Gases. Medical search

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

Elements that constitute group 18 (formerly the zero group) of the periodic table. They are gases that generally do not react chemically.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

A combustible, gaseous mixture of low-molecular weight PARAFFIN hydrocarbons, generated below the surface of the earth. It contains mostly METHANE and ETHANE with small amounts of PROPANE; BUTANES; and higher hydrocarbons, and sometimes NITROGEN; CARBON DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN SULFIDE; and HELIUM. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A severe condition resulting from bacteria invading healthy muscle from adjacent traumatized muscle or soft tissue. The infection originates in a wound contaminated with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM. C. perfringens accounts for the majority of cases (over eighty percent), while C. noyvi, C. septicum, and C. histolyticum cause most of the other cases.

Areas of the earth where hydrocarbon deposits of PETROLEUM and/or NATURAL GAS are located.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).

Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. It is a group A hemolytic Streptococcus that can cause SCARLET FEVER and RHEUMATIC FEVER.

Apparatus for removing exhaled or leaked anesthetic gases or other volatile agents, thus reducing the exposure of operating room personnel to such agents, as well as preventing the buildup of potentially explosive mixtures in operating rooms or laboratories.

Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.

The pressure that would be exerted by one component of a mixture of gases if it were present alone in a container. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Ionized gases, consisting of free electrons and ionized atoms or molecules which collectively behave differently than gas, solid, or liquid. Plasma gases are used in biomedical fields in surface modification; biological decontamination; dentistry (e.g., PLASMA ARC DENTAL CURING LIGHTS); and in other treatments (e.g., ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION).

The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Argon. A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.

The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

Gases that irritate the eyes, throat, or skin. Severe lacrimation develops upon irritation of the eyes.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.

The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.

A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.

Progressive mental disturbances and unconsciousness due to breathing mixtures of oxygen and inert gases (argon, helium, xenon, krypton, and atmospheric nitrogen) at high pressure.

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

The noninvasive measurement or determination of the partial pressure (tension) of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide locally in the capillaries of a tissue by the application to the skin of a special set of electrodes. These electrodes contain photoelectric sensors capable of picking up the specific wavelengths of radiation emitted by oxygenated versus reduced hemoglobin.

The processes of diffusion across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER, and the chemical reactions coupled with diffusion that effect the rate of PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE, generally at the alveolar level.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Stable xenon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element xenon, but differ in atomic weight. Xe-124, 126, 128-131, 134, and 136 are stable xenon isotopes.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

The act of blowing a powder, vapor, or gas into any body cavity for experimental, diagnostic, or therapeutic purposes.

That part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT or the air within the respiratory tract that does not exchange OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE with pulmonary capillary blood.

A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during WARFARE.

Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions and fluorocarbon blood substitutes.

A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A condition occurring as a result of exposure to a rapid fall in ambient pressure. Gases, nitrogen in particular, come out of solution and form bubbles in body fluid and blood. These gas bubbles accumulate in joint spaces and the peripheral circulation impairing tissue oxygenation causing disorientation, severe pain, and potentially death.

Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

The industry concerned with the removal of raw materials from the Earth's crust and with their conversion into refined products.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The application of medical knowledge to questions of law.

An activity in which the organism plunges into water. It includes scuba and bell diving. Diving as natural behavior of animals goes here, as well as diving in decompression experiments with humans or animals.

A solventless sample preparation method, invented in 1989, that uses a fused silica fiber which is coated with a stationary phase. It is used for sample cleanup before using other analytical methods.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).

A class of plant growth hormone isolated from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus causing Bakanae disease in rice. There are many different members of the family as well as mixtures of multiple members; all are diterpenoid acids based on the gibberellane skeleton.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The amount of a gas taken up, by the pulmonary capillary blood from the alveolar gas, per minute per unit of average pressure of the gradient of the gas across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

Any tests done on exhaled air.

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

A measure of the total greenhouse gas emissions produced by an individual, organization, event, or product. It is measured in units of equivalent kilograms of CARBON DIOXIDE generated in a given time frame.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

Decompression external to the body, most often the slow lessening of external pressure on the whole body (especially in caisson workers, deep sea divers, and persons who ascend to great heights) to prevent DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS. It includes also sudden accidental decompression, but not surgical (local) decompression or decompression applied through body openings.

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Conformations of Gly(n)H+ and Ala(n)H+ peptides in the gas phase. (1/1495)

High-resolution ion mobility measurements and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to probe the conformations of protonated polyglycine and polyalanine (Gly(n)H and Ala(n)H+, n = 3-20) in the gas phase. The measured collision integrals for both the polyglycine and the polyalanine peptides are consistent with a self-solvated globule conformation, where the peptide chain wraps around and solvates the charge located on the terminal amine. The conformations of the small peptides are governed entirely by self-solvation, whereas the larger ones have additional backbone hydrogen bonds. Helical conformations, which are stable for neutral Alan peptides, were not observed in the experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations for Ala(n)H+ peptides suggest that the charge destabilizes the helix, although several of the low energy conformations found in the simulations for the larger Ala(n)H+ peptides have small helical regions. (+info)

Renal and hemodynamic effects of losartan in conscious dogs during controlled mechanical ventilation. (2/1495)

In 12 conscious dogs, we investigated whether the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist losartan increases renal sodium excretion and urine volume during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) with positive end-expiratory pressure. In four experimental protocols, the dogs were extracellular volume (ECV) expanded (electrolyte solution, 0.5 ml. kg-1. min-1 iv) or not and received losartan (100 micrograms. kg-1. min-1 iv) or not. They breathed spontaneously during the 1st and 4th hour and received CMV with positive end-expiratory pressure (mean airway pressure 20 cmH2O) during the 2nd and 3rd hours. In the expansion group, dogs with losartan excreted approximately 18% more sodium (69 +/- 7 vs. 38 +/- 5 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and 15% more urine during the 2 h of CMV because of a higher glomerular filtration rate (5.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.2 ml. min-1. kg-1) and the tubular effects of losartan. In the group without expansion, sodium excretion (2.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.6 +/- 1.0 micromol. min-1. kg-1) and glomerular filtration rate (3.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.4 ml. min-1. kg-1) did not change, and urine volume decreased similarly in both groups during CMV. Plasma vasopressin and aldosterone increased in both groups, and plasma renin activity increased from 4.9 +/- 0.7 to 7.8 +/- 1.3 ng ANG I. ml-1. h-1 during CMV in nonexpanded dogs without losartan. Mean arterial pressure decreased by 10 mmHg in nonexpanded dogs with losartan. In conclusion, losartan increases sodium excretion and urine volume during CMV if the ECV is expanded. If the ECV is not expanded, a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and/or an increase in aldosterone and vasopressin during CMV attenuates the renal effects of losartan. (+info)

Spike generation from dorsal roots and cutaneous afferents by hypoxia or hypercapnia in the rat in vivo. (3/1495)

The present study aimed at investigating the responsiveness of different parts of the primary afferent neurones to a brief hypoxia, hypercapnia or ischaemia under in vivo conditions. Action potentials were recorded in separate groups of anaesthetized rats from (i) the peripheral end of the central stump of the cut L3, L4 or L5 dorsal root (dorsal root preparation); (ii) the central end of the peripheral stump of the cut saphenous nerve (saphenous-receptor preparation); (iii) the distal end of a segment of the saphenous nerve cut at both ends (axon preparation). In paralysed animals interruption of artificial ventilation for 20-60 s elicited or increased the frequency of action potentials in both the dorsal root and saphenous-receptor preparations. Activation of these preparations was also achieved by inspiration of gas mixtures containing 10-0% oxygen (mixed with nitrogen) or 20-50% carbon dioxide (mixed with oxygen) which elicited in the blood a decrease in PO2 or an increase in PCO2 with a fall in pH. Occlusion of the femoral artery for 3 min also caused spike generation in the saphenous-receptor preparations with little alteration in blood pressure. All these stimuli failed to evoke action potentials in the axon preparations. Systemic (300 mg kg-1 s.c.) or perineural (2%) capsaicin pretreatment failed to inhibit the effect of hypoxia, hypercapnia or ischaemia, indicating a significant contribution of capsaicin-insensitive neurones to the responses. It is concluded that central and peripheral terminals but not axons of primary afferent neurones are excited by a brief hypoxia or hypercapnia and the peripheral terminals by a short local ischaemia as well. Excitation of central terminals by hypoxia or hypercapnia revealed in this way an antidromic activation of dorsal roots in response to natural chemical stimuli. (+info)

Exercise gas transport determinants in elderly normotensive and hypertensive humans. (4/1495)

This study examined the effect of the phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker verapamil, on resting left ventricular (LV) function and O2 uptake rate (VO2) during exercise at maximal and submaximal work rates. Nine older hypertensive (71 years; OH), 10 older sedentary normotensive (69 years; OS), 10 older active (71 years; OA) and 10 young (24 years; Y) individuals volunteered. Studies were completed in the control condition and 4-6 h following 240 mg verapamil SR per os. Resting LV systolic (fractional shortening; FS) and diastolic (early: late (E/A) flow velocity ratio and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) were measured by Doppler echocardiography. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2,max) and, on subsequent test days, four transitions to and from a 6 min square wave exercise perturbation at a sub-anaerobic threshold intensity of 40 W (OH, OS, OA) or 100 W (Y) for determination of VO2 kinetics were performed on a cycle ergometer. Breath-by-breath VO2 transients were fitted with a monoexponential equation, starting at phase 2 of the response, while heart rate (HR) was fitted from phase 1, for the determination of the time constant of VO2 (tau VO2) and HR (tau HR). Baseline left ventricular FS was significantly greater in the OS (32%), OA (34%) and Y (34%) than in the OH (23%) groups, while E/A was significantly greater in the OA (1.16) and Y (2.34) than in the OH (0.9) and OS (0.82) groups (P < 0.05). Baseline VO2,max was higher and tau VO2 faster in the young (41.4 ml kg-1 min-1; 25.2 s) than in the older groups and in the OA (28.8 ml kg-1 min-1; 44.3 s) than in both OH (20.8 ml kg-1 min-1; 71.3 s) and OS (22.0 ml kg-1 min-1; 59.5 s) groups (P < 0.05). Heart rate kinetics showed similar differences to VO2 kinetics among the groups. After verapamil, no significant changes in FS, E/A or IVRT were observed in the OA and Y groups. In the OH group, FS (32%) and E/A (1.15) increased while IVRT decreased significantly (from 0.103 to 0.07; P < 0.05). In the OS group, only E/A increased significantly (0.82 to 1.0; P < 0.05). None of the exercise variables (VO2,max, tau VO2 or tau HR) were altered for the OA or Y groups. VO2,max increased (from 20.8 to 22.8 ml kg-1 min-1) in the OH and (from 22.0 to 24.1 ml kg-1 min-1) in the OS (P < 0.05). tau VO2 was accelerated from 71.3 to 49.2 s in the OH group and from 59.5 to 48.2 s in the OS group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that VO2 responses at maximal and submaximal work rates may be dependent upon the initial cardiac pump function of the study population. (+info)

