Genome. Medical search

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

The genetic complement of MITOCHONDRIA as represented in their DNA.

The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.

The amount of DNA (or RNA) in one copy of a genome.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The genetic complement of an archaeal organism (ARCHAEA) as represented in its DNA.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The genetic complement of an insect (INSECTS) as represented in its DNA.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The complete genetic complement contained in a set of CHROMOSOMES in a protozoan.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

The genetic complement of CHLOROPLASTS as represented in their DNA.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

The genetic complement of a helminth (HELMINTHS) as represented in its DNA.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

The genetic complement of PLASTIDS as represented in their DNA.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.

A coordinated effort of researchers to map (CHROMOSOME MAPPING) and sequence (SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA) the human GENOME.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Overlapping of cloned or sequenced DNA to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or genome.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Databases containing information about NUCLEIC ACIDS such as BASE SEQUENCE; SNPS; NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATION; and other properties. Information about the DNA fragments kept in a GENE LIBRARY or GENOMIC LIBRARY is often maintained in DNA databases.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.

Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.

Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

An increased tendency of the GENOME to acquire MUTATIONS when various processes involved in maintaining and replicating the genome are dysfunctional.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

The genetic complement of a microorganism as represented in its DNA or in some microorganisms its RNA.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The parts of a GENOME sequence that are involved with the different functions or properties of genomes as a whole as opposed to those of individual GENES.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

Genomes of temperate BACTERIOPHAGES integrated into the DNA of their bacterial host cell. The prophages can be duplicated for many cell generations until some stimulus induces its activation and virulence.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A mutation named with the blend of insertion and deletion. It refers to a length difference between two ALLELES where it is unknowable if the difference was originally caused by a SEQUENCE INSERTION or by a SEQUENCE DELETION. If the number of nucleotides in the insertion/deletion is not divisible by three, and it occurs in a protein coding region, it is also a FRAMESHIFT MUTATION.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Genes that are located on the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chromosomally.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

The small RNA molecules, 73-80 nucleotides long, that function during translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) to align AMINO ACIDS at the RIBOSOMES in a sequence determined by the mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). There are about 30 different transfer RNAs. Each recognizes a specific CODON set on the mRNA through its own ANTICODON and as aminoacyl tRNAs (RNA, TRANSFER, AMINO ACYL), each carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to add to the elongating peptide chains.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Copies of transposable elements interspersed throughout the genome, some of which are still active and often referred to as "jumping genes". There are two classes of interspersed repetitive elements. Class I elements (or RETROELEMENTS - such as retrotransposons, retroviruses, LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS) transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Class II elements (or DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS - such as transposons, Tn elements, insertion sequence elements and mobile gene cassettes of bacterial integrons) transpose directly from one site in the DNA to another.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Copies of nucleic acid sequence that are arranged in opposing orientation. They may lie adjacent to each other (tandem) or be separated by some sequence that is not part of the repeat (hyphenated). They may be true palindromic repeats, i.e. read the same backwards as forward, or complementary which reads as the base complement in the opposite orientation. Complementary inverted repeats have the potential to form hairpin loop or stem-loop structures which results in cruciform structures (such as CRUCIFORM DNA) when the complementary inverted repeats occur in double stranded regions.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.

Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA; (LYSOGENY); to form a PROPHAGE or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a PROVIRUS.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KEFIR milk product.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. The primate Alu (ALU ELEMENTS) and the rodent B1 SINEs are derived from 7SL RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle. Most other SINEs are derived from tRNAs including the MIRs (mammalian-wide interspersed repeats).

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

Low-copy (2-50) repetitive DNA elements that are highly homologous and range in size from 1000 to 400,000 base pairs.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.

Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.

A nucleic acid sequence that contains an above average number of GUANINE and CYTOSINE bases.

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Highly repeated sequences, 6K-8K base pairs in length, which contain RNA polymerase II promoters. They also have an open reading frame that is related to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruses but they do not contain LTRs (long terminal repeats). Copies of the LINE 1 (L1) family form about 15% of the human genome. The jockey elements of Drosophila are LINEs.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.

Two identical genes showing the same phenotypic action but localized in different regions of a chromosome or on different chromosomes. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

A small order of primarily marine fish containing 340 species. Most have a rotund or box-like shape. TETRODOTOXIN is found in their liver and ovaries.

Stretches of genomic DNA that exist in different multiples between individuals. Many copy number variations have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to disease.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.

The number of mutations that occur in a specific sequence, GENE, or GENOME over a specified period of time such as years, CELL DIVISIONS, or generations.

Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

The parts of the messenger RNA sequence that do not code for product, i.e. the 5' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS and 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.

Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (INVERTED TANDEM REPEATS).

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Distinct units in some bacterial, bacteriophage or plasmid GENOMES that are types of MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Encoded in them are a variety of fitness conferring genes, such as VIRULENCE FACTORS (in "pathogenicity islands or islets"), ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE genes, or genes required for SYMBIOSIS (in "symbiosis islands or islets"). They range in size from 10 - 500 kilobases, and their GC CONTENT and CODON usage differ from the rest of the genome. They typically contain an INTEGRASE gene, although in some cases this gene has been deleted resulting in "anchored genomic islands".

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.

Diseases of plants.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics.

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

The Alu sequence family (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme Alu I) is the most highly repeated interspersed repeat element in humans (over a million copies). It is derived from the 7SL RNA component of the SIGNAL RECOGNITION PARTICLE and contains an RNA polymerase III promoter. Transposition of this element into coding and regulatory regions of genes is responsible for many heritable diseases.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of algae.

Genes whose nucleotide sequences overlap to some degree. The overlapped sequences may involve structural or regulatory genes of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of MAMMALS.

Retroviruses that have integrated into the germline (PROVIRUSES) that have lost infectious capability but retained the capability to transpose.

An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.

The process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation.

A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by long, non-contractile tails.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Contiguous large-scale (1000-400,000 basepairs) differences in the genomic DNA between individuals, due to SEQUENCE DELETION; SEQUENCE INSERTION; or SEQUENCE INVERSION.

