AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Genetic VectorsInsect VectorsDisease VectorsGene Transfer TechniquesTransduction, GeneticAdenoviridaeDependovirusLentivirusArthropod VectorsSupport Vector MachinesTransgenesAnophelesRetroviridaeBase SequenceTransfectionMolecular Sequence DataCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionCell LineGreen Fluorescent ProteinsGenetic EngineeringArachnid VectorsHelper VirusesAedesMosquito ControlPromoter Regions, GeneticAdenovirus E1 Proteinsbeta-GalactosidaseInsect ControlLuminescent ProteinsCulicidaeGenes, ReporterAnopheles gambiaeCulexRecombination, GeneticEscherichia coliAdenoviruses, HumanInsecticidesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsDNA, RecombinantMalariaAmino Acid SequenceVirus IntegrationGene TargetingRecombinant ProteinsLac OperonTransformation, GeneticVirus ReplicationPolymerase Chain ReactionPsychodidaePhlebotomusTriatomaCells, CulturedMice, Inbred BALB CCeratopogonidaeTumor Cells, CulturedVaccines, SyntheticDNA PrimersInsecticide ResistanceDefective VirusesMice, Inbred C57BLKanamycin KinaseGene Expression RegulationMoloney murine leukemia virusDNATranscription, GeneticDNA, ViralCapsid ProteinsPyrethrinsMutationRestriction MappingGenes, BacterialHemipteraRNA, MessengerCoxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane ProteinAdenoviruses, SimianHeLa CellsPopulation DensityArtificial IntelligenceSimuliidaeLeukemia Virus, MurineDNA, ComplementaryGenome, ViralViral ProteinsThymidine KinaseTerminal Repeat SequencesTransformation, BacterialSpumavirusSequence Analysis, DNALarvaGene Expression Regulation, ViralCapsidAlgorithmsTime FactorsDengueGenes, ViralCell Line, TumorChagas Disease
Genetic Vectors: DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.Insect Vectors: Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Disease Vectors: Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.Gene Transfer Techniques: The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.Transduction, Genetic: The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.Adenoviridae: A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.Dependovirus: A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, which are dependent on a coinfection with helper adenoviruses or herpesviruses for their efficient replication. The type species is Adeno-associated virus 2.Lentivirus: A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE consisting of non-oncogenic retroviruses that produce multi-organ diseases characterized by long incubation periods and persistent infection. Lentiviruses are unique in that they contain open reading frames (ORFs) between the pol and env genes and in the 3' env region. Five serogroups are recognized, reflecting the mammalian hosts with which they are associated. HIV-1 is the type species.Arthropod Vectors: Arthropods, other than insects and arachnids, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Support Vector Machines: Learning algorithms which are a set of related supervised computer learning methods that analyze data and recognize patterns, and used for classification and regression analysis.Transgenes: Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Anopheles: A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.Retroviridae: Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Green Fluorescent Proteins: Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.Arachnid Vectors: Members of the class Arachnida, especially SPIDERS; SCORPIONS; MITES; and TICKS; which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.Helper Viruses: Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. Helper and satellite may be of the same or different genus.Aedes: A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.Mosquito Control: The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Adenovirus E1 Proteins: The very first viral gene products synthesized after cells are infected with adenovirus. The E1 region of the genome has been divided into two major transcriptional units, E1A and E1B, each expressing proteins of the same name (ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS and ADENOVIRUS E1B PROTEINS).beta-Galactosidase: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.Insect Control: The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.Luminescent Proteins: Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.Culicidae: A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.Genes, Reporter: Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.Anopheles gambiae: A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.Culex: A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.Recombination, Genetic: Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Adenoviruses, Human: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. Serotypes (named with Arabic numbers) have been grouped into species designated Human adenovirus A-F.Insecticides: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.DNA, Recombinant: Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.Malaria: A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Virus Integration: Insertion of viral DNA into host-cell DNA. This includes integration of phage DNA into bacterial DNA; (LYSOGENY); to form a PROPHAGE or integration of retroviral DNA into cellular DNA to form a PROVIRUS.Gene Targeting: The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Lac Operon: The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.Transformation, Genetic: Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Psychodidae: Small, hairy, moth-like flies which are of considerable public health importance as vectors of certain pathogenic organisms. Important disease-related genera are PHLEBOTOMUS, Lutzomyia, and Sergentomyia.Phlebotomus: A genus of PSYCHODIDAE which functions as the vector of a number of pathogenic organisms, including LEISHMANIA DONOVANI; LEISHMANIA TROPICA; Bartonella bacilliformis, and the Pappataci fever virus (SANDFLY FEVER NAPLES VIRUS).Triatoma: A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Mice, Inbred BALB CCeratopogonidae: A family of biting midges, in the order DIPTERA. It includes the genus Culicoides which transmits filarial parasites pathogenic to man and other primates.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Vaccines, Synthetic: Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Insecticide Resistance: The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.Defective Viruses: Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.Mice, Inbred C57BLKanamycin Kinase: A class of enzymes that inactivate aminocyclitol-aminoglycoside antibiotics (AMINOGLYCOSIDES) by regiospecific PHOSPHORYLATION of the 3' and/or 5' hydroxyl.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Moloney murine leukemia virus: A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) arising during the propagation of S37 mouse sarcoma, and causing lymphoid leukemia in mice. It also infects rats and newborn hamsters. It is apparently transmitted to embryos in utero and to newborns through mother's milk.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.Pyrethrins: The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Hemiptera: A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein: An Ig superfamily transmembrane protein that localizes to junctional complexes that occur between ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and EPTHELIAL CELLS. The protein may play a role in cell-cell adhesion and is the primary site for the attachment of ADENOVIRUSES during infection.Adenoviruses, Simian: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS associated with respiratory and enteric infections in primate hosts.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Population Density: Number of individuals in a population relative to space.Artificial Intelligence: Theory and development of COMPUTER SYSTEMS which perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, LEARNING; VISUAL PERCEPTION; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; reasoning, PROBLEM SOLVING, DECISION-MAKING, and translation of language.Simuliidae: Several species of the genus Simulium (family Simuliidae) that act as intermediate hosts (vectors) for the parasitic disease ONCHOCERCIASIS.Leukemia Virus, Murine: Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS, containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Genome, Viral: The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.Thymidine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.Terminal Repeat Sequences: Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.Transformation, Bacterial: The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by naked DNA from another source. The uptake of naked DNA is a naturally occuring phenomenon in some bacteria. It is often used as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.Spumavirus: Genus of non-oncogenic retroviruses which establish persistent infections in many animal species but are considered non-pathogenic. Its species have been isolated from primates (including humans), cattle, cats, hamsters, horses, and sea lions. Spumaviruses have a foamy or lace-like appearance and are often accompanied by syncytium formation. SIMIAN FOAMY VIRUS is the type species.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Larva: Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Dengue: An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.Genes, Viral: The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Chagas Disease: Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.

CAR-dependent and CAR-independent pathways of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer and expression in human fibroblasts. (1/23054)

Primary fibroblasts are not efficiently transduced by subgroup C adenovirus (Ad) vectors because they express low levels of the high-affinity Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). In the present study, we have used primary human dermal fibroblasts as a model to explore strategies by which Ad vectors can be designed to enter cells deficient in CAR. Using an Ad vector expressing the human CAR cDNA (AdCAR) at high multiplicity of infection, primary fibroblasts were converted from being CAR deficient to CAR sufficient. Efficiency of subsequent gene transfer by standard Ad5-based vectors and Ad5-based vectors with alterations in penton and fiber was evaluated. Marked enhancement of binding and transgene expression by standard Ad5 vectors was achieved in CAR-sufficient fibroblasts. Expression by AdDeltaRGDbetagal, an Ad5-based vector lacking the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) alphaV integrin recognition site from its penton base, was achieved in CAR-sufficient, but not CAR-deficient, cells. Fiber-altered Ad5-based vectors, including (a) AdF(pK7)betagal (bearing seven lysines on the end of fiber) (b) AdF(RGD)betagal (bearing a high-affinity RGD sequence on the end of fiber), and (c) AdF9sK betagal (bearing a short fiber and Ad9 knob), demonstrated enhanced gene transfer in CAR-deficient fibroblasts, with no further enhancement in CAR-sufficient fibroblasts. Together, these observations demonstrate that CAR deficiency on Ad targets can be circumvented either by supplying CAR or by modifying the Ad fiber to bind to other cell-surface receptors.  (+info)

C-myc overexpression and p53 loss cooperate to promote genomic instability. (2/23054)

p53 monitors genomic integrity at the G1 and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. Cells lacking p53 may show gene amplification as well as the polyploidy or aneuploidy typical of many tumors. The pathways through which this develops, however, are not well defined. We demonstrate here that the combination of p53 inactivation and c-myc overexpression in diploid cells markedly accelerates the spontaneous development of tetraploidy. This is not seen with either N-myc or L-myc. Tetraploidy is accompanied by significantly higher levels of cyclin B and its associated cdc2 kinase activity. Mitotic spindle poisons accelerate the appearance of tetraploidy in cells either lacking functional p53 or overexpressing c-myc whereas the combination is additive. Restoration of p53 function in cells overexpressing c-myc causing rapid apoptosis, indicating that cells yet to become tetraploid have nonetheless suffered irreversible genomic and/or mitotic spindle damage. In the face of normal p53 function, such damage would either be repaired or trigger apoptotis. We propose that loss of p53 and overexpression of c-myc permits the emergence and survival of cells with increasingly severe damage and the eventual development of tetraploidy.  (+info)

Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. (3/23054)

The introduction of simian virus 40 large T antigen (SVLT) into human primary cells enables them to proliferate beyond their normal replicative life span. In most cases, this temporary escape from senescence eventually ends in a second proliferative block known as "crisis," during which the cells cease growing or die. Rare immortalization events in which cells escape crisis are frequently correlated with the presence of telomerase activity. We tested the hypothesis that telomerase activation is the critical step in the immortalization process by studying the effects of telomerase activity in two mortal SVLT-Rasval12-transformed human pancreatic cell lines, TRM-6 and betalox5. The telomerase catalytic subunit, hTRT, was introduced into late-passage cells via retroviral gene transfer. Telomerase activity was successfully induced in infected cells, as demonstrated by a telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. In each of nine independent infections, telomerase-positive cells formed rapidly dividing cell lines while control cells entered crisis. Telomere lengths initially increased, but telomeres were then maintained at their new lengths for at least 20 population doublings. These results demonstrate that telomerase activity is sufficient to enable transformed cells to escape crisis and that telomere elongation in these cells occurs in a tightly regulated manner.  (+info)

Stabilization of poly-L-lysine/DNA polyplexes for in vivo gene delivery to the liver. (4/23054)

We are developing a self-assembling non-viral in vivo gene delivery vehicle based on poly-l-lysine and plasmid DNA. We have characterized poly-l-lysines of different chain lengths for DNA condensation and strength of DNA binding. Poly-l-lysine chains >20 residues bound DNA efficiently in physiological saline, while shorter chains did not. Attachment of asialoorosomucoid to PLL increased the PLL chain length required for efficient DNA binding in saline and for efficient DNA condensation. By electron microscopy, poly-l-lysine/DNA polyplexes appeared as toroids 25-50 nm in diameter or rods 40-80 nm long; conjugation of asialoorosomucoid to the polylysine component increased the size of resulting polyplexes to 50-90 nm. In water, poly-l-lysine and asialoorosomucoid-PLL polyplexes have effective diameters of 46 and 87.6 nm, respectively. Polyplexes containing only poly-l-lysine and DNA aggregated in physiological saline at all charge ratios and aggregated at neutral charge ratios in water. Attachment of asialoorosomucoid lessened, but did not eliminate, the aggregation of PLL polyplexes, and did not result in efficient delivery of polyplexes to hepatocytes. Conjugation of polyethylene glycol to poly-l-lysine sterically stabilized resulting polyplexes at neutral charge ratios by shielding the surfaces. For efficient in vivo gene delivery, polyplexes will need to be sterically stabilized to prevent aggregation and interaction with serum components.  (+info)

Deletion of multiple immediate-early genes from herpes simplex virus reduces cytotoxicity and permits long-term gene expression in neurons. (5/23054)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has many attractive features that suggest its utility for gene transfer to neurons. However, viral cytotoxicity and transient transgene expression limit practical applications even in the absence of viral replication. Mutant viruses deleted for the immediate early (IE) gene, ICP4, an essential transcriptional transactivator, are toxic to many cell types in culture in which only the remaining IE genes are expressed. In order to test directly the toxicity of other IE gene products in neurons and develop a mutant background capable of longterm transgene expression, we generated mutants deleted for multiple IE genes in various combinations and tested their relative cytotoxicity in 9L rat gliosarcoma cells, Vero monkey kidney cells, and primary rat cortical and dorsal root neurons in culture. Viral mutants deleted simultaneously for the IE genes encoding ICP4, ICP22 and ICP27 showed substantially reduced cytotoxicity compared with viruses deleted for ICP4 alone or ICP4 in combination with either ICP22, ICP27 or ICP47. Infection of neurons in culture with these triple IE deletion mutants substantially enhanced cell survival and permitted transgene expression for over 21 days. Such mutants may prove useful for efficient gene transfer and extended transgene expression in neurons in vitro and in vivo.  (+info)

Inducible long-term gene expression in brain with adeno-associated virus gene transfer. (6/23054)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors hold promise for treating a number of neurological disorders due to the ability to deliver long-term gene expression without toxicity or immune response. Critical to these endeavors will be controlled expression of the therapeutic gene in target cells. We have constructed and tested a dual cassette rAAV vector carrying a reporter gene under the control of the tetracycline-responsive system and the tetracycline transactivator. Transduction in vitro resulted in stable expression from the vector that can be suppressed 20-fold by tetracycline treatment. In vivo experiments, carried out to 6 weeks, demonstrated that vector-transduced expression is sustained until doxycycline administration upon which reporter gene expression is reduced. Moreover, the suppression of vector-driven expression can be reversed by removal of the drug. These studies demonstrate long-term regulated gene expression from rAAV vectors. This system will provide a valuable approach for controlling vector gene expression both in vitro and in vivo.  (+info)

