Gastroesophageal Reflux: Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.Esophageal pH Monitoring: Analysis of the HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION in the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS. It is used to record the pattern, frequency, and duration of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX.Fundoplication: Mobilization of the lower end of the esophagus and plication of the fundus of the stomach around it (fundic wrapping) in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX that may be associated with various disorders, such as hiatal hernia. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Esophagus: The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Esophagogastric Junction: The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.Esophagitis: INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.Manometry: Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.Esophagitis, Peptic: INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Back flow of gastric contents to the LARYNGOPHARYNX where it comes in contact with tissues of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngopharyngeal reflux is an extraesophageal manifestation of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX.Proton Pump Inhibitors: Compounds that inhibit H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE. They are used as ANTI-ULCER AGENTS and sometimes in place of HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS for GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX.Esophagoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the esophagus.Heartburn: Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.Hernia, Hiatal: STOMACH herniation located at or near the diaphragmatic opening for the ESOPHAGUS, the esophageal hiatus.Barrett Esophagus: A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.Esophageal Sphincter, Lower: The physiologic or functional barrier to GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX at the esophagogastric junction. Sphincteric muscles remain tonically contracted during the resting state and form the high-pressure zone separating the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS from that of the STOMACH. (Haubrich et al, Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed., pp399, 415)Bile Reflux: Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.Duodenogastric Reflux: Retrograde flow of duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the STOMACH.Laryngitis: Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.Endoscopy, Digestive System: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.Esophageal Motility Disorders: Disorders affecting the motor function of the UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; the ESOPHAGUS body, or a combination of these parts. The failure of the sphincters to maintain a tonic pressure may result in gastric reflux of food and acid into the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX). Other disorders include hypermotility (spastic disorders) and markedly increased amplitude in contraction (nutcracker esophagus).Histamine H2 Antagonists: Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of histamine. Their clinically most important action is the inhibition of acid secretion in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers. Smooth muscle may also be affected. Some drugs in this class have strong effects in the central nervous system, but these actions are not well understood.Esophageal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.Antacids: Substances that counteract or neutralize acidity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Vesico-Ureteral Reflux: Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.Gastric Acidity Determination: Gastric analysis for determination of free acid or total acid.Deglutition Disorders: Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Chronic ESOPHAGITIS characterized by esophageal mucosal EOSINOPHILIA. It is diagnosed when an increase in EOSINOPHILS are present over the entire esophagus. The reflux symptoms fail to respond to PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS treatment, unlike in GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. The symptoms are associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to food or inhalant allergens.Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.Tooth Erosion: Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)Gastroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.Pneumonia, Aspiration: A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.Gastric Fundus: The superior portion of the body of the stomach above the level of the cardiac notch.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles: Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.Peristalsis: A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.Anti-Ulcer Agents: Various agents with different action mechanisms used to treat or ameliorate PEPTIC ULCER or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. This has included ANTIBIOTICS to treat HELICOBACTER INFECTIONS; HISTAMINE H2 ANTAGONISTS to reduce GASTRIC ACID secretion; and ANTACIDS for symptomatic relief.Laparoscopy: A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.Cough: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.Esophageal Stenosis: A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.Esophageal Diseases: Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.Cardia: That part of the STOMACH close to the opening from ESOPHAGUS into the stomach (cardiac orifice), the ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION. The cardia is so named because of its closeness to the HEART. Cardia is characterized by the lack of acid-forming cells (GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS).Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases: Pathological processes of the ear, the nose, and the throat, also known as the ENT diseases.Gastric Acid: Hydrochloric acid present in GASTRIC JUICE.Gastric Emptying: The evacuation of food from the stomach into the duodenum.Laryngeal Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Esophageal Achalasia: A motility disorder of the ESOPHAGUS in which the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (near the CARDIA) fails to relax resulting in functional obstruction of the esophagus, and DYSPHAGIA. Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.Monitoring, Physiologic: The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.Esophageal Sphincter, Upper: The structure at the pharyngoesophageal junction consisting chiefly of the CRICOPHARYNGEUS MUSCLE. It normally occludes the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS, except during SWALLOWING.Respiratory Aspiration: Inhaling liquid or solids, such as stomach contents, into the RESPIRATORY TRACT. When this causes severe lung damage, it is called ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA.Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.Silicic Acid: A hydrated form of silicon dioxide. It is commonly used in the manufacture of TOOTHPASTES and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY.Gastroenterology: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures (esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).Gastrointestinal Agents: Drugs used for their effects on the gastrointestinal system, as to control gastric acidity, regulate gastrointestinal motility and water flow, and improve digestion.Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.Metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Aerophagy: Spasmodic swallowing of air.Monitoring, Ambulatory: The use of electronic equipment to observe or record physiologic processes while the patient undergoes normal daily activities.Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.Hoarseness: An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.Intubation, Gastrointestinal: The insertion of a tube into the stomach, intestines, or other portion of the gastrointestinal tract to allow for the passage of food products, etc.Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Dilatation: The act of dilating.Enteral Nutrition: Nutritional support given via the alimentary canal or any route connected to the gastrointestinal system (i.e., the enteral route). This includes oral feeding, sip feeding, and tube feeding using nasogastric, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes.Dyspepsia: Impaired digestion, especially after eating.Helicobacter Infections: Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.Stomach Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.Gastroplasty: Surgical procedures involving the STOMACH and sometimes the lower ESOPHAGUS to correct anatomical defects, or to treat MORBID OBESITY by reducing the size of the stomach. There are several subtypes of bariatric gastroplasty, such as vertical banded gastroplasty, silicone ring vertical gastroplasty, and horizontal banded gastroplasty.Gastrointestinal Diseases: Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Electric Impedance: The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Abnormal passage between the ESOPHAGUS and the TRACHEA, acquired or congenital, often associated with ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA.Gastrostomy: Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression.Irritable Mood: Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.Plethysmography, Impedance: Recording changes in electrical impedance between electrodes placed on opposite sides of a part of the body, as a measure of volume changes in the path of the current. (Stedman, 25th ed)Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.Proton Pumps: Integral membrane proteins that transport protons across a membrane. This transport can be linked to the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. What is referred to as proton pump inhibitors frequently is about POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Esophageal Atresia: Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. Symptoms include excessive SALIVATION; GAGGING; CYANOSIS; and DYSPNEA.Esophagoplasty: A plastic operation on the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)Laryngoscopy: Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.Helicobacter pylori: A spiral bacterium active as a human gastric pathogen. It is a gram-negative, urease-positive, curved or slightly spiral organism initially isolated in 1982 from patients with lesions of gastritis or peptic ulcers in Western Australia. Helicobacter pylori was originally classified in the genus CAMPYLOBACTER, but RNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, growth patterns, and other taxonomic characteristics indicate that the micro-organism should be included in the genus HELICOBACTER. It has been officially transferred to Helicobacter gen. nov. (see Int J Syst Bacteriol 1989 Oct;39(4):297-405).Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Eructation: The ejection of gas or air through the mouth from the stomach.Mucous Membrane: An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.Vomiting: The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.Gastric Juice: The liquid secretion of the stomach mucosa consisting of hydrochloric acid (GASTRIC ACID); PEPSINOGENS; INTRINSIC FACTOR; GASTRIN; MUCUS; and the bicarbonate ion (BICARBONATES). (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p651)Pylorus: The region of the STOMACH at the junction with the DUODENUM. It is marked by the thickening of circular muscle layers forming the pyloric sphincter to control the opening and closure of the lumen.Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Failure to Thrive: A condition of substandard growth or diminished capacity to maintain normal function.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Deglutition: The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.Venous Insufficiency: Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.Esophagectomy: Excision of part (partial) or all (total) of the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)Lung Transplantation: The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.Gastrointestinal Motility: The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.Sulfoxides: Organic compounds that have the general formula R-SO-R. They are obtained by oxidation of mercaptans (analogous to the ketones). (From Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 4th ed)Voice Disorders: Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the digestive system or its organs or demonstration of their physiological processes.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Digestive System Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.Larynx: A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.Esophageal and Gastric Varices: Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Gastritis: Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Otitis Media with Effusion: Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.Diverticulum, Esophageal: Saccular protrusion beyond the wall of the ESOPHAGUS.Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y: A Y-shaped surgical anastomosis of any part of the digestive system which includes the small intestine as the eventual drainage site.Respiration Disorders: Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.Peptic Ulcer: Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).Capsule Endoscopy: Non-invasive, endoscopic imaging by use of VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES to perform examination of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small bowel.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Hernia, Diaphragmatic: Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of congenital or traumatic defects in the respiratory DIAPHRAGM.Obesity, Morbid: The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.Respiratory Tract DiseasesRecurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Precancerous Conditions: Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.Narrow Band Imaging: Imaging techniques that use illumination created with several optical interference filters by which the frequency ranges are spectrally narrowed and light scatter is greatly reduced. Thus the reflected photons reconstituting the images are from distinct depths (the surface and deeper layers) of the object being imaged.Bottle Feeding: Use of nursing bottles for feeding. Applies to humans and animals.Colic: A clinical syndrome with intermittent abdominal pain characterized by sudden onset and cessation that is commonly seen in infants. It is usually associated with obstruction of the INTESTINES; of the CYSTIC DUCT; or of the URINARY TRACT.Bronchiectasis: Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.Infant Formula: Liquid formulations for the nutrition of infants that can substitute for BREAST MILK.Gastric Mucosa: Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.Suture Techniques: Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.Duodenal Ulcer: A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
Symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: double blind controlled study of intermittent treatment with omeprazole or ranitidine. The European Study Group. (1/2087)
