require medical intervention, such as surgery, to correct the problem.
Intubation, intratracheal is a medical procedure in which a flexible plastic or rubber tube called an endotracheal tube (ETT) is inserted through the mouth or nose, passing through the vocal cords and into the trachea (windpipe). This procedure is performed to establish and maintain a patent airway, allowing for the delivery of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide during mechanical ventilation in various clinical scenarios, such as:
1. Respiratory failure or arrest
2. Procedural sedation
3. Surgery under general anesthesia
4. Neuromuscular disorders
5. Ingestion of toxic substances
6. Head and neck trauma
7. Critical illness or injury affecting the airway
The process of intubation is typically performed by trained medical professionals, such as anesthesiologists, emergency medicine physicians, or critical care specialists, using direct laryngoscopy or video laryngoscopy to visualize the vocal cords and guide the ETT into the correct position. Once placed, the ETT is secured to prevent dislodgement, and the patient's respiratory status is continuously monitored to ensure proper ventilation and oxygenation.
Laryngeal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the larynx, also known as the voice box. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Laryngeal neoplasms can affect any part of the larynx, including the vocal cords, epiglottis, and the area around the vocal cords called the ventricle.
Benign laryngeal neoplasms may include papillomas, hemangiomas, or polyps. Malignant laryngeal neoplasms are typically squamous cell carcinomas, which account for more than 95% of all malignant laryngeal tumors. Other types of malignant laryngeal neoplasms include adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma.
Risk factors for developing laryngeal neoplasms include smoking, alcohol consumption, exposure to industrial chemicals, and a history of acid reflux. Symptoms may include hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, sore throat, ear pain, or a lump in the neck. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.
The hypopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx, which is the muscular tube that extends from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and trachea. The hypopharynx lies posterior to the larynx and is divided into three regions: the pyriform (or piriform) sinuses, the postcricoid area, and the posterior pharyngeal wall. It serves as a passageway for both food and air, and any abnormalities or diseases in this region can lead to swallowing difficulties, aspiration, and other serious medical conditions.
Laryngeal cartilages refer to the various pieces of cartilage that make up the structure of the larynx, also known as the voice box. The larynx is a crucial part of the respiratory system, located in the neck between the pharynx and the trachea. It plays a vital role in protecting the lower airways from food or drink entering the windpipe, as well as producing sound during speech.
There are several laryngeal cartilages, including:
1. Thyroid cartilage: This is the largest and most superior of the laryngeal cartilages. It forms the Adam's apple in men and has a prominent notch in the front called the thyroid notch. The thyroid cartilage protects the larynx and provides attachment for various muscles and ligaments.
2. Cricoid cartilage: This is the only complete ring of cartilage in the airway and lies inferior to the thyroid cartilage. It has a broad, flat superior portion called the cricoid lamina and a narrower, more curved inferior portion called the cricoid arch. The cricoid cartilage serves as an attachment site for several muscles and ligaments involved in breathing and swallowing.
3. Arytenoid cartilages: These are paired, pyramid-shaped structures that sit on top of the cricoid cartilage. They help form the posterior portion of the laryngeal inlet and provide attachment for the vocal cords (vocal folds). The arytenoid cartilages play a crucial role in voice production and respiration.
4. Corniculate cartilages: These are small, conical-shaped structures that project from the superior aspect of each arytenoid cartilage. They help form the most posterior portion of the laryngeal inlet.
5. Cuneiform cartilages: These are tiny, flat, crescent-shaped structures located near the corniculate cartilages. They also contribute to forming the posterior aspect of the laryngeal inlet.
These laryngeal cartilages work together to protect the airway, facilitate breathing, and enable voice production.
Fiber optic technology in the medical context refers to the use of thin, flexible strands of glass or plastic fibers that are designed to transmit light and images along their length. These fibers are used to create bundles, known as fiber optic cables, which can be used for various medical applications such as:
1. Illumination: Fiber optics can be used to deliver light to hard-to-reach areas during surgical procedures or diagnostic examinations.
2. Imaging: Fiber optics can transmit images from inside the body, enabling doctors to visualize internal structures and tissues. This is commonly used in medical imaging techniques such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, and laparoscopy.
3. Sensing: Fiber optic sensors can be used to measure various physiological parameters such as temperature, pressure, and strain within the body. These sensors can provide real-time data during surgical procedures or for monitoring patients' health status.
