Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Gene Expression Regulation, Plant: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Transcriptome: The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Microarray Analysis: The simultaneous analysis, on a microchip, of multiple samples or targets arranged in an array format.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Expressed Sequence Tags: Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Genes, Plant: The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.Plant Proteins: Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.Mice, Inbred C57BLDNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Gene Regulatory Networks: Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Genomics: The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Organ Specificity: Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.Microdissection: The performance of dissections with the aid of a microscope.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Gene Library: A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Arabidopsis: A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Databases, Genetic: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.Oryza sativa: Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.Molecular Sequence Annotation: The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Toxicogenetics: The study of existing genetic knowledge, and the generation of new genetic data, to understand and thus avoid DRUG TOXICITY and adverse effects from toxic substances from the environment.Blotting, Northern: Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Homeodomain Proteins: Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).Stress, Physiological: The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.Models, Genetic: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Genes, Reporter: Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.RNA, Plant: Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.Gene Ontology: Sets of structured vocabularies used for describing and categorizing genes, and gene products by their molecular function, involvement in biological processes, and cellular location. These vocabularies and their associations to genes and gene products (Gene Ontology annotations) are generated and curated by the Gene Ontology Consortium.Repressor Proteins: Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Sequence Analysis, RNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an RNA SEQUENCE.Zebrafish: An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Genome: The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Tissue Fixation: The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Flowers: The reproductive organs of plants.Transcriptional Activation: Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.Principal Component Analysis: Mathematical procedure that transforms a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Reference Standards: A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.Arabidopsis Proteins: Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.Genes, Neoplasm: Genes whose abnormal expression, or MUTATION are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS.Plant Roots: The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Genome, Human: The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Genome, Plant: The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Metabolic Networks and Pathways: Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Cell Lineage: The developmental history of specific differentiated cell types as traced back to the original STEM CELLS in the embryo.Embryo, Nonmammalian: The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.RNA, Neoplasm: RNA present in neoplastic tissue.Embryo, Mammalian: The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.Epigenesis, Genetic: A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Formaldehyde: A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.Embryonic Stem Cells: Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Lasers: An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.Histones: Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.Genome-Wide Association Study: An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.Genetic Markers: A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Plant Diseases: Diseases of plants.Green Fluorescent Proteins: Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.Fixatives: Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.Zebrafish Proteins: Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing: Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.Cell Culture Techniques: Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.Gene Dosage: The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Single-Cell Analysis: Assaying the products of or monitoring various biochemical processes and reactions in an individual cell.Paraffin Embedding: The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Laser Capture Microdissection: Techniques using a laser to cut away and harvest a specific cell or cluster of cells from a tissue section while viewing it under the microscope.Evolution, Molecular: The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.DNA, Plant: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Gene Knockdown Techniques: The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.Plant Growth Regulators: Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.Proteins: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors: A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.NF-kappa B: Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.Embryonic Development: Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Hepatocytes: The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.Conserved Sequence: A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.Oxidative Stress: A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).Nerve Tissue ProteinsFish Proteins: Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).Kashin-Beck Disease: Disabling osteochondrodysplasia with OSTEOSCLEROSIS, cone-shaped METAPHYSIS, and shortening of the DIAPHYSIS. It is endemic in parts of Siberia and northern China. Mineral deficiencies (e.g., selenium, iodine), fungal cereal contamination, and water contamination may be contributing factors in its etiology.Wnt Proteins: Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Tissue Distribution: Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Dissection: The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.Adaptation, Physiological: The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.Chromatin: The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.Protein Isoforms: Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Testis: The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.Alternative Splicing: A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.Luciferases: Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.Exons: The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.Extracellular Matrix Proteins: Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).Mice, Inbred BALB CHost-Pathogen Interactions: The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.Cell SeparationOligonucleotide Probes: Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.Cold Temperature: An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Quantitative Trait Loci: Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.Tissue Embedding: The technique of placing cells or tissue in a supporting medium so that thin sections can be cut using a microtome. The medium can be paraffin wax (PARAFFIN EMBEDDING) or plastics (PLASTIC EMBEDDING) such as epoxy resins.Proteome: The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Regeneration: The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.Mice, SCID: Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Muller's ratchetChiara Boschetti; Adrian Carr; Alastair Cris (November 15, 2012). "Biochemical Diversification through Foreign Gene Expression ... Freeman, Scott; Herron, Jon C (2007). Evolutionary Analysis, 4th edition. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings. pp. 308-309. ISBN 0 ... However, rotifers were found to possess a substantial amount of foreign genes from possible horizontal gene transfer events. ... can also be caused by direct selection to get rid of genes that have become unnecessary. Therefore, a smaller genome is not a ...
Statistical Analysis of Gene Expression Microarray Data. Wiley-Blackwell.. *^ Terry Speed (2003). Microarray Gene Expression ... Expression data[edit]. Studies for differential expression of genes from RNA-Seq data, as for RT-qPCR and microarrays, demands ... For example, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) considers the perturbation of whole (functionally related) gene sets rather ... "Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles". Proceedings of the ...
"Analysis of microarray experiments of gene expression profiling". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 195 (2): 373- ... Genetics attempts to predict how mutations, individual genes and genetic interactions can affect the expression of a phenotype ... The procedure is commonly used to study when and how much gene expression is occurring by measuring how much of that RNA is ... A variation of this technique allows the gene expression of an organism at a particular stage in development to be qualified ( ...
... by mutations in the MECP2 gene despite no large-scale changes in expression of MeCP2 being found in microarray analyses. BDNF ... Morris KL (2008). "Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression". RNA and the Regulation of Gene Expression: A Hidden Layer of ... They control gene expression including virulence genes in pathogens and are viewed as new targets in the fight against drug- ... There are several layers of regulation of gene expression. One way that genes are regulated is through the remodeling of ...
"Ingenuity IPA Software - Pathway Analysis, miRNA, NGS, RNA-Seq, Microarrays, Gene Expression, Biomarkers". Ingenuity Systems. ... "Sigma-Aldrich Launches Your Favorite Gene Powered by Ingenuity, Sigma-Aldrich Co" (Press release). Sigma-Aldrich Co., Inc. ... IPA also lets researchers search for information on genes, proteins, chemicals, drugs, and reagents. Resulting information can ... "The Return on Investment for Ingenuity Pathways Analysis within the Pharmaceutical Value Chain", Zimmerman, Reeve, and Golden, ...
"Chromosomal mapping to 15q14 and expression analysis of the human MEIS2 homeobox gene". Mamm Genome. 8 (12): 951-2. doi:10.1007 ... This article on a gene on human chromosome 15 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Gene ontology. Molecular function. • sequence-specific DNA binding. • transcription corepressor activity. • transcription ... Homeobox protein Meis2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEIS2 gene.[5][6] ...
"Repeatability of published microarray gene expression analyses". Nature Genetics. 41 (2): 149-155. doi:10.1038/ng.295. PMID ... The set of available tools has been greatly expanded over the years and Galaxy is now also used for gene expression, genome ... Workflows Workflows are computational analyses that specify all the steps (and parameters) in the analysis, but none of the ... "A framework for collaborative analysis of ENCODE data: Making large-scale analyses biologist-friendly". Genome Research. 17 (6 ...
According to Scopus the most cited ones are: Ramoni M.F.; Sebastiani P.; Kohane I.S. "Cluster analysis of gene expression ... "Human longevity and common variations in the LMNA gene: a meta-analysis". Aging Cell. 11: 475-481. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012 ... The corrected version was published in PLOS ONE, and several of the genes found associated with exceptional human longevity ... how an accurate risk prediction model of a complex genetic trait that is modulated by several interacting genes can be built ...
Knowledge-based analysis of microarray gene expression data by using support vector machinesEdit. *MP Brown ... Description: The first application of supervised learning to gene expression data, in particular Support Vector Machines. The ... IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1984. Description: introduced 1) MRFs for image analysis 2) the ... Recursive functions of symbolic expressions and their computation by machine, part I[7]Edit. *John McCarthy. ...