Ribozymes, genomics and therapeutics. (1/9340)

Genome-sequencing projects are proceeding at a rapid pace and determining the function of open reading frames is the next great challenge. Ribozymes with site-specific cleaving activity could aid greatly in this process. High-throughput screening methods to identify optimal target sites for ribozyme cleavage will provide tools for functional genomics as well as therapeutic reagents. (+info)

Nonmethylated transposable elements and methylated genes in a chordate genome. (2/9340)

The genome of the invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis was found to be a stable mosaic of methylated and nonmethylated domains. Multiple copies of an apparently active long terminal repeat retrotransposon and a long interspersed element are nonmethylated and a large fraction of abundant short interspersed elements are also methylation free. Genes, by contrast, are predominantly methylated. These data are incompatible with the genome defense model, which proposes that DNA methylation in animals is primarily targeted to endogenous transposable elements. Cytosine methylation in this urochordate may be preferentially directed to genes. (+info)

Alternative splicing of transcripts encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of mouse glucosidase II in T lymphocytes. (3/9340)

Glucosidase II is a processing enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum that functions to hydrolyze two glucose residues in immature N -linked oligosaccharides attached to newly synthesized polypeptides. We previously reported the cDNA cloning of the alpha- and beta-subunits of mouse glucosidase II from T cells following copurification of these proteins with the highly glycosylated transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase CD45. Subsequent examination of additional cDNA clones, coupled with partial genomic DNA sequencing, has revealed that both subunits are encoded by gene products that undergo alternative splicing in T lymphocytes. The catalytic alpha-subunit possesses two variably expressed segments, box Alpha1, consisting of 22 amino acids located proximal to the amino-terminus, and box Alpha2, composed of 9 amino acids situated between the amino-terminus and the putative catalytic site in the central region of the molecule. Box Beta1, a variably expressed 7 amino acid segment in the beta-subunit of glucosidase II, is located immediately downstream of an acidic stretch near the carboxyl-terminus. Screening of reverse transcribed RNA by polymerase chain reaction confirms the variable inclusion of each of these segments in transcripts obtained from a panel of T-lymphocyte cell lines. Thus, distinct isoforms of glucosidase II exist that may perform specialized functions. (+info)

An intact sperm nuclear matrix may be necessary for the mouse paternal genome to participate in embryonic development. (4/9340)

We have been interested in determining the minimally required elements in the sperm head that are necessary in order for the paternal genome to participate in embryogenesis. We used an ionic detergent, mixed alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (ATAB), plus dithiothreitol (DTT) to remove the acrosome and almost all of the perinuclear theca, leaving only the sperm nucleus morphologically intact. We also tested the stability of the sperm nuclear matrix by the ability to form nuclear halos. Sperm nuclei washed in freshly prepared 0.5% ATAB + 2 mM DTT completely decondensed when extracted with salt, but nuclei washed in the same buffer that was 1 wk old, and then extracted with salt, produced nuclear halos, indicating stable nuclear matrices. When we treated sperm heads with freshly prepared ATAB+DTT and injected them into oocytes, none of the oocytes developed into live offspring. In contrast, sperm heads treated in the same way but with 1-wk-old ATAB+DTT solution could support development of about 30% of the oocytes to live offspring. Electron microscopy demonstrated that most of the perinuclear theca had been removed in both cases. These data suggest that at least in the mouse, the only component of the spermatozoa that is crucial for participation in embryologic development is the sperm nucleus with a stable nuclear matrix. (+info)

The prokaryotic beta-recombinase catalyzes site-specific recombination in mammalian cells. (5/9340)

The development of new strategies for the in vivo modification of eukaryotic genomes has become an important objective of current research. Site-specific recombination has proven useful, as it allows controlled manipulation of murine, plant, and yeast genomes. Here we provide the first evidence that the prokaryotic site-specific recombinase (beta-recombinase), which catalyzes only intramolecular recombination, is active in eukaryotic environments. beta-Recombinase, encoded by the beta gene of the Gram-positive broad host range plasmid pSM19035, has been functionally expressed in eukaryotic cell lines, demonstrating high avidity for the nuclear compartment and forming a clear speckled pattern when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. In simian COS-1 cells, transient beta-recombinase expression promoted deletion of a DNA fragment lying between two directly oriented specific recognition/crossing over sequences (six sites) located as an extrachromosomal DNA substrate. The same result was obtained in a recombination-dependent lacZ activation system tested in a cell line that stably expresses the beta-recombinase protein. In stable NIH/3T3 clones bearing different number of copies of the target sequences integrated at distinct chromosomal locations, transient beta-recombinase expression also promoted deletion of the intervening DNA, independently of the insertion position of the target sequences. The utility of this new recombination tool for the manipulation of eukaryotic genomes, used either alone or in combination with the other recombination systems currently in use, is discussed. (+info)

Genome reduction in a hemiclonal frog Rana esculenta from radioactively contaminated areas. (6/9340)

A decrease in genome size was found in the hemiclonal hybridogenetic frog Rana esculenta (R. ridibunda x R. lessonae) from areas of radioactive contamination that resulted from the Chernobyl fallout. This genome reduction was of up to 4% and correlated with the background level of gamma-radiation (linear regression corresponded on average to -0.4% per doubling of radiation level). No change in genome size was observed in the coexisting parental species R. lessonae. There was no correlation between genome size and body mass in R. esculenta froglets, which have metamorphosed in the year of the study. The hemiclonal forms may become a suitable object for study on biological significance of individual DNA sequences (and of genome size as a whole) because mutant animals with deletions in a specified genome can arise after a low radiation dose. The proneness to genetic damage makes such forms also a prospective bioindicator of radioactive (and possibly other mutagenic) pollution with the effects of genetic damage conveniently and rapidly monitored by DNA flow cytometry. (+info)

Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA, and mRNA expression of the medaka fish homolog of mammalian guanylyl cyclase C. (7/9340)

We isolated the cDNA and genomic DNA encoding a membrane guanylyl cyclase of medaka fish (designated as OlGC6), and determined their complete nucleotide sequences. The open reading frame for OlGC6 cDNA predicted a protein of 1,075 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that OlGC6 is a member of the enterotoxin/guanylin receptor family. We also determined the partial genomic structure of the gene of another membrane guanylyl cyclase of medaka fish, OlGC2, which is a member of the natriuretic peptide receptor family. The intron positions relative to the protein-coding sequence are highly conserved in the intracellular domains of OlGC6, OlGC2, mammalian GC-A, and GC-E. Despite their divergent primary structures, some intron positions also seem to be conserved in the extracellular domains of different membrane guanylyl cyclase genes. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that an OlGC6 transcript of 3.9 kb is only present in the intestine, while reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis demonstrated that the OlGC6 transcript is present in the kidney, spleen, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, ovary, testis, brain, and eye. RT-PCR also demonstrated that OlGC6 is only expressed zygotically and that transcripts are present from 1 day after fertilization, i.e. long before the intestinal tissues begin to develop. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of RGS9-2: a striatal-enriched alternatively spliced product of the RGS9 gene. (8/9340)

Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins. Previous in situ hybridization analysis of mRNAs encoding RGS3-RGS11 revealed region-specific expression patterns in rat brain. RGS9 showed a particularly striking pattern of almost exclusive enrichment in striatum. In a parallel study, RGS9 cDNA, here referred to as RGS9-1, was cloned from retinal cDNA libraries, and the encoded protein was identified as a GAP for transducin (Galphat) in rod outer segments. In the present study we identify a novel splice variant of RGS9, RGS9-2, cloned from a mouse forebrain cDNA library, which encodes a striatal-specific isoform of the protein. RGS9-2 is 191 amino acids longer than the retinal isoform, has a unique 3' untranslated region, and is highly enriched in striatum, with much lower levels seen in other brain regions and no expression detectable in retina. Immunohistochemistry showed that RGS9-2 protein is restricted to striatal neuropil and absent in striatal terminal fields. The functional activity of RGS9-2 is supported by the finding that it, but not RGS9-1, dampens the Gi/o-coupled mu-opioid receptor response in vitro. Characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome genomic clone of approximately 200 kb indicates that these isoforms represent alternatively spliced mRNAs from a single gene and that the RGS domain, conserved among all known RGS members, is encoded over three distinct exons. The distinct C-terminal domains of RGS9-2 and RGS9-1 presumably contribute to unique regulatory properties in the neural and retinal cells in which these proteins are selectively expressed. (+info)

The D. subobscura genome has been used to track global climate change by measuring the magnitude and direction of shifts in ... The genome of some Greek populations of D. subobscura has shown evidence of microgeographic variation, prompting a possibility ... Additionally, the genome does not show a chromocenter and contains high levels of chromosomal polymorphisms caused by ... As of March 2019, the first long-read sequencing of D. subobscura's genome has been presented, showing that evolution of its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_subobscura

In the specific differentiation, C. rhomboideum likely underwent genome size reduction. Approximately 5% of the genome is ... The genome of C. rhomboideum is smaller than that of C. annuum. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_rhomboideum

A separate study by Wilson and Strobeck, published in Genome, was done to define the relationships between different herds of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowstone_Park_bison_herd

Genome. 49 (8): 873-881. doi:10.1139/g06-043. ISSN 0831-2796. PMID 17036061. Tsurushima, Tetsu; Don, L. Dinh; Kawashima, Kenji ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyricularia

24, June 13, 1919, p. 29 "Ivanhoe". Genome. BBC. Retrieved 4 April 2020. Dailey MacKinlay, M. Sterling. Garcia the Centenarian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanhoe_(opera)

Genome. 10 (5): 506-12. doi:10.1007/s003359901031. PMID 10337626. NCBI. "Homo sapiens COX4 neighbor (COX4NB), transcript ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fam158a

Schmutz SM, Moker JS (1991). "A cytogenetic comparison of some North American owl species". Genome. 34 (5): 714-717. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_hawk-owl

Smith CL, Cantor CR (1989). "Evolving strategies for making physical maps of mammalian chromosomes". Genome. 31 (2): 1055-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-down_proteomics

Genome. 55 (5): 396-399. doi:10.1139/G2012-022. PMID 22533489.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf_rust_(barley)

Genome. 3 (3): 168-72. doi:10.1007/BF00352462. PMID 1617223. Arveiler B, Vincent A, Mandel JL (1989). "Toward a physical map of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPN1LW

For example, an LJJ individual would be a triploid with one A. laterale genome and two A. jeffersonianum genomes, while an ... This is in contrast to hybridogenesis, where the maternal genomes are passed hemiclonally and the paternal genome is discarded ... Sperm incorporation commonly takes the form of genome addition (resulting in ploidy elevation in the offspring), or genome ... The offspring of a single mother may have different genome complements; for example, a single egg mass may have both LLJJ and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_salamander

Genome. Retrieved 4 December 2020. "Radio Times, Issue 312, Southern, 22 September 1929 - 28 September 1929". Genome. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Symphony

Genome. 16 (12): 942-54. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-0075-2. PMID 16341674. S2CID 69278. Ramachandran P, Boontheung P, Xie Y, et al ... Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCGBP

Gladfelter, A.; Berman, J. (2009). "Dancing genomes: fungal nuclear positioning". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 7 (875-886): 875 ... ISBN 978-0306472619 Mortimer, Robert K.; Romano, Patrizia; Suzzi, Giovanna; Polsinelli, Mario (December 1994). "Genome renewal ... "genome renewal" and provides an advantage of sex that does not depend on outcrossing. Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that ... Genome. 35 (5): 815-26. doi:10.1139/g92-124. PMID 1427061. Herskowitz I (December 1988). "Life cycle of the budding yeast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating_in_fungi

But... You won't be using me anymore... Battle data... from the Perfect Soldier? Genes... genome... I see... Intriguing... I'll ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver_Ocelot

... implications for taxonomy and biogeographic origins from whole-genome data sets" (PDF). Genome. 49 (9): 1115-1130. doi:10.1139/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadus

Aegilops (genome) Comparative Classification Table Triticum (genome) Comparative Classification Table Genomes in Aegilops, ... speltoides - ancient food grain, putative source of B genome in bread wheat[clarification needed] and G genome in T. ... produces the genome StSt and another Hordeum then genome = HH. Allotetraploid combinations of Pseudoroegeneria and Hordeum and ... A Genome) timopheevii (Sanduri wheat) turgidum (poulard wheat) (AABB Genome) carthlicum (Persian black wheat) dicoccoides (wild ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triticeae

CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Wildlife on One: Meerkats Divided". Genome. Retrieved 16 August 2019. CS1 maint: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meerkats_in_popular_culture

Horvath S (2013). "DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types". Genome Biology. 14 (10): R115. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14- ... "Complete mitochondrial genome and evolutionary analysis of Turritopsis dohrnii, the "immortal" jellyfish with a reversible life ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

Consequently, genome stability and regulation of the cell cycle are compromised, contributing to the development of multi-organ ... SON is required for genome stability by ensuring the efficiency of RNA splicing of weak constitutive and alternative splice ... Erroneous SON function causes insufficient production of downstream targets, genome instability and disrupted cell cycle ... Mammalian Genome. 4 (6): 338-342. doi:10.1007/bf00357094. ISSN 0938-8990. PMID 8318737. S2CID 19770065. Livyatan, Ilana; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTTK_syndrome

"All Back to Mine: Paul Weller". BBC Genome. 5 February 1998. p. 114. Retrieved 26 March 2019. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Casuals

Genome Research. 26 (2): 163-73. doi:10.1101/gr.197517.115. PMC 4728369. PMID 26680994.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_ancestor

The only exception is that the Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome, both of which are inherited intact from the paternal ... Broman KW (2005). "The genomes of recombinant inbred lines". Genetics. 169 (2): 1133-1146. doi:10.1534/genetics.104.035212. PMC ... Mammalian Genome. 17 (6): 548-564. doi:10.1007/s00335-005-0169-x. PMC 3906707. PMID 16783637. Morahan G, Williams RW (2007). " ... Each strain has a single fixed genome and it is also possible to resample a given genotype multiple times in multiple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_inbred_strain

