Gestational age. Medical search

The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.

An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.

An infant during the first month after birth.

A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.

An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.

The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.

Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.

An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1500 grams (3.3 lbs), regardless of gestational age.

Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime during the 29th through 38th week of PREGNANCY. TOCOLYSIS inhibits premature labor and can prevent the BIRTH of premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE).

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

In utero measurement corresponding to the sitting height (crown to rump) of the fetus. Length is considered a more accurate criterion of the age of the fetus than is the weight. The average crown-rump length of the fetus at term is 36 cm. (From Williams Obstetrics, 18th ed, p91)

The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.

A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS).

Hospital units providing continuing surveillance and care to acutely ill newborn infants.

CHILDBIRTH at the end of a normal duration of PREGNANCY, between 37 to 40 weeks of gestation or about 280 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period.

The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (HEART/embryology) only on the basis of time.

Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. Five items - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color - are evaluated 60 seconds after birth and again five minutes later on a scale from 0-2, 0 being the lowest, 2 being normal. The five numbers are added for the Apgar score. A score of 0-3 represents severe distress, 4-7 indicates moderate distress, and a score of 7-10 predicts an absence of difficulty in adjusting to extrauterine life.

A bilateral retinopathy occurring in premature infants treated with excessively high concentrations of oxygen, characterized by vascular dilatation, proliferation, and tortuosity, edema, and retinal detachment, with ultimate conversion of the retina into a fibrous mass that can be seen as a dense retrolental membrane. Usually growth of the eye is arrested and may result in microophthalmia, and blindness may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).

A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.

Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality represents deaths between 28 days and 365 days after birth (as defined by National Center for Health Statistics). Neonatal mortality represents deaths from birth to 27 days after birth.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.

Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.

The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.

A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.

Continuous care and monitoring of newborn infants with life-threatening conditions, in any setting.

Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.

An infant whose weight at birth is less than 1000 grams (2.2 lbs), regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The weight of the FETUS in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A human infant born before 28 weeks of GESTATION.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.

Functional competence of specific organs or body systems of the FETUS in utero.

INFLAMMATION of the placental membranes (CHORION; AMNION) and connected tissues such as fetal BLOOD VESSELS and UMBILICAL CORD. It is often associated with intrauterine ascending infections during PREGNANCY.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.

Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)

Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.

Official certifications by a physician recording the individual's birth date, place of birth, parentage and other required identifying data which are filed with the local registrar of vital statistics.

Number of fetal deaths with stated or presumed gestation of 20 weeks or more in a given population. Late fetal mortality is death after of 28 weeks or more.

The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.

The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing FETUS to the PLACENTA in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus.

The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

Physiologic or biochemical monitoring of the fetus. It is usually done during LABOR, OBSTETRIC and may be performed in conjunction with the monitoring of uterine activity. It may also be performed prenatally as when the mother is undergoing surgery.

Use of reflected ultrasound in the diagnosis of intracranial pathologic processes.

The three approximately equal periods of a normal human PREGNANCY. Each trimester is about three months or 13 to 14 weeks in duration depending on the designation of the first day of gestation.

Three individuals derived from three FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.

Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.

The condition of carrying TWINS simultaneously.

The condition of carrying two or more FETUSES simultaneously.

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

A slightly movable cartilaginous joint which occurs between the pubic bones.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Deaths occurring from the 28th week of GESTATION to the 28th day after birth in a given population.

The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).

The state of PREGNANCY in women with DIABETES MELLITUS. This does not include either symptomatic diabetes or GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE induced by pregnancy (DIABETES, GESTATIONAL) which resolves at the end of pregnancy.

A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a cardiovascular disease. The disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.

Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.

The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

ENTEROCOLITIS with extensive ulceration (ULCER) and NECROSIS. It is observed primarily in LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT.

Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of congenital or traumatic defects in the respiratory DIAPHRAGM.

Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions.

An infant born at or after 42 weeks of gestation.

The FERTILIZATION of an OVUM that takes place when a FETUS is already present in the UTERUS. Superfetation results in an unusual PREGNANCY with fetuses of different ages and sizes developing in utero simultaneously.

Pregnancy in which the mother and/or FETUS are at greater than normal risk of MORBIDITY or MORTALITY. Causes include inadequate PRENATAL CARE, previous obstetrical history (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS), pre-existing maternal disease, pregnancy-induced disease (GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION), and MULTIPLE PREGNANCY, as well as advanced maternal age above 35.

Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in two or more fetal compartments, such as SKIN; PLEURA; PERICARDIUM; PLACENTA; PERITONEUM; AMNIOTIC FLUID. General fetal EDEMA may be of non-immunologic origin, or of immunologic origin as in the case of ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS.

Any observable response or action of a neonate or infant up through the age of 23 months.

A subspecialty of Pediatrics concerned with the newborn infant.

The sequence in which children are born into the family.

A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)

Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Female parents, human or animal.

Degeneration of white matter adjacent to the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES following cerebral hypoxia or BRAIN ISCHEMIA in neonates. The condition primarily affects white matter in the perfusion zone between superficial and deep branches of the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY. Clinical manifestations include VISION DISORDERS; CEREBRAL PALSY; PARAPLEGIA; SEIZURES; and cognitive disorders. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1021; Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch4, pp30-1)

The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it adheres to the shell and allows exchange of gases between the egg and its environment. In MAMMALS, the chorion evolves into the fetal contribution of the PLACENTA.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

The care of women and a fetus or newborn given before, during, and after delivery from the 28th week of gestation through the 7th day after delivery.

The circulation of BLOOD, of both the mother and the FETUS, through the PLACENTA.

A condition of abnormally low AMNIOTIC FLUID volume. Principal causes include malformations of fetal URINARY TRACT; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION; nicotine poisoning; and PROLONGED PREGNANCY.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Passage of blood from one fetus to another via an arteriovenous communication or other shunt, in a monozygotic twin pregnancy. It results in anemia in one twin and polycythemia in the other. (Lee et al., Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 9th ed, p737-8)

The surgical closure of the incompetent cervix uteri with suture material.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

A condition of abnormally high AMNIOTIC FLUID volume, such as greater than 2,000 ml in the LAST TRIMESTER and usually diagnosed by ultrasonographic criteria (AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX). It is associated with maternal DIABETES MELLITUS; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS; and congenital abnormalities.

The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the fetus and amniotic cavity through abdominal or uterine entry.

Care of infants in the home or institution.

Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.

Monitoring of FETAL HEART frequency before birth in order to assess impending prematurity in relation to the pattern or intensity of antepartum UTERINE CONTRACTION.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Accumulation of BILIRUBIN, a breakdown product of HEME PROTEINS, in the BLOOD during the first weeks of life. This may lead to NEONATAL JAUNDICE. The excess bilirubin may exist in the unconjugated (indirect) or the conjugated (direct) form. The condition may be self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) or pathological with toxic levels of bilirubin.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.

A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.

A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.

Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)

The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).

Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.

Physical activity of the FETUS in utero. Gross or fine fetal body movement can be monitored by the mother, PALPATION, or ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.

Incompetent UTERINE CERVIX is usually diagnosed in the second trimester of PREGNANCY. It is characterized by passive painless cervical dilation in the absence of UTERINE CONTRACTION; BLEEDING; INFECTION; and sometimes with the amniotic sac (AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE) bulging through the partially dilated cervix. Left untreated, this condition may lead to premature pregnancy loss, such as HABITUAL ABORTION.

A respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, usually premature infants with insufficient PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. The disease is characterized by the formation of a HYALINE-like membrane lining the terminal respiratory airspaces (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and subsequent collapse of the lung (PULMONARY ATELECTASIS).

The collecting of fetal blood samples typically via ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION from the umbilical vein.

A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.

Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.

The number of pregnancies, complete or incomplete, experienced by a female. It is different from PARITY, which is the number of offspring borne. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the FRONTAL BONE and OCCIPITAL BONE, which together form the sides of the CRANIUM.

The potential of the FETUS to survive outside the UTERUS after birth, natural or induced. Fetal viability depends largely on the FETAL ORGAN MATURITY, and environmental conditions.

Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.

Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of infants.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with velocity detection combined with range discrimination. Short bursts of ultrasound are transmitted at regular intervals and the echoes are demodulated as they return.

Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.

Selective abortion of one or more embryos or fetuses in a multiple gestation pregnancy. The usual goal is to improve the outcome for the remaining embryos or fetuses.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow.

The beginning of true OBSTETRIC LABOR which is characterized by the cyclic uterine contractions of increasing frequency, duration, and strength causing CERVICAL DILATATION to begin (LABOR STAGE, FIRST ).

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.

A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

The neck portion of the UTERUS between the lower isthmus and the VAGINA forming the cervical canal.

The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.

The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in the AMNIOTIC FLUID. Amnion cells are secretory EPITHELIAL CELLS and contribute to the amniotic fluid.

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.

Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions (TOCOLYSIS). Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a tocolytic is now obsolete.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

In utero transfusion of BLOOD into the FETUS for the treatment of FETAL DISEASES, such as fetal erythroblastosis (ERYTHROBLASTOSIS, FETAL).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.

Four CSF-filled (see CEREBROSPINAL FLUID) cavities within the cerebral hemispheres (LATERAL VENTRICLES), in the midline (THIRD VENTRICLE) and within the PONS and MEDULLA OBLONGATA (FOURTH VENTRICLE).

Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

The branch of medicine dealing with the fetus and infant during the perinatal period. The perinatal period begins with the twenty-eighth week of gestation and ends twenty-eight days after birth. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

A prenatal ultrasonography measurement of the soft tissue behind the fetal neck. Either the translucent area below the skin in the back of the fetal neck (nuchal translucency) or the distance between occipital bone to the outer skin line (nuchal fold) is measured.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

A parameter usually used in PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY to measure the length of the uterine neck (CERVIX UTERI). Cervical length or its shortening is used to identify and prevent early cervical opening and PRETERM BIRTH.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

Any drug treatment modality designed to inhibit UTERINE CONTRACTION. It is used in pregnant women to arrest PREMATURE LABOR.

Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.

A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.

Liquid formulations for the nutrition of infants that can substitute for BREAST MILK.

The offspring in multiple pregnancies (PREGNANCY, MULTIPLE): TWINS; TRIPLETS; QUADRUPLETS; QUINTUPLETS; etc.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.

A congenital defect with major fissure in the ABDOMINAL WALL lateral to, but not at, the UMBILICUS. This results in the extrusion of VISCERA. Unlike OMPHALOCELE, herniated structures in gastroschisis are not covered by a sac or PERITONEUM.

Steroidal compounds with abortifacient activity.

Failure of the PLACENTA to deliver an adequate supply of nutrients and OXYGEN to the FETUS.

Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age.

Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.

Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.

Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).

Dynamic three-dimensional echocardiography using the added dimension of time to impart the cinematic perception of motion. (Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:221-40)

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The nursing of an infant at the breast.

A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.

Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.

A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.

Production of prostaglandin f2alpha and its metabolite by endometrium and yolk sac placenta in late gestation in the tammar wallaby, Macropus Eugenii. (1/9568)

In this study, we investigated production of prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha and its metabolite, PGFM, by uterine tissues from tammar wallabies in late pregnancy. Endometrial explants were prepared from gravid and nongravid uteri of tammars between Day 18 of gestation (primitive streak) and Day 26.5 (term) and were incubated in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with glutamine and antibiotics for 20 h. PGF2alpha and PGFM in the medium were assayed by specific, validated RIAs. Control tissues (leg muscle) did not produce detectable amounts of either PG. Both gravid and nongravid endometria secreted PGF2alpha, and production increased significantly in both gravid and nongravid uteri towards term. PGFM was produced in small amounts by both gravid and nongravid uteri, and the rate of production did not increase. Neither oxytocin nor dexamethasone stimulated PG production in vitro in any tissue at any stage. Thus, the surge in peripheral plasma PGFM levels seen at parturition may arise from increased uterine PG production, but further study is needed to define what triggers this release. (+info)

Expression of trophinin, tastin, and bystin by trophoblast and endometrial cells in human placenta. (2/9568)

Trophinin, tastin, and bystin comprise a complex mediating a unique homophilic cell adhesion between trophoblast and endometrial epithelial cells at their respective apical cell surfaces. In this study, we prepared mouse monoclonal antibodies specific to each of these molecules. The expression of these molecules in the human placenta was examined immunohistochemically using the antibodies. In placenta from the 6th week of pregnancy, trophinin and bystin were found in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblast in the chorionic villi, and in endometrial decidual cells at the utero placental interface. Tastin was exclusively present on the apical side of the syncytiotrophoblast. Tissue sections were also examined by in situ hybridization using RNA probes specific to each of these molecules. This analysis showed that trophoblast and endometrial epithelial cells at the utero placental interface express trophinin, tastin, and bystin. In wk 10 placenta, trophinin and bystin were found in the intravillous cytotrophoblast, while tastin was not found in the villi. After wk 10, levels of all three proteins decreased and then disappeared from placental villi. (+info)

Delay of preterm delivery in sheep by omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturates. (3/9568)

A positive correlation has been shown between dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in late pregnancy and gestation length in pregnant women and experimental animals. To determine whether omega-3 fatty acids have an effect on preterm labor in sheep, a fish oil concentrate emulsion was continuously infused to six pregnant ewes from 124 days gestational age. At 125 days, betamethasone was administered to the fetus to produce preterm labor. Both the onset of labor and the time of delivery were delayed by the fish oil emulsion. Two of the omega-3-infused ewes reverted from contractions to nonlabor, an effect never previously observed for experimental glucocorticoid-induced preterm labor in sheep. Maternal plasma estradiol and maternal and fetal prostaglandin E2 rose in control ewes but not in those infused with omega-3 fatty acid. The ability of omega-3 fatty acids to delay premature delivery in sheep indicates their possible use as tocolytics in humans. Premature labor is the major cause of neonatal death and long-term disability, and these studies present information that may lead to a novel therapeutic regimen for the prevention of preterm delivery in human pregnancy. (+info)

Luteinizing hormone inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in luteal cells from rats on day 19 of pregnancy. (4/9568)

We have previously reported that intrabursal ovarian administration of LH at the end of pregnancy in rats induces a decrease in luteal progesterone (P4) synthesis and an increase in P4 metabolism. However, whether this local luteolytic effect of LH is exerted directly on luteal cells or on other structures, such as follicular or stromal cells, to modify luteal function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of LH on isolated luteal cells obtained on Day 19 of pregnancy. Incubation of luteal cells with 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml of ovine LH (oLH) for 6 h did not modify basal P4 production. The addition to the culture medium of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC, 10 microgram/ml), a membrane-permeable P4 precursor, or pregnenolone (10(-2) microM) induced a significant increase in P4 accumulation in the medium in relation to the control value. When luteal cells were preincubated for 2 h with oLH, a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the 22R-HC- or pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation was observed. Incubation of luteal cells with dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM, a cAMP analogue) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (1 mM, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) also inhibited pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation. Incubation with an inositol triphosphate synthesis inhibitor, neomycin (1 mM), or an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, (8,9-N, N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (1 mM), did not prevent the decrease in pregnenolone-stimulated P4 secretion induced by oLH. It was concluded that the luteolytic action of LH in late pregnancy is due, at least in part, to a direct action on the luteal cells and that an increase in intracellular cAMP level might mediate this effect. (+info)

Outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital shunt lesions. (5/9568)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital shunt lesions. SETTING: Retrospective study in a tertiary care centre. METHODS: Pregnancy history was obtained by a standardised questionnaire and medical records were reviewed. PATIENTS: 175 women were identified, at a mean (SD) age of 42 (14) years. Pregnancies occurred in 126 women: 50 with an atrial septal defect, 22 with a ventricular septal defect, 22 with an atrioventricular septal defect, 19 with tetralogy of Fallot, and 13 with other complex shunt lesions. RESULTS: 309 pregnancies were reported by 126 woman (2.5 (1.6) pregnancies per woman). The shortening fraction of the systemic ventricle was 40 (8)%, and 98% were in New York Heart Association class I-II at last follow up. Spontaneous abortions occurred in 17% of pregnancies (abortion rate, 0.4 (0.9) per woman). Gestational age of the 241 newborn infants was 8.8 (0.8) months. There were no maternal deaths related to pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia and embolic events were observed in 1.3% and 0.6%, respectively of all pregnancies. Women with complex shunt lesions more often underwent caesarean section (70% v 15-30%, p = 0.005) and gave birth to smaller babies for equivalent gestation (2577 (671) g v 3016 (572) to 3207 (610) g, p < 0.05). The recurrence risk of congenital heart disease was 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of pregnancy is favourable in women with congenital shunt lesions if their functional class and their systolic ventricular function are good. Such patients can be reassured. (+info)

Expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in human bone marrow. (6/9568)

The expression of neurotrophins and their receptors, the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75LNGFR) and the Trk receptors (TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC), was investigated in human bone marrow from 16 weeks fetal age to adulthood. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, all transcripts encoding for catalytic and truncated human TrkB or TrkC receptors were detected together with trkAI transcripts, whereas trkAII transcripts were found only in control nerve tissues. Transcripts for the homologue of the rat truncated TrkC(ic113) receptor were identified for the first time in human tissue. Stromal adventitial reticular cells were found immunoreactive for all neutrophin receptors. In contrast, hematopoietic cell types were not immunoreactive for p75LNGFR but showed immunoreactivity for one or several Trk receptors. TrkA immunoreactivity was found in immature erythroblasts. Catalytic TrkB immunoreactivity was observed in eosinophilic metamyelocytes and polymorphonuclear cells. Truncated TrkB immunoreactivity was found in erythroblasts and megacaryocytes. Immunoreactivity for both catalytic and truncated TrkC receptor was observed in promyelocytes, myelocytes, some polymorphonuclear cells and megacaryocytes. Neutrophin transcript levels appeared higher at fetal than at adult stages, no variation in Trk family transcript levels was observed. The local expression of neurotrophin genes suggests a wide range of paracrine and/or autocrine mode of action through their corresponding receptors within the bone marrow. (+info)

Maternal adrenocortical hormones maintain the early development of pancreatic B cells in the fetal rat. (7/9568)

To investigate the effect of maternal adrenocortical hormones on the development of fetal pancreatic islet cells, pregnant rats were adrenalectomised on d 6 of gestation. On d 12-16 the growth patterns of fetal insulin-producing B cells, glucagon-producing A cells, and somatostatin-producing D cells were observed histometrically. Maternal adrenalectomy resulted in growth retardation of fetal B cells on d 12-15. Maternal corticosterone therapy prevented this retardation. Maternal adrenalectomy, however, did not affect the developmental patterns of A and D cells. By Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, glucocorticoid receptors were demonstrated to be present in the islet cells from d 12 to d 15. These results suggest that maternal adrenocortical hormones, glucocorticoids in particular, maintain the early development of fetal pancreatic B cells through their specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptor. (+info)

Developmental changes in mucosubstances revealed by immunostaining with antimucus monoclonal antibodies and lectin staining in the epithelium lining the segment from gizzard to duodenum of the chick embryo. (8/9568)

The mucosubstances in the epithelium lining the segment from gizzard to duodenum during development of the chick embryo was studied histochemically using monoclonal antibodies against gizzard mucus and lectins, with attention to the regional differentiation of the epithelium in this segment. The anterior limit of epithelial CdxA mRNA expression detected by in situ hybridisation, which served as the position of the gizzard-duodenal boundary, was clearly found from d 3. Granules positive for some antibodies or lectins were found in the region ranging from the posterior part of the gizzard to the duodenum at d 3, which was followed by an increase in the number of granules and a gradual enlargement of the granule-positive area to the anterior part of the gizzard over 4-6 d. From d 4, the epithelia of the gizzard body and of the pyloric or duodenal region came to be differently stained with some antibodies or lectins. From d 10, each region showed a specific pattern of staining. The epithelia of the gizzard body and pyloric region contained abundant mucus granules with a different staining pattern. In the duodenum the number of stained granules was low except in occasional goblet cells. Thus the epithelia of the gizzard body, pyloric region and duodenum may produce different mucosubstances and the regional differentiation in these epithelia may start at rather early stages soon after the formation of digestive tube. (+info)

