Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.
Endoscopes used for examining the interior of the stomach.
Pathological processes involving the STOMACH.
Impaired digestion, especially after eating.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.
Procedure in which an individual is induced into a trance-like state to relieve pain. This procedure is frequently performed with local but not general ANESTHESIA.
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.
Instruments for the visual examination of the interior of the gastrointestinal tract.
A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.
Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
This is one of 2 related pepsinogen systems in humans and is also known as pepsinogen. (The other is PEPSINOGEN C.) This includes isozymogens Pg1-Pg5 (pepsinogens 1-5, group I or products of PGA1-PGA5 genes). This is the main pepsinogen found in urine.
Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
Non-invasive, endoscopic imaging by use of VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES to perform examination of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small bowel.
Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.
INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.
Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.
A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.
Organized services in a hospital which provide medical care on an outpatient basis.
Various agents with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate PEPTIC ULCER or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. This has included ANTIBIOTICS to treat HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS; HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS to reduce GASTRIC ACID secretion; and ANTACIDS for symptomatic relief.
Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.
A medical specialty concerned with the provision of continuing, comprehensive primary health care for the entire family.
The region between the sharp indentation at the lower third of the STOMACH (incisura angularis) and the junction of the PYLORUS with the DUODENUM. Pyloric antral glands contain mucus-secreting cells and gastrin-secreting endocrine cells (G CELLS).
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The different methods of scheduling patient visits, appointment systems, individual or group appointments, waiting times, waiting lists for hospitals, walk-in clinics, etc.
A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.
The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.
Any tests done on exhaled air.
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.
A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel for evaluating quality of medical care.

Arterial blood gas tensions during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. (1/820)

Arterial blood gas tensions were measured before and during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with (group I) and without (group 2) sedation with intravenous diazepam. There was a highly significant fall in the PaO2, which occurred in both groups and was therefore not attributable to diazepam. Measurement of FEV, and FVC before endoscopy had no predictive value for those patients whose PaO2 fell the most.  (+info)

Helicobacter pylori infection, garlic intake and precancerous lesions in a Chinese population at low risk of gastric cancer. (2/820)

BACKGROUND: Cangshan County of Shandong Province has one of the lowest rates of gastric cancer (GC) in China. While intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) are less common in Cangshan than in areas of Shandong at high risk of GC, these precursor lesions nevertheless affect about 20% of adults age > or = 55. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: In order to evaluate determinants of IM and DYS in Cangshan County, a low risk area of GC a survey was conducted among 214 adults who participated in a gastroscopic screening survey in Cangshan County in 1994. METHOD: A dietary interview and measurement of serum Helicobacter pylori antibodies were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori was lowest (19%) among those with normal gastric mucosa, rising steadily to 35% for superficial gastritis (SG), 56% for chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), 80% for IM, and 100% for DYS. The prevalence odds of precancerous lesions were compared with the odds of normal histology or SG. The odds ratio (OR) or CAG associated with H. pylori positivity was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.7-10.0), while the OR of IM/DYS associated with H. pylori positivity was 31.5 (95% CI: 5.2-187). After adjusting for H. pylori infection, drinking alcohol was a risk factor for CAG (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.2) and IM/DYS (OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 1.3-47.7). On the other hand, consumption of garlic showed non-significant protective effects and an inverse association with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that infection with H. pylori is a risk factor and garlic may be protective, in the development and progression of advanced precancerous gastric lesions in an area of China at relatively low risk of GC.  (+info)

Precancerous lesions in two counties of China with contrasting gastric cancer risk. (3/820)

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and shows remarkable geographical variation even within countries such as China. Linqu County in Shandong Province of northeast China has a GC rate that is 15 times higher than that of Cangshan County in Shandong, even though these counties are within 200 miles of each other. METHOD: In order to evaluate the frequency of precancerous gastric lesions in Linqu and Cangshan Counties we examined 3400 adults in Linqu County and 224 adults in Cangshan County. An endoscopic examination with four biopsies was performed in each individual of the two populations. RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia (DYS) was 30% and 15.1%, respectively, in Linqu compared to 7.9% and 5.6% in Cangshan (P < 0.01). Within these histological categories, advanced grades were found more often in Linqu than in Cangshan. The prevalences of IM and DYS were more common at each biopsy site in Linqu, where the lesions also tended to affect multiple sites. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study support the concept that IM and DYS are closely correlated with risks of GC and represent late stages in the multistep process of gastric carcinogenesis.  (+info)

A blind comparison of the effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopy in staging early gastric cancer. (4/820)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic ultrasonography is expected to be useful for invasion depth staging of early gastric cancer. A prospective blind study of the staging characteristics of endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography for early gastric cancer was performed. METHODS: Findings of endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography using a 20 MHz thin ultrasound probe were independently reviewed and the results of 52 early gastric cancer lesions analysed. RESULTS: The overall accuracy rates in invasion depth staging of early gastric cancer were 63% for endoscopy and 71% for endoscopic ultrasonography. No statistically significant differences were observed in overall accuracy. Endoscopic ultrasonography tended to overstage, and lesions that were classified as mucosal cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography were very likely (95%) to be limited to the mucosa on histological examination. All 16 lesions staged as mucosal cancer independently but coincidentally by both methods were histologically limited to the mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ultrasonography is expected to compensate for the understaging of lesions with submucosal invasion that are endoscopically staged as mucosal cancer.  (+info)

Relationship between mucosal levels of Helicobacter pylori-specific IgA, interleukin-8 and gastric inflammation. (5/820)

Mucosal IgA is important in local immune defence. Helicobacter pylori induces a specific IgA response in antral mucosa, but its immunopathology is unknown. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been suggested to be important in H. pylori-induced inflammation. Current information on the relationship between H. pylori-induced IgA and mucosal inflammation is limited. To investigate possible associations between mucosal-specific IgA, the toxinogenicity of H. pylori, mucosal levels of IL-8 and gastric inflammation, 52 endoscoped patients were studied. These comprised 28 patients with peptic ulcer and 24 with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Of these patients, 38 had H. pylori infection: 28 with peptic ulcer and 10 with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Antral biopsies were taken for histology, H. pylori culture and measurement of mucosal levels of IL-8 (pg/mg) and specific IgA (A450x1000) by ELISA. Mucosal H. pylori IgA was detectable in 35 out of 38 patients with H. pylori infection, with a median (interquartile) level of 220 (147, 531) units. There was no significant difference in mucosal levels of the IgA antibodies between patients infected with cytotoxin-positive or cagA-positive strains of H. pylori and those with toxin-negative or cagA-negative strains. The IgA levels in those patients with severe neutrophil infiltration were lower than in those with mild or moderate infiltration (P<0.05). There was a weak inverse correlation between antral mucosal IgA and IL-8 in infected patients (r=-0.36; P=0.04). H. pylori infection induced a significant local mucosal IgA response in most infected patients. The level of IgA antibodies does not appear to be correlated with the toxinogenicity of H. pylori. However, patients with severe active inflammation appear to have decreased levels of IgA. An inverse correlation between mucosal IL-8 and IgA may suggest that IL-8-induced inflammation compromises the mucosal IgA defence and renders the mucosa susceptible to further damage.  (+info)

The influence of metronidazole resistance on the efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate triple therapy regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection. (6/820)

AIM: To assess the influence of metronidazole resistance on the efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapy regimens in two consecutive studies. METHODS: In the first study, patients with a culture-proven Helicobacter pylori infection were treated with ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg, metronidazole 500 mg, and clarithromycin 500 mg, all twice daily for 1 week (RMC). In the second study, amoxycillin 1000 mg was substituted for clarithromycin (RMA). Susceptibility testing for metronidazole was performed with the E-test. Follow-up endoscopy was performed after >/= 4 weeks. Antral biopsy samples were taken for histology and urease test, and culture and corpus samples for histology and culture. RESULTS: 112 patients, 53 males, age 55 +/- 14 years (39 duodenal ulcer, 7 gastric ulcer and 66 gastritis) were treated with RMC, and 89 patients, 52 males, age 58 +/- 15 years (23 duodenal ulcer, 7 gastric ulcer and 59 gastritis) were treated with RMA. For RMC, intention-to-treat eradication results were 98% (59/60, 95% CI: 91-100%) and 95% (20/21, 95% CI: 76-100%) for metronidazole susceptible and resistant strains, respectively (P = 0.45). For RMA these figures were 87% (53/61, 95% CI: 76-94%) for metronidazole susceptible strains and 22% (2/9, 95% CI: 3-60%) for resistant strains (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Both regimens are effective in metronidazole susceptible strains. However, in contrast to the amoxycillin-containing regimen, that containing clarithromycin is also effective in resistant strains.  (+info)