OBJECTIVE: To assess intermittent treatment over 12 months in patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. DESIGN: Randomised, multicentre, double blind, controlled study. Patients with heartburn and normal endoscopy results or mild erosive changes received omeprazole 10 mg or 20 mg daily or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily for 2 weeks. Patients remaining symptomatic had omeprazole 10 mg or ranitidine dose doubled for another 2 weeks while omeprazole 20 mg was continued for 2 weeks. Patients who were symptomatic or mildly symptomatic were followed up for 12 months. Recurrences of moderate or severe heartburn during follow up were treated with the dose which was successful for initial symptom control. SETTING: Hospitals and primary care practices between 1994 and 1996. SUBJECTS: 677 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total time off active treatment, time to failure of intermittent treatment, and outcomes ranked from best to worst. RESULTS: 704 patients were randomised, 677 were eligible for analyses; 318 reached the end of the study with intermittent treatment without recourse to maintenance antisecretory drugs. The median number of days off active treatment during follow up was 142 for the entire study (281 for the 526 patients who reached a treatment related end point). Thus, about half the patients did not require treatment for at least 6 months, and this was similar in all three treatment groups. According to outcome, 378 (72%) patients were in the best outcome ranks (no relapse or one (or more) relapse but in remission until 12 months); 630 (93%) had three or fewer relapses in the intermittent treatment phase. Omeprazole 20 mg provided faster relief of heartburn. The results were similar in patients with erosive and non-erosive disease. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent treatment is effective in managing symptoms of heartburn in half of patients with uncomplicated gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. It is simple and applicable in general practice, where most patients are seen. (+info)The effect of hiatus hernia on gastro-oesophageal junction pressure. (2/2087)
BACKGROUND: Hiatus hernia and lower oesophageal sphincter hypotension are often viewed as opposing hypotheses for gastro-oesophageal junction incompetence. AIMS: To examine the interaction between hiatus hernia and lower oesophageal sphincter hypotension. METHODS: In seven normal subjects and seven patients with hiatus hernia, the squamocolumnar junction and intragastric margin of the gastro-oesophageal junction were marked with endoscopically placed clips. Axial and radial characteristics of the gastro-oesophageal junction high pressure zone were mapped relative to the hiatus and clips during concurrent fluoroscopy and manometry. Responses to inspiration and abdominal compression were also analysed. RESULTS: In normal individuals the squamocolumnar junction was 0.5 cm below the hiatus and the gastro-oesophageal junction high pressure zone extended 1.1 cm distal to that. In those with hiatus hernia, the gastro-oesophageal junction high pressure zone had two discrete segments, one proximal to the squamocolumnar junction and one distal, attributable to the extrinsic compression within the hiatal canal. Inspiration and abdominal compression mainly augmented the distal one. Simulation of hernia reduction by algebraically summing the proximal segment pressures with the hiatal canal pressures restored normal maximal pressure, radial asymmetry, and dynamic responses of the gastro-oesophageal junction. CONCLUSIONS: Hiatus hernia reduces lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and alters its dynamic responsiveness by spatially separating pressure components derived from the intrinsic lower oesophageal sphincter and the extrinsic compression of the oesophagus within the hiatal canal. (+info)Improvement in quality of life measures after laparoscopic antireflux surgery. (3/2087)
OBJECTIVE: To determine if patients with gastroesophageal reflux "well controlled medically" had a different quality of life from those with residual symptoms receiving aggressive medical therapy, and to determine whether laparoscopic antireflux surgery significantly altered quality of life in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical determinants of outcome may not adequately reflect the full impact of therapy. The medical outcomes study short form (SF-36) is a well-validated questionnaire that assays eight specific health concepts in three general fields. It may provide a more sensitive tool for judging the success of antireflux therapy. METHODS: A total of 345 patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery completed at least one questionnaire during the study period. Preoperative questionnaires were completed by 290 patients, 223 completed a questionnaire 6 weeks after surgery, and 50 completed the same questionnaire 1 year after surgery. A subgroup of 70 patients was divided before surgery into two groups on the basis of their response to standard medical therapy. RESULTS: Preoperative scores were extremely low. All eight SF-36 health categories improved significantly 6 weeks and 1 year after surgery. In the 70-patient subgroup, 53 patients (76%) underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery because of symptoms refractory to medical therapy and 17 patients (24%) reported that their symptoms were well controlled but elected to have surgery because they wished to be medication-free. The preoperative quality of life scores of these two patient groups were equivalent in all but one category. Postoperative scores were significantly improved in all categories and indistinguishable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is an effective therapy for patients with gastroesophageal reflux and may be more effective than medical therapy at improving quality of life. (+info)Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. (4/2087)
BACKGROUND: The causes of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia are poorly understood. We conducted an epidemiologic investigation of the possible association between gastroesophageal reflux and these tumors. METHODS: We performed a nationwide, population-based, case-control study in Sweden. Case ascertainment was rapid, and all cases were classified uniformly. Information on the subjects' history of gastroesophageal reflux was collected in personal interviews. The odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression, with multivariate adjustment for potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Of the patients interviewed, the 189 with esophageal adenocarcinoma and the 262 with adenocarcinoma of the cardia constituted 85 percent of the 529 patients in Sweden who were eligible for the study during the period from 1995 through 1997. For comparison, we interviewed 820 control subjects from the general population and 167 patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. Among persons with recurrent symptoms of reflux, as compared with persons without such symptoms, the odds ratios were 7.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.3 to 11.4) for esophageal adenocarcinoma and 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 2.9) for adenocarcinoma of the cardia. The more frequent, more severe, and longer-lasting the symptoms of reflux, the greater the risk. Among persons with long-standing and severe symptoms of reflux, the odds ratios were 43.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 18.3 to 103.5) for esophageal adenocarcinoma and 4.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 11.0) for adenocarcinoma of the cardia. The risk of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma was not associated with reflux (odds ratio, 1.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong and probably causal relation between gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal adenocarcinoma. The relation between reflux and adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia is relatively weak. (+info)Gastroesophageal reflux disease: diagnosis and management. (5/2087)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, relapsing condition with associated morbidity and an adverse impact on quality of life. The disease is common, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 25 to 35 percent in the U.S. population. GERD can usually be diagnosed based on the clinical presentation alone. In some patients, however, the diagnosis may require endoscopy and, rarely, ambulatory pH monitoring. Management includes lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapy; refractory disease requires surgery. The therapeutic goals are to control symptoms, heal esophagitis and maintain remission so that morbidity is decreased and quality of life is improved. (+info)Pseudo-steroid resistant asthma. (6/2087)