... and using the mean gestational age of other embryos or fetuses of the same size. If the gestational age as calculated from an ... indicating that the gestational age estimated by ultrasonography should be used as the official gestational age. Once the ... potentially giving an estimated gestational age that is too low. Gestational age is used for example for:[citation needed] The ... sometimes incorporating weight as well as gestational age. The gestational age for statistical recording of fetal deaths ranges ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_age

"Large-for-gestational-age newborns in women with insulin-treated gestational diabetes under strict metabolic control". Wiener ... Large for gestational age (LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically ... Gestational age: pregnancies that go beyond 40 weeks increase incidence of an LGA infant Fetal sex: male infants tend to weigh ... "Large for Gestational Age Babies: Reasons, Signs & Treatment". parenting.firstcry.com. Retrieved 2021-09-15. "UpToDate". www. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_for_gestational_age

... (SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age, most commonly ... Example: 35-week gestational age delivery, 2250 g weight is appropriate for gestational age but is still low birth weight. One ... defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Being small for gestational age is broadly either: Being ... Small for gestational age (SGA) at MedlinePlus. Update Date: 8/4/2009. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick. Also reviewed by David ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_for_gestational_age

... length before a gestational age of 6 weeks is extrapolated by assuming a gestational sac diameter of 0 at a gestational age of ... By approximately nine weeks of gestational age, due to folding of the trilaminar germ disc, the amniotic sac expands and occupy ... The mean sac diameter can effectively estimate the gestational age between 5 and 6 weeks, with an accuracy of about +/- 5 days ... "Study of accuracy of commonly used fetal parameters for estimation of gestational age". Journal of Nepal Medical Association. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_sac

In obstetrics, gestational age refers to the time since the onset of the last menses, which on average is fertilization age ... Birth normally occurs at a gestational age of about 40 weeks, though it is common for births to occur from 37 to 42 weeks. ... "Gestational age: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-09-13. Coley SL, Aronson RE (September 2013 ... and posture to help determine the gestational age. Various factors can influence the duration of gestation, including diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation

A baby born "at term" is between the gestational age of 37 weeks to 41 weeks. A preterm baby is born before the gestational age ... Measured in weeks, gestational age is a term used to describe how far along a pregnancy is starting from the first day of the ... Gestational age is the main determinant of whether a baby will be able to live and survive outside of the uterus. While ... "Gestational age: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-23. "When Pregnancy Goes Past Your Due ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_birth_(human)

"Mississippi Gestational Age Act (HB 1510)". Rewire.News. Retrieved March 28, 2018. Bologna, Giacomo; Ramseth, Luke (June 28, ... In 2018, Representative Currie sponsored the Mississippi Gestational Age Act (HB 1510), prohibiting abortions after 15 weeks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becky_Currie

United States: In 2003, from data collected in those areas that sufficiently reported gestational age, it was found that 6.2% ... Survival odds increase with increasing gestational age. If medical staff observe signs of life, they may be required to provide ... Although it is very uncommon, women undergoing surgical abortion after this gestational age sometimes give birth to a fetus ... In this context, late is not precisely defined, and different medical publications use varying gestational age thresholds. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_termination_of_pregnancy

Adding the estimated gestational age at childbirth to the above time point. Childbirth on average occurs at a gestational age ... and using the mean gestational age of other embryos or fetuses of the same size. If the gestational age as calculated from an ... "Gestational age in pregnancies conceived after in vitro fertilization: A comparison between age assessed from oocyte retrieval ... Naegele's rule is a standard way of calculating the due date for a pregnancy when assuming a gestational age of 280 days at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimated_date_of_delivery

Adding the estimated gestational age at childbirth to the above time point. Childbirth on average occurs at a gestational age ... Embryo at 4 weeks after fertilization (gestational age of 6 weeks) Fetus at 8 weeks after fertilization (gestational age of 10 ... gestational age of 20 weeks) Fetus at 38 weeks after fertilization (gestational age of 40 weeks) Relative size in 1st month ( ... and using the mean gestational age of other embryos or fetuses of the same size. If the gestational age as calculated from an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy

Low IQ in adulthood may occur in up to one third of infants born small for gestational age due to IUGR. Infants who fail to ... Small for gestational age (SGA) at MedlinePlus. Update Date: 8/4/2009. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick. Also reviewed by David ... Intrauterine growth restriction can result in a baby being small for gestational age (SGA), which is most commonly defined as a ... This type of IUGR is most commonly caused by extrinsic factors that affect the fetus at later gestational ages. Specific causes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrauterine_growth_restriction

Hill L (2008). "Prevalence of Breech Presentation by Gestational Age". American Journal of Perinatology. 7 (1): 92-93. doi: ... During the first period, which lasts until the 24th gestational week, the incidence of a longitudinal lie increases, with equal ... In the third period, from the 36th gestational week onward, the incidence of cephalic and breech presentations remain stable, i ... During the second period, lasting from the 25th to the 35th gestational week, the incidence of cephalic presentation increases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breech_birth

... especially for women over 35 years of age). Paternal age - one study found that a father's age over 55 years was associated ... Their babies are also less likely to be large for their gestational age, and have less percentage of fat when they are born. ... It affects 1% of those under the age of 20 and 13% of those over the age of 44. A number of ethnic groups including Asians, ... Type C: onset at age 10-19 or duration of 10-19 years. Type D: onset before age 10 or duration greater than 20 years. Type E: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_diabetes

Decision-making is individualized based on prognosis, gestational age, and the pregnant woman's life and values. A variety of ... Addressing the gestational age also affects decision making. Although, it's important to understand there is also very little ... age, political view, religion, lifestyle, etc.) and how that affects a person's decision-making. In terms of maternal-fetal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal-fetal_conflict

Gestational age, newborn birth weight, and danger presenting risks are all taken into account on whether or not a classic ... Osmundson SS, Garabedian MJ, Lyell DJ (October 2013). "Risk factors for classical hysterotomy by gestational age". Obstetrics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysterotomy

The newborn is often small for gestational age. A petechial rash on the skin may be present, with small reddish or purplish ... which starts at gestational ages between 22 and 28 weeks (with regional variations in the definition) and ending seven ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertically_transmitted_infection

The exact number can vary by gestational age. The fifth percentile for gestational age is sometimes used as a cutoff value. An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_fluid_index

41 weeks corrected gestational age. Erythromycin may be an alternative. For use in combination regimens for eradication of H. ... A separate list for children up to 12 years of age, known as the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc), was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines

Viable gestational age varies from region to region. A nulliparous (/nʌlˈɪpərəs/) woman (a nullipara or para 0) has never given ... A multiple pregnancy (e.g., twins, triplets, etc.) carried to viable gestational age is still counted as 1. Abortus is the ... depending upon age of viability). If a woman carries the fetus to viable age, even if ultimately the fetus is born deceased, ... and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). These terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravidity_and_parity

The earliest gestational age at which the infant has at least a 50% chance of survival is referred to as the limit of viability ... Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full ... A short cervix preterm is undesirable: A cervical length of less than 25 mm at or before 24 weeks of gestational age is the ... Gestational age was positively correlated with volumes of the temporal and fusiform gyri and sensorimotor cortex bilaterally, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preterm_birth

Preterm birth is the birth of an infant at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age. Globally, about 15 million infants were born ... "Recent Declines in Induction of Labor by Gestational Age". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 9 May 2018. ... Abuse during childbirth Advanced maternal age, when a woman is of an older age at reproduction Antinatalism Asynclitic birth, ... but in these instances gestational age confirmation must be done, and the maturity of the fetal lung must be confirmed by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

"Induction of labor and caesarean delivery by gestational age". Am Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 195 (3): 700-705. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_induction

Reorganization in congenital hemiparesis acquired at different gestational ages. Ann. Neurol. 56, 854-863. PMID 15562409 Lotze ... Aging 28, 404-413. PMID 16530885 Heun, R., Jessen, F., Klose, U., Erb, M., Granath, D.-O., and Grodd, W. (2004). Response- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Grodd

Lower gestational age increases the risk of infant mortality. Over the last decade, prematurity has been the leading cause of ... less than 28 weeks gestational age, or less than 35 cm in length) that were born alive (breathed, had a heartbeat, or exhibited ... Other body systems that rely on later gestational age to be fully developed include, the gastrointestinal system, the skin, the ... is the leading cause of infant mortality for those 1 month of age to 1 year of age. Immunizations, when given in accordance to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_mortality

Sheth RD, Hobbs GR, Mullett M (January 1999). "Neonatal seizures: incidence, onset, and etiology by gestational age". Journal ... A neonatal seizure is a seizure in a baby younger than age 4-weeks that is identifiable by an electrical recording of the brain ... In contrast to seizures that occur in other age groups, seizures that occur during the neonatal period are most often caused by ... Seizures in the neonatal population often present differently than in other age groups due to brain immaturity. Electroclinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_seizure

At later gestational ages, osmotic dilators, including laminaria, may be used to assist in dilating the cervix. Most abortion ... This may be affected by the gestational age of the pregnancy and history of prior vaginal deliveries. More dilators are ... generally used with advancing gestational age. Laminaria tents are usually left in place overnight. Laminaria function by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotic_dilator

... gestational age) Fetus at 17 weeks Fetus at 20 weeks A gestational sac can be reliably seen on transvaginal ultrasound by 5 ... gestational age (approximately 3 weeks after ovulation). The embryo should be seen by the time the gestational sac measures 25 ... if a later scan gives a different estimate of gestational age, the estimated age is not normally changed but rather it is ... Usually scans for this type of detection are done around 18 to 23 weeks of gestational age (called the "anatomy scan", "anomaly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetric_ultrasonography