McHale L, Tan X, Koehl P, Michelmore RW (2006). "Plant NBS-LRR proteins: adaptable guards". Genome Biology. 7 (4): 212. doi: ... Approximately 20 of these proteins have been found in the mammalian genome and include nucleotide-binding oligomerization ... revealed that despite the small number of non-RD kinases in these genomes (9%-29%), 12 of 15 kinases known or predicted to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

"Draft Genome Sequence of Psychrobacter aquaticus Strain CMS 56T, Isolated from a Cyanobacterial Mat Sample Collected from Water ... Bodies in the McMurdo Dry Valley Region of Antarctica". Genome Announcements. 1 (6): e00918-13. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00918-13. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrobacter_aquaticus

Infection is usually associated either with swimming or with keeping or working with fish (aquarium granuloma). Whole genome ... May 2008). "Insights from the complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium marinum on the evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... August 2018). "Extensive genomic diversity among Mycobacterium marinum strains revealed by whole genome sequencing". Scientific ... Genome Announcements. 6 (20). doi:10.1128/genomeA.00397-18. PMC 5958268. PMID 29773624. Das S, Pettersson BM, Behra PR, Mallick ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_marinum

Ebert, Dieter (2011-02-04). "A Genome for the Environment". Science. 331 (6017): 539-540. doi:10.1126/science.1202092. ISSN ... Genome Research. 19 (12): 2317-2323. doi:10.1101/gr.096651.109. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 2792171. PMID 19819907. Bates, Jennifer M ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphnia_magna

For smaller genomes such as Arabidopsis, whole genomes can be examined. Tiling arrays are a useful tool in genome-wide ... Two types of tiling arrays are commonly used for array CGH, whole genome and fine tiled. The whole genome approach would be ... the price makes it impractical to use genome-wide tiling arrays for mammalian and other large genomes. Another issue is the " ... A genome-wide variation of this is known as ChIP-on-chip. Proteins that bind to chromatin are cross-linked in vivo, usually via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiling_array

... at BBC Programmes "LATE-NIGHT SERIAL". BBC Genome. Retrieved 31 January 2019. Book at Bedtime at BBC Programmes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_at_Bedtime

Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788-95 ... Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2136-44. doi:10.1101/gr.2576704. PMC 528930. PMID 15489336. Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C ... Genome Res. 11 (3): 422-35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166. Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLITRK6

What is Genome Editing?. Visit NHGRIs Genome Editing website to learn more about this technology. ... Advances in genome editing technologies made over the past decade allow for precise changes to the DNA code inside of live ... Genome editing technologies present an exciting prospect for treatments and possibly even cures for these diseases. SCGE is ... Genome editing tools need to function specifically on the disease gene to minimize unintended consequences. In addition, the ...

http://commonfund.nih.gov/editing/

Startup ecosystem development through data. We advise world leaders in policymaking, strategy and actions to drive innovation and economic growth.

https://startupgenome.com/ecosystems/singapore

As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

http://www.rcsb.org/genome/2KOL

Genome definition, a full set of chromosomes; all the inheritable traits of an organism. See more. ... Derived forms of genome. genomic (dʒɪˈnɒmɪk), adjective. Word Origin for genome. C20: from German Genom, from Gen gene + ( ... Words nearby genome. genocopy, genodermatosis, Genoese, genogram, génoise, genome, genomic DNA, genomics, genomic sequencing, ... Other vertebrates have only one copy of a mitochondrial genome.. Lizard-like tuatara carry two distinct mitochondrial genomes, ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/genome

The Human Genome Project. 1460 Words , 6 Pages. Gene Essay Assignment: The Human Genome Project A genome is the complete DNA ... Human Genome Project Essay. 3161 Words , 13 Pages. Human Genome Project Essay The Human Genome Initiative is a worldwide ... Essay On Whole Genome Sequencing. 1226 Words , 5 Pages. *. The Implications Of The Human Genome Project On Human Health. 1853 ... Essay On Whole Genome Sequencing. 1226 Words , 5 Pages. 2.0 Materials and Methods Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is one of the ...

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Essay-On-Genome-Sequencing-FKQYQ6A49F

This tool converts genome coordinates and genome annotation files between assemblies. The input data can be pasted into the ... Original Genome: Original Assembly: New Genome: New Assembly: Human. Mouse. A. gambiae. A. mellifera. African clawed frog. ... To lift genome annotations locally on Linux systems, download the liftOver executable and the appropriate chain file. Run ... You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgLiftOver?hgsid=1049754445_wstQuqxRM9MkU1spuGb4wtxJUYPM

Genome Graphs is a tool for displaying genome-wide data sets such as the results of genome-wide SNP association studies, ... browse regions: Takes you to a page with a list of all regions above the significance threshold on the left, and a Genome ... assembly: Specifies which version of the organisms genome sequence to use. *graph ... in ...: Selects which graph(s) to ... For more detailed instructions, see the Genome Graphs Users Guide. *clade: Specifies which clade the organism is in. ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGenome?hgsid=1049661053_LN5A9eewXqDl6f0TWW0EaZ9csh5s

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGenome?hgsid=1050284297_TVaOXXYE94m9NARcBaMXPUrATOAL

https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGenome?hgsid=1048530995_q71CeJy59ZQnWhutlCVvbva3NZdf

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?hgsid=1045584529_HiSEUdQpdEvHtglURcQHnlxzKA2k

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?hgsid=1049655599_7EmbJLCexSD9cnC1OzkoUL2siIk2

Human genomes black holes mapped. 26 March 2018. News. John Sulston obituary: Pioneer genome researcher dies. 9 March 2018. ... Human Genome Project. An international scientific research project with the goal of determining and decoding the total sequence ... Leading Human Genome Project scientist, Sue Povey, dies. 25 February 2019. News. ... Plan to build synthetic human DNA genome gains momentum. 8 May 2017. News. ...

https://www.bionews.org.uk/page_2322

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?hgsid=1047828807_a8vCNJQkrsFg63b1vx3gOqA0Qabv

Insight into structure and assembly of the nuclear pore complex by utilizing the genome of a eukaryotic thermophile. ...

https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_organism?org=T03100

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?hgsid=1048528239_aQ3AlTppOu6qgeukiOBaPa6csoon

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway?hgsid=1048514739_hOJ9Srxj8HwIEu4XEiiuzkqgoi0C

REMINDER: Our hotline team is working remotely and focusing their time on helping our patients. We kindly ask pharmacies, providers, and their staff to use our Pharmacy and Provider Portals. Please note: if you are contacting us about a payment or grant, it is faster to email us at [email protected] We appreciate your continued patience and look forward to continuing to serve you. Wishing you all safety and good health during this difficult time. The HealthWell Team. Dismiss alert ...

https://www.healthwellfoundation.org/realworldhealthcare/tag/human-genome/

p,First full sequence of gorilla genome shows 96% share with humans, with close parallels in sensory perception and hearing,/p, ... The genomes of all three species are, in any case, highly similar: humans and chimpanzees share more than 98% of their genes, ... The first full genome analysis has revealed that 15% of gorillas genetic makeup is closer between humans and gorillas than it ... The first full genome analysis has revealed that 15% of gorillas genetic makeup is closer between humans and gorillas than it ...

