A person's concept of self as being male and masculine or female and feminine, or ambivalent, based in part on physical characteristics, parental responses, and psychological and social pressures. It is the internal experience of gender role.
Severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)
Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders.
Persons having a sense of persistent identification with, and expression of, gender-coded behaviors not typically associated with one's anatomical sex at birth, and with or without a desire to undergo SEX REASSIGNMENT PROCEDURES.
Disorder characterized by recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing in a heterosexual male. The fantasies, urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. (from APA, DSM-IV, 1994)

Do students' attitudes toward women change during medical school? (1/541)

BACKGROUND: Medical school has historically reinforced traditional views of women. This cohort study follows implementation of a revitalized curriculum and examines students' attitudes toward women on entry into an Ontario medical school, and 3 years later. METHODS: Of the 75 students entering first year at Queen's University medical school 70 completed the initial survey in September 1994 and 54 were resurveyed in May 1997. First-year students at 2 other Ontario medical schools were also surveyed in 1994, and these 166 respondents formed a comparison group. Changes in responses to statements about sex-role stereotypes, willingness to control decision-making of female patients, and conceptualization of women as "other" or "abnormal" because they are women were examined. Responses from the comparison group were used to indicate whether the Queen's group was representative. RESULTS: Attitudinal differences between the primary group and the comparison group were not significant. After 3 years of medical education students were somewhat less accepting of sex-role stereotypes and less controlling in the doctor-patient encounter. They continued, however, to equate adults with men and to see women as "not adult" or "other." Female students began and remained somewhat more open-minded in all areas studied. INTERPRETATION: A predicted trend toward conservatism was not seen as students became older, more aware and closer to completion of medical training, although they continued to equate adults with male and to see women as "other." Findings may validate new curricular approaches and increased attention to gender issues in the academic environment.  (+info)

Interspecies transfer of female mitochondrial DNA is coupled with role-reversals and departure from neutrality in the mussel Mytilus trossulus. (2/541)

Mussels of the genus Mytilus have distinct and highly diverged male and female mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes with separate routes of inheritance. Previous studies of European populations of Mytilus trossulus demonstrated that 33% of males are heteroplasmic for a second mtDNA genome of increased length and that hybridization with Mytilus edulis does not block mtDNA introgression, in contrast to reports for American populations. Here, we demonstrate that the female mtDNA type of M. edulis has replaced the resident female mtDNA type of European M. trossulus. This is supported by COIII sequence data indicating that the female mtDNA of European M. trossulus is very similar to that of M. edulis and that in phylogenetic trees, the mtDNAs of these two species cluster together but separately from American M. trossulus sequences, the latter not being disturbed by introgressive hybridization. We also provide evidence that the mtDNA genome of increased length found in heteroplasmic males of European M. trossulus derives from a recent partition of an introgressed M. edulis female type into the male route of transmission. Neutrality tests reveal that European populations of M. trossulus display an excess of replacement polymorphism within the female mtDNA type with respect to conspecific American populations, as well as a significant excess of rare variants, of a similar magnitude to those previously reported for the invading European M. edulis mtDNA. Results are consistent with a nearly neutral model of molecular evolution and suggest that selection acting on European M. trossulus mtDNA is largely independent of the nuclear genetic background.  (+info)

Sexual intercourse, abuse and pregnancy among adolescent women: does sexual orientation make a difference? (3/541)

CONTEXT: Although a limited amount of research has retrospectively explored the childhood and adolescent heterosexual experiences of lesbians, little is known about the prevalence of heterosexual behavior and related risk factors or about pregnancy histories among lesbian and bisexual teenagers. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted using responses from a subsample of 3,816 students who completed the 1987 Minnesota Adolescent Health Survey. Behaviors, risk factors and pregnancy histories were compared among adolescents who identified themselves as lesbian or bisexual, as unsure of their sexual orientation and as heterosexual. RESULTS: Overall, bisexual or lesbian respondents were about as likely as heterosexual women ever to have had intercourse (33% and 29%, respectively), but they had a significantly higher prevalence of pregnancy (12%) and physical or sexual abuse (19-22%) than heterosexual or unsure adolescents. Among sexually experienced respondents, bisexual or lesbian and heterosexual women reported greater use of ineffective contraceptives (12-15% of those who used a method) than unsure adolescents (9%); bisexual or lesbian respondents were the most likely to have frequent intercourse (22%, compared with 15-17% of the other groups). In the sample overall, among those who were sexually experienced and among those who had ever been pregnant, bisexual or lesbian women were the most likely to have engaged in prostitution during the previous year. CONCLUSIONS: Providers of reproductive health care and family planning services should not assume that pregnant teenagers are heterosexual or that adolescents who say they are bisexual, lesbian or unsure of their sexual orientation are not in need of family planning counseling. Further research should explore the interactions between adolescent sexual identity development and sexual risk behaviors.  (+info)

Self-assessment of well-being in a group of children with epilepsy. (4/541)

Epilepsy is common in childhood, the prevalence being about five per 1000 children. The purpose of this study was to assess well-being in children with controlled epilepsy (but did not include those with obvious neurodeficits such as mental retardation or cerebral palsy) and compare them with age-matched healthy children. The patient group comprised of 31 children, 12 boys and 19 girls, whereas the control population group consisted of 342 children, 176 boys and 166 girls who were all in good health. All children involved in the study were aged between 9-13 years. A questionnaire was distributed to the children to complete. It consisted of 39 bipolar adjectives and a visual analogue scale was employed. The results show that the group of children with controlled epilepsy did not differ significantly from the age-matched control group. There was no significant difference between the sexes except for the dimension of vitality, where the boys scored better than the girls. Thus the well-being of children with controlled epilepsy seems to be similar to that of children from a control population. The psychometric properties of the instrument were also assessed. An assessment of well-being in children with intractable epilepsy, using a similar approach, is in progress.  (+info)

Babes and boobs? analysis of JAMA cover art. (5/541)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the representation of the sexes in JAMA cover art. DESIGN: Review of 50 consecutive issues. SETTING: JAMA, March 1997-March 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers and nature of covers portraying men and women. RESULTS: Of the 50 covers, 34 depicted humans. 15 depicted women, 13 men, and 6 were of mixed or indeterminate sex. 11 pictures of women included a child and five included nudity. One cover showed a man with a child (not as a father) and none depicted nudity. Men were depicted exclusively in authoritative roles. CONCLUSIONS: Much of the cover art gives strong messages about sexual stereotypes that are inappropriate in modern society. JAMA should consider reviewing its policy for choosing cover art.  (+info)

The prevalence of gender dysphoria in Scotland: a primary care study. (6/541)

A questionnaire was sent to senior partners in all general practices in Scotland designed to elicit experience of patients with gender dysphoria: a subjective experience of incongruity between genital anatomy and gender identity. Responses were received from 73% of practices. The prevalence of gender dysphoria among patients aged over 15 years was calculated as 8.18 per 100,000, with an approximate sex ratio of 4:1 in favour of male-to-female patients. One-third of gender-dysphoric patients known to practices had registered in the preceding 12 months, suggesting that patients with this condition are increasingly likely to present for medical care.  (+info)

Beyond artificial, sex-linked distinctions to conceptualize female sexuality: comment on Baumeister (2000) (7/541)

The authors comment on three aspects of R. F. Baumeister's (2000) theoretical article on female sexuality. Questioning the predominance of nature versus cultural factors in accounting for sexual outcomes for men and women, the authors draw attention to the similarities (as opposed to differences) in the sexual attitudes, behaviors, and responses of men and women, and directly question the suggestion of "controlling" women's sexual attitudes, behaviors, responses, etc. to meet social needs for change.  (+info)

Friendship as a moderating factor in the pathway between early harsh home environment and later victimization in the peer group. The Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. (8/541)

Two prospective investigations of the moderating role of dyadic friendship in the developmental pathway to peer victimization are reported. In Study 1, the preschool home environments (i.e., harsh discipline, marital conflict, stress, abuse, and maternal hostility) of 389 children were assessed by trained interviewers. These children were then followed into the middle years of elementary school, with peer victimization, group social acceptance, and friendship assessed annually with a peer nomination inventory. In Study 2, the home environments of 243 children were assessed in the summer before 1st grade, and victimization, group acceptance, and friendship were assessed annually over the next 3 years. In both studies, early harsh, punitive, and hostile family environments predicted later victimization by peers for children who had a low number of friendships. However, the predictive associations did not hold for children who had numerous friendships. These findings provide support for conceptualizations of friendship as a moderating factor in the pathways to peer group victimization.  (+info)

Gender Identity is a deeply-held sense of being male, female, or something else and may not necessarily correspond to an individual's biological sex. It is a personal experience of gender that may include a person's sense of the role they should play in society, their self-image, expectations of how they should be treated by others, and their feelings about their bodies. This concept is a fundamental aspect of a person's self-concept and psychological well-being. It is separate from a person's sexual orientation.

