Geography. Medical search

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

The area of medicine concerned with the effects on health and disease due to geographic factors such as CLIMATE, environmental conditions, and geographic location.

The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks.

The common orally transmitted traditions, myths, festivals, songs, superstitions, and stories of all peoples.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

The science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

A healthcare facility equipped to provide all but the most specialized forms of care, surgery, and diagnostic techniques.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Comprehensive planning for the physical development of the city.

The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

In evolutionary theory, overlapping geographic distribution of diverging species. In sympatric GENETIC SPECIATION, genetic diversion occurs without geographic separation.

The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.

The inhabitants of peripheral or adjacent areas of a city or town.

Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

The detection of RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS by selective PCR amplification of restriction fragments derived from genomic DNA followed by electrophoretic analysis of the amplified restriction fragments.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

Health services, public or private, in rural areas. The services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

Enumerations of populations usually recording identities of all persons in every place of residence with age or date of birth, sex, occupation, national origin, language, marital status, income, relation to head of household, information on the dwelling place, education, literacy, health-related data (e.g., permanent disability), etc. The census or "numbering of the people" is mentioned several times in the Old Testament. Among the Romans, censuses were intimately connected with the enumeration of troops before and after battle and probably a military necessity. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed; Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 4th ed, p66, p119)

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)

The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.

Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.

The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

Differences in access to or availability of medical facilities and services.

A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic areas. It often studies, for example, the usage rates for a given service or procedure in several small areas, documenting the variation among the areas. By comparing high- and low-use areas, the analysis attempts to determine whether there is a pattern to such use and to identify variables that are associated with and contribute to the variation.

The region of southwest Asia and northeastern Africa usually considered as extending from Libya on the west to Afghanistan on the east. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

A province of Canada on the Pacific coast. Its capital is Victoria. The name given in 1858 derives from the Columbia River which was named by the American captain Robert Gray for his ship Columbia which in turn was named for Columbus. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p178 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p81-2)

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by socioeconomic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

A geographic area defined and served by a health program or institution.

The status of health in urban populations.

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

All deaths reported in a given population.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.

Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XVIII-Health Insurance for the Aged, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, that provides health insurance benefits to persons over the age of 65 and others eligible for Social Security benefits. It consists of two separate but coordinated programs: hospital insurance (MEDICARE PART A) and supplementary medical insurance (MEDICARE PART B). (Hospital Administration Terminology, AHA, 2d ed and A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, US House of Representatives, 1976)

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A stratum of people with similar position and prestige; includes social stratification. Social class is measured by criteria such as education, occupation, and income.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The status of health in rural populations.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Revenues or receipts accruing from business enterprise, labor, or invested capital.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Using physical-chemistry-based substitution models in phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 subtypes. (1/6654)

HIV-1 subtype phylogeny is investigated using a previously developed computational model of natural amino acid site substitutions. This model, based on Boltzmann statistics and Metropolis kinetics, involves an order of magnitude fewer adjustable parameters than traditional substitution matrices and deals more effectively with the issue of protein site heterogeneity. When optimized for sequences of HIV-1 envelope (env) proteins from a few specific subtypes, our model is more likely to describe the evolutionary record for other subtypes than are methods using a single substitution matrix, even a matrix optimized over the same data. Pairwise distances are calculated between various probabilistic ancestral subtype sequences, and a distance matrix approach is used to find the optimal phylogenetic tree. Our results indicate that the relationships between subtypes B, C, and D and those between subtypes A and H may be closer than previously thought. (+info)

Prehistoric birds from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea: extinctions on a large Melanesian island. (2/6654)

At least 50 species of birds are represented in 241 bird bones from five late Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites on New Ireland (Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea). The bones include only two of seabirds and none of migrant shorebirds or introduced species. Of the 50 species, at least 12 (petrel, hawk, megapode, quail, four rails, cockatoo, two owls, and crow) are not part of the current avifauna and have not been recorded previously from New Ireland. Larger samples of bones undoubtedly would indicate more extirpated species and refine the chronology of extinction. Humans have lived on New Ireland for ca. 35,000 years, whereas most of the identified bones are 15,000 to 6,000 years old. It is suspected that most or all of New Ireland's avian extinction was anthropogenic, but this suspicion remains undetermined. Our data show that significant prehistoric losses of birds, which are well documented on Pacific islands more remote than New Ireland, occurred also on large, high, mostly forested islands close to New Guinea. (+info)

Ancestral origins and worldwide distribution of the PRNP 200K mutation causing familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (3/6654)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) belongs to a group of prion diseases that may be infectious, sporadic, or hereditary. The 200K point mutation in the PRNP gene is the most frequent cause of hereditary CJD, accounting for >70% of families with CJD worldwide. Prevalence of the 200K variant of familial CJD is especially high in Slovakia, Chile, and Italy, and among populations of Libyan and Tunisian Jews. To study ancestral origins of the 200K mutation-associated chromosomes, we selected microsatellite markers flanking the PRNP gene on chromosome 20p12-pter and an intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphism at the PRNP codon 129. Haplotypes were constructed for 62 CJD families originating from 11 world populations. The results show that Libyan, Tunisian, Italian, Chilean, and Spanish families share a major haplotype, suggesting that the 200K mutation may have originated from a single mutational event, perhaps in Spain, and spread to all these populations with Sephardic migrants expelled from Spain in the Middle Ages. Slovakian families and a family of Polish origin show another unique haplotype. The haplotypes in families from Germany, Sicily, Austria, and Japan are different from the Mediterranean or eastern European haplotypes. On the basis of this study, we conclude that founder effect and independent mutational events are responsible for the current geographic distribution of hereditary CJD associated with the 200K mutation. (+info)

mtDNA analysis of Nile River Valley populations: A genetic corridor or a barrier to migration? (4/6654)

To assess the extent to which the Nile River Valley has been a corridor for human migrations between Egypt and sub-Saharan Africa, we analyzed mtDNA variation in 224 individuals from various locations along the river. Sequences of the first hypervariable segment (HV1) of the mtDNA control region and a polymorphic HpaI site at position 3592 allowed us to designate each mtDNA as being of "northern" or "southern" affiliation. Proportions of northern and southern mtDNA differed significantly between Egypt, Nubia, and the southern Sudan. At slowly evolving sites within HV1, northern-mtDNA diversity was highest in Egypt and lowest in the southern Sudan, and southern-mtDNA diversity was highest in the southern Sudan and lowest in Egypt, indicating that migrations had occurred bidirectionally along the Nile River Valley. Egypt and Nubia have low and similar amounts of divergence for both mtDNA types, which is consistent with historical evidence for long-term interactions between Egypt and Nubia. Spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrates a smooth gradient of decreasing genetic similarity of mtDNA types as geographic distance between sampling localities increases, strongly suggesting gene flow along the Nile, with no evident barriers. We conclude that these migrations probably occurred within the past few hundred to few thousand years and that the migration from north to south was either earlier or lesser in the extent of gene flow than the migration from south to north. (+info)

