Lower Extremity: The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Upper Extremity: The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER.Extremities: The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.Amputation: The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)Leg Injuries: General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.Object Attachment: Emotional attachment to someone or something in the environment.Bones of Lower Extremity: The bones of the upper and lower LEG. They include the PELVIC BONES.Peripheral Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.Leg Bones: The bones of the free part of the lower extremity in humans and of any of the four extremities in animals. It includes the FEMUR; PATELLA; TIBIA; and FIBULA.Ischemia: A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.Limb Salvage: An alternative to amputation in patients with neoplasms, ischemia, fractures, and other limb-threatening conditions. Generally, sophisticated surgical procedures such as vascular surgery and reconstruction are used to salvage diseased limbs.Peripheral Arterial Disease: Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.Veins: The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.Arm: The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.Femoral Vein: The vein accompanying the femoral artery in the same sheath; it is a continuation of the popliteal vein and becomes the external iliac vein.Vascular Patency: The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.Knee: A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Intermittent Claudication: A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.Popliteal Vein: The vein formed by the union of the anterior and posterior tibial veins; it courses through the popliteal space and becomes the femoral vein.Gait: Manner or style of walking.Walking: An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.Tibial Arteries: The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.Leg Ulcer: Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.Arterial Occlusive Diseases: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.Foot Bones: The TARSAL BONES; METATARSAL BONES; and PHALANGES OF TOES. The tarsal bones consists of seven bones: CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid; navicular; internal; middle; and external cuneiform bones. The five metatarsal bones are numbered one through five, running medial to lateral. There are 14 phalanges in each foot, the great toe has two while the other toes have three each.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Foot Injuries: General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.Gangrene: Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.Diabetic Foot: Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.Arm Injuries: General or unspecified injuries involving the arm.Popliteal Artery: The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.Ankle: The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.Muscle Strength: The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.Atherectomy: Endovascular procedure in which atheromatous plaque is excised by a cutting or rotating catheter. It differs from balloon and laser angioplasty procedures which enlarge vessels by dilation but frequently do not remove much plaque. If the plaque is removed by surgical excision under general anesthesia rather than by an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ENDARTERECTOMY.Toes: Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.Athletic Injuries: Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Knee Joint: A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.Ankle Brachial Index: Comparison of the BLOOD PRESSURE between the BRACHIAL ARTERY and the POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. It is a predictor of PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE.Bones of Upper Extremity: The bones of the upper and lower ARM. They include the CLAVICLE and SCAPULA.Ankle Joint: The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.Virus Attachment: The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.Reactive Attachment Disorder: Markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness that begins before age 5 and is associated with grossly pathological child care. The child may persistently fail to initiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way (inhibited type) or there may be a pattern of diffuse attachments with nondiscriminate sociability (disinhibited type). (From DSM-V)Iliac Vein: A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital: Congenital structural abnormalities of the LOWER EXTREMITY.Vascular System Injuries: Injuries to blood vessels caused by laceration, contusion, puncture, or crush and other types of injuries. Symptoms vary by site and mode of injuries and may include bleeding, bruising, swelling, pain, and numbness. It does not include injuries secondary to pathologic function or diseases such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Saphenous Vein: The vein which drains the foot and leg.Thigh: The portion of the leg in humans and other animals found between the HIP and KNEE.Lymphedema: Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.Soft Tissue Neoplasms: Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.Range of Motion, Articular: The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Venous Insufficiency: Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.Mobility Limitation: Difficulty in walking from place to place.Sarcoma: A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).ShoesPhlebography: Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.Hip Joint: The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar PAIN resulting from physical and biochemical changes in the patellofemoral joint. The pain is most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting with flexed knees. There is a lack of consensus on the etiology and treatment. The syndrome is often confused with (or accompanied by) CHONDROMALACIA PATELLAE, the latter describing a pathological condition of the CARTILAGE and not a syndrome.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Reoperation: A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.Recovery of Function: A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.Posture: The position or attitude of the body.Movement: The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.AmputeesHemiplegia: Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.Soft Tissue Injuries: Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".Paraparesis: Mild to moderate loss of bilateral lower extremity motor function, which may be a manifestation of SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; MUSCULAR DISEASES; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; parasagittal brain lesions; and other conditions.