The American Psychiatric Association states that "gender identity refers to a person’s internal sense of gender, or the feeling of being male, female, or something else." According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "gender identity refers to a person’s deeply-felt sense of being male, female or something else and may not necessarily correspond to an individual’s biological sex."

It's important to note that gender identity is a complex and nuanced concept, and it can change over time for some individuals. It's also distinct from sexual orientation, which refers to a person's emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to other people.

Transsexualism is not considered a medical condition in itself, but rather a symptom or a part of a larger gender dysphoria diagnosis. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, gender dysphoria refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one's experienced or expressed gender and one's assigned gender.

Transsexualism is an outdated term that was previously used to describe individuals who strongly identify with a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth and wish to permanently transition to their identified gender through medical and social means, including hormone therapy and gender confirmation surgery. The current preferred terminology is to use the term "transgender" as an umbrella term that includes all people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth.

It's important to note that being transgender is not a mental illness, but rather a part of human diversity. The distress that some transgender individuals experience is primarily due to societal stigma and discrimination, rather than their gender identity itself.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), produced by the American Psychiatric Association, "sexual dysfunctions" refer to a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by an impairment in the sexual response cycles or by painful genital sensations.

The DSM-5 also includes "gender dysphoria" as a separate category, which refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one's experienced or expressed gender and one's assigned gender.

It is important to note that these disorders are not considered inherent aspects of one's personal identity, but rather, they reflect difficulties in functioning in certain key areas of life. The DSM-5 emphasizes a biopsychosocial model for understanding these disorders, which takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to their development and maintenance.

It is also important to recognize that people who experience sexual or gender dysfunctions are not "disordered" in their entirety; rather, they have a specific difficulty that can be addressed and potentially alleviated through evidence-based interventions.

Transgender is a term used to describe people whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth. It's important to note that being transgender is not a mental illness; it's a part of human diversity.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, a transgender person may be diagnosed with gender dysphoria if they experience significant distress or impairment in their daily life due to this incongruence between their experienced/expressed gender and their assigned sex. However, many transgender people do not experience such distress and therefore do not have a mental disorder.

It's also crucial to respect each individual's self-identified gender and use the appropriate pronouns they prefer. Discrimination and stigma against transgender individuals can lead to serious health disparities, including higher rates of mental health issues, substance abuse, and suicide.

Transvestism is more appropriately referred to as transvestic disorder in the current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It's defined as the recurring, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviors involving cross-dressing.

In order for it to be considered a disorder, these feelings must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning. It's important to note that the mere act of cross-dressing does not necessarily equate to a disorder. Many people who cross-dress do not have a transvestic disorder.

The term "transvestism" is often considered outdated and stigmatizing, hence the change in terminology to "transvestic disorder" in the DSM-5. The American Psychiatric Association emphasizes that this diagnosis should be used carefully, given the potential for stigma and discrimination against individuals who engage in cross-dressing behavior but do not experience distress or impairment.

