Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.
A family of isomeric, colorless aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, that contain the general formula C6H4(CH3)2. They are produced by the destructive distillation of coal or by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthenic fractions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.
Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information.
The application of pathology to questions of law.
A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.
A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)
A usually four-wheeled automotive vehicle designed for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel. (Webster, 1973)
Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
A widely used industrial solvent.
Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.
A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.
Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.
The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.
AUTOMOBILES, trucks, buses, or similar engine-driven conveyances. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Nested case-control study of leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and kidney cancer in a cohort of petroleum workers exposed to gasoline. (1/232)

OBJECTIVES: This nested case-control study was based on data in a cohort study of more than 18,000 petroleum distribution workers exposed to gasoline, which contains about 2%-3% benzene. Risks of leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and kidney cancer were examined relative to exposure to gasoline. METHODS: For each case, up to five individually matched controls were selected. Analyses based on the Mantel-Haenszel procedure as well as univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were performed for each disease category. Jobs with similar exposures were grouped into homogeneous categories for analysis. Several quantitative indices of exposure to gasoline were used in the analyses: duration of exposure, cumulative exposure, frequency of peak exposure, and time of first exposure. RESULTS: No increased risks for the four cancers were found for any job category. Analyses with logistic regression models based on duration of exposure, cumulative exposure, and frequency of peak exposure did not show any increased risk or exposure-effect relation. Time of first exposure to gasoline was also found to be unrelated to the four diseases under investigation. CONCLUSION: Exposure to gasoline or benzene at the concentrations experienced by this cohort of distribution workers is not a risk factor for leukaemia (all cell types), acute myeloid leukaemia, multiple myeloma, or kidney cancer.  (+info)

Analysis of chromosome loss and non-disjunction in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes of 24 male subjects. (2/232)

Chromosome malsegregation in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 24 healthy male subjects was analysed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromeric probes of chromosomes 7, 11, 18 and X. On the basis of the distribution of centromeric signals in cytokinesis-blocked cells, both loss (leading to centromere-positive micronuclei) and non-disjunction (resulting in an unbalanced distribution of signals in the main nuclei) of the hybridized chromosomes in vitro were identified. In addition, the incidence of binucleated cells with two hyperploid nuclei, possibly arising from mitotic division of trisomic types, was determined. In this way, the incidence of chromosome malsegregation in vivo and in vitro could be compared in the same cell samples. The results obtained show that ageing is positively correlated with the incidence of malsegregation of chromosome X in peripheral lymphocytes of male subjects and confirm the higher susceptibility of chromosome X to malsegregation in comparison with autosomes. A positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo malsegregation rates was observed for both chromosome X and for autosomes. Finally, relatively high frequencies of multiple malsegregation events, greater than expected for independent events, were recorded for both chromosome X and for autosomes, indicating that the abnormal segregation of chromosomes may be connected to a general dysfunction of the mitotic apparatus. The correlation observed between in vitro and in vivo malsegregation frequencies and the association of both parameters with ageing suggest that analysis of chromosome malsegregation in binucleated cells is a useful tool in the study of genomic instability in human populations.  (+info)

Physiologically based toxicokinetic modeling of inhaled ethyl tertiary-butyl ether in humans. (3/232)

A physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model was developed for evaluation of inhalation exposure in humans to the gasoline additive, ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE). PBTK models are useful tools to relate external exposure to internal doses and biological markers of exposure in humans. To describe the kinetics of ETBE, the following compartments were used: lungs (including arterial blood), liver, fat, rapidly perfused tissues, resting muscles, and working muscles. The same set of compartments and, in addition, a urinary excretion compartment were used for the metabolite tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA). First order metabolism was assumed in the model, since linear kinetics has been shown experimentally in humans after inhalation exposure up to 50 ppm ETBE. Organ volumes and blood flows were calculated from individual body composition based on published equations, and tissue/blood partition coefficients were calculated from liquid/air partition coefficients and tissue composition. Estimates of individual metabolite parameters of 8 subjects were obtained by fitting the PBTK model to experimental data from humans (5, 25, 50 ppm ETBE, 2-h exposure; Nihlen et al., Toxicol. Sci., 1998; 46, 1-10). The PBTK model was then used to predict levels of the biomarkers ETBE and TBA in blood, urine, and exhaled air after various scenarios, such as prolonged exposure, fluctuating exposure, and exposure during physical activity. In addition, the interindividual variability in biomarker levels was predicted, in the eight experimentally exposed subjects after a working week. According to the model, raising the work load from rest to heavy exercise increases all biomarker levels by approximately 2-fold at the end of the work shift, and by 3-fold the next morning. A small accumulation of all biomarkers was seen during one week of simulated exposure. Further predictions suggested that the interindividual variability in biomarker levels would be higher the next morning than at the end of the work shift, and higher for TBA than for ETBE. Monte Carlo simulations were used to describe fluctuating exposure scenarios. These simulations suggest that ETBE levels in blood and exhaled air at the end of the working day are highly sensitive to exposure fluctuations, whereas ETBE levels the next morning and TBA in urine and blood are less sensitive. Considering these simulations, data from the previous toxicokinetic study and practical issues, we suggest that TBA in urine is a suitable biomarker for exposure to ETBE and gasoline vapor.  (+info)

Mass psychogenic illness attributed to toxic exposure at a high school. (4/232)

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Mass psychogenic illness may be difficult to differentiate from illness caused by bioterrorism, rapidly spreading infection, or toxic substances. We investigated symptoms attributed to exposure to toxic gas at a high school in Tennessee. In November 1998, a teacher noticed a 'gasoline-like' smell in her classroom, and soon thereafter she had a headache, nausea, shortness of breath, and dizziness. The school was evacuated, and 80 students and 19 staff members went to the emergency room at the local hospital; 38 persons were hospitalized overnight. Five days later, after the school had reopened, another 71 persons went to the emergency room. An extensive investigation was performed by several government agencies. RESULTS: We were unable to find a medical or environmental explanation for the reported illnesses. The persons who reported symptoms on the first day came from 36 classrooms scattered throughout the school. The most frequent symptoms (in this group and the group of people who reported symptoms five days later) were headache, dizziness, nausea, and drowsiness. Blood and urine specimens showed no evidence of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, paraquat, or mercury. There was no evidence of toxic compounds in the environment. A questionnaire administered a month later showed that the reported symptoms were significantly associated with female sex, seeing another ill person, knowing that a classmate was ill, and reporting an unusual odor at the school. CONCLUSIONS: The illness attributed to toxic exposure had features of mass psychogenic illness - notably, widespread subjective symptoms thought to be associated with environmental exposure to a toxic substance in the absence of objective evidence of an environmental cause. Alleviation of the anxiety surrounding an episode of mass psychogenic illness requires prompt recognition and a detailed investigation.  (+info)

Analysis of a petrol plume over England: 18-19 January 1997. (5/232)

OBJECTIVES: About 7000 tonnes of unleaded petrol were discharged into the English Channel after a tanker collision off Ostend on Saturday 18 January 1997. The petrol evaporated and the vapour plume was carried across the central part of England to Wales, resulting in reports of unidentified odours, and irritation of the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract. This work uses this incident to show how marine and atmospheric dispersion modelling together with routine air quality monitoring can assist in identifying hazards to the population at risk from chemical incidents. METHODS: Public health surveillance and results from environmental sampling were compared with the behaviour of the plume as predicted by computer modelling. RESULTS: The predicted plume path and dispersion were shown to correlate well with the results from surveillance and environmental analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for public health professionals to interact with medical toxicologists, atmospheric and marine scientists and engineers, and other environmental experts in managing events of this nature.  (+info)

Analysis of incidence of childhood cancer in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom in relation to proximity to main roads and petrol stations. (6/232)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there is an excess of leukaemias in 0-15 year old children among those living in close proximity (within 100 m) of a main road or petrol station. METHODS: Data for 0-15 year old children diagnosed between 1990 and 1994 in the United Kingdom West Midlands were used. Postcode addresses were used to locate the point of residence which was compared with proximity to main roads and petrol stations separately, and to both together. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with solid tumours as a control, and incidence ratios (IRs) with population density as a control. RESULTS: The method based on solid tumours as a control showed ORs of 1.61 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.90 to 2.87) and 1.99 (95% CI 0.73 to 5.43), for those living within 100 m of a main road or petrol station respectively. When population was used as a control, the estimated IRs for leukaemia were 1.16 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.72) and 1.48 (95% CI 0.65 to 2.93) for residence within 100 m of a main road or petrol station respectively, but neither reached significance at the 95% level. Results for residence in close proximity to both a main road and petrol station were inconsistent, but there were few. The influence of socioeconomic factors as represented by the Townsend deprivation index on leukaemia incidence was not significant and the results were not explicable on the basis of impact of social class. CONCLUSIONS: The results are suggestive of a small increase in risk of childhood leukaemia, but not solid tumours, for those living in close proximity to a main road or petrol station. This increase in risk is not, however, significant and a larger study is warranted to establish the true risk and causes of any increase in risk.  (+info)

Diesel exhaust particles up-regulate expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human bronchial epithelial cells. (7/232)

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may play an active role in the increased respiratory mortality and morbidity. We have shown that DEP augmented the production of inflammatory cytokines by human airway epithelial cells in vitro. ICAM-1 has been shown to play an important role in the local accumulation of inflammatory cells. We studied the effect of DEP on ICAM-1 gene expression and surface expression in human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. DEP (5-50 microg/ml) showed a stimulatory effect on ICAM-1 mRNA levels as evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an increased ICAM-1 expression on the epithelial cell surfaces. The soluble form of ICAM-1 molecules was also increased by the stimulation of DEP. In vitro neutrophil attachment onto DEP-stimulated epithelial cells was augmented, which was partially blocked by anti-ICAM-1 neutralizing antibody. Finally, these events were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with anti-oxidants pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and N-acetyl cysteine, and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580. These findings suggested that DEP induced up-regulation of ICAM-1 gene, and this process might be largely dependent on oxidant-mediated NF-kappaB activation and p38-MAPK pathways.  (+info)

A Mycobacterium strain with extended capacities for degradation of gasoline hydrocarbons. (8/232)

A bacterial strain (strain IFP 2173) was selected from a gasoline-polluted aquifer on the basis of its capacity to use 2,2, 4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) as a sole carbon and energy source. This isolate, the first isolate with this capacity to be characterized, was identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis, and 100% sequence identity with a reference strain of Mycobacterium austroafricanum was found. Mycobacterium sp. strain IFP 2173 used an unusually wide spectrum of hydrocarbons as growth substrates, including n-alkanes and multimethyl-substituted isoalkanes with chains ranging from 5 to 16 carbon atoms long, as well as substituted monoaromatic hydrocarbons. It also attacked ethers, such as methyl t-butyl ether. During growth on gasoline, it degraded 86% of the substrate. Our results indicated that strain IFP 2173 was capable of degrading 3-methyl groups, possibly by a carboxylation and deacetylation mechanism. Evidence that it attacked the quaternary carbon atom structure by an as-yet-undefined mechanism during growth on 2,2,4-trimethylpentane and 2,2-dimethylpentane was also obtained.  (+info)