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/mar/07/gorilla-genome-analysis-new-human-link

... however the elements responsible for genome size variation are yet to be identified. Genomic resources for Pinus including ... Most of the enormous genome complexity of pines can be explained by divergence of retrotransposons, ... Evolution of genome size and complexity in Pinus PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4332. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004332. Epub 2009 Feb 5 ... Genome evolution in the gymnosperm lineage of seed plants has given rise to many of the most complex and largest plant genomes ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19194510/?dopt=Abstract

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ... in order to proceed directly to the Genome Browser. For an example page using such links please see the Session Gallery. ... If a saved settings file is available from a web server, you can send email to others with a link such as https://genome.ucsc. ...

https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgSession?hgsid=1049626961_y6bb9wShQQngQZHGiU1E5Q1lQPek&hgS_doMainPage=1

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgSession?hgsid=1048531645_LIcVJmablfGwuI4OosCeoMA0KVBc&hgS_doMainPage=1

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGeneGraph?hgsid=1049498595_zgmTAoq3UjIBeSIScjzNsnhvAJHY

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGeneGraph?hgsid=1049335129_8eUZb42N8aRaeXUp5rst6pH82AxW

Life Technologies genome sequencing effort. By BC Staff , May 11, 2000 , 7:00 AM GMT ...

https://www.biocentury.com/article/56874/life-technologies-genome-sequencing-effort

You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGeneGraph?hgsid=1049640993_QujJ9nYv3OcgJ5qSaaAIvXmZf4zw

The Genome Integrity Discussion Group presents meetings featuring talks by graduate students, post-docs, or laboratory heads ... The Genome Integrity Discussion Group meets four to five times each year and provides an opportunity for researchers active in ... Genome Integrity Discussion Group October 2009. Monday, October 5, 2009. The New York Academy of Sciences ...

https://www.nyas.org/events/2009/genome-integrity-discussion-group-meeting/

TCGAs Study of Breast Ductal Carcinoma

https://www.cancer.gov/about-nci/organization/ccg/research/structural-genomics/tcga/studied-cancers/breast-ductal

The Genome Integrity Discussion Group provides a forum for interactions between basic and clinical research groups working on ... The Genome Integrity Discussion Group is proudly supported by. *. *. *. Mission Partner support for the Frontiers of Science ... The Genome Integrity Discussion Group is proudly supported by. *. *. *. Mission Partner support for the Frontiers of Science ... The Genome Integrity meetings are designed to provide a forum for interactions between the many basic science and clinically- ...

https://www.nyas.org/events/2013/genome-integrity-discussion-group-meeting/

UCSC Genome Browser on Human Feb. 2009 (GRCh37/hg19) Assembly. move <<< title=move 95% to the left>. << title=move 47.5% ... You must have JavaScript enabled in your web browser to use the Genome Browser ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg19&position=7q11.23

bROKEN gENOME Page 1 of 1 [15 Posts]. View unread posts. View new posts in the last week. Mark the topic unread :: View ... Posted: Sun Mar 28, 2004 4:31 pm Post subject: bROKEN gENOME. ...

https://electro-music.com/forum/topic-1732-0.html&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=

... here has announced a new Environmental Genome Project that will search for human genes that control susceptibility to toxic ... Environmental Genome Project Aims to Find 200 Genes Affected by Toxins. Dec 21, 1998 ... Home » Tools & Technology » Informatics » Environmental Genome Project Aims to Find 200 Genes Affected by Toxins ... Invitae, PCT Therapeutics, Genome Medical Partner to Offer Genetic Testing for Cerebral Palsy. ...

https://www.genomeweb.com/informatics/environmental-genome-project-aims-find-200-genes-affected-toxins

A contig is a continu- ous sub-sequence of the genome assembled from sequencing reads. (rutgers.edu)
Scaffolding attempts to construct a linear sequence of contigs (with possible gaps in between) using paired reads (two reads whose distance on the genome is approximately known). (rutgers.edu)

IMG provides a set of tools for comparative analysis of genes, genomes and functions. (bionity.com)
Users can employee a set of powerful tools for comparative analysis and explore the microbial genomes along its 3 main dimensions (genomes, genes and functions), select them and transfer them in the comparative analysis carts. (bionity.com)

k-mer counting helps to identify genomic k-mers from sequenced reads which may then inform read correction or genome assembly. (rutgers.edu)

The Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) is a genome browsing and annotation system developed by the DOE- Joint Genome Institute . (bionity.com)
The Integrated Microbial Genomes- Expert Review (IMG/ER) system provides support to individual scientists or group of scientists for functional annotation and curation of their microbial genomes of interest. (bionity.com)
Users can submit their annotated genomes (or request the IMG automated annotation pipeline to be applied first) into IMG-ER and proceed with manual curation and comparative analysis in the system, through secure (password protected) access. (bionity.com)
We show that current bioinformatic tools are capable of charac- terizing a novel organism by producing a draft genome assembly and gene annotation from single cell data of a MAST-4 stramenopile. (rutgers.edu)

Description De novo Genome assembly and k-mer frequency counting are two of the classical prob- lems of Bioinformatics. (rutgers.edu)

The Integrated Microbial Genomes with Microbiome Samples (IMG/M) system is an extension of the IMG system providing a comparative analysis context of metagenomic data with the publicly available isolate genomes. (bionity.com)

Genome assembly has two major subproblems: contig construction and scaffolding. (rutgers.edu)

IMG contains all the draft and complete microbial genomes sequenced by the DOE-JGI integrated with other publicly available genomes (including Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya, Viruses and Plasmids). (bionity.com)
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Integrated_Microbial_Genomes_System" . (bionity.com)