Distribution of haplotypes from a chromosome 21 region distinguishes multiple prehistoric human migrations. (5/6654)

Despite mounting genetic evidence implicating a recent origin of modern humans, the elucidation of early migratory gene-flow episodes remains incomplete. Geographic distribution of haplotypes may show traces of ancestral migrations. However, such evolutionary signatures can be erased easily by recombination and mutational perturbations. A 565-bp chromosome 21 region near the MX1 gene, which contains nine sites frequently polymorphic in human populations, has been found. It is unaffected by recombination and recurrent mutation and thus reflects only migratory history, genetic drift, and possibly selection. Geographic distribution of contemporary haplotypes implies distinctive prehistoric human migrations: one to Oceania, one to Asia and subsequently to America, and a third one predominantly to Europe. The findings with chromosome 21 are confirmed by independent evidence from a Y chromosome phylogeny. Loci of this type will help to decipher the evolutionary history of modern humans. (+info)

High recombination rate in natural populations of Plasmodium falciparum. (6/6654)

Malaria parasites are sexually reproducing protozoa, although the extent of effective meiotic recombination in natural populations has been debated. If meiotic recombination occurs frequently, compared with point mutation and mitotic rearrangement, linkage disequilibrium between polymorphic sites is expected to decline with increasing distance along a chromosome. The rate of this decline should be proportional to the effective meiotic recombination rate in the population. Multiple polymorphic sites covering a 5-kb region of chromosome 9 (the msp1 gene) have been typed in 547 isolates from six populations in Africa to test for such a decline and estimate its rate in populations of Plasmodium falciparum. The magnitude of two-site linkage disequilibrium declines markedly with increasing molecular map distance between the sites, reaching nonsignificant levels within a map range of 0.3-1.0 kb in five of the populations and over a larger map distance in the population with lowest malaria endemicity. The rate of decline in linkage disequilibrium over molecular map distance is at least as rapid as that observed in most chromosomal regions of other sexually reproducing eukaryotes, such as humans and Drosophila. These results are consistent with the effective recombination rate expected in natural populations of P. falciparum, predicted on the basis of the underlying molecular rate of meiotic crossover and the coefficient of inbreeding caused by self-fertilization events. This is conclusive evidence to reject any hypothesis of clonality or low rate of meiotic recombination in P. falciparum populations. Moreover, the data have major implications for the design and interpretation of population genetic studies of selection on P. falciparum genes. (+info)

The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences. (7/6654)

The forces responsible for modulating the large-scale features of the genome remain one of the most difficult issues confronting evolutionary biology. Although diversity in chromosomal architecture, nucleotide composition, and genome size has been well documented, there is little understanding of either the evolutionary origins or impact of much of this variation. The 80,000-fold divergence in genome sizes among eukaryotes represents perhaps the greatest challenge for genomic holists. Although some researchers continue to characterize much variation in genome size as a mere by-product of an intragenomic selfish DNA "free-for-all" there is increasing evidence for the primacy of selection in molding genome sizes via impacts on cell size and division rates. Moreover, processes inducing quantum or doubling series variation in gametic or somatic genome sizes are common. These abrupt shifts have broad effects on phenotypic attributes at both cellular and organismal levels and may play an important role in explaining episodes of rapid-or even saltational-character state evolution. (+info)

Identification of a distinct common strain of "Norwalk-like viruses" having a global distribution. (8/6654)

"Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs) are the most common cause of outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. During molecular surveillance of NLV strains from 152 outbreaks of gastroenteritis that occurred in the US between August 1993 and July 1997, we identified an NLV strain that predominated during the 1995-1996 season. The "95/96-US" strain caused 60 outbreaks in geographically distant locations within the US and was identified, by sequence comparisons, in an additional 7 countries on 5 continents during the same period. This is the first demonstration linking a single NLV strain globally and suggests that the circulation of these strains might involve patterns of transmission not previously considered. The diagnostic techniques are now available to establish a global network for surveillance of NLV strains that would highlight the importance of NLVs worldwide and allow molecular identification of common strains having a global distribution so as to consider interventions for their control. (+info)

... geography Cultural geography Development geography Economic geography Health geography Historical geography Political geography ... geography or Demography Religion geography Social geography Transportation geography Tourism geography Urban geography Various ... Geography is often organized into three branches: human geography, physical geography, and technical geography. Geographers ... Technical geography Time geography Tobler's first law of geography Tobler's second law of geography Transportation geography ...

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Animal geographies Behavioral geography Cognitive geography Critical geography Feminist geography Marxist geography Non- ... Geography Emotional geography Geography of food Integrated geography Physical geography Political ecology Technical geography ... Subfields include: Social geography, Animal geographies, Language geography, Sexuality and space, Children's geographies, and ... Subfields include: Electoral geography, Geopolitics, Strategic geography and Military geography Population geography is the ...

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The Horrible Geography Handbook: Planet in Peril won the 2009 Blue Peter Book Award for Best Book with Facts. In 2010, Anita ... Horrible Geography is a series of children's non-fiction books written by Anita Ganeri, illustrated by Mike Phillips, and ... Horrible Geography: Odious Oceans, Violent Volcanoes and Stormy Weather won the Geographical Association Silver Award in 1999. ... It is a spin-off from the Horrible Histories series, and is designed to get children interested in geography. The Royal ...

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Quechua is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru and is between 2,300 and 3,500 m above sea level. It is composed of big valleys divided by rivers fed by estival rains. Its flora includes Andean alder, gongapa, and arracacha. People who live in this region, cultivate corn, squash, passionfruit, papaya, wheat, and peach. Notable fauna include birds like the chihuanco or white-necked thrush. Andean Continental Divide Mountain Top: Mountain passes - 4,100 m Puna grassland Andean-alpine desert Snow line - about 5,000 m Janca - Rocks, Snow and Ice Peak Climate zones by altitude Altitudinal zonation Pulgar Vidal, Javier: Geografía del Perú; Las Ocho Regiones Naturales del Perú. Edit. Universo S.A., Lima 1979. First Edition (his dissertation of 1940): Las ocho regiones naturales del Perú, Boletín del Museo de historia natural „Javier Prado", n° especial, Lima, 1941, 17, pp. 145-161. (Articles needing additional references from May 2013, All articles needing additional references, Peru ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_(geography)

... addresses the degree of complexity of this infrastructure. One of the earliest endeavors that investigated the ... Cyber geography is mapping the physical network of broadband cables. While servers, routers, cables, and other physical ... Dodge identified "electronic places" that exist behind the computer screen as part of such geography. "Space" in this case is ... "About Cyber-Geography Research". Retrieved 2014-08-29. Corn, Geoffrey; VanLandingham, Rachel; Reeves, Shane (2016). U.S. ...

