Gangliosides. Medical search

A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)

A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.

A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A glycosphingolipid that accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in GANGLIOSIDOSES, heredity metabolic disorders that include TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SANDHOFF DISEASE.

Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)

A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.

An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518)

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from a nucleoside diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)

GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Neutral glycosphingolipids that contain a monosaccharide, normally glucose or galactose, in 1-ortho-beta-glycosidic linkage with the primary alcohol of an N-acyl sphingoid (ceramide). In plants the monosaccharide is normally glucose and the sphingoid usually phytosphingosine. In animals, the monosaccharide is usually galactose, though this may vary with the tissue and the sphingoid is usually sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1st ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)

Glycosphingolipids containing N-acetylglucosamine (paragloboside) or N-acetylgalactosamine (globoside). Globoside is the P antigen on erythrocytes and paragloboside is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of erythrocyte blood group ABH and P 1 glycosphingolipid antigens. The accumulation of globoside in tissue, due to a defect in hexosaminidases A and B, is the cause of Sandhoff disease.

Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They are sphingoids attached via their amino groups to a long chain fatty acyl group. They abnormally accumulate in FABRY DISEASE.

A group of autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders marked by the accumulation of GANGLIOSIDES. They are caused by impaired enzymes or defective cofactors required for normal ganglioside degradation in the LYSOSOMES. Gangliosidoses are classified by the specific ganglioside accumulated in the defective degradation pathway.

Protein synthesized by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI as a single chain of ~150 kDa with 35% sequence identity to BOTULINUM TOXIN that is cleaved to a light and a heavy chain that are linked by a single disulfide bond. Tetanolysin is the hemolytic and tetanospasmin is the neurotoxic principle. The toxin causes disruption of the inhibitory mechanisms of the CNS, thus permitting uncontrolled nervous activity, leading to fatal CONVULSIONS.

A group of recessively inherited diseases characterized by the intralysosomal accumulation of G(M2) GANGLIOSIDE in the neuronal cells. Subtypes include mutations of enzymes in the BETA-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASES system or G(M2) ACTIVATOR PROTEIN leading to disruption of normal degradation of GANGLIOSIDES, a subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS.

Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.

Diseases characterized by injury or dysfunction involving multiple peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process may primarily affect myelin or nerve axons. Two of the more common demyelinating forms are acute inflammatory polyradiculopathy (GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME) and POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING. Polyradiculoneuritis refers to inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots.

An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A variant of the GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME characterized by the acute onset of oculomotor dysfunction, ataxia, and loss of deep tendon reflexes with relative sparing of strength in the extremities and trunk. The ataxia is produced by peripheral sensory nerve dysfunction and not by cerebellar injury. Facial weakness and sensory loss may also occur. The process is mediated by autoantibodies directed against a component of myelin found in peripheral nerves. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1313; Neurology 1987 Sep;37(9):1493-8)

Cerebrosides which contain as their polar head group a glucose moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramides. Their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in beta-glucosidase, is the cause of Gaucher's disease.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An amino alcohol with a long unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Sphingosine and its derivative sphinganine are the major bases of the sphingolipids in mammals. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder.

Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.

Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.

Immunologic techniques involved in diagnosis.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

The minimum acceptable patient care, based on statutes, court decisions, policies, or professional guidelines.

A class of membrane lipids that have a polar head and two nonpolar tails. They are composed of one molecule of the long-chain amino alcohol sphingosine (4-sphingenine) or one of its derivatives, one molecule of a long-chain acid, a polar head alcohol and sometimes phosphoric acid in diester linkage at the polar head group. (Lehninger et al, Principles of Biochemistry, 2nd ed)

The role of homophilic binding in anti-tumor antibody R24 recognition of molecular surfaces. Demonstration of an intermolecular beta-sheet interaction between vh domains. (1/1980)

