Gene silencing. Medical search

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.

The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Those genes found in an organism which are necessary for its viability and normal function.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in a medical school.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era.

A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder.

Violation of laws, regulations, or professional standards.

The DNA-binding polycomb group protein pleiohomeotic mediates silencing of a Drosophila homeotic gene. (1/10081)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins repress homeotic genes in cells where these genes must remain inactive during development. This repression requires cis-acting silencers, also called PcG response elements. Currently, these silencers are ill-defined sequences and it is not known how PcG proteins associate with DNA. Here, we show that the Drosophila PcG protein Pleiohomeotic binds to specific sites in a silencer of the homeotic gene Ultrabithorax. In an Ultrabithorax reporter gene, point mutations in these Pleiohomeotic binding sites abolish PcG repression in vivo. Hence, DNA-bound Pleiohomeotic protein may function in the recruitment of other non-DNA-binding PcG proteins to homeotic gene silencers. (+info)

A conserved nuclear element with a role in mammalian gene regulation. (2/10081)

Mammalian genomes contain numerous fragments of DNA that are derived from inactivated transposable elements. The accumulation and persistence of these elements is generally attributed to transposase activity rather than through possession or acquisition of a function of value to the host genome. Here we describe such a repetitive element, named ALF (forannexin VILINE-2fragment), comprising 130 bp of DNA derived from a LINE-2 sequence, which functions as a potent T-cell-specific silencer. The expansion of the DNA database arising as a result of the human genome sequencing project enabled us to identify ALF in, or close to, several well characterized genes including those for annexin VI, interleukin-4 and protein kinase C-beta. A systematic analysis of the entire LINE-2 sequence revealed that ALF, and not other regions of the LINE-2 sequence, was especially highly represented in the human genome. Acquisition of a function by this repetitive element may explain its abundance. These data show that a conserved fragment of an interspersed nuclear element has the potential to modulate gene expression, a discovery that has broad implications for the way in which we view so-called 'junk' DNA and our understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation. (+info)

Gene silencing: Maintaining methylation patterns. (3/10081)

Recent studies of an Arabidopsis gene family have shown that inverted repeats can be potent silencers of other identical sequences in the genome, causing them to become stably methylated at cytosine residues. From mutations affecting this process we are beginning to understand how methylation patterns are maintained. (+info)

Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no protein. (4/10081)

A mutation that disrupts post-transcriptional gene silencing in Neurospora crassa has been found to affect the homologue of a plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This enzyme may produce a specificity determinant of gene silencing and mediate an epigenetic conversion at the RNA level. (+info)

The 5'-untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA suppresses translational repression mediated by the 3' adenosine-uridine-rich element and the poly(A) tail. (5/10081)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA levels are controlled post-transcriptionally by the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) adenosine-uridine-rich element (ARE). In untransformed, resting cells, the ARE targets GM-CSF mRNA for rapid degradation, thereby significantly suppressing protein expression. We used a rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) cell-free system to examine translational regulation of GM-CSF expression. We uncoupled decay rates from rates of translation by programming the RRL with an excess of mRNAs. Capped, full-length, polyadenyl-ated human GM-CSF mRNA (full-length 5'-UTR AUUUA+A90) and an ARE-modified version (full-length 5'-UTR AUGUA+A90) produced identical amounts of protein. When the 5'-UTR was replaced with an irrelevant synthetic leader sequence (syn 5'-UTR), translation of syn 5'-UTR AUUUA+A90 mRNA was suppressed by >20-fold. Mutation of the ARE or removal of the poly(A) tail relieved this inhibition. Thus, in the absence of a native 5'-UTR, the ARE and poly(A) tail act in concert to block GM-CSF mRNA translation. Substitutions of different regions of the native 5'-UTR revealed that the entire sequence was essential in maintaining the highest rates of translation. However, shorter 10-12 nt contiguous 5'-UTR regions supported 50-60% of maximum translation. The 5'-UTR is highly conserved, suggesting similar regulation in multiple species and in these studies was the dominant element regulating GM-CSF mRNA translation, overriding the inhibitory effects of the ARE and the poly(A) tail. (+info)

DOT4 links silencing and cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (6/10081)

Transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs at specific loci and is mediated by a multiprotein complex that includes Rap1p and the Sir proteins. We studied the function of a recently identified gene, DOT4, that disrupts silencing when overexpressed. DOT4 encodes an ubiquitin processing protease (hydrolase) that is primarily located in the nucleus. By two-hybrid analysis, the amino-terminal third of Dot4p interacts with the silencing protein Sir4p. Cells lacking DOT4 exhibited reduced silencing and a corresponding decrease in the level of Sir4p. Together, these findings suggest that Dot4p regulates silencing by acting on Sir4p. In strains with several auxotrophic markers, loss of DOT4 ubiquitin hydrolase activity also results in a slow-growth defect. The defect can be partially suppressed by mutations in a subunit of the 26S proteasome, suggesting that Dot4p has the ability to prevent ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Furthermore, wild-type SIR2, SIR3, and SIR4 are required for full manifestation of the growth defect in a dot4 strain, indicating that the growth defect is caused in part by a silencing-related mechanism. We propose that Dot4p helps to restrict the location of silencing proteins to a limited set of genomic loci. (+info)

Protein kinase A regulates cholinergic gene expression in PC12 cells: REST4 silences the silencing activity of neuron-restrictive silencer factor/REST. (7/10081)

The role of protein kinase A in regulating transcription of the cholinergic gene locus, which contains both the vesicular acetylcholine transporter gene and the choline acetyltransferase gene, was investigated in PC12 cells and a protein kinase A-deficient PC12 mutant, A126.1B2, in which transcription of the gene is reduced. The site of action of protein kinase A was localized to a neuron-restrictive silencer element/repressor element 1 (NRSE/RE-1) sequence within the cholinergic gene. Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (NRSF)/RE-1-silencing transcription factor (REST), the transcription factor which binds to NRSE/RE-1, was expressed at similar levels in both PC12 and A126.1B2 cells. Although nuclear extracts containing NRSF/REST from A126.1B2 exhibited binding to NRSE/RE-1, nuclear extracts from PC12 cells did not. The NRSF/REST isoform REST4 was expressed in PC12 cells but not in A126.1B2. REST4 inhibited binding of NRSF/REST to NRSE/RE-1 as determined by gel mobility shift assays. Coimmunoprecipitation was used to demonstrate interaction between NRSF/REST and REST4. Expression of recombinant REST4 in A126.1B2 was sufficient to transcriptionally activate the cholinergic gene locus. Thus, in PC12 cells, protein kinase A promotes the production of REST4, which inhibits repression of the cholinergic gene locus by NRSF/REST. (+info)

Delayed translational silencing of ceruloplasmin transcript in gamma interferon-activated U937 monocytic cells: role of the 3' untranslated region. (8/10081)

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an acute-phase protein with ferroxidase, amine oxidase, and pro- and antioxidant activities. The primary site of Cp synthesis in human adults is the liver, but it is also synthesized by cells of monocytic origin. We have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces the synthesis of Cp mRNA and protein in monocytic cells. We now report that the induced synthesis of Cp is terminated by a mechanism involving transcript-specific translational repression. Cp protein synthesis in U937 cells ceased after 16 h even in the presence of abundant Cp mRNA. RNA isolated from cells treated with IFN-gamma for 24 h exhibited a high in vitro translation rate, suggesting that the transcript was not defective. Ribosomal association of Cp mRNA was examined by sucrose centrifugation. When Cp synthesis was high, i.e., after 8 h of IFN-gamma treatment, Cp mRNA was primarily associated with polyribosomes. However, after 24 h, when Cp synthesis was low, Cp mRNA was primarily in the nonpolyribosomal fraction. Cytosolic extracts from cells treated with IFN-gamma for 24 h, but not for 8 h, contained a factor which blocked in vitro Cp translation. Inhibitor expression was cell type specific and present in extracts of human cells of myeloid origin, but not in several nonmyeloid cells. The inhibitory factor bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Cp mRNA, as shown by restoration of in vitro translation by synthetic 3'-UTR added as a "decoy" and detection of a binding complex by RNA gel shift analysis. Deletion mapping of the Cp 3'-UTR indicated an internal 100-nucleotide region of the Cp 3'-UTR that was required for complex formation as well as for silencing of translation. Although transcript-specific translational control is common during development and differentiation and global translational control occurs during responses to cytokines and stress, to our knowledge, this is the first report of translational silencing of a specific transcript following cytokine activation. (+info)

MiRNA Gene silencing Nam, Seungyoon; Kim Bumjin; Shin Seokmin; Lee Sanghyuk (Jan 2008). "miRGator: an integrated system for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiRGator

The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters causes stable silencing of genes.[18] Silencing of a ... Methylation of CpG islands stably silences genes[edit]. In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5 position of the pyrimidine ... 2 Methylation, silencing, cancer, and aging *2.1 CpG islands in promoters. *2.2 Methylation of CpG islands stably silences ... DNA repair genes with hyper/hypo-methylated promoters in cancers[edit]. DNA repair genes are frequently repressed in cancers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CpG_island

... has been used to silence an organism's genes. By modifying an organism to express microRNA targeted to its endogenous genes, ... By removing the genes in the plasmid that caused the tumor and adding in novel genes researchers were able to infect plants ... Schwab, Rebecca; Ossowski, Stephan; Warthmann, Norman; Weigel, Detlef (2010-01-01). "Directed Gene Silencing with Artificial ... The ability to partially reduce gene function has allowed the study of genes that are lethal when completely knocked out. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_genetic_engineering

This can result in gene silencing. This silencing of genes can be dangerous to cells, especially when the genes silenced are ... 2012). An overproduction of MiRNAs can cause the epigenetic silencing of many important genes such as MITF, FOXO3, TFAP2C, ... It is a gene that, when hypermethylated, loses function (Muthusamy et al., 2006). This gene is found in 30- 89% of melanoma ... TABLE 1. Various genes targeted by promoter hypermethylation in malignant melanoma Some of the genes affected by cytosine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_and_melanoma

"Human BAHD1 promotes heterochromatic gene silencing". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (33): 13826-31. Bibcode:2009PNAS.. ... acts as an inhibitor of BAHD1 and activates interferon-stimulated genes. The BAHD1 gene is downregulated in the colon tissue in ... "Entrez Gene: BAHD1". Retrieved 2016-10-22. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H ... Bromo adjacent homology domain containing 1 (BAHD1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAHD1 gene. BAHD1 is involved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromo_adjacent_homology_domain_containing_1

... gene. Silencing the mutant gene using ddRNAi offers a potential therapeutic approach. Besides the ex vivo approach by the City ... that once processed bring about silencing of a target gene or genes. Any RNA, including endogenous mRNAs or viral RNAs, can be ... The shRNA molecules are then processed by endogenous systems and enter the RNAi pathway and silence the desired genes. Unlike ... DNA-directed RNA interference (ddRNAi) is a gene-silencing technique that utilizes DNA constructs to activate an animal cell's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-directed_RNA_interference

... gene silencing can be used. Previously, siRNAs have been commonly used to suppress gene expressions, but more recently, shRNA ... rather than solely focusing on one gene. It can provide insight into additional information such as gene-gene interactions, ... This system can recognize and cleave specific DNA sequences, and thus is a powerful system for gene silencing purposes. An ... Lambeth LS, Smith CA (2013). "Short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing". Methods in Molecular Biology. 942: 205-32. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_pharmacogenomics

Other functions of H2A have been seen in the histone variant H2A.Z. This variant is associated with gene activation, silencing ... H2A.Z gene is an essential gene in yeast and it is denoted as Htz1. Comparatively, vertebrates have two H2A.Z genes. These ... H2AZ is a variant that exchanges with conventional H2A core protein; this variant is important for gene silencing. Physically, ... Variability in gene sequence was seen in bacterial, fungi, plant, and mammalian genes. One variant of H2A protein is H2ABbd ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2A

Something about silencing protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UTP3 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: SAS10 disrupter of silencing 10". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001 ... 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs ... 2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTP3

McManus, Michael T.; Petersen, Christian P.; Haines, Brian B.; Chen, Jianzhu; Sharp, Phillip A. (June 2002). "Gene silencing ... If the repressor is bound upstream of a gene, such as in an operator sequence, then it would be repressing the gene's ... One common cause of familial Alzheimer's is mutation in the PSEN1 gene. This gene encodes a protein that cleaves certain ... which derepresses enhancer activity on the maternal Igf2 gene. This abnormal derepression and increase in gene expression can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derepression

PPRHs could be used as gene silencing tools acting by different mechanisms than triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), ... for Gene Silencing and Triplex‐Affinity Capture: Design, Synthesis, and Use". Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry. 77 ( ... "Detection of a G-Quadruplex as a Regulatory Element in Thymidylate synthase for Gene Silencing Using Polypurine Reverse ... "Improved Design of PPRHS for Gene Silencing". Molecular Pharmaceutics. 12 (3): 867-877. doi:10.1021/mp5007008. PMID 25615267. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypurine_reverse-Hoogsteen_hairpin

Gene silencing at this location depends on components of the RNAi pathway. Double-stranded RNA is believed to result in ... Facultative heterochromatin is the result of genes that are silenced through a mechanism such as histone deacetylation or Piwi- ... Both RNAi and an exosome-dependent RNA degradation process contribute to heterochromatic gene silencing. These mechanisms of ... Fisher AG, Merkenschlager M (April 2002). "Gene silencing, cell fate and nuclear organisation". Current Opinion in Genetics & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin

Hunter, Philip (2007). "The silence of genes. Is genomic imprinting the software of evolution or just a battleground for gender ... This, too, is believed to be attributable to the action of imprinted genes. A male hinny is properly called a horse hinny, and ... Wang, Xu; Miller, Donald C.; Harman, Rebecca; Antczak, Douglas F.; Clark, Andrew G. (2013). "Paternally expressed genes ... whereby the expression of a gene is determined by its origin rather than its DNA sequence". Like mules, hinnies express broad ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinny

Lcyc gene in Linaria vulgaris described below; RNA silencing, in which small RNA strands interfere (RNAi) with the ... in which an mRNA or protein product of a gene stimulates transcription of the gene; e.g. Wor1 gene in Candida albicans; ... Vastenhouw NL, Brunschwig K, Okihara KL, Müller F, Tijsterman M, Plasterk RH (August 2006). "Gene expression: long-term gene ... the resultant F1 offspring all display low pigmentation which is due to gene silencing of b1. Unexpectedly, when F1 plants are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_epigenetic_inheritance

Hypermethylation of ID4 causes silencing of the gene. This has been identified as a significant independent risk factor for ... The ID4 gene is part of the ID gene family. This family is also known as inhibitors of DNA binding protein family and are ... 2017). "Id genes are essential for early heart formation". Genes & Development. 31 (13): 1325-1338. doi:10.1101/gad.300400.117 ... The gene spans 3.3kb on the plus strand. It is composed of 3 exons and during transcription its mRNA is 2343 bp. The encoded ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID4

Rodionov, O; Lobocka, M; Yarmolinsky, M (Jan 22, 1999). "Silencing of genes flanking the P1 plasmid centromere". Science. 283 ( ... The parA and parB genes are typically found in the same operon, with parS elements located within or adjacent to this operon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ParABS_system