Quantitative trait locus which relates gene expression to genotypes. Genetic analysis of gene expression. Characterization of ... Nolan, Rebecca (April 15, 2002). "Liquor Remains Scarce on Sundays in Eugene, Ore., Area". The Register-Guard. Retrieved 2008- ... Massive search strategy for ethanol-related genes. Genetic models of variation in impulsivity and alcoholism. Genetics of ...
Gene Ontology analysis and annotation; Normal tissue expression of interferon regulated genes; Regulatory analysis of ... Interferome comprises the following data sets: Gene expression data of interferon regulated genes from Homo sapiens, Mus ... Interferome is an online bioinformatics database of interferon-regulated genes (IRGs). These Interferon Regulated Genes are ... regulated genes and is regularly updated. It is used by the interferon and cytokine research community both as an analysis tool ...
"Revisiting global gene expression analysis". Cell. 151 (3): 476-82. PMID 23101621. Lin, CY; Lovén, J; Rahl, PB; Paranal, RM; ... Commonly used gene expression experiments interrogate the expression of one (qPCR) or many (microarray, RNA-Seq) genes. These ... Gene expression is regulated by numerous types of proteins that directly or indirectly influence transcription by RNA ... molecules from expressed genes are increased during disease, development, or in response to stimuli. At the subset of genes ...
Velculescu VE, Zhang L, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (1995). "Serial analysis of gene expression". Science. 270 (5235): 484-7. doi: ... 2002). "Mutation screening and imprinting analysis of four candidate genes for autism in the 7q32 region". Mol. Psychiatry. 7 ( ... Carboxypeptidase A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPA1 gene. Three different forms of human pancreatic ... 1986). "Assignment of the gene for carboxypeptidase A to human chromosome 7q22----qter and to mouse chromosome 6". Hum. Genet. ...
"Cap analysis gene expression for high-throughput analysis of transcriptional starting point and identification of promoter ... Gene expression is measured against defined standards both for the gene of interest and control genes. The measurement by qPCR ... a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data". Bioinformatics. 26 (1): 139-40. ... The Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) method is a variant of SAGE that sequences tags from the 5' end of an mRNA ...
Dansen TB, Kops GJ, Denis S, et al., Regulation of sterol carrier protein gene expression by the forkhead transcription factor ... Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al., The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6., in Nature, vol. 425, nº 6960, ... Entrez Gene: FOXO3A forkhead box O3A, su ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.. *^ Brunet A, Bonni A, Zigmond MJ, Lin MZ, Juo P, Hu LS, Anderson MJ ... Gene · Codice genetico · Allele · Locus · Ereditarietà · Diversità genetica · Mutazione. Campi della genetica. Genetica formale ...
Brain Gene Expression Analyses in Social Insects". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 74: 419-426. doi: ... "Differential gene expression and protein abundance evince ontogenetic bias toward castes in a primitively eusocial wasp". PLOS ... the differential expression in Polistes of larval genes and proteins (also differentially expressed during queen versus caste ... After the gene-centered view of evolution was developed in the mid 1970s, non-reproductive individuals were seen as an extended ...
"Analysis of CD97 expression and manipulation: antibody treatment but not gene targeting curtails granulocyte migration". ... In pre-active lesion, increased expression of CD55 in endothelial cells and robust CD97 expression on infiltrating leukocytes ... Cluster of differentiation 97 is a protein also known as BL-Ac[F2] encoded by the ADGRE5 gene.[5][6][7][8] CD97 is a member of ... cytosolic β-catenin moves into the nucleus to facilitate expression of pro-oncogenic genes.[53][54] Because of its role in ...
Using the entire read may introduce artifacts in the downstream analyses like genome assembly, snp calling, or gene expression ... "Gene expression analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays". Nature Biotechnology. Nature ... In the case of MPSS, these were typically used for sequencing cDNA for measurements of gene expression levels.[39] ... The chemical synthesis and sequence analysis of a dodecadeoxynucleotide which binds to the endolysin gene of bacteriophage ...
"Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in neuroblastomas detected by mass screening". Cancer Lett. 225 (1): 111-20. doi: ... Using gene set enrichment analysis, 569 out of 938 gene sets were hypermethylated and 369 were hypomethylated in cancers.[22] ... This observation led to the speculation that methylation of CpG sites in the promoter of a gene may inhibit gene expression. ... of far more genes than does mutation.. DNA repair genes with hyper/hypo-methylated promoters in cancers[edit]. DNA repair genes ...
Thisse high-throughput gene expression analysis). Information in ZFIN is tightly linked to the web resources of the Zebrafish ... Gene product, gene expression, and phenotype data are annotated with terms from biomedical ontologies. ZFIN is based at the ... The Zebrafish Database Project B. Thisse and C. Thisse (2004). "Fast release clones: a high throughput expression analysis". ... and clones Gene expression Antibodies Sequence alignments (BLAST) Mutants and transgenic lines Anatomy Genetic maps ZFIN also ...
Facilitating web-based gene-expression analysis. Plant Physiology 141(4):1164-6 Laule O, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Hruz T, Gruissem W ... BMC Bioinformatics 7:311 Zimmermann P, Hennig L and W Gruissem (2005) Gene expression analysis and network discovery using ... Spatiotemporal gene expression Prasad A, Suresh Kumar S, Dessimoz C, Bleuler S, Laule O, Hruz T, Gruissem W, and P Zimmermann ( ... find conditions that are relevant for your genes of interest GENE SEARCH tools: find genes that are specifically expressed in ...
... serial analysis of gene expression), a gene expression technology for the global and quantitative measurement of gene activity ... Serial analysis of gene expression [2]. Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):484-7. PMID 7570003 Velculescu VE, Zhang L, Zhou W, ... provided some of the first insights into gene expression patterns in eukaryotic cells and the identification of gene expression ... These studies led Velculescu to coin the term transcriptome in a 1997 paper to describe the comprehensive gene expression ...
2006). "Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of human agmatinase". Acta Crystallogr. ... Chen FW, Davies JP, Ioannou YA (1998). "Differential gene expression in apoptosis: identification of ribosomal protein 23K, a ... In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the AGMAT gene. As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, ... "Entrez Gene: AGMAT agmatine ureohydrolase (agmatinase)". Morris SM (2004). "Vertebrate agmatinases: what role do they play in ...
"Comparative sequence and expression analyses of four mammalian VPS4 genes". Gene. 305 (1): 47-59. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02) ... and functional expression of the Mus musculus SKD1 gene in yeast demonstrates that the mouse SKD1 and the yeast VPS4 genes are ... The gene encoding this paralog has been mapped to chromosome 16; the gene for the other resides on chromosome 18. VPS4A has ... "Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci ...
1 May 1996). "Analysis of Hox gene expression in the chick limb bud". Development. 122 (5): 1449-66. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID ... This leads to activation of other genes such as Hox genes, FGF genes and BMP genes in the posterior region, setting up digit ... Three phases of activation of the Hox genes results in patterning of the limb parallel to the expression of the Hox genes in a ... Activation of these genes results in a new limb axis that ultimately results in digit development, possibly interpreting gene ...
基因劑量（Gene dosage）會對人類的表現型產生龐大的影響，對於染色體中造成疾病的複寫、省略與分裂等現象的形成擁有一定的角色。例如唐氏症患者（21號染色體為三體）有較高的比率得到阿茲海默症，可能是因為與阿茲海默症有關的類澱粉前趨蛋白基因（位在21號 ... 人類基因組含有許多不同的調控序列，
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveal gene clusters and pathways related to rumen development in calves -...Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveal gene clusters and pathways related to rumen development in calves. Do D.N ... Gene co-expression network analysis of transcriptome data has enabled the identification of key genes and important networks ... Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveal gene clusters and pathways related to rumen development in calves. ... This study used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) approach to (1) detect modules or clusters of ...
Catalase and Metallothionein genes expression analysis in wheat cultivars under drought stress conditionReal time PCR analysis showed different expression pattern for catalase and metallothionein encoded genes. Catalase gene ... Metallothionein gene expression was linearly reduced during different levels of drought treatments especially in Zagros and ... In this research the gene expression pattern of Catalase and Metallothionein was studied in response to drought stress ... Whereas, Moghan cultivar showed most transcription for both genes at -8 bar treatment. Overall gene activities, content of ...