Adenoviral gene transfer into the normal and injured spinal cord: enhanced transgene stability by combined administration of temperature-sensitive virus and transient immune blockade. (7/23054)

This study characterized gene transfer into both normal and injured adult rat dorsal spinal cord using first (E1-/E3-) or second (E1-/E2A125/E3-, temperature-sensitive; ts) generation of replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors. A novel immunosuppressive regimen aimed at blocking CD4/CD45 lymphocytic receptors was tested for improving transgene persistence. In addition, the effect of gene transfer on nociception was also evaluated. Seven days after treatment, numerous LacZ-positive cells were observed after transfection with either viral vector. By 21 days after transfection, beta-galactosidase staining was reduced and suggestive of ongoing cytopathology in both Ad-treated groups, despite the fact that the immunogenicity of LacZ/Adts appeared less when compared with that elicited by the LacZ/Ad vector. In contrast, immunosuppressed animals showed a significant (P < or = 0.05) increase in the number of LacZ-positive cells not displaying cytopathology. In these animals, a concomitant reduction in numbers of macrophages/microglia and CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes was observed. Only animals that received LacZ/Adts and immunosuppression showed transgene expression after 60 days. Similar results were observed in animals in which the L4-L5 dorsal roots were lesioned before transfection. Gene transfer into the dorsal spinal cord did not affect nociception, independent of the adenovirus vector. These results indicate that immune blockade of the CD4/CD45 lymphocytic receptors enhanced transgene stability in adult animals with normal or injured spinal cords and that persistent transgene expression in the spinal cord does not interfere with normal neural function.  (+info)

Antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express Fas ligand (FasL). (8/23054)

Fas ligand is a type II transmembrane protein which can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing cells. Recent reports indicate that expression of FasL in transplanted cells may cause graft rejection and, on the other hand, tumor cells may lose their tumorigenicity when they are engineered to express FasL. These effects could be related to recruitment of neutrophils by FasL with activation of their cytotoxic machinery. In this study we investigated the antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express FasL. Fibroblasts engineered to express FasL (PA317/FasL) did not exert toxic effects on transformed liver cell line (BNL) or colon cancer cell line (CT26) in vitro, but they could abrogate their tumorigenicity in vivo. Histological examination of the site of implantation of BNL cells mixed with PA317/FasL revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells. A specific immune protective effect was observed in animals primed with a mixture of BNL or CT26 and PA317/FasL cells. Rechallenge with tumor cells 14 or 100 days after priming resulted in protection of 100 or 50% of animals, respectively. This protective effect was due to CD8+ cells since depletion of CD8+ led to tumor formation. In addition, treatment of pre-established BNL tumors with a subcutaneous injection of BNL and PA317/FasL cell mixture at a distant site caused significant inhibition of tumor growth. These data demonstrate that allogenic cells engineered with FasL are able to abolish tumor growth and induce specific protective immunity when they are mixed with neoplastic cells.  (+info)