De Riso, V; Raniello, R.; Maumus, F.; Rogato, A.; Bowler, C.; Falciatore, A. (2009). "Gene silencing in the marine diatom ... prokaryote-like genes, an unusually large proportion. Over 30000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been organized into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeodactylum_tricornutum

Gene silencing can be achieved by introducing into cells a short "antisense oligonucleotide" that is complementary to an RNA ... Watts, J.K.; Corey, D.R. (2012). "Silencing Disease Genes in the Laboratory and in the Clinic". J. Pathol. 226 (2): 365-379. ... This makes the mechanism of gene silencing catalytic. Double-stranded RNA can also act as a catalytic, enzyme-dependent ... Radioactively or fluorescently labelled antisense RNA can be used to show the level of transcription of genes in various cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_(molecular_biology)

Staff (March 2007). "Gene Silencing 2006 - Interview with Dr. Manel Esteller". esi-topics.com. Retrieved 8 May 2011. Pennings, ... Genes & Cancer. 2 (6): 603. June 2011. doi:10.1177/1947601911423098. ISSN 1947-6019. PMC 3174267. PMID 21941615. Staff. "Cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manel_Esteller

2002). "HLTF gene silencing in human colon cancer". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (7): 4562-7. doi:10.1073/pnas.062459899. ... Helicase-like transcription factor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HLTF gene. This gene encodes a member of the ... "Entrez Gene: HLTF helicase-like transcription factor". Unk I, Hajdú I, Blastyák A, Haracska L (Jan 2010). "Role of yeast Rad5 ... Lin Y, Sheridan PL, Jones KA, Evans GA (Nov 1995). "The HIP116 SNF2/SW12-related transcription factor gene (SNF2L3) is located ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLTF

"Retraction: 'An enhanced transient expression system in plants based on suppression of gene silencing by the p19 protein of ... Hammond, Scott M.; Caudy, Amy A.; Hannon, Gregory J. (Feb 2001). "Post-transcriptional gene silencing by double-stranded RNA". ... Johansen, Lisa K.; Carrington, James C. (2001-07-01). "Silencing on the Spot. Induction and Suppression of RNA Silencing in the ... An enhanced transient expression system in plants based on suppression of gene silencing by the p19 protein of tomato bushy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agroinfiltration

... releases gene silencing caused by DNA methylation. BrdU can also be used to identify microorganisms that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromodeoxyuridine

In the late 1990s, Waterhouse led the CSIRO group which discovered that gene silencing and transgene-mediated virus resistance ... Waterhouse, P. M.; Wang, M. B.; Lough, T. (2001). "Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses". Nature. 411 (6839): ... Waterhouse, P. M.; Helliwell, C. A. (2003). "Exploring plant genomes by RNA-induced gene silencing". Nature Reviews Genetics. 4 ... "Virus resistance and gene silencing in plants can be induced by simultaneous expression of sense and antisense RNA". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Waterhouse_(scientist)

For example, silencing of tumour-suppressor genes in cancer can be attributed to DNA methylation. By identifying mutational ... Esteller M (April 2007). "Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer: the DNA hypermethylome". Hum. Mol. Genet. 16 (Spec No 1): R50-9 ... Gene-set analysis (for example using tools like DAVID and GoSeq) has been shown to be severely biased when applied to high- ... The genes contained in these regions are of functional interest as they may offer a mechanistic explanation to the underlying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylated_DNA_immunoprecipitation

The disruption in methylation patterns can cause the silencing of genes or the over-expression of genes, leading to abnormal ... Xi S, Zhu H, Xu H, Schmidtmann A, Geiman TM, Muegge K (September 2007). "Lsh controls Hox gene silencing during development". ... Fan T, Hagan JP, Kozlov SV, Stewart CL, Muegge K (February 2005). "Lsh controls silencing of the imprinted Cdkn1c gene". ... The HELLS gene has proved to play critical roles in DNA methylation, chromatin packaging, control of Hox genes, stem cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HELLS

"Tearless Onion Created In Lab Using Gene Silencing". ScienceDaily. 5 February 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2016. Kim, Ha-Yeon; ... However, since the LFS-silencing process involves reducing sulfur ingestion by the plant, it has also been suggested that LFS− ... In early 2018, Bayer released the first crop yield of commercially available LFS-silenced onions under the name "Sunions." They ... "Silencing Onion Lachrymatory Factor Synthase Causes a Significant Change in the Sulfur Secondary Metabolite Profile". Plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion

Edovitsky, Evgeny; Elkin, Michael; Zcharia, Eyal; Peretz, Tamar; Vlodavsky, Israel (2004-08-18). "Heparanase gene silencing, ... gene cloning, expression and function in tumor progression and metastasis". Nature Medicine. 5 (7): 793-802. doi:10.1038/10518 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trousseau_sign_of_malignancy

Her research focuses on gene silencing and paramutation. Chandler married at age 17, and divorced at age 19 with two daughters ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicki_Chandler

... he discovered that genes are silenced when placed within fission yeast centromeres and telomeres, and then utilised this gene ... Ard, Ryan; Allshire, Robin C (2016). "Transcription-coupled changes to chromatin underpin gene silencing by transcriptional ... Torres-Garcia, Sito (2020). "Epigenetic gene silencing by heterochromatin primes fungal resistance". Nature. 585 (7825): 453- ... Nimmo, Elaine R; Pidoux, Alison L; Perry, Paul E; Allshire, Robin C (1998). "Defective meiosis in telomere-silencing mutants of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Allshire

"Gene technology: gene silencing. The inventors and patents". CSIRO. Nicholson, Brendan (7 January 2006). "Australia's Key Role ... 1995 - Gene silencing - A CSIRO team led by Dr Peter Waterhouse discovered that double-stranded RNA was the trigger for RNA ... 1986 - Gene shears - The discovery of gene shears was made by CSIRO scientists, Wayne Gerlach and Jim Haseloff. So-called ... "Gene Shears - Australian scientists are using Gene Shears to fight disease". Questacon National Science and Technology Centre, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_inventions

The Race Beat by Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff (2007). *What Hath God Wrought by Daniel Walker Howe (2008) ... "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" (1967). *"I've Been to the Mountaintop" (1968) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_in_the_King_Years

Yamashita, D., Minami, S. B., Kanzaki, S., Ogawa, K., & Miller, J. M. (2008). Bcl-2 genes regulate noise-induced hearing loss. ... to fatigue and temporary hearing loss if the outer hair cells do not get the opportunity to recover through periods of silence. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listener_fatigue

... by adding antisense genes to silence the native gene or by adding extra copies of the native gene.[45][46] ... Scientists in India have delayed the ripening of tomatoes by silencing two genes encoding N-glycoprotein modifying enzymes, α- ... A genetically modified tomato, or transgenic tomato, is a tomato that has had its genes modified, using genetic engineering. ... A gene from rice (Osmyb4), which codes for a transcription factor, that was shown to increase cold and drought tolerance in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_tomato

"The Government Is Trying to Silence 21 Kids Hurt by Climate Change". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2018-10-24 ... "The (Eugene, OR) Register-Guard. Retrieved 2018-10-05.. *^ Docket number 18A65 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v._United_States

"Eugene Laverty joins DRIVE M7 Aspar Team for 2015". motogp.com.. *^ "Lorenzo holds off Rossi at Le Mans". crash.net. May 17, ... After silencing his critics in 2005 by winning his home race and scoring a multitude of podiums, 2006 would be an even better ... He was joined in the team by Eugene Laverty, who moved across from the Superbike World Championship.[158] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky_Hayden

The Edge of Silence - Works for Voice by György Kurtág von Susan Narucki (Donald Berman, Curtis Macomber, Kathryn Schulmeister ... Tunnel Vision von Gene Moore. *Settle Here von William Murphy. *Something's Happening! A Christmas Album von CeCe Winans ...

https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Awards_2020

Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes". These are a broad class of genes that encode RNA which is not translated into protein. The most ... Herr A.J. et al (2005). "RNA polymerase IV directs silencing of endogenous DNA". Science 308 (5718): 118-20. doi:10.1126/ ... However, since the late 1990s, many new RNA genes have been found, and thus RNA genes may play a much more significant role ... Genes, factors and transcriptional specificity". Eur J Biochem. 212 (1): 1-11. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17626.x. PMID ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase

If a repressive miRNA is silenced by hypermethylation or deletion, then a gene it is targeting becomes over-expressed. ... RAD51 is a eukaryotic gene. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the RAD51 protein family which assists in repair of ... Many cancers have epigenetic deficiencies in various DNA repair genes (see Frequencies of epimutations in DNA repair genes in ... Gene ontology. Molecular function. • nucleotide binding. • DNA binding. • DNA-dependent ATPase activity. • recombinase activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad51

Sun ZW, Allis CD (Jul 2002). "Ubiquitination of histone H2B regulates H3 methylation and gene silencing in yeast". Nature. 418 ... This affects their function of gene regulation. In general, genes that are active have less bound histone, while inactive genes ... Repressed genes[edit]. Three histone modifications are particularly associated with repressed genes: Trimethylation of H3 ... Hannon Bozorgmehr J (Oct 2019). "The origin of chromosomal histones in a 30S ribosomal protein". Gene. doi:10.1016/j.gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_modification

"Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) induce sequence-specific silencing in mammalian cells". Genes Dev. 16: 948-58. doi:10.1101/gad. ... In 1988 Ed Harlow demonstrates that cancer-causing and cancer-preventing genes (oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes) interact; ... The program began as an initiative of Eugene G. Blackford and Franklin Hooper, director of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and ... In 1944 Barbara McClintock discovered transposons ("jumping genes"), for which she received a Nobel Prize in 1983.[29] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Spring_Harbor_Laboratory

All three officers involved in the shooting were placed on administrative reassignment pending the outcome of an investigation[66] by the police department's internal Professional Integrity Unit.[34] On May 20, 2020, the investigation's findings were given to Daniel Cameron, Attorney General of Kentucky, to determine whether any officer should be criminally charged. Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer also asked the FBI and U.S. Attorney's Office to review the findings.[34] In early June, Fischer called for Officer Hankison to be removed from the Louisville Police Merit Board, which reviews appeals from police offices in departmental disciplinary matters.[69] Hankison was one of five members of the board, which consists of three civilians and two police officers selected by the River City Fraternal Order of Police.[69] On June 19, three months after Taylor's killing, Louisville Metro Police interim chief Robert Schroeder sent Hankison a letter notifying him that Schroeder had begun termination ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Breonna_Taylor

Siskel, Gene (September 23, 1994). "`The Shawshank Redemption' Unlocks A Journey To Freedom". Chicago Tribune. Archived from ... "90 Best Movies of the '90s, From 'The Silence of the Lambs' to 'The Matrix' (Photos)". TheWrap. Archived from the original on ... Darabont looked initially at some of his favorite actors, such as Gene Hackman and Robert Duvall, for the role of Andy Dufresne ... Gene Siskel said that like One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, The Shawshank Redemption is an inspirational drama about overcoming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shawshank_Redemption

"for his discovery of آران‌ای سرکوبگر - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[۷۹] ... Eugene Paul Wigner United States "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/فهرست_یهودیان_برنده_جایزه_نوبل

Virus Genes. 43: 289-295. doi:10.1007/s11262-011-0621-9. Smith, D.; Fritz, C.; Watson, Q.; Willis, D.; German, T.; Phibbs, A.; ... The NSs protein is also a non-structural protein and contributes to suppression of RNA silencing during plant infection. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean_vein_necrosis_virus

... posttranskripční genový silencing (PTGS), genový silencing nebo prostě gene silencing). Poté, co byl fenomén popsán na ... Introduction of a chalcone synthase gene into Petunia results in reversible co-suppression of homologous genes in trans". Plant ... Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in ... The RNA Silencing Pathway: The Bits and Pieces That Matter[nedostupný zdroj] ...

https://cs.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference

Eugene Paul Wigner; Andrew Szanton (1992). Andrew Szanton, ed. The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner As Told to Andrew Szanton ... But Ben-Gurion took his silence to be a "No." So he said: "Better scientist than you believes in God."" As told by Hannes ... Eugene Dynkin (1924-2014): Soviet and American mathematician. He has made contributions to the fields of probability and ... Haldane was also the first to construct human gene maps for haemophilia and colour blindness on the X chromosome and he was one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q IMMUNOLOGY - CHAPTER ONE - INNATE (NON-SPECIFIC) IMMUNITY Gene Mayer, Ph.D. Immunology ... RNA silencing mechanisms are also important in the plant systemic response, as they can block virus replication.[40] The ... On one hand, γδ T cells may be considered a component of adaptive immunity in that they rearrange TCR genes to produce ... Baulcombe D (September 2004). "RNA silencing in plants". Nature. 431 (7006): 356-63. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..356B. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Cancers, such as ovarian and cervical cancers, add a methyl (CH3) group which silences, or disables, the gene which may be able ... "Entrez Gene: PAX1 paired box gene 1". "Genes and Mapped Phenotypes". Hofmann C, Drossopoulou G, McMahon A, Balling R, Tickle C ... Paired box protein Pax-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX1 gene. This gene is a member of the paired box (PAX ... 1996). "PAX genes and human neural tube defects: an amino acid substitution in PAX1 in a patient with spina bifida". J. Med. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX1

Silence Of The LambsThe Silence of the Lambs. 1937-12-31(1937-12-31)December 31, 1937. March 30, 1992 (1992-03-30). ... Hackman, GeneGene Hackman. French ConnectionThe French Connection. 1930-01-30(1930-01-30)January 30, 1930. April 10, 1972 (1972 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Best_Actor_winners_by_age

Eugene B. Borowitz, Exploring Jewish Ethics: Papers on Covenant Responsibility, Wayne State University Press, 1990 p.129:'Galut ... Afterwards there is an eerie silence, and the archaeological record testifies to little Jewish presence until the Byzantine era ... "Genetics & the Jews (it's still complicated) : Gene Expression". Blogs.discovermagazine.com. 10 June 2010. Bibcode:2010Natur. ... "Jews Are a 'Race,' Genes Reveal -". Forward.com. Retrieved 12 April 2013.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora

... : City of silence». BBC News. Besøkt 7. juli 2020.. *^ «China Inaugurates the first biocontainment level 4 laboratory in ... På fremste rad synes Soong Ching-ling, T.V. Soong, Eugene Chen og Sun Fo. Den tredje fra høyre på andre rad er Mao Zedong. ...

https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan

Verchot-Lubicz, Jeanmarie (2003). "Soilborne viruses: advances in virus movement, virus induced gene silencing, and engineered ... ISBN 0-8153-3218-1. [1] Chapter 7: Control of Gene Expression, pp 451-452. Ding, S. W.; Voinnet, O. (2007). "Antiviral Immunity ... in which the presence of certain RNA sequences can turn genes on and off," according to Virologist Robert Garry from the Tulane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_virus

"Forty years of decoding the silence in X-chromosome inactivation". Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Oct 1;10(20):2225-32. PMID 11673405 ... Värv S, Kristjuhan K, Kristjuhan A."RNA polymerase II determines the area of nucleosome loss in transcribed gene loci". Biochem ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromatiin

miRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing via inhibiting translation or involvement in RNAi pathways. Some ... Hallmarks include mutations to the alpha-synuclein gene, SNCA, as well as PARK2, PINK1, UCHL1, DJ1, and LRRK2 genes, and ... A gene called c9orf72 was found to have a hexanucleotide repeat in the non-coding region of the gene in association with ALS ... To date, multiple genes and proteins have been implicated in ALS. One of the common themes between many of these genes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases

