AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Gene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, PlantOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPlants, Genetically ModifiedMicroRNAsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGene ExpressionRNA, MessengerTranscription, GeneticPromoter Regions, GeneticBase SequenceRNA, UntranslatedTranscription FactorsPlant LeavesPlant ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataPlant RootsGenes, PlantComputational BiologyChromatinGenomeModels, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticBinding SitesGene Expression Regulation, ArchaealPlant ExtractsPlant ShootsGene Expression Regulation, FungalAlgorithmsArabidopsisNucleic Acid ConformationDNA, PlantPlants, MedicinalReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPlant DevelopmentPlants, ToxicTranscriptomePlant CellsSignal TransductionPlant StemsGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicGenome, PlantRNA StabilityCell LineGene Regulatory NetworksDNA-Binding ProteinsEvolution, MolecularDown-RegulationAmino Acid SequenceGene Expression Regulation, BacterialSequence Analysis, RNAUp-RegulationGene Expression Regulation, Viral3' Untranslated RegionsPlant StructuresPlant Growth RegulatorsPlants, EdibleEpigenesis, GeneticCells, Cultured5' Untranslated RegionsModels, BiologicalArabidopsis ProteinsAlternative SplicingCell Line, TumorConserved SequenceHistonesDNA MethylationTobaccoGene Expression Regulation, LeukemicPlant ImmunitySequence Analysis, DNASoftwareMutationCluster AnalysisPlant EpidermisPhenotypeGenes, ReporterDNA PrimersPhylogenyAngiospermsPlant StomataSeedsDNA, ComplementaryFlowersBlotting, NorthernMicroarray AnalysisPolymerase Chain ReactionLycopersicon esculentumRNATime FactorsTransfectionCell DifferentiationTranscriptional ActivationIn Situ HybridizationMultigene FamilyTrans-ActivatorsZea maysRepressor ProteinsPlant PoisoningPlant TranspirationSeedlingSpecies SpecificitySequence AlignmentChromosomes, PlantReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionNuclear ProteinsPlant TumorsCell NucleusGene SilencingProtein BindingPlant Components, AerialExpressed Sequence TagsMice, Inbred C57BLDNAOxylipinsPlasmidsBacterial ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsStress, PhysiologicalCyclopentanesLiverDatabases, GeneticPlant PreparationsPhotosynthesisOrgan SpecificitySymbiosisBlotting, WesternLuciferasesGenetic VectorsRNA InterferenceFabaceaeIndoleacetic AcidsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsGene LibraryHerbivoryTumor Cells, CulturedBiomassSalicylic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsReproducibility of ResultsPower PlantsGenomicsLightSolanum tuberosumRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidTransgenesImmunohistochemistryAbscisic AcidPlant NectarRNA, Small InterferingAdaptation, PhysiologicalRats, Sprague-DawleyEnhancer Elements, GeneticChromatin ImmunoprecipitationMice, TransgenicResponse ElementsPlant BarkGerminationCloning, MolecularMycorrhizaeSoilRoot Nodules, PlantRecombinant ProteinsChloroplastsChromosome MappingHost-Pathogen InteractionsNitrogenGerm Cells, PlantDroughtsPlant Physiological ProcessesCell ProliferationProtein BiosynthesisEcosystemBrassicaCarrier ProteinsTransformation, GeneticSaccharomyces cerevisiaePollenGenetic VariationHordeumNF-kappa BNucleic Acid HybridizationApoptosisMembrane ProteinsTriticumPlant LectinsMedicine, TraditionalHeLa CellsPhytotherapyPlant ExudatesProteinsSoybeansFibroblastsEscherichia coliPlant InfertilityGlucuronidaseGene DeletionDisease ResistancePoaceaeMice, Knockout
Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Gene Expression Regulation, Plant: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.RNA, Untranslated: RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Plant Proteins: Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Plant Roots: The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Genes, Plant: The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.Chromatin: The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.Genome: The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.Models, Genetic: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in archaea.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Plant Shoots: New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Arabidopsis: A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.Nucleic Acid Conformation: The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.DNA, Plant: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.Plants, Medicinal: Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Plant Development: Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.Plants, Toxic: Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.Transcriptome: The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.Plant Cells: Basic functional unit of plants.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Plant Stems: Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.Genome, Plant: The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.RNA Stability: The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Gene Regulatory Networks: Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Evolution, Molecular: The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Sequence Analysis, RNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.3' Untranslated Regions: The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.Plant Structures: The parts of plants, including SEEDS.Plant Growth Regulators: Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.Plants, Edible: An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.Epigenesis, Genetic: A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.5' Untranslated Regions: The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.Alternative Splicing: A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Conserved Sequence: A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.Histones: Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Tobacco: A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in leukemia.Plant Immunity: The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Plant Epidermis: A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Genes, Reporter: Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Angiosperms: Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.Plant Stomata: Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Flowers: The reproductive organs of plants.Blotting, Northern: Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.Microarray Analysis: The simultaneous analysis, on a microchip, of multiple samples or targets arranged in an array format.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Lycopersicon esculentum: A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Transcriptional Activation: Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.Zea mays: A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.Repressor Proteins: Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.Plant Poisoning: Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.Plant Transpiration: The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Seedling: Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Chromosomes, Plant: Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Plant Tumors: A localized proliferation of plant tissue forming a swelling or outgrowth, commonly with a characteristic shape and unlike any organ of the normal plant. Plant tumors or galls usually form in response to the action of a pathogen or a pest. (Holliday, P., A Dictionary of Plant Pathology, 1989, p330)Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Plant Components, Aerial: The above-ground plant without the roots.Expressed Sequence Tags: Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.Mice, Inbred C57BLDNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Oxylipins: Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Homeodomain Proteins: Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).Stress, Physiological: The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Databases, Genetic: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.Plant Preparations: Material prepared from plants.Photosynthesis: The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)Organ Specificity: Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.Symbiosis: The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Luciferases: Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.Genetic Vectors: DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Fabaceae: The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.Indoleacetic Acids: Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Gene Library: A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.Herbivory: The act of feeding on plants by animals.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.Salicylic Acid: A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.Green Fluorescent Proteins: Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Power Plants: Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.Genomics: The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.Light: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.Solanum tuberosum: A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid: Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.Transgenes: Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.Plant Nectar: Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Enhancer Elements, Genetic: Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Response Elements: Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.Plant Bark: The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.Germination: The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Mycorrhizae: Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.Soil: The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.Root Nodules, Plant: Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Chloroplasts: Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Host-Pathogen Interactions: The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.Germ Cells, Plant: The reproductive cells of plants.Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Plant Physiological Processes: Physiological functions characteristic of plants.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Protein Biosynthesis: The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.Ecosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Brassica: A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Transformation, Genetic: Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Pollen: The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Hordeum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.NF-kappa B: Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.Plant Lectins: Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.Medicine, Traditional: Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Plant Exudates: Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.Proteins: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.Soybeans: An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Plant Infertility: The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)GlucuronidaseGene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Disease Resistance: The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.Poaceae: A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants. (1/14262)

The rice homeobox gene OSH15 (Oryza sativa homeobox) is a member of the knotted1-type homeobox gene family. We report here on the identification and characterization of a loss-of-function mutation in OSH15 from a library of retrotransposon-tagged lines of rice. Based on the phenotype and map position, we have identified three independent deletion alleles of the locus among conventional morphological mutants. All of these recessive mutations, which are considered to be null alleles, exhibit defects in internode elongation. Introduction of a 14 kbp genomic DNA fragment that includes all exons, introns and 5'- and 3'- flanking sequences of OSH15 complemented the defects in internode elongation, confirming that they were caused by the loss-of-function of OSH15. Internodes of the mutants had abnormal-shaped epidermal and hypodermal cells and showed an unusual arrangement of small vascular bundles. These mutations demonstrate a role for OSH15 in the development of rice internodes. This is the first evidence that the knotted1-type homeobox genes have roles other than shoot apical meristem formation and/or maintenance in plant development.  (+info)

Enhanced resistance to bacterial diseases of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing sarcotoxin IA, a bactericidal peptide of insect. (2/14262)

Sarcotoxin IA is a bactericidal peptide of 39 amino acids found in the common flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina. Many agronomically important bacteria in Japan are killed by this peptide at sub-micro molar levels, and the growth of tobacco and rice suspension cultured cells is not inhibited with less than 25 microM. Transgenic tobacco plants which overexpress the peptide, i.e. over 250 pmol per gram of fresh leaf, under the control of a high expression constitutive promoter showed enhanced resistance to the pathogens for wild fire disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci) and bacterial soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora).  (+info)

Male gametic cell-specific gene expression in flowering plants. (3/14262)

The role of the male gamete-the sperm cell-in the process of fertilization is to recognize, adhere to, and fuse with the female gamete. These highly specialized functions are expected to be controlled by activation of a unique set of genes. However, male gametic cells traditionally have been regarded as transcriptionally quiescent because of highly condensed chromatin and a very reduced amount of cytoplasm. Here, we provide evidence for male gamete-specific gene expression in flowering plants. We identified and characterized a gene, LGC1, which was shown to be expressed exclusively in the male gametic cells. The gene product of LGC1 was localized at the surface of male gametic cells, suggesting a possible role in sperm-egg interactions. These findings represent an important step toward defining the molecular mechanisms of male gamete development and the cellular processes involved in fertilization of flowering plants.  (+info)

Novel genes induced during an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis formed between Medicago truncatula and Glomus versiforme. (4/14262)

Many terrestrial plant species are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Here we have identified three cDNA clones representing genes whose expression is induced during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis formed between Medicago truncatula and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus versiforme. The three clones represent M. truncatula genes and encode novel proteins: a xyloglucan endotransglycosylase-related protein, a putative arabinogalactan protein (AGP), and a putative homologue of the mammalian p110 subunit of initiation factor 3 (eIF3). These genes show little or no expression in M. truncatula roots prior to formation of the symbiosis and are significantly induced following colonization by G. versiforme. The genes are not induced in roots in response to increases in phosphate. This suggests that induction of expression during the symbiosis is due to the interaction with the fungus and is not a secondary effect of improved phosphate nutrition. In situ hybridization revealed that the putative AGP is expressed specifically in cortical cells containing arbuscules. The identification of two mycorrhiza-induced genes encoding proteins predicted to be involved in cell wall structure is consistent with previous electron microscopy data that indicated major alterations in the extracellular matrix of the cortical cells following colonization by mycorrhizal fungi.  (+info)

