Gardnerella vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Vaginosis, Bacterial
Haemophilus
Gardnerella
Trichomonas Vaginitis
Mycoplasma hominis
Metronidazole
Lactobacillus
Mobiluncus
Actinobacteria
Gentian Violet
Vaginal Discharge
Sulfacetamide
Polyanetholesulfonate
Phenazines
Sulfathiazoles
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Vaginal Smears
Prevotella
Urogenital System
Urethritis
Trichomonas
Antibiosis
Bacteroides
Metagenome
Bacteria
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Biofilms
Bacteriocins
Culture Media
Candida
Hemolysis
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
Neuraminidase
Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis. (1/222)
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an increased rate of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, and Gardnerella vaginalis is frequently isolated from the genital tracts of women with BV. G. vaginalis lysates were found to significantly stimulate HIV expression in monocytoid cells. Stimulation was significantly higher when lysates were heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min but was reduced by treatment with lysozyme or protease. G. vaginalis lysates also activated HIV expression in certain T cell lines. G. vaginalis lysates activated HIV long-terminal repeat transcription in HIV-infected cells and increased NF-kappaB binding activity, indicating an effect by G. vaginalis on HIV transcription. The activation of HIV production by G. vaginalis suggests that genital tract infection with G. vaginalis increases the risk of HIV transmission by increasing HIV expression in the genital tract. This may explain, at least in part, the increased rate of HIV transmission in women with BV. (+info)The effects of three nonoxynol-9 preparations on vaginal flora and epithelium. (2/222)
To evaluate the effects of nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on the vaginal flora and epithelium, 48 women (16 in each group) were evaluated by use of quantitative vaginal cultures and colposcopy. at baseline and at 0.5, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after insertion of one of three N-9 preparations (4% gel [Conceptrol], 3.5% gel [Advantage-24], or a 28% vaginal contraceptive film). The proportion positive for H2O2+ or H2O2- lactobacilli did not change significantly with any of the preparations, but lactobacilli concentrations decreased transiently. Both the proportion of women with Gardnerella vaginalis and the concentration of G. vaginalis decreased transiently. The proportion of women with Escherichia coli increased with the 4% gel, and the concentration increased with all preparations. The number with anaerobic gram-negative rods increased, although the concentrations decreased. Symptoms and colposcopic abnormalities were rare. Changes in levels of vaginal bacteria were transient after single applications of N-9, but adverse effects may be enhanced with frequent, chronic use. (+info)Obligately anaerobic strains of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis). (3/222)
Six obligately anaerobic strains of Corynebacterium vaginale (Haemophilus vaginalis) have been isolated and their characteristics studied. The reactions of the anaerobic strains, as well as of facultative strains tested under anaerobic conditions, are similar to the reactions previously reported for this species. (+info)Identification of a human lactoferrin-binding protein in Gardnerella vaginalis. (4/222)
Previous studies have shown that Gardnerella vaginalis can utilize iron-loaded human lactoferrin as a sole source of iron. In this study, G. vaginalis cells were shown to bind digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled human lactoferrin in a dot blot assay. Using the DIG-labeled human lactoferrin, a 120-kDa human lactoferrin-binding protein was detected by Western blot analysis of G. vaginalis proteins. The lactoferrin-binding activity of this protein was found to be heat stable. Competition studies indicated that this binding activity was specific for human lactoferrin. Treatment of G. vaginalis cells with proteases suggested that this protein was surface exposed. An increase in lactoferrin binding by the 120-kDa protein was observed in G. vaginalis cells grown under iron-restrictive conditions, suggesting that this activity may be iron regulated. (+info)Characterisation and selection of a Lactobacillus species to re-colonise the vagina of women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. (5/222)
This paper reports the results of characterising and selecting a strain of Lactobacillus for potential use as a probiotic in regenerating the vaginal flora of women with recurrent episodes of bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is a condition characterised by a depletion of vaginal lactobacilli accompanied by an overgrowth of a mixed vaginal flora of aerobic, anaerobic and micro-aerophilic species in very large numbers. BV has been associated with various gynaecological and obstetric complications and has an extremely high recurrence rate, due in part to the failure to establish a normal vaginal flora after antimicrobial therapy. A total of 60 vaginal isolates of lactobacilli was assessed for characteristics considered important for vaginal re-colonisation. The characteristics studied were the in-vitro inhibitory activity of the lactobacilli against bacterial species isolated from women with recurrent BV, acid production after growth of the lactobacilli in liquid culture, production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and adhesiveness of the lactobacilli to exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells (VEC). Four strains of lactobacilli, L. acidophilus (61701 and 61880), L. crispatus (55730) and L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii (65407), demonstrated the greatest inhibitory activity against the BV-associated bacterial species. Two of these isolates (55730 and 61880) produced H2O2. All four isolates produced a highly acidic environment after growth in liquid medium (pH <4). Only one of these (strain 61701) was strongly adherent to VEC (>100 bacteria/VEC). A further isolate (L. acidophilus 48101) did not demonstrate maximum inhibitory activity against BV-associated bacteria, but was found to be a strong producer of H2O2 and was also highly adherent to VEC. Isolates 61701 and 48101 could be candidates for use as probiotics for vaginal re-colonisation. (+info)Comparison of isolation of Haemophilus vaginalis (Corynebacterium vaginale) from peptone-starch-dextrose agar and Columbia colistin-nalidoxic acid agar. (6/222)