Accuracy of screening for gastric cancer using serum pepsinogen concentrations. (7/820)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The characteristics of pepsinogen screening for gastric cancer were investigated to establish a suitable cut off point for identifying gastric cancer, using endoscopic diagnosis as the yardstick. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Serum pepsinogen concentrations were measured in 5113 subjects who were also screened for gastric cancer by endoscopy. The cut off point for pepsinogen was determined using receiver operator characteristics curves. RESULTS: The most suitable cut off point was a pepsinogen I concentration of less than 70 ng/ml and a ratio of pepsinogen I to pepsinogen II of less than 3. 0. Using this cut off point, the sensitivity and specificity of pepsinogen screening for gastric cancer were 84.6% and 73.5% respectively. All cases of gastric cancer in patients with severe atrophic gastritis were detected. However, two of four cases of gastric cancer in patients with mild atrophic gastritis were overlooked. In subjects with mild atrophic gastritis, when gastric cancer arises within the fundic gland region, the size of the lesion determines whether it is possible to detect cancer by serum pepsinogen screening. CONCLUSION: Pepsinogen screening has many advantages, including its suitability for combination with other screening methods because it is simple and inexpensive.  (+info)

Controversies and consensus in the diagnosis, work-up and treatment of gastric lymphoma: an international survey. (8/820)

BACKGROUND: Variations in diagnostic criteria and staging procedures in cancer patients have important consequences for patient selection and often preclude meaningful comparison of published series. In gastric lymphoma, these effects will play a role, since diagnostic criteria are controversial. Moreover, staging procedures and therapeutic choices are influenced by insights from different clinical specialisms. METHODS: To review the management of gastric lymphoma, formatted questionnaires were mailed to leading institutes with a special interest in this field in Europe, the United States and Japan. RESULTS: Nineteen centers agreed to contribute. Minimum histological criteria varied among pathologists with a notable influence of the classification system used in the different countries. Detailed evaluation of the lymphoma distribution in the gastric wall and routine staging of the GI-tract differed between groups leaded by medical oncologists and gastroenterologists. This results in basically different patient selections and bias in treatment outcome. Similar effects were recorded for the role of gastric resection and radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study gives insight in the basis of the decisions that result in different approaches in the management of gastric MALT-NHL and in the effects for patient selection and treatment results and may help in the design of future clinical trials.  (+info)

Gastroscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a gastroscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end, through the mouth and into the digestive tract. The gastroscope allows the doctor to visually examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors.

The procedure is usually performed under sedation to minimize discomfort, and it typically takes only a few minutes to complete. Gastroscopy can help diagnose various conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, stomach ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus. It can also be used to take tissue samples for biopsy or to treat certain conditions, such as bleeding or the removal of polyps.

A gastroscope is a type of endoscope that is used to examine the inside of the stomach. It is a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, which allows doctors to view the lining of the stomach in detail on a screen. Gastroscopes are commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastritis, ulcers, and stomach cancer. They can also be used to take tissue samples for biopsy or to perform certain treatments, such as removing polyps or cauterizing bleeding vessels.

Stomach diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the stomach, a muscular sac located in the upper part of the abdomen and is responsible for storing and digesting food. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, loss of appetite, and bloating. Some common stomach diseases include:

1. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause pain, irritation, and ulcers.
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and damage to the esophageal lining.
3. Peptic ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
4. Stomach cancer: Abnormal growth of cancerous cells in the stomach, which can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
5. Gastroparesis: A condition where the stomach muscles are weakened or paralyzed, leading to difficulty digesting food and emptying the stomach.
6. Functional dyspepsia: A chronic disorder characterized by symptoms such as pain, bloating, and fullness in the upper abdomen, without any identifiable cause.
7. Eosinophilic esophagitis: A condition where eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the esophagus, causing inflammation and difficulty swallowing.
8. Stomal stenosis: Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine, often caused by scar tissue or surgical complications.
9. Hiatal hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, causing symptoms such as heartburn and difficulty swallowing.

These are just a few examples of stomach diseases, and there are many other conditions that can affect the stomach. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these conditions and preventing complications.

Dyspepsia is a medical term that refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often accompanied by symptoms such as bloating, nausea, belching, and early satiety (feeling full quickly after starting to eat). It is also commonly known as indigestion. Dyspepsia can have many possible causes, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, gastritis, and functional dyspepsia (a condition in which there is no obvious structural or biochemical explanation for the symptoms). Treatment for dyspepsia depends on the underlying cause.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.

There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:

1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

I believe there may be a slight confusion in your question as hypnosis and anesthesia are two different concepts in the field of medicine. Here are separate definitions for each:

1. Hypnosis: This is a state of highly focused attention or concentration, often associated with relaxation, and heightened suggestibility. During hypnosis, a person may become more open to suggestions and their perception of reality may change. It's important to note that hypnosis is not a form of unconsciousness or sleep, and the person can usually hear and remember what happens during the session. Hypnosis is sometimes used in medical and psychological settings to help manage pain, anxiety, or symptoms of various conditions.

2. Anesthetic: An anesthetic is a drug that's used to block sensation in certain areas of the body or to induce sleep and reduce pain during surgical procedures. There are two main types of anesthetics: local and general. Local anesthetics numb a specific area of the body, while general anesthetics cause a state of unconsciousness and amnesia, so the person is unaware of the procedure taking place. Anesthetics work by depressing the function of the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.

I hope this clarifies any confusion! If you have any further questions or need more information, please don't hesitate to ask.

Atrophic gastritis is a condition characterized by the inflammation and atrophy (wasting away) of the stomach lining, specifically the mucous membrane called the gastric mucosa. This process involves the loss of glandular cells in the stomach, which can result in decreased acid production and potential vitamin B12 deficiency due to reduced intrinsic factor production. Atrophic gastritis can be caused by various factors, including autoimmune disorders, chronic bacterial infection (usually with Helicobacter pylori), and the use of certain medications such as proton pump inhibitors. It can increase the risk of developing stomach cancer, so regular monitoring is often recommended.

A stomach ulcer, also known as a gastric ulcer, is a sore that forms in the lining of the stomach. It's caused by a breakdown in the mucous layer that protects the stomach from digestive juices, allowing acid to come into contact with the stomach lining and cause an ulcer. The most common causes are bacterial infection (usually by Helicobacter pylori) and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Stomach ulcers may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, and nausea. If left untreated, they can lead to more serious complications like internal bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the stomach of approximately 50% of the global population. It is closely associated with gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. H. pylori infection is usually acquired in childhood and can persist for life if not treated. The bacterium's spiral shape and flagella allow it to penetrate the mucus layer and adhere to the gastric epithelium, where it releases virulence factors that cause inflammation and tissue damage. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection can be made through various tests, including urea breath test, stool antigen test, or histological examination of a gastric biopsy. Treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to eradicate the bacteria and promote healing of the stomach lining.

Stomach neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the stomach that can be benign or malignant. They include a wide range of conditions such as:

1. Gastric adenomas: These are benign tumors that develop from glandular cells in the stomach lining.
2. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs): These are rare tumors that can be found in the stomach and other parts of the digestive tract. They originate from the stem cells in the wall of the digestive tract.
3. Leiomyomas: These are benign tumors that develop from smooth muscle cells in the stomach wall.
4. Lipomas: These are benign tumors that develop from fat cells in the stomach wall.
5. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): These are tumors that develop from the neuroendocrine cells in the stomach lining. They can be benign or malignant.
6. Gastric carcinomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the glandular cells in the stomach lining. They are the most common type of stomach neoplasm and include adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas, and others.
7. Lymphomas: These are malignant tumors that develop from the immune cells in the stomach wall.

Stomach neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. The diagnosis of stomach neoplasms usually involves a combination of imaging tests, endoscopy, and biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the neoplasm and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapy.