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Geography journals, Publications established in 1981, All stub articles, Geography journal stubs). ... Applied Geography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published quarterly by Elsevier. The journal covers research that ... applies geographic methods to solve human problems, including human geography, physical geography, and geographical information ...

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... via creative geography and suspension of disbelief, the transition is made seamless. An extreme example of creative geography ... Creative geography is used constantly in film and television, for instance when a character walks through the front door of a ... Creative geography, or artificial landscape, is a film editing technique invented by the early Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov ... However, the assembly achieved the effect of creative geography, that is, it seemed that they were in the same place. A notable ...

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Transportation geography, Human geography, Economic geography, Urban geography). ... Transport geography or transportation geography is a branch of geography that investigates the movement and connections between ... Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography Economics Geographic mobility Human geography Journal of Transport Geography Street ... Therefore, transport geography and economic geography are largely interrelated. At the most basic level, humans move and thus ...

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Belki // Geography / Prof. A.P. Gorkin (ed.). - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006 .-- 624 p. - (Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia). - ISBN ...

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... is also a certain approach to geographical study, comparable to quantitative geography or critical geography ... Four traditions of geography, Regional geography, Area studies, History of geography). ... Regional geography is a major branch of geography. It focuses on the interaction of different cultural and natural geofactors ... The regional geography paradigm has influenced many other geographical sciences, including economic geography and geomorphology ...

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... is the subdiscipline of geography that derives from a study of cities and urban processes. Urban geographers ... Urban geography includes different other fields in geography such as the physical, social, and economic aspects of urban ... The first courses in urban geography were not taught until the 1940s (by Chauncy Harris, the father of urban geography,at ... Urban geographical research can be part of both human geography and physical geography. The two fundamental aspects of cities ...

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This field is a subset of human geography, itself a subset of the more general study of geography. It is also related to ... Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1999. Kemp G., Harkavy R. Strategic Geography and the changing ... Human geography, International security, All stub articles, Geography terminology stubs, Politics stubs). ... Strategic geography is concerned with the control of, or access to, spatial areas that affect the security and prosperity of ...

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In geography, a bight is a concave bend or curvature in a coastline, river or other geographical feature (such as a cliff), or ... geography), Bodies of water, Coastal and oceanic landforms). ...

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In geography and geodesy, a meridian is the locus connecting points of equal longitude, which is the angle (in degrees or other ... Harper's School Geography: With Maps and Illustrations. American Book Company. 1885. p. 129. Standard meridians … They are 15° ...

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... is a sub-discipline of human geography concerned with the spatial relationships found between ... The latter approach of agricultural geography is often applied within regional geography. The war in Bosnia-Herzegovia from ... Economic geography, All stub articles, Agriculture stubs, Geography stubs). ... Geography of food Agricultural sciences Spencer, J. E.; Horvath, Ronald J. (1963). "How Does an Agricultural Region Originate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_geography

In: Economic Geography, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 346-355 Jordan, T.G. 1966: On the nature of settlement geography. In: The ... Settlement geography is a branch of human geography that investigates the earth's surface's part settled by humans. According ... 26-28 Mayda, C. 1965: The Development of a Focus for the Geography of Settlement. In: Warf, B: Encyclopedia of Geography , SAGE ... DOI 10.4135/9781412939591 (Articles with GND identifiers, Settlement geography, Human geography, Urban planning). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlement_geography

A knee, or river knee, is a bend in a river changing its course greatly, suddenly to a different general direction (in an angle of around 90 degrees). It is different from most (one-off) riverbends, and from a (particular) meander which connotes one of several bends in a sinuous course, without changing the general direction. Knees navigable by large vessels or set in upland areas or arid drainage basins were similar to major confluences in that they were particularly suitable for trade and defense, and therefore gave rise to forts, governing army camps or cities. Many major world rivers have such a notable knee close to major settled places: the Rhine knee in Basel, Switzerland is the river's greatest knee - others are in German cities Wiesbaden and Bingen the Danube knee in Vác, Hungary (35 km north of Budapest) the Volga knee at Volgograd, Russia the upper Rhône knee at Martigny, Switzerland the Petitcodiac knee at Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada, locally known as Le Coude The Irawaddy knee ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_(geography)

In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_(geography)

In addition, behavioral geography is an ideology/approach in human geography that makes use of the methods and assumptions of ... Behavioral geography is an approach to human geography that examines human behavior by separating it into different parts. ... using Actor-Network Theory Cognitive geography Norton, William (22 September 2001). "Initiating an affair: human geography and ... Behavioral geography is the branch of human science which deals with the study of cognitive processes with its response to its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_geography

Hartinger later adapted his novel into a play, Geography Club. Huffington Pictures' Geography Club was filmed in June 2012 with ... Geography Club is a 2003 young adult novel by American author Brent Hartinger. It is the first book in The Russel Middlebrook ... The Geography Club resumes meeting this time seeking more open membership as an official club. After a showdown with the ... Brian wants to join the Geography Club but Kevin and Russel vote against this. Min wanted to let him join and is angry with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_Club

Das, Raju J (March 2022). "What is Marxist geography today, or what is left of Marxist geography?". Human Geography. 15 (1): 33 ... Marxist geography is a strand of critical geography that uses the theories and philosophy of Marxism to examine the spatial ... In Marxist geography, the relations that geography has traditionally analyzed - natural environment and spatial relations - are ... Social metabolism Peet, J. Richard (1985). "An Introduction to Marxist Geography". Journal of Geography. 84 (1): 5-10. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxist_geography

The revival of geography and military geography as a sub-discipline is a remarkable trend since 2000 with a number of key ... Military geography is a sub-field of geography that is used by the military, as well as academics and politicians, to ... Outlines of Military Geography. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press (1899) O'Sullivan, Patrick M. The Geography of War in ... Military Geography: From Peace to War. Boston: McGraw-Hill (2005). Peltier, Louis C. Bibliography of Military Geography. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_geography

A bajada consists of a series of coalescing alluvial fans along a mountain front. These fan-shaped deposits form by the deposition of sediment within a stream onto flat land at the base of a mountain. The usage of the term in landscape description or geomorphology derives from the Spanish word bajada, generally having the sense of "descent" or "inclination". When a stream flows downhill, it picks up sediment along with other materials. As this stream emerges from a mountain front, the sediment carried begins to be deposited, such that coarser sediment is deposited closest to the base and the finer sediment grades outwards and deposits in a fan-shape away from the mountain face. The sediment is transported across a pediment into a closed basin where the bajadas grade back into a pediment, making the boundary difficult to distinguish. Bajadas frequently contain playa lakes. Bajadas are common in dry climates (e.g., the Southwestern US) where flash floods deposit sediment over time, although they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajada_(geography)