Expression-independent gene trap vectors for random and targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells : Nucleic Acids Research -...Expression-independent gene trap vectors for random and targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells : Nucleic Acids Research -...
Promoterless gene trap vectors have been widely used for high-efficiency gene targeting and random mutagenesis in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Unfortunately, such vectors are only effective for genes expressed in ES cells and this has prompted the development of expression-independent vectors. These polyadenylation (poly A) trap vectors employ a splice donor to capture an endogenous genes polyadenylation sequence and provide transcript stability. However, the spectrum of mutations generated by these vectors appears largely restricted to the last intron of target loci due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) making them unsuitable for gene targeting applications. Here, we present novel poly A trap vectors that overcome the effect of NMD and also employ RNA instability sequences to improve splicing efficiency. The set of random insertions generated with these vectors show a significantly reduced insertional bias and the vectors can be targeted directly to a 5′ intron. We also show that this ...
Transductional Targeting with Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors | Bentham ScienceTransductional Targeting with Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors | Bentham Science
Title: Transductional Targeting with Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors. VOLUME: 2 ISSUE: 3. Author(s):Valerie Legrand, Philippe Leissner, Arend Winter, Majid Mehtali and Monika Lusky. Affiliation:CAREXS.A., 11 rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France. Keywords:Adenovirus Vectors, TROPISM, Fiber Protein, Monoclonal antibody. Abstract: Replication-deficient adenoviruses are considered as gene delivery vectors for the genetic treatment of a variety of diseases. The ability of such vectors to mediate efficient expression of therapeutic genes in a broad spectrum of dividing and non-dividing cell types constitutes an advantage over alternative gene transfer vectors. However, this broad tissue tropism may also turn disadvantageous when genes encoding potentially harmful proteins (e.g. cytokines, toxic proteins) are expressed in surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, specific restrictions of the viral tropism would represent a significant technological advance towards safer and more efficient gene delivery ...
Retrograde transfer of replication deficient recombinant adenovirus vector in the central nervous system for tracing studies<...Retrograde transfer of replication deficient recombinant adenovirus vector in the central nervous system for tracing studies<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Retrograde transfer of replication deficient recombinant adenovirus vector in the central nervous system for tracing studies. AU - Kuo, Hui. AU - Ingram, Donald K.. AU - Crystal, Ronald. AU - Mastrangeli, Andrea. PY - 1995/12/24. Y1 - 1995/12/24. N2 - We assessed the application of a replication deficient recombinant adenovirus vector as a retrograde tracer in neural pathway studies. The adenovirus vector, Ad.RSVBgal, containing the intracellular marker gene, β-galactosidase, was injected directly into the laterodorsal striatum of rats. The retrograde transport of the vector from the injection site was clearly visible in the cerebral cortex, thalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra. No evidence for anterograde transport of the vector was found. When the vector was injected into the genu of the corpus callosum, little uptake of the vector by fibers was noted which suggested that uptake by fibers-of-passage should not be a problem in tracing studies. The present study demonstrates ...
Approaches to Blocking the Immune Response to Gene Transfer with Viral Vectors | Frontiers Research TopicApproaches to Blocking the Immune Response to Gene Transfer with Viral Vectors | Frontiers Research Topic
Viral vectors are superior tools for gene therapy and as a genetic vaccine platform because viruses have evolved to efficiently infect and transfer their genomes to cells. Several impressive successes in viral vector-based gene therapies have been reported in humans, including restoration of vision in patients with Lebers congenital amaurosis by retinal gene transfer and cures for severe immune deficiencies by gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells. However, the mammalian immune system has evolved in parallel to fend off invading pathogens such as viruses. Innate and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses against viral vectors and therapeutic transgene products pose serious hurdles for successful gene therapy. Pre-existing immunity in humans, resulting from prior exposure to the parent virus that forms the basis for the gene transfer vehicle may be derived from, often prevents efficient gene transfer. This problem also reduces our ability to use certain vectors for genetic vaccination or in anti
Multifactorial optimization of a lentiviral vector transfection/transduction system for improved vector titre and robustness |...Multifactorial optimization of a lentiviral vector transfection/transduction system for improved vector titre and robustness |...
Oxford Biomedica used Antha to optimize their lentiviral vector transfection/transduction system and improve production efficiency and robustness. This resulted in ~40 hours of time saving, a 3-10-fold increase in vector titre upon transduction and an 81% reduction in pure error.
Vector construction. Construction of recombinant adenov | Open-iVector construction. Construction of recombinant adenov | Open-i
Vector construction. Construction of recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing human IL12 under control of doxycycline by calcium phosphate-mediated coprecipita
pSiM24 is a Novel Versatile Gene Expression Vector for Transient Assay by Dipak K. Sahoo, Nrisingha Dey et al."pSiM24 is a Novel Versatile Gene Expression Vector for Transient Assay" by Dipak K. Sahoo, Nrisingha Dey et al.
We have constructed a small and highly efficient binary Ti vector pSiM24 for plant transformation with maximum efficacy. In the pSiM24 vector, the size of the backbone of the early binary vector pKYLXM24 (GenBank Accession No. HM036220; a derivative of pKYLX71) was reduced from 12.8 kb to 7.1 kb. The binary vector pSiM24 is composed of the following genetic elements: left and right T-DNA borders, a modified full-length transcript promoter (M24) of Mirabilis mosaic virus with duplicated enhancer domains, three multiple cloning sites, a 3rbcsE9 terminator, replication functions for Escherichia coli (ColE1) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (pRK2-OriV) and the replicase trfA gene, selectable marker genes for kanamycin resistance (nptII) and ampicillin resistance (bla). The pSiM24 plasmid offers a wide selection of cloning sites, high copy numbers in E. coli and a high cloning capacity for easily manipulating different genetic elements. It has been fully tested in transferring transgenes such as green
The murine stem cell virus (MSCV) promoter exhibits activity in mouse - Polo-Like Kinases and Aurora Kinases in Cancer TherapyThe murine stem cell virus (MSCV) promoter exhibits activity in mouse - Polo-Like Kinases and Aurora Kinases in Cancer Therapy
The murine stem cell virus (MSCV) promoter exhibits activity in mouse hematopoietic cells and embryonic stem cells. respectively. The strength of the GFP fluorescence in the body was comparable to the proportion of GFP-positive leukocytes. Moreover, the rate of recurrence of the GFP-expressing leukocytes was significantly correlated with the frequency of GFP-expressing Purkinje cells. These results suggest that the MSCV promoter is useful for preferentially expressing a transgene in Purkinje cells. In addition, the proportion of transduced leukocytes in the peripheral circulation reflects the expression level of the transgene in Purkinje Rabbit Polyclonal to PPP2R3B cells, which can be used as a way to monitor transgene expression properties in the cerebellum without invasive techniques. Introduction The Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-based retrovirus vector has been widely used to transfer genes into dividing eukaryotic cells [1]. MoMLV and MoMLV-derived retroviral vectors are not active ...
British Library EThOS: Process development of lentiviral vector expression, purification and formulation for gene therapy...British Library EThOS: Process development of lentiviral vector expression, purification and formulation for gene therapy...
There is growing interest in the use of lentiviral vectors, particularly for cancer immunotherapy and the treatment of monogenic diseases. Manufacturing of these vectors is challenging primarily due to cytotoxic effects of vector components resulting in low cell culture titres and vector instability leading to low purification yields. In addition, currently used processes are typically not scalable as they rely on adherently cultured cells and unit operations such as batch centrifugation and gel filtration. To improve process scalability, suspension adaptation of a lentiviral vector packaging cell line was attempted, however, cell aggregation could not be prevented. For vector clarification it was found that membranes with pore sizes of 0.22 µm resulted in recoveries less than 50%, whereas the use of 0.45 µm membranes resulted in recoveries close to 100%. Successful vector concentration utilising centrifugal filters was possible with a membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa, ...
Human cytomegalovirus plasmid-based amplicon vector system for gene therapy | Genetic Vaccines and Therapy | Full TextHuman cytomegalovirus plasmid-based amplicon vector system for gene therapy | Genetic Vaccines and Therapy | Full Text
We have constructed and evaluated the utility of a helper-dependent virus vector system that is derived from Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This vector is based on the herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon system and contains the HCMV orthologs of the two cis-acting functions required for replication and packaging of HSV genomes, the complex HCMV viral DNA replication origin (oriLyt), and the cleavage packaging signal (the a sequence). The HCMV amplicon vector replicated independently and was packaged into infectious virions in the presence of helper virus. This vector is capable of delivering and expressing foreign genes in infected cells including progenitor cells such as human CD34+ cells. Packaged defective viral genomes were passaged serially in fibroblasts and could be detected at passage 3; however, the copy number appeared to diminish upon serial passage. The HCMV amplicon offers an alternative vector strategy useful for gene(s) delivery to cells of the hematopoietic lineage.
A Cytoplasmic RNA Vector Derived from Nontransmissible Sendai Virus with Efficient Gene Transfer and Expression | Journal of...A Cytoplasmic RNA Vector Derived from Nontransmissible Sendai Virus with Efficient Gene Transfer and Expression | Journal of...
The development of a reverse genetic system has enabled the genetic engineering of negative-strand RNA viruses. This system has been used to analyze the function of viral genes and to construct recombinant viruses which express foreign proteins. In this study, we made an improvement to this system by devising a new method to generate the F-defective SeV vector from a cloned cDNA of a defective RNA genome. This is the first report on constructing a replicon-based RNA vector in the family Paramyxoviridae which replicates in infected cells but does not infect neighboring cells. The improvements achieved in this study are (i) optimization of RNP recovery efficiency by using a UV-inactivated recombinant vaccinia virus expressing T7 RNA polymerase, (ii) construction of an inducible F-expressing packaging LLC-MK2 cell line supplemented with the F protein intrans, and (iii) development of a transfection process for RNP recovered from LLC-MK2 cells. An attempt to recover the F-defective SeV vector ...
北京大学医学部机构知识库(IR@PKUHSC): Adenovirus vector-mediated expression of TMEM166 inhibits human cancer cell growth by autophagy and...北京大学医学部机构知识库([email protected]): Adenovirus vector-mediated expression of TMEM166 inhibits human cancer cell growth by autophagy and...
TMEM166 is a novel programmed cell death-related molecule. In this report, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus 5-TMEM166 vector (Ad5-TMEM166) and evaluated its expression and anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability analysis revealed that the adenovirus-mediated increase of TMEM166 inhibited tumor cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was mediated by both autophagy (via inhibition of mTOR and activation of p70S6K) and apoptosis (via caspase-3 activation), both of which contributed to cell death and suppression of tumorigenicity. Our data indicated that Ad5-TMEM166 may be a novel gene therapy candidate for cancer. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. ...
Improved adenoviral vector for vascular gene therapy : beneficial effects on vascular function and inflammation. - CLAHRCImproved adenoviral vector for vascular gene therapy : beneficial effects on vascular function and inflammation. - CLAHRC
First-generation, E1-deleted adenoviral vectors (E1-AV) can transduce the vascular endothelium with high efficiency, but their use is limited by the resulting acute endothelial injury and the long-term development of intimal hyperplasia. To reduce the impact of viral proteins on the gene-modified cells, a second-generation adenoviral vector with an additional pair of deletions in the E4 region was developed. To determine whether this E1/E4-AV vector would be useful for vascular gene transfer, we directly compared the efficiency of gene transfer to uninjured rabbit carotid arteries using either an E1/E4-AV or an E1-AV vector encoding beta-galactosidase. Both vectors efficiently transduced vascular endothelium; however, the E1/E4-AV vector gene-modified vessels showed higher beta-galactosidase expression 10 days after gene transfer. Importantly, the E1/E4-AV vector produced substantially less endothelial cell activation, less inflammation, and reduced neointimal hyperplasia compared with the E1-AV vector
viral vector technology platform Archives - Biotech 365viral vector technology platform Archives - Biotech 365
Sirion Biotech offers one of the most comprehensive viral vector technology platforms addressing all three major vector types (adenovirus, lentivirus and AAV). Services range from custom virus design to virus vector productions and cell modelling projects, including superior gene knockdown strategies (RNAiONE) and multicistronic expression systems.. ...
viral vector technology Archives - Biotech 365viral vector technology Archives - Biotech 365
Sirion Biotech offers one of the most comprehensive viral vector technology platforms addressing all three major vector types (adenovirus, lentivirus and AAV). Services range from custom virus design to virus vector productions and cell modelling projects, including superior gene knockdown strategies (RNAiONE) and multicistronic expression systems.. ...
Detection of plasmid DNA vectors following gene transfer to the murine airways. - Radcliffe Department of MedicineDetection of plasmid DNA vectors following gene transfer to the murine airways. - Radcliffe Department of Medicine
Non-viral gene therapy is being considered as a treatment for cystic fibrosis. In clinical studies and in studies using the mouse airways as a model, current formulations result in only transient transgene expression. A number of reasons for this have been proposed including the loss of plasmid DNA from cells. The aim of these studies was to investigate why transgene expression from non-viral vectors is transient in the mouse lung. Plasmid DNA encoding the luciferase reporter gene was complexed with the cationic lipid GL67 and delivered to the mouse airways. The persistence of plasmid DNA in the mouse lungs was investigated using quantitative PCR and Southern hybridization. Results showed that intact plasmid DNA persisted in the mouse lung in the absence of any detectable luciferase activity. The de novo methylation of plasmid DNA in vivo was investigated as a potential cause of this transient gene expression but results suggested that plasmid DNA does not become de novo methylated in the mouse lung.
Development and evaluation of non-viral gene delivery vectors and their combination with hydrogel scaffold technologyDevelopment and evaluation of non-viral gene delivery vectors and their combination with hydrogel scaffold technology
Nanotechnology-based non-viral vectors have emerged as promising alternatives to viruses to carry genetic material into target cells due to their ability to overcome many limitations of viral vectors. Although very efficient, viruses present low carrying capacity, expensive and complex production and, most importantly, safety issues related to immunogenic responses and even oncogenesis when randomly integrated in the host genome. In this regard, non-viral vectors present lower immunogenicity, higher nucleic acid packing capacity and ease of fabrication compared to their viral counterparts. In addition, continuous advances in the fields of material science and nano-engineering as well as the diversity of available nanosized material allows the design of multifunctional vectors specifically tailored for different applications. Although most conventional gene therapy strategies based on gene addition use viral vectors, nowadays non-viral vectors are predominant in new investigations based on gene ...
Design and cloning strategies for constructing shRNA expression vectors | BMC Biotechnology | Full TextDesign and cloning strategies for constructing shRNA expression vectors | BMC Biotechnology | Full Text
Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) encoded within an expression vector has proven an effective means of harnessing the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in mammalian cells. A survey of the literature revealed that shRNA vector construction can be hindered by high mutation rates and the ensuing sequencing is often problematic. Current options for constructing shRNA vectors include the use of annealed complementary oligonucleotides (74 % of surveyed studies), a PCR approach using hairpin containing primers (22 %) and primer extension of hairpin templates (4 %). We considered primer extension the most attractive method in terms of cost. However, in initial experiments we encountered a mutation frequency of 50 % compared to a reported 20 - 40 % for other strategies. By modifying the technique to be an isothermal reaction using the DNA polymerase Phi29, we reduced the error rate to 10 %, making primer extension the most efficient and cost-effective approach tested. We also found that inclusion of a restriction site in