Helicobacter infections are caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which colonizes the stomach lining and is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases. The infection can lead to chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer.

The spiral-shaped H. pylori bacteria are able to survive in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach by producing urease, an enzyme that neutralizes gastric acid in their immediate vicinity. This allows them to adhere to and colonize the epithelial lining of the stomach, where they can cause inflammation (gastritis) and disrupt the normal functioning of the stomach.

Transmission of H. pylori typically occurs through oral-oral or fecal-oral routes, and infection is more common in developing countries and in populations with lower socioeconomic status. The diagnosis of Helicobacter infections can be confirmed through various tests, including urea breath tests, stool antigen tests, or gastric biopsy with histology and culture. Treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors to eradicate the bacteria and reduce stomach acidity.

An endoscope is a medical device used for visualizing the internal surfaces of hollow organs or cavities in the body. Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes are specifically designed to examine the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and rectum.

There are several types of GI endoscopes, including:

1. Gastroscope: Used for examining the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum).
2. Colonoscope: Used for examining the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscope: A shorter version of a colonoscope, used for examining the lower part of the large intestine (sigmoid colon) and rectum.
4. Duodenoscope: Used for examining and treating conditions in the pancreas and bile ducts.
5. Enteroscope: A longer endoscope used to examine the small intestine, which is more challenging to reach due to its length and location.

GI endoscopes typically consist of a long, flexible tube with a light source, camera, and channels for instruments to be passed through. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the medical professional to inspect the internal surfaces of the digestive tract and perform various procedures, such as taking biopsies or removing polyps.

Conscious sedation, also known as procedural sedation and analgesia, is a minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patient's ability to maintain airway spontaneously and respond appropriately to physical stimulation and verbal commands. It is typically achieved through the administration of sedative and/or analgesic medications and is commonly used in medical procedures that do not require general anesthesia. The goal of conscious sedation is to provide a comfortable and anxiety-free experience for the patient while ensuring their safety throughout the procedure.

Gastritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections (such as Helicobacter pylori), regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and stress.

Gastritis can present with a range of symptoms, such as abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and bloating. In some cases, gastritis may not cause any noticeable symptoms. Depending on the severity and duration of inflammation, gastritis can lead to complications like stomach ulcers or even stomach cancer if left untreated.

There are two main types of gastritis: acute and chronic. Acute gastritis develops suddenly and may last for a short period, while chronic gastritis persists over time, often leading to atrophy of the stomach lining. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy and tissue biopsy to assess the extent of inflammation and rule out other potential causes of symptoms. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, or lifestyle modifications.

Antacids are a type of medication that is used to neutralize stomach acid and provide rapid relief from symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and stomach discomfort. They work by chemically reacting with the stomach acid to reduce its acidity. Antacids may contain one or more active ingredients, including aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate.

Antacids are available over-the-counter in various forms, such as tablets, chewable tablets, liquids, and powders. They can provide quick relief from acid reflux and related symptoms; however, they may not be effective for treating the underlying cause of these symptoms. Therefore, if you experience frequent or severe symptoms, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.

In anatomical terms, the stomach is a muscular, J-shaped organ located in the upper left portion of the abdomen. It is part of the gastrointestinal tract and plays a crucial role in digestion. The stomach's primary functions include storing food, mixing it with digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid to break down proteins, and slowly emptying the partially digested food into the small intestine for further absorption of nutrients.

The stomach is divided into several regions, including the cardia (the area nearest the esophagus), the fundus (the upper portion on the left side), the body (the main central part), and the pylorus (the narrowed region leading to the small intestine). The inner lining of the stomach, called the mucosa, is protected by a layer of mucus that prevents the digestive juices from damaging the stomach tissue itself.

In medical contexts, various conditions can affect the stomach, such as gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), peptic ulcers (sores in the stomach or duodenum), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and stomach cancer. Symptoms related to the stomach may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and difficulty swallowing.

Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.

GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.

Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.

The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Pepsinogen A is the inactive precursor form of the enzyme pepsin, which is produced in the stomach chief cells. Once exposed to acidic environment in the stomach, pepsinogen A is converted into its active form, pepsin. Pepsin plays a crucial role in digestion by breaking down proteins into smaller peptides. An elevated level of pepsinogen A in the blood may indicate damage to the stomach lining, such as that seen in gastritis or gastric cancer.

Gastric mucosa refers to the innermost lining of the stomach, which is in contact with the gastric lumen. It is a specialized mucous membrane that consists of epithelial cells, lamina propria, and a thin layer of smooth muscle. The surface epithelium is primarily made up of mucus-secreting cells (goblet cells) and parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, and chief cells, which produce pepsinogen.

The gastric mucosa has several important functions, including protection against self-digestion by the stomach's own digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid. The mucus layer secreted by the epithelial cells forms a physical barrier that prevents the acidic contents of the stomach from damaging the underlying tissues. Additionally, the bicarbonate ions secreted by the surface epithelial cells help neutralize the acidity in the immediate vicinity of the mucosa.

The gastric mucosa is also responsible for the initial digestion of food through the action of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. The intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells plays a crucial role in the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine.

The gastric mucosa is constantly exposed to potential damage from various factors, including acid, pepsin, and other digestive enzymes, as well as mechanical stress due to muscle contractions during digestion. To maintain its integrity, the gastric mucosa has a remarkable capacity for self-repair and regeneration. However, chronic exposure to noxious stimuli or certain medical conditions can lead to inflammation, erosions, ulcers, or even cancer of the gastric mucosa.

Endoscopy of the digestive system, also known as gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, is a medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to visually examine the inside lining of the digestive tract using a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, called an endoscope. This procedure can help diagnose and treat various conditions affecting the digestive system, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer.

There are several types of endoscopy procedures that focus on different parts of the digestive tract:

1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is often used to investigate symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, abdominal pain, or bleeding in the upper GI tract.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure explores the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is commonly performed to screen for colon cancer, as well as to diagnose and treat conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or polyps.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: Similar to a colonoscopy, this procedure examines the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) and rectum. It is often used as a screening tool for colon cancer and to investigate symptoms like rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
4. Upper GI endoscopy: This procedure focuses on the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it. It is used to diagnose and treat conditions such as GERD, ulcers, and difficulty swallowing.
5. Capsule endoscopy: This procedure involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera that captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through. It can help diagnose conditions in the small intestine that may be difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes.

Endoscopy is typically performed under sedation or anesthesia to ensure patient comfort during the procedure. The images captured by the endoscope are displayed on a monitor, allowing the healthcare provider to assess the condition of the digestive tract and make informed treatment decisions.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope for the presence of disease. This can help doctors diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as cancer, infections, or autoimmune disorders. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location and nature of the suspected condition. Some common types of biopsies include:

1. Incisional biopsy: In this procedure, a surgeon removes a piece of tissue from an abnormal area using a scalpel or other surgical instrument. This type of biopsy is often used when the lesion is too large to be removed entirely during the initial biopsy.

2. Excisional biopsy: An excisional biopsy involves removing the entire abnormal area, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This technique is typically employed for smaller lesions or when cancer is suspected.

3. Needle biopsy: A needle biopsy uses a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from the body. There are two main types of needle biopsies: fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy. FNA extracts loose cells, while a core needle biopsy removes a small piece of tissue.

4. Punch biopsy: In a punch biopsy, a round, sharp tool is used to remove a small cylindrical sample of skin tissue. This type of biopsy is often used for evaluating rashes or other skin abnormalities.

5. Shave biopsy: During a shave biopsy, a thin slice of tissue is removed from the surface of the skin using a sharp razor-like instrument. This technique is typically used for superficial lesions or growths on the skin.

After the biopsy sample has been collected, it is sent to a laboratory where a pathologist will examine the tissue under a microscope and provide a diagnosis based on their findings. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and determine the best course of action for managing the patient's condition.

Capsule endoscopy is a medical procedure that uses a small, pill-sized camera to capture images of the digestive tract. The capsule is swallowed and transmits images wirelessly as it moves through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, allowing doctors to examine the lining of the small intestine, which can be difficult to reach with traditional endoscopes.

The procedure is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as Crohn's disease, celiac disease, obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, and tumors in the small intestine. The images captured by the capsule are transmitted to a recorder worn by the patient, and then reviewed and analyzed by a healthcare professional.