Also, as scientists understand more about the role of this noncoding DNA (often referred to as junk DNA), it will become more important to have a complete genome sequence as a background to understanding the genetics and biology of any given organism. (wikipedia.org)
The first genome map of a horse is complete, providing scientists with new tools for investigating equine disease. (uky.edu)
But many scientists believe tha genome information will help them find solutions. (uky.edu)
In October 1995, 70 scientists from 20 countries met in Lexington, Kentucky to make a plan for mapping the horse genome. (uky.edu)
Many scientists have joined forces on the Human Genome Project. (amnh.org)
By learning about our genome, scientists will better understand how our bodies work and how diseases develop. (amnh.org)
So, to get a complete picture of our species' DNA, you might think that the Human Genome Project scientists have to study the DNA of millions of people -- not even close! (amnh.org)
After the entire human genome is sequenced, scientists still won't know which genes control which traits. (amnh.org)
Scientists with the Human Genome Project (HGP) study only the human genome. (amnh.org)
To understand how our genome works, scientists compare it to the genomes of mice, flies, worms, and even bacteria. (amnh.org)
Scientists have released a draft sequence of the orangutan genome, revealing intriguing clues to the evolution of great apes and humans. (bbc.co.uk)
A four-year international study of the human genome has prompted scientists to rethink some of their most basic ideas about how DNA functions. (pbs.org)
Scientists have assembled the first complete genome of one of humanity's oldest, and least-loved, companions: the bedbug. (amnh.org)
Several years ago, U.S. scientists launched a hugely ambitious project called the Cancer Genome Atlas. (ohsu.edu)
Scientists have yet to map out the full human genome , so any tests done today are incomplete, as they're missing a fundamental part of indisputable science: a full data set. (healthline.com)
Because the process was so slow and required the work of highly skilled technicians, it was clear to most scientists in the mid '80s that it would not be possible to sequence entire genomes by manual methods. (caltech.edu)
Scientists at the University of Rochester and the J. Craig Venter Institute have discovered a copy of the genome of a bacterial parasite residing inside the genome of its host species. (redorbit.com)
Bacterial DNA is routinely discarded when scientists are assembling invertebrate genomes, yet these genes may very well be part of the organism's genome, and might even be responsible for functioning traits. (redorbit.com)

The genome has a large number of transposable elements - non-coding parts of the genome that have an important role in gene regulation - that have been moving around in the genome at a relatively rapid pace. (scientificamerican.com)
According to Aerts, such knowledge could be extremely useful: "We can now explore if we can use this lock-and-key system to open up or close off other parts of the genome in a controlled way as well. (eurekalert.org)
Sequence assembly is especially complicated in plants because some parts of the genome are repeat copies of other parts. (warwick.ac.uk)

For a bacterium containing a single chromosome, a genome project will aim to map the sequence of that chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the size of the genome or chromosome being built, this may require many rounds of assembly, as the typical starting material for DNA assembly projects is almost always fragments of DNA smaller than 15 kb, with these obtained either from commercial synthesis or from PCR amplification of natural DNA regions. (pnas.org)
Bacterial artificial chromosome libraries and BAC-based physical mapping of aquaculture genomes: William S. Davidson. (wiley.com)

Such projects may also include gene prediction to find out where the genes are in a genome, and what those genes do. (wikipedia.org)
So while the HGP data may have a gene and a sequence, but not a structure, [email protected] might have a protein and a structure, and if their structures match, then it's very likely that the relationship between genome and protein has been found. (wired.com)
For example, if an unclassified genome has the same sequence as a protein used in digestion, then it's possible that the gene is also used in digestion. (wired.com)
It is important to consider how the genome is similar to other genomes that are already known, as this can help when establishing the role of the gene. (news-medical.net)
The efficiency, versatility and multiplexing capacity of RNA-guided genome engineering using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables a variety of applications in plants, ranging from gene editing to the constructi. (biomedcentral.com)
Physical and gene map of the green alga Nephroselmis chloroplast genome, showing the typical structural arrangement found in land plants. (tolweb.org)
This greatly simplifies the process of gene editing by allowing for rapid, efficient and precise engineering, even with complex genomes. (prweb.com)
This Hub is maintained as a result of the gene editing project of the OECD Working Party on Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Converging Technologies (BNCT ) which is a partner in the genome editing conference. (oecd.org)
Given the massive amount of population-based data that will be generated over the next decades, we believe a coordinated global effort is needed to disseminate human genome epidemiologic information in order to keep up with the progress of the Human Genome Project and its accompanying gene discoveries. (cdc.gov)
Now that we can systematically profile genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes, the challenge is to discover the rules that link DNA sequence with chromatin state and gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
They shared a vision of the future in which knowledge of every gene that composes the human genome would be available to any scientist in the world at the click of a computer key. (caltech.edu)
We will look at the basic molecular and cellular processes underlying gene expression, genome structure and evolution as well as the techniques used to study them. (le.ac.uk)
Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes. (springer.com)
El-Mabrouk, N.: Genome rearrangements with gene families. (springer.com)

The work is published in Genome Biology . (epfl.ch)
Genome Biology 18:149, 7 August 2017. (epfl.ch)
The human genome project changed biology forever. (uky.edu)
The journal Genome Biology is published by BioMedCentral, and offers free access to primary research articles and a preprint depository to which authors may submit work for free distribution over the web. (scidev.net)
Genome-scale plant research to address fundamental questions in biology, including processes of economic and/or societal importance. (nsf.gov)
The Ohio State report was published today on the website of the journal Genome Biology. (eurekalert.org)
A second key invention for the genome project was developed at Caltech by Professor Melvin Simon, chair of Caltech's biology division, and his coworker Hiroaki Shizuya. (caltech.edu)
Genome rearrangement problems have proved so interesting from a combinatorial point of view that the field now belongs as much to mathematics as to biology. (mit.edu)

Of dramatic interest is the number of genes in the human genome. (encyclopedia.com)

Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters is a 1999 popular science book by the science writer Matt Ridley , published by Fourth Estate. (wikipedia.org)
It would be very valuable to sequence more primate genomes to enable more comparative analysis of this kind and thus help us understand the evolution of primates and our own species. (bbc.co.uk)
A "first draft" of the Neanderthal genome announced today adds to evidence that the extinct human species was lactose intolerant and could have shared some basic language capabilities with modern humans. (nationalgeographic.com)
By contrast, a genome is the full set of genes that gives rise to a particular species. (nationalgeographic.com)
And now, we've found at least one species where the parasite's entire or nearly entire genome has been absorbed and integrated into the host's. (redorbit.com)
Published today in the open-access journal GigaScience , is an article that presents the genome sequence of Ginkgo biloba , the oldest extant tree species. (eurekalert.org)
Given its longevity as a species and unique position in the evolutionary tree of life, the ginkgo genome will provide an extensive resource for studies concerning plant defenses against insects and pathogens, and research investigating early events in tree evolution and in evolution overall. (eurekalert.org)
The tree's genome is also larger than other plant species known for extremely big genomes, such as maize or orchids. (eurekalert.org)
Combinatorial methods are used to reconstruct putative rearrangement scenarios in order to explain the evolutionary history of a set of species, often formalizing the evolutionary events that can explain the multiple combinations of observed genomes as combinatorial optimization problems. (mit.edu)

The traditional method of curation method uses the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm to find similarities to annotate the genome. (news-medical.net)

There is a general conception that we can only find meaningful differences by surveying the entire genome," said Bejerano. (stanford.edu)

