Gene expression regulation neoplastic. Medical search

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

RNA which does not code for protein but has some enzymatic, structural or regulatory function. Although ribosomal RNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) and transfer RNA (RNA, TRANSFER) are also untranslated RNAs they are not included in this scope.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in archaea.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.

The extent to which an RNA molecule retains its structural integrity and resists degradation by RNASE, and base-catalyzed HYDROLYSIS, under changing in vivo or in vitro conditions.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in leukemia.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

The simultaneous analysis, on a microchip, of multiple samples or targets arranged in an array format.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

Genes that show rapid and transient expression in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral genes where immediate-early referred to transcription immediately following virus integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular genes which are expressed immediately after resting cells are stimulated by extracellular signals such as growth factors and neurotransmitters.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral regulatory proteins that were synthesized just after viral integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular proteins which are synthesized immediately after the resting cell is stimulated by extracellular signals.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The performance of dissections with the aid of a microscope.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

Post-transcriptional biological modification of messenger, transfer, or ribosomal RNAs or their precursors. It includes cleavage, methylation, thiolation, isopentenylation, pseudouridine formation, conformational changes, and association with ribosomal protein.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.

Deacetylases that remove N-acetyl groups from amino side chains of the amino acids of HISTONES. The enzyme family can be divided into at least three structurally-defined subclasses. Class I and class II deacetylases utilize a zinc-dependent mechanism. The sirtuin histone deacetylases belong to class III and are NAD-dependent enzymes.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Genes whose abnormal expression, or MUTATION are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Nucleotide sequences of a gene that are involved in the regulation of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (fos) originally isolated from the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses. The proto-oncogene protein c-fos codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in growth-related transcriptional control. The insertion of c-fos into FBJ-MSV or FBR-MSV induces osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The human c-fos gene is located at 14q21-31 on the long arm of chromosome 14.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.

Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Expression of Bcl-2 protein is decreased in colorectal adenocarcinomas with microsatellite instability. (1/29112)

Bcl-2 is known to inhibit apoptosis and is thought to play a role in colorectal tumour development. Studies of the promoter region of bcl-2 have indicated the presence of a p53 responsive element which downregulates bcl-2 expression. Since p53 is commonly mutated in colorectal cancers, but rarely in those tumours showing microsatellite instability (MSI), the aim of this study was to examine the relationship of bcl-2 protein expression to MSI, as well as to other clinicopathological and molecular variables, in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Expression of bcl-2 was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 71 colorectal cancers which had been previously assigned to three classes depending upon their levels of MSI. MSI-high tumours demonstrated instability in three or more of six microsatellite markers tested, MSI-low tumours in one or two of six, and MSI-null in none of six. Bcl-2 expression in tumours was quantified independently by two pathologists and assigned to one of five categories, with respect to the number of cells which showed positive staining: 0, up to 5%; 1, 6-25%; 2, 26-50%; 3, 51-75%; and 4, > or =76%. Bcl-2 negative tumours were defined as those with a score of 0. Bcl-2 protein expression was tested for association with clinicopathological stage, differentiation level, tumour site, age, sex, survival, evidence of p53 inactivation and MSI level. A significant association was found between bcl-2 expression and patient survival (P = 0.012, Gehan Wilcoxon test). Further, a significant reciprocal relationship was found between bcl-2 expression and the presence of MSI (P = 0.012, Wilcoxon rank sum test). We conclude that bcl-2 expressing colorectal cancers are more likely to be MSI-null, and to be associated with improved patient survival. (+info)

Growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Grb2 downregulation is correlated with inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, cells. (2/29112)

Increased breast cancer growth has been associated with increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Upon activation, RTKs may transmit their oncogenic signals by binding to the growth factor receptor bound protein-2 (Grb2), which in turn binds to SOS and activates the Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Grb2 is important for the transformation of fibroblasts by EGFR and ErbB2; however, whether Grb2 is also important for the proliferation of breast cancer cells expressing these RTKs is unclear. We have used liposomes to deliver nuclease-resistant antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) specific for the GRB2 mRNA to breast cancer cells. Grb2 protein downregulation could inhibit breast cancer cell growth; the degree of growth inhibition was dependent upon the activation and/or endogenous levels of the RTKs. Grb2 inhibition led to MAP kinase inactivation in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, breast cancer cells, suggesting that different pathways might be used by EGFR and ErbB2 to regulate breast cancer growth. (+info)

The cytoskeletal network controls c-Jun expression and glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity in an antagonistic and cell-type-specific manner. (3/29112)

The physical and functional link between adhesion molecules and the cytoskeletal network suggests that the cytoskeleton might mediate the transduction of cell-to-cell contact signals, which often regulate growth and differentiation in an antagonistic manner. Depolymerization of the cytoskeleton in confluent cell cultures is reportedly sufficient to initiate DNA synthesis. Here we show that depolymerization of the cytoskeleton is also sufficient to repress differentiation-specific gene expression. Glutamine synthetase is a glia-specific differentiation marker gene whose expression in the retinal tissue is regulated by glucocorticoids and is ultimately dependent on glia-neuron cell contacts. Depolymerization of the actin or microtubule network in cells of the intact retina mimics the effects of cell separation, repressing glutamine synthetase induction by a mechanism that involves induction of c-Jun and inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity. Depolymerization of the cytoskeleton activates JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and induces c-Jun expression by a signaling pathway that depends on tyrosine kinase activity. Induction of c-Jun expression is restricted to Muller glial cells, the only cells in the tissue that express glutamine synthetase and maintain the ability to proliferate upon cell separation. Our results suggest that the cytoskeletal network might play a part in the transduction of cell contact signals to the nucleus. (+info)

Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 by UV irradiation is inhibited by wortmannin without affecting c-iun expression. (4/29112)

Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs)/stress-activated protein kinases is an early response of cells upon exposure to DNA-damaging agents. JNK-mediated phosphorylation of c-Jun is currently understood to stimulate the transactivating potency of AP-1 (e.g., c-Jun/c-Fos; c-Jun/ATF-2), thereby increasing the expression of AP-1 target genes. Here we show that stimulation of JNK1 activity is not a general early response of cells exposed to genotoxic agents. Treatment of NIH 3T3 cells with UV light (UV-C) as well as with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) caused activation of JNK1 and an increase in c-Jun protein and AP-1 binding activity, whereas antineoplastic drugs such as mafosfamide, mitomycin C, N-hydroxyethyl-N-chloroethylnitrosourea, and treosulfan did not elicit this response. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin specifically blocked the UV-stimulated activation of JNK1 but did not affect UV-driven activation of extracellular regulated kinase 2 (ERK2). To investigate the significance of JNK1 for transactivation of c-jun, we analyzed the effect of UV irradiation on c-jun expression under conditions of wortmannin-mediated inhibition of UV-induced stimulation of JNK1. Neither the UV-induced increase in c-jun mRNA, c-Jun protein, and AP-1 binding nor the activation of the collagenase and c-jun promoters was affected by wortmannin. In contrast, the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98056, which blocked ERK2 but not JNK1 activation by UV irradiation, impaired UV-driven c-Jun protein induction and AP-1 binding. Based on the data, we suggest that JNK1 stimulation is not essential for transactivation of c-jun after UV exposure, whereas activation of ERK2 is required for UV-induced signaling leading to elevated c-jun expression. (+info)

Insertion of excised IgH switch sequences causes overexpression of cyclin D1 in a myeloma tumor cell. (5/29112)

Oncogenes are often dysregulated in B cell tumors as a result of a reciprocal translocation involving an immunoglobulin locus. The translocations are caused by errors in two developmentally regulated DNA recombination processes: V(D)J and IgH switch recombination. Both processes share the property of joining discontinuous sequences from one chromosome and releasing intervening sequences as circles that are lost from progeny cells. Here we show that these intervening sequences may instead insert in the genome and that during productive IgH mu-epsilon switch recombination in U266 myeloma tumor cells, a portion of the excised IgH switch intervening sequences containing the 3' alpha-1 enhancer has inserted on chromosome 11q13, resulting in overexpression of the adjacent cyclin D1 oncogene. (+info)

Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in mouse leydig tumor cells. Involvement of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. (6/29112)

Using a mouse Leydig tumor cell line, we explored the mechanisms involved in thyroid hormone-induced steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein gene expression, and steroidogenesis. Triiodothyronine (T3) induced a approximately 3.6-fold increase in the steady-state level of StAR mRNA which paralleled with those of the acute steroid response ( approximately 4.0-fold), as monitored by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay and progesterone production, respectively. The T3-stimulated progesterone production was effectively inhibited by actinomycin-D or cycloheximide, indicating the requirement of on-going mRNA and protein synthesis. T3 displayed the highest affinity of [125I]iodo-T3 binding and was most potent in stimulating StAR mRNA expression. In accordance, T3 significantly increased testosterone production in primary cultures of adult mouse Leydig cells. The T3 and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) effects on StAR expression were similar in magnitude and additive. Cells expressing steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) showed marginal elevation of StAR expression, but coordinately increased T3-induced StAR mRNA expression and progesterone levels. In contrast, overexpression of DAX-1 markedly diminished the SF-1 mRNA expression, and concomitantly abolished T3-mediated responses. Noteworthy, T3 augmented the SF-1 mRNA expression while inhibition of the latter by DAX-1 strongly impaired T3 action. Northern hybridization analysis revealed four StAR transcripts which increased 3-6-fold following T3 stimulation. These observations clearly identified a regulatory cascade of thyroid hormone-stimulated StAR expression and steroidogenesis that provides novel insight into the importance of a thyroid-gonadal connection in the hormonal control of Leydig cell steroidogenesis. (+info)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells is blocked by protein kinase C activation through inhibition of c-myc. (7/29112)

Apoptosis plays a major role in gastrointestinal epithelial cell turnover, ulcerogenesis and tumorigenesis. We have examined apoptosis induction by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human gastric (AGS) cancer cells and the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and apoptosis-related oncogenes. After treatment with aspirin or indomethacin, cell growth was quantified by MTT assay, and apoptosis was determined by acridine orange staining, DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein of p53, p21waf1/cip1 and c-myc was detected by Northern and Western blotting respectively. The influence of PKC on indomethacin-induced apoptosis was determined by co-incubation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The role of c-myc was determined using its antisense oligonucleotides. The results showed that both aspirin and indomethacin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of AGS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, without altering the cell cycle. Indomethacin increased c-myc mRNA and protein, whereas p53 and p21wafl/cip1 were unchanged. Down-regulation of c-myc by its antisense oligonucleotides reduced apoptosis induction by indomethacin. TPA could inhibit indomethacin-induced apoptosis and accumulate cells in G2/M. Overexpression of c-myc was inhibited by TPA and p21waf1/cip1 mRNA increased. In conclusion, NSAIDs induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells which may be mediated by up-regulation of c-myc proto-oncogene. PKC activation can abrogate the effects of NSAIDs by decreasing c-myc expression. (+info)

p53 status of newly established acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines. (8/29112)