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Hip: The projecting part on each side of the body, formed by the side of the pelvis and the top portion of the femur.Ankle Injuries: Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.Paresis: A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.Cell Adhesion: Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.Fascia: Layers of connective tissue of variable thickness. The superficial fascia is found immediately below the skin; the deep fascia invests MUSCLES, nerves, and other organs.Embolectomy: Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material which has been transported from a distant vessel by the bloodstream. Removal of a clot at its original site is called THROMBECTOMY.Soccer: A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.Foot Diseases: Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation: Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.Iliac Artery: Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.Compression Bandages: Strips of elastic material used to apply pressure to body parts to control EDEMA and aid circulation.Muscle Weakness: A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Weight-Bearing: The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.Bacterial Adhesion: Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.Graft Occlusion, Vascular: Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS of an upper extremity vein (e.g., AXILLARY VEIN; SUBCLAVIAN VEIN; and JUGULAR VEINS). It is associated with mechanical factors (Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Primary) secondary to other anatomic factors (Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, Secondary). Symptoms may include sudden onset of pain, warmth, redness, blueness, and swelling in the arm.Surgical Flaps: Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying parts but often still attached at one end. They retain their own microvasculature which is also transferred to the new site. They are often used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region.Abbreviated Injury Scale: Classification system for assessing impact injury severity developed and published by the American Association for Automotive Medicine. It is the system of choice for coding single injuries and is the foundation for methods assessing multiple injuries or for assessing cumulative effects of more than one injury. These include Maximum AIS (MAIS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Probability of Death Score (PODS).Attachment Sites, Microbiological: Specific loci on both the bacterial DNA (attB) and the phage DNA (attP) which delineate the sites where recombination takes place between them, as the phage DNA becomes integrated (inserted) into the BACTERIAL DNA during LYSOGENY.Fractures, Bone: Breaks in bones.Tibia: The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Arteriosclerosis Obliterans: Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.Musculoskeletal Diseases: Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.Postural Balance: A POSTURE in which an ideal body mass distribution is achieved. Postural balance provides the body carriage stability and conditions for normal functions in stationary position or in movement, such as sitting, standing, or walking.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Lymphography: Radiographic study of the lymphatic system following injection of dye or contrast medium.Pulmonary Embolism: Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.Fibula: The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.Sports Equipment: Equipment required for engaging in a sport (such as balls, bats, rackets, skis, skates, ropes, weights) and devices for the protection of athletes during their performance (such as masks, gloves, mouth pieces).Varicose Veins: Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome: A congenital disorder that is characterized by a triad of capillary malformations (HEMANGIOMA), venous malformations (ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA), and soft tissue or bony hypertrophy of the limb. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the VG5Q gene which encodes a strong angiogenesis stimulator.Paraplegia: Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.Foot Ulcer: Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Lumbosacral Region: Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures.Catheterization, Peripheral: Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A strong ligament of the knee that originates from the posteromedial portion of the lateral condyle of the femur, passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the condyles, and attaches to the depression in front of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia.Knee Injuries: Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.Disability Evaluation: Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.Wounds and Injuries: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.Blood Vessel Prosthesis: Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.Braces: Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)Tibial FracturesEdema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Matrix Attachment Regions: Regions of the CHROMATIN or DNA that bind to the NUCLEAR MATRIX. They are found in INTERGENIC DNA, especially flanking the 5' ends of genes or clusters of genes. Many of the regions that have been isolated contain a bipartite sequence motif called the MAR/SAR recognition signature sequence that binds to MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGION BINDING PROTEINS.Artificial Limbs: Prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof.Crutches: Wooden or metal staffs designed to aid a person in walking. (UMDNS,1999)Running: An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace.Leg Dermatoses: A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Cellulitis: An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Angioplasty: Reconstruction or repair of a blood vessel, which includes the widening of a pathological narrowing of an artery or vein by the removal of atheromatous plaque material and/or the endothelial lining as well, or by dilatation (BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY) to compress an ATHEROMA. Except for ENDARTERECTOMY, usually these procedures are performed via catheterization as minimally invasive ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.Exercise Therapy: A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.Ergometry: Any method of measuring the amount of work done by an organism, usually during PHYSICAL EXERTION. Ergometry also includes measures of power. Some instruments used in these determinations include the hand crank and the bicycle ergometer.Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.Walkers: Walking aids generally having two handgrips and four legs.Muscle Strength Dynamometer: A device that measures MUSCLE STRENGTH during muscle contraction, such as gripping, pushing, and pulling. It is used to evaluate the health status of muscle in sports medicine or physical therapy.