Clostridium perfringens: The most common etiologic agent of GAS GANGRENE. It is differentiable into several distinct types based on the distribution of twelve different toxins.Clostridium: A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.Gram-Positive Bacteria: Bacteria which retain the crystal violet stain when treated by Gram's method.Gram-Negative Bacteria: Bacteria which lose crystal violet stain but are stained pink when treated by Gram's method.Bacteria, AnaerobicBacteria: One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.Clostridium Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM.Clostridium thermocellum: A species of gram-positive, thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria in the family Clostridaceae. It degrades and ferments CELLOBIOSE and CELLULOSE to ETHANOL in the CELLULOSOME.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Anti-Infective Agents: Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.Clostridium acetobutylicum: A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, used for the industrial production of SOLVENTS.Microbial Sensitivity Tests: Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Clostridium difficile: A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Botulinum Toxins: Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Gas Gangrene: A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.Enterotoxemia: Disease caused by the liberation of exotoxins of CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS in the intestines of sheep, goats, cattle, foals, and piglets. Type B enterotoxemia in lambs is lamb dysentery; type C enterotoxemia in mature sheep produces "struck", and in calves, lambs and piglets it produces hemorrhagic enterotoxemia; type D enterotoxemia in sheep and goats is pulpy-kidney disease or overeating disease.Anaerobiosis: The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Bacterial Toxins: Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.Enterotoxins: Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.Fermentation: Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.Bacteria, AerobicGram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria: A large group of anaerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the Gram-staining method.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Fusobacterium: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections.Clostridium botulinum: A species of anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae that produces proteins with characteristic neurotoxicity. It is the etiologic agent of BOTULISM in humans, wild fowl, HORSES; and CATTLE. Seven subtypes (sometimes called antigenic types, or strains) exist, each producing a different botulinum toxin (BOTULINUM TOXINS). The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature.Spores, Bacterial: Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Foodborne Diseases: Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.Bacteroides: A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Peptostreptococcus: A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of humans. Its organisms are opportunistic pathogens causing bacteremias and soft tissue infections.Peptococcus: A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic, coccoid bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the mouth, upper respiratory tract, and large intestine in humans. Its organisms cause infections of soft tissues and bacteremias.Eubacterium: A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of man and animals, animal and plant products, infections of soft tissue, and soil. Some species may be pathogenic. No endospores are produced. The genus Eubacterium should not be confused with EUBACTERIA, one of the three domains of life.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Enteritis: Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Bacterial Infections: Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.Clostridium tetani: The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.DNA, Ribosomal: DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections: Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.Colony Count, Microbial: Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.Phytochemicals: A broad range of biologically active compounds which occur naturally in plants having important medicinal and nutritional properties.Peptococcaceae: A family of bacteria found in the mouth and intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals as well as in the human female urogenital tract. Its organisms are also found in soil and on cereal grains.Bacteroides fragilis: Gram-negative bacteria occurring in the lower intestinal tracts of man and other animals. It is the most common species of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human soft tissue infections.Food Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.Claudin-4: A claudin subtype that takes part in maintaining the barrier-forming property of TIGHT JUNCTIONS. Claudin-4 is found associated with CLAUDIN-8 in the KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT where it may play a role in paracellular chloride ion reabsorption.