We analysed the status of the p53 gene and protein in eight newly established acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cell lines representing blast cells of either de novo leukaemia patients in first remission or patients with relapsed and chemotherapy-resistant disease causing their death. There were no mutations in the p53 gene in any of the cell lines as analysed by single-strand conformation polymorphism of amplified exons 5-8. However, the p53 protein was clearly and consistently expressed in all of these cell lines, as shown by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and flow cytometry. The consistently expressed p53 protein was located in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of all the cell lines and, as shown by flow cytometry, it was mostly in a conformation typical of the mutated protein. These AML cell lines offer a tool for studying the production and function of the p53 protein and its possible role in cell cycle regulation and chemoresistance as well as in the regulation of apoptosis in AML. (+info)

Ota Y, Mariash A, Wagner JL, Mariash CN (1997). "Cloning, expression and regulation of the human S14 gene". Mol. Cell. ... a metabolic integrator in normal and neoplastic cells". Thyroid. 8 (9): 815-25. doi:10.1089/thy.1998.8.815. PMID 9777755. ... The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the gene product of S14, a rat gene whose expression is limited to liver and ... "Common prefrontal cortical gene expression profiles between adolescent SHR/NCrl and WKY/NCrl rats which showed inattention ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THRSP

... gene expression regulation, fungal MeSH G05.315.370 - gene expression regulation, neoplastic MeSH G05.315.370.500 - gene ... gene expression regulation, plant MeSH G05.315.385 - gene expression regulation, viral MeSH G05.315.410 - gene silencing MeSH ... gene amplification MeSH G05.315.290 - gene expression regulation, archaeal MeSH G05.315.300 - gene expression regulation, ... gene expression regulation, developmental MeSH G05.315.320 - gene expression regulation, enzymologic MeSH G05.315.320.200 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(G05)

Down regulation of the PAX gene expression inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. This could be a possible avenue for ... Expression of PAX8 is increased in neoplastic renal tissues, Wilms tumors, ovarian cancer and Müllerian carcinomas. For this ... Paired box gene 8, also known as PAX8, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX8 gene. This gene is a member of the ... "Entrez Gene: PAX8 paired box gene 8". "PAX8 gene". Genetics Home Reference. 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2016-04-05. Laury AR, Perets ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

Wilson PM, Fazzone W, LaBonte MJ, Lenz HJ, Ladner RD (Jan 2009). "Regulation of human dUTPase gene expression and p53-mediated ... "dUTP nucleotidohydrolase isoform expression in normal and neoplastic tissues: association with survival and response to 5- ... Notably, DUT expression is regulated by the tumor suppressor gene p53 in order to promote apoptosis of tumor cells.. Abnormal ... DUTP pyrophosphatase, also known as DUT, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DUT gene on chromosome 15. This gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DUT_(gene)

Lindsten T, June CH, Thompson CB, Leiden JM (1989). "Regulation of 4F2 heavy-chain gene expression during normal human T-cell ... a type II membrane glycoprotein involved in normal and neoplastic cell growth". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (18): 6526-30 ... 4F2hc/CD98 heavy subunit protein encoded by the SLC3A2 gene (this gene) CD98 light subunit protein encoded by the SLC7A5 gene ... "Isolation and structural characterization of the human 4F2 heavy-chain gene, an inducible gene involved in T-lymphocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4F2_cell-surface_antigen_heavy_chain

Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in several neurological, neoplastic, and ... regulation of cell shape. • positive regulation of apoptotic process. • learning or memory. • positive regulation of I-kappaB ... Peña LA, Brecher CW, Marshak DR (1997). "beta-Amyloid regulates gene expression of glial trophic substance S100 beta in C6 ... S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21; however, this gene is located at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100B

Down regulation of the PAX gene expression inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. This could be a possible avenue for ... Expression of PAX8 is increased in neoplastic renal tissues, Wilms tumors, ovarian cancer and Müllerian carcinomas. For this ... it is possible that it regulates expression of genes other than thyroid-specific. Several known tumor suppressor genes like ... Paired box gene 8, also known as PAX8, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PAX8 gene.[5] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

2004) „Oxygen-dependent and tissue-specific regulation of erythropoietin gene expression". American Journal of Physiology. ... 2012) „The effect of erythropoietin on normal and neoplastic cells". Biologics 6, 163-89. o. DOI:10.2147/BTT.S32281. PMID ... Goldwasser, Eugene. A Bloody Long Journey: Erythropoietin and the Person Who Isolated It. Xlibris (2011. november 24.). ISBN ...

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritropoetin

"Global Analysis of Mouse Polyomavirus Infection Reveals Dynamic Regulation of Viral and Host Gene Expression and Promiscuous ... In MPyV, MTag is an efficient oncoprotein that can be sufficient to induce neoplastic transformation in some cells. The genes ... MTag plays a role in viral DNA replication and in the transition from early to late gene expression, and its absence can cause ... The LTag gene is usually encoded in two exons, of which the first overlaps with the genes for STag and MTag. The result of this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_tumor_antigen

Zhang, Y; Guo, J; Li, D; Xiao, B; Miao, Y; Jiang, Z; Zhuo, H (September 2010). "Down-regulation of miR-31 expression in gastric ... "Dynamic changes in the expression of MicroRNA-31 during inflammatory bowel disease-associated neoplastic transformation". ... It has been shown to affect the levels of gene transcription factor p53, responsible for encoding the tumour suppressor protein ... Interestingly, however, high expression levels of miR-31 correlate to shorter survival in patients with malignant pleural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-31

Epigenetics is the study of the regulation of gene expression through chemical, non-mutational changes in DNA structure. The ... These early neoplastic changes must be distinguished from hyperplasia, a reversible increase in cell division caused by an ... In either case, expression of these genes promotes the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Tumor suppressor genes are genes ... reduced or absent expression of DNA repair genes is due to epigenetic alterations that reduce or silence gene expression. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis

"Gastrin gene expression in human pancreatic and colon cancers". Gastroenterology. 108 (4): A1246. April 1995. doi:10.1016/0016- ... 2005: Ras and ß-catenin/Tcf4 pathways induce synergistic activation of the GAST gene, contributing to possible neoplastic ... 2003: hPG80 is involved in the dissociation regulation of adherent and tight junctions. Src mediates the effects of hPG80 on ... Singh, P.; Owlia, A.; Varro, A.; Dai, B.; Rajaraman, S.; Wood, T. (1996-09-15). "Gastrin gene expression is required for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPG80

Tarun AS, Bryant B, Zhai W, Solomon C, Shusterman D (2004). "Gene expression for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in human nasal ... "Expression of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in normal and neoplastic ... Ivanov SV, Kuzmin I, Wei MH, Pack S, Geil L, Johnson BE, Stanbridge EJ, Lerman MI (1998). "Down-regulation of transmembrane ... expression, and chromosomal localization of a carbonic anhydrase gene that is overexpressed in some renal cell cancers". Proc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA12

Its expression is seen in the neural tube much later than other ID genes. ID4 was also shown to be involved in the regulation ... the ID4 gene has been shown to be expressed in the neoplastic astrocytes but not expressed in the neoplastic oligodendrocytes. ... the family of ID genes are seen to be significantly increased in expression. The ID4 gene is also known as DNA-binding protein ... The ID4 gene is part of the ID gene family. This family is also known as inhibitors of DNA binding protein family and are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID4

"Gene expression of the human prostaglandin E receptor EP4 subtype: differential regulation in monocytoid and lymphoid lineage ... a possible autocrine/paracrine regulation of neoplastic cell function via EP2/EP4 receptors". The Journal of Clinical ... Activation of ERK induces expression of EGR1, a transcription factor which controls transcription of genes involved in cellular ... Activated CREB stimulates the expression of genes such as c-fos, somatostatin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP4_receptor

SART1 is known to play a role in mRNA splicing and appears to play a role in hypoxia-induced regulation of EPO gene expression ... Expression of ETS1was increased in cancer tissues as compared with the expression in corresponding non-neoplastic tissues. ... which appears to play a role in hypoxia-induced regulation of EPO gene expression. C1orf198 has been found to be associated ... Wang Z, Chen G, Wang Q, Lu W, Xu M (September 2017). "Identification and validation of a prognostic 9-genes expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1orf198

Schlegel J, Güneysu S, Mennel HD (2002). "Expression of the genes of methyl-binding domain proteins in human gliomas". Oncol. ... A majority of histologically normal fields surrounding the neoplastic growths also show reduced MBD4 mRNA expression (a field ... A mutational deficiency in MBD4 causes down-regulation, at the protein level, of MMR proteins Mlh1, Msh2, Pms2, and Msh6 by 5.8 ... Mutations in the MBD4 gene (especially expansions/deletions in the polyadenine regions of the MBD4 gene) increase the genomic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MBD4

Ellmeier W, Aguzzi A, Kleiner E, Kurzbauer R, Weith A (Aug 1992). "Mutually exclusive expression of a helix-loop-helix gene and ... Deed RW, Hara E, Atherton GT, Peters G, Norton JD (1997). "Regulation of Id3 cell cycle function by Cdk-2-dependent ... helix transcription factors Id1 and Id3 have a functional role in control of cell division in human normal and neoplastic ... Deed RW, Jasiok M, Norton JD (1998). "Lymphoid-specific expression of the Id3 gene in hematopoietic cells. Selective antagonism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3_(gene)

"Negative and positive regulation of gene expression by mouse histone deacetylase 1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 26 (21): ... "Histone deacetylase inhibitors as anti-neoplastic agents". Cancer Letters. 280 (2): 192-200. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.013. ... ko05220 Histone acetylation plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Hyperacetylated chromatin is ... The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate has been shown in mice to increase gene expression of FOXO3a by histone deacetylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_deacetylase

"Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic ... molecular characterization and regulation of expression". Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 125 (1): 1-6. doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1042. ... FMO4 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in Human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from ... "Quantification and cellular localization of expression in human skin of genes encoding flavin-containing monooxygenases and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMO4

Bamba N, Chano T, Taga T, Ohta S, Takeuchi Y, Okabe H (Oct 2004). "Expression and regulation of RB1CC1 in developing murine and ... "RB1CC1 suppresses cell cycle progression through RB1 expression in human neoplastic cells". International Journal of Molecular ... "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) ... characterization and mapping of the mouse and human RB1CC1 genes". Gene. 291 (1-2): 29-34. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00585-1. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RB1CC1