Gene Therapy: Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Gene Therapy (With Diagram)Gene Therapy: Ex-Vivo and In-Vivo Gene Therapy (With Diagram)
Many viral vector systems have been developed for gene delivery. These include retroviruses, adenoviruses, adenoassociated viruses and herpes simplex virus. Retrovirus vector system: Replication defective retrovirus vectors that are harmless are being used. A plasmid in association with a retrovirus, a therapeutic gene and a promoter is referred to as plasmovirus. The plasmovirus is capable of carrying a DNA (therapeutic gene) of size less than 3.4 kb. Replication defective virus particles can be produced from the plasmovirus. As such, for the delivery of genes by retroviral vectors, the target cells must be in a dividing stage. But majority of the body cells are quiescent. In recent years, viral vectors have been engineered to infect non-dividing cells. Further, attempts are on to include a DNA in the retroviral vectors (by engineering env gene) that encodes for cell receptor protein. If this is successfully achieved, the retroviral vector will specifically infect the target tissues. Adenoviral ...
NIH researchers create new viral vector for improved gene therapy in sickle cell disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood...NIH researchers create new viral vector for improved gene therapy in sickle cell disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood...
The researchers tested the new vectors in mice and monkeys and compared the results to reverse-oriented vectors. They found that the new vectors could transfer a much higher viral load-up to six times more therapeutic beta-globin genes than the conventional vectors-and had four to 10 times higher transduction efficiency, a measure of the ability to incorporate corrective genes into repopulating bone marrow cells. The new vectors also showed a capacity for longevity, remaining in place four years after transplantation. Researchers also found that they could be produced in much higher amounts than the conventional vectors, potentially saving time and lowering costs associated with large-scale vector production.. "Our lab has been working on improving beta-globin vectors for almost a decade…and finally decided to try something radically different-and it worked," Tisdale said. "These findings bring us closer to a curative gene therapy approach for hemoglobin disorders.". The new vector, for which ...
Infectious delivery and long-term persistence of transgene expression in the brain by a 135-kb iBAC-FXN genomic DNA expression...Infectious delivery and long-term persistence of transgene expression in the brain by a 135-kb iBAC-FXN genomic DNA expression...
Novel gene-based therapies for disease will depend in many cases on long-term persistent transgene expression. To develop gene therapy strategies for Friedreichs ataxia (FRDA), we have examined the persistence of transgene expression in the brain in vivo provided by the entire 135 kb FXN genomic DNA locus delivered as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (iBAC) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based vector injected in the adult mouse cerebellum. We constructed genomic DNA-reporter fusion vectors carrying a complete 135 kb FXN genomic locus with an insertion of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene at the ATG start codon (iBAC-FXN-lacZ). SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cells transduced by iBAC-FXN-lacZ showed high efficiency of vector delivery and LacZ expression. Direct intracranial injection of iBAC-FXN-lacZ into the adult mouse cerebellum resulted in a large number of easily detectable transduced cells, with LacZ expression driven by the FXN genomic locus, which persisted for at least 75 days. Green
A fragmented adeno-associated viral dual vector strategy for treatment of diseases caused by mutations in large genes leads to...A fragmented adeno-associated viral dual vector strategy for treatment of diseases caused by mutations in large genes leads to...
OBJECTIVE: Dual vector AAV systems are being utilised to enable gene therapy for disorders in which the disease gene is too large to fit into a single capsid. Fragmented adeno-associated viral (fAAV) vectors containing single inverted terminal repeat truncated transgenes have been considered as one such gene replacement strategy. Here we aim to add to the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms employed by fAAV dual vector systems. METHODS: Oversized (|8kb) transgene constructs containingABCA4coding sequence were packaged as truncated fragments |5kb in size into various AAV serotypes.In vitrotransductions with these fAAV vector preparations were conducted with mRNA and protein expression products assessed by way of RT-PCR, qPCR and western blot techniques. RESULTS: Transductions with fAAV vector preparations yieldedABCA4mRNA, but did not generate detectable levels of protein. Sequencing of the transcript population revealed the presence of full lengthABCA4CDS with additional
Multiple cloning site - WikipediaMultiple cloning site - Wikipedia
A multiple cloning site (MCS), also called a polylinker, is a short segment of DNA which contains many (up to ~20) restriction sites - a standard feature of engineered plasmids. Restriction sites within an MCS are typically unique, occurring only once within a given plasmid. MCSs are commonly used during procedures involving molecular cloning or subcloning. Extremely useful in biotechnology, bioengineering, and molecular genetics, MCSs let a molecular biologist insert a piece of DNA or several pieces of DNA into the region of the MCS. This can be used to create transgenic organisms, also known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). One bacterial plasmid used in genetic engineering as a plasmid cloning vector is pUC18. Its polylinker region is composed of several restriction enzyme recognition sites, that have been engineered into a single cluster (the polylinker). It has restriction sites for various restriction enzymes, including EcoRI, BamHI and PstI. Another vector used in genetic ...
Viruses | Free Full-Text | The Role of Chromatin in Adenoviral Vector Function | NotesViruses | Free Full-Text | The Role of Chromatin in Adenoviral Vector Function | Notes
Vectors based on adenovirus (Ad) are one of the most commonly utilized platforms for gene delivery to cells in molecular biology studies and in gene therapy applications. Ad is also the most popular vector system in human clinical gene therapy trials, largely due to its advantageous characteristics such as high cloning capacity (up to 36 kb), ability to infect a wide variety of cell types and tissues, and relative safety due to it remaining episomal in transduced cells. The latest generation of Ad vectors, helper‑dependent Ad (hdAd), which are devoid of all viral protein coding sequences, can mediate high-level expression of a transgene for years in a variety of species ranging from rodents to non-human primates. Given the importance of histones and chromatin in modulating gene expression within the host cell, it is not surprising that Ad, a nuclear virus, also utilizes these proteins to protect the genome and modulate virus- or vector‑encoded genes. In this review, we will discuss our current
High levels of foreign gene expression in hepatocytes after tail vein injections of naked plasmid DNAHigh levels of foreign gene expression in hepatocytes after tail vein injections of naked plasmid DNA
We have previously shown that the intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA enables foreign gene expression in muscle. Further studies showed that the intravascular delivery of naked plasmid DNA enables high levels of expression not only in muscle but also in hepatocytes. For the liver, this tech …
About Lentivirus | UCSF ViraCoreAbout Lentivirus | UCSF ViraCore
Functional titer is defined as the number of functional vector particles required to infect a cell, present in a volume. There are several methods for measuring titer. Some are more reliable than others. Other methods include: measuring the p24 concentration/ml, measuring RNA equivalents, Transducing units/ml, or measuring mRNA equivalents. The first two are unreliable because they tend to overestimate the vector titer. The amount of p24 measured comes from functional particles, free p24, and nonfunctional vector particles. The RNA assays measure defective particles as well.. Reliable methods are determined by transduction of cells following limiting dilution of vector and subsequent evaluation of reporter protein activity (eGFP) or by the number of colonies following antibiotic selection.. The most straightforward method is to quantify functional vector titer by employing fluorescence and FACs. This is the method employed by the ViraCore. The method does have some limitations including being ...
Subcloning - WikipediaSubcloning - Wikipedia
In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular DNA sequence from a parent vector to a destination vector. Subcloning is not to be confused with molecular cloning, a related technique. Restriction enzymes are used to excise the gene of interest (the insert) from the parent. The insert is purified in order to isolate it from other DNA molecules. A common purification method is gel isolation. The number of copies of the gene is then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Simultaneously, the same restriction enzymes are used to digest (cut) the destination. The idea behind using the same restriction enzymes is to create complementary sticky ends, which will facilitate ligation later on. A phosphatase, commonly calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP), is also added to prevent self-ligation of the destination vector. The digested destination vector is isolated/purified. The insert and the destination vector are then mixed together with DNA ligase. A typical ...
In vivo stable transduction of humanized liver tissue in chimeric mice via high-capacity adenovirus-lentivirus hybrid vector<...In vivo stable transduction of humanized liver tissue in chimeric mice via high-capacity adenovirus-lentivirus hybrid vector<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vivo stable transduction of humanized liver tissue in chimeric mice via high-capacity adenovirus-lentivirus hybrid vector. AU - Kubo, Shuji. AU - Kataoka, Miho. AU - Tateno, Chise. AU - Yoshizato, Katsutoshi. AU - Kawasaki, Yoshiko. AU - Kimura, Takahiro. AU - Faure-Kumar, Emmanuelle. AU - Palmer, Donna J.. AU - Ng, Philip. AU - Okamura, Haruki. AU - Kasahara, Noriyuki. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - We developed hybrid vectors employing high-capacity adenovirus as a first-stage carrier encoding all the components required for in situ production of a second-stage lentivirus, thereby achieving stable transgene expression in secondary target cells. Such vectors have never previously been tested in normal tissues, because of the scarcity of suitable in vivo systems permissive for second-stage lentivirus assembly. Here we employed a novel murine model in which endogenous liver tissue is extensively reconstituted with engrafted human hepatocytes, and successfully achieved ...
Retroviral vectors and transposons for stable gene therapy: advances, current challenges and perspectives | Journal of...Retroviral vectors and transposons for stable gene therapy: advances, current challenges and perspectives | Journal of...
There are currently over 417 human clinical trials involving retroviral gene therapy registered in the Journal of Gene Medicine database (http://www.abedia.com/wiley/vectors.php, accessed in July, 2016). The first successful gene therapy protocol occurred in the 1990s. In that protocol, two patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency were treated with a retroviral vector carrying the ADA coding sequence under the transcriptional control of the promoter/enhancers of the long terminal repeat of the MLV. ADA disease is characterized by defective T and natural killer cell maturations as well as low B cell function, causing recurrent infections. In this pioneer trial, one of the treated patients recovered cell counts and function, showing no adverse effects after 4 years. The response was more limited in the second patient primarily due to lower transduction efficacy; however, other causes could have contribute to this low efficiency such as ...
high efficiency vector using right value reference and std::move - Bill Yuhigh efficiency vector using right value reference and std::move - Bill Yu
include ,iostream, #include ,cstdlib, #include ,cstring, using namespace std; class Element { private: int number; public: Element() : number(0) { cout ,, "ctor" ,, endl; } Element(int num) : number(num) { cout ,, "ctor" ,, endl; } Element(const Element& e) : number(e.number) { cout ,, "copy ctor" ,, endl; } Element(Element&& e) : number(e.number) { cout ,, "right value ctor" ,, endl; } ~Element() { cout ,, "dtor" ,, endl; } void operator=(const Element& item) { number = item.number; } bool operator==(const Element& item) { return (number == item.number); } void operator()() { cout ,, number; } int GetNumber() { return number; } }; template,typename T, class Vector { private: T* items; int count; public: Vector() : count{ 0 }, items{ nullptr } { } Vector(const Vector& vector) : count{vector.count} { items = static_cast,T*,(malloc(sizeof(T) * count)); memcpy(items, vector.items, sizeof(T) * count); } Vector(Vector&& vector) :count{ vector.count }, items{ vector.items } { vector.items = nullptr; ...
Difference between revisions of Vectors - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of "Vectors" - OpenWetWare
You can often find vector information at NCBI, either directly or in their list of vectors screened for contamination of new sequence at Vecscreen. VectorDB contains information about many common vectors, including yeast vectors. The EMBL Hamburg outstation maintains a large database of vectors. I.M.A.G.E. Consortium Vectors contains information about plasmids commonly used in EST collections such as those sold by OpenBioSystems and Invitrogen. For eukaryotic vectors (Fish, Xenopus) see Minnesota. The Forsburg Lab maintains a list of Fisson Yeast vectors. Promega maintains a list of their vectors. NEB maintains a list of common vectors. Epicentre also maintains its own list. Lucigen provides transcription-free vectors for cloning AT-rich and other difficult DNAs. Addgenes Vector DB contains most of the information from Stanfords VectorDB, plus more vector information they have curated from commercial websites and added through our plasmid curation efforts. (However, it seems to be rather ...
Targeting tumor neoangiogenesis via targeted adenoviral vector to achieve effective cancer gene therapy for disseminated...Targeting tumor neoangiogenesis via targeted adenoviral vector to achieve effective cancer gene therapy for disseminated...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Targeting tumor neoangiogenesis via targeted adenoviral vector to achieve effective cancer gene therapy for disseminated neoplastic disease. AU - Lee, Myungeun. AU - Lu, Zhi Hong. AU - Li, Jie. AU - Kashentseva, Elena A.. AU - Dmitriev, Igor P.. AU - Mendonca, Samir A.. AU - Curiel, David T.. PY - 2020/3. Y1 - 2020/3. N2 - The application of cancer gene therapy has heretofore been restricted to local, or locoregional, neoplastic disease contexts. This is owing to the lack of gene transfer vectors, which embody the requisite target cell selectivity in vivo required for metastatic disease applications. To this end, we have explored novel vector engineering paradigms to adapt adenovirus for this purpose. Our novel strategy exploits three distinct targeting modalities that operate in functional synergy. Transcriptional targeting is achieved via the hROBO4 promoter, which restricts transgene expression to proliferative vascular endothelium. Viral binding is modified by incorporation ...
Induction of endogenous genes following infection of human endothelial cells with an E1<sup>-</sup> E4<sup>+</sup> adenovirus...Induction of endogenous genes following infection of human endothelial cells with an E1<sup>-</sup> E4<sup>+</sup> adenovirus...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Induction of endogenous genes following infection of human endothelial cells with an E1- E4+ adenovirus gene transfer vector. AU - Ramalingam, Ramachandran. AU - Rafii, Shahin. AU - Worgall, Stefan. AU - Hackett, Neil R.. AU - Crystal, Ronald. PY - 1999/12/1. Y1 - 1999/12/1. N2 - Recombinant adenovirus (Ad) gene transfer vectors are effective at transferring exogenous genes to a variety of cells and tissue types both in vitro and in vivo. However, in the process of gene transfer, the Ad vectors induce the expression of target cell genes, some of which may modify the function of the target cell and/or alter the local milieu. To develop a broader understanding of Ad vector-mediated induction of endogenous gene expression, genes induced by first-generation E1- E4+ Ad vectors in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells were identified by cDNA subtraction cloning. The identified cDNAs included signaling molecules (lymphoid blast crisis [LBC], guanine nucleotide binding-protein ...
Neuromics: January 2016Neuromics: January 2016
SB vs Viral Based Methods: "Successful gene therapy largely depends on the selective introduction of therapeutic genes into the appropriate target cancer cells. One of the most effective and promising approaches for targeting tumor tissue during gene delivery is the use of viral vectors, which allow for high efficiency gene delivery. However, the use of viral vectors is not without risks and safety concerns, such as toxicities, a host immune response towards the viral antigens or potential viral recombination into the hosts chromosome; these risks limit the clinical application of viral vectors. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-based system is an attractive, non-viral alternative to viral delivery systems. SB may be less immunogenic than the viral vector system due to its lack of viral sequences. The SB-based gene delivery system can stably integrate into the host cell genome to produce the therapeutic gene product over the lifetime of a cell. However, when compared to viral vectors, the ...
Neuromics: January 2016Neuromics: January 2016