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Toxins, Biological: Specific, characterizable, poisonous chemicals, often PROTEINS, with specific biological properties, including immunogenicity, produced by microbes, higher plants (PLANTS, TOXIC), or ANIMALS.Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous: An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.Anacardiaceae: The sumac plant family in the order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are tropical and subtropical trees, shrubs, and woody vines that have resin ducts in the bark. The sap of many of the species is irritating to the skin.Bacteroidaceae: A family of gram-negative bacteria found primarily in the intestinal tracts and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Its organisms are sometimes pathogenic.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Type C Phospholipases: A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.Claudin-3: A ubiquitously-expressed claudin subtype that acts as a general barrier-forming protein in TIGHT JUNCTIONS. Elevated expression of claudin-3 is found in a variety of tumor cell types, suggesting its role as a therapeutic target for specific ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.Spores: The reproductive elements of lower organisms, such as BACTERIA; FUNGI; and cryptogamic plants.Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections: Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.ADP Ribose Transferases: Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Transfer of ADP-ribose to water (i.e., hydrolysis) is catalyzed by the NADASES. The mono(ADP-ribose)transferases transfer a single ADP-ribose. POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES transfer multiple units of ADP-ribose to protein targets, building POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE in linear or branched chains.RNA, Bacterial: Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
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PathogenicSpeciesStrainsCausativeTetaniDifficileGangrenePathogensButyricumInfectionsBacilliSpore-forming bPathogenStaphylococcusClostridiaceaeAnaerobesEscherichiaBacteremiaClostridialPhylumMicroorganismsCocciToxins producedCenters for DiseasSordelliiNegative bacteriaCommonlyAntimicrobialTaxonomyStreptococcusGastrointestinalFound in soilABSTRACTCorynebacteriumProteusUbiquitousTissuePseudomonasObligately anaerobicFacultative anaerobicSpiroformeAcetobutylicumAerobic and anaerobic blood culturesWidelyBacterial generaClostridioformeDifferent clostridiaReport of Clostridium lavalenseVeillon and ZuberEnteritisObligate anaerobic
Pathogenic1
- This cluster includes other pathogenic Clostridium species such as Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens . (wikipedia.org)
Species3
- C. tetani falls within the genus Clostridium , a broad group of over 150 species of Gram-positive bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Within Clostridium , C. tetani falls within a cluster of nearly 100 species that are more closely related to each other than they are to any other genus. (wikipedia.org)
- Other Clostridium species can be divided into a number of genetically related groups, many of which are more closely related to members of other genera than they are to C. tetani . (wikipedia.org)
Strains1
- strains of bacteria lacking the plasmid are unable to produce toxin. (wikipedia.org)
Causative1
- Clostridium tetani is a common soil bacterium and the causative agent of tetanus . (wikipedia.org)
Tetani4
- A diagram of C. tetani showing the bacterium alone, with a spore being produced, and the spore alone. (wikipedia.org)
- C. tetani is a rod-shaped Gram-positive bacterium, typically up to 0.5 micrometers wide and 2.5 micrometers long. (wikipedia.org)
- The closest relative to C. tetani is Clostridium cochlearium . (wikipedia.org)
- Examples of this include the human pathogen Clostridium difficile which is more closely related to members of genus Peptostreptococcus than to C. tetani . (wikipedia.org)
Difficile32
- C. perfringens is similar to another gastrointestinal-disease-causing pathogen, C. difficile . (kenyon.edu)
- Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including Cleocin HCl and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. (drugs.com)
- Species such as Clostridium difficile, Clostridium botulinum , and Clostridium perfringens are pathogenic and/or have important medical applications. (google.com)
- Some of these bacteria, such as C. botulinum , C. difficile , C. perfringens , and C. spiroforme , cause enteric problems in animals as well as humans. (frontiersin.org)
- C. botulinum , C. difficile , C. perfringens , as well as C. spiroforme are collectively associated with a multitude of animal and human diseases/intoxications such as gas gangrene, food poisoning, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, and enterotoxemia. (frontiersin.org)
- Among the human pathogens are the causative agents of botulism ( Clostridium botulinum ), tetanus ( C. tetani ), gas gangrene ( C. perfringens ), and an antibiotic-associated enterocolitis ( C. difficile ). (thefreedictionary.com)