... is the personal sense of one's own gender. Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can ... List of gender identities Social construction of gender Identity (social science) Sex and gender distinction Neuroscience of ... for example gender identity disorder in children (for children who experience gender dysphoria). The concept of gender identity ... and consistent with the individual's gender identity. Gender expression typically reflects a person's gender identity, but this ...
the specific Latin American conceptual and identity marker travesti involves gender variance but not always gendered difference ... a disacknowledgement of their perceived identity. Since the implementation of the Gender Identity Law, there have been efforts ... Campuzano, Giuseppe (2008). "Gender, identity and travesti rights in Peru". In Cornwall, Andrea; Corrêa, Sonia; Jolly, Susie ( ... As such, they may be described as a transfeminine gender identity, and have been considered a regional equivalent to the notion ...
... at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto. Gender Identity Clinic at the Grey Nuns ... A gender identity clinic is a type of specialist clinic providing services relating to transgender health care. Gender Identity ... NHS Gender Identity Development Service of the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust in London. Regional Gender Identity ... Sandyford Gender Identity Clinic, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde in Glasgow. Grampian Gender Identity Clinic, NHS Grampian at ...
"Identidad de Genero" [Gender Identity] (in Spanish). InfoLeg. Retrieved 1 July 2019. "Identidad de género" [Gender identity] ( ... The Gender Identity Law was approved by the Senate on 9 May 2012, by 55 votes in favor and one abstention. It was promulgated ... The Gender Identity Law (Spanish: Ley de identidad de género), Argentina's law number 26.743, allows transgender people to be ... "Elogio a la ley de identidad de género" [In Praise of the Gender Identity Law]. Página/12 (in Spanish). 26 May 2012. Retrieved ...
Gender identity, Gender in Thailand, Lesbianism, LGBT in Thailand, LGBT terminology, Transgender in Asia). ... Jarernpanit, Thannapat (January-June 2019). "The Gender Issues and Identities of the Young Tomboy and Lesbian in Chiang Mai and ... In Thailand, as elsewhere, one can find several different gender roles, identities and diverse visual markers of masculinity ... which refers not just to physical sex but gender identity as well. Note this may differ from Western ideas of heterosexual male ...
This is a list of gender identities. Gender identity can be understood to include how people describe, present, and feel about ... "ideas and identities outside of gender".: 102 This may include descriptions of gender identity in terms of "their first name or ... "Gender Identity/Gender Expression: Legal Enforcement Guidance". New York City Commission on Human Rights. Archived from the ... Demi-guy Demi-man Demi-woman Dual gender Faʻafafine Female Female to male Femme FTM Gender bender Gender diverse Gender gifted ...
... of gender identity and clarified that transgender students should therefore be treated consistent with their gender identity at ... Johns County, Florida that discrimination on the basis of gender identity is discrimination "on the basis of sex" and is ... The Obama administration interpreted Title IX to cover discrimination on the basis of assigned sex, gender identity, and ... Title VII has also been interpreted to encompass discrimination based on sex stereotypes, gender identity, and transgender ...
... (GID) is an Iranian non-governmental organization established in 2008 to support people ... Gender identity, Non-profit organisations based in Iran, All stub articles, Medical organization stubs). ... with gender identity problems. The organization is composed of clinicians, psychiatrists and psychologists. The aim of the NGO ...
As the only gender identity clinic for children in England and Wales, GIDS has been the subject of much controversy related to ... "Meet Children with gender identity issues 'need help from all sides'". BBC News. 17 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 ... The Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) is a nationally operated health clinic in the United Kingdom that specialises in ... "Referrals to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) level off in 2018-19". The Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation ...
... , Identity politics). ... Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures are subcultures and communities composed of people who have shared experiences, ... Polyamory can occur in a social group, culture, or group of people specific to a certain gender-identity or sexual orientation ... Earlier studies on sex roles and gender identities in Asia focused heavily on particular constraints felt by women, for "'[ ...
The Massachusetts Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Initiative is a state-wide referendum passed by Massachusetts voters in ... It amended Section 92A of chapter 272 of the General Laws to cover "gender identity" in "any place of public accommodation, ... "Gender-identity inclusive nondiscrimination laws do not jeopardize safety in public bathrooms". Williams Institute. 12 ... "Massachusetts Ballot questions, 3 - Gender Identity Rights". The Boston Globe. November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018. ...
... may refer to: Sexual orientation and gender identity in military ... service Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United ... States military Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military Sexual orientation and military service ...
... is a 2019 book by conservative British journalist and political commentator ... Murray, Douglas (2019). The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity (1st ed.). London: Bloomsbury Continuum. ISBN 978-1- ... Laver, Michael (2021). "The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race, and Identity by Douglas Murray". Society. 58 (58): 80-82. doi: ... Kearns, Madeleine (6 September 2018). "Douglas Murray Interview: 'The Madness of Crowds' Author on Gender, Race & Identity". ...
Non-binary gender identities include agender and bigender. The term "third gender" has been used to describe hijras of India, ... Dumaual, Miguel (July 2, 2021). "He or she? Either, Vice Ganda says, in viral explanation of gender identity". ABS-CBN News. ... Sanders, Wren (April 7, 2020). "Gigi Goode Opens Up About "Fluid" Gender Identity on RuPaul's Drag Race". Them. Condé Nast. ... Markusoff, Jason (December 2, 2015). "An Alberta MLA on battling gender identity". Macleans.ca. Retrieved April 25, 2021. Times ...
The IDF Medical Corps' Mental Health Division then worked with the Israeli Center for Human Sexuality & Gender Identity to ... Women in the Israel Defense Forces LGBT rights in Israel Sexual orientation and gender identity in military service Sexual ... Transgender men and women can serve under their identified gender and receive gender affirming surgery[citation needed]. No ... A Gender Affairs unit works to empower the LGBT community in the IDF. As of 2003, soldiers are also allowed to participate in ...
LGBT portal Transgender portal Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military Sexual orientation and gender ... Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military are not considered disqualifying matters in the 21st century ... "Australian Defence Force spends $640,000 on gender identity treatment for transitioning troops". Adelaide Now. 11 June 2015. ... Sex discrimination laws may be exempted by the ADF for gender-neutral personnel who are employed in key roles. The ADF's ...
... military and LGBT+ topics Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military Sexual orientation and gender identity ... As of 2010[update] sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military varies greatly as the United States ... When sexual orientation and gender identity are separated, 5.8% were lesbian, gay or bisexual, and 0.6% were transgender (0.3% ... "Gender, Sexuality and Joining the Military - Voice of San Diego". 10 February 2010. Marom, T.; Itskoviz, D.; Ostfeld, I. (2008 ...
"UN Independent Expert on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity , ILGA-Europe". www.ilga-europe.org. Retrieved 2019-10-16. ... "OHCHR , Independent Expert on sexual orientation and gender identity". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2019-08-27. Morello, Carol ( ... and publicly report on matters related to human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The Mandate ... Independent Expert on sexual orientation and gender identity and abbreviated as IE SOGI) is a United Nations Independent Expert ...
Sexual orientation and gender identity is not addressed in civilian law. Although Article 92-6 of the Military Penal Code ... Trans women may also gain exemption by being diagnosed as having a severe case of "gender identity disorder" while undergoing ... A military doctor must diagnose the individual with "gender identity disorder" as mild, medium, or severe - only those who have ... However, a legal gender change is difficult to obtain. The criteria to change one's legal gender includes written diagnoses of ...
One of the first modern writers to raise issues of gender identity and sexuality was novelist Vita Sackville-West. In "Saint ... Whether her crossdressing and lifestyle have implications for her sexuality or gender identity is debated. Kelly DeVries notes ... Crossdressing, Sex, and Gender. Philadelphia. 1993. Crossdressing, Sex, and Gender. Philadelphia. 1993. p. 51. Schibanoff, ... the lack of modern acceptance of and knowledge about gender identity and sexuality further limited discourse on the subject. ...
... racial identity) Passing (gender) Brubaker, Rogers (2016). trans: Gender and Race in an Age of Unsettled Identities. Princeton ... Gender and Race in an Age of Unsettled Identities by American sociologist Rogers Brubaker is an analysis of racial and gender ... compared to the political right where sex and gender are "more closely policed." Additionally, changing gender identity is ... "an important intervention in debates about sexual/gender and racial/ethnic identities in a period of generalized identity ...
"Gender Identity Disorder of Adolescence and Adulthood, Non-Transsexual Type" (GIDAANT). DSM-V (2013) replaced gender identity ... "deep joy when your internal gender identity matches your gender expression." It is proposed that feelings of gender euphoria ... lists 3 conditions related to gender identity: Gender incongruence of adolescence or adulthood (HA60) Gender incongruence of ... Gender dysphoria (GD) is the distress a person experiences due to a mismatch between their gender identity-their personal sense ...
... identify with more than one gender, no gender, or have a fluctuating gender identity. Gender identity is separate from sexual ... gender-free, non-gendered, or ungendered, are those who identify as having no gender or gender identity. This category includes ... Non-binary gender, Gender identity, Feminist terminology, Neologisms, Third gender, Transgender identities). ... Bigender (also bi-gender or dual gender) people have two gender identities and behaviors. Identifying as bigender is typically ...
Look up gender identity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Gender identity is a related concept, which instead of referring to ... Kerr, Barbara A.; Multon, Karen D. (April 2015). "The development of gender identity, gender roles, and gender relations in ... Wood, Julia (1994). "Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender" (PDF). Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, ... The enactment of gender roles is context dependent - roles are "situated identities" instead of "master identities".: 131 The ...
"Gender Identity". Oprah.com. Harpo Productions. September 28, 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-01-03. Retrieved 2017-02 ... At the age of 19, she hitchhiked to San Diego intending to begin her gender transition, but was unable to afford surgeries. She ... Bowers is viewed as an innovator in gender confirmation/affirmation surgery, and is the first transgender woman to perform such ... Bazelon, Emily (15 June 2022). "The Battle Over Gender Therapy". The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 1 ...
Topics covered by the Best Practices guide include mental health issues; gender identity; hormone use and clinical care ...
"Genderqueer , gender identity". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2 August 2023. Guasch, Óscar (1991). La sociedad rosa [The pink ... Predicaments of Identity and Visibility in San Francismo in the 1990s". In Hames-García, Michael; Martínez, Ernesto Javier (eds ... Television shows such as Queer Eye portrayed a specific identity of the gay community. These perceptions may also be shared by ... ISBN 84-339-1352-2. George, Chauncey (1994). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890- ...