Development of in-vitro-derived bovine embryos cultured in 5% CO2 in air or in 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2. (5/1495)

To evaluate the effects of a three gas mixture of 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2 (OCN) on preimplantation embryo development, bovine in-vitro fertilization (IVF) oocytes were cultured in a defined medium (mBECM) with various supplements either under 5% CO2 in air or under OCN. When cultured in mBECM alone, embryo development was significantly stimulated in OCN compared to 5% CO2 in air (experiment 1). In the OCN atmosphere, blastocyst formation was further increased after addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS; 10%) or FBS + cumulus granulosa cells (CGC) to mBECM. The ratio of blastocysts to 8-cell embryos, number of hatched blastocysts and embryo diameter were markedly increased, and zona thickness was decreased after FBS addition. However, development up to the morula stage was fully supported by mBECM alone. There was no significant effect of beta-mercaptoethanol (ME; 10 microM) in OCN. In the 5% CO2 atmosphere, embryo development was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced after addition of FBS + CGC + ME. In experiment 2, in OCN, FBS added at 60 h post-insemination was effective in stimulating blastocyst formation, but changes in medium volume per oocyte from 13.6 to 1.36 microliters had only a marginal effect. In conclusion, OCN gas mixture provides a suitable atmosphere for early embryo growth in vitro and mBECM + FBS in the optimal culture medium under this atmosphere. (+info)

Theoretical calculations of glycine and alanine gas-phase acidities. (6/1495)

The gas-phase acidities of glycine and alanine were determined by using a variety of high level theoretical methods to establish which of these would give the best results with accessible computational efforts. MP2, MP4, QCISD, G2 ab initio procedures, hybrid Becke3-LYP (B3LYP) and gradient corrected Becke-Perdew (BP) and Perdew-Wang and Perdew (PWP) nonlocal density functionals were used for the calculations. A maximum deviation of approximately 13 and 18 kJ/mol from experimental data was observed for the computed delta Hacid and delta Gacid values, respectively. The best result was obtained at G2 level, but comparable reliability was reached when the considerably less time consuming B3LYP, BP, and PWP density functional approaches were employed. (+info)

Elevation of blood pressure by genetic and pharmacological disruption of the ETB receptor in mice. (7/1495)

Exogenously administered endothelin (ET) elicits both pressor and depressor responses through the ETA and/or the ETB receptor on vascular smooth muscle cells and ETB on endothelial cells. To test whether ETB has pressor or depressor effects under basal physiological conditions, we determined arterial blood pressure (BP) in ETB-deficient mice obtained by crossing inbred mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the ETB gene with mice homozygous for the piebald (s) mutation of the ETB gene (ETBs/s). F1 ETB-/s and ETB+/s progeny share an identical genetic background but have ETB levels that are approximately (1)/(8) and (5)/(8), respectively, of wild-type mice (ETB+/+). BP in ETB-/s mice was significantly higher, by approximately 20 mmHg, than that in ETB+/s or ETB+/+ mice. Immunoreactive ET-1 concentration in plasma as well as respiratory parameters was not different between ETB-/s and ETB+/s mice. A selective ETB antagonist, BQ-788, increased BP in ETB+/s and ETB+/+ but not in ETB-/s mice. Pretreatment with indomethacin, but not with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, can attenuate the observed pressor response to BQ-788. The selective ETA antagonist BQ-123 did not ameliorate the increased BP in ETB-/s mice. Moreover, BP in mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the ETA gene was not different from that in wild-type controls. These results suggest that endogenous ET elicits a depressor effect through ETB under basal conditions, in part through tonic production of prostaglandins, and not through secondary mechanisms involving respiratory control or clearance of circulating ET. (+info)

Delayed ischemic preconditioning is mediated by opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the rabbit heart. (8/1495)

Cardioprotection from preconditioning reappears 24 h after the initial stimulus. This phenomenon is called the second window of protection (SWOP). We hypothesized that opening of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel mediates the protective effect of SWOP. Rabbits were preconditioned (PC) with four cycles of 5-min regional ischemia each followed by 10 min of reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, the animals were subjected to sustained ischemia for 30 min followed by 180 min of reperfusion (I/R). Glibenclamide (Glib, 0.3 mg/kg ip) or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 5 mg/kg iv) was used to block the KATP channel function. Infarct size was reduced from 41.2 +/- 2. 6% in sham-operated rabbits to 11.6 +/- 1.0% in PC rabbits, a 71% reduction (n = 11, P < 0.01). Treatment with Glib or 5-HD before I/R increased the infarct size to 43.4 +/- 2.6 and 37.8 +/- 1.9%, respectively (P < 0.01 vs. PC group, n = 12/group). Sham animals treated with either Glib or 5-HD had an infarct size of 39.0 +/- 3.4 and 37.8 +/- 1.5%, respectively, which was not different from control (40.0 +/- 3.8%) or sham (41.2 +/- 2.6%) I/R hearts. Monophasic action potential duration (APD) at 50% repolarization significantly shortened by 28.7, 26.6, and 23.3% in sham animals during 10, 20, and 30 min of ischemia. However, no further augmentation in the shortening of APD was observed in PC hearts. Glib and 5-HD significantly suppressed ischemia-induced epicardial APD shortening, suggesting that 5-HD may not be a selective blocker of the mitochondrial KATP channel in vivo. We conclude that SWOP is mediated by a KATP channel-sensitive mechanism that may have occurred because of the opening of the sarcolemmal KATP channel in vivo. (+info)

This method is well suited for removing dispersed and dissolved water, as well as dissolved gases. Adsorption purification, in ... The most common contaminants are: water; solid particles; gases; asphalt-resinous paraffin deposits; acids; oil sludge; ... contrast to the methods mentioned above, does not remove solid particles and gases, but it shows good results at removing water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_purification

Gas → gasos /ˈgas - ˈgazus/. Braç → braços /ˈbɾas - ˈbɾasus/. "Gas - gases." "Arm - arms." In some masculine nouns ending in -s ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_nouns

Other specialized tests, such as the arterial blood gas test, require blood extracted from an artery. Blood gas analysis of ... "Blood gases". NHS UK. Retrieved June 21, 2012. "Glucose tolerance test". Medline. Retrieved June 21, 2012. C. A. Burtis and E. ... Schumm test, a common test for blood mismatch Barbro Hjalmarsson Blood gas test Tumor Marker Cancer Assay "Venipuncture - the ... Also, respiratory therapists are trained to extract arterial blood to examine arterial blood gases. A basic metabolic panel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_test

An increase in temperature from greenhouse gases leading to increased water vapor (which is itself a greenhouse gas) causing ... "Greenhouse Gases , Monitoring References , National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved ... A runaway greenhouse effect occurs when a planet's atmosphere contains greenhouse gas in an amount sufficient to block thermal ... For example, it has been hypothesized that large releases of greenhouse gases may have occurred concurrently with the Permian- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaway_greenhouse_effect

ISBN 978-0-520-26877-7. "Deadly Gases". Oregon State University. "Which Way The Wind Blows - The Reykjavik Grapevine". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanic_eruptions_by_death_toll

"Greenhouse-Gas-Trading Markets." The Royal Society, June 2002. Articles Richard L. Sandor. "On the Interest Rate Futures Market ... "Trading Gases". Our Planet: The United Nations Environment Programme Magazine for Environmentally Sustainable Development, ... Richard L. Sandor, "Climate Change, Catastrophe Risk, and Global Response: Trading in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Offers the Best ... Heroes: Richard Sandor, His Market is a Gas. Time Magazine Special Report. August 26, 2002. Retrieved November 2011. UNCTAD, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_L._Sandor

KrF2 Krypton gas in a krypton fluoride laser absorbs energy from a source, causing the krypton to react with fluorine gas, ... tasteless noble gas that occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps ... Krypton gas is also combined with mercury to make luminous signs that glow with a bright greenish-blue light. Krypton is mixed ... 85Kr is an inert radioactive noble gas with a half-life of 10.76 years. It is produced by the fission of uranium and plutonium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton

Samples of ultracold atoms are typically prepared through the interactions of a dilute gas with a laser field. Evidence for ... Bloch, Immanuel; Dalibard, Jean; Nascimbène, Sylvain (2012). "Quantum simulations with ultracold quantum gases". Nature Physics ... Bloch, Immanuel (2008). "Quantum Gases". Science. 319 (5867): 1202-1203. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1202B. doi:10.1126/science. ... Wieman for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensate in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultracold_atom

Allow the gas to escape from the delivery-tube in the pneumatic trough until the issuing gas smells markedly of acetylene. Then ... Approximately 20% of acetylene is supplied by the industrial gases industry for oxyacetylene gas welding and cutting due to the ... This colorless gas (lower hydrocarbons are generally gaseous in nature) is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block ... If the air in the apparatus has not yet been completely displaced, the sample of gas will explode with a sharp report: if, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylene

Gas → gasos /ˈgas - ˈgazus ~ ˈgazos/. Braç → braços /ˈbɾas - ˈbɾasus ~ ˈbɾasos/. "Gas - gases." "Arm - arms." In some masculine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_grammar

The halogen is normally mixed with a noble gas, often krypton or xenon. The first lamps used only tungsten for filament ... The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten filament produces a halogen cycle chemical reaction which redeposits ... the gas pressure can be higher, which reduces the rate of evaporation of the filament, permitting it to run a higher ... crystalline form that leaks gas. This weakening may also cause the bulb to form a bubble, weakening it and leading to its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_lamp

In 1898 he was the first who coined the term noble gas (the original noun is Edelgas in German). Erdmann invented the name ... 572-572 Renouf, Edward (1901-02-15). "Noble gases". Science. 13 (320): 268-270. Bibcode:1901Sci....13..268R. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Erdmann