Gasoline increased 0.02 USD/GAL or 1.31% to 1.58 on Friday November 16 from 1.56 in the previous trading session. Historically, Gasoline reached an all time high of 3.46 in April of 2011 and a record low of 0.90 in February of 2016. Gasoline is the largest single volume refined product sold in the United States accounting for almost half of national oil consumption. The NYMEX Division New York harbor unleaded gasoline futures contract and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygen blending (RBOB) futures contract trade in units of 42,000 gallons (1,000 barrels). They are based on delivery at petroleum products terminals in the harbor, the major East Coast trading center for imports and domestic shipments from refineries in the New York harbor area or from the Gulf Coast refining centers. The Gasoline prices displayed in Trading Economics are based on over-the-counter (OTC) and contract for difference (CFD) financial instruments. Our Gasoline prices are intended to provide you with a reference only,
Headline: Bitcoin & Blockchain Searches Exceed Trump! Blockchain Stocks Are Next!. US Gasoline market research report provides granular analysis of the market share, segmentation, revenue forecasts and geographic regions of the market. US Gasoline Market report 2016-2020 focuses on the major drivers and restraints for the key players. The US Gasoline market research report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of US Gasoline Industry.. Analysts forecast the global US Gasoline Warming Devices market to grow at a CAGR of X% during the period 2016-2020.. Browse Detailed TOC, Tables, Figures, Charts and Companies Mentioned in Global US Gasoline market research report @ http://www.marketreportsworld.com/10279620. The research report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the global US Gasoline industry for 2016-2020.. Gasoline (also known as petrol in Europe) is widely used as a fuel in automobiles. Gasoline, in essence, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon ...
For a long time, gasoline was produced by rectification (distillation) and stripping of oil fractions boiling away within certain temperature range (up to 100°C - gasoline grade I, up to 110°C - special gasoline, up to 130°C - gasoline grade II). However, a common property of those gasolines was low octane number. In general, getting straight-run gasoline with an octane rating above 65 by motor method is rare and is only possible for the oil of Azerbaijan, Central Asia, Krasnodar Territory and Sakhalin. However, even for distillates of those grades of petroleum, a sharp decrease in octane number with increasing temperature in the end of stripping, was characteristic. Thus the entire gasoline fraction (180°C) is seldom used. For the oil from Ural-Volga basin, Kazakhstan, as well as that from West Siberia oilfields, it is characterized by the predominance of normal paraffinic hydrocarbons, thus straight-run gasoline from those is exemplified by low octane numbers. This prompted ...
Gasoline demand has been extensively researched, yet there has been no attempt to estimate cross-price elasticities of different grades of gasoline. Such knowledge will allow accurate determination of the impact of a fuel pricing policy that has different rates of tax or subsidy depending on the gasoline grade. Using monthly data on the Mexican gasoline market from 1999 to 2014, regular gasoline demand is estimated with an ARDL model. Endogeneity of the price and structural break are also investigated. The cross-price elasticity between regular and premium gasoline is found to be 0.875, confirming high substitutability among gasoline with different grades.. ...
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Recent research findings show that mid-range ethanol blends - fuel mixtures most likely between E20 and E30 - can in some cases provide better fuel economy than regular unleaded gasoline, even in standard, non-flex-fuel vehicles. Previous assumptions held that ethanols lower energy content directly correlates with lower fuel economy for drivers. Those assumptions were found to be incorrect. E20 and E30 ethanol blends outperformed unleaded gasoline in fuel economy tests for certain autos. The tests were conducted using four 2007 model vehicles: a Toyota Camry, a Ford Fusion, and two Chevrolet Impalas, one flex-fuel and one non-flex-fuel. Contrary to Btu-based estimates of fuel economy for ethanol blends, three of the four vehicles tested achieved their highest fuel efficiency not on gasoline, but on an ethanol blend. Mid-level blends of ethanol E20 (20% ethanol, 80% gasoline) and E30 (30% ethanol, 70% gasoline) offered the best fuel economy in these tests. E30 offered better fuel economy than gasoline
[...] since the collapse of oil prices in late 2014, that trend has stalled and now reversed as gasoline consumption hit a record high this summer. Since climbing to a national average of just under $3.80 a gallon in the summer of 2014, average retail gasoline prices have fallen as low as $1.84 a gallon, according to the Energy Department. In the Houston area, the average retail gasoline price per gallon a week ago was $2.01 on Sunday, according to GasBuddy.com, a website that tracks gasoline prices and refining activity.
Petrol attendants are exposed to petrol volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may have genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. The single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) is a method highly sensitive to DNA damage induced by environmental and occupational exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of exposure of petrol attendants to petrol VOCs and also to determine their effect on DNA damage and repair in lymphocytes of African petrol attendants. The exposed group consisted of 20 subjects, randomly selected from three petrol stations. A control group of 20 unexposed subjects was also chosen and matched for age and smoking habits with the exposed group. Sorbent tubes were used to assess personal exposure of petrol attendants. The comet assay was used to investigate the basal DNA damage and repair capacity in isolated lymphocytes of petrol attendants and unexposed subjects. Blood samples were taken from the petrol attendants at the end ...
The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) said Algeria stopped selling leaded gasoline in July, making it the last country to end its sale and marking an official end of leaded gasoline use in cars. Wealthy countries began phasing out leaded gasoline in the 1970s and 1980s due to health and environmental concerns, but some countries continued to sell it. UNEP began a final push to ban leaded gasoline in 2002. The successful enforcement of the ban on leaded petrol is a huge milestone for global health and our environment, UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen said in a statement. Lead was first added to gas nearly 100 years ago, ostensibly to improve engine performance. Leaded gas is still used on some small airplanes, according to The Associated Press. Some information in this report comes from The Associated Press and Agence France-Presse ...
Attached garages are known to be associated with indoor air volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study looked at indoor exposure to VOCs presumably from evaporative emissions of gasoline. Alaskan gasoline contains 5% benzene making benzene a marker for gasoline exposure. A survey of randomly chosen houses with attached garages was done in Anchorage Alaska to determine the exposure and assess respiratory health. Householders were asked to complete a health survey for each person and a household survey. They monitored indoor air in their primary living space for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes for one week using passive organic vapor monitoring badges. Benzene levels in homes ranged from undetectable to 58 parts per billion. The median benzene level in 509 homes tested was 2.96 ppb. Elevated benzene levels in the home were strongly associated with small engines and gasoline stored in the garage. High concentrations of benzene in gasoline increase indoor air levels of benzene in residences
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Blends of petroleum-based gasoline with 10% ethanol, commonly referred to as E10, account for more than 95% of the fuel consumed in motor vehicles with gasoline engines. Ethanol-blended fuels are one pathway to compliance with elements of the federal renewable fuel standard (RFS). The total volume of ethanol blended into motor fuels used in the United States has continued to increase since 2010, albeit at a declining rate of growth. Meanwhile, the use of ethanol-free gasoline (E0) by fuel consumers has declined.. EIA tracks fuel components through data it collects from refiners, importers, large blending terminals, and ethanol producers. US refiners produce large volumes of blendstocks for oxygenate blending (BOB) that are referred to as RBOB or CBOB depending on whether they are formulated to be blended with ethanol to make reformulated or conventional gasoline, respectively. Another distinct gasoline blendstock known as CARBOB is used to produce California reformulated gasoline; EIA reports ...
For example, Petrobras gasoline cost 0.16 real per litre less than U.S. imported gasoline in Brazil as of Aug. 1, according to data from the consultancy.. Adriano Pires, a consultant at Brazils Center for Infrastructure (CBIE), said the change shows how Petrobras continues to change its methods toward market practices, leaving behind an era when the firm used to lose billions of dollars per year keeping gasoline prices artificially low to help the government rein in inflation.. Petrobras said it would not comment on its fuels pricing strategies.. The indebted company lost market share to imported fuel in recent months, when pricing far above the international market to boost revenues.. Gasoline imports jumped 70 percent in the first quarter, compared to the same period a year earlier, according to numbers from Brazils oil regulator ANP.. Refinery runs went down to around 75 percent of capacity, which compares to around 95 percent in 2014, also according to ANP. ...
EIA does not expect the current situation in corn markets to have a significant effect on the pump price of gasoline. Given the year-to-date ethanol supply and the availability of banked renewable identification number (RIN) credits, the current relationship between the prices of ethanol and petroleum-based gasoline components, and the relatively modest share of ethanol in the overall gasoline pool [10%], we expect gasoline prices will continue to be driven by crude oil prices and refining margins. The impact of the forecasted decline in domestic ethanol production should be primarily reflected in reduced ethanol exports. ...
* Two Senators ask EPA to look at gasoline price concerns* Ethanol credit costs have climbed on blend wall concerns* First action on contentious RIN issue by lawmakers* Lawmaker questions whether speculators behind spike (New throughout, adds comment from EPA, Republican lawmaker)By Ayesha RascoeWASHINGTON, March 20 (Reuters) - Two senior Republicansenators on Wednesday joined the oil industry in warning thatthe U.S. ethanol mandate could push up gasoline prices forconsumers ahead of the summer driving season.The ethanol mandate requires increasing volumes of biofuelsto be blended into the U.S. fuel supply each year through 2022.Refiners buy credits, or RINs, from producers of renewable fuelsto comply with the federal targets.Senators David Vitter of Louisiana and Lisa Murkowski ofAlaska, urged the Environmental Protection Agency in a letter totake decisive action to protect consumers from the rising costsof the credits, known as RINs, required by the mandate for allproducers of gasoline.Refiners
US refiners are in the process of planning and executing capital projects to comply with the new MSAT (Mobile Source Air Toxics) II regulations that become effective January 1, 2011. These new rules will restrict the annual average benzene level in the gasoline sold in U.S. except California to 0.62 vol%. California has similar restrictions on gasoline benzene content. Of the various refinery streams that are blended into gasoline 70 ? 85% of the benzene is contributed by reformate from catalytic reforming and 10-25% by FCC gasoline. Most MSAT II compliance strategies focus on reducing benzene in reformate. The benzene content in reformate can be changed by either removing compounds in the reformer feed that form benzene in the reforming reaction or by removing benzene from reformate by hydrotreating or solvent extraction. Removal of benzene from FCC gasoline is less straight forward. The relationship of feed properties and reaction process conditions to the production of various compounds in a ...
Gasoline Demand Might Decline. In fact, allowing women to drive might reduce the demand for gasoline. The existence of the foreign driver often meant a large car, Suburban, in many cases. Now women might prefer to drive smaller cars, leading to lower consumption of gasoline.. While parking will be a nightmare after allowing women to drive, those foreign drivers will not be roaming the streets waiting for women to finish their job or shopping. Drivers will not park on the side of the road while the car is running (they keep them running because they need the AC). This will also reduce the demand for gasoline.. Carpooling is common in Saudi Arabia among those who work together out of town. Allowing women to drive does not mean that everywoman will own her car or use her car to go to work. This will also prevent an increase in gasoline demand. In fact, given the conservative nature of the Saudi society, carpooling activities among women might increase when a women is driving.. Many women depends on ...
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Opti-Lube Gas Enhance Fuel Additive is the multi-function gasoline additive that your vehicle craves.. Fight pre-mature fuel system wear while lubricating essential components. Opti-Lubes Gas Enhance provides essential lubrication to key areas including upper cylinders - coating components to prevent corrosion while maximizing engine compression and horsepower.. Gas Enhance is formulated with concentrated cleaners that remove performance-limiting deposits from injectors, intake valves and combustion chambers. It not only removes already existing deposits (clean-up effect) but prevents the formation of new deposits (keep-clean effect) as well.. Performance benefits have been proven in a wide range of engine and on-road tests.. Benefits include:. ...
Utah has traditionally focused on reducing emissions from gasoline engines as a key strategy to improve the states air quality. However, diesel vehicles are believed to account for nearly half of the on-road mobile source nitrogen oxides (NOx), fine particulate exhaust (PM2.5) and NH3 emissions in Utah non-attainment areas. National and international studies are revealing that diesel and gasoline vehicles may be contributing more ammonia emissions than previously accepted. As an example, Sun et al. (2016) estimated vehicular NH3 emissions in the US are likely more than twice those given in the US National Emissions Inventory. Very little information, however, exists on the true emissions from diesel and gasoline vehicles under Utah-specific conditions. Evaluating emissions, including ammonia emissions, from vehicles under Utah-specific conditions and examining how ammonia emissions are distributed in Utah valleys will help in understanding the true emissions impact from diesel and gasoline ...
Both the human and animal data indicate that exposure to high levels of gasoline can produce acute central nervous system depression. There is also evidence from the clinical literature that repeated exposure to gasoline at very high levels, under abuse conditions, can produce more profound central nervous system effects. Less clear is the degree to which these effects may have been due to the lead additives as opposed to the hydrocarbon constituents. There is little evidence of chronic neurological effects in humans exposed repeatedly at lower, occupational levels. The animal data provide little experimental support for chronic neurological effects from either unleaded gasoline or naphtha blending stocks. Initial studies with wholly vaporized unleaded gasoline provided evidence of exacerbation of normal, age-related changes. However, subsequent studies with gasoline vapor and naphtha blending stocks had no clear or reproducible effects on motor activity, produced no functional changes, and did ...