"Comparative assessment expression of the inhibitor of growth 1 gene (ING1) in normal and neoplastic tissues". Hybridoma and ... "Role of the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex in growth regulation by the candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1)". Molecular and ... Reduced expression and rearrangement of this gene have been detected in various cancers. Multiple alternatively spliced ... Inhibitor of growth protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ING1 gene. This gene encodes a tumor suppressor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ING1

The Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics conducts research on B lymphocytes focusing on the regulation of gene expression and ... The Dermatology Branch investigates fundamental and clinical aspects of neoplastic and inflammatory skin disease as well as ... A major focus is the study of receptor-mediated signal transduction and how these processes link to the regulation of genes ... The Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Arthritis_and_Musculoskeletal_and_Skin_Diseases

The gene, CDC7, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle because of the gene product Cdc7 kinase. The protein is expressed ... Overexpression of this gene product may be associated with neoplastic transformation for some tumors. Additional transcript ... There are several ways its expression can be altered that leads to problems. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Cdc7 is ... The Cdc7 kinase is involved in regulation of the cell cycle at the point of chromosomal DNA replication. The gene CDC7 appears ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division_cycle_7-related_protein_kinase

positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway. • positive regulation of gene expression. • cellular response to lipoteichoic ... "Gene expression changes in progression of cervical neoplasia revealed by microarray analysis of cervical neoplastic ... positive regulation of interleukin-8 production. • positive regulation of interleukin-6 production. • positive regulation of ... TLR2 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in Human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLR2

Recent studies revealed its ability to modulate expression of a large number of human genes, generally reversing gene ... GHK-Cu also increased synthesis of decorin - a small proteoglycan involved in the regulation of collagen synthesis, wound ... "Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver". Nature New ... The gene expression signature associated with emphysema severity included 127 genes, involved in inflammation and repair. Using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_peptide_GHK-Cu

Gene Structure and Expression. 1446 (3): 213-24. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00090-1. PMID 10524196. Bühring HJ, Seiffert M, ... the measurement of CD203c up-regulation is as reliable as CD63 expression in the diagnosis of cat allergy". Journal of ... in inflammatory and neoplastic bile duct diseases". Cancer Letters. 207 (2): 139-47. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2003.11.002. PMID ... Expression of the related rat mRNA has been found in a subset of immature glial cells and in the alimentary tract. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENPP3

"Uroplakin gene expression by normal and neoplastic human urothelium". Am J Pathol. 153 (6): 1957-67. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10) ... The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and ... Yuasa T, Yoshiki T, Isono T, Tanaka T, Hayashida H, Okada Y (Sep 1999). "Expression of transitional cell-specific genes, ... Uroplakin-1a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UPK1A gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPK1A

"Retinol-regulated gene expression in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Enhanced expression of elongation factor EF-1 ... These effects may be attributed to the resulting down-regulation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. ... combined with altered levels of eEF1A-derived bacterial peptides in neoplastic disease, may lead to autoimmunity in breast ... Zheng C, Baum BJ (2014). "All human EF1α promoters are not equal: markedly affect gene expression in constructs from different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_translation_elongation_factor_1_alpha_1

2007). "Expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) in normal and neoplastic lung tissues". Hum. Pathol. 38 (1): 171-8. doi:10.1016/j. ... 2006). "Aquaporin 3 expression in human fetal membranes and its up-regulation by cyclic adenosine monophosphate in amnion ... Aquaporin 3 is the protein product of the human AQP3 gene. It is found in the basolateral cell membrane of principal collecting ... Lee TC, Ho IC, Lu WJ, Huang JD (2006). "Enhanced expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and reduced expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin_3

"Negative regulation of BRCA1 gene expression by HMGA1 proteins accounts for the reduced BRCA1 protein levels in sporadic breast ... Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a ... Oncogenes are genes that promote cell growth and reproduction. Tumor suppressor genes are genes that inhibit cell division and ... caused by inappropriate expression of proteins such as HMGA2 or HMGA1).[79] Each of these alterations regulates gene expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_neoplasms

The ABCG2 gene was discovered in cell lines selected for high level resistance for mitoxantrone and no expression of ABCB1 or ... Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms as well as neoplastic cells are often found to be resistant to drugs. MDR is ... Other than functioning in transport, some bacterial ABC proteins are also involved in the regulation of several physiological ... High level expression of the genes encoding some of these exporters in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP-binding_cassette_transporter

Carrel L, Willard HF (March 2005). "X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females ... July 2014). "The leiomyomatous stroma in renal cell carcinomas is polyclonal and not part of the neoplastic process". Virchows ... "X chromosome regulation: diverse patterns in development, tissues and disease". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 15 (6): 367-78. doi ... in females that are heterozygous at the involved gene or genes than in females that are homozygous at that gene or those genes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-chromosome_inactivation

... and ultimately activation of the homeobox gene CDX2, which is responsible for the expression of intestinal enzymes such as ... This results in the eventual up-regulation of the p50 subunit of protein complex NF-κB (NFKB1), ... "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of neoplastic progression in Barrett's oesophagus: a prospective study". Lancet ... This factor combined with two different immunohistochemical expression of p53, Her2 and p16 leads to two different genetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett's_esophagitis

... such as the heat shock genes. This additional hierarchy of regulation that exempts individual genes from the generalised ... Li J, Witte DP, Van Dyke T, Askew DS (April 1997). "Expression of the putative proto-oncogene His-1 in normal and neoplastic ... July 2008). "Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta- ... A recent study observed an inverse expression profile of the p15 gene and an antisense ncRNA in leukaemia. A detailed analysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_non-coding_RNA

1988). «Expression of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene in neoplastic tissues.». FEBS Lett. 225 (1-2): 113-9. PMID ... negative regulation of endopeptidase activity. Sources: Amigo / QuickGO. Padrões de expressão do ARN. ... Este artigo sobre genes no cromossoma 5 é um esboço. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia expandindo-o. v • e ... Ontologia do gene. Função molecular. •endopeptidase inhibitor activity. •serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. •protein ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPINK1

... responses where the hormones acting through their receptors activate gene transcription resulting in increased expression of ... Hormones are used to communicate between organs and tissues for physiological regulation and behavioral activities, such as ... Hyperfunction can occur as a result of hypersecretion, loss of suppression, hyperplastic or neoplastic change, or ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_hormones

Cannabidiol as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells, doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-07-0371 ... Matthew A. Pimentel, Ming G. Chai, Caroline P. Le, Steven W. Cole, and Erica K. Sloan., Sympathetic Nervous System Regulation ... S. V. Machotka, E. R. Jacobson, Selected Aspects of Neoplastic Progression in Reptiles, Comparative Aspects of Tumor ... Expression of fibronectin and its cell surface receptors. Lühikokkuvõte., Am Rev Respir Dis. september 1991;144(3 Pt 2):S25-8 ...

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastaas

... the GR dimerizes and binds to specific sequences of DNA and thereby upregulates the expression of GR responsive genes. Hsp90 is ... Picard D (October 2002). "Heat-shock protein 90, a chaperone for folding and regulation". Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59 (10): 1640-8 ... in signal transduction and neoplastic transformation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8312-20. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109200200. PMID ... However, gene-encoding Hsp90N was later proven to be non-existent in human genome. It is possibly a cloning artifact or a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hsp90

Brain Gene Expression Analyses in Social Insects". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 74: 419-426. doi: ... Fletcher, D.; Ross K. (1985). "Regulation of Reproduction in Eusocial Hymenoptera". Annual Review of Entomology. 30: 319-343. ... neoplastic outgrowths) induced on plants; ambrosia beetles and some termites nest together in dead wood; and snapping shrimp ... "Differential gene expression and protein abundance evince ontogenetic bias toward castes in a primitively eusocial wasp". PLOS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eusociality

"Function and regulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I". Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30 (6): 489-513. doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v30 ... locus encodes novel endoplasmic reticulum and helicase-like proteins that are preferentially expressed in normal and neoplastic ... More reference expression data. Gene ontology. Molecular function. • DNA binding. • nucleotide binding. • helicase activity. • ... positive regulation of MDA-5 signaling pathway. • positive regulation of type I interferon production. • negative regulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGP2

... which regulate the gene expression. Most of the induced DSBs are repaired within 24h after exposure, however, 25% of the ... If the hormesis model turns out to be accurate, it is conceivable that current regulations based on the LNT model will prevent ... The neoplastic transformation can be divided into three major independent stages: morphological changes to the cell, ... this direct and indirect damage will eventually impact chromosomes and epigenetic factors that control the expression of genes ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-induced_cancer

... and p27Kip1 expression in nontumorous and neoplastic human pituitaries". The American Journal of Pathology. 151 (2): 509-19. ... regulation of receptor activity. • positive regulation of cell proliferation. • negative regulation of cell proliferation. • ... and tumor suppressor gene expression in vulvar squamous carcinoma: correlation with prominent fibromyxoid stromal response". ... positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. • positive regulation of stress fiber assembly. • regulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGFB3

Long terminal repeats are at the ends of the DNA strands and regulates viral gene expression. The viral DNA is then ... Generally, tumor viruses cause little or no disease after infection in their hosts, or cause non-neoplastic diseases such as ... The viral promoter or other transcription regulation elements in turn cause overexpression of that proto-oncogene, which in ... "Involvement of intact HPV16 E6/E7 gene expression in head and neck cancers with unaltered p53 status and perturbed pRb cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_viruses

Glass C, Fuchs E (Oct 1988). "Isolation, sequence, and differential expression of a human K7 gene in simple epithelial cells". ... down-regulation of NPM-ALK expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in ALK(+) CD30(+) lymphoma cells by the Hsp90 antagonist 17- ... Because the keratin-7 antigen is found in both healthy and neoplastic cells, antibodies to CK7 can be used in ... The genes encoding the type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. Alternative splicing may result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_7

Carrel L, Willard H (2005). "X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females". ... X-inactivation as a possible cause for autoimmunity Review Article Goto T, Monk M (1 June 1998). "Regulation of X-Chromosome ... 2014). "The leiomyomatous stroma in renal cell carcinomas is polyclonal and not part of the neoplastic process". Virchows Arch ... in females that are heterozygous at the involved gene or genes than in females that are homozygous at that gene or those genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-inactivation

The transcription factor LaeA regulates the expression of several genes involved in secondary metabolite production in ... Transcriptional regulation of gliotoxin[edit]. LaeA and GliZ are transcription factors known to regulate the production of ... which include patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune or neoplastic disease, organ transplant recipients, ... Targeted mutation of the ftrA gene did not induce a decrease in virulence in the murine model of A. fumigatus invasion. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_fumigatus