Geography may also refer to: Geography (Front 242 album) Geography (Tom Misch album) "Geography", a song by Macintosh Plus from ... Look up geography in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Geography is the study of Earth and its features, inhabitants, and ... a word chain game played on cities Outline of geography Geographical (magazine) Geographer, one who practices geography Geology ... a lost 3-volume work by Eratosthenes Geography (Ptolemy), Ptolemy's main work besides the Almagest Geography (Strabo), Strabo's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_(disambiguation)

19-. ISBN 978-3-8258-1387-1. v t e (Geographic taxonomies, Regions, All stub articles, Geography terminology stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoregion_(geography)

... is a branch of geography which refers to the standard of living and its quality of life of its human ... Stephen Planet Geography 3rd Edition (2005) Page 97 J. Sachs, A. Mellinger and J. Gallup (2001) "The Geography of Poverty and ... Geography can also affect economic development in a number of ways. Analysis of current data sets show three significant ... In development geography, geographers study spatial patterns in development. They try to find by what characteristics they can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_geography

... is a subfield of the nature-society/human-environment branch of geography as well as a part of the larger, ... Animals, ethics, and geography, in: Wolch, J., Emel, J. (Eds.), Animal Geographies. Verso, London and New York, pp. 280-297. ... Animals, Geography, and the City: Notes on Inclusions and Exclusions, in: Wolch, J., Emel, J. (Eds.), Animal Geographies: Place ... Animal Geographies. In Oxford Bibliographies in Geography, edited by B. Warf. New York: Oxford University Press. Whatmore, S., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_geography

... is an interdisciplinary study of cognitive science and geography. It aims to understand how humans view ... Cognitive geography and behavioral geography draw from early behaviorist works such as Tolman's concepts of "cognitive maps". ... Montello, Daniel R. (2009). "Cognitive geography." pp. 160-166 in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography 2. Montello, ... Examples of early works on Cognitive Geography include Tolman's "Cognitive maps in rats and men" compared the behavior of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_geography

"Swallowing Geography". SOLO. Retrieved 16 March 2019. "Swallowing Geography". Penguin Books. Retrieved 15 March 2019. v t e ( ... Swallowing Geography is a novel by Deborah Levy, published in 1993 by Jonathan Cape. It was rereleased by Penguin Essentials in ... Miller, Lucasta (30 January 1993). "BOOK REVIEW / On the road with a doll: Swallowing Geography - Deborah Levy: Jonathan Cape, ... Clark, Alex (29 March 2014). "Deborah Levy: Beautiful Mutants, Swallowing Geography, The Unloved". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowing_Geography

Planet Geography, 3rd Edition, 2006, Chapter 8 Glossary of terms used in coastal geography Coastal science terms and ... incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography ( ... Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, ... Geography portal Oceans portal Beach erosion and accretion Beach evolution Beach nourishment Modern recession of beaches Raised ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography

This article appeared in the Business section of the print edition under the headline "Geology or geography?" ...

https://www.economist.com/business/2011/08/27/geology-or-geography?fsrc=nlw%7Cwwb%7C08-25-11%7Cbusiness_this_week

The Nations Report Card: Geography 2001. Description:. This report presents the results of the 2001 assessment in geography ... Student performance is reported in terms of average scale scores on the NAEP geography scale and by the percentages of students ... The report presents information on contexts for learning geography, including classroom practices and students use of ...

https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2002484

Geography is a vital source for ancient geography and informative about ancient geographers. ... stresses the value of geography, and draws attention to the physical, political, and historical details of separate countries. ... In his seventeen-book Geography, Strabo (c. 64 BCE-c. 25 CE) discusses geographical method, ... Geography, Volume II. Books 3-5. Strabo. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones. ...

https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674990562

Human Geography. Currently limited to: subject cultural_studies Cultural Studies x 2 of 4 titles in Human Geography Note: ... 2 of 4 titles in Human Geography Note: selecting an item from the following dropdown will result in the page reloading with ...

https://www.press.umich.edu/browse/bisac/social_science/human_geography?subject=cultural_studies

Introduction: Teaching energy geographies. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 40(1): 31-38. ... in geography from the University of North Carolina. He also has a Masters degree in Geography from East Carolina University, a ... Journal of Geography in Higher Education 40(1): 67-76.. Harrison, C. 2016. The American South: Electric and Race in Rocky Mount ... Social and Cultural Geography. 16(8): 950-973.. Harrison, C. 2013. Accomplished by means which are indefensible: Electric ...

https://sc.edu/study/colleges_schools/artsandsciences/geography/our_people/our_people_directory/harrison_conor.php

Spiral Landforms and Geography Anagram Puzzle Worksheet #3: Solve the landforms anagram clues and put the words in the spiral ... Spiral Landforms and Geography Anagram Puzzle #3. Solve the landforms anagram clues and put the words in the spiral puzzle. An ... This is a thumbnail of the "Spiral Landforms and Geography Anagram Puzzle Worksheet #3" page. For each word, write a landforms ...

https://www.enchantedlearning.com/english/anagram/write/spiral/landforms3/

Visitors to Sussex can view details on how to get to Sussex and you can also view University of Sussex campus maps.. For other information relating to the University, see the main University of Sussex web site.. ...

http://www.sussex.ac.uk/geography/people

Geography is often organized into three branches: human geography, physical geography, and technical geography.[14][1] ... Main article: Physical geography. Physical geography (or physiography) focuses on geography as an Earth science.[36][37][38] It ... Four traditions of geography. Main page: Category:Four traditions of geography. Geography is an extremely broad field. Because ... Branches of geography. Main page: Category:Branches of geography. Research and careers in geography today are highly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography

2001 - 2023 Flash Card Machine, LLC ...