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Notes: Domestic crude oil production includes lease condensate and is estimated using a combination of short-term forecasts for the lower 48 states and the latest available production estimates from Alaska. Beginning with data for the week ending June 1, 2018, weekly crude oil production estimates are rounded to the nearest 100,000 b/d at the U.S. and lower 48 state levels. Finished motor gasoline production and product supplied includes a weekly adjustment applied only to the U.S. total to correct for the imbalance created by blending of fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components. From 1993 to June 4, 2010, this adjustment was estimated from the latest monthly data and allocated to formulation and PAD District production data. Reformulated and conventional gasoline production excludes adjustments for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components. Historical data prior to June 4, 2010 includes the adjustment allocated by PAD District formulation. Propane/propylene includes ...
Notes: Domestic crude oil production includes lease condensate and is estimated using a combination of short-term forecasts for the lower 48 states and the latest available production estimates from Alaska. Beginning with data for the week ending June 1, 2018, weekly crude oil production estimates are rounded to the nearest 100,000 b/d at the U.S. and lower 48 state levels. Finished motor gasoline production and product supplied includes a weekly adjustment applied only to the U.S. total to correct for the imbalance created by blending of fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components. From 1993 to June 4, 2010, this adjustment was estimated from the latest monthly data and allocated to formulation and PAD District production data. Reformulated and conventional gasoline production excludes adjustments for fuel ethanol and motor gasoline blending components. Historical data prior to June 4, 2010 includes the adjustment allocated by PAD District formulation. Propane/propylene includes ...
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Early in 1944, William Boyd, president of the American Petroleum Institute and chairman of the Petroleum Industry War Council said: The Allies may have floated to victory on a wave of oil in World War I, but in this infinitely greater World War II, we are flying to victory on the wings of petroleum. In December, 1941 the United States had 385,000 oil wells producing 1.4 billion barrels of oil a year and 100-octane aviation gasoline capacity was at 40,000 barrels a day. By 1944 the U.S. was producing over 1.5 billion barrels a year (67 percent of world production) and the petroleum industry had built 122 new plants for the production of 100-octane aviation gasoline and capacity was over 400,000 barrels a day - an increase of more than ten-fold. It was estimated that the U.S. was producing enough 100-octane aviation gasoline to permit the dropping of 20,000 tons of bombs on the enemy every day of the year. The record of gasoline consumption by the Army prior to June, 1943 was uncoordinated as ...
Early in 1944, William Boyd, president of the American Petroleum Institute and chairman of the Petroleum Industry War Council said: The Allies may have floated to victory on a wave of oil in World War I, but in this infinitely greater World War II, we are flying to victory on the wings of petroleum. In December, 1941 the United States had 385,000 oil wells producing 1.4 billion barrels of oil a year and 100-octane aviation gasoline capacity was at 40,000 barrels a day. By 1944 the U.S. was producing over 1.5 billion barrels a year (67 percent of world production) and the petroleum industry had built 122 new plants for the production of 100-octane aviation gasoline and capacity was over 400,000 barrels a day - an increase of more than ten-fold. It was estimated that the U.S. was producing enough 100-octane aviation gasoline to permit the dropping of 20,000 tons of bombs on the enemy every day of the year. The record of gasoline consumption by the Army prior to June, 1943 was uncoordinated as ...
Gasoline Exhaust is Linked to Serious Health Problems. Washington, DC, June 3, 2014: Gasoline exhaust is a much greater source of toxic emissions than previously reported, and lethal, ultra-fine particulates are not being adequately regulated and controlled. according to a new White Paper released here today.. The paper was written by David E. Hallberg, the founder and first president of the Renewable Fuels Association. Hallberg writes that the petroleum industry is refining gasoline with high levels of toxic aromatics that combust into benzene and other carcinogenic pollutants. This gasoline that is reaching consumers represents a serious health threat but cost effective alternatives are available.. The paper provides references and sources a range of studies that Mr. Hallberg believes establish science-based evidence of adverse health effects ranging from asthma to autism. He also criticizes US Environmental Protection Agency( EPA) modeling that under-reports the threat and shows that real ...
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These kinds of injuries are avoidable and the painful consequences often last a lifetime, says Karla Klas, B.S.N., R.N., C.C.R.P., injury prevention education specialist at the University of Michigan Trauma Burn Center.. Most of this years cases involved adults putting gasoline and other accelerants on bonfires and brush fires, says Klas, who also sits on the American Burn Associations Burn Prevention Committee. Several additional cases involved kids playing around with gasoline and lighters.. Gasoline fires kill about 500 people and are responsible for more than 10,000 emergency room visits each year, according to the American Burn Association. A gallon of gas is equivalent to 20 sticks of dynamite, the National Fire Protection Association notes.. Because we safely use gasoline every day in our cars and lawn mowers, people dont always realize how dangerous it can be when its improperly used, Klas says. People underestimate how flammable and explosive it can be.. Here are some safety ...
CD-1 mice were exposed to baseline gasoline vapor condensate (BGVC) alone or to vapors of gasoline blended with methyl tertiary butyl ether (G/MTBE). Inhalation exposures were 6h/d on GD 5-17 at levels of 0, 2000, 10,000, and 20,000mg/m3. Dams were evaluated for evidence of maternal toxicity, and fetuses were weighed, sexed, and evaluated for external, visceral, and skeletal
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE); Advance Notice of Intent to InitiateRulemaking Under the Toxic Substances Control Act to Eliminate or Limit the Use ofMTBE as a Fuel Additive in Gasoline
According to a work sponsored by the Ford Motor Company, the lubricity of a reformulated gasoline containing oxygenates (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether -MTBE-) and a high aromatic content was not unusual or markedly different from commercially available non-oxygenated gasoline fuels [12]. However, Eleftherakis et al. [11] reported that both aromatics and MTBE enhanced gasoline lubricity. Wei et al. [5] modified a conventional high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) by deepening the fuel holder and covering the lubricant test chamber with a close-fitting lid in order to measure the wear performance of gasoline and diesel fuels. They found that commercial gasoline containing detergent additives had a wide range of variation in lubricity (from poorer to slightly better than Class 1 Sweden low sulfur diesel fuel -680 µm-). They concluded that detergent additives did not significantly affect fuel lubricity and that commercial lubricity additives for diesel fuels were also effective for gasoline. ...
Methanol is today a wellknown product used among others in industriel products. In China it is much cheaper and easier to produce and as a result methanol covers 10 percent of the whole fuel consumption. And the rest of the world is slowly discovering the advantage as well. The first methanol filling station was opened today in Denmark.. Until now not many cars in Denmark are suitable for methanol, but as the CEO of the filling station chain OK mentions that it is more the idea behind it that they want to demonstrate, they are not hoping for a long queue of new customers.. Methanol and the technology behind. Metanol is liquid as petrol and it is possible to produce it on a eco-friendly basis of bio mass and waste. The OK CEO believes it has more advantages as e.g. alternative fuel like gas and hydrogen.. The commercial director of Serenergy continues: A battery-driven electrical car with a reduced battery-size where the methanol fuel cell is put in can drive 800 km. It is possible to use the ...
Warner Oil Company is doing our best at making an impact on our nations dependence on foreign oil; We are pleased to offer RENEWABLE DIESEL FUEL ADDITIVE. Renewable Diesel Fuel Additive (R100) is approved by the EPA as a fuel additive that meets the ASTM D975-10 specification for No. 2 Diesel fuel. It is a fuel additive made from oil seed (soybeans and others) that is 100% compatible with any diesel fuel and home heating oil. In fact, the blended fuel tests to the same specifications as diesel fuel in terms of BTU content. Our lab tests have shown that this product, when blended at 20% by volume, is capable of the same fuel characteristics as ULSD. This blend known as R20 will provide superior lubricity while maintaining cold flow properties as low as 20 below zero. In addition reducing usage of foreign oil, renewable diesel fuel will save the user money at the pump. For more information on renewable diesel fuel and how it can save money in your fleet contact us today or visit our Alternative ...
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The third shoe is gasoline prices. They are rising and will continue to rise. Some of us are paying more than $2.00 a gallon for regular. I predict that gas will cost more than $3.00 a gallon in New York City and Chicago before the summer is over. Why is this happening? Because environmentalists have convinced the EPA to require many different formulations of gasoline for different cities, regions and states. This prevents oil refineries from taking advantage of economies of scale. That costs us money. It also prevents refineries from making one product that they can send anywhere in the U.S. So when a regional refinery breaks down or has to be shut down for maintenance, the locals cant use gasoline from some other place. The net-net of that is higher prices.. There is another problem. The environmentalists feel that wild animals are more important than humans. They have blocked our ability to extract the energy we need from U.S. sources. That does two bad things. First, it artificially ...
By Jeff Cooper on The E-XCHANGE For millions of Americans, Memorial Day weekend marks the unofficial start to summer. Despite gas prices that are nearly 40% higher than a year ago, families across the nation will celebrate the upcoming holiday weekend by taking a road trip. According to the AAA auto club, an estimated 31 million Americans will take to the highways this weekend. According to AAAs survey of traveler intentions, the average distance traveled by Americans during the Memorial Day holiday weekend is expected to be 792 miles. So, what does Memorial Day have to do with ethanol? As families hit the road this weekend, the increasing availability of ethanol will ensure they spend considerably less on gasoline than would otherwise be the case. In fact, this short analysis concludes the average American family traveling this Memorial Day will save more than $31 simply due to the fact that ethanol is holding gasoline prices down. Aggregate gasoline savings due to ethanol this weekend will be $440
The gasoline odor inside my van was so strong it gave me an instant headache. I thought for sure I was going to be paying close to $200 to have my van detailed to get the smell out. Unfortunately, they didnt guarantee that theyd be able to get the smell out of my van, the result of a nearly empty gas container tipping over on my way to the gas station in preparation to mow my lawn. Luckily the internet came to the rescue and gave me some tips that helped me save the cost of vehicle detail service that may not have worked anyway, and get the smell of gasoline out of my van.. First, lets talk about the things I tried that did NOT work as I tried to get the smell of gasoline out of my van:. ...
The existing tax policies toward gasoline and diesel cars in European countries provide a unique opportunity to analyze quality-based price discrimination and the implied tax incidence. In my econometric framework, consumers choose the type of engine based on their annual mileage; prices are set by the manufacturers. The relative pricing of gasoline and diesel cars appears to be consistent with monopolistic price discrimination, effectively segmenting low-mileage from high-mileage consumers. On average, about 75% to 90% of the price differentials between gasoline and diesel cars can be explained by markup differences. I draw implications for the effectiveness and the revenue effects of tax policy.
But the situation may not be that simple, as illustrated in the map above. The schools have a much closer neighbor - a gasoline station thats right across the street, 250′ north of the elementary school, that has been there since at least 1993. When I worked for the Environmental Protection Agency in the 1990s, the problem of fuel oozing out of leaking underground storage tanks (yes, we called them LUSTs) at homes, gas stations, on farms, and other sites around the country was just beginning to get nationwide attention and prompted a suite of new rules from the EPA. Gas stations around the country were required to replace their old tanks. Many sites had plumes of gasoline floating on the local water table, sometimes migrating off the gas station property and into surrounding neighborhoods, sending fumes into basements and chemicals into water-supply wells. Gasoline contains benzene. Could kids at these schools be exposed to old gasoline contamination from this nearby filling station? Or to ...
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Fuel additives such as isooctane have so far been produced from mineral oil. Commissioned by the French-German company Global Bioenergies, the Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes CBP in Leuna will soon be producing biobased additives for gasoline. The source is bio-isobutene, which is obtained biotechnically from sugar.
Alcohol (ethanol/methanol) in gasoline causes a number of problems in older outboards. Its not an octane or lead issue, as these motors were designed to run on 80-octane fuel, and lead isnt required in two-cycle engines. Crankcase sealing is important in any two-cycle engine, and one of the first areas alcohol causes problems is with the crankcase seals, which were never designed for it, and fuel-pump diaphragms. Methanol will also react with any brass components and lead to corrosion issues. Also, alcohols have a lower energy density than gasoline, so fuel economy and power output suffer when compared to pure gasoline ...
upward before spiking another $0.57 between May 29 and June 3, sending regional retail prices to recent or all-time highs. Conventional gasoline spot price differentials between Chicago and New York Harbor approached $1 per gallon at their peak on June 3. The Chicago spot price has since come down, falling $1.10 during the rest of June as refineries returned to full production, with declines in retail prices following.. Beginning in mid-April, refinery maintenance caused gasoline inventories in the Midwest to fall sharply - by more than 6 million barrels, moving stocks from the top to the bottom of the five-year range - before recovering in May and June as major refineries restarted from maintenance, long-term upgrades were completed, and product from the Rocky Mountain region entered the market. With production returning to normal levels, prices in the Midwest have come down significantly, with retail prices dipping below the national average on June 24 for the first time in more than two ...