... recent research has been focused on the role of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in AK formation.[24] This tumor suppressor gene, ... Other molecular markers that have been associated with the development of AK include the expression of p16ink4, the CD95 ligand ... resulting in a proliferation of mutated keratinocytes that can manifest as AKs or other neoplastic growths.[8] With years of ... Imiquimod stimulates the immune system through the release and up-regulation of cytokines.[44] Treatment with Imiquimod cream ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinic_keratosis

"Increased CDX2 and decreased PITX1 homeobox gene expression in Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma". ... negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. • branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. • positive regulation of ... in human non-neoplastic pituitaries and pituitary adenomas". Modern Pathology. 13 (10): 1097-108. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880204 ... This article on a gene on human chromosome 5 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PITX1

"Papillomavirus genome structure, expression, and post-transcriptional regulation". Frontiers in Bioscience. 11: 2286-2302. doi ... "early genes" carried by the HPV virus, such as genes E6 and E7, act as oncogenes that promote tumor growth and malignant ... bronchial brushing and neoplastic lung tissue of cases, and found a presence of an HPV infection in 16.4% of the subjects ... In the upper layers of the host epithelium, the late genes L1 and L2 are transcribed/translated and serve as structural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus

... or slower changes in the expression of target genes. Amino acid-based hormones (amines and peptide or protein hormones) are ... Hormones are used to communicate between organs and tissues for physiological regulation and behavioral activities, such as ... Hyperfunction can occur as a result of hypersecretion, loss of suppression, hyperplastic or neoplastic change, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Endocrine_System

... analyzing the same neoplastic disease reached contradictory conclusions regarding the correlation between CD44 expression and ... positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation. • cartilage development. • cell adhesion. • negative regulation of DNA ... Gene ontology. Molecular function. • collagen binding. • protein binding. • hyaluronic acid binding. • cytokine receptor ... positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. • positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation. • cell-matrix ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD44

Browsing by Subject "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. ... subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and demonstrates high-risk gene expression signatures: a report from The International ... based on gene expression signatures. In this study, ... ... Polymorphisms in the kinesin-like factor 1 B gene and risk of ... The kinesin-like factor 1 B (KIF1B) gene plays an important role in the process of apoptosis and the transformation and ...

https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/browse?rpp=20&offset=20&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=subject&value=Gene+Expression+Regulation%2C+Neoplastic&order=ASC

SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC DISEASE. [email protected] Repository. ... REGULATION OF FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AND GENE EXPRESSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR OCULAR SURFACE FIBROSIS, SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY AND ... LAN WANWEN (2015-08-14). REGULATION OF FIBROBLAST PROLIFERATION AND GENE EXPRESSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR OCULAR SURFACE FIBROSIS, ... I validated expression levels of 24 lincRNAs found to be dysregulated in pterygium and showed that some of these have impacts ...

http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/125237

"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic" by people in this website by year, and whether "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ... Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. *Regulation, Gene Expression, Neoplastic ... "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/35176

Browsing by Subject "Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic". 0-9. Α. Β. Γ. Δ. Ε. Ζ. Η. Θ. Ι. Κ. Λ. Μ. Ν. Ξ. Ο. Π. Ρ. Σ. Τ. Υ. ...

https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/browse?type=subject&value=Gene%20Expression%20Regulation,%20Neoplastic

A significant increase in p65 NFkappaB mRNA and protein expression, compared to normal thyroid cultures or tissue, was found in ... Down-Regulation / drug effects * Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic * Genes, myc * Humans * NF-kappa B / biosynthesis ... Expression of the Neoplastic Phenotype by Human Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines Requires NFkappaB p65 Protein Expression Oncogene ... since treatment with antisense oligonucleotides for p65 gene interfered negatively with c-myc gene expression. Our results ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9365245/?dopt=Abstract

... represent an important class of small regulatory RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally by targeting mRNAs for ... nervous system is strongly linked to the expression of miR-137 and its regulation of a large number of downstream target genes ... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important class of small regulatory RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally by ... MiR-137: an important player in neural development and neoplastic transformation Mol Psychiatry. 2017 Jan;22(1):44-55. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27620842/?dopt=Abstract

Neoplastic Cell Transformation. *Nerve Tissue Proteins. *Cancer Gene Expression Regulation. *Repressor Proteins ... regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter - regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent - regulation of Wnt ... and decreased mRNA expression of cell cycle genes. Knockdown of ATF-3 expression in MDA-MB231 cells also decreased cell ... METHODS: Gene expression profiling for p70S6k and Gli1 was performed with BTC cell lines. Tumour and pathway inhibitory effects ...

http://www.cancerindex.org/geneweb/TCF7L1.htm

We have studied the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase receptor (uPAR) together with the ... Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Humans. Immunoenzyme Techniques. Immunohistochemistry. Laminin / analysis*, immunology ... uPAR-positive neoplastic cell islands located at the front of the lesions were seen in 15 of the 20 cases. The expression ... Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, urokinase receptor and laminin gamma-2 chain is an early coordinated event in ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Expression-plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1/16395714.html

Gene Expression Regulation*. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*. Humans. Keratinocytes / cytology*. Keratins / metabolism* ... Previous Document: Isolation and expression of a Malassezia globosa lipase gene, LIP1.. Next Document: Systemic anti-TNFalpha ... 17949239 - Expression of new prognostic markers, peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor and carbo.... 19885609 - Topoisomerase ... Compared with the control line, Nox1 lines showed greater expression of Nox1, Rac1, p47phox, p67phox, NOXO1, and NOXA1 with ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Nox1-induces-differentiation-resistance-in/17460729.html

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. 1. 2012. 8442. 0.010. Why? DNA. 1. 2010. 7435. 0.010. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/184153/network/researchareas/details

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. 1. 2015. 8380. 0.010. Why? Gene Deletion. 1. 2007. 2921. 0.010. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/94966/network/researchareas/details

Gene Expression Regulation; Neoplastic, Genetic Markers, Genome; Human/genetics, Glutathione S-Transferase pi/genetics, Humans ...

http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:154902

Humans; Phenotype; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Mutation; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; *Oncogenes; Mitosis/* ... The culprits were found among genes involved in the control of the cell division cycle, and work aimed at understanding the ... As a result, aneuploidy, rather than gene mutation, has been proposed as the explanation for the complex changes observed in ... Oncogenes and mitotic regulators: a change in perspective of our view of neoplastic processes]. Blanchard, J. M. ...

https://www.igmm.cnrs.fr/publication/oncogenes-and-mitotic-regulators-a-change-in-perspective-of-our-view-of-neoplastic-processes/

1. Studies on the regulation of ectopic gene expression in neoplastic breast cells. In these studies we examine the effects of ... A DIFFERENCE IN THE REGULATION OF MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION BETWEEN THE PHENOTYPIC AND THE EMBRYONIC ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE GENES ... with which we are concerned is the elucidation of cellular mechanisms of gene regulation which are related to the neoplastic ... Differential expression of tubulin isotypes during the cell cycle CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON Dumontet, C., Duran, G. E ...

https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/pathology/howard-sussman?tab=teaching

https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/howard-sussman

... gene expression regulation, neoplastic; imaging informatics; informatics; laboratories, hospital; medical informatics; next ... Learning structure in gene expression data using deep architectures, with an application to gene clustering. 2015 IEEE ... Expression of reactive species related genes is associated with patient survival in luminal B breast cancer. Free Radic Biol ... Gene expression analysis of early stage endometrial cancers reveals unique transcripts associated with grade and histology but ...

https://www.dbmi.pitt.edu/category/faculty-role/faculty?page=2

... gene expression regulation, neoplastic; imaging informatics; informatics; laboratories, hospital; medical informatics; next ... Regulation and function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) -Transcription and transcriptomics -Breast cancer biology ...

https://www.dbmi.pitt.edu/people/faculty

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. Genetic Predisposition to Disease. Humans. Male. Melanoma. genetics. ... So far, two genes associated with familial melanoma have been identified, accounting for a minority of genetic risk in families ... These data indicate that MITF is a melanoma-predisposition gene and highlight the utility of whole-genome sequencing to ... which we performed in order to identify other genes associated with familial melanoma. We identify one individual carrying a ...

https://genepi.qimr.edu.au/general/publicationsfulllisting.cgi?pmid=22080950

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ...

http://www.wakehealth.edu/Research/FacultySR.htm?st=Z&li=Z&ft=R

MeSH Terms: Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics*; Epithelium/physiology; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; ... Nude mouse tumours produced by injection of these cells exhibited a higher fraction of cells containing the mutant ras gene ... Genes, ras/physiology*; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mutation; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Trachea/physiology*; ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm/portfolio/publicationDetail/id/759971

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. *Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (pharmacology) *Humans. * ...

https://www.curehunter.com/public/pubmed8806691.do

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic HIV Protease Inhibitors Humans Indinavir Ivermectin Nelfinavir P-Glycoprotein Ritonavir ... Induction of P-glycoprotein expression by HIV protease inhibitors in cell culture. M D Perloff, L L von Moltke, J M Fahey, J P ... Induction of P-glycoprotein expression by HIV protease inhibitors in cell culture. AIDS (London, England). 2000 Jun 16;14(9): ... gene expression regulation (1). *gene expression regulation, neoplastic (1). *hiv protease inhibitors (3) ...

http://www.nextbio.com/b/search/article.nb?id=10894301

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Glioblastoma Humans Molecular Weight Neoplasm Invasiveness Pregnancy Proteins ... PIBF mRNA expression was upregulated by P4 (10 nM) from 12 to 24 h. Glioblastoma cells expressed two PIBF isoforms, 90 and 57 ... In this work, we evaluated PIBF regulation by P4 and the effects of PIBF on proliferation, migration, and invasion of U87 and ...

http://www.nextbio.com/b/search/article.nb?id=28168193

Gastrin-regulated expression of p53 in transformed enterochromaffin-like cells in the African rodent mastomys. - E A Luque, L H ... Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. *Genes, p53 (genetics) *Histamine H2 Antagonists. *Immunohistochemistry. *Molecular ... Gastrin-regulated expression of p53 in transformed enterochromaffin-like cells in the African rodent mastomys.. Abstract. The ... The p53 gene is commonly mutated in human cancers, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this event are not clear. The ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/pubmed9872508.do

... despite tumor expression of EGFR. Gene expression analysis of erlotinib-treated HNSCC cells revealed an upregulation of genes ... TLR4 expression was present in all ovarian epithelium (normal and neoplastic), whereas MyD88 was restricted to neoplastic cells ... positive regulation of JNK cascade - positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation - positive regulation of NF-kappaB ... Mutation and expression analysis of the IDH1, IDH2, DNMT3A, and MYD88 genes in colorectal cancer.. Gene. 2014; 546(2):263-70 [ ...

http://www.cancerindex.org/geneweb/MYD88.htm

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*. *Tunicamycin/pharmacology*. Minor. *Apoptosis/drug effects. *Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ... These cellular changes in gene expression and Akt activation may be an important resistance mechanism against doxorubicin in ... These cellular changes in gene expression and Akt activation may be an important resistance mechanism against doxorubicin in ... As shown in Figure 7A and 7B, the protein expression and the expression of CHOP mRNA was markedly increased in the presence of ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3643935_pone.0062627.g005&req=4

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*. *Liver Neoplasms/genetics*/mortality/pathology. Minor. *Adult. *Aged ... Mentions: To understand the function of ACTL6A in HCC cells, we manipulated ACTL6A expression in cells by ectopic expression ... Mentions: To understand the function of ACTL6A in HCC cells, we manipulated ACTL6A expression in cells by ectopic expression ... Expression level of ACTL6A was identified by real‐time PCR and western blotting; shRNA3 was the most effective one and was ...