- The most commonly encountered, clinically important clostridia include Clostridium perfringens , C. clostridioforme , C. ramosum , C. butyricum , C. innocuum , C. septicum , C. tertium , and C. difficile ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- Hospital-onset, healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have increased in frequency over the past decade. (netce.com)
- The Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) will be highlighted. (netce.com)
- This course is designed for physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and allied health professionals in all settings, especially direct care, who may intervene to prevent or appropriately treat Clostridium difficile infections in their patients. (netce.com)
- This alternative approach stems from the fact that in the clinical setting the use of broad spectrum antimicrobials has lead to the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens and the observation that the disruption of the colonic microbiota through administration of broad spectrum antibiotic treatment predisposes susceptible individuals to infection by the nosocomial pathogen Clostridium difficile , . (plos.org)
- Interestingly thuricin CD kills a wide range of clinical C. difficile ribotypes commonly associated with Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea (CDAD) including the hypervirulent strain B1/NAP1/027 . (plos.org)
- Prophages are encoded in most genomes of sequenced Clostridium difficile strains. (asm.org)
- Subsequent PCR analysis of 16 clinical C. difficile ribotypes showed that 15 of them are myovirus positive, and 2 of them are also siphovirus positive. (asm.org)
- Not content with just having Clostridium difficile ( C. diff ) in the family, they also have C. botulinum (botulism), C. perfringens (gas gangrene), and, more relevant to this post, C. tetani . (stemlynsblog.org)
- Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antimicrobial and health care-associated diarrhea in humans, presenting a significant burden to global health care systems. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- C. difficile is taxonomically distinct from many other well-known clostridia, with a diverse population structure comprising hundreds of strain types spread across at least 6 phylogenetic clades. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Also, treatment of humans with antimicrobials that disrupt the normal microbiota can allow germination and growth of pathogens such as Clostridium ( Clostridioides ) difficile ( 9 - 11 ). (asm.org)
- Clostridium difficile is an emergent pathogen, and the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea. (prolekare.cz)
- Clostridial histiotoxic syndromes are mediated by toxins and include soft tissue infections such as gas gangrene (caused by C. perfringens ), enteric diseases such as clostridial food poisoning, enteritis necroticans, antibiotic associated colitis (caused by C. difficile ), discussed elsewhere, and neutropenic enterocolitis (caused by C. septicum ) and neurological syndromes such as tetanus and botulism (both discussed elsewhere). (antimicrobe.org)
- Experimental infection of conventional neonatal pigs with Clostridium difficile: A new model. (aasv.org)
- To reproduce Clostridium difficile -associated disease (CDAD) using conventional pigs as an animal model. (aasv.org)
- At approximately 4 hours of age, 13 pigs randomly assigned to treatment groups were each orogastrically inoculated with one of two different swine-origin Clostridium difficile field isolates, and six control pigs were sham-inoculated. (aasv.org)
- Reproducir la enfermedad asociada a Clostridium difficile (CDAD por sus siglas en inglés) utilizando cerdos convencionales como un modelo animal. (aasv.org)
- Aproximadamente a las 4 horas de edad, 13 cerdos, asignados al azar a grupos de tratamiento fueron inoculados de manera orogástrica con uno de dos diferentes aislados de campo de Clostridium difficile de origen porcino, y seis cerdos fueron asignados a un grupo control. (aasv.org)
- El modelo descrito puede adaptarse a estudios in vivo de cepas de C difficile de origen humano y terapias propuestas para uso en medicina humana. (aasv.org)
- Reproduire la maladie associée à Clostridium difficile (CDAD) en utilisant des porcs conventionnels comme modèle animal. (aasv.org)
- Examples of this include the human pathogen Clostridium difficile which is more closely related to members of genus Peptostreptococcus than to C. tetani . (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Clostridium represents a heterogeneous group of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria, comprising prominent toxin-producing species, such as C. difficile , C. botulinum , C. tetani and C. perfringens . (caister.com)
- BotR and TetR are related to other clostridial sigma factors, TcdR and UviA, which are involved in the control of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B, and Clostridium perfringens bacteriocin, respectively. (caister.com)
- These toxins include Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, Clostridium difficile toxin (CDT), Clostridium perfringens iota (ι) toxin, and Clostridium spiroforme toxin (CST). (caister.com)