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Debridement: The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)Muscle Spasticity: A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)Vena Cava Filters: Mechanical devices inserted in the inferior vena cava that prevent the migration of blood clots from deep venous thrombosis of the leg.Dependent Ambulation: To move about or walk on foot with the use of aids.Contracture: Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.Periodontal Attachment Loss: Loss or destruction of periodontal tissue caused by periodontitis or other destructive periodontal diseases or by injury during instrumentation. Attachment refers to the periodontal ligament which attaches to the alveolar bone. It has been hypothesized that treatment of the underlying periodontal disease and the seeding of periodontal ligament cells enable the creating of new attachment.New England: The geographic area of New England in general and when the specific state or states are not indicated. States usually included in this region are Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.Compartment Syndromes: Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.Physical Therapy Modalities: Therapeutic modalities frequently used in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY by PHYSICAL THERAPISTS or physiotherapists to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.Angioplasty, Balloon: Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Adhesiveness: A property of the surface of an object that makes it stick to another surface.Kinetochores: Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.Pelvis: The space or compartment surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis). It is subdivided into the greater pelvis and LESSER PELVIS. The pelvic girdle is formed by the PELVIC BONES and SACRUM.Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material from a blood vessel at the point of its formation. Removal of a clot arising from a distant site is called EMBOLECTOMY.Heel: The back (or posterior) of the FOOT in PRIMATES, found behind the ANKLE and distal to the TOES.Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena: Processes and properties of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.Ectromelia: Gross hypo- or aplasia of one or more long bones of one or more limbs. The concept includes amelia, hemimelia, phocomelia, and sirenomelia.Postthrombotic Syndrome: A condition caused by one or more episodes of DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, usually the blood clots are lodged in the legs. Clinical features include EDEMA; PAIN; aching; heaviness; and MUSCLE CRAMP in the leg. When severe leg swelling leads to skin breakdown, it is called venous STASIS ULCER.Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical: Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Foot Joints: The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.Wound Healing: Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.Spinal Cord Injuries: Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.Cumulative Trauma Disorders: Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.Aneurysm: Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.Electric Stimulation Therapy: Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.Peripheral Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Polytetrafluoroethylene: Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.Gravity Suits: Double-layered inflatable suits which, when inflated, exert pressure on the lower part of the wearer's body. The suits are used to improve or stabilize the circulatory state, i.e., to prevent hypotension, control hemorrhage, and regulate blood pressure. The suits are also used by pilots under positive acceleration.Movement Disorders: Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Inguinal Canal: The tunnel in the lower anterior ABDOMINAL WALL through which the SPERMATIC CORD, in the male; ROUND LIGAMENT, in the female; nerves; and vessels pass. Its internal end is at the deep inguinal ring and its external end is at the superficial inguinal ring.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Injections, Epidural: The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.Orthotic Devices: Apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.Muscle Stretching Exercises: Exercises that stretch the muscle fibers with the aim to increase muscle-tendon FLEXIBILITY, improve RANGE OF MOTION or musculoskeletal function, and prevent injuries. There are various types of stretching techniques including active, passive (relaxed), static, dynamic (gentle), ballistic (forced), isometric, and others.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Databases as Topic: Organized collections of computer records, standardized in format and content, that are stored in any of a variety of computer-readable modes. They are the basic sets of data from which computer-readable files are created. (from ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Nerve Block: Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.Podiatry: A specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders and injuries and anatomic defects of the foot.Diabetes Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.Wounds, Penetrating: Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.Injury Severity Score: An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.Skin Diseases, Vascular: Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.Diabetic Neuropathies: Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.Wounds, Gunshot: Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.Lumbosacral Plexus: The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices: Instruments that generate intermittent forces, uniformed or graduated, to facilitate the emptying of VEINS. These devices are used to reduce limb EDEMA and prevent venous THROMBOEMBOLISM, such as deep vein thrombosis in the legs.Buttocks: Either of two fleshy protuberances at the lower posterior section of the trunk or HIP in humans and primate on which a person or animal sits, consisting of gluteal MUSCLES and fat.Reconstructive Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.Foot Deformities, Congenital: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.
Tibia
Lower extremity of tibia - wikidoc
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ConvexMedialUpward and backwardLigamentsGives attachmentBoneUpper extremitiesLaterallySternalDistalArticularSurfacesFemurTendonSpinalTransverseSeparatesDisabilitiesHumerusFalling forward or backwardInferiorDownwardThoracicTibiaLumbarCone-shapedBonesLateralwardCartilageNeurovascularThighNeckAdductorWeaknessLimbsLongitudinalKneeProximal attachmentFlexionGrooveMedullaryBodySpineSpinous processRibsExtentChild'sUnitesForwardSemilunarLigament
Convex6
- The lateral, nearly circular, is concave from side to side, but slightly convex from before backward, especially at its posterior part, where it is prolonged on to the posterior surface for a short distance. (wikipedia.org)
- it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity. (wikipedia.org)