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4834727_HEP-63-1256-g002&req=4

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. en. dc.subject. Immunohistochemistry. en. dc.subject. Mesothelioma. en. ... and the observed loss of BAK expression or NOXA transactivation may be relevant mechanisms of resistance in the clinic.. en. ... patients who failed to respond to bortezomib and MPM cell lines selected for resistance to bortezomib conserved BAK expression ...

https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/32687?mode=full

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic. en. dc.subject.mesh. Gene Knockout Techniques. en. ... GLS gene encodes two isoforms, known as kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) and glutaminase C (GAC). Upregulation of GLS is a common ... Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology ; http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/GLSID45600ch2q32.html. ...

http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/70527?show=full

en] Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug ... and expression of the genes that govern telomere protection and elongation are useful for assessing telomere homeostasis. ... hTERT expression includes phenotype-specific RNA maturation and correlates with TA but not with TL. A wide ratio of TA to hTERT ... B- and T-ALL overexpress Ku70 and Pinx1, T-ALL PTOP and RAP1, and B-ALL TRF2, the expression of which is significantly higher ...

http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/110202

The general problem with which we are concerned is the elucidation of cellular mechanisms of gene regulation which are related to the neoplastic process in humans. (stanford.edu)
Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THRSP gene. (wikipedia.org)
The Int6 gene has been highly conserved through evolution, from fission yeast to humans, with the intriguing exception of budding yeasts that have a related protein called Pci8p ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
First, we show that a human gene homologous to the murine RAG2 is transcribed in humans. (wikigenes.org)

Recently, aberrant expression of P-element induced wimpy testis proteins-PIWI (HIWI and HILI) has been identified in various types of tumors. (cancerindex.org)
The ectopic synthesis of placental proteins by non-trophoblastic neoplasms is of special interest because of the frequent association of similar characteristics in neoplastic cells and embryonic cells. (stanford.edu)
2. Studies on a set of nuclear proteins which bind to the regulating sequences controlling the transcription of the placental alkaline phosphatase in response to 1,25,(OH)2D3, which down-regulates the gene and down-regulates cell division. (stanford.edu)
Aberrant expression of cell-cell adhesion related proteins, including the well described cadherin switch phenomenon, has been reported in various human tumours [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
β-catenin, E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are p63 related proteins and abnormalities in their expression are suggested to be involved in development of SCCHN. (diva-portal.org)
Furthermore expression of the p63 related proteins β-catenin, E-cadherin and EGFR was studied using immunoblot analysis. (diva-portal.org)
Our results regarding p63 related proteins showed a generally lower expression of these proteins in OLP lesions compared to normal control tissue. (diva-portal.org)
Miami Winter Symposia, Volume 16: From Gene to Protein: Information Transfer in Normal and Abnormal Cells presents the expression and processing of genetic information at the levels of both proteins and nucleic acids. (elsevier.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of RNA-binding proteins in the expression of HPV in cervical cells and clinical samples. (dit.ie)
Low expression of these proteins was detected in basal epithelial cells of normal cervix, with increased expression in intermediate layers, and a lack of expression in the upper superficial layers. (dit.ie)
Expression of all RNA-binding proteins increased in neoplastic lesions and highest expression was demonstrated in intermediate layers, and a lack of expression in the upper superficial layer. (dit.ie)
Expression of all RNA-binding proteins increased in neoplastic lesions and highest expression was demonstrated in cervical cancers. (dit.ie)
The expression profile of the RNA-binding proteins was similar to PCNA expression in normal and lesional cervical epithelia, but was not associated with HPV-16 status, p16INK4a or differentiation markers. (dit.ie)
The effect of a number of these proteins on transcription of the late HPV genes was evaluated in modified HeLa cell lines (pBEL and pBELM) by transfection studies, with effects evaluated using real-time PCR and Northern blot analyses. (dit.ie)
It was determined that adenoviral E4orf4, splicing proteins SRp30c and PTB as well as HPV-16 E2 can induce the expression of the late HPV genes and these were shown to alter the ratio of expression of HPV L1 mRNAs, demonstrating that these proteins may play a role in the differential expression of proteins during the HPV life-cycle. (dit.ie)
1. Regulation of Cell Functions 2.Growth Factor Receptors 3.Postreceptor Mechanisms of Growth Factor Action 4.Cyclic Nucleotides 5.Guanosine Triphosphate-Binding Proteins 6.The Calcium-Calmodulin System 7.Phosphoinositide Metabolism 8.Protein Phosphorylation 9.Proto-Oncogene and Onco-Suppressor Gene Expression 10.Role of Growth Factors in Neoplastic Processes. (routledge.com)
The diverse realm of posttranslational modification (PTM) 1 of proteins encompasses many of the critical signaling events occurring during neoplastic transformation. (mcponline.org)
RNA-binding proteins accompany all steps in the life of mRNAs and provide dynamic gene regulatory functions for rapid adjustment to changing extra- or intracellular conditions. (nih.gov)
Until recently, the central dogma of genetics was that RNA played the role of messenger between the gene and the final proteins encoded by the gene, and ncRNAs were ignored in the field of genome sequencing. (spandidos-publications.com)
CTAR1 associates with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated proteins (TRAFs), whereas CTAR2 interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain protein (TRADD), which mainly mediates nuclear factor κB activity ( 19 ) and induces expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( 20 ). (pnas.org)

Interestingly, miR-137 has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor, with numerous studies finding reduced expression in neoplasia including brain tumor. (nih.gov)
However, many patients with HNSCC respond poorly to the EGFR inhibitors (EGFRI) cetuximab and erlotinib, despite tumor expression of EGFR. (cancerindex.org)
Mitochondria gained center stage in molecular oncology when Otto Warburg observed that tumor cells can ferment glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen, proposing that a failure in mitochondrial respiration was the cause of this metabolic trait, called aerobic glycolysis, and that this was in turn required for neoplastic growth ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
It evaluates the possible role of growth factors in the regulation of proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression, and the development of neoplastic processes is discussed in detail. (routledge.com)
Mice with endothelial cell-specific loss of G13 showed reduced VEGFR-2 expression at sites of angiogenesis and attenuated VEGF effects, resulting in impaired retinal angiogenesis and tumor vascularization. (mpg.de)
We now demonstrate that culture of Ras-transformed cells in the presence of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) LB42722 leads to up-regulation of Fas expression, both under basal growth conditions and in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor α. (aacrjournals.org)
Therefore, inhibition of oncogenic Ras by FTI can result in two events that alter host-tumor interactions: up-regulation of Fas, rendering tumors more sensitive to immune cytotoxic effector cells, and down-reglation of VEGF, which may inhibit tumor angiogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
Preoperative Hb levels are associated with poor DSS for vulvar SCC patients, whereas tumor hypoxia reflected by GLUT-1 and CA-IX expression does not have a predictive value. (rug.nl)
The overexpression of CYP1B1 has been implicated in premalignant progression ( 8 ), and given its differential expression in tumor tissue, it may be considered a drug and vaccine target for the treatment of several types of cancer ( 9 , 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
CYP1B1 expression is clinically relevant in neoplastic progression, tumor metabolism, and cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
Altered subcellular localization and isoform distribution in malignant glioma indicate that tumor-specific changes in DRBP76-related gene products and their regulatory functions may contribute to the formation and/or maintenance of these tumors. (nih.gov)
We found specific deregulation of 57 genes in ERG-positive PCa and 15 genes in ETV1-positive PCa, whereas deregulation of 27 genes was shared in both tumor subtypes. (qub.ac.uk)
Our results suggest that the expression of miR-101 is down-regulated in BTCC, which consequently favored tumor progression. (medscimonit.com)
The Int6 gene was originally identified as a common insertion site for the mouse mammary tumor virus in virally induced mouse mammary tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Transcription of the affected allele was terminated at a cryptic transcription stop signal in the reverse mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat sequence causing the expression of a truncated chimeric RNA that encodes a COOH-terminally deleted product. (aacrjournals.org)
Alteration in gene activation, for instance silencing of tumor suppressors or activation of oncogenes, may occur in the case of cancer cells [3]. (termedia.pl)
Dysfunction of cell adhesion (metastasis) is characteristic for tumor cells and is regarded as a result of alternation in E-cadherin expression (encoded by CDH1). (termedia.pl)
In human cancers such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), loss of membranous E-cadherin expression correlates significantly with tumor intracranial invasion ( 3 ), advanced disease stage, and lymph node metastasis ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
E-cadherin acts as an invasion-suppressor gene ( 5 - 7 ) and, consequently, knowledge of the molecular mechanism that controls its expression or function is of primary importance in understanding the process of tumor invasion. (pnas.org)
We use targeted conditional and inducible mouse models and other cellular and molecular approaches to uncover gene-expression and genomic and epigenetic alteration that occur during tumor development and progression and to functionally analyze the biological significance of these changes in oncogenic transformation. (stanford.edu)

The miRNAs are involved in various biological processes, including cell proliferation and cell death during development, stress resistance, and fat metabolism, through the regulation of gene expression ( 3 ). (pnas.org)
Ten of these genes are involved in xenobiotic metabolism and redox stress (eg AKR1B10, AKR1C1, and MT1K). (uni-regensburg.de)
These genes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics (eg GPX2 and FMO3) and may represent cigarette smoke-induced, cancer-related molecular targets that may be utilized to identify smokers with increased risk for lung cancer. (uni-regensburg.de)