SB vs Viral Based Methods: "Successful gene therapy largely depends on the selective introduction of therapeutic genes into the appropriate target cancer cells. One of the most effective and promising approaches for targeting tumor tissue during gene delivery is the use of viral vectors, which allow for high efficiency gene delivery. However, the use of viral vectors is not without risks and safety concerns, such as toxicities, a host immune response towards the viral antigens or potential viral recombination into the hosts chromosome; these risks limit the clinical application of viral vectors. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon-based system is an attractive, non-viral alternative to viral delivery systems. SB may be less immunogenic than the viral vector system due to its lack of viral sequences. The SB-based gene delivery system can stably integrate into the host cell genome to produce the therapeutic gene product over the lifetime of a cell. However, when compared to viral vectors, the ...
Adenoviral vector-mediated GM-CSF gene transfer improves anti-mycobacterial immunity in mice - role of regulatory T cells. -...Adenoviral vector-mediated GM-CSF gene transfer improves anti-mycobacterial immunity in mice - role of regulatory T cells. -...
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor involved in differentiation, survival and activation of myeloid and non-myeloid cells with important implications for lung antibacterial immunity. Here we examined the effect of pulmonary adenoviral vector-mediated delivery of GM-CSF (AdGM-CSF) on anti-mycobacterial immunity in M. bovis BCG infected mice. Exposure of M. bovis BCG infected mice to AdGM-CSF either applied on 6h, or 6h and 7days post-infection substantially increased alveolar recruitment of iNOS and IL-12 expressing macrophages, and significantly increased accumulation of IFNγpos T cells and particularly regulatory T cells (Tregs). This was accompanied by significantly reduced mycobacterial loads in the lungs of mice. Importantly, diphtheria toxin-induced depletion of Tregs did not influence mycobacterial loads, but accentuated immunopathology in AdGM-CSF-exposed mice infected with M. bovis BCG. Together, the data demonstrate that AdGM-CSF ...
Viral Vector Construction Consultation - Biocrede Inc.Viral Vector Construction Consultation - Biocrede Inc.
Our viral vector production staff are committed to providing the researcher with high purity, high titer viral vectors at competitive prices. To ensure we the h
BCCM/GeneCorner ORFeome v8.1 entry plasmids | BCCM Belgian Coordinated Collections of MicroorganismsBCCM/GeneCorner ORFeome v8.1 entry plasmids | BCCM Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms
Context General information Compatible Gateway Destination vectors Available clones Download the hORFeome V8.1 list Compatible Gateway Destination vectors BCCM/genecorner also offers a range of compatible Gateway destination vectors both with and without C- or N-terminal markers, as well as some multisite Gateway destination vectors. This way, you can create the expression
Vectors - cDNA Expression, shRNA, miRNA, CRISPR, Lenti | OriGeneVectors - cDNA Expression, shRNA, miRNA, CRISPR, Lenti | OriGene
OriGene provides a variety of cloning vectors, including cDNA cloning vectors (tagged ORF clone vectors, non-tagged cDNA expression vectors), shRNA vectors, CRISPR vectors, miRNA expression vector and 3 UTR luciferase assay vector. These vectors have been used in almost 1,000 citations.
Gene therapy for liver disease advancing with the help of adeno-associated viral vectors - Scienmag: Latest Science and Health...Gene therapy for liver disease advancing with the help of adeno-associated viral vectors - Scienmag: Latest Science and Health...
About the Journal Human Gene Therapy, the Official Journal of the European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, British Society for Gene and Cell Therapy, French Society of Cell and Gene Therapy, German Society of Gene Therapy, and five other gene therapy societies, is an authoritative peer-reviewed journal published monthly in print and online. Led by Editor-in-Chief Terence R. Flotte, MD, Celia and Isaac Haidak Professor of Medical Education and Dean, Provost, and Executive Deputy Chancellor, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Human Gene Therapy presents reports on the transfer and expression of genes in mammals, including humans. Related topics include improvements in vector development, delivery systems, and animal models, particularly in the areas of cancer, heart disease, viral disease, genetic disease, and neurological disease, as well as ethical, legal, and regulatory issues related to the gene transfer in humans. Its companion journals, Human Gene Therapy Methods, published ...
JCI - Lentivector-mediated SMN replacement in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophyJCI - Lentivector-mediated SMN replacement in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy
Viral production. EIAV self-inactivating vector genomes were constructed from pONY8.0Z or pONY8.0G vectors described previously (10, 24). The cDNA coding for the reporter gene LacZ or the human SMN was cloned in the EIAV transfer vector. A EIAV vector genome has been generated that encodes the SMN gene with or without a HA tag. Viral vector stocks pseudotyped with rabies G glycoprotein were prepared using the HEK293T transient system as previously described (10, 25). The titers (approximately 4 × 109 T.U./ml) of concentrated EIAV-LacZ viral vectors were estimated by transduction of D17 cells. The titers (4 × 109 to 7 × 109 T.U./ml) of the EIAV-SMN or EIAV-EIAV-SMN-HA vectors were estimated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR by comparison to EIAV-LacZ vectors and were normalized for viral RNA (26, 27).. In vitro transduction. GM03813 fibroblasts from a type 1 SMA patient (Coreill Cell Repository) were transduced with either EIAV-SMN, EIAV-SMN-HA, or EIAV-LacZ vectors pseudotyped with the ...
Division of Human Gene Therapy - Stanford University School of Medicine | Division of Human Gene Therapy | Stanford MedicineDivision of Human Gene Therapy - Stanford University School of Medicine | Division of Human Gene Therapy | Stanford Medicine
The goal of the Program in Human Gene Therapy is to develop gene transfer technologies and use them for hepatic gene therapy for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases. The general approach is to develop new vector systems and delivery methods, test them in the appropriate animal models, uncover the mechanisms involved in vector transduction, and use the most promising approaches in clinical trials. Specifically, we work on a variety of viral and non-viral vector systems. Our major disease models are hemophilia, hepatitis C and B viral infections, and diabetes. The second major focus includes the role that small RNAs play in mammalian gene regulation.. ...
Research: Bench to Bedside in Human Gene Therapy | Division of Human Gene Therapy | Stanford MedicineResearch: Bench to Bedside in Human Gene Therapy | Division of Human Gene Therapy | Stanford Medicine
The goal of the Program in Human Gene Therapy is to develop gene transfer technologies and use them for hepatic gene therapy for the treatment of genetic and acquired diseases. The general approach is to develop new vector systems and delivery methods, test them in the appropriate animal models, uncover the mechanisms involved in vector transduction, and use the most promising approaches in clinical trials. Specifically, we work on a variety of viral and non-viral vector systems. Our major disease models are hemophilia, hepatitis C and B viral infections, and diabetes. The second major focus includes the role that small RNAs play in mammalian gene regulation.. ...
A new dual-vector approach to enhance recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene expression through intermolecular cis...A new dual-vector approach to enhance recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene expression through intermolecular cis...
A new dual-vector approach to enhance recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene expression through intermolecular cis activation
Comparison of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy Vector Packaging Methods.Comparison of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy Vector Packaging Methods.
Adeno-associated virus is being developed as a human gene therapy vector. Recombinant AAV vectors are constructed by replacing the wild type viral genome with a transgene of interest. This recombinant genome is then packaged into infectious virions. Virion production requires a vector plasmid containing the transgene of interest, wtAAV rep and cap genes, and helper virus functions. Standard protocols provide rep and cap either through stable rep/cap cell lines, or through co-transfection of a rep/cap plasmid. Helper virus functions are provided by adenovirus-5 or herpes simplex virus-1. Viral infection results in loss of some recombinant virions due to cell death as well as potential contamination of the final stock. To overcome these problems, several helper-virus-free protocols have been developed using plasmids containing essential Ad-5 genes. Standard purification protocols involve CsCl gradient centrifugation followed by dialysis.The centrifugation takes several days, and product is lost in ...
DADUN: Intrahepatic injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 overcomes gender-related differences in liver...DADUN: Intrahepatic injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 overcomes gender-related differences in liver...
The liver is an attractive organ for gene therapy because of its important role in many inherited and acquired diseases. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have been shown to be good candidates for liver gene delivery, leading to long-term gene expression. We evaluated the influence of the route of administration on rAAV-mediated liver transduction by comparing levels of luciferase expression in the livers of male and female mice after injection of rAAV serotype 2, using three different routes of administration: intravenous (IV), intraportal (IP), or direct intrahepatic (IH) injection. To determine transgene expression we used a noninvasive optical bioluminescence imaging system that allowed long-term in vivo analysis. After IV injection dramatic differences in liver transgene expression were observed, depending on gender. When IP injection was used the differences were reduced although they were still significant. Interestingly, direct intrahepatic injection of rAAV vectors was ...
In vivo gene transfer and expression in normal uninjured blood vessels using replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus...In vivo gene transfer and expression in normal uninjured blood vessels using replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus...
In vivo gene transfer and expression in normal uninjured blood vessels using replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors Academic Article ...
Packaging system for rapid production of murine leukemia virus vectors with variable tropism. | Journal of VirologyPackaging system for rapid production of murine leukemia virus vectors with variable tropism. | Journal of Virology
A method for rapidly producing helper-free murine leukemia virus (MLV) without using packaging cell lines is described. Viruses bearing ecotropic or amphotropic MLV or Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein and containing various retroviral vector genomes have been prepared with titers 30 to 40-fold higher than those produced by transient transfection of standard packaging cells. This system can be used to alter the cellular tropism of MLV by incorporating other envelope glycoproteins and to prepare retroviral vector stocks without establishing stable producer cell lines. This method will be particularly useful for preparing viruses that encode toxic proteins and for the rapid analysis of panels of mutant envelope glycoproteins. ...
Inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage enhances gene expression from replication-defective adenoviral vectors<...Inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage enhances gene expression from replication-defective adenoviral vectors<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Inhibition of repair of radiation-induced DNA damage enhances gene expression from replication-defective adenoviral vectors. AU - Hingorani, Mohan. AU - White, Christine L.. AU - Merron, Andrew. AU - Peerlinck, Inge. AU - Gore, Martin E.. AU - Slade, Andrew. AU - Scott, Simon D.. AU - Nutting, Christopher M.. AU - Pandha, Hardev S.. AU - Melcher, Alan A.. AU - Vile, Richard Geoffrey. AU - Vassaux, Georges. AU - Harrington, Kevin J.. PY - 2008/12/1. Y1 - 2008/12/1. N2 - Radiation has been shown to up-regulate gene expression from adenoviral vectors in previous studies. In the current study, we show that radiation-induced dsDNA breaks and subsequent signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are responsible, at least in part, for this enhancement of transgene expression both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-mutated, and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-mediated DNA repair were shown to ...
Trial of Ocular Subretinal Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV2-VMD2-hMERTK) Gene Vector to Patients With...Trial of Ocular Subretinal Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV2-VMD2-hMERTK) Gene Vector to Patients With...
A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector has been altered to carry the human MERTK (hMERTK) gene. This vector has been shown to restore vision in animal models that resemble human MERTK-associated Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), an incurable retinal degeneration that causes severe vision loss. The proposed study is an open label, Phase I clinical trial of subretinal rAAV2-VMD2-hMERTK administration to individuals with MERTK-associated retinal disease. This trial will lead to a greater understanding of the safety and thereby potential value of gene transfer in MERTK-associated retinal disease and will have implications for other forms of retinal degenerative disease amenable to this type of intervention ...
Trial of Ocular Subretinal Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV2-VMD2-hMERTK) Gene Vector to Patients With...Trial of Ocular Subretinal Injection of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV2-VMD2-hMERTK) Gene Vector to Patients With...
A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (rAAV2) vector has been altered to carry the human MERTK (hMERTK) gene. This vector has been shown to restore vision in animal models that resemble human MERTK-associated Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), an incurable retinal degeneration that causes severe vision loss. The proposed study is an open label, Phase I clinical trial of subretinal rAAV2-VMD2-hMERTK administration to individuals with MERTK-associated retinal disease. This trial will lead to a greater understanding of the safety and thereby potential value of gene transfer in MERTK-associated retinal disease and will have implications for other forms of retinal degenerative disease amenable to this type of intervention ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Effect and Mechanism of Mitomycin C Combined with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type II against...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Effect and Mechanism of Mitomycin C Combined with Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Type II against...
The effect of chemotherapy drug Mitomycin C (MMC) in combination with recombinant adeno-associated virus II (rAAV2) in cancer therapy was investigated, and the mechanism of MMC affecting rAAV2s bioactivity was also studied. The combination effect was evaluated by the level of GFP and TNF expression in a human glioma cell line, and the mechanism of MMC effects on rAAV mediated gene expression was investigated by AAV transduction related signal molecules. C57 and BALB/c nude mice were injected with rAAV-EGFP or rAAV-TNF alone, or mixed with MMC, to evaluate the effect of MMC on AAV-mediated gene expression and tumor suppression. MMC was shown to improve the infection activity of rAAV2 both in vitro and in vivo. Enhancement was found to be independent of initial rAAV2 receptor binding stage or subsequent second-strand synthesis of target DNA, but was related to cell cycle retardation followed by blocked genome degradation. In vivo injection of MMC combined with rAAV2 into the tumors of the animals
EP 0996737 A1 20000503 - SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS VECTORS FOR GENE TRANSFER INTO NON-ENDOTHELIAL CARDIOVASCULAR CELLSEP 0996737 A1 20000503 - SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS VECTORS FOR GENE TRANSFER INTO NON-ENDOTHELIAL CARDIOVASCULAR CELLS
294966285 - EP 0996737 A1 2000-05-03 - SEMLIKI FOREST VIRUS VECTORS FOR GENE TRANSFER INTO NON-ENDOTHELIAL CARDIOVASCULAR CELLS - [origin: WO9909192A1] The invention provides methods of transducing non-endothelial cardiovascular cells with a recombinant Togavirus vector, vector kits, and vectors.[origin: WO9909192A1] The invention provides methods of transducing non-endothelial cardiovascular cells with a recombinant Togavirus vector, vector kits, and vectors.
CiNii 論文 - Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vectors Efficiently Transduce Foreign Gene Into...CiNii 論文 - Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus Vectors Efficiently Transduce Foreign Gene Into...
Because the features and kinetics of adeno−associated virus(AAV)−mediated gene transfer to endothelial cells(EC)are yet to be ultimately determined, we tested variables pertinent to the efficiency of AAV−mediated gene transfer to bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAEC).The variables with AAV vectors were compared with the better characterized adenovirus(Ad)vectors.There is a dose−response relationship between multiplicity of infection(moi)of AAV or Ad vectors and transduction efficiency in BAEC.The higher moi of AAV vectors achieved more than 80% of transduction efficiency in cultured BAEC.AAV and Ad vectors showed an incubation−time−dependent increase in transduction efficiency of LacZ gene to the BAEC up to 12 h of vector exposure.Although the similar kinetics of transduction efficiency of LacZ gene to BAEC was found in both vectors, the duration of gene expression was longer in AAV vector than that in Ad vectors in vitro.These results indicate that AAV−vector is efficient for gene ...
Potential use of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying the C-terminal portion of the P97 adhesin...Potential use of a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying the C-terminal portion of the P97 adhesin...