However, there are many problems with the use of suit inflation gas as an emergency breathing gas. Argon is a very narcotic gas ... The helium in the breathing gas trimix, which is used to avoid nitrogen narcosis on deep dives, gives the gas a high thermal ... 28 u), may cause less inert gas on-loading, if used as a decompression gas, instead of nitrox. The MOD of argox mixes ... The mixture is made with the same gas blending techniques used to make nitrox, except that for argox, the argon is added to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argox

... of fossil gas and declared it plans to replace all fossil gas by 2027. Greenpeace Energy's initial aim with its gas product was ... "Greenwashing Russian Gas? WTF is Pro Wind Gas Vegan Plus? Feat: Simon Wakter". Listen Notes. Retrieved 2021-02-26. "Case C-640/ ... As of 2020 the share of hydrogen oscillated below 1%. Sales of 99% fossil gas presented as "eco-gas" has been criticized as ... In order to be able to reduce the share of natural gas in proWindgas to zero by 2027, from 2021 on Greenpeace Energy is adding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace_Energy

de Swaan Arons, J.; Diepen, G. A. M. (1966). "Gas-Gas Equilibria". J. Chem. Phys. 44 (6): 2322. Bibcode:1966JChPh..44.2322D. ... de Swaan Arons, J.; Diepen, G. A. M. (2010). "Immiscibility of gases. The system He-Xe: (Short communication)". Recueil des ... In physics, condensation typically refers to a gas-liquid phase transition. In biology the term 'condensation' is used much ... although there have been reports of gas vesicles surrounded by a phase separated protein coat in the cytoplasm of some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_condensate

He has described policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as "Obamunism". He is a past president of the American ... ISBN 0-932790-89-5. The Satanic Gases. Cato Institute. May 15, 2000. pp. 224. ISBN 1-882577-92-2. Meltdown: The Predictable ... The Satanic Gases (2000), and Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media ... Satanic Gases (2002; as coauthor), Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Michaels

First, gases with a high concentration of carbon dioxide are produced. Such gases can be a byproduct of another process, such ... "Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Properties, Uses, Applications: CO2 Gas and Liquid Carbon Dioxide". Universal Industrial Gases, Inc. ... Dry ice is also useful for the de-gassing of flammable vapours from storage tanks - the sublimation of dry ice pellets inside ... Dry ice has fewer problems with storage, since it can be generated from compressed carbon dioxide gas as needed. Plumbers use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_ice

Transport in Gases". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 15 (1): 72-76. Bibcode:1947JChPh..15...72K. doi:10.1063/1.1746292. ISSN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gamble_Kirkwood

... industrial gases, bearings; precision instruments; environmental products; metalworking machinery and consumable items. DSCR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Supply_Center,_Richmond

In 1922, he visited Washington, D.C. for discussions on the use of gas in warfare. He visited a number of universities in the ... "The Rare Gases". The National Druggist. 53: 390. 1923. Retrieved 25 March 2019. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) ... During the war, he researched acrolein and sulfur mustard gas, working with Charles Dufraisse. This work led them to pioneering ... During the war, Moureu researched acrolein and sulfur mustard gas, working with his student Charles Dufraisse. Acrolein was an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Moureu

Lienhard, John (2005). "Gases and Force". Rain Steam & Speed. KUHF FM Radio. Wilson, George (15 January 1849). "On the Early ... the law describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_Revolution

He found that the gas sank to the bottom of an open bottle and was denser than ordinary air. He also noted that the gas was not ... Scheele's study of the gas not yet named oxygen was prompted by a complaint by Torbern Olof Bergman, a professor at Uppsala ... In all of these experiments, he isolated the same gas: his "fire air," which he believed combined with phlogiston in materials ... He called this gas with bleaching abilities, "dephlogisticated muriatic acid" (dephlogisticated hydrochloric acid, or oxidized ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele

The gas appears transparent in small tubes or when allowed to escape. The color observation was not repeated until the 1980s, ... English chemist George Gore also tried electrolyzing dry HF and may have made small quantities of fluorine gas in 1860. He ... While working with a cylinder of tetrafluoroethylene, he was unable to release the gas, although the weight had not changed. ... Asimov, Isaac (1966). The noble gases. Basic Books. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-465-05129-8. Partington, J. R. (1923). "The early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_fluorine

DAVID, W. T.; MANN, J. (October 1942). "Influence of Water Vapour on Flame Gas Temperatures". Nature. 150 (3809): 521-522. doi: ... DAVID, W. T.; PUGH, B. (June 1940). "Latent Energy and Dissociation in Flame Gases". Nature. 145 (3684): 896-897. doi:10.1038/ ... DAVID, W. T.; MANN, J. (October 1942). "Influence of Water Vapour on Flame Gas Temperatures". Nature. 150 (3809): 521-522. doi: ... DAVID, W. T. (September 1943). "Temperature of Flame Gases". Nature. 152 (3853): 278-278. doi:10.1038/152278a0. DAVID, W. T.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomas_David

Transport in Gases". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 15 (1): 72-76. Bibcode:1947JChPh..15...72K. doi:10.1063/1.1746292. M. ... Fokker-Planck equation Vlasov equation Harold Grad (1949). On the kinetic theory of rarefied gases. Communications on pure and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBGKY_hierarchy

Pryce Gases, Inc.; Rikio Southeast Asia; and the 147-megawatt coal-fired Salcon Power Corporation plant. In December 2015, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naga,_Cebu

Swindle, T. D. (2002-01-01). "Martian Noble Gases". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 47 (1): 171-190. doi:10.2138/rmg. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)

... therefore the earliest engines used gas mixtures. Early experimenters used gases. In 1806, Swiss engineer François Isaac de ... A later version was propelled by coal gas. A Delamare-Deboutteville vehicle was patented and trialled in 1884. About 1870, in ... Innovations during the 1960s included NSU's Wankel engine, the gas turbine, and the turbocharger. Of these, only the last ... Belgian-born Etienne Lenoir's Hippomobile with a hydrogen-gas-fuelled one-cylinder internal combustion engine made a test drive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile

Natural gas at standard condition shall mean the quantity of natural gas, which at a temperature of fifteen (15) Celsius ... Association, Compressed Gas (2012-12-06). Compressed Gas Handbook. ISBN 9781461306733. Retrieved 22 Nov 2017. "Chapter 3, ... Natural gas - Standard reference conditions. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. 1996. Gas ... If you want the program to treat the material as an ideal gas, the density will be assumed given by M/V, where M is the gram ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_conditions_for_temperature_and_pressure

... the vessel is subjected to a vacuum to remove gases and water, and then refilled with inert gas. This cycle is usually repeated ... Dissolved gases evolve first; once the solvent starts to evaporate, noted by condensation outside the flask walls, the flask is ... Water is removed by piping the gas through a column of desiccant such as phosphorus pentoxide or molecular sieves. Air- and ... Thereafter, the stopcock is closed and the solvent is thawed in warm water, allowing trapped bubbles of gas to escape. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-free_technique

Agricultures greenhouse gas emissions on the rise. Detailed assessments of both emissions data and mitigation options needed ... Greenhouse gases resulting from biological processes in rice paddies that generate methane make up 10 percent of total ... This is the first time that FAO has released its own global estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture, ... Carbon dioxide equivalents, or CO2 eq, is a metric used to compare emissions from different greenhouse gases based on their ...

http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/216137/icode/

Argon may be used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography and in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; it is the gas of ... It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas.[5] Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earths atmosphere, ... Argon is used in some types of arc welding such as gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding, as well as in the ... This chemical property of this first noble gas to be discovered impressed the namers.[11][12] An unreactive gas was suspected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon

Fluorinated gases (F-gases) are man-made gases that can stay in the atmosphere for centuries and contribute to a global ... The F-gas Regulation adopts an approach based on containment and recovery of F-gases as well as imposing obligations on ... Greenhouse gas Montreal Protocol Refrigerant "Climate change indicators - Atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases - ... F-gases are a subgroup of the halogenated gases, the majority of which are halocarbons that include fluorine, but do not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorinated_gases

Mox-Linde Gases Sdn. Bhd. (formerly known as Malaysia Oxygen Berhad or MOX) was Malaysias leading industrial gases company. ... MOX-Linde Gases website[permanent dead link] Linde HiQ Specialty Gases website v t e. ... special and medical gases, installations of gas equipment, pipelines and engineering services. MOX also offer packaged ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Rob Cockerill (18 January 2012). "New year, new name - MOX-Linde Gases rebrands as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mox-Linde_Gases

Soil gases are the gases found in the air space between soil components. The primary soil gases include nitrogen, carbon ... Other natural soil gases are atmospheric methane and radon. Some environmental contaminants below ground produce gas which ... Gas molecules in soil are in continuous thermal motion according to the kinetic theory of gases, there is also collision ... Gases fill soil pores in the soil structure as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_gas

David Johnson of The Open University uses balloons to demonstrate the difference between the noble gases in this extract from ... Noble gases - the gases in Group 18 , The Chemistry Journey , The Fuse School - Duration: 4:12. FuseSchool - Global Education ... Lighting up Noble Gases with a Tesla Coil - Duration: 3:14. TESLASCIENCE HACKS 9,187 views ... Separation of noble gases (DEWARS METHOD)....Prayaag Educational Services(Prayaag Eduserv) - Duration: 1:59. Prayaag Eduserv ...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLrofyj6a2s

Industrial agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions - but what if there was a way to sustainably... ... Energy-generating artificial plants turn greenhouse gases into clean air. *by Lacy Cooke ...

https://inhabitat.com/tag/greenhouse-gases/

Find the best Gas around and get detailed driving directions with road conditions, live traffic updates, and reviews of local ... One Stop Gas & Grocery 400 S Beeline Hwy ,. Payson, AZ 85541 * Maverik Adventures First Stop 715 N Beeline Highway ,. Payson, ...

https://www.mapquest.com/search/results?layer=gas&query=Gas&queryId=sic:554101&boundingBox=34.267147552575444,-111.36823654174804,34.20569774640114,-111.26163482666015&page=0

ChemistryThe Kinetic Molecular Theory of GasesWhat Are Gases?The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases: Why Gases Do What They ... DoWhy This Is Important: Ideal GasesImportant Terms and UnitsHow Fast Do Gas Molecules Move? ... The following are general properties of gases:. *Gases dont have a fixed shape. Gases fill the nooks and crannies of whatever ... Gases can be easily compressed. Because theres a lot of space between the molecules in a gas, you can easily squish them down ...

https://www.infoplease.com/math-science/chemistry/chemistry-what-are-gases

Rare Gases Discovery and isolation Properties Abundance and production Uses Resources Source for information on Rare Gases: The ... The rare gases, also known as the noble gases or the inert gases, are a group of six gaseous elements found in small amounts in ... Inert Gas , inert gas or noble gas, any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table. In order of increasing atomic number ... the rare gases were widely referred to as the inert gases. Because the rare gases are so unreactive, they are harmless to ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rare-gases-0

A gas holder, or gasometer, is a large container in which natural gas or town gas is stored near atmospheric pressure at ... Gas is stored in the holder throughout the day, when little gas is being used. At about 5 pm there is a great demand for gas, ... A gas holder provided storage for the purified, metered gas. It acted as a buffer, removing the need for continuous gas ... The weight of the gas holder lift (cap) controlled the pressure of the gas in the mains, and provided back pressure for the gas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_holder

Ritter cites an unpublished study in which 80 percent of 27 users reported improvement in their symptoms (which include gas, ... which could then produce protective enzymes that would shield against excess gas. But forget company claims about calming the ...