Fiber optic technology offers several advantages over traditional medical imaging techniques, including high resolution, flexibility, small diameter, and the ability to bend around corners without significant loss of image quality. Additionally, fiber optics are non-magnetic and can be used in MRI environments without causing interference.
In medical terms, the term "voice" refers to the sound produced by vibration of the vocal cords caused by air passing out from the lungs during speech, singing, or breathing. It is a complex process that involves coordination between respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory systems. Any damage or disorder in these systems can affect the quality, pitch, loudness, and flexibility of the voice.
The medical field dealing with voice disorders is called Phoniatrics or Voice Medicine. Voice disorders can present as hoarseness, breathiness, roughness, strain, weakness, or a complete loss of voice, which can significantly impact communication, social interaction, and quality of life.
Voice quality, in the context of medicine and particularly in otolaryngology (ear, nose, and throat medicine), refers to the characteristic sound of an individual's voice that can be influenced by various factors. These factors include the vocal fold vibration, respiratory support, articulation, and any underlying medical conditions.
A change in voice quality might indicate a problem with the vocal folds or surrounding structures, neurological issues affecting the nerves that control vocal fold movement, or other medical conditions. Examples of terms used to describe voice quality include breathy, hoarse, rough, strained, or tense. A detailed analysis of voice quality is often part of a speech-language pathologist's assessment and can help in diagnosing and managing various voice disorders.
The laryngeal muscles are a group of skeletal muscles located in the larynx, also known as the voice box. These muscles play a crucial role in breathing, swallowing, and producing sounds for speech. They include:
1. Cricothyroid muscle: This muscle helps to tense the vocal cords and adjust their pitch during phonation (voice production). It is the only laryngeal muscle that is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Instead, it is supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
2. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle: This muscle is primarily responsible for abducting (opening) the vocal cords during breathing and speaking. It is the only muscle that can abduct the vocal cords.
3. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: This muscle adducts (closes) the vocal cords during phonation, swallowing, and coughing.
4. Transverse arytenoid muscle: This muscle also contributes to adduction of the vocal cords, working together with the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. It also helps to relax and lengthen the vocal cords during quiet breathing.
5. Oblique arytenoid muscle: This muscle is involved in adducting, rotating, and shortening the vocal cords. It works together with the transverse arytenoid muscle to provide fine adjustments for voice production.
6. Thyroarytenoid muscle (Vocalis): This muscle forms the main body of the vocal cord and is responsible for its vibration during phonation. The vocalis portion of the muscle helps control pitch and tension in the vocal cords.
These muscles work together to enable various functions of the larynx, such as breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
Voice disorders are conditions that affect the quality, pitch, or volume of a person's voice. These disorders can result from damage to or abnormalities in the vocal cords, which are the small bands of muscle located in the larynx (voice box) that vibrate to produce sound.
There are several types of voice disorders, including:
1. Vocal cord dysfunction: This occurs when the vocal cords do not open and close properly, resulting in a weak or breathy voice.
2. Vocal cord nodules: These are small growths that form on the vocal cords as a result of excessive use or misuse of the voice, such as from shouting or singing too loudly.
3. Vocal cord polyps: These are similar to nodules but are usually larger and can cause more significant changes in the voice.
4. Laryngitis: This is an inflammation of the vocal cords that can result from a viral infection, overuse, or exposure to irritants such as smoke.
5. Muscle tension dysphonia: This occurs when the muscles around the larynx become tense and constricted, leading to voice changes.
6. Paradoxical vocal fold movement: This is a condition in which the vocal cords close when they should be open, causing breathing difficulties and a weak or breathy voice.
7. Spasmodic dysphonia: This is a neurological disorder that causes involuntary spasms of the vocal cords, resulting in voice breaks and difficulty speaking.
Voice disorders can cause significant impairment in communication, social interactions, and quality of life. Treatment may include voice therapy, medication, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause of the disorder.
A laryngeal mask is a type of supraglottic airway device that is used in anesthesia and critical care to secure the airway during procedures or respiratory support. It consists of an inflatable cuff that is inserted into the hypopharynx, behind the tongue, and above the laryngeal opening. The cuff forms a low-pressure seal around the laryngeal inlet, allowing for the delivery of ventilated gases to the lungs while minimizing the risk of aspiration.
Laryngeal masks are often used as an alternative to endotracheal intubation, especially in cases where intubation is difficult or contraindicated. They are also used in emergency situations for airway management and during resuscitation efforts. Laryngeal masks come in various sizes and designs, with some models allowing for the placement of a gastric tube to decompress the stomach and reduce the risk of regurgitation and aspiration.