Capsule endoscopy is generally considered safe and non-invasive, with few risks or side effects. However, it may not be suitable for everyone, including patients with swallowing difficulties, pacemakers, or certain gastrointestinal obstructions. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if capsule endoscopy is the right diagnostic tool for a particular condition.

A Gastrectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of all or part of the stomach. This procedure can be total (complete resection of the stomach), partial (removal of a portion of the stomach), or sleeve (removal of a portion of the stomach to create a narrow sleeve-shaped pouch).

Gastrectomies are typically performed to treat conditions such as gastric cancer, benign tumors, severe peptic ulcers, and in some cases, for weight loss in individuals with morbid obesity. The type of gastrectomy performed depends on the patient's medical condition and the extent of the disease.

Following a gastrectomy, patients may require adjustments to their diet and lifestyle, as well as potential supplementation of vitamins and minerals that would normally be absorbed in the stomach. In some cases, further reconstructive surgery might be necessary to reestablish gastrointestinal continuity.

**Referral:**
A referral in the medical context is the process where a healthcare professional (such as a general practitioner or primary care physician) sends or refers a patient to another healthcare professional who has specialized knowledge and skills to address the patient's specific health condition or concern. This could be a specialist, a consultant, or a facility that provides specialized care. The referral may involve transferring the patient's care entirely to the other professional or may simply be for a consultation and advice.

**Consultation:**
A consultation in healthcare is a process where a healthcare professional seeks the opinion or advice of another professional regarding a patient's medical condition. This can be done in various ways, such as face-to-face meetings, phone calls, or written correspondence. The consulting professional provides their expert opinion to assist in the diagnosis, treatment plan, or management of the patient's condition. The ultimate decision and responsibility for the patient's care typically remain with the referring or primary healthcare provider.

Esophagitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophageal lining, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This inflammation can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, heartburn, and acid reflux.

Esophagitis can be caused by various factors, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), infection, allergies, medications, and chronic vomiting. Prolonged exposure to stomach acid can also cause esophagitis, leading to a condition called reflux esophagitis.

If left untreated, esophagitis can lead to complications such as strictures, ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous condition that increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Treatment for esophagitis typically involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and protecting the esophageal lining to promote healing.

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which includes the organs from the mouth to the anus, responsible for food digestion, absorption, and elimination of waste. These diseases can affect any part of the GI tract, causing various symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Common gastrointestinal diseases include:

1. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms.
2. Peptic ulcers - sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infection or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
3. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits.
5. Celiac disease - an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
6. Diverticular disease - a condition that affects the colon, causing diverticula (small pouches) to form and potentially become inflamed or infected.
7. Constipation - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, and difficulty passing stools.
8. Diarrhea - a common gastrointestinal symptom characterized by loose, watery stools and frequent bowel movements.
9. Food intolerances and allergies - adverse reactions to specific foods or food components that can cause various gastrointestinal symptoms.
10. Gastrointestinal infections - caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi that can lead to a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

A peptic ulcer is a sore or erosion in the lining of your stomach and the first part of your small intestine (duodenum). The most common causes of peptic ulcers are bacterial infection and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.

The symptoms of a peptic ulcer include abdominal pain, often in the upper middle part of your abdomen, which can be dull, sharp, or burning and may come and go for several days or weeks. Other symptoms can include bloating, burping, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Severe ulcers can cause bleeding in the digestive tract, which can lead to anemia, black stools, or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.

If left untreated, peptic ulcers can result in serious complications such as perforation (a hole through the wall of the stomach or duodenum), obstruction (blockage of the digestive tract), and bleeding. Treatment for peptic ulcers typically involves medications to reduce acid production, neutralize stomach acid, and kill the bacteria causing the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

A duodenal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that develops in the lining of the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. It is characterized by a break in the mucosal layer of the duodinal wall, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Duodenal ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between digestive acid and mucus production, which can be exacerbated by factors such as bacterial infection (commonly with Helicobacter pylori), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, smoking, and stress. Symptoms may include gnawing or burning abdominal pain, often occurring a few hours after meals or during the night, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Complications can be severe, including bleeding, perforation, and obstruction of the duodenum. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, and treatment may include antibiotics (if H. pylori infection is present), acid-suppressing medications, lifestyle modifications, and potentially surgery in severe cases.

Metaplasia is a term used in pathology to describe the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another differentiated cell type within a tissue or organ. It is an adaptive response of epithelial cells to chronic irritation, inflammation, or injury and can be reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed. Metaplastic changes are often associated with an increased risk of cancer development in the affected area.

For example, in the case of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), chronic exposure to stomach acid can lead to metaplasia of the esophageal squamous epithelium into columnar epithelium, a condition known as Barrett's esophagus. This metaplastic change is associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.

An outpatient clinic in a hospital setting is a department or facility where patients receive medical care without being admitted to the hospital. These clinics are typically designed to provide specialized services for specific medical conditions or populations. They may be staffed by physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who work on a part-time or full-time basis.

Outpatient clinics offer a range of services, including diagnostic tests, consultations, treatments, and follow-up care. Patients can visit the clinic for routine checkups, management of chronic conditions, rehabilitation, and other medical needs. The specific services offered at an outpatient clinic will depend on the hospital and the clinic's specialty.

Outpatient clinics are often more convenient and cost-effective than inpatient care because they allow patients to receive medical treatment while continuing to live at home. They also help reduce the burden on hospitals by freeing up beds for patients who require more intensive or emergency care. Overall, outpatient clinics play an essential role in providing accessible and high-quality healthcare services to patients in their communities.

Anti-ulcer agents are a class of medications that are used to treat and prevent ulcers in the gastrointestinal tract. These medications work by reducing the production of stomach acid, neutralizing stomach acid, or protecting the lining of the stomach and duodenum from damage caused by stomach acid.

There are several types of anti-ulcer agents, including:

1. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These medications block the action of proton pumps in the stomach, which are responsible for producing stomach acid. PPIs include drugs such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole.
2. H-2 receptor antagonists: These medications block the action of histamine on the H-2 receptors in the stomach, reducing the production of stomach acid. Examples include ranitidine, famotidine, and cimetidine.
3. Antacids: These medications neutralize stomach acid and provide quick relief from symptoms such as heartburn and indigestion. Common antacids include calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.
4. Protective agents: These medications form a barrier between the stomach lining and stomach acid, protecting the lining from damage. Examples include sucralfate and misoprostol.

Anti-ulcer agents are used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is important to take these medications as directed by a healthcare provider, as they can have side effects and interactions with other medications.

A waiting list, in the context of healthcare and medicine, refers to a list of patients who are awaiting a particular medical service or procedure, such as surgery, consultation with a specialist, or therapy. These lists are often established when the demand for certain services exceeds the immediate supply of resources, including physician time, hospital beds, or specialized equipment.

Patients on waiting lists are typically ranked based on factors like the severity of their condition, the urgency of their need for treatment, and the date they were placed on the list. The goal is to ensure that those with the most pressing medical needs receive care as soon as possible, while also providing a fair and transparent system for allocating limited resources.

However, it's important to note that extended waiting times can have negative consequences for patients, including worsening of symptoms, decreased quality of life, and potential complications. As such, healthcare systems strive to minimize wait times through various strategies, such as increasing resource allocation, improving efficiency, and implementing alternative service delivery models.

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

Abdominal pain is defined as discomfort or painful sensation in the abdomen. The abdomen is the region of the body between the chest and the pelvis, and contains many important organs such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. Abdominal pain can vary in intensity from mild to severe, and can be acute or chronic depending on the underlying cause.

Abdominal pain can have many different causes, ranging from benign conditions such as gastritis, indigestion, or constipation, to more serious conditions such as appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm. The location, quality, and duration of the pain can provide important clues about its cause. For example, sharp, localized pain in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen may indicate appendicitis, while crampy, diffuse pain in the lower abdomen may suggest irritable bowel syndrome.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or bloody stools. A thorough physical examination, including a careful history and a focused abdominal exam, can help diagnose the underlying cause of the pain and guide appropriate treatment.

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine, also known as the colon and rectum. It is performed using a flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end, called a colonoscope, which is inserted into the rectum and gently guided through the entire length of the colon.