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/26/AR2005112600059.html

51-8092 Gas Plant Operators. Distribute or process gas for utility companies and others by controlling compressors to maintain ... Oil and Gas Extraction 1,210. 0.85. $34.82. $72,430. Geographic profile for this occupation: Top. States and areas with the ... Natural Gas Distribution 4,890. 4.47. $36.09. $75,060. Chemical Manufacturing (3251, 3252, 3253, and 3259 only) 360. 0.10. $ ... Oil and Gas Extraction 1,210. 0.85. $34.82. $72,430. Local Government, excluding schools and hospitals (OES Designation) 1,060 ...

https://www.bls.gov/oes/CURRENT/oes518092.htm

... of cloud of frozen gas poison jagged fragment jew iranian iraqi bombs sun the first cyanide gas warning vx nerve gas ... Welcome to the VX Gas Attack. at ground zero pro independence heavier than air fumes city of chemical alleged cyanide gas on to ... VX Gas Attack Lyrics: Welcome to the morning news. In its long and deadly war with Iraq, Iran has repeatedly sought ... 4:09) Were analyzing water, soil, and human tissue samples to get clearer information about the gas attack. Meanwhile, doctors ...

http://home.earthlink.net/~coreygoldberg/songs/vxgas.htm

With regards to climate change, this commitment translates to actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the ... Greenhouse Gases. Vanderbilt has committed to striving to achieve the highest standards of sustainability through a process of ... Greenhouse Gases. Vanderbilt is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions at the university, departmental, and ... 2010 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Update, Published October 2011. *2005-2009 Updated Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, ...

https://www.vanderbilt.edu/sustainvu/what-we-do/greenhouse-gases/

As increasing the demand of energy all over the world, the consumption of natural gas is also increasing. The offshore gas ... With increasing consumption of natural gas, the safety of liquefied natural gas (LNG) utilization has become a challenge that ... Over decades of operation, refinery fuel gas systems have become the repository for purge gases from Fluidized Catalytic ... Gas Cleanup Using Elastic Layered Metal-Organic Framework Adsorbents. Conference Presentation. AIChE Spring Meeting and Global ...

https://www.aiche.org/topics/chemicals-materials/industrial-gases

The massive natural gas leak discovered in October at a Southern California Gas Company facility in Aliso Canyon... ... A BP oil and gas well in Alaska blew out late last week, uncontrollably spilling crude oil and gas just around... ... Huge natural gas leak in CA has the impact of burning 300 million gallons of gasoline. *by Cat DiStasio ... BP oil and gas spill near the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge under control. *by Lacy Cooke ...

https://inhabitat.com/tag/natural-gas/

... monatomic gases, with very low chemical reactivity. The six noble gases that occur naturally are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon ... is probably not a noble gas.[1] Instead, group 14 member ununquadium exhibits noble-gas-like properties.[2] ... and it has only been possible to prepare a few hundred noble gas compounds. The melting and boiling points for each noble gas ... The noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless ...

http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Noble_gas.html

... most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. Many gases such as air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, noble gases, and ... An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly-moving, non-interacting point particles. The ideal gas concept ... real gases undergo a phase transition, such as to a liquid or a solid. The model of an ideal gas, however, does not describe or ... "gas in a box"). The Ideal Gas model has also been used to model the behavior of electrons in a metal (in the Drude model and ...

http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Ideal_gas.html

Reliable-Ultra Plumbing and Heating, from its base in London, offers gas and heating services to private residents, landlords ... Our plumbing and heating engineers are Gas Safe™ registered and are fully equipped to deal with even the most challenging of ...

https://web.archive.org/web/20170110013424/http:/gasheatingplumbing.com/gas

... constructing roads and new oil and gas well pads, and servicing existing ones. Oil and gas extraction workers face significant ... Sudden deaths among oil and gas extraction workers resulting from oxygen deficiency and inhalation of hydrocarbon gases and ... There were 540,000 workers employed in the U.S. oil and gas extraction (OGE) sector in 2015; nearly two-thirds were employed as ... While field studies are ongoing, much more work remains to fully characterize dermal hazards to workers in the oil and gas ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/about/strategicplan/immoil.html

Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas 40. 0.14. $22.74. $47,290. Geographic profile for this occupation: Top. States and areas ... 47-5071 Roustabouts, Oil and Gas. Assemble or repair oil field equipment using hand and power tools. Perform other tasks as ...

https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes475071.htm

All oil and gas extraction workers. Surveillance research. C. Fatal and non-fatal injuries. Interventions (e.g., technologies ... The oil and gas extraction industry employs approximately 541,000 workers (2015) and suffers from a high rate of occupational ... 2013]. Nearly every worker in the oil and gas extraction sector drives as part of their job. Well sites are often located in ... Retzer KD, Hill R, Pratt SG [2013]. Motor vehicle fatalities among oil and gas extraction workers. Accid Anal Prev 51:168-174. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/about/strategicplan/trauoil.html

Gas analysis -- Comparison methods for the determination of the composition of gas mixtures based on one- and two-point ... Gas analysis -- Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods -- Part 1: Methods of calibration ... Gas analysis -- Preparation of calibration gas mixtures -- Dynamic volumetric methods -- Part 3: Periodic injections into a ... Gas analysis -- Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods -- Part 7: Thermal mass-flow ...

https://www.iso.org/committee/53314/x/catalogue/

Greenhouse Gases Emissions The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) seeks to recruit a Scientist - Greenhouse ... This is in light of increasing demands from the Livestock CRP and CCAFS to measure greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, ... Conduct agronomic, livestock productivity and greenhouse gas (GHG) measurements for different land use systems in sub-Saharan ... Considerable practical knowledge of techniques and experience with equipment used in the measurement of greenhouse gas ...

https://eldis.org/job/greenhouse-gases-emissions

... Lead Guest Editor: Ian Clark. Guest Editors: James Hendry, Jean-Michel Matray, Douglas K. Solomon, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/geofluids/si/172036/

... heating device in which natural gas is used for fuel. Gas may be supplied to the burner prior to combustion at a pressure ... Gas burner, heating device in which natural gas is used for fuel. Gas may be supplied to the burner prior to combustion at a ... Most ovens are heated by gas burned within the chamber, although oil or electricity may be used. Burners are sometimes isolated ... hollow iron flue containing iron baffles arranged to lengthen the travel of the escaping gases in order to… ...

https://www.britannica.com/technology/gas-burner

Like Sylvia Grossman (Letters, April 11), I, too, have been wondering about the rising gasoline prices and I am surprised that more people have not questioned these increases.A month ago the price

http://articles.latimes.com/1985-04-21/opinion/op-13355_1_unleaded-gas-prices-gasoline

Ad blocker detected: Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors. Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker on our website ...

https://eskimo.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=141

... today announced that it has selected Capita as its preferred bidder to run the new registration scheme for gas installers from ... Under the Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regulations 1998 for a gas engineering business to legally undertake gas work that ... Gas Safe Register. Gas Safe Register maintain the register of businesses and operatives who are competent to undertake both ... The Gas Safe Register have a team of inspectors who monitor that gas work is being undertaken competently and safely. They deal ...

https://www.hse.gov.uk/Gas/domestic/newschemecontract.htm

The rare gases, also known as the noble gases or the inert gases, are a group of six gaseous elements found in small amounts in the atmosphere: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). (encyclopedia.com)
The noble gases are a group of chemical elements with very similar properties: under standard conditions, they are all odorless, colorless, monatomic gases, with very low chemical reactivity . (princeton.edu)
The six noble gases that occur naturally are helium (He) , neon (Ne) , argon (Ar) , krypton (Kr) , xenon (Xe) , and the radioactive radon (Rn) . (princeton.edu)
For the first six periods of the periodic table, the noble gases are exactly the members of group 18 of the periodic table . (princeton.edu)
Noble gases have several important applications in industries such as lighting, welding, and space exploration. (princeton.edu)
Many gases such as air , nitrogen , oxygen , hydrogen , noble gases , and some heavier gases like carbon dioxide can be treated like ideal gases within reasonable tolerances. (princeton.edu)

Greenhouse gases resulting from biological processes in rice paddies that generate methane make up 10 percent of total agricultural emissions, while the burning of savannahs accounts for 5 percent. (fao.org)
Other natural soil gases are atmospheric methane and radon. (wikipedia.org)
Soil gases can diffuse into buildings, the chief concerns among these pollutants are radon which is radioactive and causes cancer and methane which can be flammable at only 4.4% concentration. (wikipedia.org)
Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is widely used for the mass production of synthesis gas and hydrogen. (aiche.org)
German researchers have "cracked" the code for breaking down methane from natural gas without creating carbon. (inhabitat.com)
The rapid growth of natural gas extraction sites, especially when they are near communities, has raised public concerns over water quality impacts, methane emissions, seismicity and other issues. (ncsl.org)
Wetlands are unique ecosystems, which - under natural conditions - are the single largest natural source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) but at the same time an important sink for the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2). (innovations-report.com)
Despite methane being 28 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (in a 100 year time span), the conversion of natural wetlands into agricultural or forested ecosystems and its associated decrease in methane emissions still leads to an overall warming effect. (innovations-report.com)
Methane -- or CH4 -- is a main component of natural gas. (ehow.com)
The law targets carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydroflurocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride, gases that are identified in the Kyoto Protocol, the international agreement on global warming. (latimes.com)
The heat caused by infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, and methane, which slows its escape from the atmosphere. (treehugger.com)
Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and certain synthetic chemicals, trap some of the Earth's outgoing energy, thus retaining heat in the atmosphere. (epa.gov)
Methane comes from many sources, including human activities such as coal mining, natural gas production and distribution, waste decomposition in landfills, and digestive processes in livestock and agriculture. (epa.gov)
Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. (epa.gov)