Therefore, tag-based gene expression profiling also called "digital gene expression profiling" (DGE) can today provide most ... Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a transcriptomic technique used by molecular biologists to produce a snapshot of ... 1995). "Serial analysis of gene expression". Science. 270 (5235): 484-7. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..484V. doi:10.1126/science. ... "Gene expression analysis of plant host-pathogen interactions by SuperSAGE". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ...
Revisiting global gene expression analysis. - PubMed - NCBIRevisiting global gene expression analysis.. Lovén J1, Orlando DA, Sigova AA, Lin CY, Rahl PB, Burge CB, Levens DL, Lee TI, ... Gene expression analysis is a widely used and powerful method for investigating the transcriptional behavior of biological ... A) Schematic representation of pattern of change in gene expression when levels of total RNA in the two cells is similar. The ... The data represent fold-change of expression in high-Myc vs. low-Myc cells. Each line represents data for an individual gene. ...
Phase-shifted Analysis of Gene Expression (PAGE)... * Biostatistics & Computational Biology * Phase-shifted Analysis of Gene ... Phase-shifted Analysis of Gene Expression (PAGE). Overview. PAGE is a Java-based software for phase-shifted analysis of gene ... Phase 1: Gene expression pattern matrix transformation into -1,0,1 to indicate the direction of expression change from each ... to analyze gene expression from multiple biological conditions across dose and time series experiments. Grouping of gene ...
Detecting MicroRNA Signatures Using Gene Expression Analysis | SpringerLinkDongen S.., Enright A.J. (2014) Detecting MicroRNA Signatures Using Gene Expression Analysis. In: Kasabov N. (eds) Springer ... Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles, Proc. Natl. Acad. ... In cases where gene or protein expression data are available, it is possible to detect the signature of miRNA binding events by ... Gene Ontology Gene List miRNA Target Seed Region Hypergeometric Distribution These keywords were added by machine and not by ...
Spatially Resolved Gene Expression Analysis | KTHimport url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:200,300,400,500,600);.t1{font-family:"Open Sans",Arial,"Helvetica Neue",helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:600;color:#000;line-height:1.3125}@media (min-width: 768px){.t1{font-size:2.75rem}}.t2{font-family:"Open Sans",Arial,"Helvetica Neue",helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.625rem;font-weight:600;color:#000;line-height:1.3475}@media (min-width: 768px){.t2{font-size:1.875rem}}.t3{font-family:"Open Sans",Arial,"Helvetica Neue",helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;color:#000;line-height:1.375}.t4{font-family:"Open Sans",Arial,"Helvetica Neue",helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600;color:#000;line-height:1.375}.t24{font-family:"Open Sans",Arial,"Helvetica Neue",helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600;color:#000;line-height:1.3125}@media (min-width: 768px){.t24{font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:400}}.t10{font-family:"Open Sans",Arial,"Helvetica ...
Droplet Digital™ PCR for Gene Expression and MicroRNA Analysis - YouTube... the technology and discuss how ddPCR assays can complement existing techniques in gene expression studies and microRNA analysis ... Droplet Digital™ PCR for Gene Copy Number Variation - Duration: 50:53. Bio-Rad Laboratories 5,642 views ...
Genome-wide analysis of gene expression - Latest research and news | NatureGenome-wide analysis of gene expression. Definition. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression is the study of transcription at a ... Nucleotide substitution rates of diatom plastid encoded protein genes are positively correlated with genome architecture *Yan ... Comparative clinical and genomic analysis of neurofibromatosis type 2-associated cranial and spinal meningiomas *Alexander ... Typically relying on data from microarrays or high throughput sequencing, it can determine what genes or transcript isoforms ...
DIY admixture analysis - Gene ExpressionGene Expression. This blog is about evolution, genetics, genomics and their interstices. Please beware that comments are ... It gave me ather different results from what I got from Zacks analysis. For example, on HAP South Asian + Onge was 42%, while ... Dienekes Pontikos has just released DIY Dodecad, a DIY admixture analysis program. You can download the files yourself. It runs ... DIY admixture analysis. By Razib Khan , July 27, 2011 11:24 am ... Narrow Roads of Gene Land 3. *Natural Selection and Social ...
An analysis of post-mortem brain transcripts led to Alzheimers-related alternative gene splicing and expression events, ... Science Finds Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Mammals, More. In Science this week: comparative analysis of sex differences in ... Transcriptome Analyses Link Alzheimers Disease With Brain Gene Splicing, Expression. Oct 08, 2018 ... Gene Variants Possible Role. An Australian mothers conviction in the deaths of her children may be re-examined after finding ...
Analysis of meniscal degeneration and meniscal gene expression.. Sun Y1, Mauerhan DR, Honeycutt PR, Kneisl JS, Norton JH, ... Investigation of the gene expression profiles of OA meniscal cells may reveal new therapeutic targets for OA therapy and also ... Differential gene expression in OA meniscal cells and normal meniscal cells was examined using Affymetrix microarray and real ... This study sought: 1) to determine the prevalence of meniscal degeneration in OA patients, and 2) to examine gene expression in ...
Global Analysis of Cell Type-Specific Gene ExpressionOpen Access journal that publishes research articles as well as review articles in all areas of genome-scale analysis. Topics ... Global Analysis of Cell Type-Specific Gene Expression. David W. Galbraith University of Arizona, Department of Plant Sciences, ... David W. Galbraith, "Global Analysis of Cell Type-Specific Gene Expression," Comparative and Functional Genomics, vol. 4, no. 2 ...
Introduction - Gene Expression Analysis I | CourseraWhen and where genes are expressed (active) in tissues or cells is one of the main determinants of what makes that tissue or ... Gene Expression Analysis I. When and where genes are expressed (active) in tissues or cells is one of the main determinants of ... Topics covered include multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetics, gene expression data analysis, and protein interaction ... Several different methods exist for generating gene expression levels for all of the genes in the genome in tissues or even at ...
When and where genes are expressed (active) in tissues or cells is one of the main determinants of what makes that tissue or ... Gene Expression Analysis II. When and where genes are expressed (active) in tissues or cells is one of the main determinants of ... Now, in todays lab were exploring gene expression data in a manner where we can leverage large data sets of gene expression ... is we can do a co-expression analysis and ask what are the genes that show similar patterns of expression in these large data ...
... Mones Abu-Asab,1 Ming Zhang,2 Dennis ... "Endometriosis Gene Expression Heterogeneity and Biosignature: A Phylogenetic Analysis," Obstetrics and Gynecology International ...
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Computational-biology] Bioinformatics for gene expression analysisNew developments in the high-throughput methods for gene expression analysis bring new challenges in data analysis and ... Computational-biology] Bioinformatics for gene expression analysis. Heather Vincent via comp-bio%40net.bio.net (by Heather. ... Moving beyond the pre-processing steps, biological understanding requires the integration of expression data with other types ... and will also be introduced to the most recent methods for transcriptome analysis. For those interested in learning about data ...
Analysis of large-scale gene expression data... such that the bottleneck in research is shifting from data generation to data analysis. Hierarchical clustering, divisive ... Analysis of large-scale gene expression data Curr Opin Immunol. 2000 Apr;12(2):201-5. doi: 10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00074-6. ... such that the bottleneck in research is shifting from data generation to data analysis. Hierarchical clustering, divisive ...
... howard judelson judelson at ucrac1.ucr.edu Sat Aug 8 17:07:31 ... expression analysis, and gene characterization; experience in such areas would be a plus but is not required. Riverside is ... These include the positional cloning of fungicide resistance genes, the characterization of genes involved in sexual ... development and sporulation, and comparative studies of the structure and expression of mating type loci throughout the genus. ...
... coupled with data analysis using sophisticated statistical algorithms, have provided new insights into pathogenic mechanisms of ... Recent advances in the study of global patterns of gene expression with the use of microarray technology, ... Microarray analysis of gene expression in lupus Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5(6):279-87. doi: 10.1186/ar1015. Epub 2003 Oct 13. ... Although some patterns of gene expression, including increased expression of immune system cell surface activation molecules, ...