A novel 53-kDa nodulin of the symbiosome membrane of soybean nodules, controlled by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. (5/14262)

A nodule-specific 53-kDa protein (GmNOD53b) of the symbiosome membrane from soybean was isolated and its LysC digestion products were microsequenced. cDNA clones of this novel nodulin, obtained from cDNA library screening with an RT-PCR (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction)-generated hybridization probe exhibited no homology to proteins identified so far. The expression of GmNOD53b coincides with the onset of nitrogen fixation. Therefore, it is a late nodulin. Among other changes, the GmNOD53b is significantly reduced in nodules infected with the Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutant 184 on the protein level as well as on the level of mRNA expression, compared with the wild-type infected nodules. The reduction of GmNOD53b mRNA is related to an inactivation of the sipF gene in B. japonicum 184, coding for a functionally active signal peptidase.  (+info)

The auxin-insensitive bodenlos mutation affects primary root formation and apical-basal patterning in the Arabidopsis embryo. (6/14262)

In Arabidopsis embryogenesis, the primary root meristem originates from descendants of both the apical and the basal daughter cell of the zygote. We have isolated a mutant of a new gene named BODENLOS (BDL) in which the primary root meristem is not formed whereas post-embryonic roots develop and bdl seedlings give rise to fertile adult plants. Some bdl seedlings lacked not only the root but also the hypocotyl, thus resembling monopteros (mp) seedlings. In addition, bdl seedlings were insensitive to the auxin analogue 2,4-D, as determined by comparison with auxin resistant1 (axr1) seedlings. bdl embryos deviated from normal development as early as the two-cell stage at which the apical daughter cell of the zygote had divided horizontally instead of vertically. Subsequently, the uppermost derivative of the basal daughter cell, which is normally destined to become the hypophysis, divided abnormally and failed to generate the quiescent centre of the root meristem and the central root cap. We also analysed double mutants. bdl mp embryos closely resembled the two single mutants, bdl and mp, at early stages, while bdl mp seedlings essentially consisted of hypocotyl but did form primary leaves. bdl axr1 embryos approached the mp phenotype at later stages, and bdl axr1 seedlings resembled mp seedlings. Our results suggest that BDL is involved in auxin-mediated processes of apical-basal patterning in the Arabidopsis embryo.  (+info)

NADH-glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules. Genetic regulation and cellular expression. (7/14262)

NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14) is a key enzyme in primary nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules. Here we report that in alfalfa, a single gene, probably with multiple alleles, encodes for NADH-GOGAT. In situ hybridizations were performed to assess the location of NADH-GOGAT transcript in alfalfa root nodules. In wild-type cv Saranac nodules the NADH-GOGAT gene is predominantly expressed in infected cells. Nodules devoid of bacteroids (empty) induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti 7154 had no NADH-GOGAT transcript detectable by in situ hybridization, suggesting that the presence of the bacteroid may be important for NADH-GOGAT expression. The pattern of expression of NADH-GOGAT shifted during root nodule development. Until d 9 after planting, all infected cells appeared to express NADH-GOGAT. By d 19, a gradient of expression from high in the early symbiotic zone to low in the late symbiotic zone was observed. In 33-d-old nodules expression was seen in only a few cell layers in the early symbiotic zone. This pattern of expression was also observed for the nifH transcript but not for leghemoglobin. The promoter of NADH-GOGAT was evaluated in transgenic alfalfa plants carrying chimeric beta-glucuronidase promoter fusions. The results suggest that there are at least four regulatory elements. The region responsible for expression in the infected cell zone contains an 88-bp direct repeat.  (+info)

A single limit dextrinase gene is expressed both in the developing endosperm and in germinated grains of barley. (8/14262)

The single gene encoding limit dextrinase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.41) in barley (Hordeum vulgare) has 26 introns that range in size from 93 to 822 base pairs. The mature polypeptide encoded by the gene has 884 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 97,417 D. Limit dextrinase mRNA is abundant in gibberellic acid-treated aleurone layers and in germinated grain. Gibberellic acid response elements were found in the promoter region of the gene. These observations suggest that the enzyme participates in starch hydrolysis during endosperm mobilization in germinated grain. The mRNA encoding the enzyme is present at lower levels in the developing endosperm of immature grain, a location consistent with a role for limit dextrinase in starch synthesis. Enzyme activity was also detected in developing grain. The limit dextrinase has a presequence typical of transit peptides that target nascent polypeptides to amyloplasts, but this would not be expected to direct secretion of the mature enzyme from aleurone cells in germinated grain. It remains to be discovered how the enzyme is released from the aleurone and whether another enzyme, possibly of the isoamylase group, might be equally important for starch hydrolysis in germinated grain.  (+info)