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... geography.htm. Tennessee Geography and Maps __ You will find a collection of resources related to Tennessee geography. - From ... Category:Geography of Tennessee __ A gallery of photos and other images related to Tennessee geography along with links to ... Category:Geography of Tennessee __ Index of Wikipedia articles related to the geography of Tennessee. - From wikipedia - http ... Tennessee Geography: Tennessee Regions and Landforms __ Find an overview of Tennessee geography, topography, geographic land ...

https://www.archaeolink.com/tennessee_geography.htm

US Geography. Kids love these interactive worksheets for West Virginia studies. Worksheets can be used in multiple lessons. ... Elementary Teacher Reproducibles for West Virginia - US Geography Home , U.S.A. States , West Virginia , Printables and ...

http://www.apples4theteacher.com/usa-states/west-virginia/printables/

The geography score for eighth-graders at the 10th and 25th percentiles were higher in 2010 than in 1994 and the score at the ... Read more information on how to interpret NAEP geography results, including how each student group is defined. Read more about ...

https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/geography_2010/g8_nat.aspx?subtab_id=Tab_1&tab_id=tab3

... Guyana is located in the northeast corner of South America, latitude 1-9 and 57-61 West, north of the ...

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/caribbean/gy-geography.htm

Anthropology Archaeology Cultural Studies Economics Geography Political Science Psychology Sociology View all ... Social Science - Geography Games in this category have been viewed 1962 times! ...

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Geography provides a basis for comprehending and managing many of the issues facing New Zealand and the world - environmental ... geography@otago.ac.nz. More information link. View more information about GEOG 495 Teaching staff. Supervisor: Each student ... For further information please contact geography@otago.ac.nz. Paper Structure. Guided by a supervisor, students will prepare a ... Postgraduate seminars run by the School of Geography are relevant to the research process and are designed with GEOG 495 ...

https://www.otago.ac.nz/geography/study/papers/index.html?papercode=geog495

Brush up on your geography and finally learn what countries are in Eastern Europe with our maps. ... Not sure about the geography of the middle east? Weve got you covered with our map collection. ... answered every question correctly to win the 21st annual Geography Bee in May 2009. Two other contestants also boasted a ...

https://www.infoplease.com/us/geography/2009-geography-bee

... and what jobs you can do with a geography degree. ... Thinking about studying geography? Find out why you should ... What is geography? As a geography student, youll study the world and how humans interact with it. Its largely a science, but ... Geography course entry requirements A qualification in geography will definitely help your application for further study, but ... If youre interested in studying geography, there are two routes to choose from:. *Physical geography: The study of the earth ...

https://www.ucas.com/explore/subjects/geography

Publications https://www.uni-giessen.de/en/faculties/f07/departments/geography/sections/physical/staff/kolb-en/publications ...

https://www.uni-giessen.de/en/faculties/f07/departments/geography/sections/physical/staff/kolb-en/publications

We are very excited to announce that Anne Bonds, Associate Professor of Geography, has received the 2022 AAG E. Willard and ... A recent episode of Curious Campus features Anne Bonds, associate professor of geography, and Derek Handley, assistant ...

https://uwm.edu/geography/category/news/

Historical Geography is a study of concepts and methods in historical geography. The field concerned with geographies of the ... Geography in Action I is the first half of a two semester linked course, built around geography-related issues that integrate ... Geography in Action II is the second half of a two semester linked course, built around geography-related issues that integrate ... Cultural Geography is an introduction to the study of culture in geography, emphasizing both the history of the field from ...

https://www.mun.ca/regoff/calendar/sectionNo=ARTS-6145

Geography (MS) Academics Graduate Catalog 2022-2023 Degrees and Programs Geography (MS) ...

https://www.siue.edu/academics/graduate/degrees-and-programs/geography/faculty.shtml

Data by Population-Based Geographies. Some data sets have too few cases to show on a map at finer resolution geo-political ... Population-based geographies are useful to see trends based on populations for many environmental, community, and health data, ... Special Geographies Developed by Recipients. CDCs Tracking Program provides funding to state and local health departments to ... Explore available data on CDCs Data Explorer using population-based geographies:. * *Populations and Vulnerability * ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/tracking/topics/geographies.htm

Home Geography & Travel Countries of the World Algeria Algeria summary. Actions Cite verifiedCite ... Know about the geography, economy, and history of Algeria. Cite verifiedCite ...

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Algeria

This course is compulsory for any students completing a single Honours degree in Geography and for any joint Honours student ...

https://www.abdn.ac.uk/registry/courses/undergraduate/2023/geography/gg4023

A new series of full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 A/AS Level Geography specification. , Ann Bowen, Andy Day, ... This enhanced digital resource covers all core and optional units for the AQA A/AS Level Geography specification for first ... Covers all units of the new AQA A/AS Level Geography specification and assessment objectives, and has been written specifically ... A new series of full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 A/AS Level Geography specification. ...

https://www.cambridge.org/gq/education/subject/humanities/geography/level-geography/a-as-level-geography-aqa-cambridge-elevate-enhanced-edition-1-year-school-site-licence-cambridge-elevate-enhanced-edition-2-years-cambridge-elevate-enhanced-edition-1-year?format=57&isbn=9781316609897

Geography; ပထဝီ; ပထဝီ‌; ᓄᓇᐅᔪᖅ; Nunaujuq; geográfia; földrajz; ጅዎግራፊ; መልክዐ፡ምድር; መልክዐ ምድር; geografie; Портал:Географий; Geography ... Geography; Kijiografia; Cruinne-eòlas; Eòlas Cruinne; Geography; Eòlas-Cruinne; 地理; ciència geogràfica; 地理學; Geògrafia; ... Geography; Jagah; земљопис; географија; zemljopis; ಭೂಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ; geografia; 地理; Geography; الجغرافيا; الجغرافية; سولت سانت ماري ... New Geography; גיאוגראפית; גיאוגרפי; גיאוגרפיה; גאוגרפי; Geography; Geographus; Geographiae; Geographie; भौगोलिक; कन्न्ड भाषा; ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Extremadura

The Geography of Remote Work Lukas Althoff, Fabian Eckert, Sharat Ganapati & Conor Walsh ... "The geography of remote work," Regional Science and Urban Economics, . citation courtesy of ...

https://www.nber.org/papers/w29181?utm_campaign=ntwh&utm_medium=email&utm_source=ntwg12

Organizations that promote science and geography lessons want to help students hone "21st Century Skills." ... Science, Geography, and 21st-Century Skills. By Sean Cavanagh. - June 30, 2009 1 min read ... Should teachers be nurturing these skills in science and geography lessons? And are these documents going about it in the right ... movement is making a push into the world of science and geography, with two organizations that support teaching in those ...

https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/science-geography-and-21st-century-skills/2009/06

Simon Fraser University respectfully acknowledges the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw (Squamish), səl̓ilw̓ətaʔɬ (Tsleil-Waututh), q̓íc̓əy̓ (Katzie), kʷikʷəƛ̓əm (Kwikwetlem), Qayqayt, Kwantlen, Semiahmoo and Tsawwassen peoples on whose unceded traditional territories our three campuses reside.. Terms & Conditions© Simon Fraser

http://www.sfu.ca/geography.html

2016. Introduction: Teaching energy geographies. (sc.edu)
A new series of full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 A/AS Level Geography specification. (cambridge.org)
This enhanced digital resource covers all core and optional units for the AQA A/AS Level Geography specification for first teaching from 2016. (cambridge.org)
Geography 2016 data hadling grade 12 and memo. (equilibrium.biz)
Highest quality prelim question papers available for SQA Geography courses 2016 - 2017. (equilibrium.biz)