In these studies we examine the effects of steroid hormones and cholcalciferol analogs on the expression of ectopically produced placental alkaline phosphatase and the eutopic breast-class isoenzyme in human breast cancer cell lines in which embryonic genes are ectopically (non-phenotype) expressed. (stanford.edu)
hTERT expression includes phenotype-specific RNA maturation and correlates with TA but not with TL. (ac.be)
A wide ratio of TA to hTERT expression between leukemia subtypes suggests phenotype-specific hTERT post-transcriptional deregulations. (ac.be)
Lower expression of the cadherins may be correlated with poorer differentiation of the CRC, and its more aggressive phenotype. (medscimonit.com)
Subsequently, overexpression of THRSP induced inattention, but not hyperactive and impulsive behavior in mice, suggesting that this gene plays a role in the inattention phenotype of ADHD. (wikipedia.org)
Using molecular profiling of microdissected primary tumour tissue specimens followed by functional in vitro analysis, we identified and validated CDH11, PCSK6 and SH3GL3 as novel glioma invasion-associated candidate genes that likely contribute to the invasive phenotype of malignant gliomas. (uni-regensburg.de)
We found that endothelial VEGFR-2 expression is strongly reduced in the absence of the G protein G13, resulting in an impaired responsiveness to VEGF-A, a phenotype that can be rescued by normalization of VEGFR-2 levels. (mpg.de)
Thus, the functional role of DRBP76 in co- or post-transcriptional gene regulation may contribute to the neoplastic phenotype. (nih.gov)

As a result, aneuploidy, rather than gene mutation, has been proposed as the explanation for the complex changes observed in cancer cells. (cnrs.fr)
Nude mouse tumours produced by injection of these cells exhibited a higher fraction of cells containing the mutant ras gene that did the injected cells, while a subclone that lacked the ras mutation was much less tumorigenic than parental cells. (nih.gov)
For the majority of samples, clinical and biological information, such as age at diagnosis, sex, Rai stage, presence/absence of treatment, ZAP-70 expression, and IgV H gene mutation status were available (see Table 4, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). (pnas.org)
Mutation of the p38 MAPK target site in KSRP blocked the resveratrol effect on pro-inflammatory gene expression. (jove.com)
Mutation of genes and epigenetic alterations underline oncogenesis and cancer progression [8]. (termedia.pl)
We found that breast tumors from BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers display characteristic RNA expression patterns, allowing them to be distinguished from sporadic tumors. (forskningsdatabasen.dk)

The kinesin-like factor 1 B (KIF1B) gene plays an important role in the process of apoptosis and the transformation and progression of malignant cells. (duke.edu)
p53 expression was evaluated in fundic mucosa from different stages of transformation by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies against wild-type p53. (curehunter.com)
During neoplastic transformation, cells must provide an adequate supply of the anabolic building blocks required to meet a relentless proliferation pressure. (frontiersin.org)
Among the numerous molecular events that have been shown to play a role in the neoplastic transformation of Barrett's mucosa, only changes in DNA ploidy, increased proliferation, and alterations of the p53 gene have been suggested to be of potential help in the surveillance of patients. (bmj.com)
Although the recent developments and use of genomics and proteomics offer much promise in the search for molecular markers of early stage cancers, these methods are inadequate to probe the dynamic nature of signaling processes that cells exhibit during their transformation to become neoplastic. (mcponline.org)
Our data suggest that physiologic DRBP76 expression, isoform distribution and subcellular localization are profoundly altered upon malignant transformation. (nih.gov)
Investigations have indicated that exactly the transition from the permissive infection stage to a transformation stage, where neoplastic alterations can occur due to expression of the viral oncogenes, is associated with certain methylation patterns of the viral genome which promote the expression of the oncogenes E6 and E7. (bireme.br)
MiRNA regulation is essential to many cellular processes, and escape from this regulatory network seems to be a common characteristic of several disease processes and malignant transformation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Neoplastic transformation is mainly connected with the combination of many factors, including genetic, epigenetic and environmental, which translates to specific gene activation [7]. (termedia.pl)
Our lab focuses on understanding the molecular mechanism of transcription factors that govern the transformation of normal mammalian cells to a neoplastic state. (stanford.edu)

We have studied the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and urokinase receptor (uPAR) together with the gamma2-chain of laminin-5 (lam-gamma2) by immunohistochemistry in 20 cases with incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (biomedsearch.com)
A subset of 15 differentially regulated genes was validated by real-time PCR or immunohistochemistry. (uni-regensburg.de)

Restoration of miR-137 expression has also been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and metastasis, and induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
In summary, the block of mitochondrial apoptosis is a limiting factor for achieving efficacy of bortezomib in MPM, and the observed loss of BAK expression or NOXA transactivation may be relevant mechanisms of resistance in the clinic. (le.ac.uk)
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS- β-Cells and human islets were used to assess obestatin effect on cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, intracellular signaling, and gene expression. (diabetesjournals.org)
This is manifested by an increase in fas mRNA, Fas cell surface expression, and Fas-induced apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Defined signaling pathways where aberrant regulation of phosphorylation contributes to oncogenesis include receptor tyrosine kinases/PI 3-kinase/Akt/mTOR, receptor tyrosine kinases/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, MEKK/MKK/JNK, and JAK/STAT. All of these signaling cascades, where phosphorylation occurs at nearly each step, have profound control in cell growth, survival, apoptosis, or responses to various extracellular signals. (mcponline.org)
Importantly, ectopic expression of a constitutively activated RSK mutant abrogates Bad activation and renders melanoma cells resistant to apoptosis induced by a MEK inhibitor. (aacrjournals.org)
CCAR2 (Cell Cycle And Apoptosis Regulator 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Siva1 strongly inhibits p53-mediated gene expression and apoptosis. (thebiogrid.org)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the HIWI and HILI expression and its relationship with cancer stem cells markers in 72 patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). (cancerindex.org)
Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, urokinase receptor and laminin gamma-2 chain is an early coordinated event in incipient oral squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedsearch.com)
PAI-1-positive neoplastic cells located at the tip of the putative invasive front of grade 1 (incipient) carcinoma were seen in 16 of the 20 cases (75%), whereas adjacent normal and dysplastic epithelium was PAI-1-negative. (biomedsearch.com)
Clusters of putative invasive neoplastic cells located in the lamina propria were PAI-1-positive in areas with grade 2 incipient carcinoma as were invasive cancer cells in areas of grade 3-4 invasive carcinoma. (biomedsearch.com)
however, lam-gamma2-positive neoplastic cells were only detected in 11 of the 20 cases (55%) in areas of grade 1 incipient carcinoma. (biomedsearch.com)
Although Pae displays anti-neoplastic activity and increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in various cell lines and in animal models, studies related to the effect of Pae on ER stress-induced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly understood. (nih.gov)
These cellular changes in gene expression and Akt activation may be an important resistance mechanism against doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells undergoing ER stress. (nih.gov)
This study has compared MUPCDH ( CDHR5 ) expression in three key types of colorectal tissue samples, for normal mucosa, adenoma, and carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this study was to determine whether the hypoxia-associated markers glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 and carbonic anhydrase (CA)-IX expression and preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels correlate with presence of inguinofemoral or distant metastases, and disease-free survival (DSS) in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients. (rug.nl)
Down-regulation of microRNA-101 (miR-101) expression has been linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) development. (medscimonit.com)
Here, we examined Wnt/ß-catenin pathway activation as a function of breast cancer progression, and tested for a relationship with HER2/neu expression, using a human tissue microarray comprising benign breast tissues, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive carcinomas. (jove.com)
In order to gain a better understanding of the cellular interactions that result in the formation of latent metastasis and decreased survival, we have generated an inducible transgenic mouse model of YFP-expressing ductal carcinoma that develops after sexual maturity in immune-competent mice and is driven by consistent, endocrine-independent oncogene expression. (jove.com)
Although it is established that LMP1 represses E-cadherin expression and enhances the invasive ability of carcinoma cells, the mechanism underlying this repression remains to be elucidated. (pnas.org)
E-cadherin expression is frequently suppressed or reduced in carcinoma tissues of the breast and liver, and many carcinoma cell lines derived from colon, stomach, and prostate ( 2 ). (pnas.org)

Here we report the whole-genome sequencing of probands from several melanoma families, which we performed in order to identify other genes associated with familial melanoma. (edu.au)
These data indicate that MITF is a melanoma-predisposition gene and highlight the utility of whole-genome sequencing to identify novel rare variants associated with disease susceptibility. (edu.au)
Epigenetic perturbations are increasingly described in cancer cells where they are thought to contribute to deregulated gene expression and genome instability. (cnrs.fr)
Tissue type-specific expression of the dsRNA-binding protein 76 and genome-wide elucidation of its target mRNAs. (nih.gov)

Gene expression in surgically resected and microdissected samples of non-small-cell lung cancers (18 squamous cell carcinomas and nine adenocarcinomas), matched normal bronchial epithelium, and peripheral lung tissue from both smokers (n = 22) and non-smokers (n = 5) was studied using the Affymetrix U133A array. (uni-regensburg.de)
By comparison of the gene expression profiles in the bronchial epithelium of non-smokers, smokers, and matched cancer tissues, it was possible to identify a signature of 23 differentially expressed genes, which might reflect early cigarette smoke-induced and cancer-relevant molecular lesions in the central bronchial epithelium of smokers. (uni-regensburg.de)
Recent advances in defining the molecular mechanisms of cell cycle control in eukaryotes provide a basis for better understanding the hormonal control of cell proliferation in normal and neoplastic breast epithelium. (garvan.org.au)