MRI is especially beneficial in gestational age and obese people. MRI is also beneficial at preventing the exposure of ionizing ... People who are of pre- and postmenopausal age with breast cancer and are being treated with tamoxifen are at increased risk for ... The evaluation includes a collection of the person's age, family history, and previous histories of ovarian or breast cancers. ... Aghajanian P, Rimel BJ (2019). "Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases". In DeCherney AH, Nathan L, Laufer N, Roman AS (eds.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca_lutein_cyst

"Placental Weights: Means, Standard Deviations, and Percentiles by Gestational Age". Placental and Gestational Pathology. 2017. ... same placenta Close-up of umbilical attachment to fetal side of freshly delivered placenta Placenta weight by gestational age ... generally taking advantage of conditions at certain gestational periods as the placenta develops. CMV and Zika travel from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta

Gestational age nicotine exposure is associated with many neurological deficits. Prenatal exposure has been associated with ... Exposures for children below the age of 6 is a concern because a small dose of nicotine e-liquid may be fatal. A 2014 Centers ... A 2016 survey of people 14 years of age and up in Germany reported that 20.7% of participants consider e-cigarettes to be not ... Every person were male and 33 years was the average age. In five cases, they received burn harms resulting from an e-cigarette ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_of_electronic_cigarettes

PTGS2 expression in the amnion during spontaneous labour and was discovered to have increased expression with gestational age ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

Until about the ninth week of gestational age the external genitalia of males and females look the same, and follow a common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system

Influence of gestational age and birth weight". NeuroToxicology. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.09.008. PMID 19800915. Wakefield, AJ ... Influence of gestational age and birth weight". Neurotoxicology. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.09.008. PMID 19800915. Retracted: ... Poland GA, Jacobson RM (13 January 2011). "The Age-Old Struggle against the Antivaccinationists". The New England Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield

... the specific effect of MAM on neural development depends on the gestational age of the subject. At the seventeenth gestational ... Another study found that mice whom methylazoxy-methanol acetate was administered on 16th gestational day, but not those whom it ... MAM is administered at the fifteenth gestational day. Previous studies have found impaired cognitive function in GD15 MAM rats ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylazoxymethanol_acetate

... may refer to: Early pregnancy bleeding, which is bleeding before 24 weeks gestational age Obstetrical ... which is bleeding that occurs after 24 weeks gestational age including the postpartum period This disambiguation page lists ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_in_pregnancy

... being small for gestational age at birth, Prader-Willi syndrome, Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, or other conditions. Genetic ... the bone age is the same as the biological age but for some people, it is older. For many people with advanced bone ages, they ... The cost of treatment depends on the amount of growth hormone given, which in turn depends on the child's weight and age. One ... Short stature can also be caused by the bone plates fusing at an earlier age than normal, therefore stunting growth. Normally, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_stature

... see Gestational age, the first day of the menstrual period prior to conceiving, used to calculate expected date of delivery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMP

... disproportionate to the gestational age of the fetus) decreased fetal movement decreased fetal heart rate. Vaginal bleeding, if ... Thrombophilia Polyhydramnios Multiparity Multiple pregnancy Maternal age: pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_abruption

While chromosomal abnormalities are avoided with egg freezing, pregnancy at older age increases the risk of gestational ... At age 20, 1 in 2000 At age 24, 1 in 1300 At age 25, 1 in 1200 At age 29, 1 in 950 At age 30, 1 in 900 At age 34, 1 in 450 At ... age 35, 1 in 350 At age 39, 1 in 150 At age 40, 1 in 100 At age 44, 1 in 40 At age 45, 1 in 30 At age 49, 1 in 10 In addition ... Paternal age effect Advanced maternal age Pregnancy over age 50 "Having a Baby After Age 35: How Aging Affects Fertility and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_female_fertility

... ranging in age from gestational week 13 to postnatal month 18 were studied. Since then the arena of 2D CT scan images has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_autopsy

... or roughly the age range of 14-16. Though it is a controversial psychometric, adult IQ also begins to be tested around this age ... Studies report that three primary structures are formed in the sixth gestational week. These are the forebrain, the midbrain, ... with the Raven Progressive Metrices test beginning at age 14 and Wechsler Adult IQ test beginning at age 16 (though scores ... It is also believed to have originated from a study by Jay Giedd based on MRI data, scanning the brains of people aged up to 21 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain_development_timeline

... babies whose birth weight lies below the 10th percentile for that gestational age Society of Graphic Art, a British arts ... General and Administrative expenses in income statements Simple Genetic Algorithm Small for gestational age, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGA

Risk factors for glaucoma include increasing age, high pressure in the eye, a family history of glaucoma, and use of steroid ... Occasionally, failure of the normal third-trimester gestational atrophy of the hyaloid canal and the tunica vasculosa lentis is ... Screening, however, is recommended starting at age 40 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. There is a glaucoma screening ... Researchers reviewed 21,766 persons age ≥ 40 years old with newly diagnosed open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and found that Medicaid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

Branum, A. M.; Parker, J. D.; Schoendorf, K. C. (2009). "Trends in US sex ratio by plurality, gestational age and race/ ... None of the natural factors such as paternal age, maternal age, age difference of parents or birth order could explain the time ... The age of the mother affected the ratio: the overall ratio was 1.05 for mothers aged 25 to 35 at the time of birth mothers who ... but 1.15 for gestational ages of less than 28 weeks, 28-32 weeks, and 37 or more weeks. This study also found that the sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratio

April 2009). "Prediction of fetal lung immaturity using gestational age, patient characteristics and fetal lung maturity tests ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecithin–sphingomyelin_ratio

24.5% of reproductive age women (age 20-44 years) are estimated to be overweight and 23.0% of reproductive age women are ... In addition, pregnant women with a history of insulin resistance caused by PCOS have an increased risk of gestational diabetes ... An estimated 38.2 million under 5 years of age were either overweight or obese as of 2019. In Africa, the number of overweight ... 124 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 (6% of girls and 8% of boys) were obese in 2016, as compared to 1975 where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity_and_fertility

It occurs on average two years and almost exclusively up to six years after pregnancy, usual age range is 17 to 42 years. Some ... gestational diabetes or developing diabetes mellitus type 2) will enhance the galactogenic and antiapoptotic effects of PRL and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulomatous_mastitis

By age 44, chances of spontaneous pregnancy approach zero. As such, women are often told to have children before the age of 35 ... high blood pressure gestational diabetes birth defects (i.e. Down syndrome) miscarriage low birth weight ectopic pregnancy ... Live births by age of mother and sex of child, general and age-specific fertility rates: latest available year, 2000-2009 - ... All care after childbirth recovery is typically excluded, which includes pre-menopause and aging into old age. During ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health

White SS, Stanko JP, Kato K, Calafat AM, Hines EP, Fenton SE (August 2011). "Gestational and chronic low-dose PFOA exposures ... in an aging population from upstate New York: a retrospective cohort study". International Archives of Occupational and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances

Other studies have indicated that breast feeding may be particularly important for children born Small for Gestational Age (SGA ... Trimble, Benjamin, K.; Patricia A. Baird; John M. Opitz (1978). "Maternal age and down syndrome: Age-specific incidence rates ... either premature delivery or the infant's size is just lower than average for its gestational age; both contribute to ... At the age of 15 he was fitted with hearing aids and taught Spanish; however, after 4 years he still had severe difficulties in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_and_intelligence

Ultrasound imaging in PKS commonly find fetuses that are too large for their gestational age, contain polyhydramnios (excess ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallister–Killian_syndrome

The success rate of reciprocal IVF heavily depends on the age of the birth mother. For women under age 35, there is a 41-43% ... The gestational carrier tends to be the partner who has previously given birth, is fit for pregnancy, or the partner with the ... The decision to choose which partner is going to be the egg donor and which partner is going to be the gestational carrier can ... Reciprocal IVF is a process that involves steps both for the genetic mother and the gestational mother. Below, we will list the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partner-assisted_reproduction

The overall hypothesis of the authors was that this finding reflected an error in recorded gestational age, described in a ... strongly bimodal birth-weight distribution at young gestational ages for Mexican-Americans. Many external effects come into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_paradox

Null mutants die at an early gestational age (embryonic day 11.5). By investigating hypomorphic mutants (which can survive 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediator_(coactivator)

... gestational age or trauma. Inappropriately using the Apgar score has led to errors in diagnosing asphyxia. Various studies have ... Exceedingly few infants who have an Apgar score of 0 at 10 minutes of age survive with intact neurological function. As a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apgar_score

At the age of 18 in La Rochelle, I decided to leave my family. The day I arrived in Paris, I went for a walk on the Champs- ... Bergé supported the idea of gestational surrogacy and controversially said "rent her womb for a child or lease her arms to work ... Bergé died of myopathy on 8 September 2017, in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, at the age of 86. Majorelle Garden Elizabeth Snead (5 ... Saint Laurent died on 1 June 2008, aged 71. On 31 March 2017, Bergé married Madison Cox, a landscape architect and gardener, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bergé

When large for gestational age fetuses (LGA) are identified, there are two common causes: maternal diabetes or incorrect dates ... It is common for tumors to be embryonal in type and appear before the age of 10. There are five different types of tumors that ... Macrosomia Macroglossia Advanced bone age Organomegaly Neonatal hypoglycemia Neoplasms Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( ... or head circumference above the average for sex and age. One of the most noted features of OGS is the increased risk of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpson–Golabi–Behmel_syndrome

If the babys gestational age findings after birth match the calendar age, the baby is said to be appropriate for gestational ... Gestational age is the common term used during pregnancy to describe how far along the pregnancy is. It is measured in weeks, ... Gestational age can be determined before or after birth.. *Before birth, your health care provider will use ultrasound to ... After birth, gestational age can be measured by looking at the babys weight, length, head circumference, vital signs, reflexes ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002367.htm

QuickStats: Mean Gestational Age, by Plurality* --- United States, 2005 * Defined as the number of live births and stillbirths ... In 2005, the mean gestational age for singletons was 38.7 weeks, compared with 35.2 weeks for twins, 31.9 weeks for triplets, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5709a9.htm