Geology or geography? (economist.com)
This article appeared in the Business section of the print edition under the headline "Geology or geography? (economist.com)
A) Explain the relationship between Geography and geology (2 marks). (equilibrium.biz)

covers issues and ideas in economic geography. (mun.ca)
First, the Competitive Cities study is an application of the World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography , which provided a framework for how institutions, infrastructure, and policy interventions can shape development. (worldbank.org)
Our books and journals on economic geography examine the social science aspects of geography. (springer.com)
Our book series Economic Geography or the scientific journal GeoJournal are particularly recommendable. (springer.com)
America's economic geography has long been shaped by the interplay of pull and push forces. (city-journal.org)

This course is an alternative to GEOG 113 - World Regional Geography: People, Places and Globalization. (macalester.edu)

We are very excited to announce that Anne Bonds, Associate Professor of Geography, has received the 2022 AAG E. Willard and Ruby S. Miller Award from the American Association of Geographers! (uwm.edu)
Professor Emmeritus of Geography Dee R. Eberhart, passed on May 22, 2022. (cwu.edu)
https://www.thoughtco.com/overview-of-cultural-geography-1434495 (accessed November 27, 2022). (thoughtco.com)

[5] Because space and place affect a variety of topics, such as economics, health, climate , plants, and animals, geography is highly interdisciplinary. (wikipedia.org)
Tennessee Geography __ 'Information about Tennessee state geography, topography, and climate. (archaeolink.com)
Access Tennessee almanac furnishing more details on the state geography, climate and weather, elevation, land area, bordering states, and other statistical data. (archaeolink.com)
Whether you want to help prevent climate change and natural disasters, or improve quality of life and overpopulation, a geography degree will equip you to make a difference in the world. (ucas.com)
In addition to dealing with the five spheres that correspond to the geo-factors climate, water, soil, rocks and vegetation, physical geography also strives for a holistic view of the geosphere. (springer.com)
Explore concepts of economics and human geography - from globalisation, consumerism and sustainability, to the handling of epidemics and political and economic responses to climate change - with our BSc Geography and Economics (Regional Science) degree. (reading.ac.uk)
Our Master´s programme in Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science offers a deeper knowledge in working with advanced technical information and complex issues within the area of environmental and climate change. (lu.se)
Christopher Uejio] C. gattii prefers to live in specific ecological areas, and the climate and geography of Vancouver Island may provide just the right conditions for C. gattii to thrive. (cdc.gov)

Postgraduate seminars run by the School of Geography are relevant to the research process and are designed with GEOG 495 students in mind. (otago.ac.nz)
Geography courses are designated by GEOG. (mun.ca)
Students can also earn credit equivalent to GEOG 111 or GEOG 113 by scoring a 4 or 5 on the Advanced Placement Exam in Human Geography. (macalester.edu)

in the United States of America, the term historical geography has a more specialized meaning: the name given by Carl Ortwin Sauer of the University of California, Berkeley to his program of reorganizing cultural geography (some say all geography) along regional lines, beginning in the first decades of the 20th century. (wikipedia.org)

This report presents the results of the 2001 assessment in geography from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. (ed.gov)
Accommodations were not permitted in the NAEP geography assessment prior to 2001 at grade 8. (nationsreportcard.gov)

Student performance is reported in terms of average scale scores on the NAEP geography scale and by the percentages of students who attained the achievement levels set by the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). (ed.gov)
Read more information on how to interpret NAEP geography results , including how each student group is defined. (nationsreportcard.gov)
The NAEP geography scale at grade 8 ranges from 0 to 500 (although student performance typically ranges from 220 to 300, representing the 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively). (nationsreportcard.gov)
NOTE: In 2018, the digitally based NAEP geography assessment was administered for the first time. (nationsreportcard.gov)
The NAEP geography scale ranges from 0 to 500. (nationsreportcard.gov)
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), various years, 1994â€"2018 Geography Assessments. (nationsreportcard.gov)

Normally taken by students in the papers year for a Master's degree in Geography by papers and thesis. (otago.ac.nz)

[5] Technical geography involves studying and developing the tools and techniques used by geographers, such as remote sensing , cartography, and geographic information system . (wikipedia.org)

If you choose "United States" as your option under Geography, all US census tracts, or counties, are ranked against one another. (cdc.gov)

A sequel to his historical memoirs, Geography is planned apparently for public servants rather than students-hence the accounts of physical features and of natural products. (harvard.edu)
[3] [4] Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical sciences . (wikipedia.org)
human geography , physical geography , and technical geography . (wikipedia.org)
[13] The difference between these approaches led to the development of integrated geography , which combines physical and human geography and concerns the interactions between the environment and humans. (wikipedia.org)
If you're studying physical geography, a science qualification could support your application. (ucas.com)
Cultural geography is one of the two major branches of geography (versus physical geography ) and is often called human geography. (thoughtco.com)
In addition, his work and the cultural geography of today is highly qualitative rather than quantitative - a main tenant of physical geography. (thoughtco.com)
Springer offers you authoritative literature on physical and human geography, including landscape and urban planning, GIS, remote sensing and much more. (springer.com)
Springer's books and journals on physical geography focus on the Earth's atmosphere, i.e. the geosphere. (springer.com)
Our publications include the book series Geography of the Physical Environment and World Geomorphological Landscapes . (springer.com)
Satellite Tour of Louisiana (Interpretations and Descriptions of Physical and Cultural Geography of 37 Landsat images of Louisiana. (lsu.edu)
In the first year of your degree programme you will participate in a residential fieldcourse in the UK as part of your introduction to field-based research methods in human and physical geography. (lboro.ac.uk)
She has been a visiting researcher at Aarhus University in Denmark, previously a Lecturer in Physical Geography at Newcastle University and is currently a Student Support Administrator for Queen Mary University of London. (cam.ac.uk)
Geography is the study of the earth's physical features and the living things, humans, animals, and plants that inhabit the planet. (isd518.net)