Ren L, Deng B, Saloura V, Park JH, Nakamura Y. MELK inhibition targets cancer stem cells through downregulation of SOX2 expression in head and neck cancer cells. (uchicago.edu)
The expression level of HIWI and HILI and cancer stem cells markers in paired cancerous and non-cancerous tissues was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. (cancerindex.org)
Our results suggest that PAI-1 is a novel potential marker of initial invasion in oral SCC, and that the coordinated expression of PAI-1 with uPAR and lam-gamma2 sustain the features of the early invasive cancer cells. (biomedsearch.com)
Since vimentin and K8/K18 are associated with malignant progression in different types of human epithelial tumors, our data demonstrate that Nox1 accelerated neoplastic-like progression by inducing generation of progenitor cells. (biomedsearch.com)
1. Studies on the regulation of ectopic gene expression in neoplastic breast cells. (stanford.edu)
Gastrin-regulated expression of p53 in transformed enterochromaffin-like cells in the African rodent mastomys. (curehunter.com)
Gene expression analysis of erlotinib-treated HNSCC cells revealed an upregulation of genes involved in MyD88-dependent signaling compared with their respective vehicle-treated cell lines. (cancerindex.org)
Furthermore, induction of ER stress resulted in increasing expression of COX-2 concomitant with inactivation of Akt and up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) in HepG2 cells. (nih.gov)
However, co-pretreatment with tunicamycin and Pae decreased the expression of COX-2 and levels of activation of Akt as well as increasing the levels of CHOP in HCC cells. (nih.gov)
Opposite results are observed when ACTL6A is knocked down.ACTL6A knockdown has the equal blockage effect as the Notch signaling inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester, in HCC cells.Further studies indicate that ACTL6A might manipulate SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) expression and then activate Notch1 signaling. (nih.gov)
To understand the function of ACTL6A in HCC cells, we manipulated ACTL6A expression in cells by ectopic expression and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown. (nih.gov)
Meanwhile, three shRNAs (shRNA1, shRNA2, and shRNA3) were designed to silence ACTL6A expression in Hep3B cells named as Hep3B‐shACTL6A subsequently. (nih.gov)
MUPCDH expression was however restored in HCT116 and SW480 cells in the presence of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor). (hindawi.com)
In early experiments, with L929 fibroblasts transfected with an expression vector that contained MUPCDH (the gene for encoding this mucin-like protocadherin), a notable and abnormal aggregation of the transfected cells was observed [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Little else is known about miRNA expression patterns or function in normal or neoplastic cells. (pnas.org)
We have shown previously that miR-15a and miR-16 - 1 are located at chromosome 13q14.3 within a 30-kb region of loss in CLL cells and that both genes are deleted and/or down-regulated in the majority of the analyzed CLL cell samples ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
Knockdown of KSRP expression prevented resveratrol-induced mRNA destabilization in human and murine cells. (jove.com)
Zebrafish embryos that are transgenic for mitfa:BRAF(V600E) and lack p53 (also known as tp53) have a gene signature that is enriched for markers of multipotent neural crest cells, and neural crest progenitors from these embryos fail to terminally differentiate. (zfin.org)
In previous studies we have shown that oncogenic Ras inhibits the expression of Fas (CD95) and renders Ras-transformed cells resistant to Fas-induced death. (aacrjournals.org)
Whereas FTI up-regulates expression of FAS in Ras-transformed cells, it inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. (aacrjournals.org)
Several families of cyclins control cell cycle progression in G1 phase, cyclins C, D and E, or in S, G2 and mitosis, cyclins A and B. Recent studies have defined the expression and regulation of cyclin genes in normal breast epithelial cells and in breast cancer cell lines. (garvan.org.au)
Following growth arrest of T-47D breast cancer cells by serum deprivation restimulation with insulin results in sequential induction of cyclin genes. (garvan.org.au)
Interestingly, we demonstrate that the expression of TDRD1, the topmost overexpressed gene of our list of ERG-specific candidate targets, is inversely correlated with the methylation levels of a CpG island found at -66 bp of the transcription start site in PCa and that TDRD1 expression is regulated by direct binding of ERG to the CpG island in VCaP cells. (qub.ac.uk)
Neoplastic cells are presented as single cells or cell aggregates, and are able to spread the cancer to other parts of the human body. (termedia.pl)
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5′-Aza-2′dC, restores E-cadherin promoter activity and protein expression in LMP1-expressing cells, which in turn blocks cell migration ability, as demonstrated by the Transwell cell migration assay. (pnas.org)
Human epithelial cells expressing LMP1 display significant higher invasive capacity, correlating with decreased E-cadherin expression ( 16 ). (pnas.org)
In addition, LMP1 expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (used as a model in cell migration studies) induces Ets-1 expression and invasive growth (17,18). (pnas.org)
Such an approach takes advantage of mechanisms that activate genes known to confer a growth advantage to neoplastic cells. (eurekaselect.com)
Expression of human recombination activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) in neoplastic lymphoid cells: correlation with cell differentiation and antigen receptor expression. (wikigenes.org)
we show that the p53-Hdm2 interaction in unstressed cells is promoted by Siva1, which, like Hdm2, is the product of a p53 target gene. (thebiogrid.org)

A significant increase in p65 NFkappaB mRNA and protein expression, compared to normal thyroid cultures or tissue, was found in all of the cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering of normalized mRNA levels has shown 4 groups with statistically different gene expression. (medscimonit.com)
A gradual decrease of mRNA levels and protein expression was observed in progressive stages of colorectal carcinogenesis which are consistent with reports of increasing MUPCDH 5′ promoter region DNA methylation. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, obestatin upregulated GLP-1R mRNA and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) expression and phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cyclin D1 mRNA increases within 1 h of mitogenic stimulation and is followed by increased expression of cyclins D3 and E in G1 phase, cyclin A in late G1/early S phase and cyclin B1 in G2. (garvan.org.au)
As illustrated in Figure 1 , Rex regulates viral mRNA expression at the post-transcriptional level by interacting with a complex stem-loop RNA structure termed the Rex-responsive element (RXRE), present at the 3′ portion of all plus-strand viral transcripts. (frontiersin.org)

MYC/BCL2 protein coexpression contributes to the inferior survival of activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and demonstrates high-risk gene expression signatures: a report from The International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program. (duke.edu)
The encoded protein contains a high mobility group-box DNA binding domain and participates in the regulation of cell cycle genes and cellular senescence. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
This gene encodes a cytosolic adapter protein that plays a central role in the innate and adaptive immune response. (cancerindex.org)
CBFß and the leukemogenic fusion protein CBFß-SMMHC associate with mitotic chromosomes to epigenetically regulate ribosomal genes. (umassmed.edu)
The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the gene product of S14, a rat gene whose expression is limited to liver and adipose tissue and is controlled by nutritional and hormonal factors. (wikipedia.org)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) interact with protein factors to regulate different layers of gene expression transcriptionally or posttranscriptionally. (jove.com)
Target-fishing and drug responsive target stability experiments showed selective binding of resveratrol to the RNA-binding protein KSRP, a central post-transcriptional regulator of pro-inflammatory gene expression. (jove.com)
When mapping p53 and p63 protein status decreased expression of p63 and increased expression of p53 was seen in OLP compared to normal tissue. (diva-portal.org)
Taken together, we identified G-protein-mediated signaling via G13 as a critical regulator of VEGFR-2 expression during angiogenesis. (mpg.de)
NFAR protein isoform- and subcellular distribution in normal and neoplastic tissues. (nih.gov)
MiRNA genes are evolutionarily conserved and are located within the introns or exons of protein-coding genes, as well as in intergenic areas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies indicate that Int6 is a multifaceted protein involved in the regulation of protein translation and degradation through binding with three complexes: the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, the proteasome regulatory lid, and the constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 signalosome. (aacrjournals.org)
One of the viral genes, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), is expressed in ≈70% of NPC. (pnas.org)
We demonstrate that LMP1 induces DNA methyltransferase expression and activity, which in turn results in hypermethylation of the E-cadherin promoter and repression of the E-cadherin protein. (pnas.org)
comparison of high v low protein expression HR, P = .049). (openrepository.com)
No relationship was observed between p-Akt protein expression and survival outcome, and the limited amount of data collected for KRAS and BRAF mutations prevented any meaningful evaluation of clinical outcomes in relation to these mutations. (openrepository.com)

GNAI1 and GNAI3 Reduce Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis in Mice by Blocking IL6 Signaling and Down-regulating Expression of GNAI2. (uchicago.edu)
Haeberle H, Kuziel W, Dieterich H, Casola A, Gatalica Z, Garofalo R. Inducible expression of inflammatory chemokines in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice: role of MIP-1alpha in lung pathology. (labome.org)
Activation of YFP, ablation of p53, and expression of an oncogenic form of K-ras was achieved by the delivery of an adenovirus expressing Cre-recombinase into the mammary duct of sexually mature, virgin female mice. (jove.com)
On the basis of the similarities in E2F target gene expression patterns among tumors and the lack of evidence implicating insertional mutagenesis, we propose that transduction of fetal mice with a feline lentiviral vector induces E2F-mediated major cellular processes that drive hepatocytes toward uncontrolled proliferation culminating in tumorigenesis. (ucl.ac.uk)

Carcinogenesis involves altered cellular interaction and tissue morphology that partly arise from aberrant expression of cadherins. (hindawi.com)
In particular, during the Ph.D. course, topics concerning control of cellular growth and differentiation, regulation of gene expression, cellular and ultrastructural pathology, molecular pathology, viral oncology and immunovirology will be thoroughly covered. (uniroma1.it)
Among its related pathways are Cellular response to heat stress and Chromatin Regulation / Acetylation . (genecards.org)
Some of the previous studies demonstrated the ability of ascites to modulate the gene expression, which is associated with changes in the cellular behavior of ovarian cancer cell [5, 6]. (termedia.pl)
Our findings suggest that LMP1 down-regulates E-cadherin gene expression and induces cell migration activity by using cellular DNA methylation machinery. (pnas.org)

14-3-3 σ expression effects G2/M response to oxygen and correlates with ovarian cancer metastasis. (lenus.ie)

We now report the genomewide expression profiling of miRNAs in human B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) by using a microarray containing hundreds of human precursor and mature miRNA oligonucleotide probes. (pnas.org)
Furthermore, gene expression profiling revealed that no known cancer-associated genes were deregulated in the vicinity of viral integrations. (ucl.ac.uk)

During this process, environmental conditions can rapidly fluctuate, following local changes in oxygen, pH or nutrient gradients, and can become extremely harsh for the transformed cell, which must become capable of tackling sudden shortages in blood supply or exposure to anti-neoplastic treatments. (frontiersin.org)

By comparison of the tobacco-exposed peripheral alveolar lung tissue of smokers with non-smokers and with adenocarcinomas from smokers, it was possible to identify a signature of 27 other differentially expressed genes. (uni-regensburg.de)

uPAR-positive neoplastic cell islands located at the front of the lesions were seen in 15 of the 20 cases. (biomedsearch.com)
The term cancer describes a subset of neoplastic lesions. (mhmedical.com)

Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer 2015, 54:542-54. (yale.edu)
Genes Chromosomes and Cancer. (umn.edu)

Leflunomide exerts these effects by inhibiting the transcriptional elongation of genes that are required for neural crest development and melanoma growth. (zfin.org)
Transcriptional control is a key step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. (stanford.edu)

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)