Composition of air in soil and atmosphere: Nitrogen: Soil Air: 79.2% Atmosphere: 79.0% Oxygen: Soil Air: 20.6% Atmosphere: 20.9% Carbon Dioxide: Soil Air: 0.25% Atmosphere: 0.04% Gas molecules in soil are in continuous thermal motion according to the kinetic theory of gases, there is also collision between molecules - a random walk. (wikipedia.org)

It also fails for most heavy gases, such as water vapor or many refrigerants . (princeton.edu)

The primary soil gases include nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Ramsay eventually concluded that the nitrogen obtained from chemical reactions was pure, but nitrogen extracted from the air contained small amounts of an unknown gas which accounted for the density discrepancy. (encyclopedia.com)
A helium-oxygen breathing gas is often used by deep-sea divers at depths of seawater over 180 feet (55 m) to keep the diver from experiencing oxygen toxemia , the lethal effect of high-pressure oxygen, and nitrogen narcosis , the distracting narcotic effect of the nitrogen in air beyond this partial-pressure threshold. (princeton.edu)
Nitrogen trifluoride is produced by industrial gas and chemical companies. (worldatlas.com)
Hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and nitrogen trifluoride are synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. (epa.gov)

A report from the office of Canada's auditor general last week criticized the past and current governments for failing to curb the increase in greenhouse gases that has accompanied the boom. (washingtonpost.com)
The carbon dioxide released during oil production accounted for 28 percent of Canada's increase in greenhouse gas emissions since 1990, the report noted. (washingtonpost.com)
However, beginning in the late 1700s, the net global effect of human activities has been a continual increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. (epa.gov)
SAN FRANCISCO - At least three companies are hoping to bring supersonic airplanes back into the skies, but environmental groups worry their return could mean a big increase in greenhouse gasses from aviation. (usatoday.com)

The most common F-gases are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which contain hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. (wikipedia.org)

Sulfur hexafluoride is an electrical insulator, and generally is used in the form of a liquefied compressed gas. (worldatlas.com)
The odor comes from bacteria in the large intestine that release small amounts of gases that contain sulfur. (medlineplus.gov)

It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas . (wikipedia.org)
The rare gases form group 18 of the periodic table of elements. (encyclopedia.com)
However, this no longer holds in the seventh period (due to relativistic effects): the next member of group 18, ununoctium , is probably not a noble gas. (princeton.edu)

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) for power generation has the inherent potential of enriching CO 2 from flue gases with low energy penalty compared. (aiche.org)
The main challenge, next to prevention of condensation of water from the flue gases in the air inlet system, is the stability of combustion due the reduced oxygen concentration in the oxidizer (air mixed flue gas). (tudelft.nl)

They are also monatomic gases which means that they exist as individual atoms. (encyclopedia.com)

In any case, the researchers calculate that burning mandated conventional biofuels-those whose emissions of greenhouse gases are 20 percent lower than a gallon of gasoline-will backfire with respect to the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. (reason.com)
Larger emissions of greenhouse gases lead to higher concentrations in the atmosphere. (epa.gov)

Humans may suffocate around this gas, if exposed to high concentrations. (worldatlas.com)
To determine the climate impact of the conversion, we used the difference of the net ecosystem carbon balance between the site pairs as series of consecutive annual mass pulses and integrated their effect on tropospheric greenhouse gas concentrations" explains GFZ researcher Sachs. (innovations-report.com)
Current versions of the CARDs can each detect only one type of gas, but a phone can read multiple CARDs to get input on many different gases, down to concentrations of parts per million. (eurekalert.org)
The conventional wisdom in meteorology has been that certain factors such as the complete oceanic state and the exact concentrations of greenhouse gases are of minor importance for a normal weather forecast. (realclimate.org)
Until now, it has been assumed that factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations play a minor role for the skill of the seasonal forecasts. (realclimate.org)
The implications of these findings are quite subtle, but important: we are already feeling the climatic effects of rising greenhouse gas concentrations. (realclimate.org)
Impact of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in seasonal ensemble forecasts. (realclimate.org)
What are the trends in greenhouse gas emissions and concentrations and their impacts on human health and the environment? (epa.gov)
These long-lived greenhouse gases become globally mixed in the atmosphere and their concentrations reflect past and recent contributions from emissions sources worldwide. (epa.gov)
Greenhouse gas concentrations are measured in parts per million, parts per billion, and even parts per trillion. (epa.gov)
To learn more about the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, visit the Climate Change Indicators: Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases page. (epa.gov)

[5] Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere , at 0.934% (9340 ppmv ). (wikipedia.org)
Fluorinated gases (F-gases) are man-made gases that can stay in the atmosphere for centuries and contribute to a global greenhouse effect. (wikipedia.org)
Although rare gases is used often to describe these elements, they are only rare in abundance relative to other gases found in the atmosphere of Earth. (encyclopedia.com)
caption]There are different gases in the atmosphere. (universetoday.com)
Scientists from BOC explain how gases are removed from the atmosphere, used in food packaging and transported around the world. (rsc.org)
Put simply, they argue that there is not enough carbon dioxide gas ( CO 2 ) that could practically be put back into Mars' atmosphere in order to warm Mars, a crucial step in any proposed terraforming process. (universetoday.com)
These data have provided substantial new information on the history of easily vaporized (volatile) materials like CO 2 and H 2 O on the planet, the abundance of volatiles locked up on and below the surface, and the loss of gas from the atmosphere to space. (universetoday.com)
Prior to industrialization, this gas did not exist in the atmosphere. (worldatlas.com)
The overall balance of these two differently active greenhouse gases and thus the climate footprint of a wetland over different time spans depend on the relative sign and magnitude of these ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes. (innovations-report.com)
When too many of these gases go into the Earth's atmosphere, it can result in an increase in global temperatures that is known as the greenhouse effect. (ehow.com)
Normally, CO2 gas emitted into the atmosphere is removed in roughly equal amounts by oceans and plants. (ehow.com)
25 November 2008, Rome/Accra - Although Africa contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from sources other than fossil fuels, it could be absorbing more carbon from the atmosphere than it puts back in, according to CarboAfrica, an international research project of 15 institutions from Africa and Europe that includes FAO. (fao.org)
Although greenhouse gases make up only about 1 percent of the Earth's atmosphere, they regulate our climate by trapping heat and holding it in a kind of warm-air blanket that surrounds the planet. (treehugger.com)
The problems begin when human activities distort and accelerate the natural process by creating more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere than are necessary to warm the planet to an ideal temperature. (treehugger.com)
Burning natural gas, coal, and oil, including gasoline for automobile engines, raises the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, upsetting a balance between the release and capture of the gas by plants and algae. (treehugger.com)
Trees use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen in its place, which helps to create the optimal balance of gases in the atmosphere. (treehugger.com)
As more farming occurs to feed millions of new people, more greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere. (treehugger.com)
Ultimately, more greenhouse gases mean more infrared radiation trapped and held, which gradually increases the temperature of the Earth's surface , the air in the lower atmosphere, and ocean waters. (treehugger.com)
Many greenhouse gases are extremely long-lived in the atmosphere, with some remaining airborne for tens to hundreds of years after being released. (epa.gov)
Larger image to save or print Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases. (epa.gov)
This section provides information on emissions and removals of the main greenhouse gases to and from the atmosphere. (epa.gov)
Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, and also as a result of certain chemical reactions (e.g., manufacture of cement). (epa.gov)
Each of these gases can remain in the atmosphere for different amounts of time, ranging from a few years to thousands of years. (epa.gov)
All of these gases remain in the atmosphere long enough to become well mixed, meaning that the amount that is measured in the atmosphere is roughly the same all over the world, regardless of the source of the emissions. (epa.gov)
For each greenhouse gas, a Global Warming Potential (GWP) has been calculated to reflect how long it remains in the atmosphere, on average, and how strongly it absorbs energy. (epa.gov)

Conventional biofuels, such as corn ethanol, are supposed to emit 20 percent less greenhouse gases than gasoline. (reason.com)
Without these cuts, Durham is forecast to emit more than 10 million tons of greenhouse gases annually within the next two decades. (indyweek.com)
Under this kind of trading, the country would swap the right to emit carbon dioxide gas in return for investing in carbon-absorbing projects. (washingtonpost.com)
Challengers to the EPA climate program range from governments of states and municipalities where employment and tax revenue depend on industries that emit greenhouse gasses, to business lobby groups such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (huffingtonpost.com)

As a group in year 2019, these unnatural man-made gases are responsible for about one-tenth of the direct radiative forcing from all long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gases. (wikipedia.org)

Industrial agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions - but what if there was a way to sustainably. (inhabitat.com)
CO2 from fossil fuel consumption is the best known source of greenhouse gas, though certainly not the only one. (worldatlas.com)

They are powerful greenhouse gases that can have a significant impact on global warming. (parliament.uk)

The rare gases are all colorless, odorless, and tasteless. (encyclopedia.com)

Water gas shift (WGS) and deep CO removal are critical for hydrogen production and low-temperature fuel cell applications. (aiche.org)
Oil and gas extraction workers face significant risks for a variety of acute and chronic exposures, including hydrogen sulfide, potentially lethal exposures to hydrocarbons [CDC 2016], respirable crystalline silica, acid gases, drilling muds, diesel particulate matter, naturally occurring radioactive material and lead. (cdc.gov)
Due to the increasing focus on the reduction of carbon emissions in combination with the increasing share of renewable future land based gas turbine installations will run on other fuels like hydrogen or (waste) gases from biomass gasification. (tudelft.nl)
Gas turbine based power plants are very well positioned to convert the hydrogen back to power, because of their high efficiency (~60%), installed capacity and inherent flexibility. (tudelft.nl)
Pertaining to gas turbine combustion, hydrogen is a highly reactive fuel and presents challenges for existing combustors to switch between natural gas and hydrogen while remaining stable and with NOx emissions always below stringent limits. (tudelft.nl)
TU Delft cooperates in the HighHydrogen project with other companies on the development on a 100% premixed hydrogen gas turbine burner based upon the Flamesheet TM technology. (tudelft.nl)
Using this system, the researchers have demonstrated that they can detect gaseous ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, and cyclohexanone, among other gases. (eurekalert.org)

