Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MicroRNAs
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Gene Expression
RNA, Messenger
Transcription, Genetic
Promoter Regions, Genetic
RNA, Untranslated
Base Sequence
Transcription Factors
Molecular Sequence Data
Computational Biology
Chromatin
Genome
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal
Models, Genetic
Binding Sites
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Algorithms
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Transcriptome
RNA Stability
Signal Transduction
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Gene Regulatory Networks
Down-Regulation
DNA-Binding Proteins
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Up-Regulation
3' Untranslated Regions
Sequence Analysis, RNA
5' Untranslated Regions
Epigenesis, Genetic
Cells, Cultured
Evolution, Molecular
Alternative Splicing
Arabidopsis
Histones
DNA Methylation
Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
Models, Biological
Conserved Sequence
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Amino Acid Sequence
Software
Cluster Analysis
Genes, Reporter
Microarray Analysis
Blotting, Northern
Transfection
Cell Differentiation
RNA
Transcriptional Activation
Mutation
DNA Primers
In Situ Hybridization
Trans-Activators
Nuclear Proteins
Repressor Proteins
Polymerase Chain Reaction
DNA, Complementary
Phenotype
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Liver
Luciferases
DNA
Homeodomain Proteins
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Blotting, Western
Organ Specificity
Cell Nucleus
Protein Binding
Plasmids
Reproducibility of Results
Genetic Vectors
Mice, Transgenic
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Cloning, Molecular
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Immunohistochemistry
Gene Silencing
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Expressed Sequence Tags
Response Elements
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Multigene Family
NF-kappa B
RNA Interference
RNA, Small Interfering
Gene Library
Fibroblasts
Mice, Knockout
HeLa Cells
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Apoptosis
Protein Biosynthesis
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
beta-Galactosidase
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Proteins
Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
Plant Proteins
Disease Models, Animal
Cell Cycle
Epithelial Cells
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
Genes, Immediate-Early
Carrier Proteins
Immediate-Early Proteins
Neoplasm Proteins
Gene Deletion
Membrane Proteins
Genes
Phosphorylation
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genes, Regulator
Cytokines
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Sequence Alignment
Lac Operon
Rats, Wistar
Drosophila Proteins
Species Specificity
RNA, Plant
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Embryo, Mammalian
Cell Division
Arabidopsis Proteins
Gene Transfer Techniques
Stress, Physiological
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
Brain
Drosophila melanogaster
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Chromosome Mapping
Principal Component Analysis
Drosophila
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Sp1 Transcription Factor
Genome, Human
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
Histone Deacetylases
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Methylation
Tissue Distribution
Tumor Markers, Biological
Muscle, Skeletal
Inflammation
Transforming Growth Factor beta
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
Zebrafish
Macrophages
Pregnancy
Genes, Neoplasm
Escherichia coli
Transcription Factor AP-1
RNA-Binding Proteins
Enzyme Inhibitors
Neurons
Cell Survival
Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional
Animals, Genetically Modified
Genes, fos
Plants, Genetically Modified
Genes, Homeobox
Genetic Therapy
Virus Replication
Cell Lineage
DNA Probes
Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (1/76734)
The product of the oskar gene directs posterior patterning in the Drosophila oocyte, where it must be deployed specifically at the posterior pole. Proper expression relies on the coordinated localization and translational control of the oskar mRNA. Translational repression prior to localization of the transcript is mediated, in part, by the Bruno protein, which binds to discrete sites in the 3' untranslated region of the oskar mRNA. To begin to understand how Bruno acts in translational repression, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify Bruno-interacting proteins. One interactor, described here, is the product of the apontic gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments lend biochemical support to the idea that Bruno and Apontic proteins physically interact in Drosophila. Genetic experiments using mutants defective in apontic and bruno reveal a functional interaction between these genes. Given this interaction, Apontic is likely to act together with Bruno in translational repression of oskar mRNA. Interestingly, Apontic, like Bruno, is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds certain regions of the oskar mRNA 3' untranslated region. (+info)The role of gene splicing, gene amplification and regulation in mosquito insecticide resistance. (2/76734)
The primary routes of insecticide resistance in all insects are alterations in the insecticide target sites or changes in the rate at which the insecticide is detoxified. Three enzyme systems, glutathione S-transferases, esterases and monooxygenases, are involved in the detoxification of the four major insecticide classes. These enzymes act by rapidly metabolizing the insecticide to non-toxic products, or by rapidly binding and very slowly turning over the insecticide (sequestration). In Culex mosquitoes, the most common organophosphate insecticide resistance mechanism is caused by co-amplification of two esterases. The amplified esterases are differentially regulated, with three times more Est beta 2(1) being produced than Est alpha 2(1). Cis-acting regulatory sequences associated with these esterases are under investigation. All the amplified esterases in different Culex species act through sequestration. The rates at which they bind with insecticides are more rapid than those for their non-amplified counterparts in the insecticide-susceptible insects. In contrast, esterase-based organophosphate resistance in Anopheles is invariably based on changes in substrate specificities and increased turnover rates of a small subset of insecticides. The up-regulation of both glutathione S-transferases and monooxygenases in resistant mosquitoes is due to the effects of a single major gene in each case. The products of these major genes up-regulate a broad range of enzymes. The diversity of glutathione S-transferases produced by Anopheles mosquitoes is increased by the splicing of different 5' ends of genes, with a single 3' end, within one class of this enzyme family. The trans-acting regulatory factors responsible for the up-regulation of both the monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferases still need to be identified, but the recent development of molecular tools for positional cloning in Anopheles gambiae now makes this possible. (+info)TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (3/76734)