Plant Gene Expression Position AnnouncemPlant Gene Expression Position Announcem
DEKALB Genetics Corporation, the fastest growing agricultural seed company in the U.S., has an opening for an independent PhD level scientist in the area of PLANT GENE EXPRESSION. The successful candidate will join the Agronomic Traits Program of DEKALBs biotechnology research facility in Mystic, CT, a scenic shoreline community on Long Island Sound. The research focus of the position will be aimed towards understanding and manipulating factors that affect the expression of transgenes in plants, identifying suitable promoters and enhancers, and employing this technology in the development of transgenic plant products. Other responsibilities may include cloning agronomically important genes. Candidates should have a Ph.D. in a relevant biological science, more than three years experience in plant molecular biology and demonstrated expertise in the area of plant gene expression. Post-doctoral experience is preferred. In addition to a stimulating scientific environment, DEKALB offers excellent ...
Analysis of Plant Gene Expression Using Flow Cytometry and Sorting<...Analysis of Plant Gene Expression Using Flow Cytometry and Sorting<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Analysis of Plant Gene Expression Using Flow Cytometry and Sorting. AU - Galbraith, David W. PY - 2007/5/21. Y1 - 2007/5/21. KW - Analysis of plant gene expression. KW - Combining flow and image cytometry. KW - Defining cellular states. KW - Flow cytometry. KW - Flow sorting. KW - Methods. KW - Technologies. KW - Use of protoplasts for confirmatory studies. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=46449131685&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=46449131685&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1002/9783527610921.ch17. DO - 10.1002/9783527610921.ch17. M3 - Chapter. AN - SCOPUS:46449131685. SN - 9783527314874. SP - 405. EP - 422. BT - Flow Cytometry with Plant Cells: Analysis of Genes, Chromosomes and Genomes. PB - Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. ER - ...
Regulation of Vegetative Phase Change by SWI2/SNF2 Chromatin Remodeling ATPase BRAHMA. - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)Regulation of Vegetative Phase Change by SWI2/SNF2 Chromatin Remodeling ATPase BRAHMA. - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)
Plants progress from a juvenile vegetative phase of development to an adult vegetative phase of development before they enter the reproductive phase. miR156 has been shown to be the master regulator of the juvenile-to-adult transition in plants. However, the mechanism of how miR156 is transcriptionally regulated still remains elusive. In a forward genetic screen, we identified that a mutation in the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling ATPase BRAHMA (BRM) exhibited an accelerated vegetative phase change phenotype by reducing the expression of miR156, which in turn caused a corresponding increase in the levels of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE genes. BRM regulates miR156 expression by directly binding to the MIR156A promoter. Mutations in BRM not only increased occupancy of the -2 and +1 nucleosomes proximal to the transcription start site at the MIR156A locus but also the levels of trimethylated histone H3 at Lys 27. The precocious phenotype of brm mutant was partially suppressed by a second ...
Environmental Stress-Responsive Gene Expression Mediated Through Heat Shock Transcription Factor| Research Project...Environmental Stress-Responsive Gene Expression Mediated Through Heat Shock Transcription Factor| Research Project...
This proposed research project seeks to understand environmental stress-responsive gene expression mediated through Heat Shock Transcription Factor (HSF). This project will involve the following three components: 1) a study of the DNA-binding properties of HSF to different stress-responsive promoters using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay to determine the relative binding affinity, and chemical cross linking reagents to determine the multimerization state of HSF; 2) map the sites of phosphorylation on HCF in response to different cellular stress; 3) determine the importance of the phosphorylation of HCF in regulating stress-responsive gene expression in vivo by constructing site directed mutations in the HCF phosphorylation sites and replacing the endogenous copy of HCF with each mutated HCF. Cells expressing the mutationally altered HCF molecules will be tested for their ability to activate CUP transcription in response to heat and oxidative stress. For the first research goal, DNA ...
RNA commutes to work: Regulation of plant gene expression by systemically transported RNA molecules<...RNA commutes to work: Regulation of plant gene expression by systemically transported RNA molecules<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - RNA commutes to work. T2 - Regulation of plant gene expression by systemically transported RNA molecules. AU - Ueki, Shoko. AU - Citovsky, Vitaly. PY - 2001/12/1. Y1 - 2001/12/1. N2 - Although long-distance movement of endogenous mRNAs in plants is well established, the functional contributions of these transported RNA molecules has remained unclear. In a recent report, Kim et al. showed that systemically transported mRNA is capable of causing phenotypic change in developing tissue. Here, this finding and its significance are reviewed and discussed in detail. In addition, in order to give proper perspective, long-distance transport of other types of RNAs, e.g., RNA elicitors of post-transcriptional gene silencing and RNA genomes of plant viruses, and its possible regulation are discussed.. AB - Although long-distance movement of endogenous mRNAs in plants is well established, the functional contributions of these transported RNA molecules has remained unclear. In a recent report, ...
Stress: Plant Protein DatabaseStress: Plant Protein Database
A collection of biotic and abiotic stress responsive genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa L. It uses HMM-based models to identify binding sites of transcription factors in their promoters ...
About Us | UF Space PlantsAbout Us | UF Space Plants
My research interests focus on the regulation of plant gene expression in response to abiotic stress and extreme environments, with particular interest in chromatin structure, genome organization and epigenetic change. Venues associated with spaceflight provide an opportunity to explore plant genomic responses to an environment that is outside the evolutionary experience of terrestrial organisms. This unique platform presents a background by which adaptive metabolisms can be observed as they are crafted to cope with a stress de novo; providing a window into the origins of adaptive processes.. ...
Nighttime Sugar Starvation Orchestrates Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Plant Growth in Arabidopsis | Plant CellNighttime Sugar Starvation Orchestrates Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Plant Growth in Arabidopsis | Plant Cell
A plants eventual size depends on the integration of its genetic program with environmental cues, which vary on a daily basis. Both efficient carbon metabolism and the plant hormone gibberellin are required to guarantee optimal plant growth. Yet, little is known about the interplay between carbon metabolism and gibberellins that modulates plant growth. Here, we show that sugar starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana arising from inefficient starch metabolism at night strongly reduces the expression of ent-kaurene synthase, a key regulatory enzyme for gibberellin synthesis, the following day. Our results demonstrate that plants integrate the efficiency of photosynthesis over a period of days, which is transduced into a daily rate of gibberellin biosynthesis. This enables a plant to grow to a size that is compatible with its environment. ...
Multiple abiotic stimuli are integrated in the regulation of rice gene expression under field conditions<...Multiple abiotic stimuli are integrated in the regulation of rice gene expression under field conditions<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Multiple abiotic stimuli are integrated in the regulation of rice gene expression under field conditions. AU - Plessis, Anne. AU - Hafemeister, Christoph. AU - Wilkins, Olivia. AU - Gonzaga, Zennia Jean. AU - Meyer, Rachel Sarah. AU - Pires, Inês. AU - Müller, Christian. AU - Septiningsih, Endang M.. AU - Bonneau, Richard. AU - Purugganan, Michael. PY - 2015/11/26. Y1 - 2015/11/26. N2 - Plants rely on transcriptional dynamics to respond to multiple climatic fluctuations and contexts in nature. We analyzed the genome-wide gene expression patterns of rice (Oryza sativa) growing in rainfed and irrigated fields during two distinct tropical seasons and determined simple linear models that relate transcriptomic variation to climatic fluctuations. These models combine multiple environmental parameters to account for patterns of expression in the field of coexpressed gene clusters. We examined the similarities of our environmental models between tropical and temperate field conditions, ...
Rapid Induction of Regulatory and Transporter Genes in Response to Phosphorus, Potassium, and Iron Deficiencies in Tomato Roots...Rapid Induction of Regulatory and Transporter Genes in Response to Phosphorus, Potassium, and Iron Deficiencies in Tomato Roots...
Previous studies strongly suggest that changes in plant status for different mineral nutrients are linked to expression of mineral nutrition-related genes in a manner that facilitates mineral nutrient homeostasis (for reviews, see Grossman and Takahashi, 2001; Kochian, 2000; Raghothama, 2000). Therefore, we are interested in identifying genes that may play a role in plant responses to changes in mineral status. Seventeen different mineral deficiency-induced genes were identified and confirmed by RNA gel-blot analysis, along with genes previously reported to be induced specifically by P, K, and Fe deficiency in plants. These previously reported genes include phosphate transporters (LePT1 and LePT2; Liu et al., 1998) induced in response to −P conditions, K transporters (LeHAK5 and LeKC1) induced by K deprivation, and an Fe transporter (LeIRT1, Eckhardt et al., 2001) induced by −Fe conditions. LeKC1 reported here is a different gene from LKT1 (accession no. CAA65254) reported previously ...
Plus itPlus it
Our study contributes to the literature that show that hyperosmotic stress induces an ER stress‐like response. Water restriction or dDAVP infusion, which both increase medullary osmolality, increased Grp78 and ATF4 expression in the inner medulla (van Balkom et al. 2004; Cai et al. 2006, 2010). Conversely, GRP78 protein abundance decreased in IMCD of animals subjected to vasopressin escape (Hoorn et al. 2005). Expression levels of ER stress‐responsive genes CHOP and ATF3 were increased by either NaCl or urea challenge in cultured IMCD cells (Kultz et al. 1998; Zhang et al. 1999; Tian and Cohen 2002) and several ER stress‐responsive genes were upregulated by NaCl challenge in renal fibroblast cell lines (Dihazi et al. 2011). Our study shows that overall, the extent of induction of ER stress‐responsive genes by either Tg or Tun was significantly higher than that induced by hyperosmolality. However, it should be noted that induction of ER stress by either chemical agent would be expected to ...
Regulatory Functions of SnRK1 in Stress-Responsive Gene Expression and in Plant Growth and Development | Plant PhysiologyRegulatory Functions of SnRK1 in Stress-Responsive Gene Expression and in Plant Growth and Development | Plant Physiology
This study provides molecular, cellular, and genetic evidence that SnRK1 activity plays multiple essential roles in plant growth and development and that, from a nuclear location, SnRK1 regulates specific stress-inducible genes involved in physiological adaptation to stress.. The nuclear SnRK1 function in plants was much anticipated from orthologous gene functions in yeast and mammals (Ahuatzi et al., 2007; Bungard et al., 2010). Yeast Hxk2 functions in the nucleus through protein-protein interactions with another nuclear protein, Mig1, which is a protein substrate of Snf1 (Ahuatzi et al., 2007). Under low-Glc conditions, Snf1 phosphorylates Mig1 and the phosphorylated Mig1 exits the nucleus. This exclusion of the phosphorylated Mig1 derepresses Glc-repressed gene expression. Furthermore, using a fluorescent reporter, AMPK activity can be directly measured in the nucleus (Tsou et al., 2011). In this study, we found evidence that not only Arabidopsis SnRK1 (Bitrián et al., 2011) but also rice ...
Sampling the Arabidopsis transcriptome with massively parallel...Sampling the Arabidopsis transcriptome with massively parallel...
Sampling the Arabidopsis transcriptome with massively parallel pyrosequencing.: Massively parallel sequencing of DNA by pyrosequencing technology offers much hi
Most recent papers with the keyword Catabolism | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Catabolism | Read by QxMD