- The cst locus is present on all pCS1 subtypes, and homologous loci were identified on toxin-encoding plasmids from Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum and also carried within genomes of Clostridium difficile isolates, indicating that it is a widespread clostridial conjugation locus. (asm.org)
Gangrene23
- The toxin in gas gangrene is α-toxin which inserts into the plasma membrane of cells disrupting normal cellular function C. perfringens. (redorbit.com)
- Infections due to C. perfringens show evidence of tissue necrosis, bacteremia, emphysematous cholecystitis, and gas gangrene, which is also known as clostridial myonecrosis. (abcam.com)
- Clostridium bifermen´tans a species common in feces, sewage, and soil and associated with gas gangrene. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Clostridium no´vyi an important cause of gas gangrene. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Members including C.botulinium, C. perfringens, and C.septicum are spore forming and the cause of botulism and gas gangrene respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Strains of Clostridium perfringens are a frequent cause of food-borne disease and gas gangrene and are also associated with necrotic enteritis in chickens. (asm.org)
- Although C. perfringens is an inhabitant of human normal intestinal flora, it is a pathogen responsible for many gastrointestinal illnesses with severity ranging from mild enterotoxaemia to fatal gas gangrene . (kenyon.edu)
- Several common diseases associated with C. perfringens are food-poisoning, gas gangrene, and many veterinary diseases. (kenyon.edu)
- Clostridial Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene): A rare but extremely fatal disease that results from the infection of muscle tissue by exotoxin producing Clostridium bacteria Footnote 5 . (canada.ca)
- The genomes of both ''Clostridium'' ''tetani'', the etiological agent of tetanus, and ''Clostridium'' ''perfringens'', the etiological agent of gas gangrene have been sequenced. (kenyon.edu)
- The genome contains, as would be expected, the typical anaerobic fermentation enzymes leading to gas production (one of the characteristics of gas gangrene, the disease it causes), but no enzymes for the tricarboxylic acid cycle of respiratory chain. (kenyon.edu)
- Clostridium'' ''tetani'' is the etiological agent of tetanus, ''Clostridium'' ''botulinum'' is the etiological agent of botulism, and ''Clostridium'' ''perfringens'' is one of the etiological agent of gas gangrene. (kenyon.edu)
- C. perfringens is a food borne pathogen, being the causative agent of pig-bel syndrome and gas gangrene. (fpnotebook.com)
- C. perfringens infection causes gas gangrene gangrene, local death of body tissue. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Gas gangrene and clostridial myonecrosis are interchangeable terms used to describe an infection of muscle tissue by toxin-producing clostridia. (medscape.com)
- C perfringens is the most common etiologic agent that causes gas gangrene. (medscape.com)
- Other common clostridial species that cause gas gangrene include Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium fallax, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium tertium . (medscape.com)
- Other bacteria are also capable of producing gas, and nonclostridial organisms have been isolated in 60-85% cases of gas gangrene. (medscape.com)
- A recent clinical series on gas gangrene demonstrated a predominance (83.3%) of aerobic gram-negative bacilli in wound cultures compared with anaerobic gram-positive bacilli, with Clostridium species accounting for 4.5% of the isolates. (medscape.com)
- All types produce the alpha toxin (phospholipase C). Type A strains that cause gas gangrene produce alpha toxin, theta (hemolysin), kappa (collagenase), mu (hyaluronidase), nu (DNAse) and neuraminidase which are all the enzymatic factors aiding the bacterium in invading and destruction of the host tissues. (up.ac.za)
- Clostridium Perfringens is involved in gangrene processes. (probioticsgazette.com)
- Clostridium perfringens is the most common bacterial agent for gas gangrene , which is necrosis, putrefaction of tissues, and gas production. (wikidoc.org)
- The disease syndromes caused by C. perfringens are food poisoning, necrotizing enteritis, and gas gangrene. (antimicrobe.org)
Pathogens9
- The genus clostridium comprises nearly 100 species, sub- divided into a majority of nonpathogenic species, 25 to 30 minor pathogens and around 13 classical major pathogens. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Shigella is gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogens. (blindscustomerservices.com)
- Prebiotics can be utilized preferentially by beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria species [ 4 , 6 - 8 ], which leads to the production of lactic acid and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) both of which can be inhibitory to pathogens [ 3 , 9 - 12 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- The Clostridium genus does contain a few human pathogens and, interestingly enough, these strains are responsible for producing some of the most toxic substances known to medical science. (probioticsgazette.com)