Several lines of evidence suggest that development, differentiation and maturation of the nervous system is strongly linked to the expression of miR-137 and its regulation of a large number of downstream target genes in various pathways. (nih.gov)
This work aimed to evaluate whether ETS transcription factors frequently involved in rearrangements in prostate carcinomas (PCa), namely ERG and ETV1, regulate specific or shared target genes. (qub.ac.uk)
We conclude that ETS transcription factors regulate specific and shared target genes and that TDRD1, FKBP10, and GRPR are promising therapeutic targets and can serve as diagnostic markers for molecular subtypes of PCa harboring specific fusion gene rearrangements. (qub.ac.uk)
Nevertheless, five of the six tumors exhibited highly significant upregulation of E2F target genes, of which a majority are associated with oncogenesis, DNA damage response, and chromosomal instability. (ucl.ac.uk)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue. (uchicago.edu)
Consolidated results of the fluorescency of all of the differential genes, designated two coding E-cadherin (CDH1) with the lower expression, and P-cadherin (CDH3) with higher expression in CRC tissue. (medscimonit.com)
Thus, genes that can alter tissue response to hormones and alter clinical response to chemotherapy are of major interest. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, it will provide a summary of CYP1B1 gene regulation and expression in normal and neoplastic tissue. (aacrjournals.org)
A neoplasm is defined as a heritably altered, relatively autonomous growth of tissue with abnormal regulation of gene expression. (mhmedical.com)

Thus constitutive heterochromatin rearrangements can contribute to tumourigenesis by perturbing gene expression via long range epigenetic mechanisms. (cnrs.fr)
Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of viral gene expression. (bireme.br)
The main difference between epigenetic abnormalities and genetic abnormalities buy sominex overnight delivery insomnia zopiclone, such as gene mutations, is that epigenetic changes are reversible and do not involve changes in base sequence, which suggests that gene re-expression is possible and that epigenetic data may lead to important molecular targets for treatment. (bdforum.org)

Whereas the processes controlling VEGF expression are well described, the mechanisms underlying VEGFR-2 upregulation have remained unclear. (mpg.de)

Polymorphisms within the gene have also been implicated in differential cancer risk. (aacrjournals.org)
We performed differential expression analysis on nine normal prostate tissues and 50 PCa enriched for different ETS rearrangements using exon-level expression microarrays, followed by in vitro validation using cell line models. (qub.ac.uk)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is stratified into prognostically favorable germinal center B-cell (GCB)-like and unfavorable activated B-cell (ABC)-like subtypes based on gene expression signatures. (duke.edu)
This gene encodes a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family of transcription factors. (cancerindex.org)
Correlation of HIWI and HILI Expression with Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Colorectal Cancer. (cancerindex.org)
Direct comparison of the 3 components revealed colocalization in neoplastic cell islands in both incipient and invasive SCC. (biomedsearch.com)
The culprits were found among genes involved in the control of the cell division cycle, and work aimed at understanding the regulation of S phase and mitosis have yielded new insights into our understanding of cancer. (cnrs.fr)
Induction of P-glycoprotein expression by HIV protease inhibitors in cell culture. (nextbio.com)
However, MPM tissues from patients who failed to respond to bortezomib and MPM cell lines selected for resistance to bortezomib conserved BAK expression. (le.ac.uk)
High MUPCDH methylation was also observed in HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines that revealed low gene expression levels compared to COLO205 and HT29 cell lines which lack DNA methylation at the MUPCDH locus. (hindawi.com)
However, considering all technological limitations for gene/cell therapy for these patients, alternative therapies such as boosting NER activities should be considered. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we have investigated whether a pattern of cytokine gene expression can be found in non-Hodgkin's peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). (hku.hk)
The overall result suggested a preferential expression of certain cytokines, and these cytokines may play an important role in pathophysiologic progression in these T-cell disorders. (hku.hk)
aHCF were associated to aberrant spatial localization and deregulated expression of a novel 2p gene (GMCL1) that was found to have prognostic impact in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. (cnrs.fr)
CONCLUSIONS- These results indicate that obestatin promotes β-cell and human islet cell survival and stimulates the expression of main regulatory β-cell genes, identifying a new role for this peptide within the endocrine pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
Volume I of this book provides a comprehensive discussion of the factors involved in regulation of the cell cycle, the general biological properties of growth factors, and the receptor and postreceptor mechanisms of action of these signaling agents. (routledge.com)
Manifestations of folate deficiency thereafter, not surprisingly, would involve impairment of cell division, accumulation of possibly toxic metabolites such as homocysteine, and impairment of methylation reactions involved in the regulation of gene expression, thus increasing neoplastic risks. (abcam.com)

In NPC, EBV infection is predominantly latent and viral gene expression is restricted, similar to other EBV-associated malignant tumors. (pnas.org)

From a critical evaluation of the pertinent studies the main conclusion that can be drawn is that, although it is not yet clear whether the 14 galectins identified so far have functions in common, a striking common feature of all galectins is the strong modulation of their expression during development, differentiation stages and under different physiological or pathological conditions. (springer.com)
To define the differentiation stages corresponding to RAG1 and RAG2 RNA expression, we have studied a large number of B- and T-lymphoid neoplasias. (wikigenes.org)
Absence of RAG expression was shown in certain T-ALLs at variable stages of thymic differentiation. (wikigenes.org)

These pathways regulate that activation of numerous proinflammatory genes. (cancerindex.org)
This text then examines the molecular mechanism by which steroid hormones regulate specific gene expression. (elsevier.com)
It is unknown to what extent the programs that regulate neural crest development interact with mutations in the BRAF oncogene, which is the most commonly mutated gene in human melanoma. (zfin.org)

Recently, two genes, RAG1 and RAG2, that are able to activate rearrangement of synthetic recombination substrates were cloned in mouse and a human gene homologous to RAG1 was described. (wikigenes.org)

G13-mediated VEGFR-2 expression involved activation of the small GTPase RhoA and transcription factor NF-kappaB, the latter acting via a specific binding site at position -84 of the VEGFR-2 promoter. (mpg.de)
This results in hypermethylation of the E-cadherin promoter and down-regulation of E-cadherin gene expression, as revealed by methylation-specific PCR, real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting data. (pnas.org)

At least two distinct clusters of CLL samples can be identified that were associated with the presence or absence of Zap-70 expression, a predictor of early disease progression. (pnas.org)

Two miRNA signatures were associated with the presence or absence of mutations in the expressed Ig variableregion genes or with deletions at 13q14, respectively. (pnas.org)
These data suggest that miRNA expression patterns have relevance to the biological and clinical behavior of this leukemia. (pnas.org)
The interest in circulating miRNAs reflects in fact their central role in regulation of gene expression and the implication of miRNA-specific aberrant expression in the pathogenesis of cancer, cardiac, metabolic, neurologic, immune-related diseases as well as others. (spandidos-publications.com)

The p53 gene is commonly mutated in human cancers , but the molecular mechanisms regulating this event are not clear. (curehunter.com)
An approach emphasizing both principles and methodology provides the scientist with the essential fundamentals needed for gene cloning and for an appreciation of the strategies of recombinant DNA technology as well as other molecular techniques. (faes.org)
In spite of these observations it is rather unexpected that very few studies have been performed on the molecular mechanisms governing the activity of galectin genes. (springer.com)

The activity of Rex is essential for expression of viral transcripts coding for the virion components and thus represents a potential target for virus eradication. (frontiersin.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic" by people in this website by year, and whether "Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

No significant correlations were observed between GLUT-1 or CA-IX expression patterns and preoperative Hb levels, presence of inguinofemoral or distant metastases and DSS. (rug.nl)

The levels of genes expression are different for several groups of cadherins, and are related with the stage of CRC, therefore could be potentially the useful marker of the stage of the disease, also applicable in treatment and diagnostics of CRC. (medscimonit.com)

Linearly amplified cDNA from normal and diseased tissues of the original patient and seven others were hybridized to DNA macroarrays containing the candidate gene transcript fragments. (stanford.edu)
In 88 samples of BTCC (n=72) and normal tissues (n=16), the expressions of miR-101 were detected by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (medscimonit.com)

The ability to block the expression of these genes allows exploration of normal growth regulation. (eurekaselect.com)

GLS gene encodes two isoforms, known as kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) and glutaminase C (GAC). (inist.fr)

Polymorphisms in the kinesin-like factor 1 B gene and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Eastern Chinese women. (duke.edu)

These properties of miR-137 propose its potential for prognosis, diagnosis and as a therapeutic target for treatment of several human neurological and neoplastic disorders. (nih.gov)

In this study, we demonstrate that LMP1 induces the expression and activity of the DNA methyltransferases 1, 3a, and 3b, using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme activity assay. (pnas.org)

The Doctorate represents a project of interdisciplinary integration of a Board of Faculty whose didactive objective is to promote learning of topics and biomedical and biotechnological research methodologies useful for prevention, diagnosis and therapy of genetic, infectious or neoplastic diseases. (uniroma1.it)
Additionally, the role of circulating miRNAs could be particularly relevant in the context of neoplastic diseases. (spandidos-publications.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science8

Health Care3

Expression of Bcl-2 protein is decreased in colorectal adenocarcinomas with microsatellite instability. (1/29112)

Growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Grb2 downregulation is correlated with inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, cells. (2/29112)

The cytoskeletal network controls c-Jun expression and glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity in an antagonistic and cell-type-specific manner. (3/29112)

Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 by UV irradiation is inhibited by wortmannin without affecting c-iun expression. (4/29112)

Insertion of excised IgH switch sequences causes overexpression of cyclin D1 in a myeloma tumor cell. (5/29112)

Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone-stimulated steroidogenesis in mouse leydig tumor cells. Involvement of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. (6/29112)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells is blocked by protein kinase C activation through inhibition of c-myc. (7/29112)

p53 status of newly established acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines. (8/29112)

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Gene Expression Regulation

Gene Expression Profiling

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

MicroRNAs

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Gene Expression

RNA, Messenger

Transcription, Genetic

Promoter Regions, Genetic

RNA, Untranslated

Base Sequence

Transcription Factors

Molecular Sequence Data

Computational Biology

Chromatin

Genome

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal

Models, Genetic

Binding Sites

Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal

Algorithms

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Transcriptome

RNA Stability

Signal Transduction

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

Cell Line

Gene Regulatory Networks

Down-Regulation

DNA-Binding Proteins

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Up-Regulation

3' Untranslated Regions

Sequence Analysis, RNA

5' Untranslated Regions

Epigenesis, Genetic

Cells, Cultured

Evolution, Molecular

Alternative Splicing

Cell Line, Tumor

Arabidopsis

Histones

DNA Methylation

Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic

Models, Biological

Conserved Sequence

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Amino Acid Sequence

Software

Cluster Analysis

Genes, Reporter

Microarray Analysis

Blotting, Northern

Transfection

Cell Differentiation

RNA

Transcriptional Activation

Mutation

DNA Primers

In Situ Hybridization

Trans-Activators

Nuclear Proteins

Repressor Proteins

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Mice, Inbred C57BL

DNA, Complementary

Phenotype

Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Time Factors

Liver

Luciferases

DNA

Homeodomain Proteins

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Blotting, Western

Organ Specificity