The murine antibody R24 and mouse-human Fv-IgG1(kappa) chimeric antibody chR24 are specific for the cell-surface tumor antigen disialoganglioside GD3. X-ray diffraction and surface plasmon resonance experiments have been employed to study the mechanism of "homophilic binding," in which molecules of R24 recognize and bind to other molecules of R24 though their heavy chain variable domains. R24 exhibits strong binding to liposomes containing disialoganglioside GD3; however, the kinetics are unusual in that saturation of binding is not observed. The binding of chR24 to GD3-bearing liposomes is significantly weaker, suggesting that cooperative interactions involving antibody constant regions contribute to R24 binding of membrane-bound GD3. The crystal structures of the Fabs from R24 and chR24 reveal the mechanism for homophilic binding and confirm that the homophilic and antigen-binding idiotopes are distinct. The homophilic binding idiotope is formed largely by an anti-parallel beta-sheet dimerization between the H2 complementarity determining region (CDR) loops of two Fabs, while the antigen-binding idiotope is a pocket formed by the three CDR loops on the heavy chain. The formation of homophilic dimers requires the presence of a canonical conformation for the H2 CDR in conjunction with participation of side chains. The relative positions of the homophilic and antigen-binding sites allows for a lattice of GD3-specific antibodies to be constructed, which is stabilized by the presence of the cell membrane. This model provides for the selective recognition by R24 of cells that overexpress GD3 on the cell surface. (+info)

Partial purification and properties of porcine thymus lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase. (2/1980)

Porcine thymus lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase was purified by a simple procedure. In the final step of isoelectric focusing the enzyme was separated into two peaks of pI 6.3 (peak I) and 7.0 (peak II), which showed 3,600- and 4,000-fold enhancement of lactosylceramide-hydrolysing activity, respectively. The two peaks had identical mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight was 34,000. Neither monosialoganglioside (GM1) nor galactosylceramide was hydrolysed by the purified enzyme fractions. The optimal pH was at 4.6, and sodium taurocholate was essential for the reaction. The apparent Km was 2.3 x 10-5 M. The reaction was stimulated by sodium chloride and linoleic acid, while it was strongly inhibited by Triton X-100 and bovine serum albumin. Galactosylceramide, p-nitrophenyl beta-galactoside, and p-nitrophenol were weak inhibitors. No effects of GM1 and galactose were observed on the hydrolysis of lactosylceramide. (+info)

Gangliosides of human kidney. (3/1980)

Five gangliosides isolated from human kidney have been characterized. The two main fractions were shown to be typical extraneural gangliosides in having lactose as their neutral carbohydrate moiety. Their structures were identified as: AcNeu(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(beta1-1)Cer and AcNeu(alpha2-8)AcNeu(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(beta1-1)Cer. The two main hexosamine-containing gangliosides are structurally related to human blood group substances of glycosphingolipid nature. The following structures are postulated: AcNeu(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(beta1-1)Cer and AcNeu(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc(beta1-1) Cer. The third hexosamine-containing ganglioside belongs to a different series of glycolipids and was shown to have the structure of a major ganglioside of human brain: AcNeu(alpha2-3)Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc(beta1-4)[AcNeu(alpha2-3)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc(beta1- 1)Cer. The fatty acid structure of different gangliosides was shown to resemble that of neutral glycolipids of human kidney with the nonhydroxy acids C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0 as major components. (+info)

Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. (4/1980)

The possible role of galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1) ganglioside in the lipolytic activity of cholera toxin on isolated fat cells has been examined. Analyses of the ganglioside content and composition of intact fat cells, their membranous ghosts, and the total particulate fraction of these cells indicate that N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GM3) represents the major ganglioside, with substantial amounts of N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM2) and smaller amounts of other higher homologues also present. Native GM1 was not detected in any of these preparations. Examination of the relative capacities of various exogenously added radiolabeled sphingolipids to bind to the cells indicated that GM2 and glucosylsphingosine were accumulated by the cells to extents comparable to GM1. Galactosylsphingosine and sulfatide also exhibited significant, although lesser, binding affinities for the cells. The adipocytes appeared to nonspecifically bind exogenously added GM1; saturation of binding sites for GM1 could not be observed up to the highest concentration tested (2 X 10(-4) M), wherein about 7 X 10(9) molecules were associated with the cells. Essentially all of this exogenously added GM1 was found bound to the plasma membrane "ghost" fraction. Investigation of the biological responses of the cells confirmed their sensitivities to both cholera toxin and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis, as well as the lag period displayed during the toxin's action. While we could confirm that the toxin's lipolytic activity can be enhanced by prior treatment of the fat cells with GM1, several of the observed characteristics of this phenomenon differ from earlier reported findings. Accordingly, added GM1 was able to enhance only the subsequent rate, but not the extent, of toxin-stimulated glycerol release (lipolysis) from the cells. We also were unable to confirm the ability of GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity at either saturating or at low toxin concentrations. The limited ability of added GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity appeared in a unique bell-shaped dose-response manner. The inability of high levels of GM1 to stimulate a dose of toxin that was ineffective on native cells suggests that the earlier reported ability of crude brain gangliosides to accomplish this was due to some component other than GM1 in the crude extract. While several glycosphingolipids and some other carbohydrate-containing substances that were tested lacked the ability to mimic the enhancing effect of GM1, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside exhibited an effect similar to, although less pronounced than, that of GM1. The findings in these studies are unable to lend support to the earlier hypothesis that (a) GM1 is cholera toxin's naturally occurring membrane receptor on native fat cells, and (b) the ability of exogenously added GM1 to enhance the toxin's lipolytic activity represents the specific creation of additional natural receptors on adipocytes... (+info)