- C16:1Δ6 showed selective antibacterial activity against human microbial pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens (one of the most common causes of food poisoning) and Streptococcus mutans (one of the tooth-decaying bacteria), as well as Staphylococcus aureus. (scirp.org)
- Later, this method was modified and named pasteurization, and used to kill mainly vegetative pathogens and many spoilage bacteria. (slideserve.com)
- A biological event provides for the presence of at least two actors: one or more pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or toxins) and a vehicle for their dissemination. (torvergata.it)
- At a time of growing antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the resulting restrictions on the use of antibiotics, bacteriophages can provide an alternative means of eliminating pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although the CDCs appear to be restricted to Gram-positive bacterial pathogens it has recently been shown that the unusual protein fold of their membrane-penetrating domain is present in proteins of the eukaryotic complement membrane attack complex. (caister.com)
Butyricum7
- The type species is Clostridium butyricum . (thefreedictionary.com)
- The bacterium was initially identified as Clostridium butyricum using anaerobic manual identification panel. (hindawi.com)
- Of special note is Clostridium Butyricum which is highly beneficial to health mainly through its capacity to produce Butyrate. (probioticsgazette.com)
- Let's take a closer look at some of the potential benefits of consuming Clostridium Butyricum. (probioticsgazette.com)
- For example, Clostridium Butyricum strain MIYAIRI 588, or CBM588, promotes a regulatory generation of T-cells in the intestinal tract. (probioticsgazette.com)
- Clostridium Butyricum has been shown to prevent acute colitis and also improve fatty liver disease when not induced by alcoholism. (probioticsgazette.com)
- The ingestion of Clostridium Butyricum CBM588 has been proven to be an effective treatment of diarrheal diseases caused by antibiotic therapies, especially in children. (probioticsgazette.com)
Infections23
- C. perfringens is commonly encountered in infections as a benign component of the normal flora. (abcam.com)
- C. perfringens can participate in polymicrobial anaerobic infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Clostridium ramo´sum a species found in human and animal infections and feces and commonly isolated from clinical specimens. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Clostridium ter´tium a species found in feces, sewage, and soil and present in some gangrenous infections. (thefreedictionary.com)
- To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Cleocin HCl and other antibacterial drugs, Cleocin HCl should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (drugs.com)
- Moxifloxacin tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Most cases of scarlet fever begin as infections of the respiratory tract, followed by spread of the bacteria to the blood. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic, endospore-forming bacterium causing gastrointestinal and histotoxic infections in humans and animals ( 2 , 6 , 9 , 17 ). (asm.org)
- Even subclinical C. perfringens infections in broiler flocks may be responsible for an impaired production performance ( 39 ). (asm.org)
- It may cause bacteremia (the presence of bacteria in blood), abdominal and pelvic infections, urinary tract infections, oral infections (particularly with root canals), and septicemia (blood poisoning). (blindscustomerservices.com)
- This chapter on pathology and pathogenesis of bacterial infections summarizes the different types and mechanisms of pathology caused by bacteria once they cross mucosal or cutaneous barriers, and either multiply in extracellular spaces or take up residence within host cells. (asmscience.org)
- The blood and abscess isolates did not may be involved in a wide variety of human infections or grow aerobically, although anaerobic growth on brucella illnesses. (cdc.gov)
- Bacterial infections of the oropharynx can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus sp. (blogspot.com)
- Consequently, many infections involving oral cavity structures as well as the pharyngeal spaces involve anaerobic bacteria. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
- Anaerobic infections can also be found as a complication of neurosurgical procedures. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
- It is also indicated for the following infections caused by penicillin-sensitive microorganisms: Generalised infections, septicaemia and pyaemia from susceptible bacteria. (drugs.com)
- Clostridia are also often isolated from polymicrobial intraabdominal, biliary, pleuropulmonary, central nervous system, genitourinary and skin and soft tissue infections ( 5 ). (antimicrobe.org)
- The role of clostridia in the pathogenesis of polmicrobial infections is unclear ( 28 , 29 ). (antimicrobe.org)
- Clostridium perfringens infections in neonates are extremely rare. (bvsalud.org)
- The occurence of Clostridium perfringens is a major problem for the poultry industry, with some estimates suggesting colonization of as many as 95% of chickens, resulting in clinical or subclinical infections. (biomedcentral.com)