BACKGROUND: Steroid resistant asthma (SRA) represents a small subgroup of those patients who have asthma and who are difficult to manage. Two patients with apparent SRA are described, and 12 additional cases who were admitted to the same hospital are reviewed. METHODS: The subjects were selected from a tertiary hospital setting by review of all asthma patients admitted over a two year period. Subjects were defined as those who failed to respond to high doses of bronchodilators and oral glucocorticosteroids, as judged by subjective assessment, audible wheeze on examination, and serial peak flow measurements. RESULTS: In 11 of the 14 patients identified there was little to substantiate the diagnosis of severe or steroid resistant asthma apart from symptoms and upper respiratory wheeze. Useful tests to differentiate this group of patients from those with severe asthma appear to be: the inability to perform reproducible forced expiratory manoeuvres, normal airway resistance, and a concentration of histamine causing a 20% fall in the forced expiratory volume (FEV1) being within the range for normal subjects (PC20). Of the 14 subjects, four were health care staff and two reported childhood sexual abuse. CONCLUSION: Such patients are important to identify as they require supportive treatment which should not consist of high doses of glucocorticosteroids and beta2 adrenergic agonists. Diagnoses other than asthma, such as gastro-oesophageal reflux, hyperventilation, vocal cord dysfunction and sleep apnoea, should be sought as these may be a cause of glucocorticosteroid treatment failure and pseudo-SRA, and may respond to alternative treatment. (+info)Review article: Helicobacter pylori and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-clinical implications and management. (7/2087)
A significant proportion of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have Helicobacter pylori infection, but it is unclear whether or not H. pylori should be treated in this clinical setting. The aim of this review was to critically assess the relationship between H. pylori and GERD and its potential implications for the management of GERD. Data for this review were gathered from the following sources up to April 1998-the biomedical database MEDLINE, a detailed review of medical journals, and a review of abstracts submitted to relevant international meetings. On average, 40% of GERD patients carry H. pylori infection, with a reported infection prevalence ranging from 16% to 88%. To date, there has been no reported controlled trial of effective H. pylori therapy in GERD. GERD has been reported to develop de novo following the cure of H. pylori in peptic ulcer disease. In the presence of H. pylori, proton pump inhibitor therapy appears to accelerate the development of atrophic corpus gastritis, a potentially precancerous condition. Conversely, proton pump inhibitor therapy seems to become less effective after cure of H. pylori. The mechanisms underlying these important contrasting phenomena are poorly understood. The relationship between H. pylori and GERD is complex, and it is difficult to give definitive guidelines on the management of H. pylori infection in GERD. Controlled trials of H. pylori therapy in GERD are urgently needed, as well as further long-term data on both the natural history of gastric histopathological changes in the H. pylori-positive GERD patient treated with proton pump inhibitors, and the impact of H. pylori status on the clinical efficacy of antisecretory therapy. Pending these data, it is perhaps advisable to advocate cure of H. pylori in young patients with proton pump inhibitor-dependent GERD who, in the absence of anti-reflux surgery, are faced with the likelihood of long-term medical therapy. (+info)A manometric assessment of oesophagogastrostomy. (8/2087)
Intraluminal pressures were recorded in 14 patients who had undergone oesophagogastrectomy. Seven of these had a mid-thoracic and seven a high cervical oesophagogastrostomy. The incidence of postoperative reflux complications in each group was noted. No pressure gradient across the anastomosis was detected in any patient but the upper oesophageal sphincter was shown to be retained as a functioning unit in all cases. It is considered that the thoracic anastomosis provides no demonstrable barrier to reflux. In addition, a high cervical oesophagogastrostomy does not adversely affect the upper oesophageal sphincter. The wider application of this latter procedure may be associated with a decreased incidence of postoperative reflux complications. (+info)
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GERD44
- Nearly all epidemiologic studies have found an association between increasing body mass index (BMI) and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (nih.gov)
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been consistently associated with improvement in the symptoms and findings of GERD. (nih.gov)
- PURPOSE This initiative is designed to stimulate and solicit studies to broadly address the problem of Barrett's esophagus and its etiology and relationship to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its link to the rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. (nih.gov)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach contents leak backward from the stomach into the esophagus (food pipe). (mountsinai.org)
- If the sphincter does not close properly, food and liquid can move backward into the esophagus and cause heartburn and other symptoms known as gastroesophageal disease (GERD). (mountsinai.org)
- If so, you may have Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. (mountsinai.org)
- To determine if you have GERD, your doctor may request an upper endoscopy exam to look into your esophagus and stomach to diagnose reflux. (mountsinai.org)
- Population-based data regarding the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Greece are very poor. (dovepress.com)
- People with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often suffer recurrent chest distress and commonly experience asthma symptoms. (asthmaandallergies.org)
- People with GERD may experience reflux periodically or on a very regular basis - both upright and when lying down. (asthmaandallergies.org)
- Some experts believe that asthma also may trigger GERD, when breathing difficulties or certain asthma medications cause the esophageal sphincter muscle to relax and allow stomach contents to reflux - completing a troublesome, potential vicious cycle. (asthmaandallergies.org)
- In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), acid leaks out of your stomach into your food pipe. (adam.com)
- GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is best managed with a comprehensive treatment plan. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- At Florida Medical Clinic, our gastroenterologists work one-on-one with each patient to develop an effective treatment plan, usually consisting of lifestyle changes and other self-care options, acid reflux medications, and potentially even surgery to help reduce the pain and discomfort often caused by GERD. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- To learn more about the Florida Medical Clinic approach to GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) treatment, contact us today. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- When you have heartburn that bothers you often, it's called gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. (kaiserpermanente.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition which develops when the reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. (readbyqxmd.com)
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Endoscopic therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are minimally invasive techniques which fill the gap between the medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and surgical fundoplication. (readbyqxmd.com)
- We have previously reported short-term outcomes after hiatal hernia repair (HHR) at the time of magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (readbyqxmd.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the digestive disorder affecting the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). (healthician.org)
- GER disease (GERD) occurs when reflux of the gastric contents causes symptoms that affect the quality of life for an infant. (nicuawareness.org)