Overall, laryngeal masks provide a safe and effective means of securing the airway while minimizing trauma and discomfort to the patient.
Respiratory aspiration is defined as the entry of foreign materials (such as food, liquids, or vomit) into the lower respiratory tract during swallowing, which includes the trachea and lungs. This can lead to respiratory complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or lung abscesses. Aspiration can occur in individuals with impaired swallowing function due to various conditions like neurological disorders, stroke, or anesthesia.
In medical terms, pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area on an object or body surface. It is often measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) in clinical settings. For example, blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries and is recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (when the heart beats and pushes blood out) and diastolic pressure (when the heart rests between beats).
Pressure can also refer to the pressure exerted on a wound or incision to help control bleeding, or the pressure inside the skull or spinal canal. High or low pressure in different body systems can indicate various medical conditions and require appropriate treatment.
Anatomic models are three-dimensional representations of body structures used for educational, training, or demonstration purposes. They can be made from various materials such as plastic, wax, or rubber and may depict the entire body or specific regions, organs, or systems. These models can be used to provide a visual aid for understanding anatomy, physiology, and pathology, and can be particularly useful in situations where actual human specimens are not available or practical to use. They may also be used for surgical planning and rehearsal, as well as in medical research and product development.
Equipment design, in the medical context, refers to the process of creating and developing medical equipment and devices, such as surgical instruments, diagnostic machines, or assistive technologies. This process involves several stages, including:
1. Identifying user needs and requirements
2. Concept development and brainstorming
3. Prototyping and testing
4. Design for manufacturing and assembly
5. Safety and regulatory compliance
6. Verification and validation
7. Training and support
The goal of equipment design is to create safe, effective, and efficient medical devices that meet the needs of healthcare providers and patients while complying with relevant regulations and standards. The design process typically involves a multidisciplinary team of engineers, clinicians, designers, and researchers who work together to develop innovative solutions that improve patient care and outcomes.
Rheology is not a term that is specific to medicine, but rather it is a term used in the field of physics to describe the flow and deformation of matter. It specifically refers to the study of how materials flow or deform under various stresses or strains. This concept can be applied to various medical fields such as studying the flow properties of blood (hematology), understanding the movement of tissues and organs during surgical procedures, or analyzing the mechanical behavior of biological materials like bones and cartilages.
Glottis
Nick Ascroft
Thyroplasty
Place of articulation
Grim Fandango
Glossopharyngeal breathing
Vocal cords
Retching
Karl-Wolfgang Zschiesche
Laryngoscopy
Histology of the vocal cords
Co-articulated consonant
Doubly articulated consonant
Crying
Implosive consonant
Rapid sequence induction
Larynx
Artiodactyl
International Phonetic Alphabet
Frenzel maneuver
Glottalized click
Glottal consonant
Glottalization
Valsalva maneuver
John Esling
Aleph
Ballistic syllable
Reptile
Bichir
Extended vocal technique
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Larynx5
- Glottis Larynx, pharynx and tongue. (wikipedia.org)
- 6) The Valsava response occurs when air is forced against a closed glottis (the narrowest part of the larynx, through which air passes into and out of the trachea). (bdword.com)
- The phonatory process, or voicing, occurs when air is expelled from the lungs through the glottis , creating a pressure drop across the larynx. (translationdirectory.com)
- The glottis (the middle part of the larynx, including the vocal cords). (cancer.gov)
- The three parts of the larynx are the supraglottis (including the epiglottis), the glottis (including the vocal cords), and the subglottis. (cancer.gov)
Airflow1
- This sound is produced by keeping the vocal folds spread somewhat, resulting in non-turbulent airflow through the glottis. (wikipedia.org)
Trachea3
- 11) Cough, pronounced coff, is onomatopoeic in origin, from the sound of the closure of the glottis plus the sound of air whizzing or wheezing through the trachea. (bdword.com)
- 15) Then the blunt wire was introduced inside the trachea when the glottis was open. (bdword.com)
- However, actually getting the ETT through the glottis and into the trachea can pose a challenge, particularly in patients with an anterior airway. (medgadget.com)
Expiratory2