- The progressive increase in the number of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the complete ban on the use of antibiotics in livestock feed in the EU, as well as the partial ban in the US, have led to the growth of research on the use of bacteriophages to combat bacterial infections in humans and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
- Generic Cleocin is a high-quality medication which is taken in treatment of serious infections caused by certain bacteria. (medsbypost365.bid)
- Generic Cleocin is a perfect remedy in struggle against serious infections caused by certain bacteria. (medsbypost365.bid)
Bacilli4
- are Gram-negative bacilli which are occasionally isolated from the faeces of normal and diarrhoeic dogs and cats. (cynologist.com)
- Large, Gram-positive bacilli were sometimes abundant in sections and mucosal smears of the intestine. (scielo.org.za)
- Photomicrograph of gram-positive Clostridium perfringens bacilli. (wikidoc.org)
- Several proteins from Gram-positive, spore-forming bacilli use a synergistic binary mechanism for intoxicating eukaryotic cells. (caister.com)
Spore-forming b3
- Clostridium perfringens (formerly known as C. welchii) is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium of the genus Clostridium. (redorbit.com)
- Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium that is capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases in both humans and animals ( 19 , 33 ). (asm.org)
- Background Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium widely distributed in soil and mud. (barnardhealth.us)
Pathogen6
- C. perfringens is a pathogen whose primary targets are human and animals. (kenyon.edu)
- C. perfringens is a human pathogen sometimes, and other times it can be ingested and not cause any harm. (violinet.org)
- Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances - Clostridium spp. (canada.ca)
- 5. A harmful bacterium control agent according to claim 1, wherein the harmful bacterium is a pathogen causing an infectious disease. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 6. A harmful bacterium control agent according to claim 5, wherein the pathogen is a pathogen belonging to a gram-negative bacterium. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria that is an important pathogen in both humans and animals. (cynologist.com)
Staphylococcus1
- C16:1Δ6 seemed to possess a "species-selective" antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Clostridium. (scirp.org)
Clostridiaceae1
- Clostridium is a genus of gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria belonging to the family Clostridiaceae. (canada.ca)
Anaerobes2
- Description and Significance== Clostridia are, spore-forming, Gram-positive, anaerobes (although some species are microaerophilic). (kenyon.edu)
- Clostridia are obligate anaerobes, but some species are relatively aerotolerant. (medscape.com)
Escherichia2
- The most frequently identified aerobic gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli , Proteus species , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Klebsiella pneumoniae . (medscape.com)
- Total coliforms, Escherichia coli ( E coli ), fecal streptococci, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ), and bifidobacteria have all been suggested to be key fecal indicator microorganisms [ 4 ]. (ajas.info)
Bacteremia4
- Bacteremia and sepsis caused by Clostridium cadaveris have been implicated following orthopedic procedures,in patients undergoing oncological treatment, and in cases of necrotic decubitus. (wikipedia.org)
- We describe a 27-year-old man with acute cholecystitis, hepatic abscess, and bacteremia caused by Clostridium hathewayi , a newly described gram-negative, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. (cdc.gov)
- We describe a 27-year-old man with acute cholecysti- large fluid collection in the right lobe of the liver, with tis, hepatic abscess, and bacteremia caused by Clostridium multiple adjacent smaller satellite fluid collections. (cdc.gov)
- We highlight two cases of C. perfringens bacteremia associated with fulminant septic shock in neonates with severe necrotizing enterocolitis. (bvsalud.org)
Clostridial5
- The most common cause of clostridial myonecrosis is C. perfringens Footnote 9 . (canada.ca)
- Approximately 70% of clostridial myonecrosis cases result from traumatic injury, and of these, about 80% are due to C. perfringens Footnote 10 . (canada.ca)
- Similarly, there are large numbers of clostridial species, the majority of which can cause human diseases if introduced to traumatized tissue, for example, Clostridium perfringens ( 7 , 8 ). (asm.org)
- Clostridial refers to bacteria from the genus Clostridium. (avsequinehospital.com)
- The CDCs are found in a wide variety of clostridial species, but are also found in many species from other Gram-positive genera. (caister.com)
Phylum2
- A species of anaerobic, Gram positive, rod shaped bacteria assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria. (fpnotebook.com)
- Thermales is an order of bacteria belonging to the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum. (theinfolist.com)
Microorganisms3
- In this study, the Ipil-ipil seed extract is expected to inhibit the various microorganisms namely Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella. (blindscustomerservices.com)