When Bob Waterston became chair of the Department of Genome Sciences in 2002, it was a major coup for UW Medicine. (washington.edu)

Confusion was enhanced when the human genome was compared to a yeast cell with 6,000 genes, a fly with 13,000 genes, a worm with 26,000 genes, and a rice cell with 50,000 genes. (encyclopedia.com)
The project to sequence the yeast genome got underway in 1989 and the entire code of strain S288c was spelled out in 1996. (brighthub.com)
It was extracted from its yeast host and used to transform Mycoplasma cells, resulting in a bacteria growing and dividing with the accepted synthetic genome. (pnas.org)

These repeats can be thousands of nucleotides long, and some occur in thousands of different locations, especially in the large genomes of plants and animals. (wikipedia.org)
However, by stepping down a scale from bacteria to viruses, opportunities quickly arise, even for those viruses with comparatively large genomes, like the double-stranded DNA herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 genome, over 150 kb in length. (pnas.org)

In a recent interview, Dr. Waterston talked about his career and genome sciences. (washington.edu)
Dr. Kelley Harris joined Genome Sciences in 2018. (washington.edu)
Genome Sciences is pleased to welcome Dr. Brian Beliveau to the department in September 2018 as our newest faculty member. (washington.edu)
Retrieved on December 14, 2019 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Genome-Analysis.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on August 17, 2019 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Lentivirus-Genome.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Genome mapping in animals is now one of the leading disciplines in animal sciences. (springer.com)
Say Hello to Chip Skowron III, the Latest Hedge-Funder Charged With Insider Trading [Updated] Over a tip about Human Genome Sciences. (nymag.com)
In Caltech's Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Professor Daniel Kevles has examined these ethical issues in his book The Code of Codes: Scientific and Social Issues in the Human Genome Project, which he coedited in 1992 with Leroy Hood. (caltech.edu)

In connection with the genetics section they interviewed several members of the Horse Genome Project. (uky.edu)
Targeted genome engineering has been described as a "game-changing technology" for fields as diverse as human genetics and plant biotechnology. (biomedcentral.com)
The dance is intended to represent the human genome and related topics, including the history of genetics and social implications. (genomeweb.com)
[email protected] is a project at Stanford University to advance the amount knowledge in the field of genetics . (everything2.com)
Zebrafish Wild Type Strain Genome was presented at the 6th European Zebrafish Genetics and Development Meeting at Rome, Italy. (google.com)

and FST values were significantly higher for SNPs within the Batwa pygmy phenotype-associated regions than the remainder of the genome, a signature of polygenic adaptation. (ebi.ac.uk)

65 participants at the 2016 NIST Genome Editing Standards Workshop identified pre-competitive standards and measurements needed to establish greater confidence in characterization of genome editing outputs. (nist.gov)
In 2016, the same strategy allowed the Venter Institute team to construct a working, rationally reduced Mycoplasma genome with large-scale changes from the natural sequence, including removal of hundreds of genes ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
Groundbreaking Journal, Gender and the Genome, To Launch in Summer 2016. (liebertpub.com)

DNA sequence assembly involves the alignment and merging of DNA fragments to reconstruct the DNA so that smaller sections of the genome can be analyzed. (news-medical.net)
The book also discusses an important generalization of the basic problem known as the median problem, surveys attempts to reconstruct the relationships between genomes with phylogenetic trees, and offers a collection of summaries and appendixes with useful additional information. (mit.edu)

What is the Social Genome Model? (brookings.edu)

Getting an effectively complete genome sequence of a bacterium that lived nearly 700 years ago is incredibly exciting,' said Julian Parkhill, a disease genome expert at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Britain. (cbc.ca)

This book will be a defining book for the field of genome rearrangement and is destined to become a classic as soon as it hits the bookshelves. (mit.edu)
It presents a series of models, beginning with the simplest (which is progressively extended by dropping restrictions), each constructing a genome rearrangement problem. (mit.edu)

The NIST-led Genome Editing Consortium has been established to address these needs. (nist.gov)

As of December 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. is no longer the publisher of Gender and the Genome , The Official Journal of the Foundation for Gender-Specific Medicine. (liebertpub.com)

This genome-wide, high-resolution analysis of the partitioning of chloroplast ribosomes between membrane and soluble fractions revealed that approximately half of the chloroplast-encoded thylakoid proteins integrate cotranslationally and half integrate posttranslationally. (pnas.org)
An example of such assembler Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package developed by BGI for de novo assembly of human-sized genomes, alignment, SNP detection, resequencing, indel finding, and structural variation analysis. (wikipedia.org)
Pre-processing refers to generating analysis-ready mapped reads from raw reads using tools like BWA*, Picard* tools, and the Genome Analysis Tool Kit. (intel.com)
The analysis of DNA phase is the final step in genome analysis. (news-medical.net)
The team's analysis reveals that the orangutan genome has experienced a slower rate of evolution than those of other great apes, with fewer rearrangements, duplications and repeats in the sequence. (bbc.co.uk)
Ending one long-standing argument, analysis of the coelacanth genome clearly shows that it is not the closest living fishy relative to tetrapods, Amemiya says: that honor belongs to the lungfish. (scientificamerican.com)
The analysis showed that not all parts of the coelacanth genome are slow to evolve. (scientificamerican.com)
Surprisingly, there is a lack of genome analysis data in literature against CNS particularly of human origin. (omicsonline.org)
It is employed for all facets in genome analysis in animals and their improvement for benefit of human beings. (springer.com)
The Social Genome Project , a model of social mobility over the life cycle, will produce a unique new data set and tool for policy analysis. (brookings.edu)
Here we describe a protocol for large-scale genome-wide analysis that facilitates quality control and population stratification correction in 9K, 13K, and 23K individuals while maintaining the confidentiality of underlying genotypes and phenotypes. (virginia.edu)

Isaacs and Church also showed that eliminating the UAG codon frees up a protein coding space in an organism's genome, allowing for a more efficient incorporation of non-standard amino acids - amino acids that are not traditionally coded for. (yaledailynews.com)

Meanwhile, Bailey wants to sequence the genome of a patient's cancer? (go.com)
I understood that they a) made a map, and b) intend to sequence the genome over the next year. (scienceblogs.com)
According to the article at www.sciencedaily.com they didn't sequence the genome yet. (scienceblogs.com)

The Cancer Genome Atlas is the outgrowth of a year and a half of planning by NIH advisory groups. (washingtonpost.com)

The size of the bovine genome is 3 Gb (3 billion base pairs ). (wikipedia.org)

Jinni's Movie Genome has a taxonomy created by film professionals, while titles are automatically indexed using a mixture of metadata and reviews and a proprietary Natural Language Processing solution to assign semantic tags to content and users. (wikipedia.org)
The data about each title in a Movie Genome can also support an item-based recommendation engine that recommends based on similarities between content items and users' preferred "genes. (wikipedia.org)