The move gives EPA authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions in Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, and Wyoming, and it will disapprove part of Texas' Clean Air Act permit program. (go.com)
Senate Republicans failed in their attempt in June to pass a bill that would have stripped the EPA of its authority to regulate greenhouse gases . (go.com)
The Supreme Court ruled in 2007 ruling that the EPA had the authority to regulate greenhouses gases using the Clean Air Act if it determined carbon dioxide emissions endanger public health. (huffingtonpost.com)

Carbon dioxide is widely reported as the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas because it currently accounts for the greatest portion of the warming associated with human activities. (epa.gov)

Sudden deaths among oil and gas extraction workers resulting from oxygen deficiency and inhalation of hydrocarbon gases and vapors - United States, January 2010-March 2015. (cdc.gov)
According to many proposals, this would be followed by the introduction of photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, which would slowly convert the atmospheric CO 2 into oxygen gas and elemental carbon. (universetoday.com)
Blood gases may also be used to monitor treatment for lung diseases and to evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental oxygen therapy. (labcorp.com)
A blood gas analysis is ordered when someone has symptoms of an oxygen/carbon dioxide or pH imbalance, such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, nausea, or vomiting. (labcorp.com)
When someone is "on oxygen" (ventilation), blood gases may be measured at intervals to monitor the effectiveness of treatment. (labcorp.com)

F-gases are used in a number of applications intended for climate change mitigation, that can generate further positive feedback for atmospheric heating. (wikipedia.org)
If recent trends of aggressive (5% and greater CAGR) annual growth for such types of F-gas production were to continue into the future without complimentary reductions in GWP and/or atmospheric leakage, their warming influence could soon rival those of CO2 and CH4 which are trending at less than about 2% annual growth. (wikipedia.org)
A gas holder , or gasometer , is a large container in which natural gas or town gas is stored near atmospheric pressure at ambient temperatures . (wikipedia.org)
CF4 is a strong greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and has an atmospheric lifetime of 50,000 years. (worldatlas.com)
The different radiative efficiencies and atmospheric residence times of the greenhouse gases were accounted for when the radiative forcing was calculated for the period from 2000 - 2100. (innovations-report.com)

At normal conditions such as standard temperature and pressure , most real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas. (princeton.edu)
[ 1 ] At some point of low temperature and high pressure, real gases undergo a phase transition , such as to a liquid or a solid . (princeton.edu)
To a first approximation, molecule-molecule collisions do not affect the ideal gas equation of state, p v = R T , but real gases at nonzero densities show deviations from this equation that are due to interactions among the molecules. (britannica.com)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) calculates that substituting biofuels for gasoline and diesel will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 138 million metric tons by that time. (reason.com)
After crunching the numbers this means that the biodiesel mandate in which the fuels are supposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent of the fossil fuel equivalent is a wash-no increase in emissions, but no reductions either. (reason.com)
Environmental groups say they believe the oil producers could greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions through such techniques as burying the carbon dioxide. (washingtonpost.com)

The most noticeable feature of the rare gases is their lack of chemical reactivity. (encyclopedia.com)

Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to greenhouse gases, other related factors, including other radiatively important substances and albedo, can alter the Earth's climate. (epa.gov)
Certain substances are technically not greenhouse gases due to their physical state, but they nonetheless affect the Earth's energy balance. (epa.gov)
Some gases are more effective than others at making the planet warmer and "thickening the Earth's blanket. (epa.gov)

Helium was the first of the rare gases to be discovered. (encyclopedia.com)
Helium, neon, and argon do not combine with any other atoms to form compounds, and it has been only in the last few decades that compounds of the other rare gases have been prepared. (encyclopedia.com)
Helium is typically separated from natural gas , and radon is usually isolated from the radioactive decay of dissolved radium compounds. (princeton.edu)
With a minor exception, the resulting values of (T - T 90 ) are mutually consistent within 3 ×10 -1 T . These consistent measurements were obtained using helium and argon as thermometric gases inside cavities that had radii ranging from 40mm to 90 mm and that had walls made of copper or aluminium or stainless steel. (nist.gov)

American Petroleum Institute spokeswoman Karen Matusic noted that oil hitting the century mark should spur efforts to "explore for more oil and natural gas. (slate.com)
Last week, NET Power officially began operations at its 50-megawatt, emissions-free natural gas power plant in. (inhabitat.com)
Natural gas peaker plants step in when electricity demand is high, but their days could be numbered. (inhabitat.com)
A leaking natural gas pipeline in Cook Inlet, Alaska won't be fixed until the ice melts - continuing to flow. (inhabitat.com)
In a troubling decision, California state regulators could allow the Aliso Canyon natural gas site near Los Angeles. (inhabitat.com)
If natural gas is a bridge fuel to a clean energy future, as politicians from President Barack Obama to presidential. (inhabitat.com)
Inhabitat has previously reported on an extensive and ongoing natural gas leak in the Los Angeles area. (inhabitat.com)
The massive natural gas leak discovered in October at a Southern California Gas Company facility in Aliso Canyon. (inhabitat.com)
In California, where the environment is already endangered by severe drought, a natural gas leak has quietly released. (inhabitat.com)
Gas burner , heating device in which natural gas is used for fuel. (britannica.com)
Where will it come from if we don't drill for natural gas? (treehugger.com)
Income for farmers, or fracked natural gas-will communities be allowed to decide? (treehugger.com)
Gas Safe Register maintain the register of businesses and operatives who are competent to undertake both piped natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) work in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man and Guernsey. (hse.gov.uk)
The Oil, Gas, and Minerals Division (OGMD) of the Michigan department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) is tasked with administering the statute and rules subject to Part 615, Supervisor of Wells, of the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, 1994, PA 451, as amended (NREPA). (michigan.gov)
Michigan's oil and gas regulations are designed to provide excellent protection of the environment, natural resources, public health, public safety, and property, during oil and gas development activities. (michigan.gov)
The M.S. Natural Gas Engineering and Management (NGEM) online program is designed to integrate the technical and commercial aspects of natural gas into a graduate degree program. (ou.edu)
The intent is to provide post-graduate education to qualified students and further prepare them with technical skills and commercial knowledge to fill the demand for professionals in the rapidly growing natural gas industry without interupting their current careers or their families. (ou.edu)
The NGEM program provides individuals with a system view of the full-value chain of natural gas. (ou.edu)
No other online master´s degree with an emphasis on natural gas is presently offered by any state university in Oklahoma, the nation, or the world. (ou.edu)
Must have a Bachelor's Degree in engineering and/or industry eperience in natural gas midstream or downstream sector. (ou.edu)
The Certificate in Natural Gas Technology program is designed to provide educational resources and tools for success in the technical aspects of the growing natural gas industry. (ou.edu)
It is perfect for those wishing to acquire the basic educational experience in order to improve performance in their current positions in the natural gas field without the cost or time associated with a master's program. (ou.edu)
In addition to the regular tuition and fees , each Certificate in Natural Gas Technology student will be charged a one-time fee of $2,000 at the beginning of their certificate program. (ou.edu)
Financial assistance is not available for those seeking a Certificate in Natural Gas Technology. (ou.edu)
Students wishing to apply for the Certificate in Natural Gas Technology will use the on-line application available through OU's Graduate Admissions. (ou.edu)
In the past ten years, natural gas in the Gulf Region has been 8-10 times cheaper than in the US, Europe and Asia. (forbes.com)
[i] The shale gas development in the US was already in full force by 2008 and led to a natural gas bonanza, with gas prices that are roughly a third of those in Europe. (forbes.com)
And though China has neither a natural gas nor oil cost advantage, it is fully leveraging its labour cost advantage and dramatically increasing its productivity and innovation. (forbes.com)
Sectors such as the (petro)chemical industry that are highly dependent on the cost of oil or natural gas (naptha or ethane) are critically exposed. (forbes.com)
In the context of Russia's invasion of Ukraine and a still stagnant economy, President Obama faces two important questions on energy transmission: a decision on the construction of the Keystone XL oil pipeline and the question of increasing American natural gas exports. (baltimoresun.com)
In my judgment, the president should reject Keystone and step up natural gas exports. (baltimoresun.com)
Today, U.S. businesses are moving manufacturing ack to the United States, opening new factories or expanding their existing operations and hiring new workers thanks to the growing abundance of low-priced natural gas. (baltimoresun.com)
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that the domestic supply of natural gas will surpass demand by 2016. (baltimoresun.com)
The EIA also says there will be enough natural gas produced in America that we can export some of the surplus with minimal impact on natural gas prices. (baltimoresun.com)
Liquefied natural gas exporting would be good for Maryland's economy and the environment. (baltimoresun.com)
Virginia-based Dominion Resources wants to export liquefied natural gas (LNG) through the Chesapeake Bay via a facility at Cove Point in southern Maryland. (baltimoresun.com)
This project would not only damage our state's environment, it is also part of an unwise potential national shift toward exporting natural gas, which threatens the economy and jeopardizes our country's goal of reducing harmful greenhouse gas pollution. (baltimoresun.com)
A"green" natural gas plan gives Marylanders the option of paying a little more to shrink their carbon footprint while heating their homes. (baltimoresun.com)
Pennsylvania's headlong plunge into drilling for natural gas from Marcellus shale formations has produced winners and losers. (baltimoresun.com)
Natural gas usage is increasing and it is playing a larger role in state energy systems and economies. (ncsl.org)
State legislators are critical to shaping policies that address a broad range of natural gas-related challenges and opportunities. (ncsl.org)
These include efforts to manage the local and regional impacts of natural gas extraction and to ensure that the process is properly regulated. (ncsl.org)
Policymakers are also working to ensure that natural gas infrastructure is adequate and reliable through the replacement of old and aging pipelines and other efforts. (ncsl.org)
State legislators are addressing a number of other related issues as well, such as the exportation of liquefied natural gas, promoting natural gas vehicles and using natural gas for combined heat and power. (ncsl.org)
Natural gas plays a critical role in most state economies due to its use in many sectors, including electric power, heating, vehicle fuels and the manufacturing of industrial products. (ncsl.org)
The Natural Gas Policy Institute provided legislators with the rare opportunity to spend an extended amount of time exploring the economic and regulatory issues related to the production, distribution and resulting end use of natural gas resources. (ncsl.org)
Additionally, legislators toured a facility that develops widely used thermoplastic resins derived from oil and natural gas as well as a combined heat and power facility located on the campus of Duquesne University. (ncsl.org)
This session examined the driving forces behind the natural gas revolution in the U.S. and investigated the short- and long-term outlook for supply and consumption. (ncsl.org)
The tremendous increase in U.S. natural gas supplies is beginning to strain the capabilities of existing pipeline infrastructure. (ncsl.org)
Low prices and government regulations are likely to drive natural gas demand for many years, so new delivery infrastructure is needed. (ncsl.org)
This session examined major pipeline projects and examined efforts from state policymakers, federal agencies and the natural gas industry to address challenges related to siting, permitting and financing upgrades to pipeline infrastructure. (ncsl.org)
This session examined how states are working to address environmental and public health risks associated with increased natural gas extraction. (ncsl.org)
The growing use of natural gas for electricity generation has stretched pipeline capacity, causing competition between the electricity generation and heating markets. (ncsl.org)
This session discussed how policymakers, electric utilities and natural gas industries are working to address this challenge. (ncsl.org)
This session examined the federal regulatory role when it comes to natural gas production, distribution, exports and pipeline safety. (ncsl.org)
It also explored conclusions and recommendations related to natural gas infrastructure from the Department of Energy's Quadrennial Energy Review. (ncsl.org)
AltaGas Utilities (AUI) is a regulated Canadian natural gas distribution utility with over 13,000 miles (21,000 km) of pipeline across Alberta. (esri.com)
In 2015, natural-gas industry leaders published ASTM F2897 , a 15-page collaborative document specifying how pipeline attributes should be identified via a standard, 16-digit barcode. (esri.com)
The recent improvements to Collector can result in a simpler and more efficient tracking and traceability workflow, when combined with an ArcGIS 10.7 or higher enterprise geodatabase," said Tom DeWitte, Esri Natural Gas Industry Technical Lead. (esri.com)
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, natural gas production from the Bakken shale has increased more than 20-fold between 2007 and 2010. (nasa.gov)
Public Hearing Statement In the Matter of the Petition of New Jersey Natural Gas Company for the Annual Review and Revision of its Basic Gas Supply Service (BGSS) Factor for F/Y 2006, BPU Docket No. GR05060488. (nj.gov)
Surging domestic supply hindered natural gas prices over the past several years, but the commodity has recently been a solid performer. (benzinga.com)
Demand expectations could provide some upside for natural gas and the related exchange traded funds. (benzinga.com)
The United States Natural Gas (NYSE: UNG), a futures-based. (benzinga.com)
Piedmont Natural Gas will conduct its 2013 third quarter conference call, broadcast live over the internet on Monday, September 9, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (prnewswire.com)
Our subsidiaries are invested in joint venture, energy-related businesses, including unregulated retail natural gas marketing, regulated interstate natural gas transportation and storage, and intrastate natural gas transportation businesses. (prnewswire.com)
Carbon dioxide, or CO2, is a greenhouse gas that is emitted by the natural carbon cycle and by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, notes the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (ehow.com)
A production facility at the Karachaganak gas field (ITAR-TASS) July 17, 2006 -- The presidents of Russia and Kazakhstan have agreed to create a joint venture to process natural gas from Kazakhstan's Karachaganak gas field. (rferl.org)
RUNNING HOT AND COLD The crisis over Russian supplies of natural gas to Ukraine that erupted on New Year's Day has implications that spread well beyond these two countries and will impact both economic and political policymaking throughout Europe. (rferl.org)
On January 19, RFE/RL's Washington, D.C., office hosted a briefing the examined the ramifications of the natural-gas conflict. (rferl.org)
The biggest, he argues, is that the state-controlled Russian gas giant Gazprom holds a monopoly on natural-gas sales outside the CIS. (rferl.org)
Kupchinsky also decried Ukraine's consumption of natural gas, terming it 'out of control. (rferl.org)