The procedure allows doctors to visually inspect the lining of the colon for any abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, inflammation, or cancer. If any polyps are found during the procedure, they can be removed immediately using special tools passed through the colonoscope. Colonoscopy is an important tool in the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Patients are usually given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure, which is typically performed on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic setting. The entire procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes to complete, although patients should plan to spend several hours at the medical facility for preparation and recovery.

Family practice, also known as family medicine, is a medical specialty that provides comprehensive and continuous care to patients of all ages, genders, and stages of life. Family physicians are trained to provide a wide range of services, including preventive care, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, management of complex medical conditions, and providing health education and counseling.

Family practice emphasizes the importance of building long-term relationships with patients and their families, and takes into account the physical, emotional, social, and psychological factors that influence a person's health. Family physicians often serve as the primary point of contact for patients within the healthcare system, coordinating care with other specialists and healthcare providers as needed.

Family practice is a broad and diverse field, encompassing various areas such as pediatrics, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, geriatrics, and behavioral health. The goal of family practice is to provide high-quality, patient-centered care that meets the unique needs and preferences of each individual patient and their family.

The pyloric antrum is the distal part of the stomach, which is the last portion that precedes the pylorus and the beginning of the duodenum. It is a thickened, muscular area responsible for grinding and mixing food with gastric juices during digestion. The pyloric antrum also helps regulate the passage of chyme (partially digested food) into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter, which controls the opening and closing of the pylorus. This region is crucial in the gastrointestinal tract's motor functions and overall digestive process.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

The term "appointments and schedules" is commonly used in the medical field to refer to the planned or designated times for patients to see healthcare professionals for medical services. Here are the definitions of each term:

1. Appointment: A prearranged meeting between a patient and a healthcare professional at a specific time and date. An appointment is typically made in advance, either by the patient or the healthcare professional's office staff, to ensure that both parties are available to meet at the designated time.
2. Schedule: A list of appointments or activities that are planned for a specific period, such as a day, week, or month. In a medical setting, a schedule may include appointments for patients to see their healthcare professionals, as well as times for procedures, tests, and other medical services.

Together, appointments and schedules help ensure that healthcare professionals can provide timely and efficient care to their patients. They also allow patients to plan their visits to the doctor's office or hospital around their own busy schedules.

Gastrins are a group of hormones that are produced by G cells in the stomach lining. These hormones play an essential role in regulating gastric acid secretion and motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The most well-known gastrin is known as "gastrin-17," which is released into the bloodstream and stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid from parietal cells in the stomach lining.

Gastrins are stored in secretory granules within G cells, and their release is triggered by several factors, including the presence of food in the stomach, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and vagus nerve stimulation. Once released, gastrins bind to specific receptors on parietal cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and the activation of enzymes that promote hydrochloric acid secretion.

Abnormalities in gastrin production can lead to several gastrointestinal disorders, including gastrinomas (tumors that produce excessive amounts of gastrin), which can cause severe gastric acid hypersecretion and ulcers. Conversely, a deficiency in gastrin production can result in hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid levels) and impaired digestion.

The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat (pharynx) to the stomach. It is located in the midline of the neck and chest, passing through the diaphragm to enter the abdomen and join the stomach. The main function of the esophagus is to transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.

The esophagus has a few distinct parts: the upper esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the throat), the middle esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (another ring of muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach). The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes to allow food and liquids to enter the stomach and then contracts to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the esophagus.

The walls of the esophagus are made up of several layers, including mucosa (a moist tissue that lines the inside of the tube), submucosa (a layer of connective tissue), muscle (both voluntary and involuntary types), and adventitia (an outer layer of connective tissue).

Common conditions affecting the esophagus include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, esophageal cancer, esophageal strictures, and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Patient satisfaction is a concept in healthcare quality measurement that reflects the patient's perspective and evaluates their experience with the healthcare services they have received. It is a multidimensional construct that includes various aspects such as interpersonal mannerisms of healthcare providers, technical competence, accessibility, timeliness, comfort, and communication.

Patient satisfaction is typically measured through standardized surveys or questionnaires that ask patients to rate their experiences on various aspects of care. The results are often used to assess the quality of care provided by healthcare organizations, identify areas for improvement, and inform policy decisions. However, it's important to note that patient satisfaction is just one aspect of healthcare quality and should be considered alongside other measures such as clinical outcomes and patient safety.

A breath test is a medical or forensic procedure used to analyze a sample of exhaled breath in order to detect and measure the presence of various substances, most commonly alcohol. The test is typically conducted using a device called a breathalyzer, which measures the amount of alcohol in the breath and converts it into a reading of blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

In addition to alcohol, breath tests can also be used to detect other substances such as drugs or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may indicate certain medical conditions. However, these types of breath tests are less common and may not be as reliable or accurate as other diagnostic tests.

Breath testing is commonly used by law enforcement officers to determine whether a driver is impaired by alcohol and to establish probable cause for arrest. It is also used in some healthcare settings to monitor patients who are being treated for alcohol abuse or dependence.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the retrograde movement of stomach contents into the esophagus, which can cause discomfort and symptoms. It occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (a ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach) relaxes inappropriately, allowing the acidic or non-acidic gastric contents to flow back into the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux becomes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when it is more severe, persistent, and/or results in complications such as esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett's esophagus. Common symptoms of GERD include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and chronic cough or hoarseness.

Esophageal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissue of the esophagus, which is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant esophageal neoplasms are typically classified as either squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas, depending on the type of cell from which they originate.

Esophageal cancer is a serious and often life-threatening condition that can cause symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, chest pain, weight loss, and coughing. Risk factors for esophageal neoplasms include smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Barrett's esophagus. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

A medical audit is a systematic review and evaluation of the quality of medical care against established standards to see if it is being delivered efficiently, effectively, and equitably. It is a quality improvement process that aims to improve patient care and outcomes by identifying gaps between actual and desired practice, and implementing changes to close those gaps. Medical audits can focus on various aspects of healthcare delivery, including diagnosis, treatment, medication use, and follow-up care. The ultimate goal of medical audits is to ensure that patients receive the best possible care based on current evidence and best practices.