ERF subfamily transcription factors play an important role in plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. A cold responsive ethylene responsive factor (ERF), MfERF1, was isolated from Medicago falcata, an important forage legume that has great cold tolerance. Overexpression of MfERF1 resulted in an increased tolerance to freezing and chilling in transgenic tobacco plants, while down-regulation of the ortholog of MfERF1 in M. truncatula resulted in reduced freezing tolerance in RNAi plants. Higher transcript levels of some stress responsive genes (CHN50, OSM, ERD10C, and SAMS) and those involved in spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) synthesis (SAMDC1, SAMDC2, SPDS1, SPDS2, and SPMS) and catabolism (PAO) were observed in transgenic plants than in WT ...
microRNA holds back the boundary | DevelopmentmicroRNA holds back the boundary | Development
Organ development in plant meristems requires that boundary domains around the primordia remain stable despite continuous growth and cell division. In Arabidopsis, the establishment and maintenance of the boundary around organ primordia of shoot apical and floral meristems is regulated by three partially redundant transcription factors, CUC1-CUC3. On p. 4311, Laufs et al. examine the interaction between these three transcription factors and a microRNA - miR164 - during boundary regulation. They show that miR164 targets cuc1 and cuc2, but not cuc3, mRNA for degradation, explaining why miR164 overexpression results in similar patterning and floral defects as cuc1 cuc2 double mutants. They also modified cuc2 mRNA to make it resistant to miR164-guided cleavage and found that this expanded the boundary domain. The authors propose that miR164 constrains the expanding boundary by clearing boundary cells of CUC1 and CUC2, thus changing their cell identity.. ...
Kidz Buzz @ Kidz Central Station - One Stop Shopping for Kids ClassesKidz Buzz @ Kidz Central Station - One Stop Shopping for Kids' Classes
Kids love Santa! He brings them toys, and has great songs and stories that they want to hear over and over. Children often enthusiastically agree to visit Santa to tell him about their Christmas lists. But parents are then confronted with the dilemma of taking said kids to visit Santa only to have the same enthusiasm replaced with tears. There is no shortage of images on the web of children dressed in their holiday best, howling on Santas lap with outstretched arms toward a parent who has abandoned them just out of frame. I also remember being wary of a man entering our house unnoticed as a child, even if he was bringing presents. Here are a few tips for parents who want to help their children enjoy this holiday tradition and maybe even ace that holiday photo.. First, recognize that stranger anxiety is a healthy and expected developmental phase for young children. Toddlers and preschoolers are most likely to fear a visit to Santa. As familiar as the character of Santa becomes for young children ...
Dynamic EMT & MET in Breast Cancer - Cancer Council VictoriaDynamic EMT & MET in Breast Cancer - Cancer Council Victoria
The project explores the exciting possibility that cells which escape into the blood stream exhibit a phenotype reminiscent of certain developmental phases. Confirmation of this will provide new treatment avenues and new opportunities for diagnosis.
Cross-talk between abiotic and biotic stress signaling | RSBCross-talk between abiotic and biotic stress signaling | RSB
Being sessile, plant are exposed to a range of stresses, of both abiotic and biotic origin, during the course of their life, and often simultaneously.
What are some different types of leaves? | Reference.comWhat are some different types of leaves? | Reference.com
Leaves are categorized depending on their shapes, whether they are stalked or not, and if the leaves have smooth or jagged edges. All leaves are divided into two main types: simple or...
What to charge for leaves | LawnSiteWhat to charge for leaves | LawnSite
What should I charge for cleaning up leaves? Some yards still need a couple more mowings but the leaves are starting to come down. So what should I...
Withered Leaf | HubPagesWithered Leaf | HubPages
People often say: we have to forget what had been because past is past. But dont we realize that our past is what made us to become who we are in the present?
SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 2 controls floral organ development and plant fertility by activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES...SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 2 controls floral organ development and plant fertility by activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES...
Read "SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 2 controls floral organ development and plant fertility by activating ASYMMETRIC LEAVES 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Molecular Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
EDISS - Regulation of class III peroxidases and respiratory burst oxidase homologs by biotic and abiotic stress in maize (Zea...EDISS - Regulation of class III peroxidases and respiratory burst oxidase homologs by biotic and abiotic stress in maize (Zea...
The plasma membrane-bound peroxidases (PRX) zmprx01, zmprx66 and zmprx70 and the respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOH) rbohA, rbohB, rbohC and rbohD were analysed in this study. The distribution of the genes inside the roots was investigated by real-time qPCR. Therefor four different segments (root tip, elongation zone, differentiation zone and lateral roots) were in focus of the analyses. It could be observed that the genes are differently distributed in the root. The peroxidases were predominantly expressed in the elongation zone and almost not in the root tip. The rboh genes were more inhomogeneous distributed. For each RBOH a specific expression pattern could be detected. rbohA was mostly expressed in the differentiation zone. rbohB was more even expressed in the root. rbohC was even distributed as well but predominantly in the elongation zone. rbohD was mostly expressed in the differentiation zone. For a further investigation of the peroxidases plants were exposed to cadmium (short term and
New/Updated Arabidopsis DNA 20-Nov-1999New/Updated Arabidopsis DNA 20-Nov-1999
New DNA Sequences ======================= AC013430 AC013430 88172bp DNA HTG 11-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 1 clone F3F9, WORKING DRAFT SEQUENCE, 6 unordered pieces. HTG; HTGS_PHASE1. ATF11C1 AL132976 105644bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F11C1 ATF15G16 AL132959 104868bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F15G16 ATF18N11 AL132953 91275bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F18N11 ATF1P2 AL132955 101154bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F1P2 ATF24B22 AL132957 100285bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F24B22 ATF24M12 AL132980 129515bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F24M12 ATF2A19 AL132962 95993bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F2A19 ATF2K15 AL132956 130956bp DNA PLN 12-NOV-1999 Arabidopsis thaliana DNA chromosome 3, BAC clone F2K15 ...
Arabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express DatabaseArabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express Database
AtTome: Arabidopsis Transcriptome Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Marker, EST, MPSS, SAGE, miRNA, sRNA, Arabidopsis Tiling Array and Gene Expression Data. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
Arabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express DatabaseArabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express Database
AtTome: Arabidopsis Transcriptome Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Marker, EST, MPSS, SAGE, miRNA, sRNA, Arabidopsis Tiling Array and Gene Expression Data. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
Arabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express DatabaseArabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express Database
AtTome: Arabidopsis Transcriptome Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Marker, EST, MPSS, SAGE, miRNA, sRNA, Arabidopsis Tiling Array and Gene Expression Data. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
Arabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express DatabaseArabidopsis Transcriptome Genomic Express Database
AtTome: Arabidopsis Transcriptome Functional Genomics Database. gebd Arabidopsis Genome Browser. iSect Tools, iView Tools and Gene Expression Atlas. Collection of Arabidopsis T-DNA/Ds, Full-length cDNA, Marker, EST, MPSS, SAGE, miRNA, sRNA, Arabidopsis Tiling Array and Gene Expression Data. Created and developed by Huaming Chen
Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress)
calphotos.berkeley.edu. Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress) is a flowering plant belonging to the family Brassicaceae which contains economically important brassica and mustard species. Arabidopsis thaliana was the first plant to have its genome sequenced. Arabidopsis thaliana is not of economic value itself, but has risen to prominence because of its small size, short generation time and small genome, which make it an ideal plant to use for research. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has a haploid chromosome number of 5, containing 135 Mb with 32,000 protein-coding genes. The reference proteome is derived from the genome sequence published in 2000 for the ecotype Columbia (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v408/n6814/full/408796a0.html). ...
Phylogenetic profiling of the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome: what proteins distinguish plants from other organisms? | Genome...Phylogenetic profiling of the Arabidopsis thaliana proteome: what proteins distinguish plants from other organisms? | Genome...
The availability of the complete genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana together with those of other organisms provides an opportunity to decipher the genetic factors that define plant form and function. To begin this task, we have classified the nuclear protein-coding genes of Arabidopsis thaliana on the basis of their pattern of sequence similarity to organisms across the three domains of life. We identified 3,848 Arabidopsis proteins that are likely to be found solely within the plant lineage. More than half of these plant-specific proteins are of unknown function, emphasizing the general lack of knowledge of processes unique to plants. Plant-specific proteins that are membrane-associated and/or targeted to the mitochondria or chloroplasts are the most poorly characterized. Analyses of microarray data indicate that genes coding for plant-specific proteins, but not evolutionarily conserved proteins, are more likely to be expressed in an organ-specific manner. A large proportion (13%) of plant
IJMS | Free Full-Text | A Rice Immunophilin Gene, OsFKBP16-3, Confers Tolerance to Environmental Stress in Arabidopsis and RiceIJMS | Free Full-Text | A Rice Immunophilin Gene, OsFKBP16-3, Confers Tolerance to Environmental Stress in Arabidopsis and Rice
The putative thylakoid lumen immunophilin, FKBP16-3, has not yet been characterized, although this protein is known to be regulated by thioredoxin and possesses a well-conserved CxxxC motif in photosynthetic organisms. Here, we characterized rice OsFKBP16-3 and examined the role of this gene in the regulation of abiotic stress in plants. FKBP16-3s are well conserved in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, including the presence of a unique disulfide-forming CxxxC motif in their N-terminal regions. OsFKBP16-3 was mainly expressed in rice leaf tissues and was upregulated by various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, high light, hydrogen peroxide, heat and methyl viologen. The chloroplast localization of OsFKBP16-3-GFP was confirmed through the transient expression of OsFKBP16-3 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Transgenic Arabidopsis and transgenic rice plants that constitutively expressed OsFKBP16-3 exhibited increased tolerance to salinity, drought and oxidative stresses, but showed no change in
Abiotic Stress Responses in Photosynthetic Organisms by Joseph Msanne"Abiotic Stress Responses in Photosynthetic Organisms" by Joseph Msanne
Cellular and molecular aspects of abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to cold, drought, and high salinity and in two photosynthetic green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Coccomyxa sp. C-169, subjected to nitrogen deprivation were investigated. Cold, drought, and high salinity can negatively affect plant growth and crop production. The first research aimed at determining the physiological functions of the stress-responsive Arabidopsis thaliana RD29A and RD29B genes. Cold, drought, and salt induced both genes; the promoter of RD29Awas found to be more responsive to drought and cold stresses, whereas the promoter of RD29B was highly responsive to salt stress. Therefore, RD29A and RD29B gene sequences have the potential to confer abiotic stress resistance in crop species grown in arid and semi-arid regions. RD29A and RD29B proteins were also found to unlikely serve directly as protective molecules. The second study aimed at investigating the impacts of nitrogen deprivation in
Isolation and Gene Expression Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants With Constitutive Expression of ATL2, an Early Elicitor...Isolation and Gene Expression Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants With Constitutive Expression of ATL2, an Early Elicitor...