We report the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) gene family, human TIF1gamma. Similar to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, the structure of TIF1beta is characterized by multiple domains: RING finger, B boxes, Coiled coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain. Although structurally related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, TIF1gamma presents several functional differences. In contrast to TIF1alpha, but like TIF1beta, TIF1 does not interact with nuclear receptors in yeast two-hybrid or GST pull-down assays and does not interfere with retinoic acid response in transfected mammalian cells. Whereas TIF1alpha and TIF1beta were previously found to interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 and with the HP1alpha, MODI (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma) heterochromatinic proteins, suggesting that they may participate in a complex involved in heterochromatin-induced gene repression, TIF1gamma does not interact with either the KRAB domain of KOX1 or the HP1 proteins. Nevertheless, TIF1gamma, like TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, exhibits a strong silencing activity when tethered to a promoter. Since deletion of a novel motif unique to the three TIF1 proteins, called TIF1 signature sequence (TSS), abrogates transcriptional repression by TIF1gamma, this motif likely participates in TIF1 dependent repression. (+info)Telomerase reverse transcriptase gene is a direct target of c-Myc but is not functionally equivalent in cellular transformation. (4/76734)
The telomerase reverse transcriptase component (TERT) is not expressed in most primary somatic human cells and tissues, but is upregulated in the majority of immortalized cell lines and tumors. Here, we identify the c-Myc transcription factor as a direct mediator of telomerase activation in primary human fibroblasts through its ability to specifically induce TERT gene expression. Through the use of a hormone inducible form of c-Myc (c-Myc-ER), we demonstrate that Myc-induced activation of the hTERT promoter requires an evolutionarily conserved E-box and that c-Myc-ER-induced accumulation of hTERT mRNA takes place in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. These findings demonstrate that the TERT gene is a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. Since telomerase activation frequently correlates with immortalization and telomerase functions to stabilize telomers in cycling cells, we tested whether Myc-induced activation of TERT gene expression represents an important mechanism through which c-Myc acts to immortalize cells. Employing the rat embryo fibroblast cooperation assay, we show that TERT is unable to substitute for c-Myc in the transformation of primary rodent fibroblasts, suggesting that the transforming activities of Myc extend beyond its ability to activate TERT gene expression and hence telomerase activity. (+info)Gene expression profiles in HTLV-I-immortalized T cells: deregulated expression of genes involved in apoptosis regulation. (5/76734)
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia, an acute and often fatal T-cell malignancy. A key step in HTLV-I-induced leukemigenesis is induction of abnormal T-cell growth and survival. Unlike antigen-stimulated T cells, which cease proliferation after a finite number of cell division, HTLV-I-infected T cells proliferate indefinitely (immortalized), thus facilitating occurrence of secondary genetic changes leading to malignant transformation. To explore the molecular basis of HTLV-I-induced abnormal T-cell survival, we compared the gene expression profiles of normal and HTLV-I-immortalized T cells using 'gene array'. These studies revealed a strikingly altered expression pattern of a large number of genes along with HTLV-I-mediated T-cell immortalization. Interestingly, many of these deregulated genes are involved in the control of programmed cell death or apoptosis. These findings indicate that disruption of the cellular apoptosis-regulatory network may play a role in the HTLV-I-mediated oncogenesis. (+info)Socs1 binds to multiple signalling proteins and suppresses steel factor-dependent proliferation. (6/76734)
We have identified Socs1 as a downstream component of the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathway. We show that the expression of Socs1 mRNA is rapidly increased in primary bone marrow-derived mast cells following exposure to Steel factor, and Socs1 inducibly binds to the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase via its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. Previous studies have shown that Socs1 suppresses cytokine-mediated differentiation in M1 cells inhibiting Janus family kinases. In contrast, constitutive expression of Socs1 suppresses the mitogenic potential of Kit while maintaining Steel factor-dependent cell survival signals. Unlike Janus kinases, Socs1 does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the Kit tyrosine kinase. In order to define the mechanism by which Socs1-mediated suppression of Kit-dependent mitogenesis occurs, we demonstrate that Socs1 binds to the signalling proteins Grb-2 and the Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factors Vav. We show that Grb2 binds Socs1 via its SH3 domains to putative diproline determinants located in the N-terminus of Socs1, and Socs1 binds to the N-terminal regulatory region of Vav. These data suggest that Socs1 is an inducible switch which modulates proliferative signals in favour of cell survival signals and functions as an adaptor protein in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways. (+info)Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (7/76734)
A new insect member of the STAT family of transcription factors (Ag-STAT) has been cloned from the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the SH2 domain are well conserved. Ag-STAT is most similar to Drosophila D-STAT and to vertebrate STATs 5 and 6, constituting a proposed ancient class A of the STAT family. The mRNA is expressed at all developmental stages, and the protein is present in hemocytes, pericardial cells, midgut, skeletal muscle and fat body cells. There is no evidence of transcriptional activation following bacterial challenge. However, bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation of Ag-STAT protein in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H2O2) translocates Ag-STAT to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells. This is the first evidence of direct participation of the STAT pathway in immune responses in insects. (+info)Id helix-loop-helix proteins inhibit nucleoprotein complex formation by the TCF ETS-domain transcription factors. (8/76734)