Many studies have been carried out, using several animal species, to evaluate the potential carcinogenicity of exposure to whole exhaust and to components of exhaust from diesel- and gasoline-fuelled internal combustion engines. The studies are considered within six subgroupings: (i) whole diesel engine exhaust; (ii) gas-phase diesel engine exhaust (with particles removed); (iii) diesel engine exhaust particles or extracts of diesel engine exhaust particles; (iv) whole gasoline engine exhaust; (v) condensates/extracts of gasoline engine exhaust; and (vi) engine exhausts in combination with known carcinogens. Whole diesel engine exhaust Mice, rats, Syrian hamsters and monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were exposed by inhalation to a range of concentrations of whole diesel engine exhaust, with observations in some studies extending to the lifespan of the animals. Five studies conducted using two different strains of rats showed an increased incidence of benign and malignant lung tumours that was ...
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Responding to MC/306/DOT 406 Cargo Tank Trucks Transporting Gasoline/Ethanol Blends and Fuel Oils. 128411273XA Comprehensive Reference Manual for Emergency Response Personnel Who Respond to Gasoline Tank Truck Emergencies. Gasoline Tank Truck Emergencies: Responding to MC/306/DOT 406 Cargo Tank Trucks Transporting Gasoline/Ethanol Blends and Fuel Oils, Fourth Edition is designed to provide public safety and industry emergency response personnel with the background information, general procedures, and response guidelines to be followed when operating at an incident involving MC/306/DOT 406 cargo tank trucks. This information will assist the user in meeting the knowledge requirements outlined in NFPA 472, Chapter 13 - Competencies for Hazardous Materials Technicians with a Cargo Tank Truck Specialty.. The Fourth Edition contains comprehensive content covering:. ...
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Glycerol is a major by-product in the biodiesel production process. Every 100 kg of biodiesel produced generates approximately 10 kg of crude glycerol. As the biodiesel industry has expanded rapidly in recent years, finding new uses of the excess crude glycerol is important. Many studies have examined alternative uses of crude glycerol. One of them is the use of glycerol derivatives, such as glycerol tert-butyl ethers as fuel additives. In this paper, the etherification kinetics of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol to glycerol tert-butyl ethers was studied using an Amberlyst catalyst. The influences of the catalyst type and loading, reaction time, molar ratio, and temperature were investigated in detail.
Ford owners face Fuel System, Gasoline Fuel Injection System Fuel Rail problems. Do not ignore abnormal Fuel System, Gasoline Fuel Injection System Fuel Rail issues. What causes Fuel System, Gasoline Fuel Injection System Fuel Rail failures and issues? Consumer Took Car To Ford Dealer Regarding Recalls. Dealer Repaired 2 Recalls But
If the gasoline spontaneously ignites and detonates (i.e., explodes) before it is ignited by the spark plug, it causes an abnormal phenomenon known as knocking, pinging or spark knock. The knocking is quite audible and prolonged knocking will damage an engine. As briefly mentioned above, the most important performance characteristic of a gasoline is its octane rating, which is a measure of how resistant the gasoline is to knocking. In fact, the octane rating is sometimes referred to as the Anti-knock Index. The octane rating is based upon an arbitrary scale indexed relative to a liquid mixture of iso-octane (C8H18), which is 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and n-heptane (C7H16). Iso-octane (see adjacent image), with a branched structure and a high resistance to knocking, has arbitrarily been assigned an octane rating of 100. N-heptane (see adjacent image), with a straight-chain structure and poor resistance to knocking has arbitrarily been assigned an octane rating of 0. The octane rating of a specific ...
D3606-17 Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas Chromatography benzene content~ toluene content~ motor gasoline~
Persuaded by the opposition of the SEMA Action Network (SAN), Nebraska legislation (L.B. 698) to remove labeling requirements on pumps dispensing ethanol-blended gasoline was indefinitely postponed in 2011. However, the legislature retained the option of reviving the bill in 2012. With the adjournment of the legislature for the year, the bill is now formally dead and would have to be reintroduced in 2013 in order to be reconsidered. Current law in Nebraska requires labeling when gasoline contains 1% or more alcohol, including labels for pumps dispensing E10. The bill would have made it impossible for enthusiasts to know whether the gasoline they put into their vehicles contained any ethanol, making unintentional misfueling and engine damage more likely. SAN maintains that you have a right to know what blend of ethanol you are putting in your older collector cars.. Thank you and congratulations to all who participated in opposing this bill!. Back to Breaking News: 2012 Archives. ...
New Hampshire Bill to Prohibit Ethanol Blended Gasoline at Levels Greater Than 10% Approved by House; Moves to Senate. Legislation (H.B. 1220) to prohibit a person from selling or offering for sale gasoline that contains more than 10% ethanol was approved by the New Hampshire House of Representatives. The bill now goes to the Senate Transportation Committee. Under a House committee amendment, the bill would take effect only if any two additional New England states adopt similar legislation limiting the amount of corn based ethanol in gasoline to 10 percent. We Urge You to Contact Members of the New Hampshire Senate Transportation Committee (List Below) Immediately to Request Support for H.B. 1220. ...
A Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) convened in Lyon, France, June 5-12 to scrutinise the available knowledge base on the carcinogenicity of diesel engine exhaust, gasoline engine exhaust and some nitroarenes.1 Diesel and gasoline engine exhaust and nitroarenes were previously evaluated by IARC in 1989.2 For gasoline engine exhaust the classification remained Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) as well as for seven of the nitroarenes. The newly evaluated nitroarene 3-nitrobenzanthrone was also added to this group. 6-Nitrochrysene and 1-nitropyrene were classified as 2A Probably carcinogenic to humans. 6-Nitrochrysene and 1-nitropyrene are important exposure markers for diesel exhaust since metabolites of these substances have been found in workers exposed to diesel exhaust.3-5 The most prominent outcome of the IARC evaluation meeting was the upgrade of the classification of diesel exhaust, now in Group 1 Carcinogenic to humans with sufficient ...
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Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured in July 2010 from on-road motor vehicles driving through a highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of PM emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution. Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured during various time periods that had different levels of diesel influence, as well as directly in the exhaust plumes of individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. BC emission factor distributions for HD trucks were more skewed than OA distributions (N = 293), with the highest 10% of trucks accounting for 56 and 42% of total measured BC and OA emissions, respectively. OA mass spectra measured for HD truck exhaust plumes show cycloalkanes are predominate in exhaust OA emissions relative to saturated alkanes (i.e., normal and iso-paraffins), suggesting that lubricating oil rather than fuel is the dominant ...
In this article, investigators report on the presence and nature of chemical sensitivities and other indices of illness in a cohort of workers excavating a new subway tunnel located under a former gasoline station. The workers were exposed to gasoline fumes for up to approximately 2 mo when they inadvertently dug into soil contaminated by...
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Combo shipping paper for transporting Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel Fuel, Fuel Oil, Ethanol and Gasoline Mixtures (UN3475) and/or Alcohols, n.o.s. (UN1987) in a cargo tank motor vehicle.
This report studies the fuel additives market which used in heavy fuel oil to control high temperature corrosion and ash fouling of gas turbine hot section components.
Intermediate for Motor Fuel Additives, Biomedical Activity, Agrichemicals, Olefin Polymerization, Flame Retardants, Metal Scavenging ...
Example ANOV-1: one-way analysis of variance This experiment studied the effect of different additives on the octane level of gasoline. There were 5 additives and 4 observations on each (P.W.M. John, Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments, page 46). Define number of units in the experiment (5 types x 4 observations). UNITS [NVALUES=20] Define a factor to indicate the type of gasoline for each observation. FACTOR [LABELS=!T(A,B,C,D,E)] Gasoline Define variate to store the octane level recorded at each observation. VARIATE Octane Read the data, representing Gasoline by its labels. READ Gasoline,Octane; FREPRESENTATION=labels A 91.7 A 91.2 A 90.9 A 90.6 B 91.7 B 91.9 B 90.9 B 90.9 C 92.4 C 91.2 C 91.6 C 91.0 D 91.8 D 92.2 D 92.0 D 91.4 E 93.1 E 92.9 E 92.4 E 92.4 : Define the treatments to be fitted in the analysis. TREATMENTS Gasoline Analyse the variate Octane, printing just the AOV table. ANOVA [PRINT=aov] Octane Further output can be displayed without repeating the ...
The vapour pressure of biobutanol and bioethanol is very low compared to gasoline. A disadvantage of the bioethanol use is a formation of volatile azeotropic mixtures of ethanol and hydrocarbons present in the gasoline which causes the increase in the vapour pressure of gasoline in the range of 6 - 8 kPa (Muzikova et al., 2009). The formation of azeotropes occurs in the concentration up to 10% v/ v of biobutanol in gasoline but the highest increase in the vapour pressure is as low as 0.5 kPa at 5% v/ v of biobutanol in gasoline. At higher biobutanol concentrations, another volatile and/or oxygen compound has to be added to compensate vapour pressure decrease and to keep good engine startability. The formation of azeotropes is also associated with decrease of the boiling points of the blends. While the addition of bioethanol influences negatively the distillation curve profile, biobutanol has minor effect on the distillation curve.. Because of the use of different gasolines in several European ...
D3831 - 12(2017) Standard Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy , AAS, atomic absorption spectroscopy, gasoline, manganese, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, MMT,,
As Hurricane Sandy bears down on the East Coast, a lot of prognosticators are offering up predictions for what it means for gasoline prices in that market. I thought it might be of interest to note the differences in Hurricane Sandy and Hurricane Katrina concerning the oil and gas markets.. Hurricane Sandy has already reduced refining capacity in the Northeast, and the possibility exists of extended outages if any of these refineries take significant damage from the hurricane. Gasoline and heating oil inventories in the area were already very low, and this increases the chances of sharp gasoline spikes across the area. However, these spikes are expected to be short-lived and localized, as the area also receives gasoline from Europe and from the Colonial Pipeline, which brings supplies to the East Coast from the Gulf Coast. As long as refinery outages are not prolonged, the gasoline markets should return to normally fairly quickly. However, people would be wise to make sure their cars are topped ...
Heading into the Thanksgiving holiday weekend, US retail regular grade gasoline averaged US$2.16/gal., up just US$0.06/gal. from the same time last year.
One of my first memories of watching TV during the early 1950s was ads promoting leaded gasoline for reducing engine knock. Little did I suspect the strange history of that gas. By the beginning of World War I, it became clear that the internal combustion automobile was edging out its rival steam cars and electric cars. Shortly afterwards, Thomas Midgley began researching how to remove the knocking ping sound from gasoline-powered cars.. Midgley devoted no fewer than six years of his life searching for a fuel additive that would have a no-knock effect. He found that corn alcohol would be too expensive. Benzene would also be effective, but it would be impossible to manufacture enough. Both oxygen and chlorine increased knock. Aniline, selenium oxychloride and tellerium worked, but produced an awful smell. Examining one element after another in a periodic table of the time, he finally found a gasoline additive: tetraethyl lead. Since poisonous effects of lead were well known, the product was ...
I was playing with the computer and found gasoline in Hattiesburg Ms at 2.54 per gallon . I was trying to rationalize this price as there are 3 stations at this price. We will need to wait and see if they have to close their door because of bankruptcy. It would not surprise me if the filling stations start giving money away because they have so much cash---joke.
Saab Automobile recently released the BioPower engines, advertised to use increased turbocharger boost and spark advance on ethanol fuel to enhance performance. Specifications for the 2.0 liter turbocharged engine in the Saab 9-5 Biopower 2.0t report 150 hp (112 kW) on gasoline and a 20% increase to 180 hp (134 kW) on E85 (nominally 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline). While FFVs sold in the U.S. must be emissions certified on Federal Certification Gasoline as well as on E85, the European regulations only require certification on gasoline. Owing to renewed and growing interest in increased ethanol utilization in the U.S., a European-specification 2007 Saab 9-5 Biopower 2.0t was acquired by the Department of Energy and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for benchmark evaluations. Results show that the vehicles gasoline equivalent fuel economy on the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET) are on par with similar U.S.-legal flex-fuel vehicles ...
Saab Automobile recently released the BioPower engines, advertised to use increased turbocharger boost and spark advance on ethanol fuel to enhance performance. Specifications for the 2.0 liter turbocharged engine in the Saab 9-5 Biopower 2.0t report 150 hp (112 kW) on gasoline and a 20% increase to 180 hp (134 kW) on E85 (nominally 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline). While FFVs sold in the U.S. must be emissions certified on Federal Certification Gasoline as well as on E85, the European regulations only require certification on gasoline. Owing to renewed and growing interest in increased ethanol utilization in the U.S., a European-specification 2007 Saab 9-5 Biopower 2.0t was acquired by the Department of Energy and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for benchmark evaluations. Results show that the vehicles gasoline equivalent fuel economy on the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET) are on par with similar U.S.-legal flex-fuel vehicles ...
A Diesel engine has an extremely high compression ratio (around 16:1, if I recall correctly). A currently typical gasoline engine is probably about 8:1. (My Roadrunner is 12.5:1, but thats a full-race motor and has to burn aviation fuel.) A gas engine uses spark plugs to ignite the air/fuel mixture, but in a Diesel its the heat of compression that sets off the burn. Because of that ignition system, and a few other factors, a Diesel is most efficient at very low rpms. That compression factor gives a tremendous down-force to the pistons when it goes boom. The only time that I drove a semi, I was instructed to shift at 2,800 rpm. A gas engine typically shifts at around 5,000 - 7,000 rpm depending upon various factors (thats going by auto transmissions, which I hate). Some rice-rockets go to about 10,000 rpm, but those are just nuts. Anyhow, because of the compression factor, and often piston diameter, a gas engine has to turn a lot faster, and be geared down a lot, in order to produce the ...
The oil refining process starts with a fractional distillation column. The problem with crude oil is that it contains hundreds of different types of hydrocarbons all mixed together. You have to separate the different types of hydrocarbons to have anything useful. Fortunately there is an easy way to separate things, Oil pumped out of the ground can be put in the pipeline the same week. Oil deliveries come into a refinery every day. We tried not to process crude as it was being delivered since theres usually some water in the crude and its best to wait a day and dewater the tank first. How crude oil is refined into petroleum products. Petroleum refineries change crude oil into petroleum products for use as fuels for transportation, heating, paving roads, and generating electricity and as feedstocks for making chemicals.. Refining breaks crude oil down into its various components, which are then selectively reconfigured into new products. Gasoline is one pruduk derived from crude oil. After ...