- Some additional technical definitions relevant to the disclosure include "antimicrobial" which is a term used to describe an agent able of inhibiting the growth of a wide class of microorganisms including bacterias, fungus, molds, viruses or yeast. (justia.com)
- It has been seen that a variety of microorganisms (lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and other fungi) are involved in this fermentation, but also aerobic bacteria such as B. subtilis . (wordpress.com)
Cocci3
- Staphylococci are Gram‐positive cocci occurring in clusters. (cliffsnotes.com)
- Enterococci is Gram-positive cocci. (blindscustomerservices.com)
- are gram-positive anaerobic cocci, are carbohydrate fermenters and can grow in an acid environment (as low as pH 1.0). (askjpc.org)
Toxins produced2
- This review particularly focuses upon different aspects of the iota and C2 families of binary toxins produced by four different clostridia. (frontiersin.org)
- The toxins produced by Clostridium species are very powerful and complications can arise that rapidly lead to death. (avsequinehospital.com)
Centers for Diseas1
- The surveillance reports of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ranked C. perfringens as one of most common causes of food-borne disease in the United States ( 5 , 51 ). (asm.org)
Sordellii1
- Moderate amounts of phenyllactic acid may be due to gastrointestinal overgrowth of the intestine of the following Clostridia bacteria: C. sordellii, C. stricklandii, C. mangenoti, C. ghoni, and C. bifermentans. (greatplainslaboratory.com)
Negative bacteria4
- and other Gram negative bacteria. (blogspot.com)
- The bacterial outer membrane is found in gram-negative bacteria. (theinfolist.com)
- Its composition is distinct from that of the inner cytoplasmic cell membrane - among other things, the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of many gram-negative bacteria includes a complex lipopolysaccharide whose lipid portion acts as an endotoxin - and in some bacteria such as E. coli it is linked to the cell's peptidoglycan by Braun's lipoprotein. (theinfolist.com)
- Remarkably, distant relatives of AT have been found in species of Gram-negative bacteria as well as certain species of mushrooms and the enterolobin tree seed. (caister.com)
Commonly6
- Ecology== Clostridia are commonly found in the environment. (kenyon.edu)
- C. perfringens is commonly found on raw meat and poultry. (blindscustomerservices.com)
- The most commonly encountered, clini- ly stained gram negative. (cdc.gov)
- Riboswitches are cis -acting elements commonly involved in the control of vitamin, amino acid, and nucleotide base biosynthesis gene expression in bacteria. (prolekare.cz)
- Clostridia are gram-positive, spore forming, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the environment. (avsequinehospital.com)
- Lactic acid bacteria, especially the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , both considered as GRAS (Generally recognized as safe), are the microbes most commonly used as probiotics, but other bacteria and some yeasts can also be useful. (wordpress.com)
Antimicrobial2
- Eravacycline (TP-434 or 7-fluoro-9-pyrrolidinoacetamido-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline) is a novel fluorocycline that was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against panels of recently isolated aerobic and anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. (asm.org)
- Glycerol monolaurate is a broadly antimicrobial fatty acid monoester, killing bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses. (asm.org)
Taxonomy1
- List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. (theinfolist.com)
Streptococcus1
- Streptococcus pyogenes, a Gram‐positive bacterium occurring in encapsulated chains. (cliffsnotes.com)
Gastrointestinal6
- Clostridium cadaveris normally colonizes in the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
- To detect and quantify the levels of C. perfringens in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, a quantitative real-time PCR assay utilizing a fluorogenic, hydrolysis-type probe was developed and utilized to assay material retrieved from the broiler chicken cecum and ileum. (asm.org)
- Here, we report the development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay utilizing a fluorogenic, hydrolysis-type (5′ nuclease) probe to detect and quantify 16S rDNA sequences unique to C. perfringens retrieved from broiler chicken gastrointestinal contents. (asm.org)
- The bacterium can be found in many different habitats, such as the normal flora of human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and environment, such as sewage and soil . (kenyon.edu)
- Doses of up to 2 grams of clindamycin per day for 14 days have been well tolerated by healthy volunteers, except that the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects is greater with the higher doses. (drugs.com)
- Prebiotics include nondigestible carbohydrate dietary additives and other biological components that stimulate the growth of one or more types of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract that are beneficial to the host. (omicsonline.org)
Found in soil1