- In GERD, the reflux contains stomach acid which damages the lining of the esophagus. (nicuawareness.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) is a digestive disorder that occurs when the stomach acid flows back into the esophagus and enters the mouth. (btrue.net)
- Heartburn, also known as acid reflux or acid indigestion, is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (btrue.net)
- In a 2013 study , it was estimated that 13% of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reported experiencing regurgitation at least 4 days a week. (btrue.net)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease that accounts for approximately 75 per cent of the pathology of the esophagus. (elsevier.com)
- most often complain of a burning retrosternal discomfort Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD. (tnfclearance.net)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition in which the. (tnfclearance.net)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD), a common disorder. (tnfclearance.net)
- Sep 17, 2019 · doctors recommend lifestyle and dietary changes for most people needing treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd). (tnfclearance.net)
- Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with no warning signs or symptoms that suggest complicated disease (see Table 2). (tnfclearance.net)
- If you have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the return of acidic. (tnfclearance.net)
- While typically attributed to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), supra-esophageal symptoms, such as cough, back arching and gagging, can be temporally associated with aerophagia, according to a new study by researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, occurs when acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. (fwshagets.com)
- Background: The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) rests primarily on recognition of symptom patterns that are classical for reflux disease, but little attention has been paid to the use of a formal questionnaire for identifying such symptom patterns. (readkong.com)
- questionnaire Rolf Carlsson, Ph.D., GI Management & Strategies, Astra Hässle AB, S-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden (fax: 46 31 776 3801) Heartburn and acid regurgitation are the commonest symp- definitions of these symptoms, and the overlap between reflux toms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (readkong.com)
- Acid Reflux Symptoms, Diet Treatment Between percent of Americans suffer from acid reflux symptoms and 20 percent from GERD. (pinterest.com.au)
- Curing acid reflux and GERD naturally requires a multi-prong approach. (pinterest.com.au)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD for short) causes daily persistent heartburn, also called acid reflux, in nearly 1 in 5 American adults. (pinterest.com.au)
- What you most likely have, along with more than 60 million Americans, is a more serious form of heartburn called gastroesophageal reflux disease or simply known as GERD. (pinterest.com.au)
- It is also referred to as peptic ulcer disease or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). (pinterest.com.au)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder caused by abnormal reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. (hud.ac.uk)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) characterized by heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders managed by gastroenterologists and primary care physicians. (gastroscan.ru)
- Erosive esophagitis (EE), nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) and Barrett s esophagus are the three phenotypic presentations of GERD. (gastroscan.ru)
Esophagus13
- Central adiposity may be the most important risk for the development of reflux and related complications such as Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. (nih.gov)
- BARRETT'S ESOPHAGUS, GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS Release Date: September 17, 2001 RFA: RFA-DK-02-015 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases ( http://www.niddk.nih.gov ) National Cancer Institute ( http://www.nci.nih.gov/ ) Letter of Intent Receipt Date: February 20, 2002 Application Receipt Date: March 20, 2002 THIS RFA USES "MODULAR GRANT" AND "JUST-IN-TIME" CONCEPTS. (nih.gov)
- This Request for Applications (RFA), "Barrett's Esophagus, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus," is related to one or more of the priority areas. (nih.gov)
- A sphincter at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach prevents reflux of food and acid from the stomach into the esophagus. (mountsinai.org)
- Fortunately, there's a band of muscle between the stomach and the esophagus - called the Lower Esophageal Sphincter or L-E-S, that clamps down to prevent the stomach contents from moving or refluxing upward and burning the lining of the esophagus. (mountsinai.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter does not close completely, allowing some semi-digested food and gastric acid to be pushed back up into the esophagus. (asthmaandallergies.org)
- The refluxed gastric acid irritates the nerve endings in the esophagus generating signals to the brain. (asthmaandallergies.org)
- Our treatment plans also take into account the potential long-term complications of acid reflux, such as Barrett's esophagus, and work to reduce the risk of these conditions eventually developing. (floridamedicalclinic.com)
- Reflux means that stomach acid and juices move back up into your esophagus, the tube that leads from the throat to the stomach. (kaiserpermanente.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs when there is an involuntary retrograde passage of gastric contents into the esophagus with or without regurgitation or vomiting. (nicuawareness.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux is a condition in which the contents of the stomach (in liquid form) backs up or refluxes into the esophagus. (patientsengage.com)
- A ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), contracts to keep the acidic contents of the stomach from "refluxing" or coming back up into the esophagus. (fwshagets.com)
- Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) occurs during or after a meal when stomach contents go back into the tube (esophagus) that connects the mouth to the stomach. (palonline.net)
Esophageal7
- Among persons with recurrent symptoms of reflux, as compared with persons without such symptoms, the odds ratios were 7.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.3 to 11.4) for esophageal adenocarcinoma and 2.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.4 to 2.9) for adenocarcinoma of the cardia. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Among persons with long-standing and severe symptoms of reflux, the odds ratios were 43.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 18.3 to 103.5) for esophageal adenocarcinoma and 4.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.7 to 11.0) for adenocarcinoma of the cardia. (unboundmedicine.com)
- There is a strong and probably causal relation between gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal adenocarcinoma. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. (unboundmedicine.com)
- These infants had frequent gastroesophageal reflux for only 2 3/4 hours postcibally, antral-pylorospasm, increased low esophageal sphincter pressures, and a high incidence of pulmonary symptoms and non-specific watery diarrhea. (meta.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux induced bronchoconstriction: vagolytic doses of atropine diminish airway responses in order to esophageal acid infusion [abstract]. (noticiescursa.com)
- A mally high levels of esophageal acid reflux are found, but a further evaluation was undertaken in patients with symptoms normal pH study does not exclude the diagnosis (8-11). (readkong.com)
Infants6
- Anyone - including infants, children, and teens - can develop gastroesophageal reflux. (asthmaandallergies.org)
- Symptomatic infants displayed three patterns of gastroesophageal reflux after drinking apple juice (20 ml/kg or 300 ml/m2 of body surface area). (meta.org)