Environmental benzene levels were measured in 26 petrol stations using both active and passive stationary and personal samplers. Simultaneously, benzene levels were measured in the petrol station operators on blood samples collected at the end of the work shift and the following morning before starting work. The petrol stations belonged to various different oil companies and were studied both during the winter (9 stations) and in the summer (17 stations). The environmental levels measured with active samplers in the 26 stations were on average 256 ng/l, were significantly lower (98 ng/l) in winter and higher (326 ng/l) in summer. The blood levels of benzene in 77 workers at the end of the work shift were on average 548 ng/l, were significantly lower (306 ng/l) in winter and higher (651 ng/l) in summer. The following morning, blood levels of benzene were lower than those found at the end of the work shift, on average 249 ng/l in winter and 427 ng/l in summer. Smokers had higher benzene levels ...
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If fuels that are more resistant to auto-ignition are injected near TDC in compression ignition engines, they ignite much later than diesel fuel and combustion occurs when the fuel and air have had more chance to mix. This helps to reduce NOX and smoke emissions at much lower injection pressures compared to a diesel fuel. However, PPCI (Partially Premixed Compression Ignition) operation also leads to higher CO and HC at low loads and higher heat release rates at high loads. These problems can be significantly alleviated by managing the mixing through injector design (e.g. nozzle size and centreline spray angle) and changing CR (Compression Ratio). This work describes results of running a single-cylinder diesel engine on fuel blends by using three different nozzle design (nozzle size: 0.13 mm and 0.17 mm, centreline spray angle: 153° and 120°) and two different CRs (15.9:1 and 18:1). The engine could be run on such blends with extremely low smoke and low NOX at speeds and loads of up to 4000 ...
The distribution of PM(2.5) and manganese (Mn) personal exposures was determined over a 4-month period in Indianapolis, IN, at a time when the gasoline additive, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), was not being used. The data collection period coincided with the data collection period in the Toronto, ON, study, where MMT had been used as a gasoline additive for over 20 years. The inferential or target population consisted of noninstitutionalized residents of the Indianapolis area during the monitoring period (from May 1996 through August 1996) who were at least 16 years old. The survey instruments used in this study (and also in Toronto) included a household screener form (HSF), a study questionnaire (SQ), and a time and activity questionnaire (TAQ). The SQ was administered to elicit information about the participant and his/her activities, occupation, and surroundings that might be relevant to his/her exposure to particles and Mn. In addition to the personal particulate matter ...
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Current public focus on reduction of the use of fossil fuels and replacement of these fuels with cleaner-burning renewable fuels has played a key role in the growth of the fuel ethanol industry. Large demand for blending ethanol into gasoline began with its use as an oxygenated gasoline additive. Currently the US EPA has set the denatured ethanol-to-gasoline blend rate at 10 percent, but discussions are being held to increase this level to 15 percent or higher. Automotive companies are also producing flex-fuel vehicles; able to operate on ethanol-to-gasoline blends of up to 85 percent denatured ethanol, called E85.. With all this increased attention to fuel ethanol, producers and blenders have increased awareness of mandated fuel ethanol specifications, outlined in ASTM D4806 - Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.. Ethanol producers are required by law to render the fuel ethanol unfit for human consumption by adding ...
In the recent years, environmental concerns and depletion in petroleum resources have forced researchers to concentrate on finding renewable alternatives to conventional petroleum fuels. Therefore, alcohols as renewable and alternative energy sources for the diesel engines gain importance. For this reason, in this study, the performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally investigated under different injection timings when methanol-blended diesel fuel was used from 0 to 15%, with an increment of 5%. The tests were conducted at three different injection timings (15 degrees, 20 degrees, and 25 degrees CA BTDC) by changing the thickness of advance shim. All tests were conducted at four different loads (5, 10, 15, and 20 Nm) at constant engine speed of 2200 rpm. The experimental test results showed that BSFC, BSEC, combustion efficiency, and NOx and CO2 emissions increased as BTE, rate of heat release, peak cylinder pressure, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust and alterations in lymphocyte subsets. AU - Lan, Qing. AU - Vermeulen, Roel. AU - Dai, Yufei. AU - Ren, Dianzhi. AU - Hu, Wei. AU - Duan, Huawei. AU - Niu, Yong. AU - Xu, Jun. AU - Fu, Wei. AU - Meliefste, Kees. AU - Zhou, Baosen. AU - Yang, Jufang. AU - Ye, Meng. AU - Jia, Xiaowei. AU - Meng, Tao. AU - Bin, Ping. AU - Kim, Christopher. AU - Bassig, Bryan A.. AU - Hosgood, H. Dean. AU - Silverman, Debra. AU - Zheng, Yuxin. AU - Rothman, Nathaniel. PY - 2015/5/1. Y1 - 2015/5/1. N2 - Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently classified diesel engine exhaust (DEE) as a Group I carcinogen based largely on its association with lung cancer. However, the exposure-response relationship is still a subject of debate and the underlying mechanism by which DEE causes lung cancer in humans is not well understood. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study in a diesel engine truck testing ...
Bio fuels like ethanol and bio diesel produced from renewable sources are being promoted world over to provide freedom from dependence on imported oil and to reduce pollution. Blends of ethanol in gasoline have been used for several decades. Bio diesel has been recognized as an alternative which not only has some of the properties superior to petroleum diesel but also reduces emissions of carbon monoxide and particulates. India has started blending of 5% ethanol in motor gasoline and efforts are being made to increase this blending upto 10%. Further work is also being conducted to use ethanol as a blending component for diesel fuel which has high demand in India. It has also been recognized that in a country like India, we may produce bio diesel from non-edible sources like jatropha and pongamia pinnata so as to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. IOC R&D has conducted elaborate studies to assess the impact of blending of ethanol in gasoline and diesel on vehicle performance and emissions ...
This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of using a continuously variable length intake runner (intake manifold) on Turbocharged multi-cylinder diesel engines. While there is a large amount of data available for naturally aspirated engines, no reliable source was found for the effect of varying the length of intake runner for Turbocharged engines. This study was done for relatively low-speed off-highway diesel engines.The study is based on the results of one-dimensional engine models simulated in AVL BOOSTTM engine simulation software. A simplified engine model has been used for the single cylinder naturally aspirated engine, to demonstrate the effects of varying intake runner effective length. The multi cylinder study is based on validated model of a 12 cylinder 1000hp turbocharged diesel engine. It has been found that multi-cylinder turbocharged diesel engines are more responsive to intake runner length variations than naturally aspirated engines ...
As for the refining process: When you refine a barrel of crude oil, you get some gasoline, some diesel, and some other stuff, including such nasties as chlorinated wastewater and the gaseous chemical byproducts of combustion. Its all the same process, so you cant avoid the manufacture of diesel by buying only gasoline. The toxics created by oil refineries are bad for the environment at large and disproportionately affect the people - mainly poor people - who live nearby. Good ol Environmental Defense gives a pithy description of the environmental impact of refineries and suggestions for actions to get them cleaned up.. Although refinery pollution is bad, pollution from vehicles is considered a more pressing environmental issue, as most of us are closer to the tailpipe than to the smokestack. As we toodle along the road, our tailpipe exhales carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and sulfur dioxide. Such chemicals bring us ozone, particulate matter, acid rain, nitrification of water ...
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Gasoline engines are increasingly popular for use in small unmanned aircraft requiring endurance due to the specific energy of gasoline (47.3 MJ·kg-1) and its cost effectiveness. However, gasoline is volatile and it poses a health hazard. In this work, isopropanol is proposed and investigated as viable fuel for small gasoline engines. Isooctane is used as a benchmark for performance comparison. The field testing reveals that isopropanol offers similar running performance and ease of starting. The maximum output power of isopropanol is surprisingly found to occur at a more advanced ignition timing compared with isooctane. The significant outcome of this study is that isopropanol can readily be used as a replacement fuel for existing engines without the need for any modifications to the ignition module or the engine itself.
Clip Art Directory - Industry, Resources, Oil and Gas, Petroleum and Gasoline previews. Really cool, creative, cartoons, illustrations, photos, webart in many subjects and styles.
The ethanol supporters are looking to raise the content of ethanol in every day gasoline from 10 percent ethanol and 90 percent gasoline 20 percent ethanol and 80 percent gasoline. This will double the nations use of ethanol to further reduce Americas oil consumption. E85 (85 percent ethanol 15 percent gasoline) is still seemingly hard to find in many states, e10 has been utilized greatly across the country.. The only threat that can get this shot down is can todays cars use twice the ethanol that is currently available in e10? Some say, older vehicle engines may not be able to run on e20 because it will damage their engines.. The University of Minnesota and Minnesota State University have conducted studies to help ethanol out. They found that e20 will not damage engine parts. The e20 blend is not enough ethanol for engine parts to break down.. Even though there may be skepticism regarding ethanol as the fuel of the future, numerous states in America have laws requiring a certain percent of ...
A common ethanol-gasoline mix of 10 percent ethanol mixed with gasoline is called gasohol or E10, and an ethanol-gasoline mix ... For example, using gasoline-filled equipment, such as lawnmowers, drinking gasoline-contaminated water close to gasoline spills ... inhaling gasoline volatile gas when refueling at a gasoline station is the easiest way to be exposed to gasoline. The ... Gasoline is produced in oil refineries. Roughly 72 liters (19 U.S. gal) of gasoline is derived from a 160-liter (42 U.S. gal) ...
Thomas, Kevin (2003-08-29), "'Gasoline' - Movie Review", Los Angeles Times, retrieved 2009-08-20 Gasoline at IMDb Gasoline at ... Gasoline (Italian: Benzina) is a 2001 Italian crime film directed by Monica Stambrini. It is based on a novel by Elena ... Chiara Conti as Pippi Marco Quaglia as Sandro Pietro Ragusa as Filippo Gasoline was nominated for the Prize of the City of ... "Gasoline Review", Variety, retrieved 2009-08-20 "Nominees for the 15th Annual GLAAD Media Awards". GLAAD. 2003-12-08. Archived ...
"Lady Gasoline" is a character who embodies those themes, "a 'super-muse' who walks all over the tracks." The record was ... Lady Gasoline is the second studio album from Dublin-born musician Chris Singleton and his backing band The Distractions, ... Lady Gasoline was released in Ireland on 28 June 2010 through IRL, an independent label whose other artists include Damien ... Mini-documentary about 'Lady Gasoline' Reviews and press coverage of Chris Singleton's work (Use dmy dates from April 2022, ...
... can be blended with other hydrocarbons as a gasoline additive, or distilled (in BTX process) to separate it ... Raw Pyrolysis Gasoline (RPG) or Raw Pygas is unhydrogenated Pygas which is rich in benzene. Hydrogenated Pyrolysis Gasoline ( ... PYGAS (Pyrolysis Gasoline) Ali, Javed (March 24, 2012). "The hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline (PyGas) over nickel and ... Pyrolysis gasoline or Pygas is a naphtha-range product with high aromatics content. It is a by-product of high temperature ...
Sex and Gasoline The opening track "Sex and Gasoline" is a satire using the voice of society to connect to the album's ... Rodney Crowell: Sex & Gasoline, PopMatters, September 1, 2008. Farber, Jim. Rodney Crowell is all about 'Sex & Gasoline', New ... Rodney Crowell Sex & Gasoline (Yep Roc), The Austin Chronicle, October 31, 2008. Collette, Doug. Rodney Crowell: Sex & Gasoline ... Rodney Crowell, Sex & Gasoline, Country Universe, September 7, 2008. Quill, Greg. Rodney Crowell: Sex and Gasoline, Toronto ...
The gasoline pill or gasoline powder is claimed to turn water into gasoline, which can be used to run a combustion engine. The ... A gasoline pill is chemically impossible. Gasoline is a hydrocarbon fuel; this means it consists of a mixture of molecules made ... In the United States, the best known claim to have created a gasoline pill was the work of one Guido Franch, who was active ... A "scientist" claimed that one pill could do the work of a hundred gallons of gasoline. When the stunt was revealed, few of the ...
... is a 1985 EP release (taking the form of two 12" singles) by Cabaret Voltaire, originally released on the ... All four tracks are featured on the band's "Gasoline in Your Eye" videocassette, also issued in 1985. All known copies of the ...
... has a lower octane content (RON roughly equal to 70) than conventional commercial distilled gasoline, so it ... Natural gasoline is a liquid hydrocarbon mixture condensed from natural gas, similar to common gasoline (petrol) derived from ... Natural gasoline is rather volatile and unstable, and has a low octane rating, but can be blended with other hydrocarbons to ... It is then transferred to a blender, which will add this E98 to conventional gasoline to make common 87 octane fuels (E10). It ...
... backing vocals Gasoline Days at AllMusic Eddie and the Hot Rods, Gasoline Days credits Retrieved June 23, 2016. (Articles with ... Gasoline Days is the fifth studio album released by Pub Rock band Eddie and the Hot Rods. It is produced and mixed by the Hot ... In 1994 they recorded the album Gasoline Days, released in 1996 by the Japanese label Creative Man. The band has been active ... "Gasoline Days" - 2:58 "Love Love Love" - 2:44 "Alive" - 4:21 Eddie and the Hot Rods Barrie Masters - vocals Paul Gray - bass, ...
"Microbe and Gasoline". Metacritic. Retrieved November 28, 2016. "Microbe and Gasoline". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 28 ... Microbe & Gasoline (French: Microbe et Gasoil) is a 2015 French comedy film written and directed by Michel Gondry. The film ... Microbe & Gasoline at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, 2015 films, ... "Microbe et Gasoil (Microbe & Gasoline)". Box Office Mojo. "A majestic line-up for StudioCanal". Cineuropa. 11 May 2015. " ...
... occurs when gasoline is stolen from a gas station, pipeline or vehicle. People can siphon fuel from fuel tanks ... Gasoline theft (sometimes known colloquially as fill and fly, gas and dash, and drive-off in the US and bilking in the UK) is ... Oil and gasoline are stolen by illegal taps in petroleum pipelines, and billions of dollars worth of product are stolen ... when gasoline is stolen with the vehicle having the original tags and the vehicle tags identifying the registered owner).[ ...