... gender dysphoria) due to a mismatch between their assigned sex and gender identity. The diagnostic label gender identity ... "gender identity disorder", including one for when it manifests during childhood. The diagnoses of gender identity disorder were ... F64 Gender identity disorders". World Health Organization. Retrieved 9 August 2018. Rafferty, Jason. "Gender Identity ... The majority of major medical associations define attempts to change an individual's gender identity or gender expression as ...
"Legal provisions should be made to provide for gender identity to the people of transgender or third gender, under which female ... Over 130,000 people signed the petition, which stated allowing non-binary as a gender identity would ease gender dysphoria and ... Judge Myriam Cataldi ruled that the Gender Identity Law applied to Bertolini's case, citing the law's definition of "gender ... "Third Gender Marker on WA State IDs Q&A". Ingersoll Gender Center. Retrieved October 15, 2023. "'X' gender now an option for ...
"Gender Identity Development in Children". HealthyChildren.org. Retrieved 2023-04-06. "Children's Books About Gender Identity ( ... "UNICEF - Early Childhood - Early Gender Socialization". unicef.org. Retrieved 2018-12-13. Gender Identity and Gender Confusion ... Story books are a way for children to learn about the world, a way to learn about gender identity and gender stereotypes. Books ... These two studies support the notion that toy preferences, while gender-based, are not a perfect indication of gender identity[ ...
... having two or more genders, having no gender, having a fluctuating gender identity, or being third gender or other-gendered. ... Gender studies is a field of interdisciplinary study and academic field devoted to gender, gender identity and gendered ... Androcentrism Anti-gender movement Biological determinism Coloniality of gender Gender and politics Gender bender Gender ... Gender identity refers to a personal identification with a particular gender and gender role in society. The term woman has ...
The TGNC defines gender as comprising two components, that of gender identity and gender expression. They define sex in ... Gender is generally understood as a social and cultural construction. A person's gender identity or gender expression is not ... gender role) or personal identification of one's own gender based on an internal awareness (gender identity). While in ordinary ... "gender difference". Transgender people experience a mismatch between their gender identity or gender expression, and their sex ...
Gender identity is the personal sense of ones own gender. Gender identity can correlate with a persons assigned sex or can ... List of gender identities Social construction of gender Identity (social science) Sex and gender distinction Neuroscience of ... for example gender identity disorder in children (for children who experience gender dysphoria). The concept of gender identity ... and consistent with the individuals gender identity. Gender expression typically reflects a persons gender identity, but this ...
Theres more to gender than sex assigned at birth. Whats biological sex or assigned sex? What does Female, Male, and Intersex ... What are the differences between sex, gender, and gender identity?. Its common for people to confuse sex, gender, and gender ... Whats gender identity?. Your gender identity is how you feel inside and how you express those feelings. Clothing, appearance, ... Whats gender?. Gender is much bigger and more complicated than assigned sex. Gender includes gender roles, which are ...
"Everyone has a gender identity and a gender journey. Everyone gets to figure out their own gender identity, and we need to be ... "is exacerbated when they are required to use an identity document that does not match their gender identity or gender ... For many trans youths, coming to terms with their gender identity is a long, exhausting journey. "My gender impacted my life in ... Need To Rethink Gender. Furthermore, we need to do away with gender binarism and rethink gender as a spectrum, or a continuum ...
The second, which in social psychology is also emphasized as an important factor in gender identity formation, has so far been ... This paper explores a novel mechanism of gender identity formation. Specifically, we explore how the work behavior of a ... "Independent Thinking and Hard Working, or Caring and Well Behaved? Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Gender Identity Norms," IZA ... "Gender-role identity in adolescence and women fertility in adulthood," MPRA Paper 116321, University Library of Munich, Germany ...
Harold Davis talks about some of the issues facing our youth today: sexual promiscuity, gender identity issues, same-sex ...
Posted in: Articles, BreakPoint Filed under: gender, Gender Dysphoria, gender identity, Ideology, LGBTQ, Roe v. Wade, sex and ... Posted in: Articles, BreakPoint Filed under: Back to school, Critical Theory, gender identity, gender identity expression anti- ... gender affirmation, Gender Dysphoria, gender identity, Holy Week, LGBTQ, preferred pronouns, rosaria butterfield ... Posted in: Articles, BreakPoint Filed under: gender, gender identity, LGBT, Mental Health, Transgender ...
Posted in: Articles, BreakPoint Filed under: gender, Gender Dysphoria, gender identity, Ideology, LGBTQ, Roe v. Wade, sex and ... Posted in: Articles, BreakPoint Filed under: Back to school, Critical Theory, gender identity, gender identity expression anti- ... gender affirmation, Gender Dysphoria, gender identity, Holy Week, LGBTQ, preferred pronouns, rosaria butterfield ... Posted in: Articles, BreakPoint Filed under: gender, gender identity, LGBT, Mental Health, Transgender ...
"Gender identity" to "Gender-nonconforming people" (Include extended shelves). ,previous -- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R ... Gender mainstreaming in biodiversity conservation: see Biodiversity conservation or Gender mainstreaming. *Gender minorities: ... Gender identity in music (1 title). *Gender identity -- Latin America (subtopics). *Gender identity -- Latin America -- History ... Gender identity -- Amazon River Region (1 title). *Gender identity -- Congresses (subtopics). *Gender identity -- Greece (1 ...
Transgender equality and gender identity: developing an inclusive approach at Oxford Brookes University. ... Trans and transgender are inclusive umbrella terms for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from the ... ECU, 2016) Trans people may for example identify as non-binary, non-gendered, gender variant, or gender-fluid and, some ... Our approach to gender identity and provision of support for trans staff and students ensures the University meets the ...
Gender identities disrupted -- and reinforced. Northwestern University. Journal. Child Development. Keywords. * /Life sciences/ ... Gender identities disrupted -- and reinforced Older children and girls are more likely to tell alternative narratives that ... Im Kind of a Feminist: Using Master Narratives to Analyze Gender Identity in Middle Childhood" published this week in the ... "We mostly discuss the ways in which children reinforce gender stereotypes or align themselves with gender norms, but children ...
... also check out the resources and information about sexual orientation and gender identity available from the... ... Gender Identity. In addition to the following resources, also check out the resources and information about sexual orientation ... gender, sexual identity, and sexuality in cultural practices. ... Gender and Sexuality. This page on the EServer, a digital ... Network tells how to make your gay-straight alliance more gender-inclusive and your school safer for transgender and gender- ...
Author Abigail Shrier shared a Chicago Public Schools memo that requires teachers to hide childrens gender identities from ... EducationPoliticsSocial JusticeAbigail ShrierChicago Public Schoolsgender identitygender ideologyparental rightspreferred ... Accommodations shall be provided to gender non-binary students and students questioning their gender identity, regardless of ... Chicago Public Schools: Hide Childrens Gender Identity from Parents. 68 Eric Gay/AP Photo. Dr. Susan Berry. 20 Aug 2021. ...
Types of Gender Issues. Clients interested in gender questioning and exploration recognize a dissonance around identity or ... Ehrensaft, D. (2011). Gender born, gender made: Raising healthy gender-nonconforming children. New York, NY: The Experiment, ... people with the following identities: agender, pangender, bigender, non-binary, gender non-conforming, gender creative, ... When clients seek therapy while questioning their gender identity, it is important for family therapists to adopt a client- ...
UK Leading the Way in Measuring Gender Identity in Surveys In the UK, more than three quarters (79%) of SurveyMonkey surveys ... Around the world, gender identity has evolved over time and across cultures. In the last few years, progress has been made in ... Offering a diverse set of gender options in surveys allows respondents to most accurately share their identity in a key way to ... Examining what individuals on the SurveyMonkey platform choose to offer as gender identity options is one way to see how ...
The university will provide the option for students to elect to add a gender identity and personal pronoun to their profile for ... It should be understood that even when a gender identity has been entered in various university information systems, legal name ... Changes to your personal pronoun and gender identity can be made under the "Welcome" tab in your myIIT portal. ... You can select your gender identity and pronouns by clicking "Edit" in the "Personal Details" panel. ...
Every single person on this planet will experience gender and sexuality in a variety of ways. This playlist asks its … ... Through the internet, Ling has arranged for herself a "mock marriage" to a gay man, to conceal her lesbian identity from her ... Every single person on this planet will experience gender and sexuality in a variety of ways. This playlist asks its viewers to ... to open up conversations about what it means for anyone to experience gender and sexuality. ...
... like the right to gender identity, freedom, integrity and equality, respond to the concerns of different groups of adults and ... Gender & Sexuality Gender Gender Studies - Soc Sci Gender Studies Law Anthropology Social Sciences Sociology & Social Policy ... 3. Queering Gender [Identity] in International Law. Dianne Otto. 4. Enhancing LGBTI Rights by Changing the Interpretation of ... 1. Human Rights, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity. Anne Hellum. 2. The Yogyakarta Principles at Ten. Michael OFlaherty ...
... to ask about sexual orientation and gender identity in surveys? Apply these best practices and our latest research. ... So weve just made a fine case for asking about sexual orientation and gender identity and given you tips to do it well. But ... Lets say, for instance, that a survey asks respondents to specify their gender identity. If they select "non-binary," and are ... If theres only one openly transgender sales rep at the organization, that person may feel that by answering a gender identity ...
What does "gender identity" mean?. The term "gender identity" refers to ones internal sense of ones own gender. It may or may ... gender identity, or recorded gender. For example, where a transgender man needs medical treatment for ovarian cancer, a ... "gender identity" in job solicitations and advertisements?. No. Contractors cannot abbreviate "sexual orientation" and "gender ... Discrimination based on gender identity in the provision of fringe benefits falls within the scope of Executive Order 11246 and ...
... provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and Wales by gender identity. ... Gender identity, England and Wales: Census 2021 The gender identity of usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and ... Gender identity the same as sex registered at birth. *Gender identity different from sex registered at birth but no specific ... Gender identity. Classifies people according to the responses to the gender identity question. This question was voluntary and ...
Embodiment, Identity, and Gender in the Early Modern Age Edited By Amy Leonard, David Whitford Copyright 2021 ... Early Modern History 1500-1750 Early Modern Europe Womens & Gender History Social & Cultural History Gender Studies - Soc Sci ... these essays address the wide diversity and historical complexity of identity, gender, and the body in the early modern age. ... Amy E. Leonard (Associate Professor of History at Georgetown University) focuses on women, gender, and sexuality in Reformation ...