... looked at the impacts of early growth hormone therapy initiation for the treatment of children born small for gestational age. ... aged 2 to ,4 years at therapy initiation, 31.6% aged 4 to ,6 years, and 57.7% aged ≥6 years. Following 8 years of therapy, the ... Context: Early initiation of growth hormone (GH) therapy is recommended for short children born small for gestational age (SGA ... Early Growth Hormone Initiation Leads to Favorable Long-Term Growth Outcomes in Children Born Small for Gestational Age Journal ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/991078

... gestational age - Featured Topics from the National Center for Health Statistics ... Measuring Gestational Age in Vital Statistics Data: Transitioning to the Obstetric Estimate. Beginning with the 2014 data year ... NCHS is transitioning to a new standard for estimating the gestational age of a newborn. The new measure, the obstetric ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/nchs/tag/gestational-age/

A better understanding of risk factors for neonatal intensive care unit [‎NICU]‎admission can inform interventions to improve neonatal survival.This study aimed to describe a population of newborns admitted to a NICU in Amman ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Gestational+Age

... ... 2013)‎. Development of birth weight for gestational age charts in a Sri Lankan setting - methodological issues. WHO South-East ... Records of 474mother/newborn pairs were used for development of gestational age‑related birthweight charts for each sex and POG ... Information on all possible risk factors contributing to LBWwere assessed.Results: Incidence of small for gestational age (‎SGA ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/329770

Occasionally forensic fetal remains are submitted to the office of the medical examiner for age determination. A variety of ... Determination of Gestational Age from Lunar Age Assessments in Human Fetal Remains. ... it is necessary to convert between lunar age and gestational age. The objective of this study is to present a conversion table ... anthropological and sonographic-then age is reported as gestational weeks. For comparison between ages derived from these ...

https://www.astm.org/jfs14398j.html

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study on 239 preterm infants at>or =2 months of age in the neonatal intensive care unit ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/article/crp-level-infants-elevated-48-hours-following-immunization

This report describes how COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with preterm or small-for-gestational-age at ... This report describes how COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with preterm or small-for-gestational-age at ... 10th percentile for gestational age compared with a U.S. reference population (6). Gestational age was determined from the VSD ... and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at birth (birthweight ,10th percentile for gestational age) after COVID-19 vaccination ( ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7101e1.htm?s_cid=mm7101e1_w

There was an inverse correlation between mean MOM and gestational age. LGA pregnancy status was associated with multiparity, ... We categorized triplet sets as small-, appropriate-, and large-for-gestational age pregnancies (SGA, AGA, and LGA, respectively ... race (being white), and high social status (education). Maternal age did not influence MOM scores. Compared with the LGA ... is customary to estimate the uteroplacental function in singletons by defining appropriateness of birth weight by gestational ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2006108?error=cookies_not_supported&code=ec022ebf-90bd-41c5-800c-e119b36c1dbc

... umbilical cord milking may increase the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants with a gestational age of ... umbilical cord milking may increase the risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants with a gestational age of ... of umbilical cord milking versus delayed cord clamping on the early prognosis of preterm infants with a gestational age of ... of umbilical cord milking versus delayed cord clamping on the early prognosis of preterm infants with a gestational age of ,34 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35644188/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1R5mb94PzUMmSPhT3wNfTtXDqL8kZDxWlX1CvpfwKYQq6tJ19M&fc=None&ff=20221124082835&v=2.17.8

Small-for-Gestational-Age Baby - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... What is a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) baby? Gestation refers to pregnancy. Gestational age is how far along a mother is in ... Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) refers to babies who weigh less than 9 out of 10 babies of the same sex at the same gestational ... What causes a baby to be small for gestational age? Most SGA babies have no problems-they just happen to be small. Often lots ...

https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-pt/home/quick-facts-children-s-health-issues/general-problems-in-newborns/small-for-gestational-age-baby

Small-for-gestational age birth is when a babys weight at birth is below the 10th percentile for its gestational age. About ... Bloomington, Minn. - A new study shows that COVID-19 vaccines do not cause preterm birth or small-for-gestational age at birth ... New CDC study finds COVID-19 vaccines dont cause preterm birth or small-for-gestational age birth. The study, co-authored by ... The adjusted rates for preterm birth and small-for-gestational age at birth were no higher among patients who were vaccinated ...

https://www.healthpartners.com/hp/about/press-releases/new-CDC-study-finds-COVID-19-vaccines-dont-cause-preterm-birth-or-small-for-gestational-age-birth.html

Estimation of Gestational Age (EGA). EGA ultrasound crown rump length combined fetal biometry ART-derived EGA IVF Ultrasound ...

https://www.mombaby.org/resource-disease-topic/estimation-of-gestational-age/

Linear regressions and logistic regression models were applied to examine gestational age at birth with the sleep outcomes of ... and the effects of gestational age across the full range from preterm to post-term have not been examined. Our study ... A national retrospective cohort study was conducted with 114,311 children aged 3-5 years old in China. Childrens daily sleep ... Table 4 The age-specific association between gestational age and score with daily sleep hours and CSHQ score in preschoolers(n= ...

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02443-9/tables/4

Gestational Age Humans Infant, Newborn Maternal Exposure OPs Organophosphate Organophosphorus Compounds Paraoxanase Pesticide ... The relationship between ΣDAP concentrations and gestational age was stronger for white (-0.7 weeks; CI: -1.1, -0.3) than for ... Racial differences in the relation of birth weight and gestational age to neonatal mortality. Cite ... Title : Racial differences in the relation of birth weight and gestational age to neonatal mortality. Personal Author(s) : ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/10861

Impact of Teleneonatology On Transfer Rates: Do Birth Hospital Level Of Care And Patient Gestational Age Matter? Jennifer Fang ... Gestational age significantly impacted the transfer rate in both Level I and Level II nurseries. While about half of term ... Gestational age significantly impacted transfer rate in both Level I and II nurseries, with preterm infants having the highest ... or the gestational age (GA) of the neonate. In addition, it is unclear if the effect of teleneonatology on transfer rates is ...

https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/147/3_MeetingAbstract/966/4855/Impact-of-Teleneonatology-On-Transfer-Rates-Do?autologincheck=redirected?nfToken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000

The median maternal age during pregnancy was 28.6 years. The median (interquartile range) gestational age in weeks at the first ... The proportion of women attending for ANC during a gestational age window for vaccination of 28-32 weeks (recommended), 26-33 ... Estimated vaccine coverage was 42.1, 46.5 and 52.9% within the narrow, wide and wider gestational age windows, respectively. In ... However, Kenya has no documented published data on gestational age distribution of pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC ...

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-09841-9

Thus, with advancing gestational age; placental thickness measurement can be an additional tool to determine gestational age ... Ultrasonographic Measurement of Placental Thickness and its Correlation with Gestational Age and Fetal Weight Authors. * Md. ... Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurement of Placental thickness, gestational age and estimated fetal weight play a vital role ... Results: In present study the mean age group of pregnant women was 23.92 ± 4.456 years with mean age of gestation to be 28.18 ...

https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/medphoenix/article/view/47380

Neurodevelopmental outcome of hypoglycaemia in healthy, large for gestational age, term newborns. Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:78-81 ... Response to: Neurodevelopmental outcome of hypoglycaemia in healthy, large for gestational age, term ... Response to: Neurodevelopmental outcome of hypoglycaemia in healthy, large for gestational age, term ... Neurodevelopmental outcome of hypoglycaemia in healthy, large for gestational age, term newborns ...

https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/1/78.responses

... are based on data from the 1970s and require updating given changes in birthweight and in the measurement of gestational age ... between the new and currently used centiles confirm the need for more up-to-date centiles for birthweight for gestational age. ... Centile charts of birthweight for gestational age are used to identify low birthweight babies. The charts currently used in ... From: Centile charts for birthweight for gestational age for Scottish singleton births ...

https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2393-8-5/figures/3

... gestational age for mothers, expecting mothers, and soon to be expecting mothers. ... A large for gestational age infant is born weighing more than 90% of all other infants born at the same gestational age. For ... Small for gestational age is a medical term used to describe the weightand gestational age of an infant. Just because an infant ... Home Care of Small for Gestational Age Infants. When parents give birth to a small for gestational age (SGA) infant it can be a ...

https://www.babymed.com/tag/gestational-age

... appropriate for gestational age; CGA, corrected gestational age; HC, head circumference; SGA, small for gestational age. ... AGA, appropriate for gestational age; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; SGA, small for gestational age. ... Comparison of postdischarge growth in adequate for gestational age and small for gestational age very low birthweight infants. ... adiposity and metabolic outcomes of appropriate for gestational age (AGA) versus small for gestational age (SGA) premature ...

https://fn.bmj.com/content/104/3/F242

While mean birth weight for each gestational age of first-born-children, on the other hand was significantly lower than that of ... Only live singletons with recorded gestational ages of 26 to 42 weeks and the exact time of admission to the neonatal ... At term, mean birth weight for each gestational age of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. ... were based on the data collected from teaching hospitals only with limited gestational ages. The aims of the study were to ...

https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-016-0728-1

Ruis, K. A., Allen, R. H., & Gurewitsch, E. D. (2011). Severe shoulder dystocia with a small-for-gestational-age infant: A case ... Ruis, KA, Allen, RH & Gurewitsch, ED 2011, Severe shoulder dystocia with a small-for-gestational-age infant: A case report, ... Severe shoulder dystocia with a small-for-gestational-age infant: A case report. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2011 Jun 1; ... Ruis, Kristy A. ; Allen, Robert H. ; Gurewitsch, Edith D. / Severe shoulder dystocia with a small-for-gestational-age infant : ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/severe-shoulder-dystocia-with-a-small-for-gestational-age-infant--3

Relative Effects of Age, Race, and Stage on Mortality in Gestational Choriocarcinoma ... Relative Effects of Age, Race, and Stage on Mortality in Gestational Choriocarcinoma ...