Gasoline was an American Southern rock band and side project of former Pantera member Vinnie Paul. Paul described the group's ...
It was founded as Skypower Gasoline by Peter Moller and his sons Poul, Finn and John and changed the name to USA Gasoline in ... 1970s In the 1970s, USA Gasoline became the first gasoline retailer to experiment with self-service pay at the pump technology ... In 2019, after the acquisition of USA Gasoline's parent company Andeavor by Marathon Petroleum, many USA Gasoline locations ... U Save Automatic (also known as USA Gasoline or USA Petroleum) is an American oil company which operates in the United States. ...
2005 Gasoline (Key album), 2022 "Gasoline" (1913 song) "Gasoline" (Seether song), 2003 "Gasoline" (Halsey song), 2015 "Gasoline ... Gasoline may also refer to: Gasoline (film), a 2001 Italian crime film Gasoline, Texas, a ghost town in the United States ... "Gasoline", a song by Karate from the 1995 album Karate "Gasoline", a song by Moist from the 1996 album Creature "Gasoline", a ... Look up gasoline in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Gasoline, or petrol, is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is ...
A gasoline pump is a machine at a filling station that is used to pump gasoline (petrol), diesel, or other types of liquid fuel ... Four old-fashioned gasoline pumps at the 2012 Greater Milwaukee Auto Show. Since gasoline pumps are the focal point of ... Antique gasoline pump from Savannah, Georgia. Two types of Shell gasoline pumps at Soulsby Service Station in Mount Olive, ... There are far fewer retail outlets for gasoline in the US today than there were in 1980. Larger outlets sell gasoline rapidly, ...
... is a compilation album made by Sophia Bush and Austin Nichols (Stars of the Hit CW Network Show One Tree Hill ... The title track Gasoline Rainbows is written and performed by Amy Kuney. Other artists involved include City and Colour, ... "Gasoline Rainbows" - Amy Kuney- 4:36 "Armistice" - Phoenix - 3:04 "40 Day Dream" - Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros - 3:53 ...
... was adapted into two feature films, Gasoline Alley (1951) and Corky of Gasoline Alley (1951). The films starred ... Gasoline Alley at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. "On The Road With Gasoline Alley". ... "Gasoline Alley strip". Gocomics.com. 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2014-03-02. "Gasoline Alley turns 90 today". The Daily Cartoonist. ... "Gasoline Alley comics by Jim Scancarelli". Tribune Content Agency. Retrieved October 9, 2018. Baldwin, Jay E. (2014). "Gasoline ...
Gasoline is available in major cities across Canada. "Gasoline Magazine". Bovine Sex Club. Retrieved 18 June 2015. Gasoline v t ... Gasoline is a Canadian quarterly rock music magazine based out of Toronto, Ontario. The magazine was first published in May ...
... Corporation (trading name: Domo) is a private Canadian gas retailer based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The company is ... "60th". Domo Gasoline Corporation Ltd. Retrieved 2021-10-05. "The Domo Trolley Connecting Assiniboine Park and Zoo with The ... The company, incorporated as Domo Gasoline Corporation Ltd., was founded in Winnipeg by Douglas Everett in 1958. It originally ...
A gasoline heater is a small gasoline-fueled space-heater. Fixed versions were originally used mainly for supplemental heat for ... Gasoline is brought to the heater from the vehicle's fuel system. A fan blows air into a combustion chamber, where a glow plug ... Most gasoline heaters produce between 5,000 and 50,000 BTU per hour. A built-in safety switch prevents fuel from flowing unless ... Gasoline heaters require an intake source of fresh air, and exhaust combusted gasses. Due to the toxicity of the latter - ...
Gasoline is a ghost town in Briscoe County, Texas. A post office called Gasoline was established in 1907, and remained in ... The community was named after a gasoline-powered cotton gin near the original town site. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic ... Names Information System: Gasoline "Post Offices". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved 5 January 2017. Moyer, Armond; Moyer, ...
... or E-benzin is a synthetic fuel created by Audi for use in automobiles. Audi is developing the fuel together with ... "Audi steps on the e-gasoline". Retrieved July 9, 2020. (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ... Global Bioenergies S.A. E-gasoline is essentially a liquid isooctane fuel and it is considered to be a carbon-neutral fuel. The ...
... is a 1921 American comedy film directed by James Cruze and starring Fatty Arbuckle. Prints of Gasoline Gus held at ... "Stripper's Guide: Obscurity of the Day: Gasoline Gus". Retrieved March 12, 2017. "Browse All Recordings , Gasoline Gus and his ... Fatty Arbuckle filmography "The AFI Catalog of Feature Films: Gasoline Gus". "Progressive Silent Film List: Gasoline Gus". ... Gasoline Gus was a taxi driver and car fanatic who constantly wrecked his early automobile. Billy Murray and the American ...
Gasoline Alley is the second solo studio album by the British singer-songwriter Rod Stewart. It was released on 12 June 1970 by ... "Gasoline Alley - Rod Stewart , AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 2 December 2011. Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: ... "Rod Stewart - Gasoline Alley (1970, Gatefold, Vinyl)". Discogs. "Musical Maps". "Record Business" (PDF). Airplay Charts. ... Winner, Langdon (3 September 1970). "Gasoline Alley , Album Reviews , Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2 December 2011 ...
The Ross was a Brass era automobile manufactured in Detroit, Michigan from 1915 to 1918 by the Ross Automobile Company. John L. Ross of Ross & Young Machine Company entered the automobile field by incorporating his Ross Automobile Company in 1915. The Ross automobile had a Herschell-Spillman V-8 engine with body styles including sedans and town cars and were priced at $1,350 and $1,850, equivalent to $49,554 in 2021. The "Ross Eight" won fame briefly in 1916 for being the first automobile to climb San Francisco's famous Fillmore Street hill in high gear, where grades reach a maximum of 251⁄2%. New York capitalists took over the company in late 1916 and changed the car from an 8-cylinder to a Continental six-cylinder. In 1917 the V-8 engine was reinstated, but not for long. The Company entered receivership and in February 1918, the Ross plant had been sold. Kimes, Beverly Rae; Clark Jr., Henry Austin (1996). Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942 (3rd ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN ...
Gasoline received generally positive reviews from music critics. Writing for IZM, Yeom Dong-gyo felt that Gasoline solidified ... Kim, Su-jin (August 25, 2022). 샤이니 키, 정규 2집 'Gasoline' 한계 없는 음악 스펙트럼 [Key of Shinee's second studio album 'Gasoline' has an ... Gasoline is Key's first solo release in nearly a year, following his 2021 EP Bad Love. His first studio album Face was released ... Lead single "Gasoline" is a hip hop dance song that features chanting laid over brass and drum sounds. The lyrics, written by ...
... does not have the valve cleaning action that is provided when fuel is introduced to the engine ... As a hybrid between an Otto cycle and a Diesel cycle engine, it could be run on a variety of fuels including gasoline and fuel ... Gasoline does not provide the same level of lubrication for the injector components as diesel, which sometimes becomes a ... Gasoline direct injection (GDI), also known as petrol direct injection (PDI), is a mixture formation system for internal ...
"Driven Under" (acoustic version) "Broken" (acoustic version) "Gasoline" (demo version) "Gasoline" (radio version)* "Tied My ... "Gasoline" is a song by South African rock band Seether. It is the first track on their album Disclaimer which included the 5 ...
Gasoline Alley is a comic strip by Frank King, first published in 1918 Gasoline Alley may also refer to: Gasoline Alley, ... Alberta Gasoline Alley (Indianapolis Motor Speedway), the garage area at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Gasoline Alley (1951 ... or the title track Gasoline Alley (radio), a 1931-49 radio series based on the eponymous comic strip The Talk of Gasoline Alley ... its sequel released the same year Gasoline Alley (2022 film), an American action thriller film Gasoline Alley (album), a 1970 ...
Gasoline! Gasoline! That's the cry that echoes thro your dreams. Gasoline! Gasoline! In this land of milk and honey 'Tisn't ... Callahan, "Gasoline". Smithsonian, "Gasoline". Callahan; J. Will; Pratt, Paul. "Gasoline" (sheet music). Chicago: Frank K. Root ... "Gasoline" is a popular song written in 1913 in deference to the modern necessity for the commodity, gasoline. Lyrics were ... Gasoline! Written in 2/4 time, the song is set to the tempo of Moderato marcia. "Gasoline" is one of the songs the National ...
Many people using gasoline-powered tools such as high-pressure washers, concrete cutting saws (walk-behind/hand-held), power ... Carbon Monoxide Hazards from Small Gasoline Powered Engines. Many people using gasoline-powered tools such as high-pressure ... Operating gasoline-powered engines and tools indoors is RISKY BUSINESS.. Recommendations. It is not widely known that small ... A plumber used a gasoline-powered concrete saw in a basement with open doors and windows and a cooling fan. He experienced a ...
Premier @jjhorgan says #BCNDP has presided over 2-cent rise in #CarbonTax on gasoline, not the latest 12-cent jump #bcpoli # ... READ MORE: Want cheap gasoline? Smithers is lowest in B.C.. Prices have pushed past $1.60 per litre in Metro Vancouver, where ... B.C.s April 1 carbon tax increase accounts for only a penny of additional tax on gasoline, Horgan told reporters at his weekly ... After this weeks increase, carbon tax adds 8.89 cents to a litre of gasoline and 10.23 cents to a litre of diesel, which ...
Washington officialdom in its genius has chosen this time to start working up support for an increase in the federal gasoline ... Thats what has happened with the gradual escalation of gasoline prices, which are once more pinching wallets and making them ... But a gasoline tax increase when the nation faces a $4-plus trillion budget while laboring under debt somewhere north of $22 ... Washington officialdom in its genius has chosen this time to start working up support for an increase in the federal gasoline ...
Automotive gasoline has been found in at least 23 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental ... At high levels, automotive gasoline is irritating to the lungs when breathed in and irritating to the lining of the stomach ... Exposure to automotive gasoline most likely occurs from breathing its vapor at a service station while filling a cars fuel ... What is automotive gasoline?. The gasoline discussed in this fact sheet is automotive used as a fuel for engines in cars. ...
This article discusses the harmful effects from swallowing gasoline or breathing in its fumes. ... If gasoline gets into the lungs (aspiration), serious and possibly permanent lung damage can occur. ... The harsh taste of gasoline makes it unlikely that large quantities will be swallowed. However, several cases of poisoning have ... The poisonous ingredients in gasoline are chemicals called hydrocarbons, which are substances that contain only hydrogen and ...
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The study was designed to compare a US market gasoline (RON 92 E10) to a higher reactivity gasoli ... Fuel efficiency and emission performance sensitivity to fuel reactivity was examined using Delphis second-generation Gasoline ... The study was designed to compare a US market gasoline (RON 92 E10) to a higher reactivity gasoline (RON 80) at four operating ... Gasoline Fuels Assessment for Delphis Second Generation Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Multi-Cylinder ...
Will the use of E15 gasoline damage engines and/or void warranties of many types of cars? ... E15 Gasoline. Will the use of E15 gasoline damage engines and/or void warranties of many types of cars?. David Mikkelson ... "AAA Warns E15 Gasoline Could Cause Car Damage.". USA Today. 30 November 2012.. ... At the end of 2013, the EPA announced it was reducing the amount of ethanol that must be blended into gasoline in 2014 (in part ...
But dont count the gasoline engine out just yet. The rate of electric cars migrating into the fleet--not to mention... ... For Greener Cars, Dont Count The Gasoline Engine Out Yet. John Voelcker January 17, 2013 Comment Now! Plug-in electric cars ... But dont count the gasoline engine out just yet.. The rate of electric cars migrating into the fleet--not to mention ... alternative fuel vehicles Car Tech Electric Cars gasoline engines Green New car sales plug-in cars ...
American Gasoline Corporation 1919 $39.95 - Oil , Gas and Chemicals A-K - Beautifully engraved certificate from the American ... Gasoline Corporation issued in 1919. This historic document has an ornate border around it with a vignette of an eagle with a ...
There seems to be two trains of thought when it comes to the brand of gasoline we use to fill up our cars. The first camp is ...
Hydrogenation to Bring Better Oils and Gasoline By Science News. January 31, 1931. ...
Gasoline consumption Honda, NC 700D, NC700D Integra ... Premium Gasoline 95 3.86 l/100km 35.867 km and 1.383 l ...
Gasoline Refund Application FarmGT-9AB, Gasoline Refund Application for Those Engaged in Farming WatercraftGT-9MB, Gasoline ... The gasoline exported shall be purchased on a tax free basis. All other gasoline purchased within the Commonwealth shall ... Refunds: Users of gasoline may submit refund applications. Use the following forms to apply for gasoline refunds: TypeForm Off‑ ... Filing Requirements: Distributors, importers and exporters of gasoline in Massachusetts must file a Gasoline Tax Return, Form ...
Check out our album review of Artists Gasoline Alley on Rolling Stone.com. ... Gasoline Alley is for me merely the second volume in what I hope will be a continually expanding "Collected Works" of a ... A I listened to Gasoline Alley the first time, I found myself saying again and again, "He cant understand that." But he does. ...
... By Xie Ye (China Daily). Updated: 2004-06-08 23:49 ... The CNPC has raised the ex-factory prices for both gasoline and diesel by 60 yuan (US$7.3) a ton since June 1, said a company ... Earlier in March, benchmark wholesale prices for gasoline went up by 300 yuan (US$36.3) a ton, or 8 per cent. The diesel price ... China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC), the nations largest oil company, has raised ex-factory prices for gasoline and diesel to ...
New York (CNN/Money) -- The average price for regular gasoline on Monday, March 7, was $1.98 a gallon, down from $1.90 per ... A year earlier, the average price of a gallon of regular gasoline was $1.73. Hawaii leads the nation at $2.42 a gallon for ...
Germany begins gasoline, diesel antitrust probe Published: May 26, 2011 at 6:27 a.m. ET By Jan Hromadko. ... Over the past two years the cartel office has repeatedly said it that the countrys gasoline market is dominated by five ... of gasoline and diesel sales, and said this leads to excessive retail prices ... anticompetitive behavior by some participants in the gasoline and diesel market, and recommended that the government considers ...
A Sunoco Logistics Partners LP pipeline spilled about 1,300 barrels of gasoline into the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County ... Reuters) - A Sunoco Logistics Partners LP pipeline spilled about 1,300 barrels of gasoline into the Susquehanna River in ...
leaded gasoline. leaded gasoline. means gasoline to which lead has been added during the production process; (essence au plomb) ... gasoline. gasoline. [Revoked, SOR/94-355, s. 1]. highway. highway. means a common or public road, street, avenue, parkway, ... Lead-Free Gasoline Regulations. , C.R.C., c. 408 and the Leaded Gasoline Regulations. , C.R.C., c. 409 and to make the annexed ... means to import gasoline into Canada, except gasoline that is imported in the fuel tank of a conveyance or a competition ...
Combination animation/live-action film showing how gasoline is refined and used. With striking images of gas stations, auto ... Describes (in partly animated form: you know, talking gasoline drops, etc!) the refining of gasoline, its chemical breakdown ... However, since I already knew a little about how a gasolene engine works, the rest seemed much too simplified to be useful and ... We see very cute droplets representing the different parts of an oil drop eg gas droplets, gasoline droplets etc (the Gas Oil ...