- 1) During the compressive phase, the glottis is closed and the expiratory muscles start to contract. (bdword.com)
- Forced expiratory effort against a closed GLOTTIS. (bvsalud.org)
Paralysis1
- Paralysis of glottis. (abchomeopathy.com)
Diaphragm2
- Hiccups are thought to be caused by an involuntary contraction, or spasm, of the diaphragm, followed by contraction of the glottis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Hiccups are repeated involuntary spasms of the diaphragm, followed by quick, noisy closings of the glottis. (msdmanuals.com)
Vocal3
- The glottis (PL: glottises or glottides) is the opening between the vocal folds (the rima glottidis). (wikipedia.org)
- The glottis is crucial in producing sound from the vocal folds. (wikipedia.org)
- The glottis is the opening between the vocal cords, which closes to stop the flow of air to the lungs. (msdmanuals.com)
Valsalva2
- citation needed] The glottis is also important in the Valsalva maneuver. (wikipedia.org)
- 14) Interestingly, Valsalva maneuvers against pinched nostrils and closed glottis did, however, produce upward deflection of the eyes. (bdword.com)
Definitions1
- Meaning and definitions of glottis, translation in Bangla language for glottis with similar and opposite words. (bdword.com)
Choking sensation1
- 7) In bulbar patients, a nonfunctioning glottis can cause an uncomfortable choking sensation, making mouth pressure measurements difficult. (bdword.com)
Scope3
- A common mistake many new VL users will make is placing the end of the scope too close to the glottis. (medgadget.com)
- When this happens, the end of the scope will actually get in the way of the tip of the ETT as you try to navigate it into the glottis. (medgadget.com)
- Instead, back the scope away from the glottis. (medgadget.com)
Tongue1
- Protective sheath located in front of the glottis into which the tongue retracts. (ikonet.com)
Occurs1
- When incoming air strikes the glottis, the characteristic hiccup sound occurs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Closes1
- 13) The glottis suddenly closes and stops the inflow of air resulting in the sound of a hiccup. (bdword.com)
Examples1
- What glottis means in Bangla, glottis meaning in Bangla, glottis definition, examples and pronunciation of glottis in Bangla language. (bdword.com)
Sound1
- The sound is made by briefly constricting the airway in the throat (at the glottis, or voicebox). (mudcat.org)
English1
- Also find spoken pronunciation of glottis in Bangla and in English language. (bdword.com)
Response1
- Hydrophobia (defined as phobic generalized spasms and inspiratory spasms against a closed glottis in response to the offer of a glass of water) or aerophobia (a similar response to blowing air across the cheek) were defined clinically as rabies encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
Laryngeal3
- Glottis laryngeal cancer: The tumor is located on the vocal cords and has not changed the ability of the vocal cords to move (this produces sound/speech). (oncolink.org)
- Glottis laryngeal cancer: The tumor is in the glottis and has grown to the supraglottis and/or subglotis. (oncolink.org)
- In addition, ONN and CNN were applied to predict the location of the glottis in laryngeal images. (nih.gov)
Location of the glottis1
- Because of the location of the glottis (opening of the windpipe) on the floor of the mouth, snakes with mouth infections, sinus infections or eye infections are more prone to develop pneumonia. (petplace.com)
Opening between the vocal3
- The glottis (PL: glottises or glottides) is the opening between the vocal folds (the rima glottidis). (wikipedia.org)
- Consonants are produced as air from the lungs is pushed through the glottis (the opening between the vocal cords) and out the mouth. (ielanguages.com)
- This causes inhalation to be cut short by closure of the glottis (the opening between the vocal chords). (sciencedaily.com)
Lungs1
- emphasis being performed by the lungs, accent by the contraction or dilatation of the glottis. (google.be)
Cancer1
- 20. Cancer of the glottis: prognostic factors in radiation therapy. (nih.gov)
Glottal1
- Tecplot enables us to view the 3D vortex structure, the glottal jet flow and the movement of the glottis. (tecplot.com)
Specialists1
- At Glottis, we are specialists in providing the logistic service that is demanded by customers. (fba-fee.com)
Area1
- Glottis area measurements and spirometry, as well as a self-assessment of respiratory efficiency were performed before the surgery and after the recovery period. (hindawi.com)
Voice2
- They suppressed their voice during this time to avoid spasmodic closures of the glottis. (buffalo.edu)
- Glottis injection to improve voice function : Review of more than 500 operations]. (bvsalud.org)
University1
- States of the Glottis (Esling & Harris, University of Victoria) Universität Stuttgart Speech production De Menezes Lyra, Roberto (1999). (wikipedia.org)
Year1
- INTRODUCTION:Glottis is a fast-growing freight forwarding company handling all over India started in the year 2004. (fba-fee.com)
Made1
- Using the CFD method, computer models of the glottis were made. (hindawi.com)