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes severe economic losses to the swine industry worldwide and the prevention of its related disease, enzootic porcine pneumonia, remains a challenge. The P97 adhesin protein of M. hyopneumoniae should be a good candidate for the development of a subunit vaccine because antibodies produced against P97 could prevent the adhesion of the pathogen to the respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. In the present study, a P97 recombinant replication-defective adenovirus (rAdP97c) subunit vaccine efficiency was evaluated in pigs. The rAdP97c vaccine was found to induce both strong P97 specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The rAdP97c vaccinated pigs developed a lower amount of macroscopic lung lesions (18.5 ± 9.6%) compared to the unvaccinated and challenged animals (45.8 ± 11.5%). rAdP97c vaccine reduced significantly the severity of inflammatory response and the amount of M. hyopneumoniae in the respiratory tract. Furthermore, the average daily weight gain was ...
G2 Cell Cycle Arrest and Cyclophilin A in Lentiviral Gene Transfer<...G2 Cell Cycle Arrest and Cyclophilin A in Lentiviral Gene Transfer<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - G2 Cell Cycle Arrest and Cyclophilin A in Lentiviral Gene Transfer. AU - Zhang, Shangming. AU - Joseph, Guiandre. AU - Pollok, Karen. AU - Berthoux, Lionel. AU - Sastry, Lakshmi. AU - Luban, Jeremy. AU - Cornetta, Kenneth. PY - 2006/10. Y1 - 2006/10. N2 - Lentiviral vectors derived from the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) have a higher propensity to transduce nondividing cells compared to vectors based on oncoretroviruses. We report here that genistein, a previously known protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor and G2 cell cycle arrest inducer, significantly enhanced lentiviral transduction in a dose-dependent manner. Increased transduction, as measured by vector expression, was seen in a variety of human cell lines, murine primary lymphocytes, and primary human CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells as well. Increased vector expression was also associated with an increase in vector DNA copy number, as assessed by quantitative PCR. Genistein-mediated G2 cell cycle arrest, ...
Fate of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector genomes during DNA double-strand break-induced gene targeting in human cellsFate of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector genomes during DNA double-strand break-induced gene targeting in human cells
Recombinant vectors based on adeno-associated virus (rAAV) are promising tools to specifically alter complex genomes through homologous recombination (HR)-based gene targeting. In a therapeutic setting, an AAV donor vector will recombine with a mutant target locus in order to correct the mutation di …
Successful readministration of adeno-associated virus vectors to the mouse lung requires transient immunosuppression during the...Successful readministration of adeno-associated virus vectors to the mouse lung requires transient immunosuppression during the...
The airway is an important target for gene transfer to treat cystic fibrosis and other diseases that affect the lung. We previously found that marker gene expression did not persist in the bronchial epithelium following adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector administration to the rabbit lung. In an attempt to promote continued expression, we tested repeat vector administration, but no additional transduction was observed, and the block to transduction correlated with the appearance of neutralizing antibodies to the viral capsid. Here we show that mice exhibit a similar response but that treatment with anti-CD40 ligand antibody (MR1) and a soluble CTLA4-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA4Ig) at the time of primary AAV vector exposure allowed successful repeat transduction and prevented production of neutralizing antibodies. We also tested the possibility that an immune response caused the loss of marker-positive cells in the epithelial population in rabbits by evaluating AAV vector expression in ...
Novel adeno-associated virus vector production system development - Weidong XiaoNovel adeno-associated virus vector production system development - Weidong Xiao
AAV is a single stranded DNA virus which has shown great promise as a gene therapy vector. Recombinant AAV vectors delivering RPE65 gene have been demonstrated...
Novel adeno-associated virus vector production system development - Weidong XiaoNovel adeno-associated virus vector production system development - Weidong Xiao
AAV is a single stranded DNA virus which has shown great promise as a gene therapy vector. Recombinant AAV vectors delivering RPE65 gene have been demonstrated...
Effective in vivo and ex vivo gene transfer to intestinal mucosa by VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors | BMC Gastroenterology...Effective in vivo and ex vivo gene transfer to intestinal mucosa by VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors | BMC Gastroenterology...
Gene transfer to the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is a therapeutic strategy which could prove particularly advantageous for treatment of various hereditary and acquired intestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), GI infections, and cancer. We evaluated vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein envelope (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LV) for efficacy of gene transfer to both murine rectosigmoid colon in vivo and human colon explants ex vivo. LV encoding beta-galactosidase (LV-β-Gal) or firefly-luciferase (LV-fLuc) reporter genes were administered by intrarectal instillation in mice, or applied topically for ex vivo transduction of human colorectal explant tissues from normal individuals. Macroscopic and histological evaluations were performed to assess any tissue damage or inflammation. Transduction efficiency and systemic biodistribution were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. LV-fLuc expression was evaluated by ex vivo bioluminescence imaging. LV-β-Gal expression
Recombinant Adeno-associated virus 2 ATCC ® VR-1616™Recombinant Adeno-associated virus 2 ATCC ® VR-1616™
Recombinant Adeno-associated virus 2 ATCC ® VR-1616™ Designation: Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 2 Reference Standard Stock (rAAV2 RSS) Application:
Recombinant Adeno-associated virus 2 ATCC ® VR-1616™Recombinant Adeno-associated virus 2 ATCC ® VR-1616™
Recombinant Adeno-associated virus 2 ATCC ® VR-1616™ Designation: Recombinant Adeno-associated Virus 2 Reference Standard Stock (rAAV2 RSS) Application:
Evaluation of adeno-associated viral vectors for liver-directed gene transfer in dogs.Evaluation of adeno-associated viral vectors for liver-directed gene transfer in dogs.
This study evaluated six adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the liver-specific thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) promoter made with novel capsids in canine liver-directed gene transfer. Studies i
Long-term persistence of gene expression from adeno-associated virus serotype 5 in the mouse airways. - Nuffield Department of...Long-term persistence of gene expression from adeno-associated virus serotype 5 in the mouse airways. - Nuffield Department of...
Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors based on serotype 2 (rAAV2) have been used to deliver transgenes to the airways in a variety of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Gene transfer in these studies has been severely restricted by the basolateral localization of rAAV2 receptors. Here, we studied vectors constructed from the AAV5 genome and capsid, which utilize N-linked sialic acid-containing receptors found on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. We investigated gene transfer efficacy and duration of transgene expression following delivery of rAAV5/5 vectors to the mouse respiratory tract. Robust, dose-dependent transgene expression was observed in the epithelium lining the nose for at least 32 weeks, and for at least 52 weeks in the lung. Importantly, in the lung, transgene expression mediated by rAAV5/5 was 40-fold greater than by rAAV2/2 vectors. A distinct cellular preference for rAAV5/5-mediated transduction was observed, with transgene expression being predominantly restricted to
The snoMEN (snoRNA Modulator of gene Appearance) vector technology was developed - Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Epithelial...The snoMEN (snoRNA Modulator of gene Appearance) vector technology was developed - Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Epithelial...
The snoMEN (snoRNA Modulator of gene Appearance) vector technology was developed from a human being package C/D snoRNA, HBII-180C, which contains an internal series that may end up being manipulated to help to make it supporting to RNA focuses on, allowing knock-down of targeted genetics. the same mRNA, we record >3-collapse boost in knock-down effectiveness when likened with the unique HBII-180C centered snoMEN. The multiplex 47snoMEM vector allowed the building of human being proteins replacement unit cell lines with improved effectiveness, including the institution of book GFPCHIF-1 alternative cells. Quantitative mass spectrometry evaluation verified the improved effectiveness and specificity of proteins replacement unit using the Solcitinib supplier 47snoMEN-PR vectors. The 47snoMEN vectors increase the potential applications for snoMEN technology in gene appearance research, focus on approval and gene therapy. Intro Little nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a course of conserved RNAs 1st ...
Tetracycline-inducible shrna expression system - Liv 52 Himalaya Side EffectsTetracycline-inducible shrna expression system - Liv 52 Himalaya Side Effects
Custom RNAi Services GeneCust Europe. of shRNA expression plasmids,. shRNA expression vectors system characteristics 1.The expression of short. the duplication of the shRNA expression cassette resulted in. extracted with the SV total RNA isolation system (Promega.pHUSH: a single vector system for conditional gene expression pHUSH:. Reversible gene knockdown in mice using a tight, inducible shRNA expression system.Altered expression of triadin 95 causes parallel changes. this system adenoviral transfection was used to modify. endogenous Trisk 95 expression. The shRNA was.HeLa cells containing a stably integrated tetracycline-inducible luciferase expression cassette were treated with. The Tet-Express Inducible Expression System.Applications. The following. "Modulation of Circadian Gene Expression and Metabolic Compensation by. "Novel high throughput pooled shRNA screening identifies ...
Mouse monoclonal to STYK1 | Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replicationMouse monoclonal to STYK1 | Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are known to interfere with AAV vector-mediated gene transfer by intravascular delivery. Consequently, gene transfer studies in non-\human being primates may well forecast the effectiveness of gene transfer in humans. Indeed, gene transfer studies using a fresh type of vector have been carried out in rhesus macaques.12,13 The effects from these studies provided the basis for recent hemophilia B gene therapy clinical tests employing an AAV8 vector.13,14,15,16 Gene transfer in mice using AAV vectors results in excellent transduction efficiency. That is so for AAV8 vector-mediated gene transfer in the mouse liver especially;12,13,14,17 however, the efficiency of AAV8 vectors is modest in macaques.13 Theres also difficulties connected Mouse monoclonal to STYK1 with gene appearance when working with AAV8 vectors in non-human primates. Growing proof suggests that the current presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against AAV8, ...
Abstract 716: Superior Cardiac Transduction Efficacy Using a Pseudotyped AAV2/6 Vector Compared to a Heparin-Binding Site...Abstract 716: Superior Cardiac Transduction Efficacy Using a Pseudotyped AAV2/6 Vector Compared to a Heparin-Binding Site...
Cornerstone for an efficient cardiac gene therapy is the need for a vector system which enables selective and long-term expression of the gene of interest. In rodent animal models pseudotyped adeno-associated viral vectors like AAV2/6 have been shown to be superior in the transduction of cardiomyocytes compared to other AAV serotypes. However, since significant species dependent differences in transduction characteristics exist, and large animal models are of imminent need for pre-clinical evaluations, we compared the gene transfer efficiency of an AAV2/6 and a heparin-binding site deleted AAV2 (AAV2/dHep) in a porcine model.. Methods: Viral vectors were produced using a pseudotyping strategy. All vectors did express the reporter gene luciferase under control of a cardiac specific promoter (MLC2v). Vectors were delivered via percutaneous pressure-regulated retroinfusion into the coronary vein (3.5 x 10e10 genome copies/animal; n = 5 animals/group). Expression levels were evaluated 4 weeks after ...
eps format, keyword: vector material, natural, silhouettes, birds, birds, poultry, birds, plants, insects, ladybug, leaves,...eps format, keyword: vector material, natural, silhouettes, birds, birds, poultry, birds, plants, insects, ladybug, leaves,...
Download Free Vector,PSD,FLASH,JPG--www.hereisfree.com:Download Free Vector,PSD,FLASH,JPG,Vector icon,Vector Cartoon,CHINA Vector,Vector Sport,Vector festival,Vector Design,Vector Flower,Vector People,Vector landscape,Vector Plant,Vector Map,Vector Car,truth to nature,Vector Cartoon
British Library EThOS: Viral vector-mediated RNA interference in the retinaBritish Library EThOS: Viral vector-mediated RNA interference in the retina
RNA interference (RNAi) is a highly conserved post-transcriptional gene silencing process triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in eukaryotic cells. Elucidation of the RNAi regulatory pathway and its components has led to the identification of endogenous dsRNA molecules, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), which are transcribed as a single hairpin molecule prior to their maturation into a cytoplasmic dsRNA. The efficient gene silencing achieved by these short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and the cumulative understanding of the RNAi pathway has prompted the development of hairpin expression vectors capable of mediating stable gene silencing in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the efficacy of viral vector-mediated RNAi in the retina using recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) and lentiviruses that contain silencing hairpin cassettes to target four genes in murine photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). A detailed assessment of the utility and extend of RNAi ...
Intraocular Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in Proliferative Retinopathies | IOVS | ARVO JournalsIntraocular Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in Proliferative Retinopathies | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Staining for LacZ 5 days after intraocular injection of AdLacZ.10 in adult wild-type mice and at various times after injection in transgenic mice with increased expression of PDGF in the retina. Mice were given an intravitreous injection of 5 × 108 (A-E, J-P) or a subretinal injection of 107 (F-I) AdLacZ.10 particles. After 5 days, or as otherwise indicated, ocular sections and retinal and choroidal wholemounts were stained for LacZ. (A) Albino BALB/c mice showed staining in the corneal endothelium, the trabecular meshwork, the iris pigmented epithelium, and the ciliary body (bar, 200 μm). (B) Flatmounts of iris from albino BALB/c mice showed diffuse dark staining throughout the entire iris. (C.) Retinal wholemounts from adult C57BL/6 mice showed scattered focal staining throughout the retina, with more intense staining at the optic nerve. (D, E) Ocular sections from adult C57BL/6 mice showed prominent staining in and around the optic nerve and focal staining of cells in the inner nuclear ...
Radioiodinated Capsids Facilitate in Vivo Non-Invasive Tracking of Adeno-Associated Gene Transfer Vectors<...Radioiodinated Capsids Facilitate in Vivo Non-Invasive Tracking of Adeno-Associated Gene Transfer Vectors<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Radioiodinated Capsids Facilitate in Vivo Non-Invasive Tracking of Adeno-Associated Gene Transfer Vectors. AU - Kothari, P.. AU - De, B. P.. AU - He, B.. AU - Chen, A.. AU - Chiuchiolo, M. J.. AU - Kim, D.. AU - Nikolopoulou, A.. AU - Amor-Coarasa, A.. AU - Dyke, J. P.. AU - Voss, H. U.. AU - Kaminsky, S. M.. AU - Foley, C. P.. AU - Vallabhajosula, S.. AU - Hu, B.. AU - DiMagno, S. G.. AU - Sondhi, D.. AU - Crystal, R. G.. AU - Babich, J. W.. AU - Ballon, D.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2017. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/1/6. Y1 - 2017/1/6. N2 - Viral vector mediated gene therapy has become commonplace in clinical trials for a wide range of inherited disorders. Successful gene transfer depends on a number of factors, of which tissue tropism is among the most important. To date, definitive mapping of the spatial and temporal distribution of viral vectors in vivo has generally required postmortem examination of tissue. Here ...
Lentiviral Vector Systems with an EF-1 Alpha PromoterLentiviral Vector Systems with an EF-1 Alpha Promoter
Lentiviral vector systems with EF-1 alpha promoters allow you to achieve robust, constitutive, long-term expression of your gene of interest in cell types in which CMV promoters are often silenced, such as hematopoietic and stem cells.
Lentiviral Vector Systems with an EF-1 Alpha PromoterLentiviral Vector Systems with an EF-1 Alpha Promoter
Lentiviral vector systems with EF-1 alpha promoters allow you to achieve robust, constitutive, long-term expression of your gene of interest in cell types in which CMV promoters are often silenced, such as hematopoietic and stem cells.
COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MALARIA - Patent applicationCOMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MALARIA - Patent application
0157] The antagonist/agonist of malaria biomarker expression or activity may be delivered to the target cells using nucleic acid based delivery systems, such as plasmids and viral vectors. As used herein, plasmid or viral vectors are agents that transport nucleic acids into the cell without degradation and include a promoter yielding expression of the gene in the cells into which it is delivered. Viral vectors are, for example, Adenovirus, Adeno-associated virus, Herpes virus, Vaccinia virus, Polio virus, AIDS virus, neuronal trophic virus, Sindbis and other RNA viruses, including these viruses with the HIV backbone. Also preferred are any viral families which share the properties of these viruses which make them suitable for use as vectors. Retroviruses include Murine Maloney Leukemia virus, MMLV, and retroviruses that express the desirable properties of MMLV as a vector. Retroviral vectors are able to carry a larger genetic payload, i.e., a transgene or marker gene, than other viral vectors, ...