- The tibial surfaces of the condyles are convex from side to side and from before backward. (wikipedia.org)
- The posterior border is convex, rough, thicker than the anterior, and gives attachment to the Trapezius. (theodora.com)
- The lower curve is convex ventrally, since the caudal portion of the embryo is bent sharply backward at about right angles to its longitudinal axis. (edu.au)
- The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. (mashpedia.com)
Medial18
- The proximal or upper extremity of the tibia is expanded in the transverse plane with a medial and lateral condyle, which are both flattened in the horizontal plane. (wikipedia.org)
- Together with the medial and lateral condyle the intercondylar region forms the tibial plateau, which both articulates with and is anchored to the lower extremity of the femur. (wikipedia.org)
- The posterior surface of the medial condyle bears a horizontal groove for part of the attachment of the semimembranosus muscle, whereas the lateral condyle has a circular facet for articulation with the head of the fibula. (wikipedia.org)
- The medial facet, oval in shape, is slightly concave from side to side, and from before backward. (wikipedia.org)
- its medial extremity occupies a lower level than the lateral. (wikipedia.org)
- The lateral condyle is the more prominent and is the broader both in its antero-posterior and transverse diameters, the medial condyle is the longer and, when the femur is held with its body perpendicular, projects to a lower level. (wikipedia.org)
- the long axis of the lateral is almost directly antero-posterior, but that of the medial runs backward and medialward. (wikipedia.org)
- The posterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint is attached to the lower and front part of the medial wall of the fossa and the anterior cruciate ligament to an impression on the upper and back part of its lateral wall. (wikipedia.org)
- The lateral epicondyle, smaller and less prominent than the medial, gives attachment to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. (wikipedia.org)
- its medial part forms the lower boundary of an elliptical surface for the attachment of the clavicular portion of the Pectoralis major, and approaches the posterior border of the bone. (theodora.com)
- Smooth and rounded laterally, it becomes rough toward the medial third for the attachment of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and ends at the upper angle of the sternal extremity. (theodora.com)
- On its medial part is a broad rough surface, the costal tuberosity ( rhomboid impression ), rather more than 2 cm. in length, for the attachment of the costoclavicular ligament. (theodora.com)
- The medial surface of the Upper extremity of femur, of much less extent than the lateral, presents at its base a deep depression, the trochanteric fossa (digital fossa), for the insertion of the tendon of the Obturator externus, and above and in front of this an impression for the insertion. (statemaster.com)
- Traumatic lateral dislocation of the patellofemoral joint leads to the rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament, usually in the femoral attachment side [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The medial and lateral surfaces are concave, for the attachment of the interosseus muscles , and separated from one another by a prominent anterior ridge. (wikidoc.org)
- The antero-medial border , or interosseous crest, is situated close to the medial side of the preceding, and runs nearly parallel with it in the upper third of its extent, but diverges from it in the lower two-thirds. (mashpedia.com)
- The pharyngeal aponeurosis is attached to the entire length of the posterior edge of the medial plate, and the constrictor pharyngis superior takes origin from its lower third. (wikipedia.org)
- Ecchymosis is usually present and may extend from the upper medial brachium down the entire extremity. (renalandurologynews.com)
Upward and backward3
- Directly below it is a small depression from which a smooth well-marked groove curves obliquely upward and backward to the posterior extremity of the condyle. (wikipedia.org)
- These neurones have their proximal attachments on the need for deceleration of hip abductors guillain - barr or poliomyelitis hip flexion contracture is shown translating upward and backward, and ends when the glenoid component is screwed into the in vivo patellofemoral joint increase with age. (houstonemergency.org)
- it is directed upward and backward, its axis forming with that of the uterus an angle of over 90°, opening forward. (wikimd.org)
Ligaments16
- in front of and behind the intercondyloid eminence are rough depressions for the attachment of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the menisci. (wikipedia.org)
- they are lined in the fresh state by the synovial membrane of the elbow-joint, and their margins afford attachment to the anterior and posterior ligaments of this articulation. (wikipedia.org)
- they afford attachment to the anterior and posterior ligaments of the lateral malleolus. (wikidoc.org)
- The hyoid bone , which is located in the neck and serves as the point of attachment for the tongue , does not articulate with any other bones in the body, being supported by muscles and ligaments. (statemaster.com)
- The upper and lower borders are for ligaments. (imedecin.com)
- The upper and under surfaces of the arch afford attachment to ligaments. (imedecin.com)
- The intervertebral fibro-cartilage is a small oval disc, three-quarters of an inch (about 2 cm.) wide, and a little less from before backward, closely connected with the surrounding ligaments. (imedecin.com)
- It is connected with the sacrosciatic ligaments at their attachments, and the fifth sacral nerve escapes behind it. (imedecin.com)
- To the tubercles on the digital extremities are attached the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal joints . (wikidoc.org)
- its dorsal and volar surfaces are rough, for the attachment of ligaments. (wikidoc.org)
- Thus, a t i o n i v lower extremity, including a smaller amount of methylmethacrylate cementation, and various ligaments, thereby limiting full hip extension, the quadriceps at degrees of abduction and extension only door hinge see figure. (houstonemergency.org)
- The remaining part of the circumference of the head is rough, for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. (mashpedia.com)
- It provides areas of attachment for muscles and ligaments. (bridgephysiotherapy.ca)
- arcuate l's the arched ligaments that connect the diaphragm with the lowest ribs and the first lumbar vertebra. (thefreedictionary.com)
- coracoclavicular ligament a band joining the coracoid process of the scapula and the acromial extremity of the clavicle, consisting of two ligaments, the conoid and trapezoid. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Smaller ligaments and bone surfaces for ligament attachment. (acefitness.org)
Gives attachment11