... among students of differing gender identities, as well as those in racialized categories of identity who have been historically ... their gender identities erased by design. As AAG uses these terms in the absence of better options, we acknowledge the flaw in ... people of diverse gender identities-to study and contribute to the study of natural resources, climate, and conservation, food ... Data exist from gender trends in AP Human Geography class enrollment in high school, where it seems likely that more people ...
Heres a guide to talking gender in its beautiful complexity. ... Jump to a term: Sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression ... Unlike gender expression, gender identity is not outwardly visible to others. For most people, gender identity aligns with the ... Gender is often categorized as male, female or nonbinary. Gender identity is ones own internal sense of self and their gender ... Gender-expansive is an adjective that can describe someone with a more flexible gender identity than might be associated with a ...
Home Tag: gender identity. Topic: gender identity Floridas Board of Education passes rule on transgender bathroom use. August ... LGBTQ activists show up in force on debate on gender identity in schools. February 23, 2023. , Spencer Irvine. ... Indiana House passes bill barring gender identity in K-3 classes. March 1, 2023. , Spencer Irvine. ... New Jersey Board of Education imposes gender-neutral terms as part of equity policy. August 7, 2023. , Spencer Irvine. ...
The Exhale Identity Series is a yearly, student-centered zine published by the Gender & Sexuality Center. Through Exhale, we ... The Exhale Identity Series is a two-part program inviting folks to share their experiences, stories, and artwork around a ... See the tabs below to learn about the creation of Exhale Identity Series, our hopes for the program, and ways to get involved ... Exemplify Vulnerability: Opting in to submit a moment of self-discovery and share stories tied into your identity requires ...
How to update your gender identity and pronouns. Students may also choose to notify the college of their pronouns and gender ... Preferred Name, Gender Identity & Pronoun Policies Augustana College recognizes that students may choose to identify themselves ... If a student enters this information in Arches, pronouns and gender identity will appear in the following places within Arches. ... Students may also submit a flag in Starfish to request gender-affirming support on campus. After submitting the confidential ...
This article presents a comprehensive model to explain the development of the various manifestations of gender variance amongst ... Identity-Defence Model - degree of gender-variant identity. The gender-variant identity is ... TheIdentity‐DefenceModelofGender‐VarianceDevelopment. The Identity-Defence Model of Gender-Variance Development builds on ... gender-variant identity is more likely to become ego-dystonic, and the gender-variant identity ...
Greenson, R. R. (1964) On Homosexuality and Gender Identity. International Journal of Psychoanalysis 45:217-219 ...
Supreme Court Outlaws Workplace Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity. ... Supreme Court has held that employers who discriminate against employees due to their sexual orientation or gender identity ... employers nationwide are barred from discriminating against workers on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity in ... the ruling also prohibits workplace harassment based on sexual orientation or gender identity. ...
... calling for the repeal of a gender identity policy. ... CCSD gender identity policy criticized; police union declares ... A large crowd of people showed up at the Clark County School Board meeting, calling for the repeal of a gender identity policy. ... A large crowd of people showed up at Thursdays Clark County School Board meeting, calling for the repeal of a gender identity ... It was the second school board meeting this month that drew people who were pushing for the repeal of the gender identity ...
  • Please read the Sexual orientation and gender identity quality information for Census 2021 before using this data. (ons.gov.uk)
  • This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and Wales by gender identity. (ons.gov.uk)
  • The gender identity of usual residents aged 16 years and over in England and Wales, Census 2021 data. (ons.gov.uk)
  • According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) comprehensive sexuality education should raise awareness of topics such as gender and gender identity. (wikipedia.org)
  • This page on the EServer, a digital humanities venture based at Iowa State University, publishes texts which address gender studies and queer studies, with a particular focus upon discussions of sex, gender, sexual identity, and sexuality in cultural practices. (uua.org)
  • Every single person on this planet will experience gender and sexuality in a variety of ways. (nfb.ca)
  • This playlist asks its viewers to consider the multitude of stories experienced by 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals and communities in order to create deeper, more empathetic understandings of what it means to be 2SLGBTQIA+ and additionally, to open up conversations about what it means for anyone to experience gender and sexuality. (nfb.ca)
  • How human rights principles, like the right to gender identity, freedom, integrity and equality, respond to the concerns of different groups of adults and children who experience gender harm due to the binary conception of sexuality and gender identity is the overall theme of this book. (routledge.com)
  • With its diversity of topics, fields, and interests of its authors, this volume is a valuable source for students and scholars of the history of women, gender, and sexuality as well as social and cultural history in the early modern world. (routledge.com)
  • Amy E. Leonard (Associate Professor of History at Georgetown University) focuses on women, gender, and sexuality in Reformation Germany. (routledge.com)
  • The Exhale Identity Series is a yearly, student-centered zine published by the Gender & Sexuality Center. (carleton.edu)
  • Rethinking Sexism, Gender, and Sexuality: Join our campaign! (rethinkingschools.org)
  • This elective will explore a biblical understanding of gender as a subset of sexuality, and will speak to those who struggle with their gender identity and offer guidance to those who care for them. (ccef.org)
  • Thank you for stopping by to learn more about the Coalition for Sexuality & Gender Identities. (myacpa.org)
  • The Coalition for Sexuality and Gender Identities (CSGI) is one of the Entity Groups within ACPA charged to increase awareness, eliminate oppression, and provide support for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community in higher education, for faculty, students, and staff. (myacpa.org)
  • The roots of the Coalition for Sexuality and Gender Identities, CSGI, reach back to 1982, when a ground breaking idea called Opening the Closet Door was held at the 1983 convention. (myacpa.org)
  • In 2017, the Coalition was renamed to the Coalition for Sexuality and Gender Identities to more inclusively reflect the membership of the Coalition. (myacpa.org)
  • Includes common definitions, resource lists, information on gender neutral pronouns, a trans accessibility worksheet, and resources for allies. (uua.org)
  • No. Parent(s)/guardian(s) consent is NOT required for students to be addressed by their name and pronouns that correspond to their gender identity. (breitbart.com)
  • Illinois Tech strives to support the expression and self-identification of gender and personal pronouns. (iit.edu)
  • You can select your gender identity and pronouns by clicking "Edit" in the "Personal Details" panel. (iit.edu)
  • Proper use of gender identity terms, including pronouns, is a crucial way to signal courtesy and acceptance. (nhpr.org)
  • Students may also choose to notify the college of their pronouns and gender identity by completing the steps in Arches. (augustana.edu)
  • If a student enters this information in Arches, pronouns and gender identity will appear in the following places within Arches. (augustana.edu)
  • In most societies, there is a basic division between gender attributes associated with males and females, a gender binary to which most people adhere and which includes expectations of masculinity and femininity in all aspects of sex and gender: biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation. (wikipedia.org)
  • (ECU, 2016) Trans people may for example identify as non-binary, non-gendered, gender variant, or gender-fluid and, some intersex people may identify as trans. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Accommodations shall be provided to gender non-binary students and students questioning their gender identity, regardless of whether the student is consistently asserting their identity at school. (breitbart.com)
  • Transgender is an umbrella term for people who identify as a gender that is not the same as the sex they were assigned at birth, as well as for people who do not fit into dominant and binary expectations of gender (Ansara, 2010). (aamft.org)
  • For instance, assuming someone who identifies as transgender is interested in changing their gender expression from one end of the gender binary spectrum to the other, such as male to female, might be inaccurate for some people and accurate for others. (aamft.org)
  • It is also important for therapists to be aware of the impact of dominant and binary ideas of gender on clients who are questioning and exploring their own gender identities, expressions and roles. (aamft.org)
  • It is important to note that many trans people are also comfortable with binary identities and expressions. (aamft.org)
  • In the US, gender within surveys has become increasingly non-binary, with the percent of surveys with gender questions that include more than two gender options quadrupling from 16% to 64% over the past decade. (businesswire.com)
  • AAG's own data-gathering, based on voluntary identification of gender by our members, demonstrates that at least 2% of our members identify outside the normative binary. (aag.org)
  • Gender-expansive is an adjective that can describe someone with a more flexible gender identity than might be associated with a typical gender binary. (nhpr.org)
  • Further, for those with a gender identity that exists outside of binary male-female identities, for example, a gender fluid, agender , or non-binary type of identity, the gender role (perceived "norms") for that identity may not exist in explicit terms. (medscape.com)
  • There is a growing recognition that some people do not fit into the traditional, binary, male or female gender identities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender is typically assigned at birth, based on a baby having the outward appearance (genital organs) of either a male or a female as per a social construct of a binary system of two genders (male or female). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some people express their gender in ways that do not fit into traditional binary social norms of male or female gender. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cisgender is a term used to indicate people whose gender identity and sex assigned at birth align, and are on the same side. (aamft.org)
  • With gender-questioning clients, therapy also includes a critical examination of societal, cultural, and familial constructions of gender, opening up options outside of the dominant cisgender female and male identities, if those are what the client wants. (aamft.org)
  • Cisgender, or simply cis , is an adjective that describes a person whose gender identity aligns with the sex they were assigned at birth. (nhpr.org)
  • The term cisgender, which applies to the majority of people, is used to refer to people whose gender identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cisgender describes people whose gender identity and gender expression align with the sex assigned at birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If your gender identity matches the gender assigned to you at birth, this is called cisgender. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gender is society's set of expectations, standards, and characteristics about how men and women are supposed to act. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Examining what individuals on the SurveyMonkey platform choose to offer as gender identity options is one way to see how society's understanding of gender has advanced over the last decade. (businesswire.com)
  • It is ultimately the result of a person's relation to their society's understanding of gendered groups. (medscape.com)
  • Agender is an adjective that can describe a person who does not identify as any gender. (nhpr.org)