- A functional motility disorder suggesting delayed gastric emptying appeared to be important in infants with discontinuous reflux (type II pattern). (meta.org)
- The mixed (type III) pattern of gastroesophageal reflux occurred in a small number of infants and exhibited features of both type I and II patterns. (meta.org)
- The article, which was published in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , presents two clinical cases of infants who were referred to Nationwide Children's for symptoms suggestive of reflux. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
- Standard-of-care, impedance-pH monitoring found little evidence of reflux in these infants. (pediatricsnationwide.org)
20171
- And in a study inside a February 2017 issue from the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, researchers examined possible factors that cause frequent asthma flares and found that will higher body mass index, gastroesophageal reflux, and long-term sinusitis were each linked with frequent exacerbations associated with asthma. (noticiescursa.com)
Disorder1
- Meanwhile, typically the effects can go the other way too - which means that asthma can aggravate acid reflux disorder, thanks to pressure adjustments that occur inside typically the chest and abdomen throughout an asthma attack. (noticiescursa.com)
Regurgitation3
- Regurgitation and vomiting are the most common symptoms of infant reflux. (nicuawareness.org)
- Patients who have gastroesophageal reflux disease also reported experiencing regurgitation. (btrue.net)
- If the typical symptoms of reflux disease are present, including heartburn and regurgitation, your doctor may begin treatment without performing specific. (tnfclearance.net)
Management of gastroesophageal reflux1
- Sandhu DS, Fass R. Current Trends in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. (gastroscan.ru)
Gastroenterology1
- This month's issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology shows that weight gain is associated with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, independently of body mass index. (gastrohep.com)
Patients5
- Current evidence suggests that laparoscopic adjusted gastric banding should be avoided in these patients as the impact on gastroesophageal reflux disease appears unfavorable. (nih.gov)
- The type I pattern occurred in patients who had continuous postcibal gastroesophageal reflux, large hiatal hernias and frequently required an antireflux operation. (meta.org)
- Thus, more than 60% of these patients, who have been being referred for surgery to correct a gastroesophageal abnormality, actually experienced respiratory symptoms. (noticiescursa.com)
- While these patients had a great improvement in associated with extreme reflux, their overall quality-of-life scores were similar to individuals of the placebo team. (noticiescursa.com)
- Endoscopy is fore, developed a self-administered questionnaire that is not a substitute for careful symptom evaluation, since most focused on the nature of the sensations experienced by the patients with troublesome reflux symptoms do not have any patient and the provoking, exacerbating, and relieving factors. (readkong.com)
Anti-reflux3
- For a patient who has persistent symptoms despite medical treatment, an anti-reflux operation may be an option. (mountsinai.org)
- Both children were treated with anti-reflux methods and both became sign free. (noticiescursa.com)
- Anti-reflux process of difficult-to-treat asthmatic children, case statement and literature review Physique 8: Effect of antireflux surgery on asthma symptoms in adults: 14 research. (noticiescursa.com)
Stomach contents1
- 2) In many cases, physicians believe that the refluxed stomach contents enter the lungs directly. (asthmaandallergies.org)
Development of gastroesophageal1
- However, it is unknown to what extent short-term weight gain is associated with the development of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. (gastrohep.com)
Symptoms of reflux1
- The more frequent, more severe, and longer-lasting the symptoms of reflux, the greater the risk. (unboundmedicine.com)
Asthma2
- What is the link between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease? (asthmaandallergies.org)
- Generally speaking, reflux may cause asthma symptoms in two ways. (asthmaandallergies.org)
Treatment1
- treatment aims at decreasing the amount of reflux. (tnfclearance.net)
Digestive2
- We often hear elderly people struggling with digestive issues like constipation, acid reflux, difficulty in swallowing, ulcers and more. (patientsengage.com)
- There is increased evidence and understanding that chronic digestive disorders like IBS, IBD and gastrophageal reflux cannot be separated from the psychological wellbeing of a. (patientsengage.com)
Heartburn17
- Heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux can be brought on or made worse by pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Persistent symptoms of heartburn and reflux should not be ignored. (news-medical.net)
- Heartburn, also known as gastric reflux or indigestion, happens after you eat and food is in your stomach. (breastcancer.org)
- A study published in Scientific Reports suggests proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to treat heartburn or acid reflux may increase kidney disease risk. (healthcentral.com)
- Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring of reflux patterns in non-erosive reflux disease, reflux hypersensitivity and functional heartburn]. (medworm.com)
- Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in reflux patterns in 24-hour esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), reflux hypersensitivity (RH) and functional heartburn (FH) and explore the possible mechanism of symptoms in patients with heartburn and negative endoscopic findings. (medworm.com)
- Wiley) Individuals who are obese often experience heartburn and other symptoms of acid reflux. (medworm.com)
- This will ease the heartburn caused by reflux. (rochester.edu)
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease typically manifests as heartburn and regurgitation, but it may also present with atypical or extraesophageal symptoms, including asthma, chronic cough, laryngitis, hoarseness, chronic sore throat, dental erosions, and noncardiac chest pain. (aafp.org)
- Diagnosing atypical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease is often a challenge because heartburn and regurgitation may be absent, making it difficult to prove a cause-and-effect relationship. (aafp.org)
- Heartburn is the most common symptom of gastro-esophageal reflux. (articlesphere.com)
- Heartburn is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and you'll usually feel it more than once a week. (sharecare.com)
- Understanding heartburn and reflux disease. (medicalcityhospital.com)
- No, there can frequently be reflux in the absence of heartburn. (evms.edu)
- Other individuals may simply not experience heartburn even though reflux is present. (evms.edu)
- Reflux causes heartburn. (limamemorial.org)
- The question regarding "heartburn, chest pain, indigestion, or stomach acid coming up" as included in the Reflux Symptom Index was used for prevalence assessment. (dovepress.com)
Lower esophagea9
- Comparative effects of metoclopramide and bethanechol on lower esophageal sphincter pressure in reflux patients. (springer.com)
- The actual mechanism is that reflux arises in order to maintain balance between the Lower esophageal sphincter pressure and the intra gastric pressure. (openpr.com)
- Conversely, some patients have irregular pattern of sphincter relaxing and normal Lower esophageal sphincter pressures, resulting into gastric reflux. (openpr.com)
- Reflux happens because the lower esophageal sphincter in babies opens easily. (rochester.edu)
- Reflux is often caused by problems with the lower esophageal sphincter. (rochester.edu)
- A decreased basal tone of the lower esophageal sphincter is a less common cause and can cause severe reflux especially when intra-abdominal pressure increases or when lying supine. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- In each case, the increased gastric pressure exerts abnormally high pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter and predisposes the individual to reflux. (nutritionmd.org)