MICROARRAY AND GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSISMicroarray gene expression analysis is high-throughput method in which many different sized DNA molecules are attached to solid ... Oligonucleotide array sequence analysis - methods, instrumentation; Gene expression profiling; Genome; Gene expression ... annotation analysis as well as network and pathway analysis. Expression comparison of all genes in different cells of the same ... Microarray gene expression analysis is high-throughput method in which many different sized DNA molecules are attached to solid ...
A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced gene expression in tobacco | PNASA comprehensive analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced gene expression in tobacco. Steven Vandenabeele, Katrien Van Der Kelen, ... A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced gene expression in tobacco. Steven Vandenabeele, Katrien Van Der Kelen, ... A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced gene expression in tobacco Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a ... A comprehensive analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced gene expression in tobacco. Steven Vandenabeele, Katrien Van Der Kelen, ...
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) News, Research - Page 19Scientists have rendered the first gene and protein networks of human aging, an important step in understanding the genetic ... In the first comprehensive survey of gene activity in each cell type composing normal and malignant breast tissue, scientists ... at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have identified genes in non-cancerous supporting cells that can spur the growth of breast ...
Education: Bioinformatics for gene expression analysis - Bioinformatics.orgEducation: Bioinformatics for gene expression analysis. Submitted by Heather Vincent; posted on Tuesday, February 22, 2011 ... The University of Manchesters distance course in microarray data analysis (octette.cs.man.ac.uk/bioi[...].html), which runs ... New developments in the high-throughput methods bring new challenges in data analysis and management. Error models for ... Moving beyond the pre-processing steps, biological understanding requires the integration of expression data with other types ...
Gene expression analysis reveals chemical-specific profiles | RTIPublic and private efforts in the new field of toxicogenomics are focused on populating databases with gene expression profiles ... The application of gene expression profiling technology to examine multiple genes and signaling pathways simultaneously ... 2002). Gene expression analysis reveals chemical-specific profiles. Toxicological Sciences, 67(2), 219-231. ... Patterns of gene expression corresponding to liver tissue derived from chemically exposed rats revealed similarity in gene ...
MRNAPatternsDataSetsOntologyRegulationSerial Analysis oCDNABioinformaticsAnalyzeQuantitativeSignificantly differentially expressed genesSignal transductionEnrichment analysis2002PathwayProfilingPhylogenetic analysesFunctionalIlluminaRegulatoryNovel genesGenome-wide analysisStatisticalCorrelationDifferential gene expressionCellularDifferentially-regulatedQuantifyGlobal gene expression analysis marketSystematicAssaysGenomesOvarianProfiles of genesShifts in expressionLevelsGenomicsEvolutionaryClusters of genes
- Within the organisms, genes are transcribed and spliced (in eukaryotes ) to produce mature mRNA transcripts (red). (wikipedia.org)
- Using sequence databases a researcher can usually determine, with some confidence, from which original mRNA (and therefore which gene ) the tag was extracted. (wikipedia.org)
- Relative mRNA levels for 9 different genes (A-I) are indicated along the y-axis for condition 1 (black) and condition 2 (orange). (nih.gov)
- Gene expression of tissue samples can be quantitatively analyzed by hybridizing fluor-tagged mRNA to targets on a cDNA microarray. (spie.org)
- We observe that the differential expression of mRNA (up or down) can capture at most 40% of the variation of protein expression. (mcponline.org)
- Although the overall pattern of protein expression is similar to that of mRNA expression, the incongruent expression between mRNAs and proteins emphasize the importance of posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms in cellular development or perturbation that can be unveiled only through integrated analyses of both proteins and mRNAs. (mcponline.org)
- Genome-wide mRNA expression profiling by means of DNA microarrays has proven to be a powerful approach in characterizing the changes in biological processes such as disease states, developmental stages, and responses to drugs or genetic perturbations ( 1 ). (mcponline.org)
- While the expression of many genes is controlled at the transcriptional level, other genes also employ posttranscriptional regulation processes involving mRNA stability, translation initiation, and protein stability. (mcponline.org)
- Integrated analyses of mRNA and protein expression data by concurrent measurement of both have revealed moderate to poor correlation in yeast and Halobacteria ( 3 - 5 ). (mcponline.org)
- Discordant expression of protein and mRNA was also observed in lung adenocarcinomas ( 6 ). (mcponline.org)
- Here, we evaluated the correlation of mRNA and protein expression in mammalian systems under two experimental conditions. (mcponline.org)
- In both cases, we observed a moderate correlation between mRNA and protein levels with the expression of mRNA reflecting at most 40% of the variation of protein expression. (mcponline.org)
- This integrated approach not only allows us to identify genes that are regulated at the transcription level, but also unveils important posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms during both hematopoiesis and drug responses that would not be evident by examining either mRNA or protein expression alone. (mcponline.org)
- Here, we combined the unique sample retrieval capacity afforded by laser capture microscopy with analysis of mRNA abundance by CEL-Seq (cell expression by linear amplification and sequencing) to generate a spatiotemporal gene expression map of the Caenorhabditis elegans syncytial germline from adult hermaphrodites and males. (genetics.org)
- In addition, the mRNA sequences do not need to be known a priori, so genes or gene variants which are not known can be discovered. (wikipedia.org)
- The relative number of each cDNA tag reflects the relative abundance of the corresponding mRNA, and hence gene expression. (studentdoctor.net)
- We have identified a set of genes differentially expressed in livers between these two breeds by the mRNA differential display technique (DDRT-PCR) which was first reported by Liang and Pardee (1992) as a fast and efficient method for investigating differences in gene expression. (thefreelibrary.com)
- The result, confirming earlier mRNA population analyses, indicated that the poly(A) RNA of the early embryo consists mainly of a very complex set of low-copy-number transcripts. (biologists.org)
- Pre-mRNA splicing is a critical step in eukaryotic gene expression that contributes to proteomic, cellular, and developmental complexity. (g3journal.org)
- TopHat and Cufflinks are free, open-source software tools for gene discovery and comprehensive expression analysis of high-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. (broadinstitute.org)
- Expression pattern analysis by QRT-PCR provided evidence indicating that the mRNA of six RS genes were primarily expressed in the peanut shell at different developmental stages with different expression levels, but only lower levels of them were evident in the peanut kernel. (scirp.org)
- The expression of SGLT2 mRNA has been shown to be kidney specific and I have shown that it is differentially expressed in the congenic strain of SP.WKYGla2a versus the parental SHRSPGla. (bl.uk)
- Interestingly, a number of mRNA processing genes are highly regulated in both early development and hypertrophy, suggesting regulation of mRNA processing. (ahajournals.org)
- This is especially true in experiments where mRNA transcripts, known as gene expressions, are measured for thousands of genes simultaneously. (ndsu.edu)
- This study aimed to analyze mRNA expression of selected transporters related to drug disposition and PG transport in normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inflamed rat incisor pulp. (biomedsearch.com)
- The levels of mRNA expression for PG transporters (Oatp1a5, Oatp1b2, Oatp2a1, Oatp2b1, and Oatp3a1) were compared in normal and LPS-inflamed pulps by using real-time PCR. (biomedsearch.com)
- The levels of mRNA expression for PG transporters were significantly up-regulated or down-regulated in LPS-inflamed dental pulp. (biomedsearch.com)
- Grouping of gene expression patterns is performed in q-intervals of the measurements using phase-shifts to find clusters of genes which share trends of expression profiles within the dataset. (nih.gov)
- The patterns and genes within the q-Clusters are visualized in trend plots and also compared to determine biological relevance from the gene annotations. (nih.gov)
- PAGE is an interactive tool that uses a line graph to dynamically illustrate the phase-shifted patterns of gene expressions based on the q-Cluster selected by the users. (nih.gov)
- So, what we can do here, is we can do a co-expression analysis and ask what are the genes that show similar patterns of expression in these large data sets that have been generated. (coursera.org)
- also, this idea of grouping genes by patterns of expression is very useful in hierarchical cluster analysis. (coursera.org)
- Recent advances in the study of global patterns of gene expression with the use of microarray technology, coupled with data analysis using sophisticated statistical algorithms, have provided new insights into pathogenic mechanisms of disease. (nih.gov)
- Although some patterns of gene expression, including increased expression of immune system cell surface activation molecules, confirm previous data obtained with other techniques, some novel genes that are differentially expressed have been identified. (nih.gov)