  • Clients interested in gender questioning and exploration recognize a dissonance around identity or might be experiencing gender dysphoria, but they may not know what to do about their feelings. (aamft.org)
  • Those whose gender identity does not match their natal sex often suffer gender dysphoria. (metroweekly.com)
  • Jane Doe, one of the parent plaintiffs in the case, hailed Hinkle's ruling as a welcome relief as she and her husband try to ensure their 11-year-old daughter - who has not yet undergone puberty - can eventually receive puberty blockers to treat her gender dysphoria when she reaches the stage of puberty referred to as "Tanner stage II. (metroweekly.com)
  • The topic of gender identity is often discussed merely in terms of dysfunction, and the diagnosis of gender dysphoria or gender incongruence can be made in both children and adults. (medscape.com)
  • It has been postulated that gender dysphoria is associated with self eroticism in trans women. (gires.org.uk)
  • Gender dysphoria is the term for a deep sense of unease and distress that may occur when your biological sex does not match your gender identity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • No one knows exactly what causes gender dysphoria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Children and adults can experience gender dysphoria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The emotional pain and distress of gender dysphoria can interfere with school, work, social life, religious practice, or other areas of life. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with gender dysphoria may become anxious , depressed , and in many cases, even suicidal . (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is very important for people with gender dysphoria to receive psychological and social support and understanding from medical professionals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When choosing a health care provider, look for individuals who are trained to identify and work with people with gender dysphoria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gender dysphoria is diagnosed if you have had two symptoms or more for at least 6 months. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gender is often categorized as male, female or nonbinary. (nhpr.org)
  • Nonbinary is a term that can be used by people who do not describe themselves or their genders as fitting into the categories of man or woman. (nhpr.org)
  • These people may refer to themselves as gender nonbinary or genderqueer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Examples of gender-diverse identities include transgender, genderqueer, gender nonbinary, and other gender identities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender nonbinary describes people who have more than one gender identity simultaneously or at different times. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Trans and transgender are inclusive umbrella terms for people whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from the sex (male or female) they were assigned at birth. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Transgender, or simply trans, is an adjective used to describe someone whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned at birth. (nhpr.org)
  • Whether and how the status quo of gender duality is reproduced, in spite of international law's growing recognition of the multiplicity of sexualities and gender identities, is discussed. (routledge.com)
  • 3) after this "peak of rigidity", fluidity returns and socially defined gender roles relax somewhat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Social factors which may influence gender identity include ideas regarding gender roles conveyed by family, authority figures, mass media, and other influential people in a child's life. (wikipedia.org)
  • When children are raised by individuals who adhere to stringent gender roles, they are more likely to behave in the same way, matching their gender identity with the corresponding stereotypical gender patterns. (wikipedia.org)
  • What are gender roles and stereotypes? (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Gender includes gender roles , which are expectations society and people have about behaviors, thoughts, and characteristics that go along with a person's assigned sex. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Therapists can then help in supporting clients managing those challenges, as well as in reminding them that there are many different expressions of gender identities, expressions and roles. (aamft.org)
  • The authors, all leading experts in their fields, utilize a broad range of methodologies from cultural history to women's history, from masculinity studies to digital mapping, to explore the dynamics and power of constructed gender roles. (routledge.com)
  • Gender is often defined as a social construct of norms, behaviors and roles that varies between societies and over time. (nhpr.org)
  • For gender identity, gender expression, and gender roles, a variety of combinations may occur and can change over time. (medscape.com)
  • Historically, female creatives have been well represented across producer roles and therefore the NZFC's attention is driven towards ensuring equality among the genders of those creatives occupying director and writer roles. (filmnz.com)
  • The following graph shows the representation of each gender across key creative roles. (filmnz.com)
  • Although this is far from the 71% achieved across producer roles, it is a great sign that the NZFC is working towards achieving gender equality across key creative roles and the organisation is continuing to support female stories and female led projects. (filmnz.com)
  • These people may choose labels such as "genderqueer," "gender variant," or "gender fluid. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Genderqueer describes people whose gender identity is not strictly male or female and may include both or neither. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender expression typically reflects a person's gender identity, but this is not always the case. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gender expression can, but does not always reflect a person's gender identity. (medscape.com)
  • Our approach to gender identity and provision of support for trans staff and students ensures the University meets the requirements of the Equality Act 2010 in relation to the protected characteristic of ' gender reassignment ' and the obligations under the Gender Recognition Act 2004. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The Equality Act 2010 provides protection for people who propose to undergo, are undergoing or have undergone a process (or part of a process) of gender reassignment. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • A person does not have to be under medical supervision to have the protected characteristic of gender reassignment. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • I hear a general level of concern that our culture is embracing something that is not good, is not biblical in how they think about gender, identity, people transitioning genders, reassignment surgeries, and all the rest. (ccef.org)
  • According to our 2023 State of Surveys research , the way people ask about gender in surveys has drastically changed over the past decade. (surveymonkey.com)
  • One of the most revealing findings from our 2023 State of Surveys report revolved around gender inclusivity. (surveymonkey.com)
  • We predict that this percentage will grow in 2023 and beyond, as attitudes about gender identity continue to evolve. (surveymonkey.com)
  • The University recognises gender identity transition and affirmation as a unique personal process, which may or may not involve medical intervention. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Trans people can and do, of course, seek therapy for gender and/or transition related concerns. (aamft.org)
  • Some of those concerns may include: gender questioning and exploration, assistance with social, legal, and/or medical transition, and relational difficulties. (aamft.org)
  • These clients usually have a clear vision of gender transition and therapy is often focused on assisting them with this goal. (aamft.org)
  • Gender transition is a process a person may take to bring themselves and/or their bodies into alignment with their gender identity. (nhpr.org)
  • Ferguson argues human identity is not determined by the individual but is given to us by our Creator, who designed us with purpose and encourages us to live in Christlikeness-valuing heavenly transformation over earthly transition. (crossway.org)
  • Children Starting Gender Transition Using Hormones at Early Age Is OK, Medical Org. (christianpost.com)
  • This may include helping you transition to the gender you identify with. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gender identity is one's own internal sense of self and their gender, whether that is man, woman, neither or both. (nhpr.org)
  • the gender of one's anatomic sex (der ived from Docter 1988, p. 201). (researchgate.net)
  • Because there are many possible trans identities, experiences and expressions, when clients do not have a clear picture of how they wish to express gender, family therapists can assist them in exploring possibilities. (aamft.org)
  • Ranging from intellectual representations of virginity to the plight of refugees, from the sea journeys of Jesuit missionaries to the impact of Transatlantic economies on women's work, from nuns discovering new ways to tolerate different religious expressions to bleeding corpses used in criminal trials, these essays address the wide diversity and historical complexity of identity, gender, and the body in the early modern age. (routledge.com)
  • They were referring to Clark County School District policy 5138, titled "addressing the rights and needs of students with diverse gender identities or expressions. (reviewjournal.com)
  • Transgender is a general term that describes people with gender identities or gender expressions that differ from those typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our approach to transgender equality and gender identity inclusion operates under the framework of Oxford Brookes University's Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Harassment and Bullying policies and the Brookes Charter . (brookes.ac.uk)
  • We have adopted a Transgender and Gender Identity Equality Policy . (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Growing up in a world where gender was defined as either male or female, groups such as the national organisation of women (NOW) flourished and , at times made some valid points as to equality as did many of the gay rights organizations. (hubpages.com)
  • In order to fully understand the equality or inequality of genders across projects funded by the NZFC, the Project Count Method needs to be interrogated in isolation as well as in conjunction with the Head Count Method . (filmnz.com)
  • This allows the NZFC to measure and report on continued efforts towards establishing gender equality within the screen industry. (filmnz.com)
  • Toward gender equality : the role of public policy. (who.int)
  • EVANSTON, Ill. --- New Northwestern University research analyzing the ways children's gender narratives reinforce or disrupt gender inequality found that older children -- and girls -- are more likely to tell alternative narratives that disrupted the gender status quo. (eurekalert.org)
  • In Europe, more than one in three (37%) trans people felt discriminated against because of their gender identity while looking for a job, says a European Union Agency For Fundamental Rights (FRA) research . (forbes.com)
  • Inclusive language and terminology relating to gender identity and trans people are evolving rapidly, and individuals will have differing terms with which they identify according to their backgrounds and experiences. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • For most people, gender identity is consistent with their anatomic (birth) sex and their gender expression (as when someone born with male anatomy [assigned male at birth] has an inner sense of masculinity and behaves in ways viewed as masculine in his society). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender identities include traditional masculinity or femininity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It's a heartwarming and emotional script from Tony Marchant that focuses upon gender identity and one boy's search to be recognised for who he really is. (lep.co.uk)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Gender identity. (who.int)