Read "Isolation and Gene Expression Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants With Constitutive Expression of ATL2, an Early Elicitor-Response RING-H2 Zinc-Finger Gene, Genetics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Organ specificity in the circadian control of plant gene expression | Biochemical Society TransactionsOrgan specificity in the circadian control of plant gene expression | Biochemical Society Transactions
Of the many plant genes whose expressions are controlled by the circadian clock, one of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase genes in soya bean (Glycine max) exhibits the unusual property that its control is organ-specific - it is under circadian control in leaves but not in roots. Preliminary experiments suggest that the same is true for at least one gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. It will be important to define the extent and function of this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism.. ...
SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7 regulated microRNA408 is required for vegetative development in ArabidopsisSQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7 regulated microRNA408 is required for vegetative development in Arabidopsis
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs repressing target gene expression post-transcriptionally and are critically involved in various development processes and responses to environmental stresses. MiR408 is highly conserved in land plants and targets several transcripts encoding copper protei …
Frontiers | Arabidopsis PCaP2 plays an important role in chilling tolerance and ABA response by activating CBF- and SnRK2...Frontiers | Arabidopsis PCaP2 plays an important role in chilling tolerance and ABA response by activating CBF- and SnRK2...
Chilling stress affects plant growth and productivity. However, the multi-underlying mechanisms of chilling tolerance are not well understood. Arabidopsis PCaP2 is involved in regulating the dynamic of microtubules and F-actin and Ca2+-binding ability. Here, the results showed that the PCaP2 expression was highly induced in roots, cotyledons, true leaves, lateral roots and flowers under cold stress. Compared with the wild type, PCaP2-overexpressing plants displayed the enhanced tolerance, whereas its RNAi and mutant were more sensitive in seed germination, seedling and reproductive growth under chilling stress in Arabidopsis. In addition, PCaP2 was also a positive regulator of ABA signaling pathway by analyzing the expression of PCaP2 and the phenotypes of PCaP2-overexpressing, mutant and RNAi plants under ABA treatment. Interestingly, disruption of PCaP2 inhibited the expression of CBF1, -3 and CBF-target COR genes, while increased the CBF2 expression in response to cold or ABA. Moreover, we found that
Large-scale polymorphism of heterochromatic repeats in the DNA of Arabidopsis thaliana | BMC Plant Biology | Full TextLarge-scale polymorphism of heterochromatic repeats in the DNA of Arabidopsis thaliana | BMC Plant Biology | Full Text
The composition of the individual eukaryotes genome and its variation within a species remain poorly defined. Even for a sequenced genome such as that of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0, the large arrays of heterochromatic repeats are incompletely sequenced, with gaps of uncertain size persisting in them. Using geographically separate populations of A. thaliana, we assayed variation in the heterochromatic repeat arrays using two independent methods and identified significant polymorphism among them, with variation by as much as a factor of two in the centromeric 180 bp repeat, in the 45S rDNA arrays and in the Athila retroelements. In the accession with highest genome size as measured by flow cytometry, Loh-0, we found more than a two-fold increase in 5S RNA gene copies relative to Col-0; results from fluorescence in situ hybridization with 5S probes were consistent with the existence of size polymorphism between Loh-0 and Col-0 at the 5S loci. Comparative genomic hybridization
Implications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance | BMC Plant Biology | Full TextImplications of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in soybean drought stress tolerance | BMC Plant Biology | Full Text
Phytohormones are organic compounds that exist naturally in plants and that even in low concentrations, orchestrate a broad range of physiological processes, including growth and development, as well as responses to abiotic and biotic stresses [1]. These hormones overlap signal transduction pathways or gene expression profiles by rapid induction or by preventing the degradation of transcriptional regulators [2-5].. Among all of the described phytohormones, ethylene, a naturally occurring triple response growth regulator (shoot elongation, stem thickening and horizontal growth habit) in seedlings, has been studied since ancient times [6]. Ethylene is also involved in leaf abscission, fruit ripening and senescence [6, 7] as well as seed germination, growth of adventitious roots under flooding conditions, epinasty stimulation, inhibition of shoot growth and stomatal closing and flowering [8, 9]. Moreover, it is involved in a wide variety of stresses, including wounding, pathogen attack, flooding, ...
Signals from Chloroplasts Converge to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression - NASA/ADSSignals from Chloroplasts Converge to Regulate Nuclear Gene Expression - NASA/ADS
Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with chloroplast function and is essential for the photoautotrophic life-style of plants. Three retrograde signals have been described, but little is known of their signaling pathways. We show here that GUN1, a chloroplast-localized pentatricopeptide-repeat protein, and ABI4, an Apetala 2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, are common to all three pathways. ABI4 binds the promoter of a retrograde-regulated gene through a conserved motif found in close proximity to a light-regulatory element. We propose a model in which multiple indicators of aberrant plastid function in Arabidopsis are integrated upstream of GUN1 within plastids, which leads to ABI4-mediated repression of nuclear-encoded genes. |P /|
Patent US5925808 - Control of plant gene expression - Google PatentsPatent US5925808 - Control of plant gene expression - Google Patents
A method for making a genetically modified plant comprising regenerating a whole plant from a plant cell that has been transfected with DNA sequences comprising a first gene whose expression results in an altered plant phenotype linked to a transiently active promoter, the gene and promoter being separated by a blocking sequence flanked on either side by specific excision sequences, a second gene that encodes a recombinase specific for the specific excision sequences linked to a repressible promoter, and a third gene that encodes the repressor specific for the repressible promoter. Also a method for making a genetically modified hybrid plant by hybridizing a first plant regenerated from a plant cell that has been transfected with DNA sequences comprising a first gene whose expression results in an altered plant phenotype linked to a transiently active promoter, the gene and promoter being separated by a blocking sequence flanked on either side by specific excision sequences to a second plant regenerated
Entity page for ArabidopsisEntity page for Arabidopsis
Also known as: IN Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis., Arabidopsis At, Arabidopsis AS, Arabidopsis, Ara-bidopsis, ARABIDOPSIS In, ARABIDOPSIS ...
Agamous-like MADS-box protein elisa and antibodyAgamous-like MADS-box protein elisa and antibody
Shop Agamous-like MADS-box protein ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Agamous-like MADS-box protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
The next generation of training for arabidopsis researchers: Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology -ORCAThe next generation of training for arabidopsis researchers: Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology -ORCA
It has been more than 50 years since Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was first introduced as a model organism to understand basic processes in plant biology. A well-organized scientific community has used this small reference plant species to make numerous fundamental plant biology discoveries (Provart et al., 2016). Due to an extremely well-annotated genome and advances in high-throughput sequencing, our understanding of this organism and other plant species has become even more intricate and complex. Computational resources, including CyVerse,3 Araport,4 The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR),5 and BAR,6 have further facilitated novel findings with just the click of a mouse. As we move toward understanding biological systems, Arabidopsis researchers will need to use more quantitative and computational approaches to extract novel biological findings from these data. Here, we discuss guidelines, skill sets, and core competencies that should be considered when developing curricula or ...
Salicylic Acid and NPR1 Induce the Recruitment of Trans-Activating TGA Factors to a Defense Gene Promoter in Arabidopsis -...Salicylic Acid and NPR1 Induce the Recruitment of Trans-Activating TGA Factors to a Defense Gene Promoter in Arabidopsis -...
Efforts to elucidate the contributions by transcription factors to plant gene expression will require increasing knowledge of their specific in vivo regulatory associations. We are systematically investigating the role of individual TGA factors in the transcriptional control of pathogenesis-related …
Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble - Roles of LEAFY and its target genes in the regulation of floral meristem...Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble - Roles of LEAFY and its target genes in the regulation of floral meristem...
Plants have the capacity to continuously produce organs throughout their life because they maintain stem-cell containing structures called meristems. The formation of flowers is an essential step of the plants life-cycle. In order to ensure flower development a new meristem must be formed within the young flower bud. Various data across the literature indicate that the transcription factor LEAFY is involved flower meristem formation in addition to its role as a master regulator of flower identity ...
Controlling the Layout | Science SignalingControlling the Layout | Science Signaling
Successful adaptation and evolution of land plants relied on the acquisition of the stomatal complex, which allows efficient gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration while minimizing water loss. In the epidermis of higher plants, stomatal complexes differentiate nonrandomly from precursor cells through rounds of asymmetric division. Shpak et al. now find that three Arabidopsis ERECTA-family leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases, which are known to promote cell proliferation and organ growth, play overlapping but distinct roles to control stomatal patterning. The complexity of this signaling pathway illustrates how the interplay of moderate effects can lead to different outcomes in a developmental process. E. D. Shpak, J. M. McAbee, L. J. Pillitteri, K. U. Torii, Stomatal patterning and differentiation by synergistic interactions of receptor kinases. Science 309, 290-293 (2005). [Abstract] [Full Text]. ...
Summary of Research Project Results Under the JSPS FY2000 Research for the future ProgramSummary of Research Project Results Under the JSPS FY2000 "Research for the future Program"
The TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) gene of Arabidopsis serves a key function in the development of the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The specific expression of TFL1 transcripts in the subapical region of the SAM suggests that TFL1 functions non-cell-autonomously and that TFL1 function may involve cell-cell communication. We demonstrate that the TFL1 protein is transmitted from the subapical region to the epidermis, and suggest that this protein trafficking is regulated during the developmental phase of the SAM. Our results suggest that TFL1 protein trafficking gives rise to the interlayer signaling responsible for the coordination of the distinct layers of the meristem ...
How Does Light Intensity Affect Plant Growth Essay - What Is NATO For Essay,How Does Light Intensity Affect Plant Growth Essay - What Is NATO For Essay,
Assess through all of our Recent How does light intensity affect plant growth essay, What is NATO for Essay, for Student. At this point is actually your produced catalog for Precisely how actually mild power have an affect on place emergence article just for Undergraduate. You are generally always set to help guidance.
MYB3 protein (Arabidopsis thaliana) - STRING network viewMYB3 protein (Arabidopsis thaliana) - STRING network view
Pleiotropic regulatory locus 1; Pleiotropic regulator of glucose, stress and hormone responses. Also regulates cytochrome P450 CYP90A1/CPD. Coordinates the expression of hormone- and stress-related genes and genes related to cell wall modification and growth, leading to altered sugar-dependent growth and developmental responses. Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity. By suppressing the expression of several (1)O(2)- responsive genes, PRL1 seems to play a major role in mod [...] (486 aa ...