- The principal hypothesis underlying a toxicogenomic or pharmacogenomic strategy is that chemical-specific patterns of altered gene expression will be revealed using high-density microarray analysis of tissues from exposed organisms. (rti.org)
- Analyses of these patterns should allow classification of toxicants and provide important mechanistic insights. (rti.org)
- To develop an algorithm to classify blood RNA gene expression patterns to maximize agreement between the classification and a clinical assessment of presence or absence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Clusters can be treated as sets of genes with similar patterns, and the nested structure enables the multi-level analysis (from global analysis to the analysis of small sets of genes with very similar behavior). (msu.su)
- Use of high throughput, Real Time PCR in P.I.'s research project would be highly helpful in analyzing the gene expression patterns more rapidly. (nova.edu)
- Recent methods for extracting precise measurements ofspatial gene expression patterns from three-dimensional (3D) image dataopens the way for new analysis of the complex gene regulatory networkscontrolling animal development. (unt.edu)
- The recent development of cDNA microarray allows ready access to large amount gene expression patterns for many genetic materials. (spie.org)
- An important issue is the extent to which the changing expression patterns of mRNAs reflect corresponding changes in their cognate proteins. (mcponline.org)
- Discover alternative transcripts, gene fusions, and allele-specific expression patterns with a clear, complete view of the coding transcriptome. (illumina.com)
- To elucidate the functions of OsCCR s, their phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns at the transcription levels and biochemical characteristics were thoroughly analyzed. (frontiersin.org)
- Constant upsurge of experimental data has produced new challenges in terms of maintenance, storage and analysis to derive meaningful patterns. (ssrn.com)
- The C. elegans cell lineage provides a unique opportunity to look at how cell lineage affects patterns of gene expression. (psu.edu)
- We found that over 6000 genes exhibit spatiotemporally dynamic expression patterns throughout the hermaphrodite germline, with two dominant groups of genes exhibiting reciprocal shifts in expression at late pachytene during meiotic prophase I. We found a strong correlation between restricted spatiotemporal expression and known developmental and cellular processes, indicating that these gene expression changes may be an important driver of germ cell progression. (genetics.org)
- Studying the expression patterns of genes is essential for understanding gene function. (diva-portal.org)
- Making the best use of current DNA microarray technology in biomedical research allows us to study patterns of gene expression in given cell types, at given times, and under given set of conditions (Segal 2006). (oreilly.com)
- The most popular approach is to compare expression patterns from a sample representing the condition of interest to the same set of genes from a reference sample, thus relative expression levels between the two populations can be calculated. (bioline.com)
- The approach integrates gene annotations and expression data to discover intrinsic associations among both data sources based on co-occurrence patterns. (csic.es)
- Automatically extracted associations revealed significant relationships among these gene attributes and expression patterns, where many of them are clearly supported by recently reported work. (csic.es)
- This is partly due to difficulties in the accurate analysis of the spatial and temporal expression patterns of snRNAs. (g3journal.org)
- This analysis shows that individual isoforms of each snRNA have distinct expression patterns in the embryo, larva, and pharate adult stages. (g3journal.org)
- In order to provide a reference for understanding the role of the Hox genes in limb patterning, we isolated clones of 23 Hox genes expressed during limb development, characterized their expression patterns and analyzed their regulation by the signalling centers which pattern the limb. (biologists.org)
- however, our study reveals that these genes are expressed in patterns more dynamic and complex than generally appreciated, only transiently approximating simple, concentric, nested domains. (biologists.org)
- Detailed analysis of these patterns suggests that the expression of each of the Hoxa and Hoxd genes is regulated in up to three independent phases. (biologists.org)
- To understand the genesis of the complex patterns of Hox gene expression in the limb bud, we examined the propagation of Hox gene expression relative to cell proliferation. (biologists.org)
- Rather, phase-specific Hox gene expression patterns appear to result from a context-dependent response of the limb mesoderm to Sonic hedgehog. (biologists.org)
- Although we find that Sonic hedgehog is capable of initiating and polarizing Hoxd gene expression during both of the latter two phases of Hox gene expression, the specific patterns induced are not determined by the signal, but depend upon the temporal context of the mesoderm receiving the signal. (biologists.org)
- For statistical analysis, self-organizing map algorithm was performed to identify the expression patterns. (aacrjournals.org)
- Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH et al (1995) Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence. (springer.com)
- Gene expression patterns were evaluated using Sentrix HumanRef-8 Expression BeadChip from Illumina, analysed using GeneSpring GX10 software, and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We focus on the Sylamer algorithm for miRNA seed enrichment analysis and its applications for miRNA target discovery with examples from real biological datasets. (springer.com)
- In this article, four clustering algorithms (K-Means, Hierarchical Clustering, Self-Organizing map (SOM) and DBSCAN) have been studied on Iris flower gene expression datasets. (ssrn.com)
- Using the Treehouse Initiative's framework for comparative RNA sequence analysis of pediatric tumors, each patient's data were compared to a compendium of over 11,000 tumor RNA sequencing samples from public genomic datasets. (ucsc.edu)
- The UCSC team processed all of the RNA sequencing data, from both public datasets and clinical partners, in a uniform way before doing the comparative analyses. (ucsc.edu)
- We will start from the FASTQ files, show how these were quantified to the reference transcripts, and prepare gene-level count datasets for downstream analysis. (bioconductor.org)
- Qlucore Omics Explorer and Genevestigator are complementary tools which, when used together, provide scientists with a range of options from data storage, pre-processing, analysis, interpretation to comparison with public datasets. (scientific-computing.com)
- Specifically, the combination enables users to analyse expression datasets in full detail, characterise gene lists and interpret results in a broad biological context. (scientific-computing.com)
- To extract biological knowledge, and to fully understand such datasets, it is essential to include external biological information about genes and gene products to the analysis of expression data. (csic.es)
- However, most of the current approaches to analyze microarray datasets are mainly focused on the analysis of experimental data, and external biological information is incorporated as a posterior process. (csic.es)
- Hub genes were screened and validated by other datasets. (dovepress.com)
- Very large datasets are generated from these instruments that require efficient computational tools for data mining and analysis. (springer.com)
- For addressing the needs of modeling, simulation and visualization of large and diverse biological datasets from sequence, gene expression and proteomics datasets, "systems biology" (Hood 2003) approaches are being developed for construction of gene regulatory networks (Dojer et al. (springer.com)
- We'll also be exploring some online databases of gene expression and an online tool for doing a Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. (coursera.org)
- this is a system that we'll talk about the Gene Ontology system where we can classify genes and then ask if there's enrichment in certain sets of those genes for any particular biological function. (coursera.org)
- Recent advances in mammalian phenotype annotation such as mammalian phenotype ontology (MPO) enable systematic analysis of the phenotypic spectrum subserved by many genes. (springer.com)
- Get genes in different clusters and perform Gene Ontology analysis. (utsa.edu)
- Gene Ontology analysis recognized 859 genes involved in general biological processes: 529 genes for cellular metabolism, 228 genes for signal transduction, 104 genes for development, 107 genes for immune response, 62 genes for protein localization, 53 genes for programmed cell death, and 5 genes for autophagy. (medsci.org)
- Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). (dovepress.com)
- Clustering analysis of gene expression and analysis of gene sets, such as Gene Ontology (GO) groups, indicated common and distinct regulatory modules for these 3 stages of heart growth. (ahajournals.org)
- Clustering and sequence analysis of 713 differentially expressed transcript fragments revealed a transcriptional response that mimicked that reported during both biotic and abiotic stresses, including the up-regulation of genes involved in the hypersensitive response, vesicular transport, posttranscriptional processes, biosynthesis of ethylene and jasmonic acid, proteolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, and cell death, and was accompanied by a very rapid up-regulation of several signal transduction components. (pnas.org)
- It is geared towards researchers who conduct microarray experiments to study genome-wide expression changes and understand the underlying mechanisms of gene regulation in samples of interest. (bioinformatics.org)