- Posteriorly, the condyles are separated from each other by a shallow depression, the posterior intercondyloid fossa, which gives attachment to part of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee-joint. (wikipedia.org)
- this, in the natural position of the bone, surmounts the coracoid process of the scapula, and gives attachment to the conoid ligament. (theodora.com)
- The anterior border is concave, thin, and rough, and gives attachment to the Deltoideus. (theodora.com)
- it forms the posterior boundary of the groove for the Subclavius, and gives attachment to a layer of cervical fascia which envelops the Omohyoideus. (theodora.com)
- Narrow below where the anterior surfaces of the condyles of the tibia end in a large oblong elevation, the tuberosity of the tibia , which gives attachment to the ligamentum patellae . (statemaster.com)
- The surface of the head of the femur is smooth, coated with cartilage in the fresh state, except over an ovoid depression, the fovea capitis femoris, which is situated a little below and behind the center of the head, and gives attachment to the ligamentum teres. (statemaster.com)
- that of the first gives attachment to the Sternothyroideus, those of the third to the sixth inclusive to the Transversus thoracis, and the six or seven inferior ones to the Transversus abdominis and the diaphragm. (pubannotation.org)
- they afford attachment to the Intercostales interni: the upper border of the sixth gives attachment also to the Pectoralis major. (pubannotation.org)
- The prominence, at its upper and lateral part, gives attachment to the tendon of the biceps femoris and to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint, the ligament dividing the tendon into two parts. (mashpedia.com)
- This border gives attachment to an intermuscular septum, which separates the extensor muscles on the anterior surface of the leg from the peronaei longus and brevis on the lateral surface. (mashpedia.com)
- The left part of the curvature gives attachment to the gastrolienal ligament , while to its anterior portion are attached the two layers of the greater omentum , separated from each other by the gastroepiploic vessels. (ebooklibrary.org)
Bone19
- it articulates with the cup-shaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone. (wikipedia.org)
- The lower extremity of femur (or distal extremity) is the lower end of the thigh bone in human and other animals, closer to the knee. (wikipedia.org)
- Partial tear maintains the partial continuation of muscle attachment and also adherence to adjacent bone. (epainassist.com)
- Complete tear causes dislocation of tendon and attached muscle from attachment to bone. (epainassist.com)
- The separation of tendon from attachment to bone cause tendon dislocation resulting in floating muscle. (epainassist.com)
- No bone tunnels were necessary in the patella, only one screw anchor was used, and no tubercle bony attachment was involved [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The latter is a bar of bone joining the two processes and directed obliquely upward and forward in the upper vertebrae and horizontally in the lower. (imedecin.com)
- This surface is bounded by two lines, which commence in small tubercles situated on either side of the digital extremity, and, passing upward, converge and meet some distance above the center of the bone and form a ridge which runs along the rest of the dorsal surface to the carpal extremity. (wikidoc.org)
- The femur is categorised as a long bone and comprises a diaphysis , the shaft (or body) and two epiphysis or extremities that articulate with adjacent bones in the hip and knee. (gutenberg.us)
- The femur is categorised as a long bone and comprises a diaphysis (shaft or body ) and two epiphyses (extremities) that articulate with adjacent bones in the hip and knee. (hitchhikersgui.de)
- In some animal studies done at HSS, a short period of post-op immobilization leads to better quality ACL graft biologic tendon to bone attachment. (howardluksmd.com)
- The femur is enveloped by muscles, so that in fairly muscular subjects the only accessible parts are the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and the lower expanded end of the bone. (prohealthsys.com)
- This crest can be identified in the upper two-thirds of its extent as a flexuous ridge, but in the lower third it disappears and the bone is concealed by the tendons of the muscles on the front of the leg. (prohealthsys.com)
- The device is easy to implant on account of its compact shape and includes two rods which can be bent and deformed on the ends thereof and which are mounted on a central adjusting member which is provided with a small hole for engaging a small tool that is designed to adjust the distance separating the elements for attachment to the bone. (justia.com)
- The lower fibres of Internal Oblique and transverse abdominus (TrA) appear to exist more commonly as separate entities attaching into the rectus sheath than as a 'conjoint tendon' into the pubic bone. (paulhead.co.uk)
- With less wrist extension it is more likely the lower arm bone (radius) will break. (lifescript.com)
- Long BonesFound in the limbs Each bone is made of a body (diaphysis)and two extremities(epiphyses)Wall consists of dense tissueCentral canal called medullary canal isfilled with marrow8-Sep-14 6 7. (vdocuments.mx)
- Ventricular fibrillation and asystole cause sudden and often little proximal bone resection includes the natural progression of one the large inactivation of hormones from the front, a - inch bolster between the coracoid downward and backward is difcult because the scapula and areas of all scapula fractures. (carpaccioatbalharbour.com)
- Thickness cuff defects might similarly demonstrate motion restriction, whereas patients with stage adhesive capsulitis, similar to periosteum on bone, perichondrium is a result of the lower extremities of a maximal inversion to a full. (carpaccioatbalharbour.com)
Upper extremities1
- Their upper extremities rise higher than the cranial edge of the dorsum sellae between them, and hence the latter is concave cranially, as well as ventrally. (edu.au)
Laterally1
- The roots (pedicles) are directed laterally and backward and spring from the body about midway between the upper and lower borders. (imedecin.com)
Sternal3
- the uppermost sternal fibers pass down to the lower part of the lamina which extends as low as the tendon of the Deltoideus and joins with it. (bartleby.com)
- The posterior lamina of the tendon receives the attachment of the greater part of the sternal portion and the deep fibers, i. e., those from the costal cartilages. (bartleby.com)
- They are broad at their attachments to the ribs, and taper toward their sternal extremities, excepting the first two, which are of the same breadth throughout, and the sixth, seventh, and eighth, which are enlarged where their margins are in contact. (pubannotation.org)
Distal3
- an upper (also known as superior or proximal) closest to the thigh and a lower (also known as inferior or distal) closest to the foot. (wikipedia.org)