Hamilton A. & Baulcombe D (1999). "A species of small antisense RNA in posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants". Science ... Small interfering RNAs (sometimes called silencing RNAs) interfere with the expression of a specific gene. They are quite small ... There are a number of RNAs which regulate genes, that is, they regulate the rate at which genes are transcribed or translated.[ ... Phage genomes may code for as few as four genes,[10] and as many as hundreds of genes. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA

Gene Santoro, quoted in Carson (2001), p. 86. *^ "Led Zeppelin Teen-Clubs, Box 45, Egegaard Skole - September 7, 1968". Led ... which consists of striking a cymbal and then immediately silencing it by grabbing it with the other hand (or, in some cases, ... Although Gene Simmons of Kiss claims to have been the first to make the gesture on the 1977 Love Gun album cover, there is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Metal_music

... create silence, bring about silence; God's Word cannot be heard, and if in order to be heard in the hullabaloo it must be ... Eugene: Wipf and Stock. ISBN 978-1-6218-9434-6. .. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link). ... in this silence is the beginning, which is, first to seek God's kingdom. In this wise, a godly wise, one gets to the beginning ... so also does much fear and trembling render the voice mute in silence. This the true man of prayer knows well, and he who was ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Søren_Kierkegaard

"Double strand breaks can initiate gene silencing and SIRT1-dependent onset of DNA methylation in an exogenous promoter CpG ... Morris KL (2008). "Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression". RNA and the Regulation of Gene Expression: A Hidden Layer of ... Thus, as individuals develop, morphogens activate or silence genes in an epigenetically heritable fashion, giving cells a ... They control gene expression including virulence genes in pathogens and are viewed as new targets in the fight against drug- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic

Different GM organisms include different genes inserted in different ways. This means that individual GM foods and their safety ... "Silence and denial in everyday life - The case of animal suffering". Animals. 1 (1): 186-199. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denialism

The Silence of the Lambs. (dt.: Das Schweigen der Lämmer) Warren Beatty för Bugsy. Robert De Niro för Cape Fear (dt.: Kap der ... Gene Kelly för Anchors Aweigh (dt.: Urlaub in Hollywood). Gregory Peck för The Keys of the Kingdom (dt.: Schlüssel zum ... Gene Hackman för Mississippi Burning (dt.: Mississippi Burning - Die Wurzel des Hasses). Tom Hanks för Big. Edward James Olmos ... Gene Hackman The French Connection. (dt.: French Connection - Brennpunkt Brooklyn) Peter Finch för Sunday, Bloody Sunday. ...

https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar/Best_Hööftdorsteller

Researchers have found that a gene they call THOR produces a long, non-coding RNA that has a role in cancer, and whose ... Experiments using laboratory-grown cancer cells expressing THOR showed that silencing the gene slowed tumor growth, and that ... The gene is in an area of the genome that does not contain instructions for making proteins. At one time, it was thought that ... They found that silencing it stopped tumors from growing.. DNA and RNA, genome and transcriptome. The human genome contains all ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320364.php?sr

Researchers have found that a gene they call THOR produces a long, non-coding RNA that has a role in cancer, and whose ... Silencing junk gene could halt tumor growth. Written by Catharine Paddock, Ph.D. on December 14, 2017. - Fact checked by ... Experiments using laboratory-grown cancer cells expressing THOR showed that silencing the gene slowed tumor growth, and that ... The gene is in an area of the genome that does not contain instructions for making proteins. At one time, it was thought that ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320364

Gene-Silencing Technique Targets Scarring. A biotech company founded by Craig Mello, codiscoverer of RNAi, brings its first ... A clinical trial of a gene-silencing treatment for reducing excessive scarring is now underway, bringing the number of active ... CTGF already has the attention of Pfizer, which recently acquired a company developing another gene-silencing technique to ... The technology holds the potential to reduce the effects of almost any gene in a human cell, if only the interfering RNAs can ...

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/428454/gene-silencing-technique-targets-scarring/

Protein involved in RNA-mediated gene silencing. This term describes a number of related processes which use 21- to 25- ... miRNA genes encode precursors with complex hairpin structures which are processed by endonucleolytic cleavage to form mature ... Finally, in RNAi-mediated chromatin silencing, siRNAs derived from repeat element transcripts are incorporated into the nuclear ... and the transcriptional regulation of mRNA by RNAi-mediated chromatin silencing. RNAi is generally triggered by the presence of ...

https://www.uniprot.org/keywords/KW-0943

This process is what is known as gene silencing.. "When a seed is created, a great number of its genes are silenced until the ... This repressed or silenced state of the genes is transmitted to the daughter cells after division so that a cellular memory is ... How gene silencing works in plants This scientific advance could have biotechnological applications in the future as the ... Gene silencing controlled by marks in the chromatin occurs in both animals and plants. The PcG complexes were first ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-07/uos-hgs072517.php

Some of the kinds of genes that are silenced are involved in controlling the cell cycle: if you silence those genes you end up ... Lots of genes are silenced in cancer; thats been known for quite a while. Those seem to involve small-RNA-dependent mechanisms ... How Gene Silencing May Provide Cures. Recent Nobel laureate Andrew Fire talks about the evolving understanding of RNA ... Researchers can now study the function of any gene by silencing it with RNAi, and then monitoring how a cells operations are ...

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/406723/how-gene-silencing-may-provide-cures/

Gene Ontology Classification of Candidate microRNA Target Genes.. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using FatiGO (21). ... MicroRNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells. Daniel H. Kim, Pål Sætrom, Ola Snøve Jr., and John J. ... MicroRNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... 2006) Argonaute-1 directs siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in human cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13:793-797. ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/105/42/16230

... to develop a Hoxb13 gene silencing tool. It is our central hypothesis that an optimized small interference RNA (siRNA), ... combined with proper delivery tools will be able to reduce Hoxb13 gene expression... ... Hoxb13 Gene Silencing by Small Interference RNA. Grant Winners. *Ling Li, Ph.D. - College of Dental Medicine ... The objective of this proposed project is, primarily, to develop a Hoxb13 gene silencing tool. It is our central hypothesis ...

https://www.nova.edu/academic-affairs/faculty-research-grant/winners0506/gene_silencing.html

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can ... Gene silencing is considered a gene knockdown mechanism since the methods used to silence genes, such as RNAi, CRISPR, or siRNA ... Gene silencing is often considered the same as gene knockdown. When genes are silenced, their expression is reduced. In ... Researchers have been looking to gene silencing as a potential therapeutic for HD. Gene silencing can be used to treat HD by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_silencing

A drug that helps to switch off one gene responsible for cholesterol helps in lowering the level of cholesterol and preventing ... Road Traffic Noise may Affect Obesity Risk: Study Genes Affected by Head Injury Causes Brain Diseases Sources of Food-borne ... A technique, known as RNA interference (RNAi) therapy using inclisiran, helps to switch off one of the genes responsible for ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/healthwatch/gene-silencing-therapy-for-cholesterol-168690-1.htm

Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated depletion of bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-1 infection. Erratum. AIDS: ... Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated depletion of bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-1 infection ... Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated depletion of bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-1 infection: Erratum ... 1. Tsukamoto T. Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated depletion of bone marrow CD34+ cells in HIV-1 infection ...

https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2018/11280/Transcriptional_gene_silencing_limits.25.aspx

This article appeared in print under the title: Silencing a gene may prevent deadly high blood pressure in pregnancy ... could be stopped in its tracks by turning off genes in the placenta. The technique, known as RNA silencing, has worked in a ... A new approach that targets gene activity may be less likely to cause unexpected side-effects because its a highly specific ... Seven years later, Moore began collaborating with Karumanchi on using her RNA silencing techniques to target the causes of pr- ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2185897-silencing-a-gene-may-prevent-deadly-pre-eclampsia-in-pregnancy/

Silencing a gene may prevent deadly pre-eclampsia in pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia affects up to 10 per cent of pregnancies. ... could be stopped in its tracks by turning off genes in the placenta. The technique, known as RNA silencing, has worked in a ... A new approach that targets gene activity may be less likely to cause unexpected side-effects because its a highly specific ... Seven years later, Moore began collaborating with Karumanchi on using her RNA silencing techniques to target the causes of pr- ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2185897-silencing-a-gene-may-prevent-deadly-pre-eclampsia-in-pregnancy/?utm_campaign=RSS%7CNSNS&utm_source=NSNS&utm_medium=RSS&utm_content=news&campaign_id=RSS%7CNSNS-news

Gene silencing pesticides are pesticides that use gene silencing, and RNA interference (RNAi) in particular to target ... Gene silencing pesticide description[dead link] Silencing the pests EOS magazine, June 2010. ... Equally surprising was that the genes were also silenced when the worms ingested the dsRNA. Steven Whyard, working for CSIRO ... Monsanto and Devgen developed a gene silencing pesticide against Diabrotica virgifera A team, led by Xiao-Ya Chen fed gossypol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_silencing_pesticide

... understanding of how genes work finally looks set to yield a new treatment for a rare hereditary disorder - and maybe a whole ... genes worked completely differently from the way scientists had thought. The central dogma of biology is that genes, made of ... After two decades, a laboratory breakthrough that upended scientists understanding of how genes work looks set to yield a ...

https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2017/09/20/after-20-years-a-drug-that-silences-genes-succeeds/

... is a rapidly developing and powerful tool to achieve gene silencing (turning a gene "off"). Gene silencing shows what happened ... Gene Silencing Makes Female Mice Less Horny. Posted by Shelley Batts on June 30, 2006 ... In this study, the authors engineered the virus to express a small hairpin of RNA whose action is to silence the gene that ... female mice lose all interest in sex when a specific gene in the brain is silenced. ...

http://scienceblogs.com/retrospectacle/2006/06/30/gene-silencing-makes-female-mi/

Home Topics Cancer Breast Cancer Cells Metastasize Post FOXP2 Speech Gene Silencing ... Breast Cancer Cells Metastasize Post FOXP2 Speech Gene Silencing. October 23, 2014. 0 ... when silenced, the FOXP2 transcription factor, otherwise known as the speech gene, endows breast cancer cells with a number of ... We then made a screen and serendipitously fished out a gene called FOXP2." ...

https://www.genengnews.com/topics/omics/breast-cancer-cells-metastasize-post-foxp2-speech-gene-silencing/

In addition, the genes they studied included a cluster of genes that strongly correlated with TGF-beta pathway activity in ... Ivanhoe Newswire) "" Many mechanisms change the activity of genes. Epigenetics determine when genes are turned on and off, and ... They identified 378 candidate methylated genes, and from these all 43 of the predicted genes the researchers analyzed showed ... with the caveat that at this point we cant epigenetically reactivate just one gene or a specific group of genes," Murphy said ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1972385/ovarian_cancer_progresses_when_genes_are_silenced/

Wilson NH, Stoeckli ET (2011) Cell type specific, traceable gene silencing for functional gene analysis during vertebrate ... Depending on the time window during which gene silencing is attempted, chicken embryos can be used in ovo or ex ovo in a domed ... The combination of accessibility and RNAi- or Crispr/Cas9-based gene silencing makes the chicken embryo a powerful model for ... Katahira T, Nakamura H (2003) Gene silencing in chick embryos with a vector-based small interfering RNA system. Develop Growth ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007/978-1-4939-9732-9_25

... the gene-silencing tool that can treat a variety of diseases if adapted in humans, say researchers at Emory University. ... It was found that enoxacin can increase how well a gene is silenced by up to a factor of ten in cultured cells and by a factor ... the gene-silencing tool that can treat a variety of diseases if adapted in humans.. The researchers have said that the ... and later added a short piece of RNA that incompletely silences the inserted gene. That way, if a potential drug tweaked the ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/antibiotics-to-enhance-gene-silencing-tool-identified-39611-1.htm

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and hairpin RNA interference (hpRNAi), both of which rely on small interfering RNAs, ... together with artificial microRNAs (amiRNA), are amongst the most popular methods for reduction of gene activity … ... Gene silencing is an important tool in the study of gene function. ... Gene silencing is an important tool in the study of gene function. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and hairpin RNA ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22211571/?dopt=Abstract

Heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing was then modulated without directly influencing HP1 as well as the deacetylases, again ... Drosophila longevity is not affected by heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing.. Frankel S1, Rogina B. ... Because the Drosophila forms of each protein can silence genes in either euchromatin or heterochromatin, we determined whether ... When silencing was increased and decreased using mutations that affect heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), but have no direct ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659213

Epigenetic silencing of maspin gene expression in human breast cancers.. Domann FE1, Rice JC, Hendrix MJ, Futscher BW. ... Thus, aberrant cytosine methylation and heterochromatinization of the maspin promoter may silence maspin gene expression, ... Moreover, maspin gene expression could be re-activated in MCF-7 cells by treatment with 5-aza-2;-deoxycytidine, a DNA ... Although expression of maspin mRNA is low or absent in most human breast cancer cells, the maspin gene is rarely re-arranged or ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10709100?dopt=Abstract

Tags: Alzheimers Disease, Antisense, Ataxia, Brain, Clinical Trial, Gene, Gene Silencing, Genes, Joseph Disease, Mutation, ... University of Michigan researchers employed nucleotide-based gene silencing to target the SCA3 disease gene, ATXN3. They ... Researchers employ nucleotide-based gene silencing to mitigate common ataxia. *Download PDF Copy ... Shortage of specific gene silencing molecules linked with pediatric low-grade gliomas ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20180620/Researchers-employ-nucleotide-based-gene-silencing-to-mitigate-common-ataxia.aspx

In early 2012, a PBL official told Gene Silencing News that the organization aims to make the IP as widely available as ... Dicerna Licenses Gene Silencing IP from Plant Bioscience Limited Apr 11, 2013 ... which broadly cover the use of small RNAs to trigger post-transcriptional gene silencing and are based on the pioneering plant ...

https://www.genomeweb.com/rnai/dicerna-licenses-gene-silencing-ip-plant-bioscience-limited

For instance, a gene causing high blood cholesterol levels was recently shown to be silenced by treating animals with silencing ... Fire and Mello deduced that double-stranded RNA can silence genes, that this RNA interference is specific for the gene whose ... Gene silencing wins pair Nobel Prize in medicine. October 2, 2006. ScienceBlog.com ... Could it be that such a double-stranded RNA molecule silences the gene carrying the same code as this particular RNA? Fire and ...

https://scienceblog.com/11643/gene-silencing-wins-pair-nobel-prize-in-medicine/

... Turgay Unver1,2 and Hikmet Budak1 ... I. B. F. Fofana, A. Sangaré, R. Collier, C. Taylor, and C. M. Fauquet, "A geminivirus-induced gene silencing system for gene ... V. Gosselé, I. Faché, F. Meulewaeter, M. Cornelissen, and M. Metzlaff, "SVISS-a novel transient gene silencing system for gene ... "Virus-induced gene silencing is an effective tool for assaying gene function in the basal eudicot species Papaver somniferum ( ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpg/2009/198680/ref/

Finally, depletion of the Dicer-TRBP complex via exogenously introduced siRNAs diminished RISC-mediated reporter gene silencing ... 8 to generate mature miRNAs that direct the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to messenger RNAs with complementary sequence9 ... by a two-step processing pathway to yield RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides that negatively regulate target gene ... Figure 4: The Dicer-TRBP complex is required for miRNA biogenesis and post-transcriptional gene silencing. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03868?error=cookies_not_supported&code=28f2e5f2-8e56-494e-8f05-9ad0d67c7052