- A particularly notable example is that promoter sequence analysis and real-time PCR assays support the predicted regulation of protein kinase C epsilon ( Prkce ) by cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 ( Creb1 ). (springer.com)
- This screening also identified a group of candidate genes whose ovarian expression and gonadotropin regulation was hitherto unknown. (bioone.org)
- Such studies have revealed a number of differentially-regulated genes associated with COPD progression, which include genes involved in the regulation of inflammation, extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, apoptosis, and stress responses. (harvard.edu)
- The data showed profound changes in CAZyme transcriptomes in different poplar tissues and pointed to some key differences in CAZyme genes and their regulation between herbaceous and woody plants. (plantphysiol.org)
- a woody plant species of commercial value and a tree model species, offer unique opportunities to study CAZyme gene diversity and regulation. (plantphysiol.org)
- Genes enriched in committed progenitors were mostly associated with haematopoietic differentiation, immune regulation, and metabolism 1 . (medsci.org)
- Previous studies of malaria pathogenesis did not shed light on gene regulation mechanisms in respect to erythrocyte development, though some regulatory elements have been proposed 5 . (medsci.org)
- Among those differentially expressed genes we identified up-regulation of the TIAF1 (TGF-[beta]1-induced anti-apoptotic factor 1) gene transcripts in Meishan pigs compared with Large White pigs. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Since the groups joining for this proposal have previously been engaged in the identification and/or mapping of these important clustered genes, it appears appropriate to concentrate European resources for a combined, multidisciplinary effort aiming at a comprehensive characterisation of all known and novel genes residing in region lq21 and their tissue-, developmental-, and differentiation specific regulation. (europa.eu)
- Importantly, comparison of the distributions of Hoxc-6 RNA and protein products reveals posttranscriptional regulation of this gene, suggesting that caution must be exercised in interpreting the functional significance of the RNA distribution of any of the vertebrate Hox genes. (biologists.org)
- Genes, functionally involved in DNA repair, DNA replication and cell cycle arrest were mostly overexpressed, while genes implicated in metabolism (especially lipid metabolism), signal transduction, immune and inflammatory response, transport, transcription regulation and protein biosynthesis, were commonly suppressed following all treatments. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- By contrast, few enzyme-encoding genes (direct regulation) but many ribosomal protein- and tRNA-encoding genes (indirect regulation) are subject to Crp-dependent glucose activation. (asm.org)
- However, no report has focused on genomewide analyses of Crp-mediated catabolite regulation in E. coli . (asm.org)
- Damerval C, Maurice A, Josse JM, de Vienne D (1994) Quantitative trait loci underlying gene product variation: a novel perspective for analyzing regulation of genome expression. (springer.com)
- Here, we present evidence supporting a dynamic transition in H. armigera protease expression on CanPI-7 feeding with general down-regulation of protease genes at early time points (0.5 to 6 h) and significant up-regulation of specific trypsin, chymotrypsin and aminopeptidase genes at later time points (12 to 48 h). (mcponline.org)
- Serial Analysis of Gene Expression ( SAGE ) is a transcriptomic technique used by molecular biologists to produce a snapshot of the messenger RNA population in a sample of interest in the form of small tags that correspond to fragments of those transcripts. (wikipedia.org)
- Among the best approaches for understanding the molecular basis of COPD include gene expression profiling techniques, such as serial analysis of gene expression or microarrays. (harvard.edu)
- Unlike a similar technique Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE, superSAGE) in which tags come from other parts of transcripts, CAGE is primarily used to locate exact transcription start sites in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
- Absolute quantitation techniques such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) use tags, calculating the number of tags for a given sequence by the total number of tags to gain the overall abundance of a gene product. (bioline.com)
- On the basis of Technology, the market is segregated into Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Next Generation Sequencing, DNA Microarray, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression and Northern Blotting. (emailwire.com)
- The cDNA concatemers can then be isolated and sequenced using modern high-throughput DNA sequencers , and these sequences can be analysed with computer programs which quantify the recurrence of individual tags. (wikipedia.org)
- The advent of cDNA and oligonucleotide microarray technologies has led to a paradigm shift in biological investigation, such that the bottleneck in research is shifting from data generation to data analysis. (nih.gov)
- 14,000 genes were monitored by using transcript profiling technology based on cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism. (pnas.org)
- Total ovarian RNA was isolated and used to prepare radiolabeled cDNA probes, which were hybridized to DNA arrays representing approximately 600 rat genes. (bioone.org)
- The BHK/MKL cell line was established by transfecting the BHK cell line with an expression vector containing a cDNA encoding the secretory form of mouse c-Kit ligand (stem cell factor). (mcponline.org)
- This thesis has focused on the computational analysis of complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. (diva-portal.org)
- In order to identify novel target genes for therapeutic agents and diagnostic markers for atopic dermatitis (AD), we utilized the cDNA array to search for genes whose expression is altered in AD skin. (go.jp)
- For validation of high throughput gene expression analyses and for the analysis of moderate numbers of genes, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) is the method of choice, allowing for accurate relative (or in some cases absolute) quantification of cDNA in a sample, representing gene expression levels of the target of interest. (bioline.com)
- Bioline offers a full range of sample preparation, cDNA synthesis and qPCR reagents, as well as custom assay design services, to assist RT-qPCR gene expression analysis studies. (bioline.com)
- Recent advances in high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can reveal new genes and splice variants and quantify expression genome-wide in a single assay. (broadinstitute.org)
- In this study, we used these model cell lines to identify invasion-associated genes using cDNA microarray with colorimetric detection. (aacrjournals.org)
- cDNA microarray membranes, each containing 9600 nonredundant expressed sequence tag clones, were used to identify differentially expressed genes in these cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
- These results substantiate the model system with which one can identify invasion-associated genes by using cDNA microarray and cancer cell lines of different invasiveness. (aacrjournals.org)
- By using the cDNA microarray with colorimetric detection system (15 , 16) and arrays of 9600 features, we were able to identify metastasis-associated genes on a genome-wide scale in model lung cancer cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
- Covers what you need to know about protein bioinformatics and detailed expression analysis. (coursera.org)
- The University of Manchester's distance course in microarray data analysis ( http://octette.cs.man.ac.uk/bioinformatics/modules/BIOL61010.html ), which runs again in March, provides practical experience in both the pre-processing and in data integration stages in the analysis. (bio.net)
- For those interested in learning about data integration in more depth, the microarray course is designed to link to our sister course in network analysis, Bioinformatics for Systems Biology ( http://octette.cs.man.ac.uk/bioinformatics/modules/BIOL61820.html ). (bio.net)
- The gene expression analysis services market consists of gene expression profiling, bioinformatics solutions, data analysis software, and others. (mynewsdesk.com)
- On the basis of products and services, the global gene expression analysis market has been segmented into consumables (reagents, DNA chips), Instruments (PCR, NGS, Microarray, others), and services (gene expression profiling services, bioinformatics solutions). (marketsandmarkets.com)
- In this work, more emphasis is given on clustering technique to analyses Genetic Expression data under Bioinformatics approach. (ssrn.com)
- Bioinformatics analysis showed that deduced amino acid sequences of the six cloned RS genes were highly conserved with a similarity from 95% to 99% when compared to the RS genes which had been deposited at the GenBank. (scirp.org)
- On the basis of Services, the market is segregated into gene expression profiling and bioinformatics solutions. (emailwire.com)
- We first took a bioinformatics approach to analyze gene expression profiles at different stages of embryonic heart development (E12.5-E18.5, n=3 for each group), neonatal heart development (1, 20, 49 days after birth, n=3 for each group), and adult cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). (ahajournals.org)
- PAGE is a Java-based software for phase-shifted analysis of gene expression developed along the lines of the original q-Clustering algorithm (Ji and Tan, 2005) to analyze gene expression from multiple biological conditions across dose and time series experiments. (nih.gov)
- of the target gene relative to some reference group The two most commonly used methods to analyze data from real-time, quantitative PCR experiments are absolute quantifica-such as an untreated control or a sample at time zero tion and relative quantification. (psu.edu)