Long term expression of bicistronic vector driven by the FGF-1 IRES in mouse muscle | BMC Biotechnology | Full TextLong term expression of bicistronic vector driven by the FGF-1 IRES in mouse muscle | BMC Biotechnology | Full Text
Electrotransfer of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the delivery of therapeutic molecules targeting various muscular diseases, cancer and lower-limb ischemia. Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRESs) allow co-expression of proteins of interest from a single transcriptional unit. IRESs are RNA elements that have been found in viral RNAs as well as a variety of cellular mRNAs with long 5 untranslated regions. While the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES is often used in expression vectors, we have shown that the FGF-1 IRES is equally active to drive short term transgene expression in mouse muscle. To compare the ability of the FGF-1 IRES to drive long term expression against the EMCV and FGF-2 IRESs, we performed analyses of expression kinetics using bicistronic vectors that express the bioluminescent renilla and firefly luciferase reporter genes. Long term expression of bicistronic vectors was also compared to that of monocistronic vectors. Bioluminescence was quantified ex
Molecular Vision: Gene therapy following subretinal AAV5 vector delivery is not affected by a previous intravitreal AAV5...Molecular Vision: Gene therapy following subretinal AAV5 vector delivery is not affected by a previous intravitreal AAV5...
AAV vectors have many attractive features for safe and efficient gene therapy including their lack of pathogenesis, low toxicity, ability to efficiently infect both dividing and non-dividing cells in broad range of host tissues/organs, and long-term gene expression [35,36]. The ability of AAV vectors to efficiently transduce retinal cells has been exploited to successfully transfer therapeutic genes into PR, RPE, and RGCs [37], to treat a variety of retinal diseases causing blindness in animal models [26,38,39] and now in human LCA [21-24]. A key consideration in the design of the delivery vector for gene therapy is the AAV serotype. Adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) is one of the most divergent of the AAV serotypes, sharing only 64% overall nucleotide identity with the prototype AAV2 [40,41]. While the basic transcription profile of AAV5 is similar to that of AAV2, there are also significant differences [42]. In contrast to AAV2 that can efficiently transduce the ganglion cells following ...
Inherited sterility in insectsInherited sterility in insects
LentivirusLentivirus
AsaiaAsaia
Gerald M. RubinGerald M. Rubin
Allan C. SpradlingAllan C. Spradling
Transposable elementTransposable element
Onchocerca lupiOnchocerca lupi
Genetically modified organismGenetically modified organism
Taenia asiaticaTaenia asiatica
TaeniasisTaeniasis
Phaeodactylum tricornutumPhaeodactylum tricornutum
Sterile insect techniqueSterile insect technique
Centre for Neuroscience and Cell BiologyCentre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology
DNA bankDNA bank
DendrosomeDendrosome
Duffy antigen systemDuffy antigen system
MlpyMlpy
TransgenesisTransgenesis
Cyber ChessCyber Chess
Rathayibacter toxicusRathayibacter toxicus
ThorselliaceaeThorselliaceae
Species complexSpecies complex
ProtistProtist
Anopheles gambiaeAnopheles gambiae
CosmidCosmid
Promoter (genetics)Promoter (genetics)
XMAP215-Dis1 familyXMAP215-Dis1 family
OrnithologyOrnithology
London Underground mosquitoLondon Underground mosquito
Multiple-criteria decision analysisMultiple-criteria decision analysis
Brain tumorBrain tumor
Hill climbingHill climbing
Data compressionData compression
Free willFree will
Yellow feverYellow fever
Bioinformática, a enciclopedia libreBioinformática, a enciclopedia libre
Invasive speciesInvasive species
RAD51RAD51
HistoneHistone
Yamnaya cultureYamnaya culture
ViroplasmViroplasm
CitrusCitrus
Ulmus glabraUlmus glabra
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articlesIndex of HIV/AIDS-related articles
History of medicine in the United StatesHistory of medicine in the United States
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseChronic obstructive pulmonary disease
RetrovirusRetrovirus
Pasteur InstitutePasteur Institute
Hepatit - VikipediHepatit - Vikipedi
Honey beeHoney bee
RNA worldRNA world
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Erinevus lehekülje Transformatsioon (geneetika) redaktsioonide vahel - VikipeediaErinevus lehekülje "Transformatsioon (geneetika)" redaktsioonide vahel - Vikipeedia
Plant virusPlant virus
Medical microbiologyMedical microbiology
Plasmodium knowlesiPlasmodium knowlesi
ChikungunyaChikungunya
BirdBird
BatBat
Transfer DNATransfer DNA
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Genetic VectorsInsect VectorsDisease VectorsGene Transfer TechniquesTransduction, GeneticAdenoviridaeDependovirusLentivirusArthropod VectorsSupport Vector MachinesTransgenesAnophelesRetroviridaeBase SequenceTransfectionMolecular Sequence DataCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionCell LineGreen Fluorescent ProteinsGenetic EngineeringArachnid VectorsHelper VirusesAedesMosquito ControlPromoter Regions, GeneticAdenovirus E1 Proteinsbeta-GalactosidaseInsect ControlLuminescent ProteinsCulicidaeGenes, ReporterAnopheles gambiaeCulexRecombination, GeneticEscherichia coliAdenoviruses, HumanInsecticidesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsDNA, RecombinantMalariaAmino Acid SequenceVirus IntegrationGene TargetingRecombinant ProteinsLac OperonTransformation, GeneticVirus ReplicationPolymerase Chain ReactionPsychodidaePhlebotomusTriatomaCells, CulturedMice, Inbred BALB CCeratopogonidaeTumor Cells, CulturedVaccines, SyntheticDNA PrimersInsecticide ResistanceDefective VirusesMice, Inbred C57BLKanamycin KinaseGene Expression RegulationMoloney murine leukemia virusDNATranscription, GeneticDNA, ViralCapsid ProteinsPyrethrinsMutationRestriction MappingGenes, BacterialHemipteraRNA, MessengerCoxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane ProteinAdenoviruses, SimianHeLa CellsPopulation DensityArtificial IntelligenceSimuliidaeLeukemia Virus, MurineDNA, ComplementaryGenome, ViralViral ProteinsThymidine KinaseTerminal Repeat SequencesTransformation, BacterialSpumavirusSequence Analysis, DNALarvaGene Expression Regulation, ViralCapsidAlgorithmsTime FactorsDengueGenes, ViralCell Line, TumorChagas Disease
Promoterless NanoLuc® Genetic Reporter Basic VectorsPromoterless NanoLuc® Genetic Reporter Basic Vectors
Patent US6706693 - Vaccination by topical application of genetic vectors - Google PatentsPatent US6706693 - Vaccination by topical application of genetic vectors - Google Patents
WikiGenes - Genetic VectorsWikiGenes - Genetic Vectors
Microparticles, Vector of Genetic Information During HIV Infection - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govMicroparticles, Vector of Genetic Information During HIV Infection - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Student Treatment of Genetic Diseases #1 | Viral Vector | Gene TherapyStudent Treatment of Genetic Diseases #1 | Viral Vector | Gene Therapy
Microparticles, Vector of Genetic Information During HIV Infection - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govMicroparticles, Vector of Genetic Information During HIV Infection - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Screw Remaining Life Prediction Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector MachineScrew Remaining Life Prediction Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm and Support Vector Machine
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Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors | ScienceGenetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors | Science
Translation Base Triplets Genetic Code Help Stock Vector (Royalty Free) 339833039 - ShutterstockTranslation Base Triplets Genetic Code Help Stock Vector (Royalty Free) 339833039 - Shutterstock
The genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells: the rise of lentiviral vectors, the conundrum of the ltr, and the promise...The genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells: the rise of lentiviral vectors, the conundrum of the ltr, and the promise...
Dna human genetic Royalty Free Vector Image - VectorStockDna human genetic Royalty Free Vector Image - VectorStock
DNA genetic icon - heart Royalty Free Vector ImageDNA genetic icon - heart Royalty Free Vector Image
Decision tree support vector machine based on genetic algorithm for multi-class classification - BIAI Journals & MagazineDecision tree support vector machine based on genetic algorithm for multi-class classification - BIAI Journals & Magazine
Genetic immunization against cervical carcinoma: induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity with a recombinant alphavirus...Genetic immunization against cervical carcinoma: induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity with a recombinant alphavirus...
What is the genetic difference between retroviral and lentiviral vectors?What is the genetic difference between retroviral and lentiviral vectors?
Hypothesis: Cryptosporidium genetic diversity mirrors national disease notification rate | Parasites & Vectors | Full TextHypothesis: Cryptosporidium genetic diversity mirrors national disease notification rate | Parasites & Vectors | Full Text
Genetic elimination of dengue vector mosquitoes | OxitecGenetic elimination of dengue vector mosquitoes | Oxitec
Premium Vector | Dna strand background and genetic engineering or laboratory researchPremium Vector | Dna strand background and genetic engineering or laboratory research
Population genetic structure and competence as a vector for dengue type 2 virus of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from...Population genetic structure and competence as a vector for dengue type 2 virus of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from...
Ohio State Researchers Design A Viral Vector To Treat A Genetic Form Of Blindness - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comOhio State Researchers Design A Viral Vector To Treat A Genetic Form Of Blindness - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Optimizing hyperparameters of support vector machines by genetic algorithms - Lancaster EPrintsOptimizing hyperparameters of support vector machines by genetic algorithms - Lancaster EPrints
Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive |...Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive |...
Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive |...Population Replacement Strategies for Controlling Vector Populations and the Use of Wolbachia pipientis for Genetic Drive |...
Isolation and preservation of schistosome eggs and larvae in RNAlater® facilitates genetic profiling of individuals | Parasites...Isolation and preservation of schistosome eggs and larvae in RNAlater® facilitates genetic profiling of individuals | Parasites...
Lentiviral vector-mediated genetic modification of human neural progenitor cells for ex vivo gene therapy - InfoscienceLentiviral vector-mediated genetic modification of human neural progenitor cells for ex vivo gene therapy - Infoscience
Genetic rearrangements occurring during a single cycle of murine leukemia virus vector replication: characterization and...Genetic rearrangements occurring during a single cycle of murine leukemia virus vector replication: characterization and...
Application of Teaching Quality Assessment Based on Parallel Genetic Support Vector Algorithm in the Cloud Computing Teaching...Application of Teaching Quality Assessment Based on Parallel Genetic Support Vector Algorithm in the Cloud Computing Teaching...
Phylogeography and Genetic Variation of Triatoma dimidiata, the Main Chagas Disease Vector in Central America, and Its Position...Phylogeography and Genetic Variation of Triatoma dimidiata, the Main Chagas Disease Vector in Central America, and Its Position...
Molecule Dna And Neurons Vector Molecular Structure Connected Lines With Dots Genetic Chemical Compounds Chemistry Medicine...Molecule Dna And Neurons Vector Molecular Structure Connected Lines With Dots Genetic Chemical Compounds Chemistry Medicine...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Genetic VectorsInsect VectorsDisease VectorsGene Transfer TechniquesTransduction, GeneticAdenoviridaeDependovirusLentivirusArthropod VectorsSupport Vector MachinesTransgenesAnophelesRetroviridaeBase SequenceTransfectionMolecular Sequence DataCloning, MolecularGene ExpressionCell LineGreen Fluorescent ProteinsGenetic EngineeringArachnid VectorsHelper VirusesAedesMosquito ControlPromoter Regions, GeneticAdenovirus E1 Proteinsbeta-GalactosidaseInsect ControlLuminescent ProteinsCulicidaeGenes, ReporterAnopheles gambiaeCulexRecombination, GeneticEscherichia coliAdenoviruses, HumanInsecticidesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsDNA, RecombinantMalariaAmino Acid SequenceVirus IntegrationGene TargetingRecombinant ProteinsLac OperonTransformation, GeneticVirus ReplicationPolymerase Chain ReactionPsychodidaePhlebotomusTriatomaCells, CulturedMice, Inbred BALB CCeratopogonidaeTumor Cells, CulturedVaccines, SyntheticDNA PrimersInsecticide ResistanceDefective VirusesMice, Inbred C57BLKanamycin KinaseGene Expression RegulationMoloney murine leukemia virusDNATranscription, GeneticDNA, ViralCapsid ProteinsPyrethrinsMutationRestriction MappingGenes, BacterialHemipteraRNA, MessengerCoxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane ProteinAdenoviruses, SimianHeLa CellsPopulation DensityArtificial IntelligenceSimuliidaeLeukemia Virus, MurineDNA, ComplementaryGenome, ViralViral ProteinsThymidine KinaseTerminal Repeat SequencesTransformation, BacterialSpumavirusSequence Analysis, DNALarvaGene Expression Regulation, ViralCapsidAlgorithmsTime FactorsDengueGenes, ViralCell Line, TumorChagas Disease
LentiviralGene therapyPlasmidGenesRetrovirusesAlgorithmUnderlying insertionalInsertional mutagenesisTransgene expressionRetroviral vectorDiseasesPopulationsGeneticsPathogens2018Types of vectorsDengueMosquitoesAdeno-associatedAdenovirusVirus vectorsDiseaseHematopoieticReplicationAlgorithmsRecombinantLentivirusesCellsAmplicon vectorAdenoviral vectorGenomeAbstractHerpes simplInsectControlling vector competenceGenomicHumansSequencesAedesMolecule structureGlobal viral vectorAnophelesInfectiousProteinEfficientlyQuantizationNorth AmericaVivo2017BacteriaFunctionalMolecularDiversityTransformationTransposableGenotoxicityIllustration
Lentiviral22
Gene therapy21
Plasmid10
Genes9
  • Selfish genetic elements (historically also referred to as selfish genes , ultra-selfish genes , selfish DNA , parasitic DNA and genomic outlaws ) are genetic segments that can enhance their own transmission at the expense of other genes in the genome, even if this has no positive or a net negative effect on organismal fitness. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pCambia-1301-35SN vector containing the CaMV 35S promoter and the β-glucuronidase ( GUS ) and Superfolder green fluorescence protein (SG) as reporter genes were introduced into the plant tissues by the Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Novel transformation vectors containing novel chimeric genes allow the introduction of exogenous DNA fragments coding for polypeptide toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis or having substantial sequence homology to a gene coding for a polypeptide toxin as described herein and expression of the chimeric. (google.com)
  • This vector is capable of delivering and expressing foreign genes in infected cells including progenitor cells such as human CD34+ cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral vectors can be used to modify specific cell type or tissue and can be directed to express therapeutic genes. (medcraveonline.com)
  • These unique abilities made them desirable for engineering viral vectors to deliver the therapeutic genes. (medcraveonline.com)
  • Indeed, vectors pseudotyped with RD114 Env are very efficient to transfer genes into human hematopoietic cells, and they are resistant to human complement inactivation. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Authors are urged to use these rules when naming genes or other genetic structures to avoid unsystematic and duplicate names. (vectorbase.org)
  • It contains the elements required for vector packaging such as structural proteins, HIV genes (except the gene env because its presence would enable the virus to infect T-cells) and the enzymes that generate vector particles. (news-medical.net)
Retroviruses5
Algorithm3
  • To predict the remaining life of ball screw, a screw remaining life prediction method based on quantum genetic algorithm (QGA) and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. (hindawi.com)
  • Support vector machines and artificial neural network techniques are used to classify the aggregates using a methodology to tune the algorithm parameters to improve the performance of the models. (deepdyve.com)
  • We used a combination of genetic algorithm as an optimizer and support vector machines as a classifier for the identification of maximally-effective waveband combination. (biomedcentral.com)
Underlying insertional1
Insertional mutagenesis1
Transgene expression6
Retroviral vector4
Diseases10
Populations9
  • The protocol will facilitate more detailed and ethically advantageous sampling of schistosome populations for genetic profiling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Montana, several introduced populations have been reported, but little is known of their sources and vectors of introduction and secondary spread. (altmetric.com)
  • We evaluated the genetic composition of introduced populations at local (Yellowstone River floodplain) and regional (Montana and Wyoming) scales in contrast to native range populations. (altmetric.com)
  • Ecological and genetic changes in vector populations of dengue fever in relation to urbanization. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In Southeast Asia, the low differentiation and the high co-ancestry values identified among China, Thailand and Japan indicate that, in the native range, these populations maintain high genetic connectivity, revealing their ancestral common origin. (pasteur.fr)
  • Outside Southeast Asia, the invasion process in La Réunion, America and the Mediterranean Basin is primarily supported by a chaotic propagule distribution, which cooperates in maintaining a relatively high genetic diversity within the adventive populations. (pasteur.fr)