  • The social learning theory posits that children furthermore develop their gender identity through observing and imitating gender-linked behaviors, and then being rewarded or punished for behaving that way, thus being shaped by the people surrounding them through trying to imitate and follow them. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's common for people to confuse sex, gender, and gender identity. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Each culture has standards about the way that people should behave based on their gender. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Other people feel that their assigned sex is of the other gender from their gender identity (i.e., assigned sex is female, but gender identity is male). (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Not all transgender people share the same exact identity. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • The Gender Recognition Act 2004 allows people to apply to the Gender Recognition Panel for full legal recognition of their affirmed gender. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • GEA is an organization that educates and advocates for transgender people as well as all people who suffer from gender-based oppression. (uua.org)
  • in fact, significantly more people skipped the question about income compared to the question on sexual identity. (surveymonkey.com)
  • Classifies people according to the responses to the gender identity question. (ons.gov.uk)
  • Because the two conventional classifications of gender are so rigid, people who identify differently from "man" or "woman" have to be miscategorized to be counted, their gender identities erased by design. (aag.org)
  • In the physical sciences, the gender mix is also showing signs of being more inclusive of people identified as women, this time at all levels from undergraduate through doctorate. (aag.org)
  • And when you're speaking to people, it's a really simple way to affirm their identity. (nhpr.org)
  • For most people, gender identity aligns with the sex assigned at birth, the American Psychological Association notes. (nhpr.org)
  • For transgender people, gender identity differs in varying degrees from the sex assigned at birth. (nhpr.org)
  • A large crowd of people showed up at the Clark County School Board meeting, calling for the repeal of a gender identity policy. (reviewjournal.com)
  • It was the second school board meeting this month that drew people who were pushing for the repeal of the gender identity policy. (reviewjournal.com)
  • The measure allows transgender people over the age of 14 to update their names on legal documents and guarantees their right to be officially addressed according to their true gender. (hrc.org)
  • In another historic development in Latin America, Uruguay enacted a groundbreaking law last month expanding the country's existing gender identity law to include transgender people under the age of 18 and providing important additional protections. (hrc.org)
  • These include a right to access gender-affirming surgery and hormone therapy, reserving one percent of government jobs for transgender people, and establishing a pension fund to compensate transgender people who were persecuted during Uruguay's military dictatorship. (hrc.org)
  • While Chile's new law is an important step forward, it does not apply to transgender people under the age of 14 and continues to unjustly limit their ability to update their identity documents to reflect their authentic selves. (hrc.org)
  • People are losing social media accounts or being fired for 'misgendering' someone or not 'affirming' a person's' claimed 'gender identity. (insidehighered.com)
  • Since the beginning of humanity, people have recognized God's distinct design of male and female gender. (crossway.org)
  • Well, that's the topic that David Powlison and I tackled today in a podcast about gender identity and how we can think about responding to and reaching out to the people around us in the face of a very, very challenging issue. (ccef.org)
  • But in the world of today, with so many genders "popping" into existence and people simply permitted to identify as one of these genders at will, the arguments of the afore mentioned groups have become severely diluted. (hubpages.com)
  • But, let us suppose that society opts out of gender neutrality in favor of selective gender identity, thus allowing people to choose their genders from a list of 15 or so options. (hubpages.com)
  • Selective gender identity also removes the argument that people are born as homosexuals. (hubpages.com)
  • Since it would be difficult to tell who is who in a gender selective society, any claims of discrimination against gay people vanish as well. (hubpages.com)
  • Protesters take part in a demonstration as the Greek Parliament debates bill allowing people to choose legal gender, in Athens, Greece, October 9, 2017. (christianpost.com)
  • Greece began debating on Monday a bill allowing people to change their gender identity without medical treatment, a move that was welcomed by human rights groups but exposed political divisions and church opposition. (christianpost.com)
  • The ironic stares, the mocking when people see that my identity doesn't correspond to my looks, will finally end," she told Reuters, covered in a rainbow flag. (christianpost.com)
  • Gender identity is how people see themselves, whether masculine, feminine, or some other gender identity, which may or may not correspond sex at birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Some people feel that their gender identity does not match their birth sex. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender identity is how people see themselves, whether as masculine, feminine, or some other gender identity, which may or may not correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender expression is how people present themselves in public in terms of gender. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gender nonconforming describes people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from the gender norms associated with the sex they were assigned at birth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, at any age, some people may begin to feel that their gender identity does not match their birth sex. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is important to mention that the anxiety transgender people may feel due to having the body of the wrong gender is deeply distressing. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Symptoms vary, depending upon a person's age, but most people want to live in a way that matches their gender identity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Journalist and author Abigail Shrier shared on social media Thursday a 2018 memo sent to her by a Chicago Public Schools (CPS) teacher that explicitly states parents are not to be informed if their children have changed their gender identities. (breitbart.com)
  • The UK ranks highest among countries examined regarding the number of gender options offered, with 2018 being the turning point for more inclusive survey demographics when the use of just two options fell below half (42%) 1 . (businesswire.com)
  • We mostly discuss the ways in which children reinforce gender stereotypes or align themselves with gender norms, but children also question and resist these gender scripts. (eurekalert.org)
  • If we had not intentionally considered the ways in which children might challenge gender master narratives, we might have missed the 'incongruent' children because through one lens, they were reinforcing gender norms. (eurekalert.org)
  • If he deviates from those norms, then his gender expression may be demonstrating a role that is not typically male, regardless of his gender identity. (medscape.com)
  • In the realm of pediatrics, recognition of gender identity is a process rather than a particular milestone, and variance from societal norms can cause distress to both the child and the child's family. (medscape.com)
  • While a person may express behaviors, attitudes, and appearances consistent with a particular gender role, such expression may not necessarily reflect their gender identity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gender is much more complex: It's a social and legal status, and set of expectations from society, about behaviors, characteristics, and thoughts. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Clothing, appearance, and behaviors can all be ways to express your gender identity. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • gender role, on the other hand, is demonstrated within society by a set of expected behaviors or characteristics for a given gender. (medscape.com)
  • Many cultures are more tolerant of gender-nonconforming behaviors in young girls than in boys. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Will OFCCP accept complaints of "disparate impact" discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity? (dol.gov)
  • How does Executive Order 11246 affect employers in jurisdictions that already prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and/or gender identity? (dol.gov)
  • As a result of this decision, employers nationwide are barred from discriminating against workers on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity in any aspect of employment, including hiring, training, promotion, compensation, discipline, and termination. (nolo.com)
  • Mothers, Friends and Gender Identity ," IZA Discussion Papers 7704, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). (repec.org)
  • Mothers, Friends and Gender Identity ," NBER Working Papers 19610, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
  • Mothers, Friends and Gender Identity ," CEPR Discussion Papers 9712, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. (repec.org)
  • However, the University seeks to go beyond legal compliance in recognising that the current legislation does not cover a fully inclusive definition of trans identities. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • This resource from the Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) Network tells how to make your gay-straight alliance more gender-inclusive and your school safer for transgender and gender-questioning students. (uua.org)
  • There is no denying that surveys globally are becoming more inclusive of different gender identities, a small step in ensuring that individuals have the opportunity for their voices to be heard and valued. (businesswire.com)
  • By being all inclusive, the causes for lesbians and gays are trivialized in an effort to include transgender, gender fluid, individuals and so forth. (hubpages.com)
  • Different places, different voices : gender and development in Africa, Asia and Latin America / edited by Janet Henshall Momsen and Vivian Kinnaird. (who.int)
  • Canadian Online Journal of Queer Studies in Education Website: http://jqstudies.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/jqstudies/index Columbia Journal of Gender & Law Website: http://cjgl.cdrs.columbia.edu/ Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy. (myacpa.org)
  • Barbara Newmann breaks it down into four parts: (1) understanding the concept of gender, (2) learning gender role standards and stereotypes, (3) identifying with parents, and (4) forming gender preference. (wikipedia.org)
  • They should also be designed to affirm someone's identity rather than limit it. (surveymonkey.com)
  • Both adjectives are used to describe experiences of someone's gender identity. (nhpr.org)
  • His gender expression in this instance, is masculine if he demonstrates his culture's typically male characteristics in behavior, clothing, and/or mannerisms. (medscape.com)
  • Trans Youth Family Allies (TYFA) empowers children and families by partnering with educators, service providers and communities, to develop supportive environments in which gender may be expressed and respected. (uua.org)
  • We aim to anticipate and assist positively in meeting the needs of trans and gender variant staff and students, allowing everyone to achieve to their full potential. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Firstly, biological factors and early childhood influences determine whether and to what degree a gender-variant identity develops. (researchgate.net)
  • Sexual orientation and cross-gender eroticism are strongly correlated with the gender-variant outcomes in the model, and this is explained in the model using Bem's (1996)4. (researchgate.net)
  • gender-variant identity develops. (researchgate.net)
  • This article presents a comprehensive model to explain the development of the various manifestations of gender variance amongst birth-assigned males and females. (researchgate.net)
  • manifestations of gender-variance amongst bi rth-assigned males and females. (researchgate.net)
  • What are the differences between sex, gender, and gender identity? (plannedparenthood.org)
  • Children who told "difference" narratives spoke about gender in ways that emphasized the differences between boys and girls. (eurekalert.org)