- The 2���CT method is a been combined with real-time PCR and numerous reconvenient way to analyze the relative changes in gene expression ports have appeared in the literature (6-9) including from real-time quantitative PCR experiments. (psu.edu)
- As originally proposed, the P.I. need to analyze various gene expressions and their levels in cancer cells, in order to complete that research project and continue as a productive partner of the consortium. (nova.edu)
- Discover novel gene isoforms, profile gene expression for select targets of interest, analyze the whole coding transcriptome, and accurately perform transcript abundance and fold-change measurement. (illumina.com)
- These results demonstrate insights that become possible using computational approaches to analyze quantitative expression from many genes in parallel using a digital gene expression atlas. (psu.edu)
- For an increasing number of cancer patients, doctors analyze the specific gene mutations in the patient's tumor to help select the best treatment. (ucsc.edu)
- Here we describe the use of RNAseq to globally analyze the effects of modulating Act1 expression in human airway epithelial cells. (jimmunol.org)
- Generally, actively growing cells have hitherto been used as reference to analyze symbiosis-specific expression. (apsnet.org)
- A new study discovered thousands of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in the renal glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments and integrated these data with other omics data sets to identify genes with roles in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. (nature.com)
- INPROCEEDINGS{Livak01analysisof, author = {Kenneth J. Livak and Thomas D. Schmittgen}, title = {Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative}, booktitle = {PCR and 2 ���CT method. (psu.edu)
- In addition, we present the derivation and applications of two variations of the 2 ���CT method that may be script copy number and reporting the relative change useful in the analysis of real-time, quantitative PCR data. (psu.edu)
- Quantitative analysis identified a multitude of regulated gene messages, including several genes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and lipid/steroid metabolism previously reported to be induced by hCG. (bioone.org)
- Furthermore, a quantitative analysis showed that the inhibitory profiles of both U0126 and wortmannin are constitutive components of the transcriptome profile obtained by inhibition of the EGFR kinase. (riken.jp)
- Quantitative transcriptome analysis is potentially widely applicable to determine the target proteins and action mechanisms of uncharacterized compounds," concludes Dr Suzuki. (riken.jp)
- Our study paves the way for quantitative analysis of drug responses at the promoter level, and moreover, is potentially applicable for the evaluation of combinatorial or serial drug treatment in a clinical setting," he adds. (riken.jp)
- The method of choice for verifying differential RNA expression is real-time PCR (i.e. quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR) via Taqman method or SyberGreen method. (studentdoctor.net)
- In this class we'll be hierarchically clustering our significantly differentially expressed genes from last time using BioConductor and the built-in function of an online tool, called Expression Browser. (coursera.org)
- Among twenty-five individual genes identified and physically mapped so far, fifteen encode structural proteins that are indispensable for terminal differentiation of the human epidermis and ten are genes for S100A small calcium binding proteins involved in signal transduction and cell cycle progression. (europa.eu)
- In this chapter we describe the use of miRNA seed enrichment analysis approaches to this problem. (springer.com)
- In this chapter we introduce the concept of miRNA target analysis, the background to motif enrichment analysis, and a number of programs designed for this purpose. (springer.com)
- Functional enrichment analysis showed that the turquoise module was associated with cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix and collagen catabolic process. (dovepress.com)
- Bao L, Sun Z (2002) Identifying genes related to drug anticancer mechanisms using support vector machine. (springer.com)
- 2002), we construct a gene interaction network and search for high-scoring subnetworks. (sciweavers.org)
- This model can be used to study the relationship between the time to event and a set of covariates (gene expressions) in the presence of censoring (Park and Kohane 2002). (oreilly.com)
- We introduce Pathway-Informed Classification System (PICS) for classifying cancers based on tumor sample gene expression levels. (harvard.edu)
- Gene expression values are collapsed into pathway scores that reveal which biological activities are most useful for clustering cancer cohorts into subtypes. (harvard.edu)
- Expression profiling corroborated by functional experiments showed that HL induced photoinhibition in CAT1AS plants and that a short-term HL exposure of CAT1AS plants triggered an increased tolerance against a subsequent severe oxidative stress. (pnas.org)
- The gene expression profiling services is further segmented into sequencing services, microarray services, and qPCR services. (mynewsdesk.com)
- It also supports gene expression profiling approaches such as SAGE and high-coverage gene expression profiling (HiCEP). (thermofisher.com)
- Gene profiling was performed using a PCR-based subtractive hybridisation method, called Representation Difference Analysis (RDA), and kidney tissue from congenic versus hypertensive controls for the SHRSPGla. (bl.uk)
- The gene expression profiling services is again segregated into sequencing services and other services. (emailwire.com)
- Gene expression profiling holds the largest market share due to the rising number of gene expression analysis tests. (emailwire.com)
- Phylogenetic analyses of gene expression have great potential for addressing a wide range of questions. (arxiv.org)
- Here we outline general project design considerations for phylogenetic analyses of gene expression, and suggest solutions to these three categories of challenges. (arxiv.org)
- Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. (medgadget.com)
- Moreover, North American research institutes contributing to the field of functional genomics continue to support the development of new drugs derived from gene expression analysis studies. (openpr.com)
- The resulting cluster suggests some functional relationships between genes, and some known genes belongs to a unique functional classes shall provide indication for unknown genes in the same clusters. (spie.org)
- The results imply the functional roles of AMT genes in ammonium absorption in poplar. (frontiersin.org)
- Our results indicate that expression of snRNA isoforms is regulated and lays the foundation for functional studies of individual snRNA isoforms. (g3journal.org)
- Birney E, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Dutta A, Guigo R, Gingeras TR, Margulies EH et al (2007) Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project. (springer.com)
- The process through which a gene utilizes the information passed down to it to produce a functional product with the help of different RNAs is called gene expression. (emailwire.com)
- The major players operating in the gene expression analysis market include Illumina, Inc. (US), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (US), and Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (US) are the key players in the gene expression analysis market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- gene expression to predict regulatory elements within genes. (coursera.org)
- Gene expression QTL (eQTL) mapping can suggest candidate regulatory relationships between genes. (springer.com)
- In this study we combined eQTL mapping and phenotypic spectrum analysis to predict gene regulatory relationships. (springer.com)
- Five pairs of genes with similar phenotypic effects and potential regulatory relationships suggested by eQTL mapping were identified. (springer.com)
- Our results show that the combination of gene eQTL mapping and phenotypic spectrum analysis may provide a valuable approach to uncovering gene regulatory relations underlying mammalian phenotypes. (springer.com)
- We are interested in understanding gene regulatory programs under different growth conditions of the heart. (ahajournals.org)
- By examining the promoter regions of regulated genes and the 3′ untranslated regions of mRNAs, we predicted a number of transcription factor-mediated regulatory modules and microRNA-medicated regulatory modules, respectively. (ahajournals.org)
- To elucidate the physiological processes that occur during the transition of the dormant spore to an actively growing vegetative cell, we studied this process in a time-dependent manner by a combination of microscopy, analysis of extracellular metabolites, and a genome-wide analysis of transcription. (asm.org)
- Path Analysis is Wright's main contribution to statistical theory. (gnxp.com)
- In addition to using an appropriate number of replicate samples for statistical significance, an effective gene expression analysis must ensure that comparison samples are meaningful for the biological question under investigation. (bioline.com)
- Then we'll be using another online tool that uses a similarity metric, the Pearson correlation coefficient, to identify genes responding in a similar manner to our gene of interest, in this case AP3. (coursera.org)
- The distinctive feature of Wright's path analysis is that it introduces questions of causation into the treatment of correlation and regression between variables. (gnxp.com)
- In particular, I want to clarify the relationship between Path Analysis and multivariate correlation and regression. (gnxp.com)
- Although we found a strong correlation between the expression of genes corresponding to CSR-1-interacting 22G-RNAs during germ cell progression, we also found that a large fraction of genes may bypass the need for CSR-1-mediated germline licensing. (genetics.org)