Schindler, R (1937). Gastroscopy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145. Keet, AD (1998). "Nausea, Retching, and ... Schindler (1937) studied retching on two occasions during gastroscopy and noted that longitudinal folds appeared in the ...
If indicated then an endoscopy may be required; colonoscopy, gastroscopy. Necrolytic migratory erythema, erythema migrans, ...
Janeway, H. H., & Green, N. W. (1911). Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy. Surg., Gynec. & Obst, 13, 245. Janeway, H. H. (1911). XI ...
"Tracheo-bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy, and gastroscopy". St. Louis, Laryngoscope. 1907. Ikeda S, Tobayashi K, Sunakura M, ...
Schramm, H; Mikulicz-Radecki, J (1881). "Gastroskopia i ezofagoskopia" [Gastroscopy and oesophagoscopy]. Przegla̧d Lekarski (in ... of Gastroscopy]. Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie (in German). 42 (6): 550-6. doi:10.1055/s-2004-813178. PMID 15190453. US ...
First to attempt oesophagoscopy and gastroscopy. First to describe the emotional symptoms of mercury exposure as a first stage ...
A doctor can further discuss risks with the patient with regard to the particular need for gastroscopy. After the procedure, ... Perforation and bleeding are rare during gastroscopy. Other minor risks include drug reactions and complications related to ...
"Gastroscopy - examination of oesophagus and stomach by endoscope". BUPA. December 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10- ...
Gastroscopy (endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) is performed in cases of established cirrhosis. If ... "Gastroscopy - examination of oesophagus and stomach by endoscope". BUPA. December 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-10- ...
He is regarded widely as the "father of gastroscopy." He was born in Berlin. During the First World War he described numerous ... He wrote the illustrated textbook, Lehrbuch und Atlas der Gastroskopie (Textbook and Atlas of Gastroscopy). Between 1928 and ... of gastroscopy]. Z Gastroenterol (in German). 42 (6): 550-6. doi:10.1055/s-2004-813178. PMID 15190453. Gibson, Ursula Schindler ...
... as topical anesthetic in gastroscopy and esophagoscopy". Gastroenterology. 36 (1): 120-1. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(59)80102-5. ...
The test is performed at the time of gastroscopy. A biopsy of mucosa is taken from the antrum of the stomach, and is placed ...
Leonidas Berry, 93, American pioneer in gastroscopy and endoscopy. Giorgio Bocchino, 82, Italian fencer and Olympic medalist. ...
Findings on gastroscopy may include edematous gastric mucosa, and hyperperistalsis. Finding on colonoscopy may include: fragile ...
Gastroscopy may help with cause and can be used therapeutically. The differential diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction may ...
The term gastroscopy literally focuses on the stomach alone, but in practice, the usage overlaps. Unexplained anemia (usually ... Colonoscopy Transnasal esophagoscopy "Gastroscopy - examination of oesophagus and stomach by endoscope". BUPA. December 2006. ...
Recommended measures for those who have ingested potassium permanganate include gastroscopy. Activated charcoal or medications ...
It is seen incidentally in 3.5% of gastroscopies. On gastroscopy, glycogenic acanthosis is seen as a multitude of small white ...
A definite diagnosis can be made using gastric lavage samples or gastroscopy. The esophageal worm (Spirocerca lupi) is a bright ...
Bougie over guidewire dilators are used at the time of gastroscopy or fluoroscopy. An endoscopy is usually performed first to ...
A treatment involving the placement of an intragastric balloon via gastroscopy has shown promise. One type of balloon led to a ...
It provides colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and gastroscopy seven days a week for patients across Greater Manchester. The company ...
Esophageal SEMS are placed after a gastroscopy is performed to identify the area of narrowing. The area may need to be dilated ...
The diagnosis of atrophic gastritis type A should be confirmed by gastroscopy and stepwise biopsy. About 90% of individuals ...
The Gauderer-Ponsky technique involves performing a gastroscopy to evaluate the anatomy of the stomach. The anterior stomach ...
Further modifications made the first esophago- and gastroscopy, by Carl Stoerk and Joseph Leiter, possible. Subsequently, ...
The full version with the final episode called Gastroscopy was released on 16 May 2023. Reception On Metacritic, Hrot received ... The third episode, titled The Gastroscopy, features another 8 levels and an additional secret level. Hrot was in development ...
First, patients with cirrhosis may be enrolled in screening gastroscopy programs to detect esophageal varices. These ...
The removal and examination of the larva by gastroscopy or surgery provides a definitive diagnosis. The best preventive measure ...
Allard J, Cosby R, Del Giudice ME, Irvine EJ, Morgan D, Tinmouth J (February 2010). "Gastroscopy following a positive fecal ...
Doctors examine the lining of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Gastroscopy - Examines the gullet, stomach and duodenum with a thin telescope. Learn about costs, procedure and recovery. ... What is a gastroscopy? A gastroscopy is a procedure to look inside the upper part of your digestive tract ie your oesophagus ( ... Gastroscopy results A healthcare professional trained in gastroscopies will carry out your procedure. They may be able to tell ... Gastroscopy side effects and risks A gastroscopy is a relatively safe test, with few people developing complications. However, ...
What is a gastroscopy? description duodenum endoscopy fibre-optic flexible gastroscopy gastroscopy procedure GERD NC oesophagus ... Does gastroscopy induce myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary heart disease? center coronary gastroscopy heart disease ... Is gastroscopy still a valid diagnostic tool in detecting gastric MALT lymphomas? detecting diagnostic Gastric gastroscopy ... How do I prepare for a gastroscopy exam - (stomach scope test)? exam gastroscopy prepare SCOPE Stomach Test ...
Gastroscopy - Examines the gullet, stomach and duodenum with a thin telescope.. Choose Spire South Bank Hospital. ... During a gastroscopy (or endoscopy) a thin tube-like telescope is inserted through your mouth to look for any problems in your ... A gastroscopy (or endoscopy) can tell your doctor a lot about the possible causes of any problems you have in the gullet, ... You might not be able to eat your normal diet for a few days depending on the type of gastroscopy youve had. We will advise ...
What happens during a gastroscopy?. A gastroscopy usually takes about 30 minutes. We may offer you a sedative to help you relax ... Gastroscopy (or gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy) consultants at Cambridge Hospital. * Dr Gareth Corbett Gastroenterology, ... Gastroscopy recovery. If you were given a sedative, you will normally recover in about an hour. You may feel a bit bloated for ... Stomach Examination - Gastroscopy, also known as Endoscopy Fees Initial consultation. from £200. ...
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He is accredited for gastroscopy and colonoscopy by the Conjoint Committee for the Recognition of Training in Gastrointestinal ...
Gastroscopy , Diagnostics , Mount Stuart Hospital , St Vincents Road, Torquay, Devon, TQ1 4UP ... What is a gastroscopy?. A gastroscopy is typically a 15-minute daycase procedure that allows your doctor to examine the lining ... How do I prepare for a gastroscopy?. To prepare for a gastroscopy you need an empty stomach so that your doctor can see clearly ... A gastroscopy is a type of endoscopy. The flexible endoscope tube used for gastroscopy is called a gastroscope and is used to ...
The gastroscopy exams are by appointment, which can be scheduled with Whitney Mathes at (859) 233-0371 or by e-mail to [email ... Rood & Riddle to Host Merial Gastroscopy Event. By Barrel Horse News June 17, 2010. ... Steve Reed, along with Merial veterinarian Hoyt Cheramie, DVM, DACVS, will be on hand to perform gastroscopy exams and provide ... Overall, 922 horses from 37 states had some ulceration as identified by gastroscopy. Horses of varying ages and disciplines ...
An initial gastroscopy failed to show a fistulous opening. A Ryles tube for gastric air drainage and nasojejunal tube for ... The fistulous opening of a TEF can usually be identified during gastroscopy; however, in cases where the fistula is small and ... Rendezvous technique using bronchoscopy and gastroscopy to close a tracheoesophageal fistula by placement of an over-the-scope ... Rendezvous technique using bronchoscopy and gastroscopy to close a tracheoesophageal fistula by placement of an over-the-scope ...
A gastroscopy investigates if theres a problem with the upper part of your digestive system. Learn more about this private ... What is a gastroscopy?. If your consultant wants to examine your upper digestive system they might suggest a gastroscopy. This ... After a gastroscopy icon plus This procedure can be done as a day case, so you wont need to stay overnight in hospital. You ... The Cost Of a Private Gastroscopy Procedure. Hospital stay and procedure. Prices from. £1,640 subject to the specifics of your ...
What is a gastroscopy?. Gastroscopy is an investigation to look directly at the lining of the oesophagus (gullet/food tube), ... The gastroscopy normally takes about 5 minutes.. Once the gastroscopy is complete the equipment will be changed for your ... Having a gastroscopy and colonoscopy GHPI1210_04_23 Department: Endoscopy Review due: April 2026 PDF, 504.1 KB, 10 pages ... The main alternative to a gastroscopy is a barium meal X-ray. This can look at the stomach, but does not allow biopsies to be ...
A gastroscopy used to check symptoms or confirm a diagnosis is known as a diagnostic gastroscopy. A gastroscopy used to treat a ... Why a gastroscopy may be used. A gastroscopy can be used to:. *investigate problems such as dysphagia (swallowing problems) or ... Preparing for a gastroscopy. If youre referred for a gastroscopy, youll be told whether you need to stop taking any of your ... The gastroscopy procedure. A gastroscopy often takes less than 15 minutes, although it may take longer if its being used to ...