The group wondered if the mRNA bound directly to the DNA, an interaction that silences genes in plants (see Sun et al., 2013). ... "This is a very interesting and entirely novel mechanism for gene silencing in Fragile X Syndrome that may lead to new ... "The authors provide interesting and convincing data that FMR1 mRNA causes the gene silencing," he said. ... In the presence of 1a, the FMR1 gene stayed active. However, once the repressive methylation pattern had set in and the gene ...

https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/gene-silencing-fragile-x-syndrome-explained

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing are used to regulate genes. Methods of gene silencing also protect ... Post-transcriptional gene silencing is done by blocking or destroying the mRNA of a particular gene. The destruction of the ... Gene silencing is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation. It is used to describe the "switching off ... Genes may be silenced by DNA methylation. This happens regularly during development, when genes are turned on and off at ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_silencing

Gene silencing is considered a gene knockdown mechanism since the methods used to silence genes, such as RNAi, CRISPR, or siRNA, generally reduce the expression of a gene by at least 70% but do not completely eliminate it. (wikipedia.org)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural process used by cells to regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The process to silence genes first begins with the entrance of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule into the cell, which triggers the RNAi pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The fragments integrate into a multi-subunit protein called the RNA-induced silencing complex, which contains Argonaute proteins that are essential components of the RNAi pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Gene silencing pesticides are pesticides that use gene silencing, and RNA interference (RNAi) in particular to target individual species while leaving other species unharmed. (wikipedia.org)
RNAi was discovered in 1998 and has since exploded as a research tool for turning off genes of choice in lab settings. (technologyreview.com)
These processes include the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA by either RNA interference (RNAi) or endogenously encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) and the transcriptional regulation of mRNA by RNAi-mediated chromatin silencing. (uniprot.org)
Finally, in RNAi-mediated chromatin silencing, siRNAs derived from repeat element transcripts are incorporated into the nuclear RNAi-induced initiator of transcriptional silencing complex (RITS), where they guide chromatin modifications such as histone methylation which lead to transcriptional silencing. (uniprot.org)
The ability to selectively silence genes through a technique called RNA interference (RNAi) has revolutionized biology. (technologyreview.com)
Researchers can now study the function of any gene by silencing it with RNAi, and then monitoring how a cell's operations are impacted. (technologyreview.com)
RNAi occurs naturally, says Fire, and is one of cells' tools for regulating gene expression. (technologyreview.com)
Technology Review spoke with Andrew Fire about the potential of RNAi for therapeutics and about his current work on how gene silencing is implicated in diseases such as cancer. (technologyreview.com)
A technique, known as RNA interference (RNAi) therapy using inclisiran, helps to 'switch off' one of the genes responsible for elevated cholesterol. (medindia.net)
In essence, RNAi blocks the gene. (forbes.com)
The study was published online in this week's PNAS by Ogawa et al, and attempted to use targeted RNAi to just known down ER-alpha gene expression in the hypothalamus. (scienceblogs.com)
The combination of accessibility and RNAi- or Crispr/Cas9-based gene silencing makes the chicken embryo a powerful model for developmental studies. (springer.com)
Pekarik V, Bourikas D, Miglino N et al (2003) Screening for gene function in chicken embryo using RNAi and electroporation. (springer.com)
A common way mRNA gets silenced is by RNAi . (wikipedia.org)
RNA interference (RNAi) was first literaturally reported in 1998 and has become rapidly a promising tool for therapeutic applications in gene therapy. (hindawi.com)
In a typical RNAi process, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are used to specifically downregulate the expression of the targeted gene, known as the term "gene silencing. (hindawi.com)
In addition to DNA-involved gene transfer, RNA interfering (RNAi) provides another approach by employing RNA as the gene therapy reagent. (hindawi.com)
and (4) to release siRNA and make siRNA readily accessible to the cellular RNAi machinery to permit an effective gene silencing process. (hindawi.com)
Gene silencing triggered by dsRNA or small interfering RNA, siRNA, is known as RNA interference, or RNAi. (innovations-report.com)
Once RNAi is triggered, it destroys the messenger RNA, or mRNA, of a particular gene. (innovations-report.com)
In the case of Zhu's research, RNAi was used to silence genes responsible for the production of chitin, the principle constituent of the exoskeleton in insects, crustaceans and arachnids. (innovations-report.com)
However, nanoparticle-based RNAi may facilitate the studies on the functions of new genes. (innovations-report.com)
An efficient method to optimize transfection and gene silencing is critical for successful RNAi experiments. (bio-medicine.org)
Efficient gene silencing was achieved which confirms the operation of RNAi mechanism in the selected cell line. (bio-medicine.org)
Simple and efficient methods for monitoring gene silencing are important tools for RNAi experiments. (bio-medicine.org)
RNA interference (RNAi) has become an important tool for understanding gene function. (thermofisher.com)
In general, HIGS utilises ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) molecules produced by the plant, which then target key genes in pests/pathogens, ideally leading to improved resistance of the plant and a reduction in damage. (els.net)
The volume provides a broad overview of the basic mechanisms and applications of RNAi to different model organisms for functional gene analysis, including nonclassical model systems such as the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei and the chicken embryo. (cshlpress.com)
hi all, i've decided to use RNAi as a method of functionally studying my gene of interest, and have a qeury you guys might be able to help me with. (protocol-online.org)
The discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, in 1998, by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello allowed an important boost to the gene therapy field, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inherited dominant genetic disorders. (frontiersin.org)
The Gene Silencing Section of the National Cancer Institute's Center for Cancer Research has been collaborating on siRNA reagents with Qiagen under a research collaboration signed earlier this year, RNAi News has learned. (genomeweb.com)
We have led the way in the development of what has been hailed as a major breakthrough in molecular biology: silencing gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi). (www.csiro.au)
CSIRO's RNAi gene silencing technology is enabling researchers around the world to protect plants and animals from diseases, and to develop new plant varieties with beneficial attributes. (www.csiro.au)
What is RNAi gene silencing? (www.csiro.au)
Because of its effect on RNA, gene silencing is also referred to as RNA interference (RNAi). (www.csiro.au)
RNAi gene silencing technology has enabled scientists to develop a safflower seed oil that contains more than 90 per cent oleic acid, a valuable fatty acid for industrial applications. (www.csiro.au)
RNA interference (RNAi) is one of the most powerful technologies for discovering important trait genes and developing novel traits in plants and animals. (www.csiro.au)
CSIRO's RNAi technology adapts this naturally occurring process to provide a targeted and specific method of altering gene activity. (www.csiro.au)
CSIRO's RNAi technology can target individual genes, even among a family of closely related genes. (www.csiro.au)
RNAi technology can be used to identify which genes are responsible for particular traits so that breeders can produce non-genetically modified plants. (www.csiro.au)
In this report, we develop systemic delivery methods of siRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for durable and potent in vivo RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing in myeloid cells. (mit.edu)
The TriFECTa ® RNAi kit does not include primers or PCR reagents for quantification of gene silencing. (idtdna.com)
Constitutively expressed shRNAs are useful for most RNAi needs, but further characterization often requires the ability to tune gene expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The study follows a landmark work that he and Reddien published last spring in Developmental Cell, in which, using a method of gene silencing called RNA interference (RNAi), the researchers silenced more than 1,000 planarian genes, some of which they identified as essential for regeneration. (rxpgnews.com)
The beginnings of RNA interference (RNAi) as a gene knockdown technique symbolize an electrifying improvement in the field of small-molecule nucleic acid-based therapeutics. (springer.com)
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CIAPIN1 gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) as a treatment for drug-resistant breast cancer and to investigate the effect of CIAPIN1 on the drug resistance of breast cancer in vivo . (scielo.br)
We used lentivirus-vector-based RNAi to knock down CIAPIN1 in nude mice bearing MDR breast cancer tumors and found that lentivirus-vector-mediated silencing of CIAPIN1 could efficiently and significantly inhibit tumor growth when combined with chemotherapy in vivo . (scielo.br)
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have used RNA interference (RNAi) technology to reveal dozens of genes which may represent new therapeutic targets for treating Parkinson's disease. (healthcanal.com)
RNAi is a natural process occurring in cells that helps regulate genes. (healthcanal.com)
Since its discovery in 1998, scientists have used RNAi as a tool to investigate gene function and their involvement in health and disease. (healthcanal.com)
The RNAi group used robotics to introduce small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into human cells to individually turn off nearly 22,000 genes. (healthcanal.com)
One of NCATS' goals is to develop, leverage and improve innovative technologies, such as RNAi screening, which is used in collaborations across NIH to increase our knowledge of gene function in the context of human disease," said Dr. Martin. (healthcanal.com)
For this study, the researchers used RNAi to screen human cells to identify genes that help parkin tag damaged mitochondria. (healthcanal.com)
Addgene: Lentivirus-delivered stable gene silencing by RNAi in primary cells. (addgene.org)
Some researchers fail to perform appropriate positive and negative controls for RNAi-mediated gene silencing experiments. (amsbio.com)
Here, acid-degradable ketalized linear polyethylenimine (KL-PEI) designed for efficient, stimuli-responsive, and biocompatible siRNA delivery was used to complex with GFP-silencing siRNA (GFP siRNA) for in vivo RNAi. (rsc.org)

Genomic Imprinting Paramutation Transposon silencing (or Histone Modifications) Transgene silencing Position effect RNA-directed DNA methylation RNA interference RNA silencing Nonsense mediated decay Transvection Meiotic silencing of unpaired DNA Antisense oligonucleotides were discovered in 1978 by Paul Zamecnik and Mary Stephenson. (wikipedia.org)
A clinical trial of a gene-silencing treatment for reducing excessive scarring is now underway, bringing the number of active clinical trials for the as-yet-unproven gene-silencing process known as RNA interference to nearly 20. (technologyreview.com)
It is our central hypothesis that an optimized small interference RNA (siRNA), combined with proper delivery tools will be able to reduce Hoxb13 gene expression, thus reducing scar formation. (nova.edu)
Researchers at Emory University say that a class of antibiotics, known as fluoroquinolones can enhance RNA interference, the gene-silencing tool that can treat a variety of diseases if adapted in humans. (medindia.net)
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and hairpin RNA interference (hpRNAi), both of which rely on small interfering RNAs, together with artificial microRNAs (amiRNA), are amongst the most popular methods for reduction of gene activity in plants. (nih.gov)
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2006 jointly to Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello for their discovery of "RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA. (scienceblog.com)
RNA interference is already being widely used in basic science as a method to study the function of genes and it may lead to novel therapies in the future. (scienceblog.com)
After a series of simple but elegant experiments, Fire and Mello deduced that double-stranded RNA can silence genes, that this RNA interference is specific for the gene whose code matches that of the injected RNA molecule, and that RNA interference can spread between cells and even be inherited. (scienceblog.com)
The technique, known as RNA interference or RNA knockdown, essentially turns off or "knocks down" certain genes. (mercola.com)
In a technique called RNA interference, or RNA knockdown, these small bits of RNA are used to turn off, or 'knock down,' certain genes. (mercola.com)
The team's paper, "Chitosan/double-stranded RNA nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference to silence chitin synthase genes through larval feeding in African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)," was recently accepted by the journal, Insect Molecular Biology. (innovations-report.com)
Real-time, quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is the most sensitive way to detect and quantitate mRNA and is often used to validate techniques that monitor changes in gene expression, including array analyses and RNA interference experiments. (thermofisher.com)
The Gene Silencing By Rna Pathway has been researched in relation to Gene Silencing, Rna Interference, Cell Cycle, Cell Proliferation, Immune Response. (novusbio.com)
NIH scientists used RNA interference to find genes that interact with parkin (green), a protein that tags damaged mitochondria (red). (healthcanal.com)
A lentivirus-based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem cells and transgenic mice by RNA interference. (addgene.org)
Our previous studies have shown that gene silencing of IDO, through RNA interference, can stimulate anti-tumor immunity and inhibit tumor angiogenesis, thereby resulting in the killing of tumor cells and suppressing tumor invasion, metastasis, and growth ( 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)

This term describes a number of related processes which use 21- to 25-nucleotide RNAs to repress the expression of specific target genes. (uniprot.org)
dsRNA is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of around 21 nucleotide which are then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which cleaves mRNAs with sequences fully complementary to the siRNA. (uniprot.org)
Small noncoding RNAs regulate epigenetic gene silencing pathways that are well-conserved in eukaryotes ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
The IP includes US patent No. 8,097,710, as well as three related patents, which broadly cover the use of small RNAs to trigger post-transcriptional gene silencing and are based on the pioneering plant work of Sainsbury Laboratory researchers David Baulcombe and Andrew Hamilton. (genomeweb.com)
These RNAs associate with the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) in the cytoplasm, or with the RNA‐induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex in the nucleus. (els.net)
This is performed by expressing antisense RNAs to knock down (silence) target mRNAs in vivo . (mdpi.com)
It remains unclear how post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants discriminates aberrant RNAs from canonical messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (nature.com)
The team, at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, identified THOR (Testis-associated Highly-conserved Oncogenic long noncoding RNA) while investigating an unexplored area of the genome harbouring a class of genes called long non-coding RNAs (ribonucleic acid) (lncRNAs). (bionews.org.uk)
Cayota, A. Hints of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs Role in RNA Silencing Mechanisms. (mdpi.com)
Garcia-Silva MR, Cabrera-Cabrera F, Güida MC, Cayota A. Hints of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs Role in RNA Silencing Mechanisms. (mdpi.com)
Acts as a suppressor of RNA-mediated gene silencing, also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a mechanism of plant viral defense that limits the accumulation of viral RNAs. (uniprot.org)
2003).They form a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to regulate a variety of biological functions through binding small RNAs (Hutvagner and Simard, 2008). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
2002). Argonaute family proteins can be divided into two subclades, AGO and PIWI, and form complexes with small RNAs to regulate gene expressions (Carmell et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
De confirmed that decoy RNAs designed to match miRNAs this way can greatly hasten the miRNAs' "unloading" from Argonautes, thus effectively dialing down these miRNAs' normal gene-silencing activities. (healthcanal.com)
they are taken up by Argonaute proteins as guide RNAs and lead to the silencing of targeted gene transcripts. (healthcanal.com)
Researchers have reported the ability to modify the structure of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to improve their stability and therapeutic potential without negatively affecting their potency and ability to silence targeted genes. (medicalxpress.com)
It's possible that the body is making the RNAs that we are using, and that will be an exciting topic for further research, to determine whether the human body or viruses and bacteria make RNA sequences like this to control gene expression," Corey explained. (scienceagogo.com)

Although miRNAs are known to mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in the cytoplasm, recent evidence indicates that at least some fraction of mammalian miRNAs may also have nuclear roles in regulating gene expression ( 8 - 10 ), possibly at the level of transcription. (pnas.org)
In addition to the specificity and efficiency of an siRNA sequence for a target gene, which are of high importance in post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), the delivery of siRNA into cells is crucial. (bio-medicine.org)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an intriguing phenomenon that has been observed in a variety of organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster. (nih.gov)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a nucleotide sequence-specific defense mechanism that can target both cellular and viral mRNAs. (sciencemag.org)
PTGS induced by transgenes can also occur when a transgene does not have homology to an endogenous gene ( 1 ). (sciencemag.org)