The Id subfamily of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins plays a fundamental role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Id proteins are thought to inhibit differentiation mainly through interaction with other HLH proteins and by blocking their DNA-binding activity. Members of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily of ETS-domain proteins have key functions in regulating immediate-early gene expression in response to mitogenic stimulation. TCFs form DNA-bound complexes with the serum response factor (SRF) and are direct targets of MAP kinase (MAPK) signal transduction cascades. In this study we demonstrate functional interactions between Id proteins and TCFs. Ids bind to the ETS DNA-binding domain and disrupt the formation of DNA-bound complexes between TCFs and SRF on the c-fos serum response element (SRE). Inhibition occurs by disrupting protein-DNA interactions with the TCF component of this complex. In vivo, the Id proteins cause down-regulation of the transcriptional activity mediated by the TCFs and thereby block MAPK signalling to SREs. Therefore, our results demonstrate a novel facet of Id function in the coordination of mitogenic signalling and cell cycle entry. (+info)1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.
2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.
3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.
4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.
5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.
6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.
7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.
8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.
9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.
10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.
There are different types of Breast Neoplasms such as:
1. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors that are made up of glandular and fibrous tissues. They are usually small and round, with a smooth surface, and can be moved easily under the skin.
2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in both breast tissue and milk ducts. They are usually benign and can disappear on their own or be drained surgically.
3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): This is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive breast cancer.
4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): This is the most common type of breast cancer and starts in the milk ducts but grows out of them and invades surrounding tissue.
5. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): It originates in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and grows out of them, invading nearby tissue.
Breast Neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area, skin changes like redness or dimpling, change in size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from the nipple, and changes in the texture or color of the skin.
Treatment options for Breast Neoplasms may include surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.
It is important to note that not all Breast Neoplasms are cancerous; some are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that do not spread or grow.
There are several key features of inflammation:
1. Increased blood flow: Blood vessels in the affected area dilate, allowing more blood to flow into the tissue and bringing with it immune cells, nutrients, and other signaling molecules.
2. Leukocyte migration: White blood cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, migrate towards the site of inflammation in response to chemical signals.
3. Release of mediators: Inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are released by immune cells and other cells in the affected tissue. These molecules help to coordinate the immune response and attract more immune cells to the site of inflammation.
4. Activation of immune cells: Immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells, become activated and start to phagocytose (engulf) pathogens or damaged tissue.
5. Increased heat production: Inflammation can cause an increase in metabolic activity in the affected tissue, leading to increased heat production.
6. Redness and swelling: Increased blood flow and leakiness of blood vessels can cause redness and swelling in the affected area.
7. Pain: Inflammation can cause pain through the activation of nociceptors (pain-sensing neurons) and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Inflammation can be acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is a short-term response to injury or infection, which helps to resolve the issue quickly. Chronic inflammation is a long-term response that can cause ongoing damage and diseases such as arthritis, asthma, and cancer.
There are several types of inflammation, including:
1. Acute inflammation: A short-term response to injury or infection.
2. Chronic inflammation: A long-term response that can cause ongoing damage and diseases.
3. Autoimmune inflammation: An inappropriate immune response against the body's own tissues.
4. Allergic inflammation: An immune response to a harmless substance, such as pollen or dust mites.
5. Parasitic inflammation: An immune response to parasites, such as worms or fungi.
6. Bacterial inflammation: An immune response to bacteria.
7. Viral inflammation: An immune response to viruses.
8. Fungal inflammation: An immune response to fungi.
There are several ways to reduce inflammation, including:
1. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
2. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and getting enough sleep.
3. Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, herbal supplements, and mind-body practices.
4. Addressing underlying conditions, such as hormonal imbalances, gut health issues, and chronic infections.
5. Using anti-inflammatory compounds found in certain foods, such as omega-3 fatty acids, turmeric, and ginger.
It's important to note that chronic inflammation can lead to a range of health problems, including:
1. Arthritis
2. Diabetes
3. Heart disease
4. Cancer
5. Alzheimer's disease
6. Parkinson's disease
7. Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Therefore, it's important to manage inflammation effectively to prevent these complications and improve overall health and well-being.
Neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of cells that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Neoplasms can occur in any part of the body and can affect various organs and tissues. The term "neoplasm" is often used interchangeably with "tumor," but while all tumors are neoplasms, not all neoplasms are tumors.
Types of Neoplasms
There are many different types of neoplasms, including:
1. Carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the epithelial cells lining organs and glands. Examples include breast cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.
2. Sarcomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in connective tissue, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Examples include osteosarcoma (bone cancer) and soft tissue sarcoma.
3. Lymphomas: These are cancers of the immune system, specifically affecting the lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues. Examples include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
4. Leukemias: These are cancers of the blood and bone marrow that affect the white blood cells. Examples include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
5. Melanomas: These are malignant tumors that arise in the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Examples include skin melanoma and eye melanoma.
Causes and Risk Factors of Neoplasms
The exact causes of neoplasms are not fully understood, but there are several known risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing a neoplasm. These include:
1. Genetic predisposition: Some people may be born with genetic mutations that increase their risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
2. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as radiation and certain chemicals, can increase the risk of developing a neoplasm.
3. Infection: Some neoplasms are caused by viruses or bacteria. For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common cause of cervical cancer.
4. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a poor diet can increase the risk of developing certain types of neoplasms.
5. Family history: A person's risk of developing a neoplasm may be higher if they have a family history of the condition.
Signs and Symptoms of Neoplasms
The signs and symptoms of neoplasms can vary depending on the type of cancer and where it is located in the body. Some common signs and symptoms include:
1. Unusual lumps or swelling
2. Pain
3. Fatigue
4. Weight loss
5. Change in bowel or bladder habits
6. Unexplained bleeding
7. Coughing up blood
8. Hoarseness or a persistent cough
9. Changes in appetite or digestion
10. Skin changes, such as a new mole or a change in the size or color of an existing mole.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasms
The diagnosis of a neoplasm usually involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans), and biopsy. A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the suspected tumor and examining it under a microscope for cancer cells.
The treatment of neoplasms depends on the type, size, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Some common treatments include:
1. Surgery: Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue can be an effective way to treat many types of cancer.
2. Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
3. Radiation therapy: Using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells can be effective for some types of cancer, especially if the cancer is located in a specific area of the body.
4. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
5. Targeted therapy: Using drugs or other substances to target specific molecules on cancer cells can be an effective treatment for some types of cancer.
Prevention of Neoplasms
While it is not always possible to prevent neoplasms, there are several steps that can reduce the risk of developing cancer. These include:
1. Avoiding exposure to known carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke and radiation)
2. Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
3. Getting regular exercise
4. Not smoking or using tobacco products
5. Limiting alcohol consumption
6. Getting vaccinated against certain viruses that are associated with cancer (such as human papillomavirus, or HPV)
7. Participating in screening programs for early detection of cancer (such as mammograms for breast cancer and colonoscopies for colon cancer)
8. Avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight and using protective measures such as sunscreen and hats to prevent skin cancer.
It's important to note that not all cancers can be prevented, and some may be caused by factors that are not yet understood or cannot be controlled. However, by taking these steps, individuals can reduce their risk of developing cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.
Regulation of gene expression
Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression
Post-transcriptional regulation
Biology
School of Life Sciences (University of Dundee)
H4K8ac
H2BK5ac
H3K36ac
H4K91ac
H3K79me2
H3T11P
H3K4me1
H3R8me2
H3K27ac
H3K36me
H4K5ac
H3T45P
H3K56ac
H3T6P
H4K20me
H3K9ac
H3K9me2
H3S10P
H3Y41P
H3R2me2
H4R3me2
Richard M. Myers
H3K36me2
H3R42me
Involucrin
Paul Mischel
Uridine monophosphate synthase
G1 phase
Ian A. Graham
NFIX
HOXD8
Cannabis Social Club
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
MAPK8IP3
5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
Job interview
Death-associated protein 6
Metabolism
Genomic imprinting
PSMD7
BMF (gene)
Catenin
Transgenerational stress inheritance
SFRS6
CD278
NOX4
Augurin
Interferon
MiR-137
RHOB
RK2 plasmid
DNA annotation
ABL (gene)
Selenoprotein P
CD34
Gene Expression & Regulation Section - NIDDK
Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression Group - Signal Transduction in the Regulation of Gene Expression
NIH Guide: NUTRIENT INFLUENCE ON GENE REGULATION AND EXPRESSION
Publications - Gene Expression & Regulation Section - NIDDK
NIH VideoCast - Social Regulation for Human Gene Expression
Regulation of GATA1 gene expression - PubMed
Metabolic Regulation of Gene Expression by Histone Lysine β-Hydroxybutyrylation - PubMed
Regulation of Gene Expression at the Beginning of Mammalian Development - Melvin DePamphilis Lab | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy...