Specifically for gastroscopy there are risks of mechanical damage to:. 1) Any loose teeth or bridgework. 2) Perforation of the ... If you have an ulcer this can be seen on gastroscopy and treated at the same time if any bleeding is apparent. The procedure ... Gastroscopy or upper endoscopy involves examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, involving the oesophagus (food pipe), ...
Why do I need a gastroscopy?. *To evaluate gastro intestinal bleedings, unexplained anemia and suspected cancer; ...
Is an endoscopy of the upper digestive tract (esophagus, stomach and duodenum).
... There have been many advances in equine dentistry over the past few years. ...
"Gastroscopy" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gastroscopy" by people in this website by year, and whether " ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Gastroscopy".. *Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Gastroscopy" by people in Profiles. ...
Gastroscopy is an examination of the lining of the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and small intestine, with a scope inserted ... A gastroscopy examines the lining of the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and small intestine. Learn more at Gleneagles Hospital ... Q: What is a gastroscopy looking for?. A: A gastroscopy looks for abnormal changes in your digestive tract such as gastritis, ... How do you prepare for a gastroscopy?. To prepare for a gastroscopy, you:. *Should not consume any food for 6 - 8 hours before ...
This can only be done with a gastroscopy, a small camera at the end of a long hose that goes into the stomach. This examination ... Gastroscopy is the only reliable method for identifying gastric ulcers in horses. The entire stomach, including pylorus and the ...
Why is gastroscopy significant?. Since the organs of the digestive system cannot be examined using ultrasound, gastroscopy is ... When is gastroscopy performed?. Patients are advised to undergo gastroscopy for several reasons. It is most commonly ... Since gastroscopy may involve the use of sedatives or anesthetics, risks in this case are also uncommon but can include ... How is gastroscopy performed?. The procedure itself typically lasts 10-15 minutes, but the duration may be extended if ...
GASTROSCOPY - OGD. Gastroscopy is an examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum). It ... Its normal to feel bloated or have a sore throat for a day or two after a gastroscopy. However, you should contact your GP or ... Gastroscopy is typically performed for the study of symptoms associated with the upper digestive tract such as digestive ... What can I expect after a gastroscopy?. The procedure takes about 15 to 30 minutes. After the procedure, youll be taken to the ...
Gastroscopy is an examination of the lining of the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and small intestine, with a scope inserted ... A gastroscopy examines the lining of the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and small intestine. Learn more at Parkway East ... Q: What is a gastroscopy looking for?. A: A gastroscopy looks for abnormal changes in your digestive tract such as gastritis, ... How do you prepare for a gastroscopy?. To prepare for a gastroscopy, you:. *Should not consume any food for 6 - 8 hours before ...
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Just over 2 million gastroscopies are carried out each year. ... A gastroscopy is the most common way to detect gastrointestinal ... What can I expect after a gastroscopy? After a gastroscopy, you may feel drowsy for a while if you have had anaesthetic. You ... GASTROSCOPY TREATMENT. A gastroscopy is typically carried out by a nurse and a doctor, and youll remain fully conscious ... GASTROSCOPY TREATMENT. A gastroscopy is typically carried out by a nurse and a doctor, and youll remain fully conscious ...
Preparing for your Gastroscopy (OGD)*Colorectal Cancer Screening - Colonoscopy*Liver and its Related Condition*When Do I Need ... A gastroscopy is a low-risk, simple and very safe procedure to perform, with most people only reporting very slight discomfort ... gastroscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, polypectomy, endoscopic variceal ligation and capsule endoscopy), liver diseases, ...
Gastroscopy (OGD) is a diagnostic endoscopic camera test that visualises the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Book an ... Gastroscopy or OGD is a diagnostic endoscopic camera test that visualises that oesophagus, stomach and the duodenum. The camera ...
Gastroscopy, Oncology. Spigelman classification for duodenal polyps. It is used to determine the surveillance interval for ... Gastroscopy. Marques, S., Bispo, M., Pimentel-Nunes, P., Chagas, C., & Dinis-Ribeiro, M. (2017). Image Documentation in ... Gastroscopy. UK guideline 2017: esophageal dilatation Tools for esophageal dilatation (ASGE 2013) References: UK guidelines on ...
What is it like to have a Gastroscopy? I hunted the internet to find out what it is like to have a Gastroscopy but could not ...
  • During a gastroscopy (or endoscopy) a thin tube-like telescope is inserted through your mouth to look for any problems in your oesophagus (gullet), stomach and duodenum (part of the small intestine). (spirehealthcare.com)
  • A gastroscopy (or endoscopy) can tell your doctor a lot about the possible causes of any problems you have in the gullet, stomach or small intestine. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • Gastroscopy is an endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract that allows a physician to examine the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum using a flexible tubular optical instrument (endoscope). (confido.ee)
  • In case of intestinal or stomach concerns, a gastroscopy or endoscopy may be recommended by your doctor. (endoscopyclinic.ca)
  • Gastroscopy, also known as an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, is a medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to examine the lining of the upper digestive tract. (curasia.com)
  • A gastroscopy, also known as endoscopy, is a procedure to look at the oesophagus, stomach and the first part of the small bowel. (mater.org.au)
  • Gastroscopy (referred to as upper endoscopy) is a procedure that examines the upper digestive tract including the esophagus, the stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (called the duodenum) [ Figure 1 ]. (drmaherabbas.com)
  • The gastroscopy procedure, also known as an upper endoscopy, is a medical examination that allows doctors to view the inside of the upper digestive system - the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine. (qpjidi.com)
  • In conclusion, this review highlights the assessment of risk factors for hypoxemia in painless gastroscopy and common airway management methods to prevent and treat hypoxemia in high-risk populations during painless endoscopy. (asploro.com)
  • Your doctor may also schedule a gastroscopy or colonoscopy to assess the condition of your gut. (healthline.com)
  • A gastroscopy is similar in nature to a colonoscopy but focuses on the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. (healthline.com)
  • GI doctor said: It is not something on colorectal system because colonoscopy and gastroscopy that was made last year. (cancer.org)
  • The support included gastroscopy and colonoscopy machines. (who.int)
  • The procedure called gastroscopy involves the placing of an endoscope (a small flexible tube with a camera and light) into the stomach and duodenum to search for abnormalities. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An actively bleeding ulcer may also be cauterized (blood vessels are sealed with a burning tool) during a gastroscopy procedure. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A gastroscopy is a procedure to look at the inside of the oesophagus (gullet), stomach and duodenum using a flexible telescope. (nuffieldhealth.com)
  • Gastroscopy is an endoscopic procedure focusing on the first part of the digestive system and involves a narrow, flexible tube (an endoscope) with a light and a camera on the end. (drrehanhaidry.com)
  • Gastroscopy is a safe procedure and Dr. Maher Abbas has performed thousands of endoscopic procedures. (drmaherabbas.com)
  • Gastroscopy is a safe procedure. (drmaherabbas.com)
  • Gastroscopy is a procedure used to examine the lining of the oesophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine. (bestin.com.sg)
  • Gastroscopy is often performed under sedation to make you more comfortable and relaxed during the procedure. (onehealthcares.com)
  • The gastroscopy procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible endoscope through your mouth and into your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). (onehealthcares.com)
  • While gastroscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, there are some potential risks and complications, although they are relatively rare. (onehealthcares.com)
  • Among these, the gastroscopy procedure stands out as a significant tool in diagnosing and managing various gastrointestinal conditions. (qpjidi.com)
  • This story aims to shed light on the role of the gastroscopy procedure in preventative healthcare, its importance, and how it contributes to maintaining overall health. (qpjidi.com)
  • The gastroscopy procedure is generally safe with a low risk of complications. (qpjidi.com)
  • In conclusion, the gastroscopy procedure plays an indispensable role in preventative healthcare. (qpjidi.com)
  • Gastroscopy is an endoscopic exam of the digestive tract. (foundationequinenj.com)
  • With technological advances in diagnosis and treatment in the endoscopic era, gastroscopy has become the preferred approach for examining and treating digestive disorders. (asploro.com)
  • In order to examine the response to therapy of MALT lymphomas of the stomach and to exclude a recurrence of the lymphoma even after complete regression in the further course, repeated gastroscopies with multiple tissue sampling (biopsies) at intervals of several months are necessary. (news-medical.net)