https://ijgc.bmj.com/content/28/2/338.altmetrics

Title : A warning on gestational age at delivery. Personal Author(s) : Kirby, R S Published Date : 1995 Nov-Dec Source : Public ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/64272

Mean birth weight was 1397 g (SD 409) and mean gestational age 30.1 w (SD 3.1). Placental histology showed no signs of HCA in ... performance or full-scale IQ adjusted for gestational age and possible intervention effect. Conclusion: HCA is not ... At 5 years corrected age cognitive outcomes was assessed with Wechslers Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised ( ... The aim of this study was to examine the effect of prenatal inflammation on cognitive outcome at 5 years corrected age in low ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/pr2011555?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d56e473d-3d1f-4222-8cfb-a24e2a06cf6f

Precise estimation of gestational age and estimated delivery regardless of resource level- facilitate appropriate, time ...

https://innov.afro.who.int/global-innovation/gestational-age-estimation-2918

Infants weighing less are considered small for gestational age (SGA) . (medlineplus.gov)
Infants weighing more are considered large for gestational age (LGA) . (medlineplus.gov)
Prospective observational study on 239 preterm infants at>or =2 months of age in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). (greenmedinfo.com)
The study found that preterm infants were more likely than full-term infants to be male or first-born or to have congenital anomalies and their mothers were more likely to smoke, have lower education, higher BMI, and be at extremes of age. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Incidence rates for CKD by gestational age were 9.24 for preterm infants, 5.90 for infants with early-term deliveries, and 4.47 for those with full-term deliveries. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Gestational age significantly impacted transfer rate in both Level I and II nurseries, with preterm infants having the highest rate of transfer. (aap.org)
A large for gestational age infant is born weighing more than 90% of all other infants born at the same gestational age. (babymed.com)
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Is the fetoplacental ratio a differential marker of fetal growth restriction in small for gestational age infants? (eur.nl)
Is the fetoplacental ratio a differential marker of fetal growth restriction in small for gestational age infants? (eur.nl)
Background: Severe shoulder dystocia is disproportionately associated with large-for-gestational-age infants. (elsevier.com)
In general, risk factors in the mother that may contribute to low birth weight include young ages, multiple pregnancies, previous LBW infants, poor nutrition, heart disease or hypertension , untreated celiac disease , substance use disorder , excessive alcohol use , and insufficient prenatal care . (wikipedia.org)
Infants born small for gestational age may be constitutionally small, with no associated pathologic process. (wikipedia.org)
Infant, small for gestational age - Small for gestational age (SGA) infants weigh 2500 g or less at birth and are considered to have intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), given their gestational age. (en-academic.com)
Accurate gestational age (GA) dating is important for estimating the due date of a pregnancy and critical to provide interventions for women in preterm labor and for their infants. (harvard.edu)
Serum samples from 566 children in Alexandria, Egypt showed a significant decrease in the seropositive rate to the 3 viral diseases with increasing age, but a significant increase in the seropositive rate among infants who were ranked 1st or 2nd in their family, full-term or born to mothers with no history of hypertension during pregnancy. (who.int)
Binding of bilirubin to albumin increases postnatally with age and is reduced in infants who are ill. (medscape.com)
Seventy-seven infants (gestational age, 37 +/- 2,3 weeks), received HFOV after a mean duration of CV of 7.5 +/- 9.7 hours. (unboundmedicine.com)
In contrast, lower gestational age and birth weight infants belonging to mothers who did not experience high depressive symptoms perinatally did not demonstrate impaired motor outcomes. (news-medical.net)
Further, the rates of preterm birth in the two groups were almost identical, and the perinatal outcomes of post-date pregnancies, multiple gestations, and infants who were small for gestational age were similar. (healthy.net)
Perinatal outcome variables included gestational hypertension, preterm births, low-birth-weight infants, small-for-gestational- age infants, and major malformations. (elsevier.com)

Gestational age is the common term used during pregnancy to describe how far along the pregnancy is. (medlineplus.gov)
40,000 pregnant women, COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with preterm birth or small-for-gestational-age at birth overall, stratified by trimester of vaccination, or number of vaccine doses received during pregnancy, compared with unvaccinated pregnant women. (cdc.gov)
10th percentile for gestational age) after COVID-19 vaccination (receipt of ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine doses) during pregnancy were evaluated. (cdc.gov)
Females aged 16-49 years with estimated pregnancy start during May 17-October 24, 2020, and expected delivery dates, based on a 40-week gestation, during February 21-July 31, 2021, were included. (cdc.gov)
Gestational age is how far along a mother is in her pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
The median maternal age during pregnancy was 28.6 years. (biomedcentral.com)
Doctors use various methods to determine gestational age of a pregnancy.The most common test is the ultrasound, which measures the size of the gestational sac and the length between crown and rump. (babymed.com)
Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy may increase risk of lower birthweight percentile for gestational age. (biomedcentral.com)
To the best of our knowledge, there are no population-based studies of prenatal PM 2.5 exposure and SGA or birthweight percentile for gestational age in the United States that compare successive pregnancy outcomes in the same mother. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods We performed meta-analysis of Illumina's HumanMethylation450-array associations between gestational age and cord blood DNA methylation in 3648 newborns from 17 cohorts without common pregnancy complications, induced delivery or caesarean section. (helsinki.fi)
Gestational hypertension (transient hypertension of pregnancy or chronic hypertension identified in the latter half of pregnancy). (medscape.com)
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) released revised guidelines that simplified the classification of hypertension in pregnancy into four categories, pre-existing hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or "other hypertensive effects" on the basis of different diagnostic considerations. (medscape.com)
The 5-minute Apgar score may be Gestational diabetes is diabetes that happens during pregnancy. (yourvdesk.com)
Gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy which is taken from the beginning of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available. (yourvdesk.com)
Babies are defined as being large for gestational age (also known as macrosomia) when the weight of the newborn is more than 4.5kg at birth.During pregnancy, an estimated fetal weight above the 90th centile is considered large for gestational age. (yourvdesk.com)
The Late Pregnancy Ultrasound Study aimed to evaluate and improve the accuracy of the ultrasound scan in estimating gestational age in late pregnancy. (harvard.edu)
Women with gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance tended to be older, have had more pregnancies, weigh more before pregnancy and have heavier babies than those with a normal glycemic status. (cmaj.ca)
Know the gestational age via cellphone and the estimated date of birth of the baby automatically with due date countdown and calculator for pregnancy. (appbrain.com)
The Brazil Ministry of Health (MoH) established a task force to investigate the possible association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a registry for incident microcephaly cases (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth) and pregnancy outcomes among women suspected to have had Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
Data from Lesotho - where almost a third of women of reproductive age are living with HIV - showed that in the ART era women with HIV still remain at a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. (i-base.info)
4] But women with HIV at normal BMI were at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). (i-base.info)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy and is defined as glucose intolerance or high blood glucose concentrations (hyperglycemia), with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
While methods of abortion may vary by gestational age, pregnancy can safely be ended regardless of gestational age. (srhr.org)
Gestational medication use was determined on the basis of patient history at enrollment and at monthly visits during pregnancy. (elsevier.com)
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance with onset during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. (who.int)

Small-for-gestational age birth is when a baby's weight at birth is below the 10th percentile for its gestational age. (healthpartners.com)
PM 2.5 ) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth and lower birthweight percentile for gestational age. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we assess whether prenatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is associated with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth or birthweight percentile for gestational age in a longitudinal setting. (biomedcentral.com)
the 90th percentile for gestational age are classified as large for gestational age. (yourvdesk.com)
Finally, an infant weighing around 4200 grams is within the 95th percentile and is considered large for gestational age, or LGA for short. (yourvdesk.com)
765 ICDO = OMIM = MedlinePlus = eMedicineSubj = eMedicineTopic = MeshID = D007230 Small for gestational age (SGA) babies are those whose birth weight lies below the 10th percentile for that gestational age. (en-academic.com)
5th percentile for age and gender. (txpeds.org)

In present study the mean age group of pregnant women was 23.92 ± 4.456 years with mean age of gestation to be 28.18 ± 7.450 weeks. (nepjol.info)
LBW is either caused by preterm birth (that is, a low gestational age at birth, commonly defined as younger than 37 weeks of gestation) or the infant being small for gestational age (that is, a slow prenatal growth rate ), or a combination of both. (wikipedia.org)
For information on gestational age in non human animals, see gestation. (en-academic.com)
Eligible participants were multiple or singleton pregnant women who can read and write English, with an internet connection, aged 18 to 55 years, and at any stage of gestation. (news-medical.net)
Participants will learn to facilitate the infant's ability to cough, produce audible phonation, develop oral motor skills, and improve swallowing skills, as well as gestation-age appropriate positioning and handling to support gross motor skills required for postural stability. (educationresourcesinc.com)
Pregnancies with complicated GDM are faced with between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation at a maternity hos- abortion, large for gestational age, intrauterine growth pital in Ankara, Turkey, between October 2014 and Jan- restriction, polyhydramnios, intrauterine fetal death, uary 2015. (who.int)

Check out this chart which outlines Hadlock ultrasound measurements based on gestational age. (babymed.com)
Background: Ultrasound is being used in obstetrics for assessment of fetal well-being and for accurate assessment of gestational age. (who.int)
I had my first ultrasound today and all they were able to see if the gestational sac. (healthtap.com)
Ultrasound says my fetus is 6 weeks 2 days but my gestational sac is 7 weeks 2 days. (healthtap.com)
i should be 7 weeks and ultrasound show only a gestational sac at 5.3 wks. (healthtap.com)
OC23.02: To what extent does ultrasound estimation of gestational age affect the rate of preterm births in a rural population in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA)? (ox.ac.uk)