On the function and relevance of alternative 3'-UTRs in gene expression regulation - Search Results - PubMed
talks.cam : Regulation of gene expression and genome organisation
Postdoctoral Fellow in Regulation of Gene Expression and Molecular Carcinogenesis Group job with MASARYK UNIVERSITY | 322388
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant | Scholars@Duke
Involvement of the influenza A virus PB2 protein in the regulation of viral gene expression | Microbiology Society
YRC Public Data Repository - Gene Ontology - posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
DNA methylation and cis-regulation of gene expression by prostate cancer risk SNPs.
Language: English / Format: Text / Subject: Mutagenesis and Gene Expression Regulation / Genre: Articles / Publisher: Cold...
Regulation by Insulin of Gene Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue | Diabetes | American Diabetes Association
Regulation of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Early and Late Gene Expression - Research output
- Lund University
Early exposure to chronic hypoxia induces short- and long-term regulation of hemoglobin gene expression in European sea bass ...
Regulation of early signaling and gene expression in the α-particle and bystander response of IMR-90 human fibroblasts |...
Regulation of fatty acid desaturase- and immunity gene-expression by mbk-1/DYRK1A in Caenorhabditis elegans | BMC Genomics |...
Subjects: Gene Expression Regulation - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search Results
Laboratory project: 'Regulation of Gene Expression' - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine
Non-Coding RNAs Are Rising Stars in Gene Expression Regulation | NIH Intramural Research Program
Aromatase Gene Expression and Regulation in the Female Rat Pituitary - Normandie Université
Differential4
- Differential control of the genome establishes gene expression programmes that drive cellular identity and function. (cam.ac.uk)
- Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants. (uams.edu)
- LinkedOmics was used to identify differential gene expression with RBM8A and to analyze Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. (aging-us.com)
- Expression of immediate early genes in brain reward circuitries: Differential regulation by psychostimulant and opioid drugs. (nih.gov)
Social Regulation for Human Gene Expression1
- This lecture has been broken into ten chapters and may be viewed by clicking on the links provided, beginning with Introduction To Social Regulation for Human Gene Expression . (nih.gov)
Types of genes2
Regulators of gene expression2
- The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), for instance, were recently identified as major regulators of gene expression. (nih.gov)
- Model made predictions on which genes would code for intermediate regulators of gene expression. (liveforever.club)
Ontology1
- Gene ontology suggested signal transduction and transcriptional regulation responding 30 minutes after treatment affected cell structure, motility and adhesion, and interleukin synthesis. (columbia.edu)
Genome7
- I will discuss the regulation of gene expression and genome architecture, focusing on regulatory elements, chromatin domains, and 3D genome organization in C. elegans. (cam.ac.uk)
- These findings highlight the critical role of LDB1 in maintaining both ESC stemness and promoting differentiation through its influence on gene expression and genome organization. (nih.gov)
- We identify and compare expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and CpG methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) among 147 established PrCa risk SNPs in primary prostate tumors (n = 355 from a Seattle-based study and n = 495 from The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) and tumor-adjacent, histologically benign samples (n = 471 from a Mayo Clinic study). (nih.gov)
- We used whole human genome microarrays and real time quantitative PCR to measure and validate gene expression. (columbia.edu)
- We used sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus, analyzed RBM8A expression and gene regulation networks in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (aging-us.com)
- Team built a genome-wide model for regulation of gene expression in S. cerevisiae. (liveforever.club)
- It will measure, over time, how every other gene in the genome responds. (liveforever.club)
Epigenetic regulation2
- At first, only a few lncRNAs were known to exist, but as technologies improved, next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed a large number of lncRNAs, with several of them playing roles in epigenetic regulation and gene expression during embryonic development or cancer. (nih.gov)
- Cooperation between the H3K27me3 Chromatin Mark and Non-CG Methylation in Epigenetic Regulation. (uams.edu)
Transcriptional regulation1
- Clayton, C & Shapira, M 2007, ' Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in trypanosomes and leishmanias ', Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology , vol. 156, no. 2, pp. 93-101. (bgu.ac.il)
Plant5
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Gene Expression Regulation, Plant" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
- Histone Deacetylase HDA9 and WRKY53 Transcription Factor Are Mutual Antagonists in Regulation of Plant Stress Response. (uams.edu)
- Thomas J, Kim HR, Rahmatallah Y, Wiggins G, Yang Q, Singh R, Glazko G, Mukherjee A. RNA-seq reveals differentially expressed genes in rice (Oryza sativa) roots during interactions with plant-growth promoting bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense. (uams.edu)
Phenotype1
- Upon disruption of the GATA1 gene, mice show a drastic bloodless phenotype. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms7
- The Post-transcriptional Gene Expression Group is interested in the molecular mechanisms by which proteins of this family are regulated, and in their physiological roles in a variety of normal processes, including innate immunity in response to environmental cues, hematopoiesis, establishment of the fetal circulation, and placental physiology in mammals. (nih.gov)