VARICOSE, a WD-domain protein, is required for leaf blade development | DevelopmentVARICOSE, a WD-domain protein, is required for leaf blade development | Development
Leaves are composed of a leaf blade, a broad flat structure that is specialized for photosynthesis, and a petiole, a stem-like structure that attaches the blade to the stem. A prominent feature of the leaf blade is its thick central midrib, which extends from the petiole and contains vascular tissues as well as enlarged supporting cells on the abaxial surface of the leaf. Surrounding the midrib is the lamina, which consists of patterned arrays of specialized cell types. Efforts in many labs to identify the molecules that are essential for normal leaf development are beginning to elucidate the pathways that are required for formation of a normal leaf, however, much information is still lacking.. Leaf primordia arise as radial pegs on the flank of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), and become flattened early in development, indicating acquisition of abaxial/adaxial polarity. These steps are rapidly followed by the outgrowth of the leaf blade and differentiation of specialized cell types (Pyke et ...
EctomycorrhizaEctomycorrhiza
MeiosisMeiosis
Leucocyanidin oxygenaseLeucocyanidin oxygenase
ExpansinExpansin
Homoserine dehydrogenaseHomoserine dehydrogenase
Noncoding DNANoncoding DNA
Jasmonic acidJasmonic acid
GibberellinGibberellin
GibberellinGibberellin
Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosa
Plant hormonePlant hormone
STARR-seqSTARR-seq
Debasis ChattopadhyayDebasis Chattopadhyay
CytokininCytokinin
WRKY transcription factorWRKY transcription factor
Akhilesh Kumar TyagiAkhilesh Kumar Tyagi
EpigenomicsEpigenomics
RNA silencingRNA silencing
RNA thermometerRNA thermometer
HeterochromatinHeterochromatin
HyperaccumulatorHyperaccumulator
History of RNA biologyHistory of RNA biology
Liz DennisLiz Dennis
Sudhir Kumar SoporySudhir Kumar Sopory
Nuclear geneNuclear gene
MicroRNAMicroRNA
GeneGene
ACS Medicinal Chemistry LettersACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
List of MeSH codes (G05)List of MeSH codes (G05)
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase
Chloroplast DNAChloroplast DNA
Caulobacter crescentusCaulobacter crescentus
Genetically modified tomatoGenetically modified tomato
Evolution of biological complexityEvolution of biological complexity
AndrogenAndrogen
Corn silkCorn silk
PleiotropyPleiotropy
Bioinformática, a enciclopedia libreBioinformática, a enciclopedia libre
RAD51RAD51
ArchaeaArchaea
Michael W. YoungMichael W. Young
TATA boxTATA box
HistoneHistone
Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring Harbor Laboratory
කොලෙස්ටරෝල් - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂයකොලෙස්ටරෝල් - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය
Cell biologyCell biology
RetrovirusRetrovirus
EmbryologyEmbryology
TranslationTranslation
Superoxide dismutaseSuperoxide dismutase
RNA worldRNA world
NeotenyNeoteny
ProteasomeProteasome
Innate immune systemInnate immune system
Vitamin CVitamin C
BergaptenBergapten
Rekayasa genetika bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasRekayasa genetika bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Vitamin CVitamin C
Plant virusPlant virus
RNA - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaRNA - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Gene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, PlantOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPlants, Genetically ModifiedMicroRNAsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGene ExpressionRNA, MessengerTranscription, GeneticPromoter Regions, GeneticBase SequenceRNA, UntranslatedTranscription FactorsPlant LeavesPlant ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataPlant RootsGenes, PlantComputational BiologyChromatinGenomeModels, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticBinding SitesGene Expression Regulation, ArchaealPlant ExtractsPlant ShootsGene Expression Regulation, FungalAlgorithmsArabidopsisNucleic Acid ConformationDNA, PlantPlants, MedicinalReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPlant DevelopmentPlants, ToxicTranscriptomePlant CellsSignal TransductionPlant StemsGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicGenome, PlantRNA StabilityCell LineGene Regulatory NetworksDNA-Binding ProteinsEvolution, MolecularDown-RegulationAmino Acid SequenceGene Expression Regulation, BacterialSequence Analysis, RNAUp-RegulationGene Expression Regulation, Viral3' Untranslated RegionsPlant StructuresPlant Growth RegulatorsPlants, EdibleEpigenesis, GeneticCells, Cultured5' Untranslated RegionsModels, BiologicalArabidopsis ProteinsAlternative SplicingCell Line, TumorConserved SequenceHistonesDNA MethylationTobaccoGene Expression Regulation, LeukemicPlant ImmunitySequence Analysis, DNASoftwareMutationCluster AnalysisPlant EpidermisPhenotypeGenes, ReporterDNA PrimersPhylogenyAngiospermsPlant StomataSeedsDNA, ComplementaryFlowersBlotting, NorthernMicroarray AnalysisPolymerase Chain ReactionLycopersicon esculentumRNATime FactorsTransfectionCell DifferentiationTranscriptional ActivationIn Situ HybridizationMultigene FamilyTrans-ActivatorsZea maysRepressor ProteinsPlant PoisoningPlant TranspirationSeedlingSpecies SpecificitySequence AlignmentChromosomes, PlantReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionNuclear ProteinsPlant TumorsCell NucleusGene SilencingProtein BindingPlant Components, AerialExpressed Sequence TagsMice, Inbred C57BLDNAOxylipinsPlasmidsBacterial ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsStress, PhysiologicalCyclopentanesLiverDatabases, GeneticPlant PreparationsPhotosynthesisOrgan SpecificitySymbiosisBlotting, WesternLuciferasesGenetic VectorsRNA InterferenceFabaceaeIndoleacetic AcidsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsGene LibraryHerbivoryTumor Cells, CulturedBiomassSalicylic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsReproducibility of ResultsPower PlantsGenomicsLightSolanum tuberosumRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidTransgenesImmunohistochemistryAbscisic AcidPlant NectarRNA, Small InterferingAdaptation, PhysiologicalRats, Sprague-DawleyEnhancer Elements, GeneticChromatin ImmunoprecipitationMice, TransgenicResponse ElementsPlant BarkGerminationCloning, MolecularMycorrhizaeSoilRoot Nodules, PlantRecombinant ProteinsChloroplastsChromosome MappingHost-Pathogen InteractionsNitrogenGerm Cells, PlantDroughtsPlant Physiological ProcessesCell ProliferationProtein BiosynthesisEcosystemBrassicaCarrier ProteinsTransformation, GeneticSaccharomyces cerevisiaePollenGenetic VariationHordeumNF-kappa BNucleic Acid HybridizationApoptosisMembrane ProteinsTriticumPlant LectinsMedicine, TraditionalHeLa CellsPhytotherapyPlant ExudatesProteinsSoybeansFibroblastsEscherichia coliPlant InfertilityGlucuronidaseGene DeletionDisease ResistancePoaceaeMice, Knockout
KAKEN - Research Projects | Elucidation of Plant RNAi mechanism and its application to gene regulation. (KAKENHI-PROJECT...KAKEN - Research Projects | Elucidation of Plant RNAi mechanism and its application to gene regulation. (KAKENHI-PROJECT...
Publikationen der Gruppe | Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePublikationen der Gruppe | Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie
A Movable Defense | The Scientist Magazine®A Movable Defense | The Scientist Magazine®
Alle Publikationen | Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologieAlle Publikationen | Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie
223 results in SearchWorks catalog223 results in SearchWorks catalog
Researchers have uncovered one way plants respond to hormonal cuesResearchers have uncovered one way plants respond to hormonal cues
SearchSearch
SearchSearch
SearchSearch
The flood-tolerant crops of the futureThe flood-tolerant crops of the future
Choose a Journal | ASM JournalsChoose a Journal | ASM Journals
Root developmental adaptation to phosphate starvation: better safe than sorryRoot developmental adaptation to phosphate starvation: better safe than sorry
Regulation of [beta]-Methylcrotonyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Activity by Biotinylation of the Apoenzyme | Plant PhysiologyRegulation of [beta]-Methylcrotonyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Activity by Biotinylation of the Apoenzyme | Plant Physiology
The expression of the tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon is linked to plant defense responsesThe expression of the tobacco Tnt1 retrotransposon is linked to plant defense responses
Journal: Theplant journal / Publication Year: 2018 / Source: 2018 v.96 no.2 / Subject: 4 selected - PubAg Search ResultsJournal: Theplant journal / Publication Year: 2018 / Source: 2018 v.96 no.2 / Subject: 4 selected - PubAg Search Results
CV HAL : Nathalie Leblanc-FournierCV HAL : Nathalie Leblanc-Fournier
Find Research outputs - Discovery - the University of Dundee Research PortalFind Research outputs - Discovery - the University of Dundee Research Portal
Author: Malagoli, M. / Journal: Environmental and experimental botany / Subject: binding proteins - PubAg Search ResultsAuthor: 'Malagoli, M.' / Journal: Environmental and experimental botany / Subject: binding proteins - PubAg Search Results
Genetic and developmental control of anthocyanin biosynthesisGenetic and developmental control of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Journal: Tree genetics & genomes / Source: 2016 v.12 no.4 / Subject: 4 selected / Text Availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg...Journal: Tree genetics & genomes / Source: 2016 v.12 no.4 / Subject: 4 selected / Text Availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg...
Search | CU Digital RepositorySearch | CU Digital Repository
Search | CU Digital RepositorySearch | CU Digital Repository
Susan Duncan -BIO-PROTOCOLSusan Duncan -BIO-PROTOCOL
Over-expression of miR158 causes pollen abortion in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis. - NextBio articleOver-expression of miR158 causes pollen abortion in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis. - NextBio article
Nitrate foraging by Arabidopsis roots is mediated by the transcription factor TCP20 through the systemic signaling pathway. -...Nitrate foraging by Arabidopsis roots is mediated by the transcription factor TCP20 through the systemic signaling pathway. -...
sg:pub.10.1007/s00299-017-2163-7 - Springer Nature SciGraphsg:pub.10.1007/s00299-017-2163-7 - Springer Nature SciGraph
Salma Balazadeh - Leiden UniversitySalma Balazadeh - Leiden University
Search Articles | University of Toronto LibrariesSearch Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
RT Journal ArticleRT Journal Article
Nanotechnology Conferences | Nanomaterials Conferences | Nanomedicine Conferences | Biomaterials Conferences | Material Science...Nanotechnology Conferences | Nanomaterials Conferences | Nanomedicine Conferences | Biomaterials Conferences | Material Science...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Gene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, PlantOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisPlants, Genetically ModifiedMicroRNAsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGene ExpressionRNA, MessengerTranscription, GeneticPromoter Regions, GeneticBase SequenceRNA, UntranslatedTranscription FactorsPlant LeavesPlant ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataPlant RootsGenes, PlantComputational BiologyChromatinGenomeModels, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticBinding SitesGene Expression Regulation, ArchaealPlant ExtractsPlant ShootsGene Expression Regulation, FungalAlgorithmsArabidopsisNucleic Acid ConformationDNA, PlantPlants, MedicinalReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionPlant DevelopmentPlants, ToxicTranscriptomePlant CellsSignal TransductionPlant StemsGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicGenome, PlantRNA StabilityCell LineGene Regulatory NetworksDNA-Binding ProteinsEvolution, MolecularDown-RegulationAmino Acid SequenceGene Expression Regulation, BacterialSequence Analysis, RNAUp-RegulationGene Expression Regulation, Viral3' Untranslated RegionsPlant StructuresPlant Growth RegulatorsPlants, EdibleEpigenesis, GeneticCells, Cultured5' Untranslated RegionsModels, BiologicalArabidopsis ProteinsAlternative SplicingCell Line, TumorConserved SequenceHistonesDNA MethylationTobaccoGene Expression Regulation, LeukemicPlant ImmunitySequence Analysis, DNASoftwareMutationCluster AnalysisPlant EpidermisPhenotypeGenes, ReporterDNA PrimersPhylogenyAngiospermsPlant StomataSeedsDNA, ComplementaryFlowersBlotting, NorthernMicroarray AnalysisPolymerase Chain ReactionLycopersicon esculentumRNATime FactorsTransfectionCell DifferentiationTranscriptional ActivationIn Situ HybridizationMultigene FamilyTrans-ActivatorsZea maysRepressor ProteinsPlant PoisoningPlant TranspirationSeedlingSpecies SpecificitySequence AlignmentChromosomes, PlantReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionNuclear ProteinsPlant TumorsCell NucleusGene SilencingProtein BindingPlant Components, AerialExpressed Sequence TagsMice, Inbred C57BLDNAOxylipinsPlasmidsBacterial ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsStress, PhysiologicalCyclopentanesLiverDatabases, GeneticPlant PreparationsPhotosynthesisOrgan SpecificitySymbiosisBlotting, WesternLuciferasesGenetic VectorsRNA InterferenceFabaceaeIndoleacetic AcidsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsGene LibraryHerbivoryTumor Cells, CulturedBiomassSalicylic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsReproducibility of ResultsPower PlantsGenomicsLightSolanum tuberosumRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidTransgenesImmunohistochemistryAbscisic AcidPlant NectarRNA, Small InterferingAdaptation, PhysiologicalRats, Sprague-DawleyEnhancer Elements, GeneticChromatin ImmunoprecipitationMice, TransgenicResponse ElementsPlant BarkGerminationCloning, MolecularMycorrhizaeSoilRoot Nodules, PlantRecombinant ProteinsChloroplastsChromosome MappingHost-Pathogen InteractionsNitrogenGerm Cells, PlantDroughtsPlant Physiological ProcessesCell ProliferationProtein BiosynthesisEcosystemBrassicaCarrier ProteinsTransformation, GeneticSaccharomyces cerevisiaePollenGenetic VariationHordeumNF-kappa BNucleic Acid HybridizationApoptosisMembrane ProteinsTriticumPlant LectinsMedicine, TraditionalHeLa CellsPhytotherapyPlant ExudatesProteinsSoybeansFibroblastsEscherichia coliPlant InfertilityGlucuronidaseGene DeletionDisease ResistancePoaceaeMice, Knockout