- There is a correlation between the relative position of these genes along the chromosome and the axial level of the limb bud in which they are expressed. (biologists.org)
- However, there is no clear correlation between the relative position of the genes along the chromosome and their expression domains within the limb. (biologists.org)
- Correlations between significant genes derived from microarray analysis were performed using the nonparametric Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation. (aacrjournals.org)
- Conclusion: This correlation analysis shows evidence of relationship between several HOX genes and ERBB genes, two known genetic factors in ovarian cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- These relationships were defined by a combination of evidence including: similar location on chromosomes, co-significance in expression in ovarian cancer, correlation between genes, and a relatedness of affected ontologies in correlated genes. (aacrjournals.org)
- Positive correlation between gene expression levels and cell line invasiveness was found in 2.9% of the 9600 putative genes. (aacrjournals.org)
- On the other hand, negative correlation was found in 3.3% of the genes. (aacrjournals.org)
- Differential gene expression in OA meniscal cells and normal meniscal cells was examined using Affymetrix microarray and real time RT-PCR. (nih.gov)
- It is ideal for applications such as absolute quantification of differential gene expression and rare-allele detection. (thermofisher.com)
- This research paves the way to a more precise analysis of cellular responses to drugs, at the level of individual promoters. (riken.jp)
- Microarray-based technologies are widely used to monitor cellular changes in response to drug administration at the level of genes. (riken.jp)
- 2003). The TIAF1 expression is regulated by TGF-[beta]1 (transforming growth factor-beta 1) which is a pleiotropic cytokine with demonstrable effects on a wide variety of cellular targets (Bonewald, 1999) and its principal role is as an immune regulator (Shull et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Exposure of OC spheroids to these CT drugs resulted in differential expression of genes associated with cell growth and proliferation, cellular assembly and organization, cell death, cell cycle control and cell signaling. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Evaluating gene lists of the most correlated genes to the 8 HOX and 2 ERBB genes demonstrated several similarities in biological functionality and associated cellular components were found including focus on development, cell adhesion and a general affinity for the plasma membrane. (aacrjournals.org)
- The effect of γ -tocotrienol, a vitamin E isomer, in modulating gene expression in cellular aging of human diploid fibroblasts was studied. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- These findings revealed that γ -tocotrienol may prevent cellular aging of human diploid fibroblasts by modulating gene expression. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Diurnally regulated genes in the prefrontal cortex may be controlled by the circadian system, by sleep:wake states, or by cellular metabolism or environmental responses. (umd.edu)
- Thus, this SAGE analysis has revealed a number of genes that are differentially regulated in experimental vs. control tissue. (studentdoctor.net)
- As Wright several times emphasised, it does not provide a method of discovering or proving causal relationships, but if these are known or hypothesised to exist on other grounds, Path Analysis can (in principle) help quantify their relative importance. (gnxp.com)
- Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies report a new method to monitor and quantify the activity of gene promoters during the response to a drug, using the advanced gene expression analysis method CAGE followed by single-molecule sequencing. (riken.jp)
- The global gene expression analysis market witnesses high competitive intensity as there are many big and small firms with similar product offerings. (mynewsdesk.com)
- The global gene expression analysis market has also been geographically segmented into Asia-Pacific, Europe, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), North America and Rest of the World, with North America dominating the global market. (medgadget.com)
- By the end of 2022, the global gene expression analysis market is predicted to surpass US$ 4,500 Mn valuation, reflecting a robust CAGR in terms of revenues. (openpr.com)
- The study throws a light on various factors influence the dynamics of global gene expression analysis market, and offers insightful projections, the highlights of which are mentioned below. (openpr.com)
- Most of the companies operating in the expansion of global gene expression analysis market are based in the US. (openpr.com)
- Drug discovery is a key application of gene expression analysis, and the US healthcare markets are observed as lucrative grounds for players in the global gene expression analysis market. (openpr.com)
- Advancements in RNA-sequencing, 2-D gel electrophoresis, western blotting, immunoassays, ChIP, mass spectrometry and other technologies are also expected to influence the future prospects of global gene expression analysis market. (openpr.com)
- The report also anticipates that sales of products - kits & reagents - will reflect a sizeable share on the value of global gene expression analysis market throughout the forecast period. (openpr.com)
- The global gene expression analysis market is witnessing a significant growth and will continue to do so in the next five years. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- Geographically, North America is expected to dominate the global gene expression analysis market in 2018, while the Asia Pacific region is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- Path Analysis provides a systematic means of investigating such relationships. (gnxp.com)
- We present a few example applications of the technology and discuss how ddPCR assays can complement existing techniques in gene expression studies and microRNA analysis. (youtube.com)
- QuantiGene™ RNA assays are 96- and 384- well, hybridization-based assays that utilize a branched DNA technology for signal amplification for the direct quantitation of gene expression. (thermofisher.com)
- Applied Biosystems TaqMan Gene Expression Assays consist of a pair of unlabeled PCR primers and a TaqMan probe with an Applied Biosystems FAM or VIC dye label on the 5' end and minor groove binder (MGB) and nonfluorescent quencher (NFQ) on the 3' end. (thermofisher.com)
- Over 1.8 million predesigned TaqMan Gene Expression Assays covering more than 30 species are available in a single-tube, 96-well plate, 384-well microfluidic card, and Applied Biosystems OpenArray formats. (thermofisher.com)
- TaqMan Gene Expression Assays are available in easy-to-use 96-well plates and higher-throughput 384-well microfluidic cards. (thermofisher.com)
- These results were confirmed by (i) phenotypic analyses, (ii) real-time PCR studies, (iii) reporter gene fusion assays, and (iv) previously published reports about representative genes. (asm.org)
- The ultimate goal is to understand the structure and function of genomes and their genes. (diva-portal.org)
- Global gene expression analysis of early response to chemotherapy treatment in ovarian cancer spheroids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The V-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene (ERBB/HER) gene family is well known to be associated with ovarian cancer and is located proximate to the HOX genes on the same chromosomes (chromosomes 2, 7, 12 and 17). (aacrjournals.org)
- While few differences were observed in the expression profiles of genes in the 1-carbon cycle, genes previously considered to be overexpressed in EOC (e.g. (mdpi.com)
- These analyses will, for example, identify genes that have evolutionary shifts in expression that are correlated with evolutionary changes in morphological, physiological, and developmental characters of interest. (arxiv.org)
- A) Schematic representation of pattern of change in gene expression when levels of total RNA in the two cells is similar. (nih.gov)
- Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase had increased H 2 O 2 levels and altered gene expression under normal growth conditions ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
- We propose a K-mean based algorithm in which gene expression levels fluctuate in parallel will be clustered together. (spie.org)
- The SYBR Premix Ex Taq II kit provided accurate gene expression measurement, allowing quantification of relative IL-4 induction levels in response to CRA. (clontech.com)
- Fold expression levels of IL-4 (compared to GAPDH ) in mouse lung samples from mice treated with either PBS or CRA. (clontech.com)
- We found that, of the 548 probe genes on the membrane, the expression levels of 58 genes differed between AD patients without concomitant allergic respiratory diseases and healthy volunteers. (go.jp)
- We have found that the modulation of Act1 expression levels in human airway epithelial cells changes the expression levels of some genes, in the absence of cytokine stimulation. (jimmunol.org)
- The lower expression levels of the SCD1 gene in both diabetic groups compared with controls were further confirmed by Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The major factors driving the growth of the gene expression analysis market include decreasing cost of sequencing, rising prevalence of cancer, growing application areas of genomics, and the availability of gene expression databases. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- Evolutionary analyses suggested that the Populus AMT gene family has expanded via whole-genome duplication events. (frontiersin.org)
- The quality control stage ( QC stage ) allows to correct the complicated artificial influence on the experiment result and to determine clusters of genes that should be excluded from the biological analysis due to the artificial nature of these clusters. (msu.su)