A total of 447 cervical or vaginal specimens were inoculated in parallel onto peptone-starch-dextrose (PSD) and Columbia colistin (10 mg/ml)-nalidixic acid (15 mug/ml) (CNA) agar and were incubated for 48 h at 35 degrees C in an atmosphere with 2 to 10% CO2. One hundred (22.4%) of the cultures were positive for Haemophilus vaginalis. Forty-eight of the isolates were recovered from both PSD and Columbia CNA agar, five from PSD only, and 47 from Columbia CNA agar only (P less than 0.001). On Columbia CNA agar, 76 of the isolates were detected after 24 h of incubation, and the remainder were detected within 4 days of incubation. (+info)Incidence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida sp and human papilloma virus in cytological smears. (7/222)
CONTEXT: In spite of the wide-ranging literature on the microbiology of normal and abnormal flora of the vagina, there are few studies on the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and other vaginal microorganisms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and other agents like Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis in cytological smears. DESIGN STUDY: Retrospective study SETTING: A public tertiary referral center. SAMPLE: An analysis of 17,391 cytologies from outpatients seen between January 1997 and August 1998. The control group was made up of patients in the same age group and same period with no cytological evidence of HPV infection. Patients with a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III were excluded from this analysis. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The diagnosis of HPV infection was made in accordance with the criteria of Schneider et al. and the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis was made with a finding of clue cells. RESULTS: 390 (2. 24%) had alterations consistent with infection by HPV, sometimes associated with CIN I. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequent agent in women with HPV infection (23.6% versus 17.4%; P <0.05), while in the control group the most frequent agent was Candida sp. (23.9% versus 13.8%; p <0.001). CONCLUSION: In spite of this study being based solely on cytological criteria, in which specific HPV and Gardnerella diagnostic tests were not used, the cytological smear is widely used in clinical practice and the data presented in this investigation show that there is an association between Gardnerella vaginalis and HPV infection. It remains to be established whether the microorganisms favor each other. (+info)The role of fomites in the transmission of vaginitis. (8/222)
A role for fomites such as toilet seats in the transmission of vaginitis has never been proved or disproved. A compilation of clinical data from a university community showed that the organisms found in vaginal cultures of patients with vaginitis were, in order of frequency. Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Hemophilus vaginalis and Trichomonas vaginalis. In a concurrent bacteriologic survey of washroom fixtures, staphylococci and other micrococci were isolated most frequently. The overt pathogens associated with vaginitis were never found, and gram-negative organisms appeared to be suppressed by the disinfectant used by the cleaning staff. It is clear that fomites are not an important mode of transmission in vaginitis, although a search for specific pathogens on toilets is to be continued. (+info)Vaginitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the vagina. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial, fungal, viral, or yeast infections, as well as irritants or allergies. Symptoms of vaginitis may include itching, burning, discharge, pain during intercourse, and a strong odor. Treatment for vaginitis depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, antifungal medications, or other therapies. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of vaginitis, as untreated vaginitis can lead to more serious complications.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. The normal vaginal microbiota consists of a mix of different types of bacteria, including lactobacilli, which produce lactic acid to help maintain a healthy pH balance. However, when the balance of these bacteria is disrupted, other types of bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, and Mobiluncus species, can overgrow and cause BV. Symptoms of BV may include a thin, white or gray discharge with a strong, fishy odor, itching or burning in the vagina, and pain during intercourse. BV can also increase the risk of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy complications. Diagnosis of BV is typically made through a physical examination and a vaginal. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin, which can help restore the balance of bacteria in the vagina. It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed to prevent recurrence of the infection.