ArabidopsisGenomesPhysiologyMetabolismGeneticsTarget genesCandidate genesProteinsTranscriptional regulationBiosynthesisMolecularMRNADifferentially expressed genesDroughtSeed germinationChromatinTranscription FactorsPathwaysGeneticGenome-wideRegulatory2017RegulatorSpeciesDevelopmentalGenomicsEpigeneticProteinBiologyMechanismsPhenotypeMutantsGrowthTransgenicBrassicaIntronsResponsesDefense genesResistanceCropsAllelesQuantitativeBacterialResponsive genesCropTranslationalStudy of gene expressionDevelopmentGenomicAnalysisRepressionCircadianSenescenceSpecificityIdentificationPhysiolAbscisic acidPhysiologicalEukaryoticAbstractTissuesNucleotideMethodsTomatoProcessesSignificantlyPromoterInductionSignaling pathwayEvolutionary
Arabidopsis26
Genomes4
  • Viruses that pack genetic material into stable infectious particles can incorporate some or all of their genes into their hosts' genomes, allowing remnants of infection to remain even after the viruses themselves have moved on. (the-scientist.com)
  • On a smaller scale, naked genetic elements such as bacterial plasmids and transposons, or jumping genes, often shuttle around and between genomes. (the-scientist.com)
  • Investigators will develop research on sequencing of genomes, identification of molecular markers and genes associated with agronomic characteristics of interest, production and evaluation of transgenic sugar cane, breeding and characterization of new cultivars, basic research on biology, genetics, biochemistry, plant physiology, regulatory networks of sugar cane and other model plants that may contribute to the development of research on bioenergy or that have biofuel potential. (bioenfapesp.org)
  • NOVOMIR is a program that is used for the identification of miRNA genes in plant genomes. (biocodekb.com)
Physiology6
Metabolism9
Genetics1
  • Finding of miRNA genes either needs costly experimental approaches for example, genetics, which led to the detection of the first animal miRNAs cloning and sequencing of cDNA, or deep sequencing or computational prediction methods, which facilitate subsequent experimental verification or falsification. (biocodekb.com)
Target genes6
Candidate genes5
Proteins8
Transcriptional regulation4
Biosynthesis5
  • RNAi was applied to modulation of the metabolic gene concerning biosynthesis of petal color pigment in plant. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The gene of chalcone synthase, the key enzyme of anthocyanin biosynthesis, in trenia (Torenia hybrida) was targeted. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Functional analysis indicated that elevated levels, at harvest and during cold storage, of genes related to antioxidant systems and the biosynthesis of metabolites with antioxidant activity correlates with tolerance. (upv.es)
  • By contrast, cold storage induced, in sensitivity to woolliness dependant manner, a gene expression program involving the biosynthesis of secondary cell wall and pectins. (upv.es)
  • The work will be complemented by bioinformatic search for genes of AGP protein backbones and glycosyltransferases responsible for AGP biosynthesis (collaborations see below). (madland.science)
Molecular10
MRNA6
  • We saw changes in the level of mRNA NAD + capping occurring in different plant tissues and in different developmental stages," says Gregory, senior author on the paper and an associate professor in the School of Arts & Sciences' Department of Biology. (phys.org)
  • While teaching a class on RNA, Gregory had shared with his students a paper about a yeast version of the plant protein DX01, an enzyme now known to be responsible for removing NAD + from mRNA. (phys.org)
  • The researchers first confirmed that DX01 acted similarly in plants as in mammals, removing the NAD + from mRNA transcripts. (phys.org)
  • That's pretty neat becaue it looks like it's a strong regulator of RNA stability, so the plant can destabilize different sets of mRNA transcripts, depending on where this process is acting and what cue is being given. (phys.org)
  • The plant nucleolus and mRNA biogenesis. (hutton.ac.uk)
  • Gene expression is subject to extensive regulation, including transcription, mRNA degradation, translation and protein degradation, each of which operates on a different temporal regime [ 12 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentially expressed genes2
Drought12
  • The aim of my research is to u nderstand how plants respond to abiotic stresses such as drought and high temperature and find ways to improve the growth and productivity of plants/crops under stress conditions. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • During periods of drought, researchers have found the turnip mosaic virus can switch from a hindrance to a help, altering its host's circadian clock so the plant loses less water. (hortidaily.com)
  • This study explores the effects of drought stress in plant virus evolution. (hortidaily.com)
  • Drought-evolved viruses conferred a significantly higher drought tolerance to infected plants. (hortidaily.com)
  • Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. (edu.pl)
  • Whole-plant and leaf gas-exchange measurements showed reduced transpiration in the mrp5 mutant compared to control, concomitant with an approximately 20% increase in instantaneous water-use efficiency, and mrp5 mutants had reduced water loss from excised leaves and were less wilty than wild-type plants under drought conditions (Klein et al. (cepbus.com)
  • a genetic manipulation, is to reduce transpiration, then, under identical watering regimes, the mutant plant is actually experiencing less drought stress than the wild-type control plant. (cepbus.com)
  • Thus, these experiments illustrate the fact that plants employ a diversity of mechanisms to achieve drought tolerance, only some of which involve alterations in stomatal regulation. (cepbus.com)
  • Identifying genes that are involved in the plant response to drought stress will enable the development of new grape strains that are tolerant to drought. (iospress.com)
  • Objective: We cloned the VvibZIP14 gene from Vitis vinifera and analyzed its role in drought resistance. (iospress.com)
  • Transgenic plants showed improved resistance to drought stress and reduced electrolyte leakage compared to plants overexpressing empty vector, whereas chlorophyll content, photosystem II maximal photochemical efficiency, and net photosynthetic rate were higher. (iospress.com)
  • Catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were also increased in VvibZIP14- overexpressing plants subjected to drought stress. (iospress.com)
Seed germination2
Chromatin4
Transcription Factors5
Pathways9
Genetic12
  • We welcome papers on virion structure and assembly, viral genome replication and regulation of gene expression, genetic diversity and evolution, virus-cell interactions, cellular responses to infection, transformation and oncogenesis, gene delivery, viral pathogenesis and immunity, and vaccines and antiviral agents. (asm.org)
  • KEY MESSAGE: An anther-specific GRP gene, regulated by PhMYC2 , causes a significant reduction of male fertility when overexpressed in petunia, and its promoter is efficient in genetic engineering of male-sterile lines. (springernature.com)
  • We examined genetic interactions among three ABA response loci,ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5, by comparing phenotypes of mutants, ectopic expression lines, mutants carrying an ectopically expressed transgene, and the corresponding wild-type lines. (plantphysiol.org)
  • It has become evident that invasive intervention in genetic makeup and the transfer of isolated genes cannot be equated with natural mechanisms of heredity and gene regulation. (wordpress.com)
  • The basic difference between conventional cultivation and genetic engineering of plants is becoming more and more distinct in the light of current genome research. (wordpress.com)
  • They advocate more extensive testing on the compounds and genetic stability of GE plants before they are released into the field and companies can apply for market authorisation. (wordpress.com)
  • Their descriptions of gene pools define the limits to which plant breeders can exploit genetic diversity for cultivar development (Figure 1). (uga.edu)
  • The barley- Puccinia hordei (barley leaf rust) pathosystem is a model for investigating partial disease resistance in crop plants and genetic mapping of phenotypic resistance has identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for partial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 1,410 genes were identified as being significantly differentially expressed across the genome, of which 55 were accounted for by the genetic differences defined by QTL-NILs at Rphq 2 and Rphq 3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic redundancy resulting from whole genome duplication is thought to facilitate evolutionary change through sub- and neo-functionalization among paralogous gene pairs. (asadoresteatre.com)
  • Topics: Crops -- Genetic engineering -- Congresses, Plant genetic engineering -- Congresses, Plant genetic. (archive.org)
  • Plants of a given species will grow to a characteristic size, indicating an intrinsic and hence genetic control for organ size. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome-wide3
  • Sangiovese berries before and after thinning at veraison using a genome-wide microarray representing all grapevine genes listed in the latest V1 gene prediction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An Agilent custom microarray consisting of 15,000 probes derived from barley consensus EST sequences was used to investigate genome-wide and QTL-specific differential expression of genes 18 hours post-inoculation (hpi) with Puccinia hordei . (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed genome-wide expansion of the circadian expression phase among retained paralogous pairs. (asadoresteatre.com)
Regulatory10
20171
  • Leonelli S, Davey R, Arnaud E, Parry G , Bastow R (2017) Data management and best practice for plant science. (weebly.com)
Regulator4
Species8
  • The biological species is portioned into two categories, (A) subspecies composed of agronomically used lines, and (B) subspecies, which consists of weedy or wild relatives of subspecies A. The secondary gene pool (GP-2) refers to all biological species, which cross with a different combinable species. (uga.edu)
  • Furthermore, involvement of AGPs during embryogenesis and in plant-microbe interactions have been shown for many land plant species and implicates that AGPs might also play a role in evolution of these processes. (madland.science)
  • Despite their identification in hundreds of plant species, few miRNAs have been identified in the Asteraceae, a large family that comprises approximately one tenth of all flowering plants. (edu.au)
  • The findings of this study might ultimately help in the understanding of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in important crop species. (edu.au)
  • Since, azole and other current treatment of Candida infection often lead to proliferation of resistant Candida species, use of plant extract will be useful. (jktlab.org)
  • These species form a hybrid zone, yet remain morphologically and ecologically distinct, despite active gene exchange. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Maize is one of the most important crop species and serves also as a model plant for grass research. (bio-protocol.org)
  • If herbicides are in fact a key factor shaping agricultural plant diversity, one would expect to see the signal of past herbicide impacts in the current plant community composition of an intensively farmed region, with common, successful species more tolerant to widely used herbicides than rare or declining species. (storysteel.cf)
Developmental4
  • In a new paper in Developmental Cell , a research team led by Penn biologists Brian Gregory and Xiang Yu identified a mechanism by which plants can conduct this agile regulation of gene expression. (phys.org)
  • RNA-protein complexes play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression, by orchestrating the basic growth and maintenance of the cell as well as the complex developmental programs of multicellular eukaryotes. (edu.au)