  • For the next several months, we-the authors of this AAG report-will examine how these trends manifest, with similarities and differences, among students of differing gender identities, as well as those in racialized categories of identity who have been historically excluded from geography. (aag.org)
  • Dr. Harold Davis talks about some of the issues facing our youth today: sexual promiscuity, gender identity issues, same-sex attraction, and peer pressure to name a few. (familylife.com)
  • According to the BBC, the U.K.'s "only dedicated gender identity clinic" for youth has been ordered to shut down. (breakpoint.org)
  • Loaded with practical advice, this book is a must-read for those who struggle with gender identity-and for their parents, youth leaders, and pastors. (crossway.org)
  • Title : Teacher Support, Victimization, and Alcohol Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: Considering Ethnoracial Identity Personal Author(s) : Watson, Ryan J.;Fish, Jessica N.;Poteat, V. Paul;Wheldon, Christopher W.;Cunningham, Casey A.;Puhl, Rebecca M.;Eaton, Lisa A. (cdc.gov)
  • Oxford Brookes University will not tolerate transphobic harassment and bullying (eg using the wrong name or pronoun in relation to a transgender person or persistently referring to their gender identity history). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Students have the right to be addressed by the name and pronoun that correspond to the gender identity they consistently assert at school. (breitbart.com)
  • The university will provide the option for students to elect to add a gender identity and personal pronoun to their profile for use within Illinois Tech systems, except for when the university determines that the use of the legal name is necessary or required by university business or legal need. (iit.edu)
  • Changes to your personal pronoun and gender identity can be made under the "Welcome" tab in your myIIT portal. (iit.edu)
  • Temporal and Geographic Patterns of Documentation of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Keywords in Clinical Notes. (bvsalud.org)
  • To gain greater insight into the care of sexual and gender -diverse patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), we examined the documentation patterns of sexual orientation and gender identity through extraction and analyses of data contained in unstructured electronic health record clinical notes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since gender identity is now a choice, so is homosexuality. (hubpages.com)
  • In some cases of masculine homosexuality, one can observe that basically there is an effort to preserve a double identity in order to keep an ego which in other conditions would come to disaggregation. (bvsalud.org)
  • There's a lot more to being male, female, or any gender than the sex assigned at birth. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • How transgender men, in countries that permit legal gender change, have been successfully prosecuted for gender fraud by female partners claiming to be unaware of their gender history is given attention. (routledge.com)
  • CIP data about gender is based on only the two normative choices: male and female. (aag.org)
  • A transgender man, for example, is someone who was listed as female at birth but whose gender identity is male. (nhpr.org)
  • Gender identity is defined as a personal and internal sense of oneself as male, female, or other. (medscape.com)
  • Is our identity as male and female fundamentally oppressive or creative? (crossway.org)
  • For example, you may be assigned at birth as a female gender, but you feel a deep inner sense of being male. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gender identity is how you feel and identify, and can be as a female, male, or both. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, if were born biologically female and were assigned a female gender, but you feel a deep inner sense of being a man, you are a transgender man. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Conclusions: Main findings of lower pain intensity reported by males to a female than to a male investigator early after surgery in this paired crossover study in mixed postoperative patients, indicate that potential impact of investigator gender on pain perception should be considered and further evaluated in clinical bedside practice. (lu.se)
  • Offering a diverse set of gender options in surveys allows respondents to most accurately share their identity in a key way to ensure that everyone feels heard. (businesswire.com)
  • As AAG uses these terms in the absence of better options, we acknowledge the flaw in the data and the need to push the field to more accurately capture the range of genders in future reports. (aag.org)
  • In this case, it indicates someone who identifies their gender somewhere across from their sex assigned at birth. (aamft.org)
  • For example, if a person identifies as male and is most comfortable referring to his personal gender in masculine terms, then his gender identity is male. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, if a gay man is in a relationship with another man who identifies as a woman, under the rules of selective gender identity, the gay man becomes a heterosexual! (hubpages.com)
  • Some people's assigned sex and gender identity are pretty much the same, or in line with each other. (plannedparenthood.org)
  • The 'gender identity' movement is canceling people's free speech and academic freedom for anyone who doesn't fall in line, speaks out in opposition, or even calls for the right to debate," the professor, Donna Hughes, wrote in a recent essay for 4W , a "fourth-wave" feminist website. (insidehighered.com)
  • As background, two previous theories of gender-variance development proposed by Richard Docter and Ray Blanchard are introduced. (researchgate.net)
  • The model presented in this article is called the identity-defense model of gender-variance development because it has two parts. (researchgate.net)
  • Secondly, personality and environment factors determine whether defense mechanisms are used to repress the gender variance. (researchgate.net)
  • If defense mechanisms are used, then the resultant outcome is either a nonclassical transsexual or cross-dresser, depending on the degree of gender variance. (researchgate.net)
  • If defense mechanisms are not used, then classical transsexuals or drag artists are the likely outcomes, again depending on the level of the gender variance. (researchgate.net)
  • whether defence mechanisms are used to repress the gender-variance. (researchgate.net)
  • the gender-variance. (researchgate.net)
  • Biological factors that influence gender identity include pre- and post-natal hormone levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • The data shows that the majority (79%) of surveys in the UK now include over two gender options, with 30% offering four options and just under a fifth (18%) providing five or more options. (businesswire.com)
  • Under Executive Order 11246 and its implementing regulations, federal contracting agencies must include sexual orientation and gender identity as prohibited bases of discrimination in the Equal Opportunity Clause in federal contracts. (dol.gov)
  • If I include all of the bases instead of the phrase "equal opportunity employer," can I abbreviate "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" in job solicitations and advertisements? (dol.gov)
  • The memo, whose subject is "Supporting Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Students," appears to be consistent with CPS's " Supporting Gender Diversity Toolkit . (breitbart.com)
  • The data available to us add to our understanding of the state of gender diversity in geography and academia from 1986 until now. (aag.org)
  • How can we gain further insight, not only into changes in the gender representation in our discipline, but the factors that lead to greater success in diversity and inclusiveness? (aag.org)
  • The gender diversity policy is protected by Nevada statute, she said. (reviewjournal.com)
  • This expression can be seen on a continuum, and in most cases allows for a degree of individual variation, but this often depends on the culture and level of acceptance of gender diversity. (medscape.com)
  • We need legislation NOW to stop schools from sneaking behind parents' backs to change their minor child's name and gender. (breitbart.com)
  • Shrier, the author of Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters , wrote, "We need legislation NOW to stop schools from sneaking behind parents' backs to change their minor child's name and gender. (breitbart.com)
  • The draft legislation says persons have the right to change legal gender twice, and applicants must not be married. (christianpost.com)
  • While human rights discourse related to LGBTI persons so far has been moulded on the experiences of adults this book gives voice to the concerns of gender-non confirming children. (routledge.com)
  • The form, previously approved by the Florida Board of Medicine and the Florida Board of Osteopathic Medicine, seeks to discourage adults from pursuing gender-affirming treatments by portraying them as dangerous and experimental. (metroweekly.com)
  • Students shall be permitted to participate in accordance with their gender identity or in a manner that makes them feel safe, affirmed, and included. (breitbart.com)
  • Students may also submit a flag in Starfish to request gender-affirming support on campus. (augustana.edu)
  • URI said its administration, College of Arts and Sciences and department of gender and women's studies are now "working to support our students and the community as we move through -- and learn from -- this situation. (insidehighered.com)
  • Incongruent narratives characterized children whose gender stories seemed to express conflict or discordance, as they espoused one of the master narratives but also questioned it. (eurekalert.org)
  • The University of Rhode Island is distancing itself from an endowed professor of gender and women's studies who recently wrote about what she calls the "trans-sex fantasy. (insidehighered.com)
  • If society were to eliminate gender identity and adopt a gender neutral stance, how can "women's groups" even exist if there are no women? (hubpages.com)
  • We are already starting to see a negative aspect of selective gender surfacing in the area of women's sports. (hubpages.com)
  • The law, SB 180 , called the Women's Bill of Rights, passed earlier this year and establishes a biology-based definition of "woman," stops biological men from accessing women's bathrooms and locker rooms, and forbids gender-confused individuals from changing their sex on official government documents. (lifesitenews.com)
  • and to create a safe and positive environment for all forms of gender identity and expression. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The goal of therapy is to find an expression of gender that feels most genuine and authentic for the client, given their own sociocultural and geographic contexts. (aamft.org)
  • Unlike gender expression, gender identity is not outwardly visible to others. (nhpr.org)
  • Gender expression is how a person presents gender outwardly, through behavior, clothing, voice or other perceived characteristics. (nhpr.org)
  • Gender expression is defined as the way in which an individual publicly expresses their gender, for example, through aspects such as clothing, hair, makeup, and body language. (medscape.com)
  • The civil rights act was amended earlier this year by the Michigan Legislature to further add protections for sexual orientation and gender identity and expression. (wxyz.com)
  • Marcelina Trevino, the director of enforcement for the Michigan Department of Civil Rights, said Wednesday that the department has "been taking complaints and have jurisdiction under sex for both sexual orientation as well as gender identity or expression under case law," defined by previous rulings from Michigan's Court of Claims and state Supreme Court. (wxyz.com)
  • John Amanchukwu, a North Carolina pastor who has spoken at other school board meetings across the country, said he wanted to share "realities" such as that there are only two genders and he likened parents supporting the transitioning of a minor to child abuse. (reviewjournal.com)
  • Reversed realities : gender hierarchies in development thought / Naila Kabeer. (who.int)
  • Essentialists argue that gender identity is determined at birth by biological and genetic factors, while social constructivists argue that gender identity and the way it is expressed are socially constructed, instead determined by cultural and social influences. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relative preservation through sexual perversions of that which the author calls primal hermaphroditic nucleus is a means to preserve the unity of the ego, although the establishment of a perfect identity of the gender might suffer damage. (bvsalud.org)