Trichomoniasis, also known as Trichomonas Vaginitis, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is the most common non-viral STI in the United States, with an estimated 2.7 million cases reported annually. Trichomoniasis is typically transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person. The parasite can also be transmitted from an infected mother to her newborn during childbirth. Symptoms of Trichomoniasis may include a thick, yellow or green vaginal discharge, itching or burning during urination or sex, and pain or discomfort in the genital area. However, many people with Trichomoniasis may not experience any symptoms, which is why routine testing is important for sexually active individuals. If left untreated, Trichomoniasis can increase the risk of acquiring other STIs, including HIV, and can cause complications during pregnancy, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. Treatment for Trichomoniasis typically involves taking a single dose of an antibiotic medication, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection.
Leukorrhea is a condition characterized by the presence of a clear or slightly milky discharge from the vagina. It is a normal and healthy occurrence in women, especially during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. However, when leukorrhea is accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, burning, or a foul odor, it may indicate an underlying infection or other medical condition. Leukorrhea is caused by the normal secretions of the cervix and vagina, which are made up of mucus, epithelial cells, and other substances. These secretions help to maintain the normal pH and moisture levels of the vagina, and they also serve as a barrier against infection. In some cases, leukorrhea may be a sign of an infection, such as bacterial vaginosis, yeast infection, or sexually transmitted infection (STI). Other causes of leukorrhea may include hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause, or certain medications, such as antibiotics or birth control pills. If you are experiencing leukorrhea along with other symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare provider for an evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Metronidazole is an antibiotic medication that is commonly used to treat a variety of bacterial and protozoal infections. It is particularly effective against anaerobic bacteria, which are bacteria that thrive in oxygen-poor environments. Metronidazole is often used to treat infections of the gastrointestinal tract, such as giardiasis and trichomoniasis, as well as infections of the vagina, skin, and respiratory tract. It is also sometimes used to treat infections caused by certain types of parasites, such as Entamoeba histolytica. Metronidazole is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, and creams, and is typically taken orally or applied topically. It is important to follow the instructions of your healthcare provider when taking metronidazole, as it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Haemophilus infections are a group of bacterial infections caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the respiratory tract, joints, and bloodstream. Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, particularly in children. It can also cause ear infections, meningitis, and sepsis. There are two main types of Haemophilus influenzae: type b (Hib) and non-type b (NTHi). Hib is the most serious type and can cause severe infections, including meningitis and sepsis, particularly in young children. NTHi is less serious but can still cause respiratory tract infections and other illnesses. Haemophilus infections are typically treated with antibiotics, such as amoxicillin or ceftriaxone. Vaccines are available to prevent Hib infections, but not NTHi infections. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you or someone you know may have a Haemophilus infection, as prompt treatment is crucial for a successful outcome.
Gentian violet is a synthetic dye that is used in the medical field as an antiseptic and to treat certain skin conditions. It is typically applied topically as a solution or ointment, and is used to treat conditions such as thrush, ringworm, and other fungal infections. Gentian violet is also sometimes used as a stain to help identify certain types of bacteria and other microorganisms. It is generally considered safe for use on the skin, but it can cause irritation or allergic reactions in some people.
Vaginal diseases refer to any medical conditions that affect the vagina, including infections, inflammations, and structural abnormalities. These conditions can cause a range of symptoms, such as itching, burning, discharge, pain, and bleeding. Some common vaginal diseases include bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, trichomoniasis, vaginitis, and vaginal atrophy. These conditions can be caused by various factors, such as hormonal changes, poor hygiene, sexual activity, and certain medications. Treatment for vaginal diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. It may involve the use of antifungal, antibiotic, or antiviral medications, as well as lifestyle changes and hygiene practices. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct structural abnormalities or remove growths. It is important for women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of vaginal diseases and to seek medical attention if they experience any concerning symptoms. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Vaginal discharge is a normal bodily fluid that is produced by the cells lining the vagina. It is typically clear or white in color and has a slightly sweet or sour smell. Vaginal discharge helps to keep the vagina moist and healthy, and it also serves as a natural barrier against infection. However, changes in the amount, color, or consistency of vaginal discharge can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. For example, an increase in discharge that is accompanied by itching, burning, or a strong odor may be a sign of a vaginal infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or yeast infection. Similarly, a change in the color or consistency of discharge may be a sign of sexually transmitted infection (STI), cervical cancer, or other medical conditions. If you notice any changes in your vaginal discharge, it is important to speak with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.