... CBS News UP NEXT. * White House Will Continue To Work With Kyrsten ... Inflation slowed in July as gasoline prices dropped. Duration: 05:08 8/11/2022. ...
EU approves gasoline car ban Carmakers will soon face new regulations, obliging them to achieve a 100% cut in CO2 emissions by ...
Gasoline station, with Standard Oil Products and Champion signs, in old false front building. ... Gasoline station, with Standard Oil Products and Champion signs, in old false front building. ...
The clean-up will continue for a couple days after a fully loaded gasoline tanker overturned in Johnston County Friday morning ... Tanker Overturns in Johnston, Spilling Gasoline. The clean-up will continue for a couple days after a fully loaded gasoline ... SELMA, N.C. - Clean-up efforts will continue for a couple days after a fully loaded gasoline tanker overturned in Johnston ... Environmental workers pumped the remaining gasoline from the tanker and then set to work trying to recover the portion that ...
... has more gasoline than it knows what to do with. ... The abundance of gasoline pushed Gulf Coast gasoline prices to ... Waterborne gasoline exports surged after Colonial Pipeline Co., the main system that moves Gulf Coast gasoline to the Eastern ... refiners and gasoline blenders churned out 10.5 million barrels of gasoline a day and Gulf Coast inventories of the motor fuel ... U.S. gasoline exports reached 1.07 million barrels a day in the week ended Nov. 4, the first time the figure has topped 1 ...
Gasoline lyrics: Hold our your heart and on it let the sun shine down Open your mind and through it let the wisdom pour Give me ... My guilty skin like gasoline is burning out a hole in me ... Gasoline by Arden Jann. Hold our your heart and on it let the ... My guilty skin like gasoline is burning out a hole in me ...
LI gasoline prices fall 12.4 cents a gallon. Shaunee Mulgrave, of Queens, fills her tank. (Oct. 24, 2012). Credit: Heather ... Gasoline prices could fall another 10 to 15 cents in this region between now and midwinter, barring unforeseen events, said ... Gasoline prices fell by another 12.4 cents on Long Island in the past week as supplies rose. ... A temporary shortage of gasoline in the New York metropolitan area had caused prices to rise since Labor Day, despite reduced ...
  • Blends containing low concentrations of ethanol have been the readily-available choice for providing renewable content in gasoline fuels. (sae.org)
  • The simple addition of ethanol to gasoline significantly increases the mixture's vapor pressure, which can promote higher vehicle evaporative emissions. (sae.org)
  • However, recent studies have shown that even at reduced vapor pressure, ethanol can increase gasoline evaporative emissions by enhancing the permeation of hydrocarbons through the elastomeric materials found in vehicle fuel systems. (sae.org)
  • A test program was initiated in 2007 to explore the permeation effects of using isobutanol in gasoline in place of ethanol. (sae.org)
  • Alkylate's high-octane rating is one of them (alkylate is present in most finished gasoline alongside ethanol, reformate and butane to deliver the necessary fuel octane), but octane is just a small part of what alkylate brings to the table. (afpm.org)
  • Dec 2 (Reuters) - U.S. ethanol production is likely to continue at a record rate despite its rare premium to gasoline as cheap corn, high biofuel prices and even cool weather provide ideal conditions and strong profit margins. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
  • However, ethanol futures are trading at a 30-cent premium to gasoline futures, the second-largest in the last five years. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
  • Ethanol is less fuel efficient than gasoline but is cleaner-burning and higher-octane. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
  • Either ethanol has to come down or gasoline has to go up," Irwin said. (governorsbiofuelscoalition.org)
  • Exposure to regular gasoline and ethanol oxyfuel during refueling in Alaska. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite the gas pains, there's growing support at both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue for boosting the federal gasoline tax, which has stood at 18.4 cents a gallon for gasoline and 24.4 cents for diesel for nearly a quarter of a century. (washingtontimes.com)
  • New York (CNN/Money) -- The average price for regular gasoline on Monday, March 7, was $1.98 a gallon, down from $1.90 per gallon a month earlier, according to AAA. (cnn.com)
  • A year earlier, the average price of a gallon of regular gasoline was $1.73. (cnn.com)
  • We find that each cent-per-gallon increase in the price of gasoline reduces the equilibrium gasoline consumption by about 0.2 percent. (repec.org)
  • The average price of gasoline exceeded $5 a gallon for the first time ever last June-California has seen it surpass $6 -as global oil shocks reverberated from Russia's invasion of Ukraine. (yahoo.com)
  • fears over rising U.S. gasoline prices, which are nearing the all-time high of $4.1124 per gallon hit on July 11, 2008, according to the Lundberg Survey. (foxbusiness.com)
  • BELLEVUE - The AAA auto club reports the average price of a gallon of gasoline in Washington is $3.55. (heraldnet.com)
  • Analysts said last week that gasoline prices in Pennsylvania are expected to increase at least 10 cents per gallon by the end of April and early May as wholesale refineries start selling fuel with a lower evaporation level. (mcall.com)
  • COPPELL, Texas (AP) - Retail gasoline prices across Texas declined 3 cents per gallon this week as nationwide prices held steady. (fortworthbusiness.com)
  • The association survey found San Antonio has the cheapest gasoline in Texas this week at an average $2.14 per gallon. (fortworthbusiness.com)
  • El Paso has the most expensive gasoline statewide at an average $2.35 per gallon. (fortworthbusiness.com)
  • B.C.'s April 1 carbon tax increase accounts for only a penny of additional tax on gasoline, Horgan told reporters at his weekly news conference Thursday, describing the latest record gasoline price as profit-taking by petroleum companies. (vicnews.com)
  • Gasoline is produced from petroleum in the refining process. (cdc.gov)
  • Gasoline is produced from petroleum in The chemicals that dissolve in water also break down the refining process. (cdc.gov)
  • source of the crude petroleum, the manufacturer, and the Using equipment that runs on gasoline, such as a lawn time of year. (cdc.gov)
  • China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC), the nation's largest oil company, has raised ex-factory prices for gasoline and diesel to bail refineries from losses. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • In a cynical confession, Gary Heminger, chairman of Marathon Petroleum, boasted to analysts last week that weakening the clean car rules would boost gasoline sales by up to 16.8 million gallons a day. (nrdc.org)
  • The petroleum is refined into gasoline after it arrives at the refinery. (utilitysmarts.com)
  • If the worth of completed petroleum merchandise in Singapore continues to chill down within the coming days, the subsequent adjustment will proceed to cut back home gasoline costs. (vn.news)
  • On Wednesday, regular gasoline was going for an average of $3.83 across the country, according to auto club AAA , up five cents from last week and the first time prices have gone up in more than three months. (yahoo.com)
  • Midwest Can portable gasoline can holds 5 gallons of your gas and oil mixes. (autozone.com)
  • Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) have been introduced to reduce particle number emissions from GDI vehicles. (dieselnet.com)
  • Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are an emission aftertreatment technology based on diesel particulate filters (DPF), developed to control particulate emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. (dieselnet.com)
  • Gasoline particulate filters are not expected to be widely adopted in North America, where particle emissions are regulated through mass-based PM limits only. (dieselnet.com)
  • If compressed air is used, place the gasoline-powered compressor outdoors and away from air intakes so that engine exhaust is not drawn indoors where the work is being done. (cdc.gov)
  • On June 17, 1994, five workers in the District of Columbia were treated in an emergency department for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning following exposure to the exhaust from two gasoline-fueled power washers (i.e., pressure washers), which they had used in an empty underground parking garage. (cdc.gov)
  • The only identified source of CO was the exhaust from the gasoline-powered washers. (cdc.gov)
  • A Flare-Lok exhaust hoses are ideal for use in the exhaust extraction of gasoline fueled vehicles. (exhaustaway.com)
  • Breathing gasoline or car exhaust will also result in some exposure to toluene. (wisconsin.gov)
  • Gasoline engine exhaust has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (group 2B, see list below). (who.int)
  • In response to a request from the National Centers for Environmental Health (NCEH), NIOSH investigated occupational exposures to methyl- tert-butyl-ether (1634044) (MtBE), benzene (71432), xylene (1330207), toluene (108883), and carbon-monoxide (630080) (CO) at worksites where workers were exposed to gasoline (8006619) and exhaust emissions. (cdc.gov)
  • A combination of gasoline and diesel engine exhaust gases was introduced into the auger drill hole us. (cdc.gov)
  • Selma firefighters laid down foam on the flammable gasoline. (wral.com)
  • Do not use plastic bags or other inappropriate containers with gasoline or other flammable liquids. (cpsc.gov)
  • Gasoline prices are setting new records in Metro Vancouver. (vicnews.com)
  • B.C. Premier John Horgan says his government is "monitoring" the soaring price of gasoline, after the "summer driving season" began months early with a big jump in gasoline prices around the province. (vicnews.com)
  • Horgan also rejected a suggestion that his government's court fight to stop the expansion of the Trans Mountain pipeline from the Edmonton area is pushing up gasoline and diesel prices. (vicnews.com)
  • Prices have pushed past $1.60 per litre in Metro Vancouver, where the dedicated tax to fund TransLink buses and SkyTrain is up to 17 cents per litre on gasoline and diesel. (vicnews.com)
  • That's what has happened with the gradual escalation of gasoline prices, which are once more pinching wallets and making them cry. (washingtontimes.com)
  • The CNPC has raised the ex-factory prices for both gasoline and diesel by 60 yuan (US$7.3) a ton since June 1, said a company sales manager. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The Beijing Times reported Monday that a sales branch of Sinopec -- the nation's second largest oil company -- has also raised the ex-factory prices for gasoline by 100 yuan (US$12.1) a ton. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Industrial sources said the two largest oil companies have applied to the National Development and Reform Commission to raise the wholesales prices for diesel and gasoline by 300 yuan (US$36.2) a ton to reflect international prices hikes. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • Earlier in March, benchmark wholesale prices for gasoline went up by 300 yuan (US$36.3) a ton, or 8 per cent. (chinadaily.com.cn)
  • The abundance of gasoline pushed Gulf Coast gasoline prices to an eight-month low last week and spurred the longest losing streak since 2012 in futures, making U.S. gasoline an affordable buy. (chron.com)
  • Gasoline prices fell by another 12.4 cents on Long Island in the past week as supplies rose. (newsday.com)
  • Gasoline prices could fall another 10 to 15 cents in this region between now and midwinter, barring unforeseen events, said Gene McGillian, an analyst and broker at Tradition Energy in Stamford, Conn. (newsday.com)
  • A temporary shortage of gasoline in the New York metropolitan area had caused prices to rise since Labor Day, despite reduced demand with the end of the summer driving season. (newsday.com)
  • Generally, gasoline prices were higher in Northern and Western European countries due to higher tax rates. (statista.com)
  • After three months of declines in U.S. gasoline prices, Americans should brace for costs to rise again soon. (yahoo.com)
  • Demand for gasoline is rising, and global supply is set to remain limited after the OPEC+ decision, meaning higher prices. (yahoo.com)
  • The maintenance work has sent gasoline prices soaring from California to Washington State in recent weeks. (yahoo.com)
  • For Biden, high gasoline prices could become a political sticking point with midterm elections approaching next month. (yahoo.com)
  • U.S. national security adviser Jake Sullivan said that Biden was " disappointed " by the outcome and that the administration was exploring different avenues to keep gasoline prices as low as possible, including continuing to release supply from the strategic reserve. (yahoo.com)
  • WASHINGTON/NEW YORK (Reuters) - The government reiterated on Sunday that it could tap its strategic oil reserves in order to safeguard economic growth as surging gasoline prices threaten to amp up pressure for action. (foxbusiness.com)
  • He spoke just before a survey showed the second-largest two-week rise in gasoline pump prices ever. (foxbusiness.com)
  • Prices at the gas pump are headed for a jump next month when stations switch from cheaper winter gasoline to a cleaner-burning, more expensive, summertime blend. (mcall.com)
  • Gasoline prices likely will rise between 10 and 20 cents throughout the Northeast and along the East Coast, according to GasBuddy.com, an online analyst. (mcall.com)
  • Every year, retail prices rise with the shift to the summer gasoline blend, GasBuddy noted in a February news release. (mcall.com)
  • Food prices have been falling by 5-10 percent at traditional markets following the recent decline in gasoline prices, while supermarkets are offering promotions to boost sales. (vietamin.info)
  • Gasoline prices have fallen four times and by a total of 22 percent since June 21. (vietamin.info)
  • AAA Texas officials say gasoline prices have been falling in most markets as recovery continues from Hurricane Harvey, which made landfall Aug. 25 in South Texas. (fortworthbusiness.com)
  • These ingredients are found in gasoline and other liquids, such as kerosene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Particularly, the worth of RON92 gasoline is 107.64 USD/barrel, RON95 gasoline is 111.58 USD/barrel, kerosene is 127.07 USD/barrel, diesel is 128.74 USD/barrel and gas oil is 520.84 USD/barrel. (vn.news)
  • Electric-car advocate Peder Norby contends that by 2020, conventional gasoline-engined vehicles will be less than half of total U.S. sales. (greencarreports.com)
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions about automotive gasoline. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to automotive gasoline most likely occurs from breathing its vapor at a service station while filling a car's fuel tank. (cdc.gov)
  • At high levels, automotive gasoline is irritating to the lungs when breathed in and irritating to the lining of the stomach when swallowed. (cdc.gov)
  • Automotive gasoline has been found in at least 23 of the 1,430 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • What is automotive gasoline? (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to automotive gasoline when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • How might I be exposed to automotive gasoline? (cdc.gov)
  • How can automotive gasoline affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • How likely is automotive gasoline to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
  • The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have not classified automotive gasoline for carcinogenicity. (cdc.gov)
  • Automotive gasoline is currently undergoing review by the EPA for cancer classification. (cdc.gov)
  • Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to automotive gasoline? (cdc.gov)
  • Gasoline Fuels Assessment for Delphi's Second Generation Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Multi-Cylinder Engine," SAE Int. J. Engines 10(4):1430-1442, 2017, https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-0743 . (sae.org)
  • The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission wants consumers to know how to safely use fuel containers, gasoline and other liquid fuels. (cpsc.gov)