  • Microscopic studies on resistance levels in relation to the pathogen developmental phases has indicated plant cell wall penetration and haustorium formation by P. hordei as critical phases determining the success or failure of the infection [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In seed plants, the PD networks are highly dynamic and undergo drastic functional and structural changes controlling developmental processes, metabolic acclimatisation and pathogen responses. (madland.science)
Genomics1
  • The Biomass Division will establish an integrated research and innovation network in sugar cane genomics, plant, insect and microorganism biochemistry, biotechnology and cultivar improvement. (bioenfapesp.org)
Epigenetic7
Protein5
Biology1
  • The Taproot is the podcast that digs beneath the surface to understand how scientific publications in plant biology are created. (plantae.org)
Mechanisms4
Phenotype2
Mutants3
  • Pursuing it, they found that the mutants had an abundance of small RNAs, molecules often associated with silencing the expression of other RNA molecules. (phys.org)
  • Comparison of transcript levels in mature seeds of ABA-insensitive, ABA-hypersensitive, ABA-deficient, or heterochronic mutants indicates that ABI4 expression is altered in only two of the backgrounds, the ABA-insensitive mutantsabi1-1 and abi3-1. (plantphysiol.org)
  • The fri mutation causes early flowering with reduced FLC expression similar to frl1, fes1, suf4 , and flx, which are mutants of FLC-specific regulators. (labome.org)
Growth19
  • Growth, photosynthetic activity, and potassium and sodium concentration in rice plants under salt stress. (mpg.de)
  • Plants with a mutation in the gene for an enzyme called DX01 (on right) were stunted in their growth compared to normal plants. (phys.org)
  • At that time, his lab grew plants with a DX01 mutation and found that their growth was stunted, their leaves were pale green, their development was delayed, and they had defects in fertility. (phys.org)
  • Plants lacking DX01 developed the problems Gregory had seen years earlier: stunted growth and development. (phys.org)
  • Strain Mechanosensing Quantitatively Controls Diameter Growth and PtaZFP2 Gene Expression in Poplar. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family is one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families in plants, which play crucial roles in plant growth and development. (usda.gov)
  • Water is one of the main limiting factors of plant growth. (cuni.cz)
  • Abiotic stresses reduce plant growth and crop productivity and, hence, are serious threats to agricultur e and, therefore, human well-being. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • To determine whetherABI4 is necessary and/or sufficient for ABA response, we assayed the effects of loss of ABI4 function and ectopicABI4 expression on growth and gene expression. (plantphysiol.org)
  • Plant Structure, Growth, and Development 36. (testbank.shop)
  • We also performed qRT-PCR analysis to investigate the differential expression pattern of five newly identified miRNAs during five different cotyledon growth stages in safflower. (edu.au)
  • This could help to guide future work into targeting genes to improve crop growth and stress resilience. (asadoresteatre.com)
  • In contrast to uniform control, non-uniform salinity treatment improved plant growth and water use, with more water absorbed from the non- and low salinity side. (qxmd.com)
  • Improved plant growth under non-uniform salinity was thus attributed to increased water use, reduced leaf Na(+) concentration, transport of excessive foliar Na(+) to the low salinity side, and enhanced Na(+) efflux from the low salinity root. (qxmd.com)
  • Overexpression of an H+-PPase gene from Thellungiella halophila in cotton enhances salt tolerance and improves growth and photosynthetic performance. (qxmd.com)
  • BB expression mirrors proliferative activity, yet the gene functions to limit proliferation, suggesting that it acts in an incoherent feedforward loop downstream of growth activators to prevent over-proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the highest levels of expression were detected in the early stages of organ growth with high mitotic activity, and BB expression appeared to decline in concert with the decrease in cell divisions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This somewhat counterintuitive expression pattern suggests that BB functions as an intrinsic growth brake in an incoherent feedforward loop [ 5 ] during organ growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • According to this idea, BB expression would be induced by (a) factor(s) that also activate(s) cell proliferation, yet it in turn would counteract this growth stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Transgenic2
Brassica1
Introns2
Responses4
Defense genes2
  • Furthermore, the Tnt1 U3 region, and especially the tandemly repeated BII boxes, contains several sequences similar to well-characterized motifs involved in the activation of several plant defense genes. (nih.gov)
  • Recent gain-of-function studies show that two tobacco MAPKs induce the expression of defense genes and cause cell death. (nih.gov)
Resistance6
Crops4
  • There is no reason why these results cannot be extrapolated to other plants and crops. (zmescience.com)
  • A better understanding of plant adaptation to low phosphate will open the way to increased phosphorus use efficiency by crops. (nih.gov)
  • Currently, plant breeders work to produce crops to feed the masses, or support the burdening need for fiber and fuel. (uga.edu)
  • Domestication of major crops included the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds. (ox.ac.uk)
Alleles2
  • Sexual recombination allows for alleles to be recombined in meiosis resulting in plants which can be selected with novel traits (Tracy, 2004). (uga.edu)
  • However, what does a plant breeder do if desired alleles are in distantly related plants? (uga.edu)
Quantitative4
  • Results: We identified quantitative differences in a subset of core cold responsive genes that correlated with sensitivity or tolerance to CI at harvest and during cold storage, and also subsets of genes correlating specifically with high sensitivity to woolliness and browning. (upv.es)
  • We applied quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm the expression of eight potential miRNAs in Carthamus tinctorius and Helianthus annuus. (edu.au)
  • Methods: Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. (iospress.com)
  • This work underlines the complexity involved in precise quantitative control of gene expression and lays the foundation for identifying important upstream regulators that determine BB expression levels and thus final organ size. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial1
  • Bogino P., Oliva M., Sorroche F., Giordano W. The role of bacterial biofilms and surface components in plant-bacterial associations. (biomicsj.ru)
Responsive genes1
Crop6
  • With the advent of new technologies in studies of plant transcriptomes and proteomes, now we have the tools necessary for fast and precise elucidation of desirable crop traits. (edu.pl)
  • In the tertiary gene pool (GP-3) although crosses are possible with the crop of interest, hybrids are lethal or completely sterile. (uga.edu)
  • The quaternary gene pool (GP-4) does not allow any transfer of DNA between the crop of interest or other organism by mating and sexual recombination. (uga.edu)
  • In this case the process of transgenesis must be used to insert a DNA sequence from any biological or synthetic source known as a transgeneinto the crop plant of interest. (uga.edu)
  • The DNA can be chimeric where different segments e.g. the promoter, gene of interest and terminator can be taken from any source and put together in a functional manner so that the DNA cassette is expressed once transferred into the genome of the crop of interest. (uga.edu)
  • multiflorum) and Corn (Zea mays) Competition Vijay K. Nandula US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Crop Production Systems Research Email: vijay Book titles include Edible Plants, Edible Perennials, Edible Trees, and Woodland Gardening. (iraqsh.com)
Translational3
Study of gene expression2
Development10
  • Transposons seem to have been pivotal contributors to the evolution of adaptive immunity both in vertebrates and in microbes, which were only recently discovered to actually have a form of adaptive immunity-namely, the CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated genes) system that has triggered the development of a new generation of genome-manipulation tools. (the-scientist.com)
  • This playlist can be used to teach the eukaryotic regulation of gene expression and its role in the development of plants and animals. (biointeractive.org)
  • Against the backdrop of various political discussions on the further development of testing standards in the EU, the authors make concrete suggestions on how testing systems can be improved to generate more data on the quality and safety of genetically engineered plants. (wordpress.com)
  • Parry G (2014) Components of the Nuclear Pore Complex play multiple roles in plant development. (weebly.com)
  • This included the enhanced modulation of genes that are normally regulated during berry development and the induction of a large set of genes that are not usually expressed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long since the development of agriculture, humankind has desired to tailor plants to their liking so that they may better meet their needs. (uga.edu)
  • Jasmonic acid distribution and action in plants: regulation during development and response to biotic and abiotic stress. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The invention of intercellular communication networks was a crucial step in plant evolution that enabled i) coordinated strategies to face the hazardous biotic and abiotic stresses occurring during the conquest of land and that allowed ii) the development of increasingly complex plant bodies with division of labour between spatially patterned, cooperative tissues and organs. (madland.science)
  • Therefore, methylome analysis is an increasingly valuable research tool with a range of applications, including studies on gene regulation, cell differentiation, embryogenesis, aging, occurrence and development of disease, phenotypic diversity and evolution in plants and animals. (novogene.com)
  • This chapter provides information on anatomy and morphology, photoperiod and temperature regulation of development, dormancy, cold hardiness, photosynthesis and carbon allocation patterns, water relations, and plant nutrition of strawberries. (cabi.org)
Genomic2
  • This dramatic increase in the number of LFY-responsive cells compared to whole plants suggested that the tissue culture system could greatly facilitate the analysis of LFY-dependent gene regulation by genomic approaches. (nus.edu.sg)
  • Available literature suggests that many genomic loci are epigenetically modified during reproductive phases of plant life cycle. (jktlab.org)
Analysis10
Repression1
Circadian1
Senescence1
  • Manipulation of a Senescence-Associated Gene Improves Fleshy Fruit Yield. (mpg.de)
Specificity1
Identification1
Physiol1
Abscisic acid2
Physiological3
Eukaryotic1
  • Activation of retrotransposons by stresses and external changes is common in all eukaryotic systems, including plants. (nih.gov)
Abstract1
Tissues2
Nucleotide1
  • Advances in massively parallel sequencing platforms and approaches to capture ribosomal position with nucleotide resolution, i.e. ribosome profiling [ 16 ], precisely capture gene expression at the level of translation. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods2
Tomato1
Processes1
  • Abscission consists in the detachment of entire vegetative and reproductive organs due to cell separation processes occurring at the abscission zones (AZs) at specific positions of the plant body. (ox.ac.uk)
Significantly1
Promoter3
  • Overall, these results suggest that PhGRP, which is a male fertility-related gene that expresses specifically in anthers, is regulated by PhMYC2 and whose promoter can be used as an effective tool in the creation of male-sterile lines. (springernature.com)
  • There was a strong negative correlation between expression and methylation for IGFBP2, ITGA11, ESR1, and EPHB6, all of which have DMRs downstream from their promoter. (novogene.com)
  • In this study, we describe our plasmid vectors and transient gene expression system, drawing on examples of (i) assigning function to a heme thiolate (TH)-P450 gene, (ii) identifying a transcription factor target promoter, and (iii) exploring the role of RNA processing in dsRNA hairpin-induced RNA silencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Induction1
  • Thus, the floral induction system is suitable for the detection of low abundance transcripts whose expression is controlled in an LFY-dependent manner. (nus.edu.sg)
Signaling pathway1
Evolutionary2
  • This evolutionary comparative approach will reveal how the evolution of cell division and branching enabled the formation of the land plants. (madland.science)
  • In addition, many tools take into account a phylogenetic conservation of the pre-miRNA structure and miRNA sequence, which limits the chance to detect non-conserved, evolutionary new miRNA genes. (biocodekb.com)

No images available that match "gene expression regulation plant"