- O'Connor KW, Lehman GA. Endoscopic placement of collagen at the lower esophageal sphincter to inhibit gastroesophageal reflux: a pilot study of 10 medically intractable patients. (springer.com)
- Antireflux surgery controls acid reflux and treats an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, while improving patient quality of life in the long-term. (sages.org)
Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux1
- The Usefulness of the Measurement of Esophagogastric Junction Distensibility by EndoFLIP in the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. (medworm.com)
Regurgitation7
- Although gastroesophageal reflux is a normal physiologic occurrence, excessive gastric and duodenal regurgitation combined with a decrease in normal protective mechanisms, including an adequate production of saliva, may result in many esophageal and extraesophageal adverse conditions. (hindawi.com)
- Although symptoms of the condition are varied they may be characterized by three cardinal features - heart burn, acid reflux or regurgitation in the mouth and difficulty swallowing. (news-medical.net)
- People with acid reflux may also experience a feeling of regurgitation (food coming back into the mouth) after eating and a bitter or acid taste. (sharecare.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux, with passive regurgitation of feedings, occurs in about 50% of healthy infants but seldom persists beyond 1 year of age. (thefreedictionary.com)
- It also is a necessary precursor to regurgitation which is the outward manifestation of extreme reflux - that which reaches the oropharynx. (mspca.org)
- In a paper that looked at the incidence of regurgitation (not gastroesophageal reflux) in a larger population of anesthetized dogs (4,271 cases) they identified a 25 fold greater incidence of regurgitation in dogs that were having orthopedic procedures performed. (mspca.org)
- Reglan (metoclopramide) is a commonly used medication to reduce the risk of reflux, regurgitation, and vomiting in the anesthetic period. (mspca.org)
Occurs5
- Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in more than two-thirds of otherwise healthy infants and is the topic of discussion with pediatricians at one-quarter of all routine 6-month infant visits. (aappublications.org)
- Acid reflux often occurs, then, at night after a late night snack or a night on the town. (articlesphere.com)
- In many cases the reflux occurs at nighttime when we lie down. (evms.edu)
- Gastroesophageal reflux occurs during running in healthy volunteers. (annals.org)
- Gastroesophageal reflux occurs without any obvious outward signs and can happen in the awake, asleep or anesthetized patient. (mspca.org)
Hiatal hernia6
- This test can find a hiatal hernia, blockage and other problems that might mimic reflux. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- In this way, a hiatal hernia can cause reflux. (medicinenet.com)
- Upper gastrointestinal radiography (UGI) may identify reflux or a hiatal hernia but also can be used to rule out other anatomic abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as malrotation. (sages.org)
- This makes it possible to see the reflux and a hiatal hernia on the x-ray. (gicare.com)
- Angelchik JP, Cohen R. A new surgical procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia. (springer.com)
- Davis MV (1969) Evolving concepts regarding hiatal hernia and gastroenterological reflux. (springer.com)
Esophageal reflux12
- The first step in managing esophageal reflux disease involves medical treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- The primary surgical treatment of esophageal reflux is called esophageal fundoplication. (medlineplus.gov)
- Gastro-esophageal reflux and esophageal motility disorders in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. (medscape.com)
- Diverticular Disease and Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease. (bartleby.com)
- There are a small amount of diseases that can be not only prevented, but also corrected by eating the proper nutrition or maintaining a healthy lifestyle such as Diverticular Disease and Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease. (bartleby.com)
- Safety considerations when managing gastro-esophageal reflux disease in infants. (medworm.com)
- PPI therapy reduces symptoms of noncardiac chest pain and may be useful as a diagnostic test in identifying abnormal esophageal reflux. (aafp.org)
- Occasional esophageal reflux is usually nothing to be concerned about. (gicare.com)
- However, anyone who has esophageal reflux on a regular basis should consult a physician. (gicare.com)
- Thus, gastro esophageal reflux is also known as acid reflux. (iloveindia.com)
- Overholt RH, Ashraf MM (1966) Esophageal reflux as a trigger in asthma. (springer.com)
- Danus O, Cesar C, Larrain A, Pope II CE (1976) Esophageal reflux: an unrecognised cause of recurrent obstructive bronchitis in children. (springer.com)
Infants and children3
- Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children. (medicinenet.com)
- A more recent article on gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children is available. (aafp.org)
- Darling DB, McCauley RGK, Leonidas JC, Schwartz AM (1978) Gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children: correlation of radiological severity and pulmonary pathology. (springer.com)
Therapy for gastroesophageal reflux2
- Medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in 2007. (medscape.com)
- I thank Dr. Solomon for his comments about medical therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. (annals.org)
Performed for gastroesophageal reflux1
- Transthoracic and transabdominal fundoplications are performed for gastroesophageal reflux disease, including partial (anterior or posterior) and circumferential wraps. (medscape.com)
Responsible for Gastroesophageal reflux2
- It treats the root cause responsible for Gastroesophageal reflux diseases without any surgery. (openpr.com)
- Kawahara H, Dent J, Davidson G. Mechanisms responsible for gastroesophageal reflux in children. (springer.com)
Peptic2
- Pantoprazole is a drug that can help treat conditions such as acid reflux and peptic ulcers. (medworm.com)
- Many of them are familiar because of their use in treating reflux or peptic ulcer disease in adults. (drgreene.com)
Adults6
- van Wijk M, Knüppe F, Omari T, de Jong J, Benninga M. Evaluation of gastroesophageal function and mechanisms underlying gastroesophageal reflux in infants and adults born with esophageal atresia. (springer.com)
- Almost all children and adults have a bit of reflux, without being aware of it. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- See 'Medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults' . (uptodate.com)
- Both adults and infants who inhale the reflux acid may experience coughing, hoarseness, or wheezing. (medbroadcast.com)
- Mays EE (1976) Intrinsic asthma in adults: association with gastroesophageal reflux. (springer.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux is a normal physiological process occurring several times per day in healthy infants, children, and adults. (nursingcenter.com)
Barrier at the gastroesophageal1
- An antireflux barrier at the gastroesophageal junction is formed by normal anatomical features, including the oblique course of the gastroesophageal junction and diaphragmatic curve. (hindawi.com)
Endoscopy2
- Giannini EG, Zentilin P, Dulbecco P, Vigneri S, Scarlata P, Savarino V. Management strategy for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a comparison between empirical treatment with esomeprazole and endoscopy-oriented treatment. (medscape.com)
- Upper Endoscopy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Best Practice Advice from the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians. (medigraphic.com)
Acid reflux5
- Some of the pills prescribed for acid reflux disease cost as much as $100 per bottle. (articlesphere.com)
- There is a holistic way to overcome acid reflux disease. (articlesphere.com)
- They can give temporary relief, but they do not get rid of acid reflux disease. (articlesphere.com)