- However, basic mechanisms underlying the influence of dietary factors and related metabolites on gene transcription need further study. (nih.gov)
- In addition to studies focusing on mechanisms controlling gene regulation by dietary factors, support is also needed for work on the interactions between genetic factors and nutrition. (nih.gov)
- However, the precise mechanisms by which LDB1 contributes to gene regulation and chromatin structure modification during erythrocyte development stages are not well understood. (nih.gov)
- During my Ph.D., I decided to pursue my thesis project in a lab working in the RNA field and, more specifically, on the mechanisms of alternative splicing regulation. (nih.gov)
- Dosage compensation mechanisms equalize the level of X chromosome expression between sexes. (umn.edu)
- Along with generating a uniquely extensive data resource in interconnected brain regions implicated in depression/anxiety and environmental influences, this project will deliver cellular mechanisms and molecular mediators implicated in affective and cognitive regulation. (edu.au)
Subjects1
- 0.01) mRNA expression was reduced in obese (nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic) subjects and was negatively correlated with the BMI of the subjects ( r = −0.63, P = 0.02). (diabetesjournals.org)
Regulate3
- Recent studies indicate that this is an emerging area, rich with opportunities, but in need of additional support for further development of research efforts It appears that nutritional factors, e.g., various vitamins regulated via dietary intake can interact with other regulatory networks, such as tissue-specific, developmental, and hormonal factors, as well as dietary fat or carbohydrate, to regulate gene expression. (nih.gov)
- In the current study, we tested the effects of the hop-derived compounds 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-prenylnaringenin, xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol (1) to modulate markers of differentiation and gene expression in osteoblasts and (2) to regulate proliferation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (elsevier.com)
- These IEGs might play important roles in activating target genes that regulate adaptations implicated in the behavioral manifestations diagnosed as addiction. (nih.gov)
Eukaryotic2
- Transcription regulation at the core: similarities among bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNA polymerases. (nih.gov)
- Messanger RNA (mRNA) isoforms with alternative 3 '- untranslated regions ( 3 '- UTRs ) are produced by alternative polyadenylation (APA), which occurs during transcription in most eukaryotic genes. (nih.gov)
Suppression1
- Other studies have demonstrated regulation of apoprotein gene expression by sucrose-rich diet, nutritional regulation of gene expression in lipogenesis, and suppression of fatty acid synthase transcription by polyunsaturated fatty acids. (nih.gov)
Pathways2
- To understand early signaling and gene regulation in bystander cells, we used a bio-informatics approach, measuring global gene expression at 30 minutes and signaling pathways between 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure to α-particles in IMR-90 fibroblasts. (columbia.edu)
- Expression of this gene is linked to functional networks involving the ribosome and RNA metabolic signaling pathways. (aging-us.com)
Genetic3
- Third, among risk SNPs identified as both eQTLs and meQTLs, mediation analyses suggest that over two-thirds have evidence of a causal role for DNA methylation, mostly mediating genetic influence on gene expression. (nih.gov)
- Irrespective of genetic background, mbk-1 regulated genes were enriched for functions in biological processes related to organic acid metabolism and pathogen defense. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conversely, mbk-1 dependent expression patterns of selected pathogen resistance genes, including asp-12 , dod-24 and drd-50 , differed across the genetic backgrounds examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Influence on gene expression1
- Name one neural or endocrine pathway that can mediate social influence on gene expression. (nih.gov)
Differentiation3
- Deciphering such regulation is the key to understanding the commitment and differentiation of blood cells. (nih.gov)
- LDB1 deficiency also affected erythrocyte differentiation after ESCs transitioned to embryoid bodies, as indicated by decreased expression of Ter119 and CD71 markers. (nih.gov)
- Transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulated expression of Lin28b, a gene typically suppressed during erythroid progenitor differentiation and loss of self-renewal capacity. (nih.gov)
Roles5
- His group studies the roles of a small family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins, exemplified by tristetraprolin or TTP, in the physiological regulation of mRNA turnover and translation. (nih.gov)
- This program announcement, Nutrient Influence on Gene Regulation and Expression, is related to the priority areas focusing on the roles of specific dietary factors in the etiology and prevention of chronic diseases and obesity. (nih.gov)
- Our research team is dedicated to understanding the roles of CDK12, CDK11, and other transcriptional kinases in the regulation of gene expression and their targeting in human diseases, particularly cancer. (timeshighereducation.com)
- Our work reveals previously unknown roles of C. elegans mbk-1 in the regulation of fatty acid desaturase- and H 2 S metabolic-genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- With the new and developing understanding of non-coding RNAs' roles in gene expression regulation, we can modify the central dogma of biology. (nih.gov)
Protein expression2
MRNA expression2
- Total aromatase mRNA expression in the pituitary varied significantly during the estrous cycle, with the highest level occurring on the day of metestrus. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- These results suggest that pituitary aromatase mRNA expression is downregulated by estrogens. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Methylation4
- DNA methylation and cis-regulation of gene expression by prostate cancer risk SNPs. (nih.gov)