- Most members of the Clostridia class are found in soil where they actively participate in saprotrophic nutrition by breaking down decomposing matter into its constituent parts. (probioticsgazette.com)
ABSTRACT1
- Abstract Clostridium species are anaerobic, spore, forming gram-positive bacteria that are widely spread in the environment. (bvsalud.org)
Corynebacterium1
- 10. The genetically engineered host cell of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the genetically engineered host cell belongs to the genus Corynebacterium. (sumobrain.com)
Proteus3
- The test can also be used to differentiate genera of gelatinase-producing bacteria such Serratia and Proteus from other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. (microbesinfo.com)
- Proteus vulgaris is an aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium. (blindscustomerservices.com)
- Will the Ipil-ipil seed extract be able to inhibit Trichophyton Mentagrophyte, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris and Clostridium perfringens? (blindscustomerservices.com)
Ubiquitous1
- It is a ubiquitous bacterium associated with several exotoxin-mediated clinical diseases. (antimicrobe.org)
Tissue5
- Tissue/ cell preparation of Clostridium perfringens Type A 1+2+3+4+5 (heat inactivated). (abcam.com)
- The action of C. perfringens on dead bodies is known to mortuary workers as tissue gas and can be halted only by embalming. (wikipedia.org)
- They germinate and grow in the dead, anaerobic tissue of a wound, putrefying the proteins and fermenting the carbohydrates to produce gas. (cliffsnotes.com)
- A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. (fpnotebook.com)
- Bacteria colonising rectal tissue were characterised using chemotaxonomic techniques. (bmj.com)
Pseudomonas2
- GML alone is active against most Gram-positive bacteria, such as streptococci and staphylococci, but the molecule is completely inactive against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , due to the presence of the intact lipopolysaccharide ( 13 , 16 ). (asm.org)
- Bacteriophage 8P was isolated with a Pseudomonas stutzeri strain isolated from an oil reservoir as its host bacterium. (bvsalud.org)
Obligately anaerobic1
- This gram positive obligately anaerobic sporeforming bacteria is the cause of one type of bovine enterotoxemia in feedlot cattle that usually results in sudden death. (brainscape.com)
Facultative anaerobic2
- B cereus is not only a gram positive, spore forming, aerobic bacteria but is also known to have some facultative anaerobic characteristics. (writingscentre.com)
- Enterococcus species are facultative anaerobic living beings. (blindscustomerservices.com)
Spiroforme3
- Long chains of linked Clostridium spiroforme produce the coiled shape. (twycrosszoo.org)
- It is similar to Clostridium spiroforme but its ability to ferment galactose differentiates it from this species. (twycrosszoo.org)
- However, Clostridium spiroforme is usually absent. (twycrosszoo.org)
Acetobutylicum1
- Clostridium acetobutylicum is used commercially as a biochemical tool to produce industrial alcohols such as acetone, ethanol, and butanol. (probioticsgazette.com)
Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures2
- Two sets of BacT/Alert FAN (bioMerieux Inc., Durham, NC) aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were drawn, after which the patient received empiric intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam therapy. (cdc.gov)
- Four sets of aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were collected on two consecutive days. (hindawi.com)
Widely2
- Pathology== There are three species of clostridia that cause widely recognized and often-deadly diseases. (kenyon.edu)
- Some bacteria are widely used in the preparation of foods, chemicals, and antibiotics. (academicroom.com)
Bacterial genera1
- Conjugation between bacterial genera and species and also interkingdom conjugation (bacteria to yeast and bacteria to plants [ 6 )]) have been shown to occur. (asm.org)
Clostridioforme1
- Lactobacilli and Clostridium clostridioforme were more resistant with MIC ranging from 15 to 50 mM. (biomedcentral.com)
Different clostridia1
- At least three different clostridia are apparent. (slideplayer.com)
Report of Clostridium lavalense1
- This is the first report of Clostridium lavalense isolation from human blood cultures. (hindawi.com)
Veillon and Zuber1
- 2002Erysipelotrichaceae 2 Clostridium ramosum (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. (theinfolist.com)
Enteritis3
- Birds having necrotic enteritis harbor higher concentration but lower diversity C. perfringens populations than those in healthy birds, confirming previous findings. (biomin.net)
- The assay was utilized to rapidly detect and quantify C. perfringens levels in the gut tract of broiler chickens reared without supplementary growth-promoting antibiotics that manifested symptoms of necrotic enteritis. (asm.org)
- C. perfringens type A is being increasingly recognized as a cause of necrotizing enteritis in chickens. (blindscustomerservices.com)
Obligate anaerobic1
- a genus of gram-positive, obligate anaerobic or microaerophilic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria. (thefreedictionary.com)