Because the molecules in a gas are so far apart from one another, gases are much less dense than liquids or solids. (infoplease.com)
Unlike liquids, gases expand across an area until something physically stops them. (infoplease.com)
Unlike liquids, which sometimes don't mix at all (e.g., oil and water), any combination of gases will always mix with one another. (infoplease.com)
Carbonated liquids such as soda pop and beer can cause gas. (breastcancer.org)

Although argon is a noble gas , it can form some compounds under various extreme conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Some environmental contaminants below ground produce gas which diffuses through the soil such as from landfill wastes, mining activities, and contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons which produce volatile organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
Because some rare gas compounds have powerful oxidizing properties (they can remove electrons from other substances) they have been used to synthesize other compounds. (encyclopedia.com)
their outer shell of valence electrons is considered to be "full", giving them little tendency to participate in chemical reactions, and it has only been possible to prepare a few hundred noble gas compounds . (princeton.edu)
Greenhouse gases are naturally-occurring and man-made compounds that trap heat around the Earth, making temperatures warm enough to sustain plant and animal life. (ehow.com)

This is the first time that FAO has released its own global estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU), contributing to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (fao.org)
With regards to climate change, this commitment translates to actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the university, departmental, and individual level. (vanderbilt.edu)
Tropospheric ozone, however, is a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. (worldatlas.com)
It is recognized by the Kyoto Protocol as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global climate change. (worldatlas.com)
TORONTO, Oct. 4 -- Canada's conservative government, groping for a new policy on climate change, is facing a dilemma over how to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from the hugely profitable Alberta oil fields in western Canada. (washingtonpost.com)
This indicator tracks trends in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by agriculture, estimated and reported under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol and the Decision 525/2013/EC. (europa.eu)

However, most F-gases have a high global warming potential (GWP), and some are nearly inert to removal by chemical processes. (wikipedia.org)
They were discovered by scientists near the end of the nineteenth century, and because they were so unreactive were initially called the inert gases. (encyclopedia.com)
Prior to Bartlett ' s preparation of the first xenon compound, the rare gases were widely referred to as the inert gases. (encyclopedia.com)

Distribute or process gas for utility companies and others by controlling compressors to maintain specified pressures on main pipelines. (bls.gov)
In addition to car and truck emissions, electricity usage, much of it generated from coal, is Durham's main culprit in greenhouse gases. (indyweek.com)
What Are the Four Main Greenhouse Gases? (ehow.com)

The reason that gases ignore any intermolecular forces ( Solids ) that might normally exist between the atoms or molecules is that they have enough energy to overcome the strength of these forces. (infoplease.com)
The low reactivity of the rare gases is due to the arrangement of electrons in the rare gas atoms. (encyclopedia.com)
Quantum gases - collections of atoms cooled to the lowest known temperatures in the universe, have sparked a revolution in atomic physics. (edu.au)
In the ultracold Fermi gas experimental group we use gases of Li-6 atoms, cooled to temperatures below 100nK, to investigate strongly correlated fermions in the crossover from a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid of Cooper pairs to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of molecules. (edu.au)

The researchers first calculate what the effect on greenhouse gas emissions in 2022 would be if each gallon of biofuel fully replaced a gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel. (reason.com)

F-gases are ozone-friendly, enable energy efficiency, and are relatively safe for use by the public due to their low levels of toxicity and flammability. (wikipedia.org)
[ 1 ] Generally, deviation from an ideal gas tends to decrease with higher temperature and lower density (i.e. lower pressure ), [ 1 ] as the work performed by intermolecular forces becomes less significant compared with the particles' kinetic energy , and the size of the molecules becomes less significant compared to the empty space between them. (princeton.edu)
Developing shale gas as a viable source of energy could help Europe out of the recession. (forbes.com)
There were also outright acquisitions: BHP Billiton's acquisition of Petrohawk Energy Corp. [vi] Europe, meanwhile, has only seen a modest number of explorations, primarily in Poland, though shale gas reserves on the continent are substantial. (forbes.com)
This new tax is being considered to make up for lost gas tax revenue as cars and drivers become more energy efficient. (forbes.com)
Call me a pragmatist, but if the Obama administration wants to make up lost revenue because people are being more energy efficient, why not just increase the gas tax? (forbes.com)
In some cases, the rebound is greater than the initial energy savings, so consumers end up using more energy and emitting more greenhouse gases than before. (reason.com)
Gas turbines are high tech, high efficiency engines that convert chemical energy into work. (tudelft.nl)
The Gas Turbine chair at the department of Process and Energy of Mechanical Engineering (3ME) at the TU Delft has a long history in delivering high level education and world class research in the field of gas turbines. (tudelft.nl)
The Gas Turbine chair has close cooperation with the other chairs within the Process and Energy Department, the Flight Performance and Propulsion department at Aerospace Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Department at 3ME. (tudelft.nl)
Carrizo Oil & Gas Inc (NASDAQ: CRZO) reported fourth-quarter results Monday that prompted KeyBanc Capital Markets to 'dramatically' lower its estimates and outlook for the Houston-based energy name. (benzinga.com)
Ofgem , the UK gas and electricity regulator, published a report last year that found more than two-thirds of small businesses had gathered prices from energy suppliers, and half of those either switched supplier or negotiated a better price with their current one. (telegraph.co.uk)
The rollout of smart meters , which automatically measure the amount of gas or electricity your business is using and send readings directly to your supplier, is the first step towards enabling the industry to manage energy flows throughout the day. (telegraph.co.uk)
Business energy, specifically gas and electricity, is not as complicated as many small businesses think. (telegraph.co.uk)
CO2 emissions from biomass with energy recovery are reported as a Memorandum item according to UNFCCC Guidelines and not included in national greenhouse gas totals. (europa.eu)
Gases with a higher GWP absorb more energy, per pound, than gases with a lower GWP, and thus contribute more to warming Earth. (epa.gov)
Jeff Holmstead, a partner at law firm Bracewell & Guiliani who represents utilities and other energy industry clients, conceded that the challengers face an "uphill" battle with the endangerment finding because the judges - David Tatel, David Sentelle and Judith Rogers - have all sided with the EPA in earlier cases that challenged its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. (huffingtonpost.com)

In this complete handbook of purified gases the physical foundations of purified gases and mixtures as well as their manufacturing, purification, analysis, storage, handling and transport are presented in a comprehensive way. (springer.com)

Argon is also used in incandescent , fluorescent lighting , and other gas-discharge tubes. (wikipedia.org)
Argon makes a distinctive blue-green gas laser . (wikipedia.org)
Neon, argon, krypton, and xenon are obtained from air using the methods of liquefaction of gases and fractional distillation . (princeton.edu)