  • For example, it demonstrated 97% accuracy in detecting the tumor compared to gastroscopy in patients with MALT lymphoma of the stomach after H. pylori treatment. (news-medical.net)
  • Gastroscopy is an examination of the upper gut, which is the oesophagus (gullet), the stomach and duodenum (part of the small intestine joining the stomach). (cuh.nhs.uk)
  • For gastroscopy, the stomach must be empty, so do not eat, drink or smoke for six hours before the examination. (confido.ee)
  • A gastroscopy is one of the most used tests for diagnosing problems with the oesophagus (food pipe) and the stomach. (drrehanhaidry.com)
  • Patients will be asked to fast before gastroscopy (as they work best when the stomach is empty) and may need to stop taking medications for any stomach issues. (drrehanhaidry.com)
  • Gastroscopy is a review that examines the esophagus, stomach, and twin-pancreas. (klinikatawil.com)
  • Gastroscopy is the treatment where the esophagus or the food pipe gets examined with the duodenum and the stomach. (inamdarhospital.com)
  • Similarly, those with a family history of stomach cancer or individuals over 50 years may undergo routine gastroscopies as part of their preventative healthcare plan. (qpjidi.com)
  • Two gastroscopies were then performed, 1 week apart, and revealed a deformed stomach with a hard mass infiltrating the greater curvature in the fundic area, covered by necrotic greenish brown material, along with absent peristaltic movement and no apparent organic obstruction to the gastric outlet (Figure 2). (medscape.com)
  • Ma J, Tan L. Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment of Hypoxemia in Painless Gastroscopy: A Review Article. (asploro.com)
  • Compared to ordinary gastroscopy, painless gastroscopy has more advantages due to the application of anesthesia techniques such as sedation and analgesia, providing patients with comfort and a quick recovery. (asploro.com)
  • However, patients undergoing painless gastroscopy are often at risk of hypoxia, which can result in serious complications. (asploro.com)
  • Sedation and analgesia can aid patient comfort and quick recovery, and painless gastroscopy (PG) is now recommended by several guidelines [1,2]. (asploro.com)
  • Furthermore, to relieve discomfort and restrict movement during painless gastroscopy, propofol, low-dose benzodiazepines, and opioids are now regularly used [1]. (asploro.com)
  • During a gastroscopy, it is possible to collect tissue samples (biopsies), if necessary, which can then be examined under a microscope. (confido.ee)
  • A doctor may also use a gastroscopy to take biopsies to check for cancer or test the tissue for a range of conditions. (drrehanhaidry.com)
  • Biopsies obtained from the edge and the centre of the fundic mass during both gastroscopies were sent for pathological examination. (medscape.com)
  • For instance, people with persistent symptoms like difficulty swallowing or chronic heartburn may be recommended for a gastroscopy to rule out serious underlying conditions like esophageal cancer or Barrett's esophagus. (qpjidi.com)
  • While an attending physician at all-black Provident Hospital in Chicago, Dr. Berry trained in gastroscopy (viewing of the upper digestive system with a flexible tube and camera) with the inventor of the gastroscope, Dr. Rudolph Schindler of the University of Chicago. (nih.gov)
  • A clinic dedicated to performing colonoscopies and gastroscopies in a professional and relaxing environment. (endoscopyclinic.ca)
  • We run regular equine gastroscopy clinics and our next clinic at the practice is on Friday 4th February 2022. (stationhousevets.com)
  • We should be putting importance on keeping our digestive system healthy and one way to do this is by visiting a gastroscopy clinic ( https://gastrohealth.com.sg/services/gastroscopy-singapore/ ) in Singapore. (wazmagazine.com)
  • What is a gastroscopy clinic? (wazmagazine.com)
  • A gastroscopy clinic is a facility that provides various tests and procedures focusing on the gastrointestinal system of the body in order to diagnose and provide treatment for disorders and diseases that affect any of its parts. (wazmagazine.com)
  • When visiting an gastroscopy clinic, you will be acquainted with a gastroenterologist. (wazmagazine.com)
  • Why do you need to visit a gastroscopy clinic? (wazmagazine.com)
  • In general, doctors recommend that adults visit a gastroscopy clinic once they have reached the age of 50 as this is the period in life when the risk becomes higher for men and women to develop colon cancer. (wazmagazine.com)
  • Although if you've had several trips to the loo that is more than you can handle in a day and the consistency of your bowel is more liquid than what it is normally meant to be, then you should get your gut checked at a gastroscopy clinic. (wazmagazine.com)
  • Undergoing an assessment in a gastroscopy clinic can rule out sever medical conditions like esophageal cancer. (wazmagazine.com)
  • Gastroscopy is recommended when a patient experiences symptoms such as persistent abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, heartburn, unexplained weight loss, or if other diagnostic tests suggest abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract. (onehealthcares.com)
  • Gastroscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating and treating conditions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. (onehealthcares.com)
  • A gastroscopy that is done to confirm a diagnosis or further investigate some symptoms is called a diagnostic gastroscopy. (onetotalhealth.com)
  • Moreover, gastroscopy is not just diagnostic but also therapeutic. (qpjidi.com)
  • However, respiratory depression following intravenous anesthesia and gastroscopy of the upper respiratory tract can cause hypoxemia in PG [5-7], considerably increasing the risk of patient morbidity and mortality [8,9]. (asploro.com)
  • 13. The current status of esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, and duodenoscopy. (nih.gov)
  • When gastroscopy is carried out to treat a condition, it is known as therapeutic gastroscopy. (onetotalhealth.com)
  • Selection of consecutive patients were assessed before gastroscopy, immediately after reassurance, and at follow up at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year. (bmj.com)
  • One consultant physician and 60 patients aged 18-74 referred for gastroscopy. (bmj.com)
  • A new imaging technique for the detection of MALT lymphomas, malignant tumors of the lymphatic system, could probably save patients numerous gastroscopies. (news-medical.net)
  • This study aimed to determine the proportion of abnormal gastroscopies among patients screened, including the incidence of gastric cancer and prevalence of precursor lesions. (nih.gov)
  • Advanced Colorectal and General Surgery provide patients with reliable and effective gastroscopy and colorectal treatments. (bestin.com.sg)
  • If a sufficiently high CXCR4 expression is detected at the initial diagnosis of MALT lymphoma, the new imaging could replace repeated gastroscopies in the course of the disease in the future or at least increase the time intervals between gastroscopies. (news-medical.net)
  • Dr Rehan Haidry is an experienced consultant gastroenterologist who carries out gastroscopies regularly for diagnosis, investigation, and treatment purposes. (drrehanhaidry.com)
  • In this article, we will delve into the details of gastroscopy , including the preparations you need to make and what to expect during the recovery process. (onehealthcares.com)
  • With up to 100% of performance horses, 59% of leisure horses and more than 50% of foals suffering from gastric lesions, we offer regular gastroscopy clinics so you can get your horse checked out if you have any concerns. (stationhousevets.com)
  • Gastroscopy can be carried out under local anaesthetic or sedative, depending on the patient's preference. (drrehanhaidry.com)
  • Whether you are experiencing digestive discomfort or need a routine check-up, the centres listed here are equipped to provide comprehensive gastroscopy services. (bestin.com.sg)
  • You might be referred for a gastroscopy if you have any of a range of symptoms, many of which will be uncomfortable and affect your enjoyment of life. (spirehealthcare.com)
  • After your gastroscopy, your healthcare provider will discuss the initial findings with you. (onehealthcares.com)
  • As we continue to advance in medical technology and knowledge, the role of procedures like gastroscopy in preventative healthcare will only become more vital. (qpjidi.com)
  • Procedures like gastroscopy are part of that forward-thinking approach, providing doctors with the tools they need to identify potential health issues before they become serious problems. (qpjidi.com)
  • This listicle aims to guide you through 30 of the best gastroscopy centres in Singapore , ensuring you have access to quality care. (bestin.com.sg)
  • This centre is a leading choice for those searching for the best gastroscopy centres in Singapore . (bestin.com.sg)
  • KH Ng Surgery is renowned as one of the best gastroscopy centres in Singapore, led by the esteemed Dr Ng Kheng Hong. (bestin.com.sg)
  • Her expertise and the centre's range of services ensure a comprehensive and nuanced approach to patient care, marking it as one of the best gastroscopy centres in Singapore for both men and women. (bestin.com.sg)
  • A family history of gastric cancer was associated with a non-significant increased risk of abnormal gastroscopy, while sex and specific gene involved did not affect the abnormality rate. (nih.gov)
  • Your doctor will then inform you about the results of your gastroscopy. (inamdarhospital.com)
  • 5. [Results of gastroscopy. (nih.gov)
  • With MyMediTravel you can browse 8 facilities offering Gastroscopy procedures in Thailand. (mymeditravel.com)
  • To study the time course and prediction of responses to reassurance after gastroscopy showing no serious illness. (bmj.com)
  • The gastroscopy test that I took this past Friday at my gastroenterologist's office shows no sign of Celiac Disease. (blogspot.com)
  • Before undergoing gastroscopy, you will typically need to fast for a specific period, usually around 6 to 8 hours. (onehealthcares.com)
  • It is common to experience a sore or scratchy throat after gastroscopy. (onehealthcares.com)