If we pick a disease to treat using genome editing, we should start with something relatively simple," he says. (technologyreview.com)
Targeted genome editing, a method used to alter the DNA of living cells at desired locations, is poised to revolutionize science and medicine. (nist.gov)
NIST has brought together experts across the genome editing field including stakeholders in industry, academia and government to assess their measurement needs. (nist.gov)
These discussions have identified common pre-competitive measurements and standards needed to establish greater confidence in the characterization of genome editing outputs. (nist.gov)
Design and conduct controlled evaluations of existing assays for quantifying on- and off-target genome editing, with a robust and optimal experimental design aimed at assessing the sources of variability, repeatability, and reproducibility within an assay. (nist.gov)
Determine the type of metadata that would be needed to be shared, housed, and interrogated from genome editing experiments. (nist.gov)
Identify terms and related definitions to form a common genome editing community lexicon. (nist.gov)
The efficiency of multiplex editing in plants by the RNA-guided Cas9 system is limited by efficient introduction of its components into the genome and by their activity. (biomedcentral.com)
By co-expressing two guide RNAs using dual RNA polymerase promoters, the patent-pending NickaseNinja removes the need for co-transfection of multiple vectors, improving genome editing efficiency and consistency compared with the conventional two vector systems currently available. (prweb.com)
The OECD Conference on Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture - Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation explored the safety and regulatory considerations raised by genome edited products, with the aim to favour a coherent policy approach to facilitate innovation involving genome editing and will bring together policy makers, academia, innovators and other stakeholders involved in the topic. (oecd.org)
Genome editing - set of techniques in which specialised enzymes have been modified - can insert, replace or remove DNA from a genome with a high degree of specificity. (oecd.org)
The rapidly growing use of genome editing has policy implications and human health and environmental safety considerations. (oecd.org)
The meeting report of the OECD conference on ''Genome Editing: Applications in Agriculture-Implications for Health, Environment and Regulation'' includes in-depth summaries of the presentations of each invited speaker given at the Conference. (oecd.org)
The Policy Considerations Regarding Genome Editing describes the applications of genome editing, its risk and safety considerations and regulatory aspects. (oecd.org)
This session presented background information on genome editing techniques in the broader context. (oecd.org)
Science and Legal Experts Debate Future Uses and Impact of Human Genome Editing in Gender and the Genome. (liebertpub.com)

Human Genome Variation is delighted to present its first Collection for the March 2019 issue. (nature.com)

Everyone on the planet -- except identical twins -- has a unique genome. (amnh.org)

Through this route in 2010, the J. Craig Venter Institute constructed the first completely synthetic bacterial genome ( 2 ). (pnas.org)

The 8th Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Foundation International Equine Genome Mapping Workshop took place near Newmarket, UK from July 22 to 25, 2009. (uky.edu)
The series Genome Mapping in Animals will fill this gap. (springer.com)

Proteins in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane system are derived from both the nuclear and plastid genomes. (pnas.org)
Chloroplast genomes encode ∼37 proteins that integrate into the thylakoid membrane. (pnas.org)
Whereas [email protected] is designed to learn how genomes fold into proteins, [email protected] was launched this week to try and reverse engineer known proteins by guessing the genome sequence of their structures. (wired.com)
This effort is very much a discovery for the participants, as learning how genomes become proteins is something that's still largely unknown. (wired.com)

The proportion of a genome that encodes for genes may be very small (particularly in eukaryotes such as humans, where coding DNA may only account for a few percent of the entire sequence). (wikipedia.org)
David Reich/Nature The entire genome of the Denisovans was extracted from a tooth and finger bone. (scienceblogs.com)
A plan was made to sequence the entire human genome in the late 1980s. (uky.edu)
and the University of Tubingen in Germany describe its entire genome. (cbc.ca)
But integrating an entire genome was definitely an unexpected find. (redorbit.com)

Insights into the architecture of ancestral chloroplast genomes. (tolweb.org)

We will analyse directly quantitative traits in the cohorts and the selected traits in the extreme samples, and also use imputation down to 0.1% allele frequency to extend the analyses to further sample sets with genome wide genotype data. (ebi.ac.uk)

When the human genome was fully sequenced in 2001, it was hailed as a remarkable achievement. (stanford.edu)

Finally, viruses (which are noncellular, parasitic "life forms") have genomes of double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or single-stranded RNA. (encyclopedia.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms33

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes142

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science15

Health Care5

Ribozymes, genomics and therapeutics. (1/9340)

Nonmethylated transposable elements and methylated genes in a chordate genome. (2/9340)

Alternative splicing of transcripts encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of mouse glucosidase II in T lymphocytes. (3/9340)

An intact sperm nuclear matrix may be necessary for the mouse paternal genome to participate in embryonic development. (4/9340)

The prokaryotic beta-recombinase catalyzes site-specific recombination in mammalian cells. (5/9340)

Genome reduction in a hemiclonal frog Rana esculenta from radioactively contaminated areas. (6/9340)

Sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic DNA, and mRNA expression of the medaka fish homolog of mammalian guanylyl cyclase C. (7/9340)

Cloning and characterization of RGS9-2: a striatal-enriched alternatively spliced product of the RGS9 gene. (8/9340)

No images available that match "genome"

Genome

Genome, Bacterial

Genome, Viral

Genome, Plant

Genome, Human

Genome, Mitochondrial

Genome, Fungal

Genome Size

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Genome, Archaeal

Phylogeny

Base Sequence

Genome, Insect

Evolution, Molecular

Genome, Protozoan

Genomics

Genome, Chloroplast

Chromosome Mapping

Genome, Helminth

Open Reading Frames

Genome, Plastid

Sequence Alignment

Synteny

Human Genome Project

DNA, Viral

Molecular Sequence Data

Gene Order

Computational Biology

Genetic Variation

Models, Genetic

Amino Acid Sequence

Databases, Genetic

Recombination, Genetic

Species Specificity

Multigene Family

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

Gene Duplication

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

RNA, Viral

Genes, Viral

Software

Molecular Sequence Annotation

DNA Transposable Elements

Base Composition

DNA, Mitochondrial

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Mutation

Cloning, Molecular

Contig Mapping

DNA, Bacterial

Conserved Sequence

DNA, Plant

Viral Proteins

Gene Transfer, Horizontal

Transcription, Genetic

Retroelements

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Databases, Nucleic Acid

Chromosomes, Plant

Expressed Sequence Tags

High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Pseudogenes

Physical Chromosome Mapping

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Algorithms

Biological Evolution

Virus Replication

Genomic Instability

Genes, Bacterial

Polyploidy

Genetic Markers

DNA

Gene Expression Profiling

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Genes, Plant

Genome, Microbial

Plasmids

Internet

Genome Components

Cell Line