- The tibia is most contracted in the lower third and the distal extremity is smaller than the proximal. (wikipedia.org)
- Stage i refers to a proximal humeral convexity is the supraspinatus tendon and distal attachments of three cases. (houstonemergency.org)
Articular7
- The articular surface of the lower end of the femur occupies the anterior, inferior, and posterior surfaces of the condyles. (wikipedia.org)
- The lower and posterior parts of the articular surface constitute the tibial surfaces for articulation with the corresponding condyles of the tibia and menisci. (wikipedia.org)
- its lower margin presents a rough transverse depression for the attachment of the articular capsule of the ankle-joint. (wikidoc.org)
- The articular surfaces are oblique and nearly flat, the superior looking backward and upward, and the inferior forward and downward. (imedecin.com)
- The upper extremity or head of the fibula is of an irregular quadrate form, presenting above a flattened articular surface, directed upward, forward, and medialward, for articulation with a corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the tibia . (mashpedia.com)
- Articular disorders of the lower extremities are quite common, both as primary and secondary disorders, and may have far-reaching effects. (chiro.org)
- In two-part and three-part fracture-dislocations, the blood supply to the humeral head is usually adequate because one of the tuberosities, with soft tissue attachments, remains in continuity with the articular segment. (pili.org)
Surfaces3
- When, however, the femur is in its natural oblique position the lower surfaces of the two condyles lie practically in the same horizontal plane. (wikipedia.org)
- Each costal cartilage presents two surfaces, two borders, and two extremities. (pubannotation.org)
- This ridge separates two sloping surfaces for the attachment of the Interossei dorsales . (wikidoc.org)
Femur1
- The lesser trochanter is a cone-shaped extension of the lowest part of the femur neck. (gutenberg.us)
Tendon8
- The lateral epicondyle is a small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow-joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the Supinator and some of the Extensor muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- These deep fibers, and particularly those from the lower costal cartilages, ascend the higher, turning backward successively behind the superficial and upper ones, so that the tendon appears to be twisted. (bartleby.com)
- From the deepest fibers of this lamina at its insertion an expansion is given off which lines the intertubercular groove, while from the lower border of the tendon a third expansion passes downward to the fascia of the arm. (bartleby.com)
- It is narrower and longer than the lateral pterygoid plate and curves lateralward at its lower extremity into a hook-like process, the pterygoid hamulus , around which the tendon of the tensor veli palatini glides. (wikipedia.org)
- It involves synovial and cartilaginous joints, as well as sites of tendon and ligamentous attachment. (physio-pedia.com)
- It showed that the adductor longus muscle was composed of a thin tendon anteriorly, and muscular fibres on the deep surface of its pubic attachment. (paulhead.co.uk)
- One small pilot study from the vehicle lasting longer than adults skin, resulting in incarceration occur in children, but the amount of work that has the opportunity throughout their presence known in the color of an organ, tendon, or especially ligament, damage can contribute to the intercellular fluid, as a philosopher admonish him that life have a low stool or emesis elevated intracranial pressure table signs and symptoms of an. (centerforalexandriaschildren.org)
- ECU tendonitis is an inflammation of the tendon that runs along the back of the wrist and is caused by repetitive twisting and backward flexion of the wrist. (lifescript.com)
Spinal7
- Musculoskeletal system of the lower back protects spinal cord and spinal nerves. (epainassist.com)
- Moreover, each process is deeply grooved above for a spinal nerve , and is bifid at its free extremity, terminating in two tubercles - anterior and posterior. (imedecin.com)
- The superficial layer of the posterior sacro-coccygeal ligament (or supra-cornual ligament), (fig. 274) is the prolongation of the supraspinous which becomes inseparably blended with the aponeurosis of the sacro-spinalis (erector spinae) opposite the laminae of the third sacral vertebra, and is thus prolonged downward upon the back of the coccyx, passing over and roofing in the lower end of the spinal canal where the laminae are deficient. (imedecin.com)
- The Accelerator / Brake Guard Lowered Floor, model 3572, is an accelerator and brake pedal guard designed for use by individuals with lower extremity or mobility disabilities or spinal cord injury and others who use wheelchairs and use hand controls when driving and automobiles. (networkofcare.org)
- The Accelerator Guard, model 3570, is an accelerator pedal guard designed to protect against inadvertently hitting the accelerator pedal for individuals with lower extremity disabilities or spinal cord injury who use hand controls. (networkofcare.org)
- Pain in the lower extremities is caused by the compression of spinal nerve roots by a bulging disc, while lower back pain is caused by collapse of the disc and by the adverse effects of articulation weight through a damaged, unstable vertebral joint. (justia.com)
- In some cases, when a patient having a collapsed disc moves in extension (e.g., leans backward), the posterior portion of the annulus fibrosis or folding of the ligamentum flavum may further compress and extend into the spinal canal. (justia.com)
Transverse3
- and is in relation, by its lower part, with the transverse scapular vessels. (theodora.com)
- From below and upward, these include the superficial and deep layers of the superficial fascia, Colle's Fascia, at its attachment to the posterior margin of the triangular ligament, in which lie the adjoining superficial transverse perineal muscles of the bulb of the urethra, the superficial and deep layers of the triangular ligament, and finally, the rectourethralis muscle, forming the floor of the prerectal space. (hemorrhoid.net)
- Movement of the lower ribs during respiration such that with inhalation the lateral aspect of the rib elevates, increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax. (lakesidechiro.com.au)
Separates1
- It serves for the attachment of the interosseous membrane , which separates the extensor muscles in front from the flexor muscles behind. (mashpedia.com)
Disabilities7
- The Accelerator/Brake Guard, model 3571, is an accelerator and brake pedal guard designed to protect individuals with lower extremity disabilities who drive using hand controls against inadvertently pressing the accelerator or brake pedal. (networkofcare.org)
- The AEVIT L Series Gas and Brake Control is a driving control system designed for use by individuals with lower extremity disabilities. (networkofcare.org)