- Acid reflux disease treatment is different for many individuals. (articlesphere.com)
- People with these uncommon symptoms are often not aware that they actually have acid reflux disease. (sharecare.com)
Acidic4
- But, in healthy individuals, the acidic reflux is cleared by esophageal peristalsis and saliva within 1-2 minutes [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- A large number of disorders can occur when the highly acidic contents of the stomach are refluxed back up into the throat. (evms.edu)
- As a result, when acidic stomach contents are refluxed they cause the larynx to become irritated and inflamed. (evms.edu)
- The lower sphincter helps to prevent reflux of acidic stomach content. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment20
- Metoclopramide for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants: a systematic review. (springer.com)
- Use of bethanechol for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. (springer.com)
- The treatment of reflux depends upon the child's symptoms and age. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
- Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. (medscape.com)
- Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease involves a stepwise approach. (medscape.com)
- Whereas very few clinical success of the medical device for the treatment along with considerable side effects is restraining the growth of Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseases Devices Market. (openpr.com)
- Hence Innovations in terms of treatment modalities and commercialization of cost effective devices are expected to boost gastroesophageal reflux disease devices market during the forecast period. (openpr.com)
- Gastroesophageal reflux medications in the treatment of apnea in premature infants. (nih.gov)
- Stratification for documented reflux (by radiographic contrast or by pH probe analysis), concomitant use of methylxanthines or ranitidine, developmental age, feeding volume, and respiratory support did not identify a subgroup of patients whose apnea improved with antireflux treatment. (nih.gov)
- As long as these children grow well and don't have other issues caused by reflux, they don't need treatment. (rochester.edu)
- In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who have atypical or extraesophageal symptoms, aggressive acid suppression using proton pump inhibitors twice daily before meals for three to four months is the standard treatment, although some studies have failed to show a significant benefit in symptomatic improvement. (aafp.org)
- Tenatoprazole and the salts thereof can be used in the production of a medicament for the treatment of atypical and esophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, gastrorrhagia and dyspepsia. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 1. A medicament useful in the treatment of atypical and oesophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, digestive bleeding and dyspepsia, comprised of tenatoprazole. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 12. A method for the treatment of atypical and oesophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, digestive bleeding and dyspepsia, which comprises administering a medicament comprising tenatoprazole. (freepatentsonline.com)
- 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the medicament is administered for the treatment of nocturnal reflux. (freepatentsonline.com)
- The present invention concerns the treatment of diseases related to gastroesophageal reflux, digestive bleeding and dyspepsia, and more particularly the use of tenatoprazole in the manufacture of a medicament intended for the treatment of diseases related to gastroesophageal reflux, digestive bleeding and dyspepsia. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Treatment with medicines does not completely relieve your symptoms, and the remaining symptoms are proved to be caused by reflux of stomach juices. (healthwise.net)
- Because reflux is usually a mechanical problem, and because babies can't adjust their position as well as you and I can, positioning is an important part of reflux treatment. (drgreene.com)
- The first line of treatment for reflux is prevention. (evms.edu)
- Resection of the Gastroesophageal Junction and Roux-en-Y Reconstruction as a New Alternative for the Treatment of Recurrent Achalasia: Outcomes in a Short Series of Patients. (annals.org)
Association between gastroesophageal1
- We conducted an epidemiologic investigation of the possible association between gastroesophageal reflux and these tumors. (unboundmedicine.com)
Symptom2
- Therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride on the improvement in symptom severity and reflux parameters, we will conduct a randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, single-blind study. (centerwatch.com)
- Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) acid reflux and symptom patterns. (medigraphic.com)
Testing in infants1
- Effect of metoclopramide on prolonged intraesophageal pH testing in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. (springer.com)
Normal physiologic2
- Gastroesophageal reflux is a normal physiologic phenomenon experienced intermittently by most people, particularly after a meal. (medscape.com)
- It is generally considered a normal physiologic process, with physiologic reflux events occurring around 70 times per day in many neonates. (healio.com)
Junction3
- The left lobe of the liver is retracted superiorly to expose the gastroesophageal junction. (sages.org)
- In addition, it is important for the wrap to be above the gastroesophageal junction. (sages.org)
- Usually two stitches are necessary on one side of the gastroesophageal junction. (medgadget.com)
Treat gastroesophageal1
- Infants are often given acid-suppressing medicines to treat gastroesophageal reflux, but the drugs may affect the bones. (medworm.com)
Occur3
- All of the studies that have looked at pharyngeal acid exposure have noted EPR to occur much more frequently in those with reflux laryngitis than in controls. (scribd.com)
- Reflux can occur when peristalsis is impaired due to abnormal esophageal motility or other medical disorders. (healthcentral.com)
- Reflux episodes commonly occur with crying, defecating, coughing, and after meals when there is increased abdominal pressure. (nursingcenter.com)
Premature Infants3
- Justification: Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) is a condition that affects the majority of premature infants that are followed at the Kangaroo Mother Care Program. (centerwatch.com)
- To determine whether medications commonly used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux reduce the frequency of apnea in premature infants. (nih.gov)
- Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants with chronic lung disease. (springer.com)
Incidence2
- They found a direct positive correlation between the response and higher incidence of the reflux parameters, which was more pronounced when acid exposure times or reflux area indices were used for diagnosing EER rather than the number of reflux episodes. (hindawi.com)
- Pellegrini CA, DeMeester TR, Johnson LF, et al (1979) Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration: incidence, functional abnormality, and results of surgical therapy. (springer.com)
Clinical1
- Armstrong D. The clinical usefulness of prokinetic agents in gastrooesophageal reflux disease. (springer.com)
Cause reflux2
- Delayed gastric emptying can cause reflux. (rochester.edu)
- Food allergies may also cause reflux. (drgreene.com)
Severe3
- If the reflux is severe, your doctor may prescribe medicines that lower the amount of stomach acid produced and accelerate stomach emptying. (askdrsears.com)
- Babies with severe reflux sleep best on their stomach and propped up at a 30-degree angle by elevating the head of the crib. (askdrsears.com)
- Poor esophageal clearance of reflux material because of peristalsis dysfunction can cause severe reflux. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Diseases1
- There are several invasive and noninvasive techniques through which Gastroesophageal reflux diseases can be treated. (openpr.com)