Diabetes is the most common cause of babies who are large for gestational age. (yourvdesk.com)
Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Newborn Newborns may be large because the parents are large or because the mother has diabetes or is obese. (yourvdesk.com)
What causes gestational diabetes? (yourvdesk.com)
There was no gestational diabetes but the mothers other child was large for gestational age (LGA). (yourvdesk.com)
Get information on type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. (yourvdesk.com)
Diabetes is the leading cause of large gestational age in babies. (yourvdesk.com)
Although some causes for large for gestational age births (such as maternal obesity and diabetes) are known, some causes of large for gestational age births are of unknown origin [9,10]. (yourvdesk.com)
Background and aims: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. (lenus.ie)
Gestational age at birth was inversely associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk. (springer.com)
The goals of this study were to examine associations between gestational age at birth and risk of type 1 or type 2 diabetes up to age 43 years, the maximum follow-up currently possible in this large cohort, to assess whether these associations differ according to sex or fetal growth, and to explore for potential confounding by shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors using co-sibling analyses. (springer.com)
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus has been reported to vary widely in aboriginal populations. (cmaj.ca)
To help determine the extent of gestational diabetes in Canada's aboriginal population, the authors assessed the prevalence in a population of Cree women in northern Quebec. (cmaj.ca)
INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of gestational diabetes among James Bay Cree women in northern Quebec is twice as high as that among women in the general North American population and the second highest reported in an aboriginal group worldwide. (cmaj.ca)
Half of Americans aged 65 and older have prediabetes, and nearly 27 percent have diabetes. (aaltci.org)
Diabetes affects 8.3 percent of Americans of all ages, and 11.3 percent of adults aged 20 and older, according to the National Diabetes Fact Sheet for 2011. (aaltci.org)
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include older age, obesity, family history, having diabetes while pregnant (gestational diabetes), a sedentary lifestyle, and race/ethnicity. (aaltci.org)
Short- and long-term health consequences of gestational diabetes mellitus for mothers and their offspring. (medscape.com)
In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, the hyperbolic relationship is generally preserved but with an entire leftward shift of the curve. (medscape.com)
Consequently, women with gestational diabetes mellitus secrete much less insulin for any degree of insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
Gestational diabetes is a standard complication of being pregnant. (findvaccineusa.com)
Women who refused to attend the gestational diabetes screening test (n = 162) at a maternity hospital in An- kara, Turkey, between October 2014 and January 2015 were included in this prospective cohort study. (who.int)
The control group (matched for age and body mass index) was recruited from women who agreed to have the gestational diabetes screening test (n = 194). (who.int)
Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose screening can replace gestational diabetes mellitus screening in women who refuse to have the glucose load test. (who.int)
refused to attend a gestational diabetes screening test and compared their maternal and fetal outcomes with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as im- those who accepted a gestational diabetes screening test. (who.int)

Maternal age did not influence MOM scores. (nature.com)
Maternal age. (cancer.gov)
Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of benzene exposure and genetic susceptibility with gestational age, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, stress, passive smoking, prepregnancy weight and height, and infant's sex. (cdc.gov)
Elevated body mass index, maternal age extremes and Afro-American ethnicity are associated with a higher risk of PE [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
In multivariate analysis ( adjusted for maternal age, estimated gestational age at enrollment, gravidity and education) adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for any adverse outcome (intrauterine loss, preterm, low birth weight, birth defect) for HIV positive vs negative women was 2.29 (95% CI 1.41 to 3.72), p=0.001. (i-base.info)

The researchers looked at preterm births and small-for-gestational age births among more than 40,000 births that occurred after COVID-19 vaccines became available. (healthpartners.com)
Infant mortality - World infant mortality rates in 2008[1] Infant mortality is defined as the number of infant deaths (one year of age or younger) per 1000 live births. (en-academic.com)
4.5% of babies were small for gestational age (SGA) at birth in live births. (lenus.ie)

Meta-analysis of prognostic tests in neonates over 35-week gestational age with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]. (bvsalud.org)
The second time, the information procured by the questionnaire was about the mental health of mothers following delivery and characteristics of neonates such as their birth weight, gestational age, and motor developments. (news-medical.net)

A priority research area of the Global AIM lab is to improve the estimation of gestational age in low-resource settings. (harvard.edu)
Obtaining a gestational age estimation using TraCer requires automation of several processes using algorithms designed by the TraCer research team * including issues with videos of a lower quality. (ox.ac.uk)

Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrating the effect of gestational age at the time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on secondary obstetric outcomes. (cdc.gov)

As the epigenome is known to have an important role during fetal development, we investigated associations between gestational age and blood DNA methylation in children. (helsinki.fi)

Beginning with the 2014 data year, NCHS is transitioning to a new standard for estimating the gestational age of a newborn. (cdc.gov)
Records of 474mother/newborn pairs were used for development of gestational age‑related birthweight charts for each sex and POG. (who.int)
Babies are defined as being large for gestational age (also known as macrosomia) when the weight of the newborn is more than 4.5kg at birth. (yourvdesk.com)
Improving the quality of gestational age data globally is a priority of the Every Newborn Action Plan of the WHO and UNICEF. (harvard.edu)
Our systematic reviews on the accuracy of (1) newborn assessments , (2) foot length , and (3) symphysis fundal height to estimate gestational age were published in (1) Pediatrics , (2) BMJ Global Health , and (3) PLOS One . (harvard.edu)
TUESDAY, Dec. 7, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- The odds of giving birth to a newborn that is small for gestational age (SGA) are reduced among pregnant women at high risk who receive a structured Mediterranean diet or mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention compared with usual care, according to a study published in the Dec. 7 issue the Journal of the American Medical Association . (healthday.com)

Over many years, there has been a slow, steady increase in the proportion of abortions which occur at lower gestational age. (wordpress.com)

placental thickness measurement can be an additional tool to determine gestational age and fetal weight. (nepjol.info)

Using a co-twin control study matched for gestational age and familial factors, we applied logistic regression with random effects (to account for paired data) to study the association between male sex and infant death, adjusting for: birthweight, within- and between-pair effects of birthweight, birth order and gestational age, including interactions. (lse.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: After matching for gestational age and familial factors by design and controlling for birthweight and birth order, males remain at greater risk of infant death than their female co-twins. (lse.ac.uk)
Small for gestational age is a medical term used to describe the weightand gestational age of an infant. (babymed.com)
Just because an infant is small forgestational age doesn't mean extra care is needed or that the infantwill have long-term medical issues. (babymed.com)
When parents give birth to a small for gestational age (SGA) infant it can be a scary experience. (babymed.com)
For instance, if an infant is born at 37 weeks weighing in excess of 10 pounds, that infant is termed large for gestational age. (babymed.com)
Conclusion: Geometric analysis reveals that borderline adequate pelvimetry likely played a significant role in severe shoulder dystocia etiology, even with a smallfor- gestational-age infant. (elsevier.com)
Ruis, KA, Allen, RH & Gurewitsch, ED 2011, ' Severe shoulder dystocia with a small-for-gestational-age infant: A case report ', Journal of Reproductive Medicine , vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 178-180. (elsevier.com)
A fetus or infant that is larger or more developed than normal for the baby's gestational age. (yourvdesk.com)
Low birth weight ( LBW ) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational age . (wikipedia.org)
The best way to prevent infant RDS is to prevent premature birth, which takes place between 20 and 37 weeks of gestational age. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These skills include the ability of the infant to cough, produce audible phonation, oral motor skills, swallow skills, trunk facilitation, gestational age appropriate positioning/handling to support the emergence of gross motor skills for postural stability. (educationresourcesinc.com)

Background: This study was taken up to identify the main types of low birth weight(‎LBW)‎ for the development of weight for gestational age charts relevant to thecountry/regional level for the formulation of preventive strategies.Materials and Methods: A sample of mothers registered by Public Health Midwives(‎PHMs)‎ from two Medical Officers of Health (‎MOH)‎ areas in Colombo district werefollowed up until delivery in five selected hospitals. (who.int)
It is customary to estimate the uteroplacental function in singletons by defining appropriateness of birth weight by gestational age. (nature.com)
The human female, as any other female in the animal kingdom, demonstrates an inverse relationship between litter size and both gestational duration and birth weight. (nature.com)
Title : Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticide Metabolites with Gestational Age and Birth Weight Personal Author(s) : Rauch, Stephen A.;Braun, Joe M.;Barr, Dana Boyd;Calafat, Antonia M.;Khoury, Jane;Montesano, M. Angela;Yolton, Kimberly;Lanphear, Bruce P. (cdc.gov)
At term, mean birth weight for each gestational age of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. (biomedcentral.com)
While mean birth weight for each gestational age of first-born-children, on the other hand was significantly lower than that of later-born-children. (biomedcentral.com)
Mean birth weight was 1397 g (SD 409) and mean gestational age 30.1 w (SD 3.1). (nature.com)
Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute measurement, regardless of gestational age. (yourvdesk.com)
Background: Babies with low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) are at increased risk of many perinatal complications. (yourvdesk.com)
Parameters significantly associated with large PDAs versus no PDA at 1 month were gestational age (26 weeks vs 30 weeks, p=0.002), birth weight (860 g vs 1290 g, p=0.007) and ventilator support at 48 h (80% vs 17%, p=0.001). (bmj.com)

Objective: To investigate the outcome of pregnancies with small baby, including both small for gestational age (SGA) and late fetal growth restriction (FGR) fetuses, undergoing induction of labor (IOL) with Dinoprostone, Misoprostol or mechanical methods. (elsevier.com)

The present study is conducted to assess the relationship of placental thickness with gestational age.Methods: A total of 100 normal pregnant cases were subjected to ultrasonographic examination and gestational age was calculated by measuring biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL) by ultrasonography. (who.int)
The Brazil Ministry of Health developed a case definition for Zika virus-related microcephaly (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth). (cdc.gov)

In a random sample of pregnant women from Kilifi HDSS, Coastal Kenya with card-confirmed ANC clinic attendance, 76.6% would be reached for maternal RSV vaccination within the gestational age window of 28-32 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)

Bloomington, Minn. - A new study shows that COVID-19 vaccines do not cause preterm birth or small-for-gestational age at birth, adding to a mounting body of research that strongly suggests the preventive shots are safe for people who are pregnant. (healthpartners.com)
The adjusted rates for preterm birth and small-for-gestational age at birth were no higher among patients who were vaccinated during second and third trimesters than they were among unvaccinated patients, which suggests the vaccines are safe for pregnant women. (healthpartners.com)