- The AEVIT W-Series Steering System is a small steering wheel designed for use by individuals with upper extremity disabilities. (networkofcare.org)
- The Crawlabout Crawl Trainer is designed for children with neurological, physical, upper or lower extremity disabilities while instructing, encouraging and reinforcing crawling. (networkofcare.org)
- CUSTOM ADAPTATION PURPOSE: To enable an individual with mobility and upper extremity disabilities to safey access the knobs located on a panel above and behind the burners of a stove. (networkofcare.org)
- The APT-1 Hi-Lo Active Passive Trainer is a continuous passive motion device and progressive resistance arm and leg exerciser designed for use by seniors or individuals with neurological or physical disabilities. (networkofcare.org)
- The article outlines a simple adaptation of an ergometer for use by those with lower extremity disabilities. (networkofcare.org)
Humerus1
- Overall, 75% of proximal humerus fractures are the result of low-energy domestic falls. (renalandurologynews.com)
Falling forward or backward1
- The aid has wheels and stabilizers coupled with the brace and rod to prevent the patient from falling forward or backward while moving between the walker railings, and is provided with a handle attached to the rod and brace for further patient support. (patentgenius.com)
Inferior2
- In front and to the right of the lower part of the esophageal groove is a deep concavity for the extrapericardiac portion of the thoracic part of the inferior vena cava . (gutenberg.org)
- The lower projection is known as the inferior horn while the upper one is known as cornu or the superior horn. (healthylifemed.com)
Downward1
- Low D 2 Flexion Pattern (back shoulder) Assume golf stance, with the back shoulder s hand grip the exercise tubing handle at shoulder level and bring hand downward and toward opposite hip in the golf swing path.this exercise should be performed in a controlled manner, and should emphasize the acceleration phase of the golf swing. (docplayer.net)
Thoracic5
- The Muscles Connecting the Upper Extremity to the Anterior and Lateral Thoracic Walls. (bartleby.com)
- The superficial fascia of the anterior thoracic region is continuous with that of the neck and upper extremity above, and of the abdomen below. (bartleby.com)
- At the lower part of the thoracic region the deep fascia is well-developed, and is continuous with the fibrous sheaths of the Recti abdominis. (bartleby.com)
- Mild multilevel degenerative disc disease in the mid and lower thoracic spine. (healthboards.com)
- 22 bones in skull6 in middle ears1 hyoid bone26 in vertebral column25 in thoracic cage4 in pectoral girdle60 in upper limbs60 in lower limbs2 in pelvic girdle206 bones in all4 8-Sep-14 5. (vdocuments.mx)
Tibia2
- As in other vertebrates the tibia is one of two bones in the lower leg, the other being the fibula, and is a component of the knee and ankle joints. (wikipedia.org)
- Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia , below the level of the knee joint , and excluded from the formation of this joint. (mashpedia.com)
Lumbar2
- The leading cause of lower back pain arises from rupture or degeneration of lumbar intervertebral discs. (justia.com)
- Lumbar Vertebrae L1-L58-Sep-1430 Massive blocklikebodies The spinous processesshort, thick, broad anddirected backward 31. (vdocuments.mx)
Cone-shaped1
- The latter is narrow and long, medialward and backward, and finishes in a cone-shaped extremity, which is the connection point of the lateral thyrohyoid ligament. (healthylifemed.com)
Bones4
- The Bones of the Upper Extremity. (theodora.com)
- The bones of fishes are comparatively soft, flexible, and elastic, in the lowest species without division into vertebrae, and in the sharks and rays cartilaginous, resembling the embryonic conditions of higher animals. (chestofbooks.com)
- It is really the lower extremity of the anterior longitudinal ligament, which is thicker over this joint than over the central part of either of the bones. (imedecin.com)
- The Skull8-Sep-1411Cranial bones (or cranium) Enclose the cranial cavity, which supports andprotects the brain Attachment sites for some head and neck musclesFacial bones (anterior aspect of skull) Form framework of face. (vdocuments.mx)
Lateralward1
- From this tuberosity an oblique ridge, the oblique or trapezoid ridge, runs forward and lateralward, and afford attachment to the trapezoid ligament. (theodora.com)
Cartilage1
- the lower part of this depression is smooth, covered with cartilage in the fresh state, and articulates with the fibula. (wikidoc.org)
Neurovascular2
- A full upper extremity neurovascular exam should be completed on every patient. (renalandurologynews.com)
- This seemingly paradoxic kinematics may likely be associated with neurovascular injury and generate relatively low force levels, even with a history of symptoms with paresthesias down the arm is brought overhead. (carpaccioatbalharbour.com)
Thigh2
- In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. (statemaster.com)
- This pose is practiced by sitting on the floor, bending one knee, placing that foot near the groin of the opposite leg, and finally lowering the thigh and knee to the floor before bending forward. (yogasimpatico.com)
Neck5
- The posterior or cervical surface is smooth, and looks backward toward the root of the neck. (theodora.com)
- it projects from the lower and back part of the base of the neck. (statemaster.com)
- Ligamental sprain causes moderate to severe mid or low back pain or lumbago or neck pain. (epainassist.com)
- The upper or proximal extremity (close to the torso ) contains the head , neck , the two trochanters and adjacent structures. (gutenberg.us)
- The transition area between the head and neck is quite rough due to attachment of muscles and the hip joint capsule . (gutenberg.us)
Adductor1
- The proximal attachment of the adductor longus (AL) may be predominantly muscular, rather than entirely tendinous as previously described. (paulhead.co.uk)
Weakness2
- The symptoms observed during early stage is moderate to severe pain and later stage severe pain is associated with tingling, numbness and weakness of extremity, and back muscles. (epainassist.com)
- CUSTOM ADAPTATION PURPOSE: To enable an individual with upper extremity weakness to access the shelves of an upright freezer. (networkofcare.org)
Limbs2
- Almost constant pain in groins and weariness in lower limbs. (homeoint.org)
- Acutely, whole limb, lower pressure EPC improves conduit artery endothelial function systemically, but only improves RH blood flow locally (i.e., compressed limbs). (revivebodymind.com)
Longitudinal3
- The posterior sacro-coccygeal ligament is divided into two layers of which one (the deep) is a direct continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the column, consisting of a narrow band of closely packed fibers, which become blended at the lower border of the first segment of the coccyx with the filum terminate and deep posterior ligament. (imedecin.com)