Candidiasis, vulvovaginal, is a fungal infection that affects the vulva and vagina. It is caused by the overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans, which is normally present in small amounts in the vagina. The infection is more common in women who are pregnant, have a weakened immune system, or are taking antibiotics or corticosteroids. Symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis include itching, burning, redness, and a thick, white discharge. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications, such as creams or suppositories, applied to the affected area. In severe cases, oral antifungal medication may be prescribed.
Sulfacetamide is a medication that is used to treat bacterial infections of the skin, such as acne and rosacea. It works by killing bacteria that cause these infections. Sulfacetamide is available in the form of creams, lotions, and ointments, and is typically applied to the affected area of the skin once or twice a day. It may also be used to treat other types of skin infections, such as impetigo and folliculitis. Sulfacetamide is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as skin irritation, redness, and itching. It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by your healthcare provider and to avoid using sulfacetamide on open wounds or broken skin.
Polyanetholesulfonate is a medication that is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is a type of diuretic, which means that it helps the body to get rid of excess fluid by increasing the amount of urine that is produced. This can help to lower blood pressure by reducing the amount of fluid in the blood vessels. Polyanetholesulfonate is usually taken by mouth, and it is available in the form of tablets. It is important to follow the instructions of your healthcare provider carefully when taking this medication, as it can cause side effects such as dizziness, headache, and stomach upset. It is also important to let your healthcare provider know if you are taking any other medications, as some medications can interact with polyanetholesulfonate.
Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. It is the most common non-viral STI in the United States, with an estimated 2.76 million cases reported annually. Trichomoniasis can affect both men and women, but it is more common in women. The infection is typically transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner, and it can be passed even if the infected person is asymptomatic. Symptoms of trichomoniasis can include a thick, yellow-green vaginal discharge, itching or burning during urination or sex, and pain or discomfort in the genital area. In men, symptoms may include a burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and pain or discomfort during sex. If left untreated, trichomoniasis can lead to more serious health problems, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which can cause infertility, and an increased risk of HIV transmission. Treatment typically involves taking antibiotics, and it is important for both partners to be treated to prevent reinfection.
Balanitis is a medical condition that refers to the inflammation or infection of the glans penis, which is the sensitive head of the penis. It is a common condition that can affect men of all ages, and it can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or fungal infections, allergic reactions, trauma, or certain medical conditions such as diabetes or psoriasis. Symptoms of balanitis may include redness, swelling, itching, burning, pain, discharge from the penis, and difficulty urinating or having sex. Treatment for balanitis typically involves identifying and treating the underlying cause of the inflammation or infection, which may involve the use of antibiotics, antifungal medications, or other treatments depending on the specific cause. In some cases, lifestyle changes such as improving hygiene or avoiding certain irritants may also be recommended to prevent recurrence of the condition.
Phenazines are a class of organic compounds that are derived from the aromatic ring of phenol. They are commonly found in nature and are produced by various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. In the medical field, phenazines have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications, particularly in the treatment of bacterial infections. Some phenazines have been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. They are also being investigated for their potential use in cancer therapy and as antioxidants.
I'm sorry, but I couldn't find any information on a medical term called "Hippurates." It's possible that you may have misspelled the term or that it is not a commonly used term in the medical field. If you could provide more context or information about where you heard or saw this term, I may be able to assist you further.
Sulfathiazoles are a class of antibiotics that are used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. They are synthetic derivatives of thiazoles and are structurally related to sulfonamides. Sulfathiazoles are bacteriostatic, meaning they prevent bacteria from multiplying, but do not necessarily kill them. They are primarily used to treat urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and skin infections. They are usually administered orally, but can also be given intravenously in severe cases. Sulfathiazoles are generally well-tolerated, but can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. They may also interact with other medications, so it is important to inform your doctor of all medications you are taking before starting sulfathiazoles.
Urethritis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. This inflammation can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), fungi, and other microorganisms. Symptoms of urethritis may include pain or burning during urination, frequent urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discharge from the penis in men or the vagina in women. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all. Urethritis can be treated with antibiotics or antiviral medications, depending on the cause of the inflammation. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms of urethritis, as untreated urethritis can lead to more serious complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women or epididymitis in men.
Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria, which are single-celled microorganisms that can be found almost everywhere in the environment, including on our skin and in our digestive tracts. When bacteria enter the body and multiply, they can cause illness and disease. Bacterial infections can affect any part of the body and can range from mild to severe. Some common examples of bacterial infections include strep throat, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and skin infections. Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics, which are medications that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. However, it is important to use antibiotics properly and only when necessary, as overuse can lead to antibiotic resistance, which makes it more difficult to treat bacterial infections in the future.
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S is a type of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that is found in bacteria and archaea. It is a small subunit of the ribosome, which is the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. The 16S rRNA is located in the 30S subunit of the ribosome and is essential for the binding and decoding of messenger RNA (mRNA) during translation. The sequence of the 16S rRNA is highly conserved among bacteria and archaea, making it a useful target for the identification and classification of these organisms. In the medical field, the 16S rRNA is often used in molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing to study the diversity and evolution of bacterial and archaeal populations. It is also used in the development of diagnostic tests for bacterial infections and in the identification of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Bacteriocins are small proteins produced by bacteria that have the ability to inhibit the growth of other bacteria. They are often referred to as "bacterial antibiotics" because they can be used to control the growth of harmful bacteria in a variety of settings, including in the human body. Bacteriocins are produced by a wide range of bacteria, including many that are commonly found in the human gut. They are typically active against specific types of bacteria, and are not effective against viruses or fungi. Bacteriocins work by targeting specific components of bacterial cells, such as the cell wall or membrane. They can also interfere with the bacteria's ability to reproduce or communicate with other bacteria. Bacteriocins have been studied for their potential use as natural antibiotics, and some have been approved for use in food preservation and as a treatment for certain infections. However, more research is needed to fully understand their potential uses and to develop effective ways of delivering them to the body.
Hemolysis is the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) in the bloodstream. This process can occur due to various factors, including mechanical stress, exposure to certain medications or toxins, infections, or inherited genetic disorders. When RBCs are damaged or destroyed, their contents, including hemoglobin, are released into the bloodstream. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. When hemoglobin is released into the bloodstream, it can cause the blood to appear dark brown or black, a condition known as hemoglobinuria. Hemolysis can lead to a variety of symptoms, including jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and dark urine. In severe cases, hemolysis can cause life-threatening complications, such as kidney failure or shock. Treatment for hemolysis depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, treatment may involve medications to slow down the breakdown of RBCs or to remove excess hemoglobin from the bloodstream. In other cases, treatment may involve blood transfusions or other supportive therapies to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Pregnancy complications, infectious refers to medical conditions that arise during pregnancy due to infections. These infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites and can have serious consequences for both the mother and the developing fetus. Some common infectious complications of pregnancy include: 1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): These infections can cause discomfort and pain, but with prompt treatment, they usually do not cause harm to the fetus. 2. Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection: This is a type of bacteria that can cause serious infections in newborns, including meningitis and pneumonia. Women who are pregnant or have recently given birth are screened for GBS and treated with antibiotics if they are found to be carrying the bacteria. 3. Toxoplasmosis: This is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. It can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or serious birth defects if left untreated. 4. Rubella (German measles): This is a viral infection that can cause serious birth defects if a pregnant woman is infected during the first trimester of pregnancy. 5. Syphilis: This is a bacterial infection that can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta and cause serious birth defects if left untreated. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infectious complications of pregnancy are crucial to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus.
Neuraminidase is an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid residues from the terminal ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It plays a crucial role in the replication and spread of influenza viruses, as well as other viruses and bacteria. In the medical field, neuraminidase inhibitors are used to treat influenza infections by blocking the activity of the enzyme, preventing the virus from spreading to uninfected cells. Neuraminidase is also used as a diagnostic tool in the detection of certain viral infections, such as influenza and some types of cancer.