AGA babies have lower rates of problems and death than babies that are small or large for their gestational age. (medlineplus.gov)
Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) refers to babies who weigh less than 9 out of 10 babies of the same sex at the same gestational age. (msdmanuals.com)
SGA babies weigh less than 90% of babies their same gestational age. (msdmanuals.com)
Otherwise, SGA babies tend to look the same as other babies the same gestational age unless their growth was severely restricted. (msdmanuals.com)
What complications do small-for-gestational-age babies have? (msdmanuals.com)
How do doctors treat babies who are small for gestational age? (msdmanuals.com)
A large for gestational age (LGA) baby can be defined as a baby that weighs more than 95 in 100 babies (the 95 th centile) or more than 4,000g to 4,500g. (yourvdesk.com)
Previous studies have shown that babies of diabetic mothers are more likely to be large for gestational age (LGA). (lenus.ie)
This retrospective study aimed to assess whether the converse may also be true, that there may also a higher rate of small for gestational age (SGA) amongst babies of mothers with GDM. (lenus.ie)
Neonatal Assessment Study that aims to develop and validate a programmatically feasible and simple approach to assess gestational age of babies after birth. (harvard.edu)

The birth size curve was used as a reference to facilitate prediction of growth, estimate the risk for small gestational age (SGA), and to identify newborns at risk that require assessment and monitoring during the neonatal period [ 3 - 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The median (interquartile range) gestational age in weeks at the first to fifth ANC attendance was 26 (21-28), 29 (26-32), 32 (28-34), 34 (32-36) and 36 (34-38), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
median age at the end of follow-up 22.5 years). (springer.com)

ANC attendance, gestational age, MOD, parity and birth order were also significant variables associated with EBF. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion: Maternal variables such as age, occupation, religion, parity, MOD, ANC attendance including spouse age and occupation significantly influence EBF of new borne. (bvsalud.org)
This retrospective study is based on data collected from medical records and A questionnaire was developed to assess the risk factors (such as: parity, age at first marriage, smoking, oral contraceptive, and Hormonal status) of cervical cancer among the participants. (bvsalud.org)

In addition to gestational age at birth, the authors looked at other perinatal and maternal characteristics. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Objective: To determine how gestational age relates to research-identified autism spectrum disorder (ASD-R) in the context of perinatal risk factors. (elsevier.com)
To explore the prognostic value of currently used clinical tests in neonatal patients over 35-week gestational age with perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). (bvsalud.org)

Placental thickness (PT) plays vital role when the menstrual age is not known. (nepjol.info)
The present study was undertaken to calculate the Placental thickness at level of insertion of umbilical cord and correlate it with gestational age and fetal weight, subsequently establishing a nomogram for Placental thickness at different age of gestations. (nepjol.info)
There is very strong correlation between placental thickness with gestational age r=0.987 and estimated fetal weight r=0.873. (nepjol.info)
Ultrasonographic measurement of Placental thickness, gestational age and estimated fetal weight play a vital role in antenatal care. (nepjol.info)

The children's BPA levels decreased from ages 1 to 3, but were higher and more variable than that of their mothers. (domain-b.com)

At 5 years corrected age cognitive outcomes was assessed with Wechslers Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised (WPPSI). (nature.com)

In Q2 2020, we can see that during the COVID-19 lockdown provisions for abortion at home, there was a notable increase in the percentage of total abortions occurring at less than 10 weeks gestational age, though this trend had started in earlier years. (wordpress.com)
There's little doubt that abortion at early gestational ages is, for most women, a safer and less traumatic procedure. (wordpress.com)
Abortion already is legal in those states through viability, which is about 24 weeks gestational age. (wsav.com)
The Abortion Care Guideline recommends against laws and other regulations that prohibit abortion based on gestational age limits. (srhr.org)

Initiative #120, sponsored by Due Date Too Late, was designed to prohibit abortions after a fetus reaches 22 weeks gestational age as calculated from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period (LMP). (ballotpedia.org)
It is common for a fetus at preterm gestational age to be lying in a breech position. (mckeenassociates.com)

A 27-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension at 29 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) and admitted for elective cesarean delivery with lumbar epidural anesthesia at 36 weeks EGA. (ahrq.gov)

However, Kenya has no documented published data on gestational age distribution of pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC), or the proportion of women attending ANC during the proposed window period for vaccination, to inform appropriate timing for delivery or estimate potential uptake of this vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
The study included 80 low-income with 35 or more years old (late-age pregnant women). (bvsalud.org)
All adult pregnant women who were under the care of the obstetric department of the Erasmus MC and who underwent routine blood testing at a gestational age of less than 15 weeks were eligible. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)

The cumulative incidence of ASD-R was 3.8% (95% CI 3.3-4.2) at 21 years of age. (elsevier.com)
The U.S. age-standardized (1960 World Population Standard) incidence rate of choriocarcinoma is about 0.18 per 100,000 women between the ages of 15 years and 49 years. (cancer.gov)
Incidence in endemic states increased among all age groups (aIR: 1.4 per 100,000) to 237 in 2011 (aIR: 3.1 per 100,000) during 1998-2011 (Figure). (cdc.gov)

In this study, published 24 October 2011, in an advance online edition of Pediatrics , lead author Joseph Braun, research fellow in environmental health at HSPH, and his colleagues found that gestational BPA exposure was associated with more behavioural problems at age 3, especially in girls. (domain-b.com)
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a schedule of age-specific well-child visits through age 21 years. (cdc.gov)

This information is useful for developing a forensic profile at any gestational age as well as providing a means to assess the probability of viability at the time of death. (astm.org)
Descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study whose objectives were to delineate sociodemographic and gestational profile, to assess the subjective well-being (SWB) and to relate the indicators of SWB with the variables age, education and income. (bvsalud.org)

We found evidence of interaction (P = 0.001) between male sex and gestational age for early neonatal death. (lse.ac.uk)

It is unknown whether the impact of teleneonatology on transfer rates is influenced by the level of neonatal care in the birth hospital (Level I well-baby nursery versus Level II special care nursery) or the gestational age (GA) of the neonate. (aap.org)

California during 1998-2001 and 2000-2007, respectively tion size and age and sex distribution over time. (cdc.gov)

A recent study in BMJ examined how PTB affects the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from childhood through middle age. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
Gestational, but not childhood BPA exposures, may impact neurobehavioral function, and girls appear to be more sensitive to BPA than boys,'' he said. (domain-b.com)

The term large for gestational age (LGA) can be confusing and scary, for some women. (babymed.com)
What Causes Baby Large for Gestational Age? (yourvdesk.com)
2 within 48 h of birth is associated with a persistent large PDA at 1 month of age. (bmj.com)
LGA: Large for gestational age. (medscape.com)

Conclusions We identified numerous CpGs differentially methylated in relation to gestational age at birth that appear to reflect fetal developmental processes across tissues. (helsinki.fi)

How does TraCer estimate gestational age? (ox.ac.uk)

Occasionally forensic fetal remains are submitted to the office of the medical examiner for age determination. (astm.org)

Follow-up of identified genes showed correlations between gestational age and DNA methylation levels in fetal brain and lung tissue, as well as correlation with expression levels. (helsinki.fi)

Anatomy25

Organisms1

Diseases63

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment80

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science8

Named Groups14

Health Care48

Geographicals5

Production of prostaglandin f2alpha and its metabolite by endometrium and yolk sac placenta in late gestation in the tammar wallaby, Macropus Eugenii. (1/9568)

Expression of trophinin, tastin, and bystin by trophoblast and endometrial cells in human placenta. (2/9568)

Delay of preterm delivery in sheep by omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturates. (3/9568)

Luteinizing hormone inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in luteal cells from rats on day 19 of pregnancy. (4/9568)

Outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital shunt lesions. (5/9568)

Expression of neurotrophins and their receptors in human bone marrow. (6/9568)

Maternal adrenocortical hormones maintain the early development of pancreatic B cells in the fetal rat. (7/9568)

Developmental changes in mucosubstances revealed by immunostaining with antimucus monoclonal antibodies and lectin staining in the epithelium lining the segment from gizzard to duodenum of the chick embryo. (8/9568)

Gestational Age

Infant, Small for Gestational Age

Infant, Newborn

Infant, Premature

Pregnancy

Birth Weight

Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Premature Birth

Pregnancy Outcome

Fetal Growth Retardation

Infant, Premature, Diseases

Infant, Low Birth Weight

Pregnancy Trimester, Second

Fetus

Pregnancy Trimester, Third

Fetal Development

Infant, Very Low Birth Weight

Obstetric Labor, Premature

Pregnancy Complications

Crown-Rump Length

Pregnancy Trimester, First

Amniotic Fluid

Intensive Care Units, Neonatal

Term Birth

Fetal Heart

Fetal Diseases

Maternal Age

Apgar Score

Retinopathy of Prematurity

Twins

Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn

Infant Mortality

Prospective Studies

Pre-Eclampsia

Umbilical Arteries

Placenta

Fetal Death

Child Development

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Intensive Care, Neonatal

Delivery, Obstetric

Stillbirth

Prenatal Diagnosis

Reference Values

Infant, Newborn, Diseases

Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight

Cohort Studies

Fetal Weight

Retrospective Studies

Risk Factors

Infant, Extremely Premature

Fetal Blood

Embryonic and Fetal Development

Fetal Macrosomia

Fetal Organ Maturity

Chorioamnionitis

Cesarean Section

Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture

Developmental Disabilities

Prenatal Care

Birth Certificates

Fetal Mortality

Body Height

Umbilical Cord

Heart Rate, Fetal

Head

Parity

Fetal Monitoring

Echoencephalography

Pregnancy Trimesters

Triplets

Congenital Abnormalities

Pregnancy, Twin

Pregnancy, Multiple

Maternal Exposure

Maternal-Fetal Exchange

Neonatal Screening

Pubic Symphysis

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Regression Analysis