  • mosquito populations from Europe are screening legs, and transmission rates by screening saliva, competent vectors for Zika virus ( 3,4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The reason for this geographical heterogeneity and why different patients develop different clinical forms poses the question of its relationship to the genetic heterogeneity of T. cruzi populations in different areas. (scielo.br)
  • T. cruzi multiclonal populations differs in genetic and biological characteristics and in their behavior in the vertebrate host (Andrade & Magalhaes 1997). (scielo.br)
Genetics2
  • The vector was designed by Dr. Matthew During, professor of molecular virology, immunology and medical genetics and of neuroscience and neurological surgery at Ohio State, in collaboration with Robert MacLaren, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Oxford, who also leads the trial. (healthcanal.com)
  • Observations of what is now referred to as selfish genetic elements go back to the early days in the history of genetics . (wikipedia.org)
Pathogens2
  • Ticks (subphylum Chelicerata: suborder Ixodida) are notorious ectoparasites and vectors of human and animal pathogens, transmitting a greater diversity of infectious agents than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods. (nature.com)
  • Previous surveys in dogs from Korea indicated that dogs are exposed to a variety of vector- borne pathogens, but perception for a nation-wide canine vector-borne disease (CVBD) occurrence has been missing. (biomedcentral.com)
20181
  • New Rochelle, NY, August 13, 2018--A new study has shown that a single injection of a novel adeno-associated vector (AAV)-based therapy can result in improved enzyme activ-ity and glycogen clearance as well as prolonged survival in a mouse model of Pompe dis-ease. (eurekalert.org)
Types of vectors1
Dengue3
Mosquitoes3
  • Here, we discuss the salient advances in the prevention and control strategies to combat ZIKV with a focus on highlighting various intervention approaches against the vector mosquitoes of this viral pathogen along with presenting an overview regarding human intervention measures to counter other modes of ZIKV transmission and spread. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we present the principles, associated opportunities and risks, as well as the degree of advancement of these various techniques for a subset of livestock pests and disease vectors including screwworms, tsetse, mosquitoes and stomoxes. (cirad.fr)
  • The following rules for the genetic and molecular nomenclature of all mosquitoes are proposed. (vectorbase.org)
Adeno-associated1
Adenovirus1
Virus vectors1
Disease5
  • Genetic diversity of C. hominis and C. parvum may therefore be an independent and complementary measure for quantifying disease incidence, for which only a moderate number of stool samples from each nation are sufficient data input. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A classification approach is introduced with Genetic Fuzzy based Improved Kernel Support Vector machine (GF-IKSVM) classifier and a BICA based feature selection for the classification of cardiovascular heart disease dataset. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Bois Noir is caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma solani, cell wall-less bacteria belonging to the taxonomic group 16Sr-XII-A. In Germany, they are known to be vectored from plant to plant by the cixiid Hyalesthes obsoletus , but so far the prevalence of the disease in the vector population, as well as its spatio-temporal distribution is poorly understood. (peerj.com)
  • New opportunities for researchers to work in top-level facilities on different disease vectors, including the sandfly (pictured) are also posted on the site. (pasteur.fr)
  • Other effects may include changes in agricultural yields, addition of new trade routes, reduced summer streamflows, species extinctions, and increases in the range of disease vectors. (avsabonline.org)
Hematopoietic2
Replication6
  • Genetic rearrangements occurring during a single cycle of murine leukemia virus vector replication: characterization and implications. (asm.org)
  • The focus of this report is to examine the spectrum of genomic rearrangements arising during a single cycle of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) vector virus replication. (asm.org)
  • These vectors can be used for allelic exchange in a wide variety of bacterial species because their R6K origin of replication functions only in bacteria engineered to produce the replication protein pi. (nih.gov)
  • This vector is based on the herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon system and contains the HCMV orthologs of the two cis -acting functions required for replication and packaging of HSV genomes, the complex HCMV viral DNA replication origin (oriLyt), and the cleavage packaging signal (the a sequence). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Broad spectrum of in vivo forward mutations, hypermutations, and mutational hotspots in a retroviral shuttle vector after a single replication cycle: deletions and deletions with insertions. (pnas.org)
  • The insert capacity of pFB, our MMLV-based replication-defective pFB vector, is approximately 8.0 kb because there is no extraneous sequence between the LTRs. (bio-medicine.org)
Algorithms5
Recombinant2
Lentiviruses1
Cells17
  • Target cells such as the patient's liver or lung cells are infected with the viral vector. (scribd.com)
  • During and his colleagues designed the viral vector to infect the light-sensitive photoreceptor cells that line the back of the eye and make up the retina. (healthcanal.com)
  • MoMLV vector virus was produced in packaging lines, and target cells were infected. (asm.org)
  • They were examining bacteria from cystic fibrosis patients who had acquired chronic B. dolosa infections, expecting the B. dolosa cells from later samples to look like genetic descendants of those in earlier samples. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Instead of studying single isolates, the researchers cultured many cells from each patient and conducted two kinds of genetic sequencing (colony resequencing and deep population sequencing) to reveal B. dolosa 's genetic diversity. (childrenshospital.org)
  • Viruses naturally possess specialized molecular mechanisms to efficiently transfer their genetic materials into the infected cells. (medcraveonline.com)
  • Gene vectors that insert themselves into the host genome would allow for a long-lasting phenotypic correction even if the target cells undergo repeated rounds of cell division. (jci.org)
  • The process of gene transfer into the cells is achieved by the application of vectors. (medgadget.com)
  • They are known for transferring genetic material between cells and they do it by a proteinaceous filament called sex pilus. (sanfoundry.com)
  • To counteract this problem, we constructed and validated a set of high-titer retroviral reporter vectors based on the pFB vector, which can be used to assess transduction efficiency and readily assay for gene expression in infected cells lines. (bio-medicine.org)
  • The vector was then tested in retrovirally transduced cells. (bio-medicine.org)
  • For experiments in which cells were infected at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) and, thus, harbor only single copies of the hrGFP provirus, fluorescence over background was readily detectable with this vector. (bio-medicine.org)
  • METHODS: RD114-pseudotyped vectors produced from the FLYRD18 packaging cells were added on tumor cell lines, and the formation of syncytia was assessed by microscopy after cell fixation and methylene blue staining. (biomedsearch.com)
  • Finally, the cytotoxic effect of RD114-pseudotyped vectors was measured by the MTT assay on tumor cells, and in combination with the TK/GCV strategy. (biomedsearch.com)
  • A few hours after addition of the vector, cells started to aggregate to form syncytia that eventually evolved toward cell death 48 h postinfection. (biomedsearch.com)
  • RD114-pseudotyped vectors were very efficient at killing human cancer cells, and they were also able to enhance dramatically the cytotoxic effect of the TK/GCV strategy. (biomedsearch.com)
  • This whole process then repeats itself, leading to the accumulation of serious imbalances in the genetic information of the daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Amplicon vector1
  • The HCMV amplicon vector replicated independently and was packaged into infectious virions in the presence of helper virus. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenoviral vector1
  • Due to immune responses caused by a high dose of adenoviral vector containing OTC, Gelsinger died four days later because of multi-organ failure . (medcraveonline.com)
Genome5
  • Synthesis of data from published human genetic association studies is a critical step in the translation of human genome discoveries into health applications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genome sequence map, chromosome architecture and genetic sequencing chart abstract data. (shutterstock.com)
  • Though long dismissed as genetic curiosities, with little relevance for evolution, they are now recognized to affect a wide swath of biological processes, ranging from genome size and architecture to speciation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the whole-genome sequence of D. officinale is publicly available, this species is poised to become a convenient research model for the evolutionary, developmental, and genetic studies of Orchidaceae. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, gene vectors, which insert themselves into the host genome in order to achieve persistent protein expression, can trigger oncogenesis by upregulating cellular protooncogenes. (jci.org)
Abstract4
Herpes simpl1
Insect3
  • In this study, we focused on the improvement of gene delivery efficiency of a newly emerged viral vector originated from insect viruses, namely baculovirus. (nus.edu.sg)
  • EU funding allows Infravec2 to provide researchers worldwide with insect vector research products and services at no cost to the recipients. (pasteur.fr)
  • New genetic control methods, related to the ancestral sterile insect technique (SIT), show particular promise and are being developed in response to increasing health and agricultural challenges. (cirad.fr)
Controlling vector competence1
  • As a consequence, a great amount of intra-population variability has been detected, and it is likely that this variability may extend to the genetic mechanisms controlling vector competence. (pasteur.fr)
Genomic2
Humans1
  • T. cruzi is a parasitic protozoan that consists of a heterogeneous population composed of a pool of strains circulating in both the domestic and sylvatic cycles in humans, vectors, and animal reservoirs (Souto et al. (scielo.br)
Sequences3
  • Based on 296 C. hominis and 195 C. parvum GP60 sequences from human origin, the genetic diversities of Cryptosporidium was estimated for several nations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In other words, the exposure to infectious oocysts in a human population could be indirectly measured by quantifying the genetic diversities of C. hominis and C. parvum DNA sequences, as found in human fecal samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adenoviral vectors with all viral coding sequences deleted offer the prospect of decreased host immune responses to viral proteins, decreased cellular toxicity of viral proteins and increased capacity to accommodate large regulatory DNA regions. (nih.gov)
Aedes1
Molecule structure2
Global viral vector1
  • 107 Pages Report] The global viral vector manufacturing market was valued at USD 273.2 million in 2017 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 20.0% during the forecast period to reach to USD 815.8 million by 2023. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Anopheles4
Infectious1
  • In the USA, Ixodes scapularis also vectors the infectious agents that cause human babesiosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne relapsing fever and Powassan encephalitis. (nature.com)
Protein2
  • This review provides a survey of these advances as well as several remaining challenges, focusing in particular on the importance of achieving adequate levels of protein expression from a limited number of vector copies per cell-ideally one to two. (nih.gov)
  • In mice and flies, the Arc protein forms capsids and carries genetic information. (the-scientist.com)
Efficiently1
  • In this report, we show that these vectors can be used to efficiently introduce point mutations and deletions into the chromosome of Vibrio cholerae. (nih.gov)
Quantization2
North America1
  • The genus Ixodes includes multiple species of medical and veterinary importance, most notably serving as vectors of Lyme borreliosis in North America, Europe and Asia. (nature.com)
Vivo3
  • however, there is still work to be done in improvements to the vector system and moving the in vitro studies in vivo . (biotechniques.com)
  • Adenoviral vectors are frequently used for gene transfer because of their high cellular transduction efficiency in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • Currently most vectors used in vivo for preclinical and clinical studies express cDNAs under the control of heterologous eukaryotic or viral promoters. (nih.gov)
20171
  • In 2017, the European Commission gave its go-ahead to Infravec2, the EU-funded global source for no-cost vector research products and services. (pasteur.fr)
Bacteria1
Functional3
Molecular1
Diversity3
  • The hypothesis that genetic diversity at GP60 locus mirrors notification rates of human cryptosporidiosis was not rejected based on the data presented. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we test the hypothesis that the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium at the GP60 locus from human isolates positively correlates with the population risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Selfish genetic elements have now been described in most groups of organisms, and they demonstrate a remarkable diversity in the ways by which they promote their own transmission. (wikipedia.org)
Transformation1
Transposable1
  • Then, in the early 1950s, Barbara McClintock published a series of papers describing the existence of transposable elements , which are now recognized to be among the most successful selfish genetic elements. (wikipedia.org)
Genotoxicity2
  • By comparing the genotoxicity of vectors with matched active LTRs, we were able to determine that substantially greater LV integration loads are required to approach the same oncogenic risk as γRVs. (jci.org)
  • Our findings strongly support the use of SIN viral vector platforms and show that ISS can substantially modulate genotoxicity. (jci.org)
Illustration3
Animal Cell Technology | SpringerLink
Animal Cell Technology | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
CDC - Malaria - Malaria Worldwide - How Can Malaria Cases and Deaths Be Reduced? - Larval Control and Other Vector Control...
CDC - Malaria - Malaria Worldwide - How Can Malaria Cases and Deaths Be Reduced? - Larval Control and Other Vector Control... (cdc.gov)
Study of Gene Therapy Using a Lentiviral Vector to Treat X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease - Full Text View -...
Study of Gene Therapy Using a Lentiviral Vector to Treat X-linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease - Full Text View -... (clinicaltrials.gov)
Detailed examination of the Viral Vectors and Plasmid DNA Manufacturing Market: | Medgadget
Detailed examination of the Viral Vectors and Plasmid DNA Manufacturing Market: | Medgadget (medgadget.com)
How Gene Therapy Works | HowStuffWorks
How Gene Therapy Works | HowStuffWorks (science.howstuffworks.com)
Professor Gary Foster - Infection and Immunity Research Theme publications
Professor Gary Foster - Infection and Immunity Research Theme publications (bristol.ac.uk)
Dna Helix Molecule From Stem Cell For Biotech Genetic Medical Engineering Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution 973570082 |...
Dna Helix Molecule From Stem Cell For Biotech Genetic Medical Engineering Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution 973570082 |... (istockphoto.com)
Genetic Engineering Of Dna Human Genome For Scientific Research 3d Render Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution 973576864 |...
Genetic Engineering Of Dna Human Genome For Scientific Research 3d Render Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution 973576864 |... (istockphoto.com)
A Chromosome Is A Dna Molecule Of The Genetic Material Of An Organism 3d Render Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution...
A Chromosome Is A Dna Molecule Of The Genetic Material Of An Organism 3d Render Stock Video & More Clips of 4K Resolution... (istockphoto.com)
Lentivirus Genome
Lentivirus Genome (news-medical.net)
Glover, David M. [WorldCat Identities]
Glover, David M. [WorldCat Identities] (worldcat.org)
Crisprcas9 Stock Photo & More Pictures of Biology | iStock
Crisprcas9 Stock Photo & More Pictures of Biology | iStock (istockphoto.com)
Royalty Free Genetic Mutation Pictures, Images and Stock Photos - iStock
Royalty Free Genetic Mutation Pictures, Images and Stock Photos - iStock (istockphoto.com)
The Arabidopsis Purple Acid Phosphatase AtPAP10 Is Predominantly Associated with the Root Surface and Plays an Important Role...
The Arabidopsis Purple Acid Phosphatase AtPAP10 Is Predominantly Associated with the Root Surface and Plays an Important Role... (plantphysiol.org)
Cystic echinococcosis in Poland: genetic variability and the first record of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1 genotype...
Cystic echinococcosis in Poland: genetic variability and the first record of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1 genotype... (link.springer.com)
Fighting diseases with genetic therapy - Daily Press
Fighting diseases with genetic therapy - Daily Press (dailypress.com)
Western Waters Invasive Species and Disease Research Program
Western Waters Invasive Species and Disease Research Program (usgs.gov)
Chromosome Dna Structure Medicine Concept Low Poly Polygonal Triangle Gene Therapy Cure Genetic Disease Gmo Engineering Crispr...
Chromosome Dna Structure Medicine Concept Low Poly Polygonal Triangle Gene Therapy Cure Genetic Disease Gmo Engineering Crispr... (istockphoto.com)
Remodeling of intermediate metabolism in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under nitrogen stress | Proceedings of the...
Remodeling of intermediate metabolism in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under nitrogen stress | Proceedings of the... (pnas.org)