- The trabeculæ at the lower end have a more longitudinal direction. (wikipedia.org)
- After reaching the matrix, the elevator is reinserted with several longitudinal forward and backward strokes performed side by side until the nail bed is completely freed from the overlying nail plate. (medscape.com)
Knee4
- Low Back Flexion Stretch Lying on back, gently bring knee to chest. (docplayer.net)
- Then lower leg and raise opposite knee to chest, repeat times on each leg. (docplayer.net)
- Experienced students often point the bent knee backward instead of directly out to the side. (yogasimpatico.com)
- When the right knee is bent, for example, and we are stretching forward in the pose, the right side of the pelvis is being held stationary, or in effect moving backward, while the spine is moving forward. (yogasimpatico.com)
Proximal attachment1
- Dallas american heart asso- ciation has set forth in the parents and, if necessary, more proximal attachment to a ruptured tm, and signs may lead to corneal ulceration and to strive to help the function and survival. (pvadamh.org)
Flexion2
- Low D 2 Flexion Pattern (back shoulder) Assume golf stance, with the back shoulder s hand grip the exercise tubing handle and bring tubing across body upward and outward. (docplayer.net)
- Low D 2 Flexion Pattern (Front shoulder) Assume your golf stance, the front shoulder s hand grips the exercise tubing handle above the opposite shoulder height. (docplayer.net)
Groove1
- this groove becomes less distinct below, owing to the inclination of the lower part of the esophagus to the left of the middle line. (gutenberg.org)
Medullary1
- From the inner surface of this plate and the compact layer below it trabeculæ arch forward toward the olecranon and coronoid and cross other trabeculæ, passing backward over the medullary cavity from the upper part of the shaft below the coronoid. (wikipedia.org)
Body8
- Each consists of a body and two extremities. (wikidoc.org)
- Ossification begins in the body about the eighth week of fetal life , and extends toward the extremities. (mashpedia.com)
- the lower fourth is separated from the anal canal by the perineal body. (wikimd.org)
- When you use our systems, you will first experience a pre-inflate cycle, during which the connected attachments are molded to your exact body shape. (revivebodymind.com)
- If the area of the lips is gently stroked, the child responds by bending the upper body to one side and making a quick backward motion with his arms. (fictionpress.com)
- It is the excision of the body of the nail plate from its primary attachments, the nail bed ventrally and the PNF dorsally. (medscape.com)
- It can be positioned low near the floor for lower body exercises or raised up to table top height for upper body workouts. (networkofcare.org)
- This portable standalone unit with an adjustable angle base can be used on a table top for upper body workouts, or on the floor for lower body exercise while the user is seated in a wheelchair or chair. (networkofcare.org)
Spine2
- I. Title RD771.V217 B669 2001 617.5'64-dc21 2001023344 Book design and typesetting by Evan H. Johnston Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ATTENTION: This book includes the most up-to-date information about conventional and complementary therapy for low back pain, based upon my twenty-two years of clinical experience with people with spine problems. (b-ok.org)
- Degenerative joint disease of the diarthrodial (freely movable) joints of the spine or extremities. (lakesidechiro.com.au)
Spinous process2
- The spinous process is short and bifid at the free extremity. (imedecin.com)
- This spacer essentially lifts the upper spinous process off of the lower spinous process, thereby relieving stenosis. (justia.com)
Ribs1
- The more frequent variations are greater or less extent of attachment to the ribs and sternum, varying size of the abdominal part or its absence, greater or less extent of separation of sternocostal and clavicular parts, fusion of clavicular part with deltoid, decussation in front of the sternum. (bartleby.com)
Extent1
- Its upper and lateral corners are thickened and project upward, outward and forward in a horn-like manner, so that their ventral extremities overlie, to some extent, the hypophyseal fossa. (edu.au)
Child's2
- Instructions for building a plywood rectangular box with L-shaped sides to be as high in front as the child's armpits but lower in back to allow visual inspection. (networkofcare.org)
- The seat can be lowered so the child's legs rest on the floor, enabling supported floor play. (networkofcare.org)
Unites1
- The anterior, or upper, extremity is continuous with the mons veneris, and the lower, or posterior, extremity unites with that of the opposite side to form the fourchette. (homeoint.org)
Forward6
- and (d) means at the outer extremity of each said rod for making low friction contact with said railings, to thereby permit a patient in said brace to ambulate in said forward direction without holding on to said railings. (patentgenius.com)
- 2. The ambulatory aid recited in claim 1, further comprising low friction floor engaging and stabilizing means coupled with said brace for permitting movement along said forward direction and for preventing a patient in said brace from fallingforward or backward while ambulating between said railings in said forward direction. (patentgenius.com)
- The movements permitted at this joint are of a simple forward and backward, or hinge-like character. (imedecin.com)
- but this backward movement is controlled by the upward and forward pull of the levator ani and Coccygeus. (imedecin.com)
- Versatile arm prompts include height, rotation, angle, lateral proximity and forward/backward adjustments, to accommodate numerous positioning requirements. (rifton.com)
- It is divided on its surface into two lateral portions by a ridge or raphé, which is continued forward to the under surface of the penis, and backward, along the middle line of the perineum to the anus. (prohealthsys.com)
Semilunar1
- the lymph moves slowly and under low pressure due to peristalsis, the operation of semilunar valves in the lymph veins, and the milking action of skeletal muscles. (wikibooks.org)
Ligament5
- Beneath the condyles is the tibial tuberosity which serves for attachment of the patellar ligament, a continuation of the quadriceps femoris muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Inflammatory disease like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation of ligament resulting in mild to severe low back pain or lumbago. (epainassist.com)
- The upper branches meet and form a hood-like fold, which is the prepuce of the clitoris, while the lower branches are attached to the clitoris, and form its suspensory ligament. (homeoint.org)
- On either side of the head is a tubercle for the attachment of the collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint. (wikidoc.org)
- and behind, another tubercle, for the attachment of the posterior ligament of the head and the origin of the upper fibers of the soleus . (mashpedia.com)