Conor Harrison joined the Department of Geography and the Environment and Sustainability Program in 2014 after receiving his Ph.D. in geography from the University of North Carolina. (sc.edu)
The seminars are run by different members of the Department of Geography and are compulsory for GEOG495 students. (otago.ac.nz)
Students and alumni of our department founded this organization in 2005, initializing a formal alumni association for UNA geography graduates. (una.edu)
This interdisciplinary, three-year degree, led by experts from the Department of Geography and Environmental Science and the Department of Economics , examines issues that dominate the news and shape the world in which we live. (reading.ac.uk)
The Geography of the Gold Standard ," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers 233393, University of California-Berkeley, Department of Economics. (repec.org)
The Department of Geography encourages students to study abroad while at UCLA. (ucla.edu)
For Study Abroad courses from non-Geography departments and courses outside of the Department, there will be a maximum of 2 upper division courses that can transfer to the majors and a maximum of 1 upper division course that can transfer to the minor. (ucla.edu)
The Geography Department will allow 2 upper division courses from the Wildlands Studies program to count towards the Geography major/minor or Geography/Environmental Studies major/minor (within the Environmental Studies cluster) if the program is at least 6 weeks. (ucla.edu)
Canadian journal of tropical geography (CJTG) is an open access, peer-reviewed and refereed journal published by geography department of Laurentian. (equilibrium.biz)
Dr. Uejio is an assistant professor in the department of Geography and Program in Public Health at Florida State University. (cdc.gov)

Category:Geography of Tennessee __ A gallery of photos and other images related to Tennessee geography along with links to additional resources. (archaeolink.com)
Category:Geography of Tennessee __ Index of Wikipedia articles related to the geography of Tennessee. (archaeolink.com)

Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time. (wikipedia.org)
Although the majority of work in historical geography is considered human geography , the field also encompasses studies of geographic change which are not primarily anthropogenic . (wikipedia.org)
Historical geography is often a major component of school and university curricula in geography and social studies . (wikipedia.org)
Current research in historical geography is being performed by scholars in more than forty countries. (wikipedia.org)
Historical geography seeks to determine how cultural features of various societies across the planet emerged and evolved by understanding their interaction with their local environment and surroundings. (wikipedia.org)
In its early days, historical geography was difficult to define as a subject. (wikipedia.org)
Historical Geography 43 (2015). (wikipedia.org)
partly an atlas of historical geography, partly an atlas illustrating historical events and trends. (wikipedia.org)
Are you looking for Historical Geography courses? (hotcoursesabroad.com)

The report presents information on contexts for learning geography, including classroom practices and students' use of computers. (ed.gov)
Using the integrative skills of geographical analysis, the course prepares students for advanced study in geography and citizenship in the modern world. (mun.ca)
This course is compulsory for any students completing a single Honours degree in Geography and for any joint Honours student who has not registered to complete a dissertation in their other Honours subject. (abdn.ac.uk)
The Geography Club is the service and social society for geography students. (cwu.edu)
Our publications appeal to geography students and teachers as well as to scientists and industry professionals. (springer.com)
Fieldcourses are a vital part of geography and we offer an exciting range of destinations for all our undergraduate students. (lboro.ac.uk)
In comparison to 1994, geography scores declined in 2018 for higher-performing students at the 75th and 90th percentiles. (nationsreportcard.gov)
The 2018 geography report includes results from students who took the digitally based assessment (DBA) and students who took the paper-based assessment (PBA). (nationsreportcard.gov)
Geography Courses students have previously taken abroad. (ucla.edu)
In this course students will gain an understanding of what geography is and why it is important to study it. (isd518.net)

the 2018 average score was not statistically different in comparison to the first geography assessment in 1994. (nationsreportcard.gov)
In 1994, the mean of the geography scale was set at 250 and the standard deviation at 50. (nationsreportcard.gov)

The 21st- century skills movement is making a push into the world of science and geography, with two organizations that support teaching in those subjects unveiling curriculum "maps" aimed at blending academic content knowledge in those subjects with practical skills. (edweek.org)
Topic page for geography content. (visitwales.com)

In 2018, overall geography scores were lower at both the 10th and 25th percentiles compared to 2014. (nationsreportcard.gov)

A recent episode of Curious Campus features Anne Bonds, associate professor of geography, and Derek Handley, assistant professor of English, discussing their project, "Mapping Racism and Resistance in Milwaukee County. (uwm.edu)

The School of Geography has hosted a Working Paper series since 1971. (equilibrium.biz)
Transformations: Economy, Society and Place research cluster at the School of Geography. (equilibrium.biz)

Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/overview-of-cultural-geography-1434495 Briney, Amanda. (thoughtco.com)

As a geography student, you'll study the world and how humans interact with it. (ucas.com)
This is generally the focus of the "Man-Land Tradition" in the Four Traditions of geography and studies human impact on nature, the impact of nature on humans, and people's perception of the environment. (thoughtco.com)

Covers all units of the new AQA A/AS Level Geography specification and assessment objectives, and has been written specifically for the new linear qualification. (cambridge.org)

Lifepac 6th Grade History and Geography Unit 2 Worktext SampleNeed a payment plan? (nestlearning.com)

Our books and journals on urban geography explore the densification of spatially effective activities and social processes in cities. (springer.com)
Teaching and learning world geography is an opportunity to explore the diversity of our world and to bring us closer to an understanding of other people and their ways of life. (homeschoolinginalaska.com)

Geography is considered one of the broadest subject areas. (ucas.com)

She did her undergraduate in BSc (Hons) Geography and Natural Hazards at Coventry University, MSc Volcanology and Geological Hazards at Lancaster University and PhD in Earth Science at the University of Hull. (cam.ac.uk)

He also has a Masters degree in Geography from East Carolina University, a BA in Political Science from Colgate University, and has work experience in supply chain management and consumer product distribution. (sc.edu)
Why study geography at university? (ucas.com)
Cultural geography developed out of the University of California, Berkeley and was led by Carl Sauer . (thoughtco.com)
University Revision Papers · Kisii Kcse 2015 Geography Paper 2 Past Paper. (equilibrium.biz)
We can write your exam papers, a level, essays, research papers on geography for university and college. (equilibrium.biz)

A qualification in geography will definitely help your application for further study, but it's not always a requirement. (ucas.com)

Additional data on medically attended visits for ILI for current and past seasons and by geography (national, HHS region, or select states) are available on FluView Interactive http://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/fluview/fluportaldashboard.html . (cdc.gov)

In Luque, A and Silver, J. Energy, Power and Protest on the Urban Grid: Geographies of the Electric City. (sc.edu)
Today, cultural geography is still practiced and more specialized fields within it such as feminist geography, children's geography, tourism studies, urban geography , the geography of sexuality and space, and political geography have developed to further aid in the study of cultural practices and human activities as they relate spatially to the world. (thoughtco.com)