Gene silencing is often considered the same as gene knockdown. (wikipedia.org)
MIGS can be reliably used for the knockdown of a single gene or of multiple unrelated genes. (nih.gov)
Researchers increasingly rely on qRT-PCR to detect and quantitate mRNA levels to confirm knockdown of gene expression by an siRNA. (thermofisher.com)
Measuring siRNA-induced Knockdown of Gene Expression with TaqMan® Primer and Probe Sets. (thermofisher.com)
Measuring siRNA-induced Knockdown of Gene Expression with SYBR® Green. (thermofisher.com)
IDO is a critical immune checkpoint that impedes PTT while combination of gene knockdown of IDO in TME enhances anti-tumor efficacy of PTT. (frontiersin.org)
The cDNA microarrays for transcriptional profiling revealed significantly reduced expression of some progression associated genes in response to CD24 knockdown in both U251 and YKG-1. (aacrjournals.org)
Design and Methods To study the role of WDR5 in human globin gene regulation, we performed knockdown experiments in both K562 cells and primary human bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells (BMC). (haematologica.org)
The effects of WDR5 knockdown on γ-globin gene expression were determined. (haematologica.org)
Enforced expression of WDR5 in K562 cells reduced γ-globin gene expression, whereas knockdown of WDR5 increased γ-globin gene expression in both K562 cells and primary human bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells. (haematologica.org)

One major biological signaling pathway in particular was found to contain many genes influenced by DNA methylation, a mechanism for turning off genes, in tumor cells. (redorbit.com)
The researchers conducted a series of studies on cancer cell lines and primary tumor specimens from ovarian cancer patients by comparing the genome-wide gene expression profiles of cells that were treated or mock-treated with drugs that inhibit DNA methylation. (redorbit.com)
They identified 378 candidate methylated genes, and from these all 43 of the predicted genes the researchers analyzed showed methylation in ovarian cancers. (redorbit.com)
We were very surprised to see that so many of these genes were part of one pathway, the TGF-beta signaling pathway, so we conducted studies to further explore how methylation might have an effect on the pathway," senior author Susan Murphy, Ph.D., assistant professor in the Division of Gynecologic Oncology in Duke OB-GYN and in the Department of Pathology, was quoted as saying. (redorbit.com)
C. L. Thomas, L. Jones, D. C. Baulcombe, and A. J. Maule, "Size constraints for targeting post-transcriptional gene silencing and for RNA-directed methylation in Nicotiana benthamiana using a potato virus X vector," The Plant Journal , vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 417-425, 2001. (hindawi.com)
At the same time, the FMR1 promoter took on a pattern of histone methylation consistent with gene repression, suggesting that an epigenetic change was behind the drop. (alzforum.org)
However, once the repressive methylation pattern had set in and the gene was turned off, 1a could not reactivate it. (alzforum.org)
While such a drug on its own could not reverse silencing in patients who already have the disorder, it might work if other agents first remove the repressive methylation. (alzforum.org)
Genes may be silenced by DNA methylation . (wikipedia.org)
Cancer is often characterized by an imbalance in methylation, where hypermethylation (inactivation) in specific genes is accompanied by hypomethylation (a decrease in methylation in general) across many genes. (emaxhealth.com)
In this study, researchers from IARC working with investigators from Russia, Canada, and the United States, quantified methylation patterns in a panel of five cancer-associated genes (CDH1, CDKN2A, GSTP1, MTHFR and RASSF1A) in tumor samples from 209 lung patients and in blood samples from 172 matched "healthy" volunteers. (emaxhealth.com)
Their analysis revealed that a high frequency of hypermethylation of MTHFR, RASSF1A and CDKN2A in lung tumors compared to control blood samples, but no significant increase in methylation levels of the other two genes. (emaxhealth.com)
The research reported in the Genes & Development paper focuses on a chemical reaction called methylation that occurs on histone H3 (histones are made of four subunits called H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). (innovations-report.com)
During HIGS (host‐induced gene silencing), the outcome of the molecular interactions shows results in the reduced expression of targeted genes in the pest/pathogen, such as though methylation (Me) of genomic DNA. (els.net)
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that tri-methylation of histone H3K27 and H2A ubiquitylation via polycomb group protein may play a crucial role in epigenetic silencing accounting for HIV-1 latency in NCHA cells. (biomedsearch.com)
In Zea mays , transcriptional regulation of the b1 ( booster1 ) gene requires a distal enhancer and MEDIATOR OF PARAMUTATION1 (MOP1), MOP2, and MOP3 proteins orthologous to Arabidopsis components of the RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway. (genetics.org)
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), DuBois and colleagues found, promotes the silencing of a variety of tumor-suppressor and DNA repair genes by a process called DNA methylation. (mdanderson.org)
In damaged or cancerous breast cells, the gene is often inactivated through a process called methylation. (emaxhealth.com)
Methylation leaves the gene unchanged but silences its activity by adding a brake onto the gene called a "methyl" group of molecules. (emaxhealth.com)
Normal cells showed no methylation of this gene. (emaxhealth.com)
Genes are in part controlled by methylation-tags on DNA that 'block' genes from being read. (labmanager.com)
Our work shows that these are some of the very first genes that are 'silenced,' or targeted by DNA methylation, in both zebrafish and mammals. (labmanager.com)
Dr Rob Waterland of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, who conducted the epigenetic analyses said: "We selected these gene regions because our earlier studies in mice had shown that establishment of DNA methylation at metastable epialleles is particularly sensitive to maternal nutrition in early pregnancy. (medicalxpress.com)
The WD40-repeat protein, WDR5, is an essential component of the MLL complex that induces histone H3 K4 methylation, but the role of WDR5 in human globin gene regulation has not yet been established. (haematologica.org)

The antisense oligonucleotides can affect gene expression in two ways: by using an RNase H-dependent mechanism or by using a steric blocking mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
In 1998, scientists led by Andrew Fire , now professor of pathology and genetics at Stanford Medical School, and Craig Mello , now professor of molecular medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, characterized the mechanism of gene silencing. (technologyreview.com)
Our results suggest the existence of an epigenetic mechanism of miRNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in mammalian cells. (pnas.org)
In 1998, the American scientists Andrew Fire and Craig Mello published their discovery of a mechanism that can degrade mRNA from a specific gene. (scienceblog.com)
It is used to describe the "switching off" of a gene by a mechanism other than genetic engineering . (wikipedia.org)
In the 1990s, CSIRO's research led to the discovery of this naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism in plants. (www.csiro.au)
During meiotic chromosome pairing, a loop of unpaired DNA induces the silencing of all paired and unpaired homologous DNA via meiotic silencing, an RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism. (springer.com)
Horizontal gene-transfer is a mechanism by which bacteria incorporate genetic elements obtained from other organisms into their own chromosome, and plays a major role in spreading virulence genes and antimicrobial-resistance genes. (europa.eu)
Understanding the mechanism by which NAPs silence the expression of genetic material may facilitate the development of medication with the specific aim of repressing or reverting antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene expression in bacteria. (europa.eu)
LA JOLLA, CA - A team led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) has found how to boost or inhibit a gene-silencing mechanism that normally serves as a major controller of cells' activities. (healthcanal.com)
The RNA is more important because it may reflect the body's own natural mechanism for controlling gene expression, while the PNAs are synthetic," Corey said. (scienceagogo.com)
This provides a relatively efficient mechanism because silencing a promoter region can influence the activity of several genes. (embopress.org)
Although flowering plants and mammals share this mechanism, they differ significantly in the structure and distribution of the imprinted genes themselves. (embopress.org)

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. (wikipedia.org)
When genes are silenced, their expression is reduced. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, when genes are knocked out, they are completely erased from the organism's genome and, thus, have no expression. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, they provide a more complete view on the development of diseases since diseases are generally associated with genes that have a reduced expression. (wikipedia.org)
Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules used to inhibit gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The histone modifications do not alter the DNA sequence, but do alter the structure of the chromatin, which affects the expression of the genes. (eurekalert.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in the cytoplasm, but recent findings suggest additional roles for miRNAs in the nucleus. (pnas.org)
To address whether miRNAs might transcriptionally silence gene expression, we searched for miRNA target sites proximal to known gene transcription start sites in the human genome. (pnas.org)
We provide evidence of a cis -regulatory role for miR-320 in transcriptional silencing of POLR3D expression. (pnas.org)
SiRNA oligos are usually 19-22 base pairs in length and when introduced into a cell, inhibit specific gene expression in a sequence-dependent fashion. (nova.edu)
It is thus far the most effective and feasible method in inhibiting specific gene expression. (nova.edu)
Suppression of Hoxb13 gene expression will lead to the suppression of GFP expression since it expresses as a fusion protein. (nova.edu)
Some women with ovarian cancer have lower expression of these tumor-suppressing genes and may be amenable to epigenetic therapies that lead to gene reactivation "" with the caveat that at this point we can't epigenetically reactivate just one gene or a specific group of genes," Murphy said. (redorbit.com)
Another group of women with ovarian cancer have higher expression of these genes, suggesting it may be possible to specifically inhibit particular components in this pathway to stop tumor development or progression. (redorbit.com)
It is of great importance for the regulation of gene expression, participates in defense against viral infections, and keeps jumping genes under control. (scienceblog.com)
The fundamental principles for the regulation of gene expression were identified more than 40 years ago by the French Nobel Laureates François Jacob and Jacques Monod. (scienceblog.com)
Andrew Fire and Craig Mello were investigating how gene expression is regulated in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans (Fig. 2). (scienceblog.com)
N. Romano and G. Macino, "Quelling: transient inactivation of gene expression in Neurospora crassa by transformation with homologous sequences," Molecular Microbiology , vol. 6, no. 22, pp. 3343-3353, 1992. (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are generated by a two-step processing pathway to yield RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides that negatively regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level 1 . (nature.com)
In a new risk assessment, Heinemann and colleagues explained that while all commercial GM plants are currently created through in vitro DNA modification typically to create a new protein, a "growing minority" are designed to change their RNA content in order to regulate gene expression. (mercola.com)
An epigenetic event is when non-genetic factors cause a gene to change its expression, and this is different from cancer caused by mutated genes that produce errant protein. (emaxhealth.com)
iLenti Lentiviral siRNA Expression Vectors for the expression of 27-29 bp double-stranded siRNA in vivo are provided as premade or customized constructs for any gene of your choice. (biocat.com)
TUCSON, Ariz., March 23, 2011 - Cells may control genes simply by stretching them, a discovery that could pave the way for applications that require precise control over gene expression, such as lab-on-a-chip devices. (photonics.com)
The strength of the fluorescence also indicates how much RNA is present in the cell, so the particles could also be used to measure gene expression levels. (nanowerk.com)
Once we discovered that these particles were good at knocking out gene expression, we realised it would be great to be able to monitor the process in real time,' said Mirkin. (nanowerk.com)
Weihong Tan, who researches bionanotechnology at the University of Florida, US, told Chemistry World: 'The ability to detect and quantitate changes in gene expression, especially in real-time and with a degree of sensitivity suitable to the monitoring of minor changes at the single cell level, will have considerable value for biological advances and medical application. (nanowerk.com)
The uptake of siRNA into mammalian cells was monitored using fluorescent labeled siRNA and the gene silencing effect and level of cellular protein expression were quantified at 4, 8, and 24 hours after transfection. (bio-medicine.org)
2015) Silencing the expression of the salivary sheath protein causes transgenerational feeding suppression in the aphid Sitobion avenae. (els.net)
Apart from these methods, which directly modify the genomic structure, an alternative approach is to conditionally modify the gene expression profile at the posttranscriptional level without altering the genomes. (mdpi.com)
The ability of double stranded RNA to inhibit the expression of genes with an appropriate sequence can be harnessed to silence target genes in vitro in a new and powerful way. (cshlpress.com)
The use of small RNA sequences to control the expression of disease-causing genes rapidly implemented in the preclinical studies for different diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, THOR expression did not affect normal cells, suggesting a specific function of the gene in cancerous tissues. (bionews.org.uk)
We conclude that unpaired downstream DNA has no effect on Asm-1 expression during meiosis or ascospore development, which suggests that the silencing signal produced by unpaired DNA does not propagate onto adjacent paired regions. (springer.com)
With the advent of new and improved high-throughput sequencing technologies in the last few years, a growing number of novel classes of small RNA, other than miRNAs or siRNA, has emerged, which appear as new actors in gene expression regulation. (mdpi.com)
Regulating expression is especially important when studying essential and lethal genes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Methods that permit controlled changes in the expression of genes are important tools for biological and medical research, and for biotechnological applications. (diva-portal.org)
When Cascade is targeted to a promoter sequence the transcription of the downstream gene is inhibited, resulting in dramatically reduced expression. (diva-portal.org)
Cascade targeted to the ORF sequence of the gene can also silence expression, albeit at lower efficiency. (diva-portal.org)
1994 ) Overcoming telomeric silencing: a trans -activator competes to establish gene expression in a cell cycle-dependent way. (biologists.org)
Identification of Differential Gene Expression by High Throughput Analysis. (ebscohost.com)
High throughput analysis of differential gene expression is a powerful tool that can be applied to many areas in molecular cell biology, including differentiation, development, physiology, and pharmacology. (ebscohost.com)
Application of gene expression profiling to cardiovascular disease Henriksen, P.A. (ebscohost.com)
The number of cardiovascular publications featuring gene expression profiling technologies is growing rapidly. (ebscohost.com)
serial analysis of gene expression, differential display, subtractive hybridisation and DNA microarrays. (ebscohost.com)
Transcriptomics: Measuring gene expression in non-model organisms. (ebscohost.com)
The article focuses on the study by L. Z. Hong and colleagues on EcoP151-tagged digital gene expression (EDGE), which uses unique tag for expressed transcript to avoid the need for a high-quality reference genome as required for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). (ebscohost.com)
The article offers information on a research related to large scale RNA sequencing for gene expression profiling in cell and tissue samples conducted by P. A. C. 't Hoen and colleagues in the September 15, 2013 issue of the journal "Nature Biotechnology. (ebscohost.com)
Control of the expression of anchored genes using micron scale heater. (ebscohost.com)
We control in vitro gene expression, using DNA (gene) sequences immobilized on miniaturized heaters. (ebscohost.com)
A genome-wide cis-regulatory element discovery method based on promoter sequences and gene co-expression networks. (ebscohost.com)
Results: Using promoter sequences and gene expression. (ebscohost.com)
Gene silencing is relevant for agricultural biotechnology because stable expression of transgenes is required for the successful commercialization of genetically engineered crops. (gate2biotech.com)
The book is geared toward advanced students of genetics and plant sciences as well as applied and basic research scientists who work with transgenic organisms and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. (gate2biotech.com)
NAPs find and silence the expression of genetic material acquired from other organisms. (europa.eu)
The aim of my work is to clarify the molecular mechanisms by which NAPs (and related co-regulatory) proteins interact with DNA to silence the expression of this DNA. (europa.eu)
3 Lazare Research Building 570N, Program in Systems Biology and Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. (sciencemag.org)
We used short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression retroviral vector to inactivate CD24 gene of U251 and YKG-1 human glioblastoma cell lines overexpressing CD24. (aacrjournals.org)
We analyzed the synergic or linked expression of these genes to CD24 using RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. (aacrjournals.org)
The Effect of Silencing HIF-1α Gene in BxPC-3 Cell Line on Glycolysis-Related Gene Expression, Cell Growth, Invasion, and Apoptosis. (greenmedinfo.com)
In the current study, siRNA was synthesized and transfected into BxPC-3 cell line to silence the expression of HIF-1α gene. (greenmedinfo.com)
The oligonucleotide modifications used and the experimental measures of thermal stability, helical structure, and gene expression are described in an article published in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics . (medicalxpress.com)
In two papers published in the online edition of the journal Nature Chemical Biology , researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center say they have developed a technique that can control gene expression by turning them on or off at the DNA level. (scienceagogo.com)
Virtually every disease starts at the level of malfunctioning gene expression, or viral or bacterial gene expression," said Dr. David Corey, professor of pharmacology and biochemistry. (scienceagogo.com)
Corey and his colleagues describe how they efficiently shut down gene expression in cultured cells by blocking the ability of chromosomal DNA to be copied into RNA and made into proteins. (scienceagogo.com)
With this information, one could easily turn on or off gene expression, as well as think about ways to correct genetic disease by changing mutant gene sequences back to normal," Corey said. (scienceagogo.com)
So far, the researchers have inhibited the expression of nine different genes in cancer cell cultures. (scienceagogo.com)
The differences between the mule and the hinny are now known to be caused by genomic imprinting, whereby the expression of a gene is determined by its origin rather than its DNA sequence. (embopress.org)
In most cases, the expression of the gene is determined by its primary DNA sequence, which explains why some alleles are dominant and some recessive. (embopress.org)
Imprinting not only shuts down affected alleles but also can increase the expression of other genes-for example, by suppressing an inhibitor. (embopress.org)
In males, the sex-determining chromosomes are X and Y, and gene silencing helps maintain similar expression patterns of X chromosome genes in females and males. (lifeissues.net)
Results We found that WDR5 interacted with protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), a known repressor of γ-globin gene expression, and was essential for generating tri-methylated H3K4 (H3K4me3) at the γ-globin promoter in K562 cells. (haematologica.org)
In human BMC, levels of WDR5 were highly enriched on the γ-promoter relative to levels on other globin promoters and compared to the γ-promoter in cord blood erythroid progenitors, suggesting that WDR5 is important in the developmental globin gene expression program. (haematologica.org)
H3K4me3 induced at the γ-globin promoter by WDR5 may result in the recruitment of the ING2-associated HDAC1 component and consequent silencing of γ-globin gene expression. (haematologica.org)
The human and mouse decorin-specific and scrambled shRNA oligos were designed and cloned into mammalian expression vector pENTRT6.1 that drives gene expression under control of Pol III promoter. (arvojournals.org)