Gardnerella vaginalis
Vaginal flora
Thrombocytopenia
List of taxa named after human genitals
Bacterial vaginosis
Coccobacillus
Melinda Beck
Child sexual abuse
Diagnostic microbiology
Human Microbiome Project
Hilda Villegas Castrejón
Nugent score
Actino-ugpB RNA motif
Gardnerella
A. Murat Eren
Mobiluncus
Clue cell
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Aposymbiosis
Prevotella
Atopobium
Lactobacillus vaccine
Vaginal discharge
Bifidobacteriaceae
Hippurate hydrolase
Non-gonococcal urethritis
List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
Vaginal flora in pregnancy
List of clinically important bacteria
Probiotic
Gardnerella Vaginalis Symptoms to Watch Out For | STDWatch.com
Epididymitis: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Etiology
Cleocin (clindamycin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
DailyMed - trovan- trovafloxacin mesylate tablet, film coated
trovan- trovafloxacin mesylate injection, solution, concentrate
Detailed STD Facts - STDs & Pregnancy
Volume 10, Issue 9 - ijms
BacteriologyClongen Laboratories
John Greene | Moffitt
Policy Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Pelvic Inflamatory Disease (PID)
Postpartum Endometritis - Gynecology and Obstetrics - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Bioprocess Engineering Definition, Types, Uses
Womens Health - Best Sellers
Vol. 9 (2016) | International Archives of Medicine
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Search | African Index Medicus (AIM)
Vigocid | Medication for Infections Caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
450-090-H-PXL - BioGX
SQ
Genotyping of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Pathogen Advanced Molecular Detection Database|Archive|PHGKB
Bacterial6
- Gardnerella vaginalis is associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge. (nih.gov)
- 18. Molecular quantification of Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae loads to predict bacterial vaginosis. (nih.gov)
- I hypothesize that traditional preparations of the identified species will vary in inhibition of the growth of pathogenic (Gardnerella vaginalis) and beneficial (Lactobacillus) vaginal bacterial due to differences in specialized metabolites. (nih.gov)
- Metronidazole Vaginal Gel is indicated in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (formerly referred to as Haemophilus vaginitis, Gardnerella vaginitis, nonspecific vaginitis, Corynebacterium vaginitis, or anaerobic vaginosis). (nih.gov)
- General Information: Gardnerella vaginalis (strain ATCC 14019) is an aerobic, host-associated Gram-positive bacterium isolated from the vaginal tracts of women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. (up.ac.za)
- While rarely found in healthy vaginas, F. vaginae has been implicated in conjunction with Gardnerella vaginalis in recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV). (myvagina.com)
Haemophilus1
- A species in the genus GARDNERELLA previously classified as Haemophilus vaginalis. (nih.gov)
Candida3
- Abnormal vaginal flora was found in 4.8% of cases, Candida albicans in 1.2%, Tri- chomonas vaginalis in 0.9% and actinomycosis in 1 case. (who.int)
- The three common diseases characterized by vaginitis include trichomoniasis (caused by T. vaginalis), BV (caused by a replacement of the normal vaginal flora by an overgrowth of anaerobic microorganisms and Gardnerella vaginalis), and candidiasis (usually caused by Candida albicans). (cdc.gov)
- Culture for T. vaginalis or Candida species is more sensitive than microscopic examination, but the specificity of culture for Candida species to diagnose vaginitis is less clear. (cdc.gov)
Trichomonas1
- Trichomonas vaginalis was identified in 34 female subjects [11.3%] with vaginal discharge. (who.int)
Atopobium1
- 7. Quantification of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Lactobacillus spp. (nih.gov)
Species1
- The selected plant species will be analyzed for their effects on disease-causing bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis as well as on prominent beneficial Lactobacillus species found in the vagina. (nih.gov)
Genome1
- Whole-genome sequencing studies have revealed that G. vaginalis has a population structure that consists of 4 clades: clades 1 and 3 are associated with BV, whereas clades 2 and 4 are not. (nih.gov)
Vaginae4
- F. vaginae develop biofilms, making up to 40 per cent of the biofilms found in BV-affected vaginas, with 60-95 per cent G. vaginalis and less than five per cent lactobacilli. (myvagina.com)
- Metronidazole is only active against F. vaginae at very high concentrations and is only partially effective against G. vaginalis . (myvagina.com)
- F. vaginae is almost never present without G. vaginalis or BV, while G. vaginalis can be present and not cause BV. (myvagina.com)
- This means that the presence of F. vaginae is a better indicator of BV than G. vaginalis . (myvagina.com)
Culture1
- Culture of G. vaginalis is not recommended as a diagnostic tool because it is not specific. (cdc.gov)
Normal1
- G. vaginalis can be isolated from vaginal cultures among half of normal women. (cdc.gov)
Found1
- There was no physical evidence to support the children's allegations of abuse, although there was evidence that one of the children tested positive for the bacteria gardnerella vaginalis, which is typically but not exclusively found in sexually active individuals. (umich.edu)