[1] Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities -not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. (wikipedia.org)
For human geography degrees, subjects like politics and sociology will help. (ucas.com)
This course examines the basic concepts and processes that shape human geography. (macalester.edu)
This sub-branch of human geography is closely related to history , environmental history , and historical ecology . (wikipedia.org)
Extensive Unexplored Human Microbiome Diversity Revealed by Over 150,000 Genomes from Metagenomes Spanning Age, Geography, and Lifestyle. (bvsalud.org)

The geography curriculum is taught in response to enquiry questions which are aimed to be challenging, and encourage active learning. (hants.sch.uk)

Social and Cultural Geography. (sc.edu)
Cultural geography is the study of the many cultural aspects found throughout the world and how they relate to the spaces and places where they originate and then travel as people continually move across various areas. (thoughtco.com)
What Is Cultural Geography? (thoughtco.com)
Some of the main cultural phenomena studied in cultural geography include language, religion, different economic and governmental structures, art, music, and other cultural aspects that explain how and/or why people function as they do in the areas in which they live. (thoughtco.com)
Our Springer publications on cultural geography examine the interaction between man/society and landscape/environment. (springer.com)

One of the most popular aspects of our BSc Geography and Economics (Regional Science) course is its field classes. (reading.ac.uk)

For something to exist in the realm of geography, it must be able to be described spatially. (wikipedia.org)

This is a thumbnail of the "Spiral Landforms and Geography Anagram Puzzle Worksheet #3" page. (enchantedlearning.com)
Tennessee Geography: Tennessee Regions and Landforms __ 'Find an overview of Tennessee geography, topography, geographic land area, and major rivers. (archaeolink.com)

While geography is specific to Earth, many concepts can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science . (wikipedia.org)
In a word, Geography is a Science-a thing not of mere names but of argument and reason, of cause and effect. (wikipedia.org)
Should teachers be nurturing these skills in science and geography lessons? (edweek.org)
The Scholarship examination in Geography (Science, Earth. (equilibrium.biz)

Geography has higher aims than this: it seeks to classify phenomena (alike of the natural and of the political world, in so far as it treats of the latter), to compare, to generalize, to ascend from effects to causes, and, in doing so, to trace out the laws of nature and to mark their influences upon man. (wikipedia.org)
Just as all phenomena exist in time and thus have a history, they also exist in space and have a geography. (wikipedia.org)

These factors may have led in turn to the 1950s crisis in geography , which raised serious questions about geography as an academic discipline in the USA. (wikipedia.org)

Tennessee Geography and Maps __ You will find a collection of resources related to Tennessee geography. (archaeolink.com)
For more information on how the Tracking Program created the population-based geographies, see the Resources section. (cdc.gov)

Read specific descriptions of what eighth-graders should know and be able to do at the Basic , Proficient , and Advanced geography achievement levels . (nationsreportcard.gov)

Do I need to study abroad for a geography degree? (ucas.com)
For Study Abroad courses taken in Geography departments and approved by UC Education Abroad (UC EAP), the number of upper division courses that a student can transfer is 5 for majors and 2 for minors. (ucla.edu)

And Answer Electrician Machinist O. Geography papers - Compose a timed custom dissertation with our help and make your professors startled Proposals, essays and research. (equilibrium.biz)
Research Papers Geography.Please write my paper me.Commentaire Au Dissertation. (equilibrium.biz)
Help With Gcse Geography Coursework.College essays.Help With Introduction Paragraph For Research Paper.Custom college essay services. (equilibrium.biz)
Research within librarian-selected research topics on Geography from the Questia. (equilibrium.biz)

The key geography knowledge and skills, that children acquire and develop throughout each block, have been mapped to ensure progression between year groups. (hants.sch.uk)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Geographic eponyms: A history of geography in medicine. (who.int)
Background: Studies of spatial patterns of cancer mortality rate and its variation by socio-demographic and health care access factors of the geography are essential to inform understanding and improve health outcomes to reduce geographic disparities. (cdc.gov)

A tentative list of upcoming Geography course offerings can be found at www.mun.ca/hss/courses.php . (mun.ca)
Talk to the Geography Student Affairs Officer to see which courses will transfer to the major/minor. (ucla.edu)

To visualize these data sets in a meaningful way, the Tracking Network has developed population-based geographies. (cdc.gov)
Population-based geographies are useful to see trends based on populations for many environmental, community, and health data, especially in areas where there are high or low populations in counties. (cdc.gov)
CDC's Tracking Program is currently working with The National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) to create indicators for cancer prevalence that will utilize the Tracking Program's population-based geographies. (cdc.gov)
CDC is working to display asthma and heart attack data using population-based geographies. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes26

Disciplines and Occupations9

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science12

Named Groups7

Health Care57

Geographicals20

Using physical-chemistry-based substitution models in phylogenetic analyses of HIV-1 subtypes. (1/6654)

Prehistoric birds from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea: extinctions on a large Melanesian island. (2/6654)

Ancestral origins and worldwide distribution of the PRNP 200K mutation causing familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (3/6654)

mtDNA analysis of Nile River Valley populations: A genetic corridor or a barrier to migration? (4/6654)

Distribution of haplotypes from a chromosome 21 region distinguishes multiple prehistoric human migrations. (5/6654)

High recombination rate in natural populations of Plasmodium falciparum. (6/6654)

The modulation of DNA content: proximate causes and ultimate consequences. (7/6654)

Identification of a distinct common strain of "Norwalk-like viruses" having a global distribution. (8/6654)

Geography

Geography, Medical

Topography, Medical

Folklore

Genetics, Population

Phylogeography

Linguistics

South America

Geographic Information Systems

Residence Characteristics

Secondary Care Centers

Genetic Variation

Phylogeny

Demography

City Planning

Emigration and Immigration

Climate

Sympatry

Genetic Speciation

Suburban Population

Spatial Analysis

Ecology

United States

Socioeconomic Factors

Geology

Europe

Principal Component Analysis

Chromosomes, Human, Y

Ecosystem

Haplotypes

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis

Biodiversity

Rural Health Services

Brazil

Health Services Accessibility

Censuses

Microsatellite Repeats

DNA, Mitochondrial

Asia

Gene Flow

Continental Population Groups

Urbanization

Healthcare Disparities

Ethnic Groups

Urban Population

Biological Evolution

Small-Area Analysis

Middle East

British Columbia

Cluster Analysis

Africa

Rural Population

Oregon

Oceans and Seas

Language

Species Specificity

Bayes Theorem

Health Status Disparities

European Continental Ancestry Group

Commerce

Environment

Catchment Area (Health)

Urban Health

Mexico

History, 20th Century

Poisson Distribution

North America

Population Density

Wales

California

England

Ontario

Evolution, Molecular

Mortality

Sex Factors

Conservation of Natural Resources

Medicare

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Social Class

World Health