Gene silencing is a general term describing epigenetic processes of gene regulation . (wikipedia.org)
If miRNA can in fact survive the gut then it's entirely possible that miRNA intended to influence insect gene regulation could also affect humans. (mercola.com)
The regulation of tumor suppressor genes by microRNAs (miRNAs) is often demonstrated as a one-miRNA-to-one-target relationship. (asm.org)
Because the phenotype for anthocyanin production is easily scored by visual observation, it is a favored model system for studies of transcriptional gene regulation. (genetics.org)
Because the regulatory genes also have epialleles (reviewed by Arteaga-Vazquez and Chandler 2010 ), regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize also provides a model for the study of epigenetic regulation. (genetics.org)
The preferred inducible vector, pLKO_IPTG_3xLacO, contains three lac operon sequences (two in the U6 promoter and one 3' of the promoter) affording both tight regulation and great gene silencing. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Research on this topic has undergone explosive growth during the past decade and has revealed novel features of gene regulation and plant defense responses that also apply to animals and fungi. (gate2biotech.com)
In this way, imprinting provides another heritable factor of gene regulation that is not encoded in the primary DNA sequence of either gamete. (embopress.org)

In a paper published in the journal Cell , scientists from the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center in Ann Arbor reports that while the new gene does not code for a protein, it has a "direct impact" on cancer cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Protein involved in RNA-mediated gene silencing. (uniprot.org)
A Hoxb13-GFP ( Green Fluorescent Protein ) fusion gene will be used as the target to be suppressed by the siRNA oligos. (nova.edu)
In order to know the working of RISC, the researchers inserted a gene for a fluorescent protein into a cell line, and later added a short piece of RNA that incompletely silences the inserted gene. (medindia.net)
Because the Drosophila forms of each protein can silence genes in either euchromatin or heterochromatin, we determined whether longevity extension is mediated by silencing in the latter domain. (nih.gov)
When silencing was increased and decreased using mutations that affect heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), but have no direct effect upon Sir2 or Rpd3, lifespan was unaffected. (nih.gov)
When such mRNA molecules disappear, the corresponding gene is silenced and no protein of the encoded type is made. (scienceblog.com)
They also form the basis for gene technology, in which a DNA sequence is introduced into a cell to produce new protein. (scienceblog.com)
Similar movements were seen in worms that completely lacked a functioning gene for the muscle protein. (scienceblog.com)
The protein encoded by that gene was no longer formed. (scienceblog.com)
High throughput virus-induced gene silencing implicates heat shock protein 90 in plant disease resistance," The EMBO Journal , vol. 22, no. 21, pp. 5690-5699, 2003. (hindawi.com)
The TRBP gene encodes a protein with three double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs). (nature.com)
When a gene is silenced it means that its RNA is unable to make a protein. (wikipedia.org)
The destruction of the mRNA prevents translation to form an active gene product (in most cases, a protein ). (wikipedia.org)
HP1 is a protein associated with heterochromatin, a condensed form of chromatin that silences genes. (innovations-report.com)
In the Genes & Development paper, Allis and Khorasanizadeh describe how another silencing protein, called Polycomb, binds to methylated Lys27. (innovations-report.com)
As RNA is the courier that delivers the gene's instructions to make a protein, by changing the instructions for the RNA strand, a gene can be prevented from making its protein - therefore 'silencing' the gene. (www.csiro.au)
Lee DW, Pratt RJ, McLaughin M, Aramayo R (2003b) An Argonaute-like protein is required for meiotic silencing. (springer.com)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
p>This subsection of the 'Names and taxonomy' section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
But genetically, zebrafish and humans are not so different-we share around 70 percent of protein-producing genes. (labmanager.com)
Some cases of Parkinson's disease have been linked to mutations in the gene that codes for parkin, a protein that normally roams inside cells, and tags damaged mitochondria as waste. (healthcanal.com)
Previous studies showed that many of the genes encode proteins that are found in mitochondria or help regulate a process called ubiquitination, which controls protein levels in cells. (healthcanal.com)
The HIWI gene encodes an 861-amino-acid protein (98 kDa). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
We found that WDR5 interacted with HDAC1 and a PHD domaincontaining protein, ING2 (inhibitor of growth), an H3K4me3 mark reader, to enhance γ-globin gene transcriptional repression. (haematologica.org)
The in vivo gene silencing efficiency of GFP siRNA/KL-PEI polyplexes was evaluated at mRNA, protein, and histological levels using a mouse bearing a GFP-expressing tumor. (rsc.org)

Artificially introduced RNA hijacks machinery inside the cell called the RNA-induced silencing complex or RISC. (medindia.net)
Finally, depletion of the Dicer-TRBP complex via exogenously introduced siRNAs diminished RISC-mediated reporter gene silencing. (nature.com)
The resulting siRNA molecule is then loaded onto the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to form RISC-siRNA complex. (hindawi.com)

These molecules work by cleaving mRNA molecules, essentially silencing the genes that produced them. (wikipedia.org)
Last year, University of Canterbury Professor Jack Heinemann released results from genetic research he conducted on the wheat, which showed with "no doubt" that molecules created in the wheat, which are intended to silence wheat genes to change its carbohydrate content, may match human genes and potentially silence them. (organicconsumers.org)
Research conducted on a new type of GM wheat showed with "no doubt" that molecules created in the wheat, which are intended to silence wheat genes to change its carbohydrate content, may match human genes and potentially silence them. (mercola.com)
The enzyme produced by the gene plays a role in processing amino acids into methionine, which the body uses to make proteins and other crucial molecules. (emaxhealth.com)
Silencing of key pest and pathogen genes is a possible strategy for reducing crop damage and can be accomplished by RNA molecules expressed by the host plant. (els.net)
An alternate method for silencing genes consists of the direct application of purified RNA molecules to the plant itself. (els.net)
However, issues like the type of delivery system (non-viral versus viral) or the potential toxicity of the small RNA molecules, made the translation of gene silencing therapeutics to human application very slow and difficult. (frontiersin.org)
This review aims to make a compilation of the most relevant research literature in this field with the purpose of shedding light on the relation of these primitive tRNA-derived molecules with the gene silencing machinery. (mdpi.com)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing occurs in plants and fungi transformed with foreign or endogenous DNA and results in the reduced accumulation of RNA molecules with sequence similarity to the introduced nucleic acid ( 1 , 2 ). (sciencemag.org)

Upon further examination, we observed that the primary transcripts containing the stem-loop structures of all 10 miRNAs were encoded within the promoter regions of their proximal known genes, suggesting that these miRNAs could potentially target their opposite strand sequences in cis with perfect complementarity. (pnas.org)
There is thus a clear need for somatic tissues to maintain their genetic integrity in the face of environmental challenges, and two types of interactions have been shown to play important roles in the conservation as well as flexibility of plant genomes: homologous recombination of repeated sequences and silencing of multiplied genes. (powells.com)
The opportunity of editing or deleting gene sequences drove the scientific community euphoric, with an enormous increase in the number of published studies using this type of techniques. (frontiersin.org)
By measuring the normalized coverage of TE sequences within genes, we identified sets of genes with conserved extremes of high/low TE density in the genomes of human, mouse and cow and denoted them. (ebscohost.com)
Applying this technique, I can systematically characterize the effect that NAPs have on the transcription of specific DNA sequences, under a variety of local conditions to further our understanding of how Xenogeneic gene silencing occurs. (europa.eu)
These should include scrambled siRNA sequences and transfection reagent alone for negative controls, and validated siRNA's against unrelated genes for positive controls. (amsbio.com)
Numerous siRNA sequences for a wide variety of genes from many species have been validated and published in the literature. (amsbio.com)

Many cancers make use of epigenetic gene silencing to promote their own growth. (cshlpress.com)
This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of reviews on various aspects of epigenetic gene silencing in plants. (gate2biotech.com)

Soon thereafter, biotech and pharmaceutical companies turned their attention to siRNAs-short pieces of RNA, DNA's cousin, that can prevent the activity of the specific gene they complement-as a potential therapeutic tool , but so far no one has successfully commercialized the technology. (technologyreview.com)
In contrast, cropping of dsRNA to produce siRNAs occurs after nuclear export and can be catalysed by any of the three functionally redundant DICER LIKE genes DCL2‐4. (els.net)
The article entitled "Structural Studies and Gene Silencing Activity of siRNAs Containing Cationic Phosphoramidate Linkages ," is coauthored by Danielle Vlaho, Johans Fakhoury, and Masad Damha, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. (medicalxpress.com)
Danielle Vlaho et al, Structural Studies and Gene Silencing Activity of siRNAs Containing Cationic Phosphoramidate Linkages, Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (2017). (medicalxpress.com)
That is why it is a good idea to use a system such as the Dicer siRNA Generation Kit , to produce a heterogeneous population of siRNAs against your entire target gene ORF (or a large portion thereof). (amsbio.com)
Since siRNAs are exquisitely sensitive, only a single bp mismatch with the target sequence could significantly reduce, if not eliminate, target gene suppression and produce non-specific gene silencing. (amsbio.com)

Gene silencing controlled by marks in the chromatin occurs in both animals and plants. (eurekalert.org)
We have 2963 products for the study of the Gene Silencing By Rna Pathway that can be applied to Western Blot, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence, Flow Cytometry, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Immunohistochemistry from our catalog of antibodies and ELISA kits. (novusbio.com)
Gene Properties and Chromatin State Influence the Accumulation of Transposable Elements in Genes. (ebscohost.com)

Transgene-induced gene silencing in plants. (nih.gov)
The a1pIR transgene induced silencing of endogenous A1 in mop1-1 and mop3-1 , but not in Mop2-1 homozygous plants. (genetics.org)

In particular, methods used to silence genes are being increasingly used to produce therapeutics to combat cancer and other diseases, such as infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, attempts are being made to use ribozymes to produce gene silencing therapeutics, which would silence genes that are responsible for causing diseases. (wikipedia.org)
New CU Boulder research published today uses state-of-the art imaging to offer an unprecedented look at the complex, illuminating how it finds its way to genes, what happens when it gets there and how a new generation of cancer therapeutics might disrupt the process. (cshlpress.com)
Scientists previously thought that PRC2 cancer therapeutics worked by preventing the complex from binding to genes. (cshlpress.com)

In 2007, several research teams began reporting success at engineering plant RNA to kill insect predators, by knocking down certain genes. (mercola.com)
If you attach a magnetic bead to the end of certain DNAs and place an electromagnet above that chip, you could switch certain genes on or off, simply by stretching or relaxing the DNA. (photonics.com)
When they click together just right, like puzzle pieces, it signals the complex to make its way to certain genes in the cell, silencing them, said Youmans. (cshlpress.com)
Both HP1 and Polycomb play important roles in silencing certain genes crucial for proper development of embryos in a range of species from fruit flies to humans. (innovations-report.com)

The DNA-RNA duplex somehow alters the chromosome packaging around the gene, turning it off. (alzforum.org)
The system can be used to silence plasmid and chromosome targets, simultaneously target several genes and is active in different bacterial species and strains. (diva-portal.org)
HIWI gene occupies a 34445-bp region from positions 130822433 to 130856877 on chromosome 12. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
She and her team have silenced chromosome 21, the extra chromosome which is responsible for the range of physical and cognitive ills suffered by people with Down syndrome. (lifeissues.net)
Silencing of trisomy 21 by manipulation of a single gene in living cells in laboratory cells surmounts the first major obstacle to development of potential 'chromosome therapy,'" says Dr. Lawrence. (lifeissues.net)
The human β-globin gene cluster is located on chromosome 11 and encodes the five β-like globin genes: ɛ-, G γ-, A γ- δ-, and β-globin. (haematologica.org)