To determine if Mars had enough gases for a greenhouse effect, Jakosky and Edwards analyzed data from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and Mars Odyssey spacecraft to determine the abundance of carbon-bearing minerals in Martian soil and CO 2 in polar ice caps. (universetoday.com)
Concentration, or abundance , is the amount of a particular gas in the air. (epa.gov)

Radon, which is radioactive, was first detected as a gas released from radium and, subsequently, identified in air. (encyclopedia.com)

Employers, policy-makers, trade associations, and manufacturers use NIOSH information to prevent hazardous dermal exposures among oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
Conduct studies to develop and assess the effectiveness of interventions to prevent hazardous dermal exposures to drilling fluid among oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
CAMBRIDGE, MA -- MIT chemists have devised a new way to wirelessly detect hazardous gases and environmental pollutants, using a simple sensor that can be read by a smartphone. (eurekalert.org)

Although the Montreal Protocol regulates the phasing out of HCFCs, there was no international agreement on the regulation of HFCs until late 2016 when the Kigali Agreement under the Montreal Protocol was signed, which has put compulsory phase wise phasing out of CFC gases. (wikipedia.org)

These estimates don't include thousands more contractors and self-employed workers from other industry sectors working at oil and gas worksites, completing tasks such as hauling equipment and water, constructing roads and new oil and gas well pads, and servicing existing ones. (cdc.gov)
The oil and gas extraction industry employs approximately 541,000 workers (2015) and suffers from a high rate of occupational fatalities from all causes. (cdc.gov)
New businesses and engineers with no previous history or those returning to the industry who have a history of complaints or a record of unsafe gas work will be subject to a time limited probationary period. (hse.gov.uk)
However, a 2006 review of domestic gas safety involving industry stakeholders, including gas engineers and their representatives and consumer groups, identified no room for complacency and a strong case for change. (hse.gov.uk)
Our Training Programs with Placement Assistance enable Engineering Graduates to get lucrative jobs in Oil & Gas Industry in Middle East. (slideshare.net)
This is an advantage for rapidly developing the shale gas industry. (forbes.com)
Governments can actually move the development of shale gas forward, as they have in the past with other public works: the development of a massive railway system, the impressive nuclear industry in countries such as France. (forbes.com)
Technical gases are used in almost every field of industry, science and medicine and also as a means of control by government authorities and institutions and are regarded as indispensable means of assistance. (springer.com)
Volga-Dnepr Airlines' latest transportation solution for the oil and gas industry has seen one of its Antonov An-124-100 freighters deliver over 90 tons of oilfield equipment from Calgary in Canada to the Russian city of Surgut. (yudu.com)
Communication Co-op Student and SCOY 2014 winner, Denisa Orlandea, never anticipated completing all 4 co-op terms in the oil and gas industry, much less considering a career in it. (sfu.ca)
Here are her favorite parts of working for the Oil and Gas industry. (sfu.ca)
ASTM F2879 is the standard that the gas utility industry is rallying around to address the requirements of tracking and traceability," said Tom Coolidge, Esri Director of Gas Utility and Pipeline Industry Solutions. (esri.com)
Stay on top of the oil and gas industry with these valuable insights and learn about opportunities to position payments, improve cash visibility and maintain financial control. (americanexpress.com)
The oil and gas industry presents challenges and risks, however, there is a variety of interesting and lucrative investing opportunities to explore. (americanexpress.com)
The chair is financially supported by the SGO (Stichting Gasturbine Onderwijs) and has excellent relationships with the Dutch and international gas turbine industry. (tudelft.nl)
The industrial gas industry as a whole is well positioned to deliver solid performance and investors looking for exposure to the sector may want to consider Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. (NYSE: APD), at least according to BMO. (benzinga.com)
Ambrose's meeting with automakers sparked fierce criticism that Ontario's auto industry could face tougher greenhouse gas regulations than the western-based oil producers. (washingtonpost.com)
The oil and gas industry is making billions of dollars. (washingtonpost.com)
The rules will probably affect a wide range of emitters, including power plants, oil and gas operations and manufacturers, though the specific companies or industry groups have not been identified. (latimes.com)
WASHINGTON, Feb 27 (Reuters) - U.S. limits on greenhouse gas emissions face a challenge in federal court this week from more than 100 industry groups and several U.S. states, the latest high-profile effort to halt or overturn the Environmental Protection Agency's rules. (huffingtonpost.com)

The method used to isolate these new gaseous elements involved liquefying air (by subjecting it to high pressure and low temperature) and allowing the various gases to boil off at different temperatures. (encyclopedia.com)
The temperature forecasts are still Neutral at best and have consistently been calling for a combination of above normal and normal temps spread across the country with the highs and lows this time of the year not likely to result in any additional call on Nat Gas as a cooling or heating fuel over the next several weeks. (nasdaq.com)
virial coefficients and depend only on the temperature and the particular gas. (britannica.com)
In a Fermi gas, the contact depends on the strength of the interparticle interactions and the temperature relative to the Fermi temperature. (edu.au)
In this paper we present the first measurements of the temperature dependence of the contact in a unitary Fermi gas. (edu.au)

They are widely used in the electronics, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in refrigeration when combined with other gases. (wikipedia.org)
However, the European Union has banned manufacturing this gas as well as prohibited its use in servicing refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, and only recycled chlorodifluoromethane is permitted. (worldatlas.com)

Gas can happen each time you eat or drink and naturally swallow air. (breastcancer.org)
Many factories produce long-lasting industrial gases that do not occur naturally, yet contribute significantly to the enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming that is currently underway. (treehugger.com)

Conduct basic/etiologic research to better characterize dermal exposure to drilling fluids among oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
Professional associations, insurers, employers, workers, and other government agencies use NIOSH information to prevent motor vehicle crashes among oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
Conduct studies to develop and assess the effectiveness of interventions to prevent motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries among oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
Conduct translation research to understand barriers and aids to implementing effective interventions to prevent motor vehicle crashes and resulting injuries among oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)

In soil, a concentration gradient causes net movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, this gives the movement of gas by diffusion. (wikipedia.org)

He then adapted the gazomètre for coal gas storage. (wikipedia.org)
Before the mid-20th century, coal gas was produced in retorts by heating coal in the absence of air: the process being known as coal gasification . (wikipedia.org)
Many people had experimented with coal distillation to produce a flammable gas. (wikipedia.org)
He had joined Boulton and Watt , at the Soho manufactory, Birmingham, in 1777, and in 1792 he built a retort to heat coal that produced gas that illuminated his home and office in Redruth . (wikipedia.org)
Burning fossil fuel such as coal produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. (ehow.com)

While field studies are ongoing, much more work remains to fully characterize dermal hazards to workers in the oil and gas extraction sector. (cdc.gov)
Conduct basic/etiologic research to better understand motor vehicle crash risk factors for oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
Conduct surveillance research to explore new sources for motor vehicle crash data for oil and gas extraction workers. (cdc.gov)
Transportation incidents were the leading cause of death to oil and gas extraction workers, resulting in nearly 600 deaths (42%) over the same time period. (cdc.gov)
Half of the oil and gas extraction workers who died in motor vehicle crashes were not wearing a seat belt and were occupants of light-duty vehicles (primarily pickup trucks). (cdc.gov)
2013]. Nearly every worker in the oil and gas extraction sector drives as part of their job. (cdc.gov)

Chemistry: What Are Gases? (infoplease.com)

Even if it averaged just 15 miles a gallon, she could have driven back and forth to California three times on the gas her campaign bought in 2005. (nypost.com)
Lower-income people are going to spend their gas savings because they have to," says Alec Levenson, professor of economics at the University of Southern California. (usatoday.com)
California companies are rushing to voluntarily register their greenhouse gases before the launch of a major statewide program this year to address global warming. (latimes.com)
Under AB 32, companies must annually report emissions as regulators, led by the California Air Resources Board, set emissions limits to cut the state's greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, a 25% reduction. (latimes.com)

In 2014 a virtually identical claim circulated on Facebook involving a Mobil station in Holly, Michigan , which outraged social media users until it was revealed to be a misunderstanding concerning grades of gas. (snopes.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes22

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Health Care12

Conformations of Gly(n)H+ and Ala(n)H+ peptides in the gas phase. (1/1495)

Renal and hemodynamic effects of losartan in conscious dogs during controlled mechanical ventilation. (2/1495)

Spike generation from dorsal roots and cutaneous afferents by hypoxia or hypercapnia in the rat in vivo. (3/1495)

Exercise gas transport determinants in elderly normotensive and hypertensive humans. (4/1495)

Development of in-vitro-derived bovine embryos cultured in 5% CO2 in air or in 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2. (5/1495)

Theoretical calculations of glycine and alanine gas-phase acidities. (6/1495)

Elevation of blood pressure by genetic and pharmacological disruption of the ETB receptor in mice. (7/1495)

Delayed ischemic preconditioning is mediated by opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the rabbit heart. (8/1495)

Gases

Chromatography, Gas

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Noble Gases

Gas Poisoning

Blood Gas Analysis

Gas, Natural

Gas Gangrene

Oil and Gas Fields

Carbon Dioxide

Mustard Gas

Helium

Oxygen

Streptococcus pyogenes

Gas Scavengers

Fossil Fuels

Embolism, Air

Partial Pressure

Plasma Gases

Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio

Argon

Air

Tear Gases

Nitrous Oxide

Flatulence

Methane

Respiration

Streptococcal Infections

Greenhouse Effect

Volatilization

Inert Gas Narcosis

Xenon

Substance Abuse Detection

Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous

Respiratory Transport

Volatile Organic Compounds

Flame Ionization

Lung

Xenon Isotopes

Hydrogen

Pulmonary Ventilation

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen

Insufflation

Respiratory Dead Space

Krypton

Oxygen Consumption

Respiration, Artificial

Mass Spectrometry

Respiratory Mechanics

Chemical Warfare Agents

Fluorocarbons

Hydrogen Sulfide

Decompression Sickness

Lung Volume Measurements

Calibration

Tidal Volume

Extraction and Processing Industry

Pulmonary Circulation

Respiratory Function Tests

Atmosphere

Forensic Medicine

Diving

Solid Phase Microextraction

Reproducibility of Results

Atmospheric Pressure

Time Factors

Pharyngitis

Gibberellins

Environmental Monitoring

Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity

Breath Tests

Air Pressure

Carbon Footprint

Water

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Hypercapnia

Streptococcal Vaccines

Anoxia