- The role of DNA methylation in eQTL regulation of gene expression was investigated by data triangulation using several causal inference approaches, including a proposed adaptation of the Causal Inference Test (CIT) for causal direction. (nih.gov)
- Finally, our mediation analyses illuminate the likely intermediary role of CpG methylation in eQTL regulation of gene expression. (nih.gov)
- Methylation in the promoter of C/EBP α gene was detected by MALDI TOF MassARRAY. (biomedcentral.com)
MiRNAs3
- miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs are newfound types of non-coding RNAs that are shedding light on the regulation of gene expression. (nih.gov)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were the first group of non-coding RNA molecules to be extensively studied regarding gene expression regulation. (nih.gov)
- Gene enrichment analysis examined target networks of kinases, miRNAs and transcription factors. (aging-us.com)
Embryonic1
- Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated LDB1-deleted mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to investigate LDB1's role in erythropoiesis. (nih.gov)
Caenorhabditis2
- Here, we uncoupled X chromosome dose from sex-specific gene regulation in Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the effect of each on X expression. (umn.edu)
- Kramer, M , Rao, P & Ercan, S 2016, ' Untangling the contributions of sex-specific gene regulation and x-chromosome dosage to sex-biased gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans ', Genetics , vol. 204, no. 1, pp. 355-369. (umn.edu)
Mutation1
- To determine the function(s) of the PB2 protein of influenza A virus, six temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) virus, each carrying a ts mutation in the PB2 gene, were analysed for virus RNA and protein synthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Induces1
- We proposed a network model where the observed decrease in phosphorylation of β-catenin protein after GSK3β dependent inactivation can trigger target gene expression at later times after radiation exposure These results are the first to show that the radiation induced bystander signal induces a widespread gene expression response at 30 minutes after treatment and these changes are accompanied by modification of signaling proteins in the PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway. (columbia.edu)
Proteins2
- A growing mouse oocyte, arrested at diplotene of its first meiotic prophase, transcribes and translates many of its own genes, thereby producing a store of proteins sufficient to support development to the 8-cell stage. (nih.gov)
- To determine the degree of co-expression of GABA and Ach handling proteins , we measured expression in adult mice of Slc32a1, Gad1 and Gad2 (which encode GAD67 and GAD65, respectively, the GABA synthetic enzymes ) in cholinergic neurons using fluorescent in situ hybridization . (bvsalud.org)
Laboratory2
- is head of the Post-Transcriptional Gene Expression Group and holds a secondary appointment in the NIEHS Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory . (nih.gov)
- Language: English / Format: Text / Subject: Mutagenesis and Gene Expression Regulation / Genre: Articles / Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. (nih.gov)
Quantitative1
- Control of influenza virus gene expression: quantitative analysis of each viral RNA species in infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Antagonists2
- To compare gene expression and regulation of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonists follistatin, gremlin, chordin and noggin in human normal and osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
- IL-13, dexamethasone, transforming growth factor beta1, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor BB and epidermal growth factor down-regulated the expression of both antagonists. (biomedcentral.com)
Biology1
- The RNA biology field has turned much of its attention to exciting and promising non-coding RNA research, highlighting RNA's role in regulating gene expression. (nih.gov)
Inactivation1
- C/EBPα gene as a lung tumor suppressor was demonstrated: loss of C/EBPα expression through p38α inactivation led to tumor promotion and progression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice3
- Transgene expression suggests that nearly all forebrain cholinergic neurons in mice at some point in development express Slc32a1, which encodes the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). (bvsalud.org)
- By measuring expression of Slc32a1, Gad1, Gad2, and Chat in the basal forebrain and medial septum in mice from post-natal day 0 to 28, we noted abundant yet variable expressions of GABAergic markers across early development, which are subsequently downregulated in adulthood. (bvsalud.org)
- Regarding gene-environment interactions, a key aspect of psychiatric disorders, our serotonin transporter (5-HTT) mutant mice provide invaluable tools. (edu.au)
Basal1
- Basal and induced gene expression was determined using real-time PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor2
- DNA tumor viruses : control of gene expression and replication / edited by Michael Botchan, Terri Grodzicker, Phillip A. Sharp. (who.int)
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma stimulated follistatin expression, but downregulated gremlin. (biomedcentral.com)
Locus1
- In erythropoiesis, the activation of the β-globin gene relies on the LDB1 complex, which enables interaction with the distant locus control region (LCR) enhancer. (nih.gov)
Dosage5
- The relationship between X chromosome dosage compensation and sex-biased gene expression remains largely unexplored. (umn.edu)
- In early embryogenesis, when dosage compensation is not yet fully active, X chromosome dose drives the hermaphrodite-biased expression of many X-linked genes, including several genes that were shown to be responsible for hermaphrodite fate. (umn.edu)
- A similar effect is seen in the C. elegans germline, where X chromosome dose contributes to higher hermaphrodite X expression, suggesting that lack of dosage compensation in the germline may have a role in supporting higher expression of X chromosomal genes with female-biased functions in the gonad. (umn.edu)