We aimed to identify a causative gene in the 15q24 locus by siRNA in vivo delivery in mice. (ashg.org)
The roles of differentiation, mitotic activity and intrinsic promoter strength in the maintenance of heterochromatic silencing were investigated during development using an inducible lacZ gene as an in vivo probe. (biologists.org)
We hypothesize that targeted AAV-short-hairpin RNA gene-silencing therapy targeting mutant decorin mRNA degradation can rescue CSCD pathology in mouse model in vivo. (arvojournals.org)
Enhanced extravasation, stability and in vivo cardiac gene silencing via in situ siRNA-albumin conjugation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Methods using gene silencing are often considered better than gene knockouts since they allow researchers to study essential genes that are required for the animal models to survive and cannot be removed. (wikipedia.org)
B. Gould and E. M. Kramer, "Virus-induced gene silencing as a tool for functional analyses in the emerging model plant Aquilegia (columbine, Ranunculaceae)," The Plant Methods , vol. 3, no. 1, article 6, pp. 1-12, 2007. (hindawi.com)
H. Hou and W. Qiu, "A novel co-delivery system consisting of a Tomato bushy stunt virus and a defective interfering RNA for studying gene silencing," Journal of Virological Methods , vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 37-42, 2003. (hindawi.com)
Methods of gene silencing also protect the organism's genome from transposons and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
The same is true for one of nature´s methods for transmitting information that activates or silences a gene: the "histone code. (innovations-report.com)
Genetic constructs designed to silence pest and pathogen genes can be stably inserted into the host plant genome through a variety of methods, such as particle bombardment or Agrobacterium ‐mediated transformation. (els.net)
This review describes the features and recent advances on methods used in genomic engineering and silencing technologies that are advantageously used for bacterial cellular engineering. (mdpi.com)
Conventional methods are directed at individually changing each gene, its regulatory elements or its mRNA's translation rate. (diva-portal.org)
Current methods of turning genes on or off involve trying to block copies of the messenger RNA once it's already produced. (scienceagogo.com)
Gene silencing through the use of siRNA has become a primary tool for characterizing gene involvement in disease states and interactive pathways, there are several methods for preparing and delivering siRNA. (amsbio.com)

miRNA genes encode precursors with complex hairpin structures which are processed by endonucleolytic cleavage to form mature miRNAs. (uniprot.org)
One conserved miRNA, miR-320, is encoded within the promoter region of the cell cycle gene POLR3D in the antisense orientation. (pnas.org)
To assess whether endogenous miRNAs might direct TGS in mammals, we performed a bioinformatic search for potential miRNA target sites with perfect sequence complementarity in the promoter regions of well-annotated University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) known human genes ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
Furthermore, in each of these species, the mature miRNA sequence is located within −1 to −200 bp of the proximal known gene TSS, suggesting the functional importance of this conserved genomic context in the antisense orientation ( 14 ) ( Fig. 1 A ). miR-320 is encoded directly upstream of the cell cycle gene POLR3D, which is a conserved subunit specific to RNA polymerase III ( 15 ). (pnas.org)

Silencing of the RASSF1A and CDKN2A genes makes sense, said Herceg, because these are tumor suppressor genes known to be inactivated in lung cancer. (emaxhealth.com)
A team of scientists in Germany has developed a 'sensor' that detects mutations in the key tumour suppressor gene p53 and then kills potentially cancerous cells. (bionews.org.uk)
Gene silencing suppressor 2b complexed with silencing RNA (ribonucleic acid). (sciencephoto.com)
Computer model showing the structure of the gene silencing suppressor 2b (purple, green) complexed with synthetic silencing RNA (yellow, magenta). (sciencephoto.com)
3.b.Silencing of trangenes or endogenous genes cannot be established in the presence of silencing suppressor. (slideserve.com)

The gene is in an area of the genome that does not contain instructions for making proteins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The central dogma of biology is that genes, made of DNA, are turned into chemical messengers called RNA that then are turned into proteins, the building blocks of living things. (forbes.com)
Which genes are expressed (i.e. govern the synthesis of new proteins) is controlled by the machinery that copies DNA to mRNA in a process called transcription. (scienceblog.com)
Forty years after researchers first discovered it in fruit flies, a once-obscure cluster of proteins called PRC2 has become a key target for new cancer-fighting drugs, due to its tendency-when mutated-to bind to and silence tumor suppressing genes. (cshlpress.com)
For the study, Cech and lead author Daniel Youmans, who is pursuing a PhD in biochemistry at CU Boulder and an MD at Anschutz Medical Center, used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to apply fluorescent tags to the individual proteins which make up PRC2, or Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. (cshlpress.com)
They also identified specific auxiliary proteins which PRC2 must click to in order to be recruited to its target genes. (cshlpress.com)
tRNA genes (tDNAs) are binding sites for transcription factors and architectural proteins and are thought to play an important role in the organization of the genome. (asm.org)
These genes do not contain information to make proteins , therefore they have long been regarded as 'junk' DNA. (bionews.org.uk)
The gene-silencer in question is Argonaute 2, a molecular machine in cells that can grab and destroy the RNA transcripts of specific genes, preventing them from being translated into proteins. (healthcanal.com)
Argonaute 2 and other Argonaute proteins regulate the influence of about a third of the genes found in humans and other mammals-and thus are among the most important modulators of our cells' day-to-day activities. (healthcanal.com)
Genes carry instructions for making proteins, which are then copied by special enzymes into many copies of messenger RNA. (scienceagogo.com)
Faulty or mutated genes lead to malfunctioning proteins that cause disease. (scienceagogo.com)

We show that fusion of gene fragments to an upstream miR173 target site is sufficient for effective silencing of the corresponding endogenous gene. (nih.gov)
Here we test this idea, and show that an expressed inverted repeat of a portion of the sex differentiation gene, transformer-2, (tra-2), driven by a GAL4-dependent promoter, does genetically repress the endogenous wild-type tra-2 function, producing a dominant loss-of-function mutant phenotype. (nih.gov)
We compared the genetic requirements for MOP1, MOP2, and MOP3 for endogenous gene silencing by two hairpin transgenes with inverted repeats of the a1 ( anthocyaninless1 ) gene promoter (a1pIR) and the b1 gene enhancer (b1IR), respectively. (genetics.org)

In this study, the authors engineered the virus to express a small hairpin of RNA whose action is to silence the gene that express ER-alphas. (scienceblogs.com)

Turning off the TOMM7 gene in nerve cells also appeared to inhibit tagging of mitochondria. (healthcanal.com)

Because the MTHFR gene product plays a role in the maintenance of the cell's pool of methionine, silencing of MTHFR is likely to contribute to global hypomethylation, a phenomenon almost universally observed in human cancer that has been overlooked in favor of gene promoter-associated hypermethylation," Herceg said. (emaxhealth.com)
In contrast, timing and extent of silencing at both the initiation and relaxation stages are insensitive to changes in cell cycle activity, and intrinsic promoter strength also does not influence the extent of silencing by heterochromatin. (biologists.org)

The mouse is the most commonly used vertebrate model for the analysis of gene function because of the well-established genetic tools that are available for loss-of-function studies. (springer.com)
The 2006 Nobel Prize in Medicine went to Andrew Fire and Craig Mello for their discovery that short pieces of RNA, when introduced into cells, can silence a stretch of genetic code. (medindia.net)
In every experiment, injection of double-stranded RNA carrying a genetic code led to silencing of the gene containing that particular code. (scienceblog.com)
The Science study focus on one such gene, smedwi-2, and brings a new level of genetic detail to understanding planarian regeneration. (rxpgnews.com)
The genetic toolbox in Drosophila melanogaster offers a multitude of different effector constructs to silence neurons and neuron populations. (biologists.org)
Argonautes' gene-silencing functions also help cells cope with rogue genetic activity from invading viruses or cancer-promoting DNA mutations. (healthcanal.com)
As diagnoses and gene research improves, scientists are consistently finding that nearly all diseases start at the genetic level. (scienceagogo.com)

Kun Yan Zhu, professor of entomology, and teammates Xin Zhang, graduate student in entomology from China, and Jianzhen Zhang, a visiting scientist from Shanxi University, China, investigated using nanoparticles to deliver double-stranded ribonucleic acid, dsRNA -- a molecule capable of specifically triggering gene silencing -- into mosquito larvae through their food. (innovations-report.com)

Scientists combine CRISPR gene editing with single-cell sequencing for genotype-phenotype screens. (the-scientist.com)
Recently, a new hope in the gene therapy field emerged with the development of gene editing techniques like TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 systems. (frontiersin.org)
We demonstrate that the CRISPR-associated DNA-binding Cascade complex can be used for efficient, long-lasting and programmable gene silencing. (diva-portal.org)

After two decades, a laboratory breakthrough that upended scientists' understanding of how genes work looks set to yield a treatment for a rare hereditary disease - and maybe a whole new type of drug. (forbes.com)
In 1998, Craig Mello and Andrew Fire, professors at the University of Massachusetts and the Carnegie Institution, published a stunning finding: in some cases, genes worked completely differently from the way scientists had thought. (forbes.com)
The soybean rust fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi may meet its match, thanks to a gene-silencing technique that scientists of the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) plan to deploy to identify genes that enable plants to naturally resist this fungal foe. (usda.gov)
Gene silencing allows scientists to identify a gene's function by disabling that gene in plants or other organisms, challenging the organism in some way such as with exposure to a pathogen and observing the consequences that result from that gene having been "missing in action. (usda.gov)
Nanowerk News ) US scientists have developed nanoparticle probes coated with DNA that release fluorescent 'flares' when they silence genes inside cells ( 'Nano-Flares: Probes for Transfection and mRNA Detection in Living Cells' ). (nanowerk.com)
Mirkin had previously established that DNA strands attached to gold nanoparticles would bind complementary strands of messenger RNA within cells - effectively 'silencing' the gene that produced the RNA and allowing scientists to control processes within the cell. (nanowerk.com)
Scientists in the USA have found a novel noncoding gene that alters proliferation in cancer cells to help tumour development. (bionews.org.uk)
RxPG] Researchers at the University of Utah have discovered that when a gene called smedwi-2 is silenced in the adult stem cells of planarians, the quarter-inch long worm is unable to carry out a biological process that has mystified scientists for centuries: regeneration. (rxpgnews.com)
Scientists then analyze each breast cell for atypica and methylated genes. (emaxhealth.com)

They could represent the most primitive small RNA pathways from which the well-known canonical RNA silencing pathways reported in higher eukaryotes evolved. (mdpi.com)
Laverne is a handy bioinformatics tool to help facilitate scientific exploration of related genes, diseases and pathways based on co-citations. (novusbio.com)

Equally surprising was that the genes were also silenced when the worms ingested the dsRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is responsible for regulating well over one-third of human genes. (mercola.com)
According to Heinemann's analysis, dsRNA-mediated silencing is becoming the basis of novel traits in GM plants, including biopesticides and altered nutritional characteristics. (mercola.com)
By silencing particular genes, Zhu said the dsRNA may kill the developing mosquitoes or make them more susceptible to pesticides. (innovations-report.com)

In this respect, they match the miRNAs much better than the natural gene transcripts that the miRNAs evolved to target. (healthcanal.com)

By analyzing RNA, researchers should be able find out how and when the genes contained in DNA are switched on and off in different cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
For example, it may be that analyzing the transcriptome will reveal that an unknown gene is highly expressed in cancer cells and not in healthy cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Experiments using laboratory-grown cancer cells expressing THOR showed that silencing the gene slowed tumor growth, and that overexpressing it speeded it up. (medicalnewstoday.com)
All the cells in an organism contain the same information in their DNA so that, in order that two different cellular types can exist and that there can be two different development processes, the genes that are not needed at a specific moment have to be switched off. (eurekalert.org)
This repressed or silenced state of the genes is transmitted to the daughter cells after division so that a cellular memory is established. (eurekalert.org)
Described in Cell Stem Cell , the new findings ("MSC-Regulated MicroRNAs Converge on the Transcription Factor FOXP2 and Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis") demonstrate that, when silenced, the FOXP2 transcription factor, otherwise known as the speech gene, endows breast cancer cells with a number of malignant traits and properties that enable them to survive and metastasize. (genengnews.com)
Epigenetics determine when genes are turned on and off, and these epigenetics allow for cells to become cancerous. (redorbit.com)
It was found that enoxacin can increase how well a gene is silenced by up to a factor of ten in cultured cells and by a factor of three in mice. (medindia.net)
Put into mice or human cells, the mutant gene left them unchanged, which only added to the puzzle. (alzforum.org)
Gene silencing thus may be part of an ancient immune system protecting cells from such infectious DNA and RNA . (wikipedia.org)
As in DNA-based gene transfer, virus-derived carriers have shown high efficiency to deliver siRNA to host cells by taking advantage of intracellular trafficking machineries. (hindawi.com)
They say that "silencing" of a single gene in lung cancer led to a general impairment in genome-wide changes in cells, contributing to cancer development and progression. (emaxhealth.com)
Lentiviral Packaging Systems are provided for the generation of pseudoviral particles with high titers for effective gene silencing even in primary and non-dividing cells. (biocat.com)
Our new work contributes to the understanding of how the molecular machine responsible for gene silencing is recruited to its sites of action in human cells, determining which genes are turned off. (cshlpress.com)
The efficiency of gene silencing in cells co-transfected with Cy5-siRNA and pGFP was monitored by GFP fluorescence, and the viability of the cells was monitored by CBNF staining. (bio-medicine.org)
This work provides the first demonstration of siRNA-mediated silencing in myeloid cell types of nonhuman primates (NHPs) and establishes the feasibility of targeting multiple gene targets in rodent myeloid cells. (mit.edu)
In summary, we demonstrate a broadly applicable and therapeutically relevant platform for silencing disease genes in immune cells. (mit.edu)
The defect the researchers identified is the "silencing" of a gene called RARbeta2, which regulates how breast cells utilize vitamin A to keep themselves growing and dividing normally. (emaxhealth.com)
In addition to identifying at-risk women, the gene also provides a way to monitor whether various preventive agents are eradicating damaged breast cells, said Seewaldt. (emaxhealth.com)
A high degree of silencing is maintained in the mitotically active imaginal cells from mid-embryogenesis until early third instar larval stage, and extensive relaxation of silencing is tightly associated with the onset of differentiation. (biologists.org)
The transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1), a product of the MDR1 gene, is responsible for resistance to doxorubicin and taxanes in cultured cells ( 7 ), and plays a key role in breast cancer MDR. (scielo.br)
Next the researchers tested one of the genes in human nerve cells. (healthcanal.com)
PIWI genes are required for the functions in development and maintenance of germline stem cells (Cox et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Silencing of CD24 affects some progression-associated genes in human glioblastoma cells. (aacrjournals.org)
In a previous study, we have identified CD24 as a candidate for the progression associated genes in glioblastoma cells (Abstract number 304, 97th Annual meeting 2006 of AACR). (aacrjournals.org)
The silencing of HIF-1α gene significantly attenuated glycolysis under hypoxic conditions, inhibited growth and invasion, enhanced cell apoptosis in BxPC-3 cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
The silencingof HIF-1α gene significantly attenuated glycolysis under hypoxic conditions, inhibited the growth and invasion ability of BxPC-3 cells, and enhanced hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis. (greenmedinfo.com)

They also offer hope that similar approaches might work for a number of brain diseases caused by the deleterious action of specific disease genes. (news-medical.net)

Drosophila longevity is not affected by heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing. (nih.gov)
Heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing was then modulated without directly influencing HP1 as well as the deacetylases, again yielding no effect on lifespan. (nih.gov)
Transcriptional gene silencing is done by histone modifications, which put heterochromatin around a gene. (wikipedia.org)
Heterochromatic silencing is initiated at the onset of gastrulation, approximately 1 hour after heterochromatin is first visible cytologically. (biologists.org)
These data suggest that the silencing activity of heterochromatin is developmentally programmed. (biologists.org)
1997 ) Association of transcriptionally silent genes with Ikaros complexes at centromeric heterochromatin. (biologists.org)

They found that silencing it stopped tumors from growing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
What the researchers discovered was that the highly conserved lncRNA is important for cancer development, and that silencing it stopped tumors from growing. (medicalnewstoday.com)

With the popularity of siRNA-mediated gene silencing techniques, a wide variety of siRNA kits and reagents have become available. (amsbio.com)