  • This industry group comprises establishments engaged in retailing automotive fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, gasohol, gasoline) in combination with convenience store or food mart items. (dnb.com)
  • An independent panel of international experts will meet from 5-12 June to evaluate the human cancer risk of exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, and related agents, based on published evidence. (who.int)
  • 2. How are diesel and gasoline engine exhausts defined today in terms of cancer risk? (who.int)
  • Many of the harmful effects seen after exposure to gasoline are due to the individual chemicals in the gasoline mixture, such as benzene and lead. (cdc.gov)
  • However, there is no evidence that exposure to gasoline causes cancer in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory tests are available that can measure elevated blood or urine levels of lead (as an indication of exposure to leaded gasoline only), benzene, or other substances that may result from exposure to gasoline or other sources. (cdc.gov)
  • Conclusions: The results suggest that the gasoline station workers have both peripheral and central auditory dysfunctions that could be partly explained by their exposure to gasoline. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, the higher reactivity RON 80 gasoline exhibited further improvement of light-to-medium load performance and emissions. (sae.org)
  • Gasoline specifications and blending practices have been updated to help offset the increase to vapor pressure and evaporative emissions. (sae.org)
  • In addition to high energy density, high octane, and good material compatibility, isobutanol has low vapor pressure impact when blended with gasoline and hence, low potential to drive evaporative emissions. (sae.org)
  • The results confirm that isobutanol can be used in gasoline with reduced impact on fuel permeation emissions. (sae.org)
  • After this week's increase, carbon tax adds 8.89 cents to a litre of gasoline and 10.23 cents to a litre of diesel, which contains more carbon. (vicnews.com)
  • By mid-2018, one GPF manufacturer-Corning-supplied one million GPFs for the European market, which indicates that within about one year the technology reached a market penetration of at least 10% of gasoline vehicles. (dieselnet.com)
  • Turns out that Calif mandate to go to higher specs on winter gasoline has plants tied up making it for switch at time when several plants have operation problems or are down on postphoned turnarounds. (refiningcommunity.com)
  • All licensees filing aviation gasoline returns will be notified of the rate approximately four (4) weeks before the beginning of the calendar quarter. (mass.gov)
  • The current aviation gasoline tax rate is also published on the DOR website ( www.mass.gov/dor ). (mass.gov)
  • Government backed much of the technological development and buildout of alkylation capacity to supply high-octane aviation gasoline -100 AKI-for WWII combat aircraft. (afpm.org)
  • An unclassified exporter is a person who exports or causes to export, gasoline, outside the Commonwealth. (mass.gov)
  • Waterborne gasoline exports surged after Colonial Pipeline Co., the main system that moves Gulf Coast gasoline to the Eastern Seaboard, shut for six days following an Oct. 31 explosion. (chron.com)
  • U.S. gasoline exports reached 1.07 million barrels a day in the week ended Nov. 4, the first time the figure has topped 1 million in U.S. Energy Information Administration data going back to 2010. (chron.com)
  • The White House and the Energy Department may also be considering a ban on all U.S. gasoline exports to shore up domestic supply, Bloomberg reported on Tuesday , although experts have noted that this plan could backfire by creating more disruption in global energy markets, especially in allied European countries dealing with a mounting energy crisis . (yahoo.com)
  • Gasoline shipments and blending components to Asia from Europe jumped more than 80 percent to about 70,000 barrels a day this month from December, while exports to the Middle East are at their highest since October, according to preliminary data from oil analytics and tanker-tracking firm Vortexa. (rigzone.com)
  • You know there is an unusual situation when the U.S. begins to send gasoline to European gasoline export hubs like ARA. (rigzone.com)
  • Some laboratory animals that breathed high concentrations of unleaded gasoline vapors continuously for 2 years developed liver and kidney tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing vapors at a service station when filling the car's chemicals are present in the gasoline mixture and how much fuel tank is the most likely way to be exposed. (cdc.gov)
  • When dispensing gasoline, avoid breathing the vapors. (wisconsin.gov)
  • Gasohol, a mixture of gasoline and ethyl alcohol, is included in the data starting in 1995. (bts.gov)
  • Still, two other records were set simultaneously: U.S. refiners and gasoline blenders churned out 10.5 million barrels of gasoline a day and Gulf Coast inventories of the motor fuel climbed to the highest seasonal level ever. (chron.com)
  • Refiners and fuel blenders follow a recipe to produce finished gasoline. (afpm.org)
  • For mid-load operation (1500 rpm / 6.0 bar IMEP g and 2000 rpm / 10.0 bar IMEP g ), significantly lower fuel consumption was achieved when using the higher reactivity (RON 80) gasoline due to significantly lower boost pressure requirements and an enhanced combustion process. (sae.org)
  • See where the Gasoline Stations industry is concentrated geographically and research companies by financials and key corporate data. (dnb.com)
  • These national industry-specific occupational employment and wage estimates are calculated with data collected from employers of all sizes, in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in every state and the District of Columbia, in NAICS 447100 - Gasoline Stations. (bls.gov)
  • Do you think your business should also be listed on this page - Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations in Camden (NJ)? (camdenonline.us)
  • The gasoline station employees worked in 18 different gas stations, and the noise area measurements from all gas stations revealed time-weighted averages below 85 dBA. (cdc.gov)
  • There's no way to meet California demand for reformulated gasoline (CARBOB) without alkylate. (afpm.org)
  • That was compounded by downtime for maintenance and repair at other refineries that produce gasoline for the U.S. East Coast. (newsday.com)
  • And one of the two Pennsylvania refineries has reopened under new ownership and is producing gasoline again. (newsday.com)
  • The rise of U.S. shale oil is choking off a historic gasoline trade, dealing a blow to European refineries that for decades have relied on American drivers to buy their excess supplies. (rigzone.com)
  • A surge in U.S. shale oil production, which is rich in gasoline, is a major contributor to the diminished flows because refineries are running the hardest in more than 15 years. (rigzone.com)
  • How the gasoline is made determines which chemicals are present in the gasoline mixture and how much of each is present. (cdc.gov)
  • Small amounts of the chemicals present in gasoline evaporate into the air when you fill the gas tank in your car or when gasoline is accidentally spilled onto surfaces and soils or into surface waters. (cdc.gov)
  • Other chemicals in gasoline dissolve in water after spills to surface waters or underground storage tank leaks into the groundwater. (cdc.gov)
  • The poisonous ingredients in gasoline are chemicals called hydrocarbons, which are substances that contain only hydrogen and carbon. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In surface releases, most chemicals in gasoline will prob as a fuel for engines in cars. (cdc.gov)
  • Gasoline is a manufactured mixture that does not exist natu light and other chemicals in the air. (cdc.gov)
  • 39.95 - Oil , Gas and Chemicals A-K - Beautifully engraved certificate from the American Gasoline Corporation issued in 1919. (encyberpedia.com)
  • In 1917, American health officials in El Paso, Texas, launched a campaign to use toxic chemicals, including gasoline baths, to disinfect immigrants seeking to enter the United States through the US-Mexico border. (vox.com)
  • Study sample: A total of 77 Brazilian gasoline station workers were evaluated, and their results were compared with those of 36 participants who were not exposed to chemicals or noise at work. (cdc.gov)
  • Operating gasoline-powered engines and tools indoors is RISKY BUSINESS. (cdc.gov)
  • It is not widely known that small gasoline-powered engines and tools present a serious health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • NOT allow the use of or operate gasoline-powered engines or tools inside buildings or in partially enclosed areas unless gasoline engines can be located outside away from air intakes. (cdc.gov)
  • Use equipment that allows for the placement of gasoline-powered engines outdoors at a safe distance from air entering the building. (cdc.gov)
  • The gasoline discussed in this fact sheet is automotive used as a fuel for engines in cars. (cdc.gov)
  • But for the next decade or more, the vast majority of the world's auto production will continue to have gasoline engines. (greencarreports.com)
  • And are the auto-industry executives right that gasoline engines will predominate over the next 10 years? (greencarreports.com)
  • Will the use of E15 gasoline damage engines and/or void warranties of many types of cars? (snopes.com)
  • At approximately 12:30 a.m., the workers started two power washers equipped with 8-horsepower, gasoline-fueled engines. (cdc.gov)
  • Average U.S. gasoline production surged by more than 800,000 barrels a day between 2014 and 2018, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration data. (rigzone.com)
  • Only 12 million of the more than 240 million light-duty vehicles in the United States are approved by manufacturers to use the gasoline, according to AAA. (snopes.com)
  • 2) These Regulations, except for sections 2 and 11, do not apply in respect of gasoline for use in competition vehicles. (gc.ca)
  • GPFs are expected to be used primarily in the European Union and in China , to meet the particle number (PN) emission standards for gasoline passenger cars and light commercial vehicles adopted in both jurisdictions. (dieselnet.com)
  • The Chinese PN standards are not limited to GDI, but apply to all gasoline vehicles. (dieselnet.com)
  • Internal combustion engine vehicles in the coming years may rely more and more on gasoline that contains alkylate to hit corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) targets for mileage efficiency and carbon reduction . (afpm.org)
  • We examine the impacts of increased US gasoline taxes in a model that links the markets for new, used, and scrapped vehicles and recognizes the considerable heterogeneity among households and cars. (repec.org)
  • Senegal: The price of octane-95 gasoline is 990 CFA Franc (west) per liter. (globalpetrolprices.com)
  • For comparison, the average price of gasoline in the world for this period is 792.17 CFA Franc (west). (globalpetrolprices.com)
  • The chart below shows the price of gasoline in the country relative to other countries. (globalpetrolprices.com)
  • Over the past month, tankers shipping European gasoline to the world's biggest consumer detoured to Venezuela and Caribbean islands. (rigzone.com)
  • In October, U.S. shipments of finished gasoline to the Netherlands spiked, according to EIA figures. (rigzone.com)
  • Many people using gasoline-powered tools such as high-pressure washers, concrete cutting saws (walk-behind/hand-held), power trowels, floor buffers, welders, pumps, compressors, and generators in buildings or semi enclosed spaces have been poisoned by carbon monoxide (CO). CO can rapidly accumulate (even in areas that appear to be well ventilated) and build up to dangerous or fatal concentrations within minutes. (cdc.gov)
  • Five workers were treated for CO poisoning after using two 8 horse-power, gasoline-powered, pressure washers in a poorly ventilated underground parking garage. (cdc.gov)
  • Gasoline is a manufactured mixture that does not exist naturally in the environment. (cdc.gov)
  • You shouldn't use 2-year-old gasoline, also you shouldn't use motorbike gas older than three months because the older the motorbike gas is, the lesser the octane content would be. (motorbikespace.com)
  • If the world oil value continues to fall sharply, the home gasoline value could fall to 22,000 VND/liter. (vn.news)
  • At the moment, the home gasoline value was at 25,320 dong/liter. (vn.news)
  • If excluding the environmental safety tax of three,300 VND, the worth of gasoline is about 22,000 VND/liter. (vn.news)
  • In the course of the working interval on August 11, the worth of E5 RON 92 gasoline decreased by 900 VND with the utmost retail value of E5 RON 92 gasoline at 23,720 VND / liter, the worth of RON 95 gasoline was adjusted down by 940 VND / liter with the worth. (vn.news)
  • Distributors, importers and exporters of gasoline in Massachusetts must file with the Department of Revenue (DOR) a Gasoline License Application (Form GT-1) on line through MassTaxConnect (MTC) at www.mass.gov/dor . (mass.gov)
  • Distributors, importers and exporters of gasoline in Massachusetts must file a Gasoline Tax Return, Form GT-456. (mass.gov)
  • That's bad news for Europe's gasoline exporters, whose main market is becoming tougher. (rigzone.com)
  • Gasoline station workers showed significantly poorer results than non-exposed control participants in one or more conditions of each of the audiological tests used, except P300. (cdc.gov)
  • Use of gasoline-powered tools indoors where CO from the engine can accumulate can be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Fuel efficiency and emission performance sensitivity to fuel reactivity was examined using Delphi's second-generation Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition (Gen 2.0 GDCI) multi-cylinder engine. (sae.org)
  • Specifically for the Delphi Gen 2.0 GDCI multi-cylinder engine, fuel consumption and engine-out emission targets were able to achieve when using both current market RON 92 E10 gasoline and a higher reactivity RON 80 gasoline. (sae.org)
  • But don't count the gasoline engine out just yet. (greencarreports.com)
  • Tetraethyl lead (TEL) gasoline, to improve engine performance. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhaling high concentrations of gasoline is irritating to tories that have the right equipment. (cdc.gov)
  • Treat with high concentrations of humidified oxygen en route to the hospital. (medscape.com)
  • A municipal employee at an indoor water treatment plant lost consciousness while trying to exit from a 59,000-cubic-foot room where he had been working with an 8-horse-power, gasoline-powered pump. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing in high levels of gasoline for short periods or swallowing large amounts of gasoline may also cause harmful effects on the nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • This article discusses the harmful effects from swallowing gasoline or breathing in its fumes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • More specifically, a fuel consumption improvement was observed at the low load operating conditions (800 rpm / 2.0 bar IMEP g and 2000 rpm / 2.6 bar IMEP g ) when using the RON 80 gasoline, compared to using market RON 92 E10 gasoline mainly due to better combustion stability that is directly associated with the fuel's higher reactivity. (sae.org)
  • Clear differences in low temperature heat release (LTHR) behavior for this partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustion process was also observed between the two gasolines. (sae.org)
  • Mobil has been a household name since the mid-1980s when it comes to high-quality gasoline. (utilitysmarts.com)
  • High-end textile manufacturing machines are used in the production ofMainbon gasoline tricycle. (mainbon.com)
  • Vortexa observed at least two tankers hauling U.S. Gulf gasoline and/or components to the European trading hub of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Antwerp in November and December. (rigzone.com)
  • Because oil tankers transport this gas to various companies, the gasoline portion of the gas is the same. (utilitysmarts.com)
  • A large dinosaur, the Sinclair Gasoline mascot, sits atop this restored vintage gas station. (roadsideamerica.com)
  • If gasoline gets into the lungs (aspiration), serious and possibly permanent lung damage can occur. (medlineplus.gov)