- In the soma, dosage compensation effectively balances X expression between the sexes. (umn.edu)
- These results suggest that lack of dosage compensation in different tissues and developmental stages allow X chromosome copy number to contribute to sex-biased gene expression and function. (umn.edu)
Complexity1
- Eight to 10 hours later during G2-phase of 2-cell embryos,expression of zygotic genes increases in both amount and complexity. (nih.gov)
Abnormal2
- It is expected that regardless of approach, all studies will be focused on normal and/or abnormal control of gene regulation and expression. (nih.gov)
- Abnormal RBM8A expression is associated with carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Immunohistochemistry1
- Immunohistochemistry studies in the rat have shown that pituitary aromatase expression is sex-dependent and varies across the estrous cycle, suggesting that estrogens might be involved in the regulation of aromatase activity and might act locally as a paracrine or autocrine factor in the pituitary. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Interactions1
- This announcement is intended to stimulate research on dietary factors and related metabolic interactions that have direct or indirect nutrient influence on specific gene regulation and expression. (nih.gov)
Induction1
- There was an increased response of this set of genes 30 minutes after treatment and another wave of induction at 4 hours. (columbia.edu)
Synthesis1
- The ts + revertants of ICRC27 did not exhibit the ts defects and also lost most of the non-ts phenotypes at 34 °C. These observations indicate that the PB2 protein participates not only in the synthesis of viral RNAs, but also in the regulation of viral gene expression, i.e. in the down-regulation of the three polymerase genes and the up-regulation of the HA gene during secondary transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Reveals1
- Our results demonstrate that data mining efficiently reveals information about RBM8A expression and potential regulatory networks in HCC, laying a foundation for further study of the role of RBM8A in carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
Control2
Transcription factors2
- It regulates many haematopoietic genes and interacts with a number of other transcription factors. (nih.gov)
- Knocking out LDB1 significantly reduced the levels of key transcription factors involved in stem cell regulation, including Sox2, Oct4, and KLF4, and revealed an interaction between LDB1 and KLF4. (nih.gov)
Pattern1
- Production of follistatin protein paralleled the gene expression pattern. (biomedcentral.com)
MRNAs1
- Gene expression in Kinetoplastids is very unusual in that the open reading frames are arranged in long polycistronic arrays, monocistronic mRNAs being created by post-transcriptional processing. (bgu.ac.il)
Extent1
- Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript. (yeastrc.org)
Results2
- These results suggest that expression of GABA signaling machinery in the cortically-projecting cholinergic system peaks during early development before settling at a non-zero level that is maintained through adulthood. (bvsalud.org)
- Our results indicate that reduced C/EBP α gene expression may play a role in the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation3
- The Vibrio cholerae master regulator for the activation of biofilm biogenesis genes, VpsR, senses both cyclic di-GMP and phosphate. (nih.gov)
- Conformational change of the Bordetella response regulator BvgA accompanies its activation of the B. pertussis virulence gene fhaB. (nih.gov)
- IEGs include classes of low expression genes that can become very highly induced within seconds or minutes of activation by endogenous or exogenous stimuli. (nih.gov)
Cancer2
- In summary, we provide a comprehensive catalog of eQTLs, meQTLs and putative cancer genes for known PrCa risk SNPs. (nih.gov)
- However, the role of C/EBP α gene in cervical cancer is still not clear. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific6
- The second phase of ZGA is specific for a subset of zygotic genes. (nih.gov)
- The Lim domain binding protein 1 (LDB1) is essential for cell identity determination and cell-specific gene expression regulation through promoter-enhancer looping. (nih.gov)
- Scientists working on projects requiring modulation of specific gene expression can use non-coding RNAs as powerful tools to achieve gene knockdowns. (nih.gov)
- Data suggest that follistatin and gremlin expression is timed with specific stages in the progression of OA. (biomedcentral.com)
- As a result, somatic sex-biased expression is almost entirely due to sex-specific gene regulation. (umn.edu)
- The review documents some contrasting effects of these classes of drugs on gene expression and indicates that further studies are necessary to identify the specific effects of each drug class when trying to predict clinical responses to therapeutic agents. (nih.gov)
Research1
- Recent research has discovered that socio-environmental conditions may have an effect on human gene expression. (nih.gov)
Cell5
- Formation of a mouse 2-cell embryo marks the transition from maternal to zygotic gene dependence. (nih.gov)
- Transcription of endogenous genes also has been detected in late 1-cell mouse embryos where it begins at the end of S-phase. (nih.gov)
- We investigated the expression of C/EBP α gene in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
- C/EBPα expression in HeLa cells was examined and HeLa cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and HeLa cells migration was analyzed by matrigel-coated transwell migration assays. (biomedcentral.com)
- We show here that C/EBP α gene is also down-regulated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Bone1
- Bone-forming activity and ER-subtype specificity were investigated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in hFOB/ERα cells and regulation of gene transcription for AP, interleukin-6, pS2 and von Willebrand factor (VWF) in U-2 OS/ERα and U-2 OS/ERβ cells. (elsevier.com)