1967 ) A clonal system of differential gene activity in Drosophila. (biologists.org)
1993 ) Control of imaginal cell development by the escargot gene of Drosophila . (biologists.org)
1994 ) Mutagen sensitivity and suppression of position-effect variegation result from mutations in mus209 , the Drosophila gene encoding PCNA. (biologists.org)
The ortholog of Drosophila PIWI gene was identified as PIWIL1/HIWI in a human testis cDNA libray (Qiao et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing are used to regulate genes. (wikipedia.org)

This means the transcriptional machinery ( RNA polymerase , transcription factors , etc.) cannot get at the gene. (wikipedia.org)

A single gene mutation causes this neurodegenerative disease, making it an ideal target for a group of University of Michigan researchers. (news-medical.net)

An ARS researcher will use the technique known as gene silencing to identify genes that enable plants to naturally resist the fungus that causes soybean rust, the foliar disease shown here that diminishes yields. (usda.gov)
In Pedley's studies, the gene-silenced plants will be inoculated with spores of P. pachyrhizi , and monitored for a breakdown in resistance. (usda.gov)
cotton plants that silence a gene that allows cotton bollworms to process the toxin gossypol, which occurs naturally in cotton. (mercola.com)
Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) is an approach that shows promise for the control of a variety of problematic crop‐damaging organisms, ranging from nematodes and insects, to fungi and parasitic plants. (els.net)
This book summarizes current knowledge and working hypotheses about the frequencies and mechanisms of mitochondrial, plastid, nuclear and viral recombination and the inactivation of repeated genes in plants. (powells.com)
Peter Waterhouse and Ming-Bo Wang also received the 2007 Prime Minister's Prize for Science for their discovery of how to silence genes in plants. (www.csiro.au)
The answer could have far-reaching implications, because genes similar to smedwi-2 are found in plants, animals and human beings. (rxpgnews.com)
PowerPoint Slideshow about 'Gene silencing in plants. (slideserve.com)

When a seed is created, a great number of its genes are silenced until the plant is adult and needs their activity", explains Dr Calonje. (eurekalert.org)
Molecular biologist Kerry Pedley , at the ARS Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit at Fort Detrick, Md., will use gene silencing to discover plant genes that play a role in orchestrating defense responses to P. pachyrhizi in resistant soybeans. (usda.gov)
The most striking effects were observed by plant biologists who were trying to increase the colour intensity of the petals in petunias by introducing a gene inducing the formation of red pigment in the flowers. (scienceblog.com)
Efficient virus-induced gene silencing in Arabidopsis using a 'one-step' TYMV-derived vector," The Plant Journal , vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 678-690, 2008. (hindawi.com)
Potato virus X-induced gene silencing in leaves and tubers of potato," Plant Physiology , vol. 134, no. 4, pp. 1308-1316, 2004. (hindawi.com)
S. R. Scofield, L. Huang, A. S. Brandt, and B. S. Gill, "Development of a virus-induced gene-silencing system for hexaploid wheat and its use in functional analysis of the Lr21 -mediated leaf rust resistance pathway," Plant Physiology , vol. 138, no. 4, pp. 2165-2173, 2005. (hindawi.com)
The reviews have been written by distinguished authors who have made significant contributions to plant gene silencing research. (gate2biotech.com)
This volume supersedes other books on gene silencing by focussing on plant systems, where many pioneering experiments have been performed, and by including the latest developments from top laboratories. (gate2biotech.com)
Plant silenced for the Magnesium chelatase gene. (slideserve.com)

Dendrimers have attracted intense interest since their emanating research in the 1980s and are extensively studied as efficient DNA delivery vectors in gene transfer applications, due to their unique features based on the well-defined and multivalent structures. (hindawi.com)

After investigating unexplored regions of the human genome, researchers have discovered a new non-coding gene that appears to play an important role in cancer development. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Heinemann reported that his research revealed over 770 pages of potential matches between two GM genes in the wheat and the human genome. (organicconsumers.org)
Our genome consists of approximately 30,000 genes. (scienceblog.com)
Genome editing is an important technology for bacterial cellular engineering, which is commonly conducted by homologous recombination-based procedures, including gene knockout (disruption), knock-in (insertion), and allelic exchange. (mdpi.com)
One could even speculate that humans owe their existence to imprinting, although it involves only around 1% of the total genome-so far, about 80 imprinted genes have been identified in humans and the mouse. (embopress.org)

Gene silencing can occur during either transcription or translation and is often used in research. (wikipedia.org)
A new picture of CSA mode of action is emerging in which the immunosuppressor prevents the transcription of a group of genes, concomitantly inducing the transcription of another set. (ingentaconnect.com)
Overall, it has been shown that a rationally designed DNA nanodevice can be used to achieve rapid, simple, and cost-effective real-time determination of transcription factor binding activity and downstream gene silencing. (rsc.org)

When the researchers silenced THOR the tumour growth slowed down, instead THOR overexpression made tumours grow faster. (bionews.org.uk)

This process apparently turns off a single gene in a cancer cell responsible for the continued development and spread of the cancer. (bio-medicine.org)

For this preclinical study published in the Annals of Neurology , University of Michigan researchers employed nucleotide-based gene silencing to target the SCA3 disease gene, ATXN3. (news-medical.net)
This procedure is also known as gene silencing that is highly effective and specific, because one nucleotide mismatch between the target mRNA and the siRNA can prevent the recognition and thus the silencing process. (hindawi.com)
Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an organophosphorus nerve agent degrading enzyme from Alteromonas haloplanktis. (ebscohost.com)

Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) has developed a type of genetically modified (GM) wheat that may silence human genes, leading to disastrous health consequences. (organicconsumers.org)

Could it be that such a double-stranded RNA molecule silences the gene carrying the same code as this particular RNA? (scienceblog.com)
Suppressing the gene for an ion flux regulatory molecule protected rats against paralysis following spinal cord injury, researchers said. (medpagetoday.com)
Suppressing the gene for an ion flux regulatory molecule protected rats against paralysis following spinal cord injury, researchers said, a finding that could have similar implications in humans. (medpagetoday.com)

Ivanhoe Newswire) "" Many mechanisms change the activity of genes. (redorbit.com)
I develop a new biophysical method with a basis in well-established techniques to characterize these silencing mechanisms. (europa.eu)

in the absence of a fluorescent or confocal microscope, how can i confirm the gene silencing effect before looking at functional experiments? (protocol-online.org)
i am doing experiments about gene silencing. (protocol-online.org)
Further experiments supported the idea that these genes may be new targets for treating neurological disorders. (healthcanal.com)

Shiu PKT, Raju BN, Zickler D, Metzenberg R (2001) Meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA. (springer.com)

The Gene Silencing By Rna Pathway complements our catalog of research reagents including antibodies and ELISA kits against MAPK1, CDKN1A, DICER1, EIF2C2, AKT1. (novusbio.com)

When researchers give a cell in the lab a double-stranded RNA copy of a specific gene, the cell will prevent its native copy of that gene from being expressed. (technologyreview.com)
A new approach that targets gene activity may be less likely to cause unexpected side-effects because it's a highly specific treatment. (newscientist.com)
In a recent study, described in a story in Technology Review, female mice lose all interest in sex when a specific gene in the brain is silenced. (scienceblogs.com)
Wilson NH, Stoeckli ET (2011) Cell type specific, traceable gene silencing for functional gene analysis during vertebrate neural development. (springer.com)
The findings reinforce tobacco's link to lung cancer development, but show that deactivating one specific gene through a process known as hypermethylation causes systemic dysfunction, or hypomethylation, in many genes, said the study's senior investigator, Zdenko Herceg, Ph.D., head of the Epigenetics Group at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (emaxhealth.com)
Because we can select specific genes for silencing, and the nanoparticles are formed from chitosan -- a virtually non-toxic and biodegradable polymer -- this pest control technology could target specific pest species while being environmentally friendly," he said. (innovations-report.com)
At the molecular level, RT-PCR using gene specific primers will work. (protocol-online.org)
Based on the combined results for a1 , b1 , and three previously described loci, we propose a speculative hypothesis of locus-specific deployment of Pol II, MOP2-containing Pol V, or alternative versions of Pol V with second largest subunits other than MOP2 to explain the mechanistic differences in silencing at specific loci, including one example associated with paramutation. (genetics.org)
Even in the absence of an observable effect of silencing a specific OSN population under control of the promotor of the odor-binding OR, efficiency of silencing can be controlled by targeting the silencing effector gene to the whole OR-expressing OSN population under control of the Orco promotor. (biologists.org)
The researchers designed their RNA to match up with and target specific genes. (scienceagogo.com)

In this Application Note we describe the evaluation of a method using fluorescent labels to determine transfection efficiency and the gene silencing effect. (bio-medicine.org)

Transcriptional gene silencing limits CXCR4-associated deple. (lww.com)
Post-transcriptional gene silencing is done by blocking or destroying the mRNA of a particular gene. (wikipedia.org)

There has already been some nuts in the US Fundimentalists that have called anther gene, of which a mutant version produces more monogamous people, as something they wouldn't mind seeing gene therapy to induce. (scienceblogs.com)
They greatly reduced levels of the mutant RNA coded by the gene in a mouse model of the disease without any toxic effects. (news-medical.net)
To figure out why, first author Dilek Colak and colleagues examined hESC lines that express the mutant gene. (alzforum.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes5

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Humanities6

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Health Care1

The DNA-binding polycomb group protein pleiohomeotic mediates silencing of a Drosophila homeotic gene. (1/10081)

A conserved nuclear element with a role in mammalian gene regulation. (2/10081)

Gene silencing: Maintaining methylation patterns. (3/10081)

Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no protein. (4/10081)

The 5'-untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA suppresses translational repression mediated by the 3' adenosine-uridine-rich element and the poly(A) tail. (5/10081)

DOT4 links silencing and cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (6/10081)

Protein kinase A regulates cholinergic gene expression in PC12 cells: REST4 silences the silencing activity of neuron-restrictive silencer factor/REST. (7/10081)

Delayed translational silencing of ceruloplasmin transcript in gamma interferon-activated U937 monocytic cells: role of the 3' untranslated region. (8/10081)

Cell Line, Tumor

RNA, Untranslated

Tumor Burden

Mice, Nude

Neovascularization, Pathologic

Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Neoplasms, Experimental

Encyclopedias as Topic

Gene Knockdown Techniques

MedlinePlus

RNA Interference

Genes, Essential

Gene Silencing

RNA, Small Interfering

Ovarian Neoplasms

Faculty, Medical

Gene Expression Profiling

DNA Methylation

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Methylation

Nobel Prize

Awards and Prizes

History, 20th Century

History, 19th Century

History, 21st Century

Allergy and Immunology

Professional Misconduct

The DNA-binding polycomb group protein pleiohomeotic mediates silencing of a Drosophila homeotic gene. (1/10081)

A conserved nuclear element with a role in mammalian gene regulation. (2/10081)

Gene silencing: Maintaining methylation patterns. (3/10081)

Gene silencing: RNA makes RNA makes no protein. (4/10081)

The 5'-untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA suppresses translational repression mediated by the 3' adenosine-uridine-rich element and the poly(A) tail. (5/10081)

DOT4 links silencing and cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (6/10081)

Protein kinase A regulates cholinergic gene expression in PC12 cells: REST4 silences the silencing activity of neuron-restrictive silencer factor/REST. (7/10081)

Delayed translational silencing of ceruloplasmin transcript in gamma interferon-activated U937 monocytic cells: role of the 3' untranslated region. (8/10081)

In cancer, an embryonic gene-silencing mechanism gone awry

Scientists discover how to silence genes, could prevent disorders • Earth.com

ARHGAP1 si/shRNA Gene Silencers si/shRNA Gene Silencers | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology

TXA Synthase si/shRNA Gene Silencers si/shRNA Gene Silencers | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology

Plus it

Sense Transgene-induced Silencing is Impaired in dcl2 M | Open-i

Addgene: Generation of gene-modified mice via Cas9/RNA-mediated gene targeting.

Study finds some aggressive tumors silence genes that fight cancer

Implementation of two-region transition matrix T. Silen | Open-i

Gentaur Molecular :EpigenTek \ EpiQuik DNA Methyltransferase DNMT Activity Inhibition Assay Kit Fluorometric \ P-3004-48

EGO-1, a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is required for heterochromatin assembly on unpaired dna during C. elegans...

RNA silencing : methods and protocols - University of Missouri Libraries

Time & Orthodontics Can Silence Bullies

Video animation: RNA interference : News blog

How the Brain Remembers Pleasure: Implications for Addiction - Science and Technology Updates

gene silencing - EMBS

Targeting CDK9 Reactivates Epigenetically Silenced Genes in Cancer

Intramyocardial Gene Silencing by Interfering RNA | Abstract

Dog Silencer : Can You Really Stop Dog Barking? | HubPages

Methylation of CpG island promoters is an epigenetic event that can | Proteasome Inhibition Results in TRAIL Sensitization of...

CpG island hypermethylation - Wikipedia

R-Loop Formation Is a Distinctive Characteristic of Unmethylated Human CpG Island Promoters<...

The de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3b compensates the Dnmt1-deficient intestinal epithelium | eLife

Plantae | Heterochromatin keeps RNA-directed DNA methylation in place? | Plantae

Epigenetic genes regulated by the BRAFV600E signaling are associated with alterations in the methylation and expression of...

RNAi Therapeutics: 2 Short Stories: An siRNA Delivery Paper by Merck, Pharmaceutical Interest in Silences Gene Target

PLOS Genetics: Maize Unstable factor for orange1 Is Required for Maintaining Silencing Associated with Paramutation at the...

Argonaute Protein Dynamics in RNA-directed DNA Methylation - Fingerprint - Texas Tech University Scholars

Archive - Jun 22, 2012 | www.bioquicknews.com

State-of-the-art modified RNAi compounds for therapeutics. - Semantic Scholar

siRNA, DsiRNA and Plasmid Transfection Efficiency: siRNA-mediated gene silencing

Stem cell secretions may protect against glaucoma - Healthcare Times

I Archives - Health Advice

Choosing The Right Carrier For SiRNA-based Applications-A New Reporter System Which Acts By Induction Of Endogenous...

The LINC complex contributes to heterochromatin organisation and transcriptional gene silencing in plants | Journal of Cell...

Long noncoding RNA LINC00305 promotes inflammation by activating the AHRR-NF-?B pathway in human monocytes. | Sigma-Aldrich

shRNA - Good even if I dont need extra benefits? - siRNA, microRNA and RNAi

chemical synthesized siRNA and rapidly dividing cells - siRNA, microRNA and RNAi - BioForum

siRNA data | RNA interference - OMICtools

Cancer specific promoter CpG Islands hypermethylation of HOP homeobox (HOPX) gene and its potential tumor suppressive role in...

Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada: Promoter DNA Hypermethylation and Gene Repression in Undifferentiated...

Short hairpin RNA-mediated gene silencing<...

Methylation-associated silencing of the heat shock protein 47 gene in human neuroblastoma<...

Mutations in LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 affect flowering time and plant architecture in Arabidopsis | Development

US Patent for RNA-mediated gene assembly from DNA oligonucleotides Patent (Patent # 9,873,900 issued January 23, 2018) -...

$Gentaur Molecular :EpigenTek \ EpiQuik DNA Methyltransferase DNMT Activity Inhibition Assay Kit Fluorometric \ P-3004-48$ Gentaur Molecular :EpigenTek \ EpiQuik DNA Methyltransferase DNMT Activity Inhibition Assay Kit Fluorometric \ P-3004-48

基因编辑学术研讨会 -2017年3月上海