Atherosclerotic aortic gangliosides enhance integrin-mediated platelet adhesion to collagen. (5/1980)

Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, accumulate in atherosclerotic vessels. Their role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is unknown. Gangliosides isolated from tumor cells promote collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and ATP secretion and enhance platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen. These activities are all mediated by ganglioside effects on the platelet integrin collagen receptor alpha2beta1. Therefore, we hypothesized that gangliosides isolated from atherosclerotic plaques would enhance platelet adhesion to immobilized collagen, a major component of the subendothelial matrix of blood vessels. Furthermore, we questioned whether this effect of atherosclerotic gangliosides might play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis, we isolated the gangliosides from postmortem aortas of patients with extensive atherosclerotic disease and examined their effects on platelet adhesion. Samples of aortic tissue taken from areas involved with atherosclerotic plaque demonstrated accumulation of gangliosides (64.9+/-6.5 nmol/g wet weight) compared with gangliosides isolated from control normal aortic tissue taken from children who died of noncardiac causes (NAGs; 21.1+/-6.4 nmol/g wet weight). Interestingly, samples of tissue taken from diseased aortas but from areas not involved with gross plaque formation also demonstrated ganglioside accumulation (47.6+/-12.8 nmol/g wet weight). Next, the activity of each of these gangliosides on platelet adhesion to immobilized type I collagen was studied. Atherosclerotic aortic gangliosides (AAGs) as well as those isolated from grossly unaffected areas of the same aorta (UAGs) both increased platelet adhesion compared with control NAGs (OD570, 0. 37+/-0.11 and 0.29+/-0.14 versus 0.16+/-0.07, respectively; P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). These OD570 values corresponded to 9x10(5), 8x10(4), and 6x10(3) platelets per well after preincubation with 5 micromol/L AAG, UAG, and NAG, respectively. Increased adhesion was observed after preincubation with as little as 0.5 micromol/L AAG, and maximal adhesion was seen at 2.5 micromol/L, with a plateau extending to the highest concentration tested, 10 micromol/L. The effect of AAGs on platelet adhesion to collagen was abrogated by incubation of treated platelets with F-17 anti-alpha2 monoclonal antibody (OD570, 0.13+/-0.02). Finally, the effects of the major individual gangliosides isolated from atherosclerotic tissues, GM3 and GD3, were tested. GM3 increased adhesion to collagen (OD570, 0.415+/-0.06) as did GD3 (0.31+/-0.08). Similar to that of AAGs, the effect of both molecules was blocked by F-17 (0. 09+/-0.04 and 0.13+/-0.06, respectively). These experiments demonstrate that accumulated atherosclerotic gangliosides promote platelet adhesion to collagen, the major component of the subendothelial matrix. Furthermore, this activity is mediated by an effect of the gangliosides on the collagen-binding integrin alpha2beta1. This activity may provide a mechanism for the development of platelet thrombi at sites where atherosclerotic gangliosides accumulate and help to explain the role of platelets in the process of atherosclerotic disease progression. (+info)

Antiganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barre syndrome after a recent cytomegalovirus infection. (6/1980)

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between anti-ganglioside antibody responses and Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS) after a recent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. METHODS: Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was undertaken on serum samples from 14 patients with GBS with recent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (CMV+GBS) and 12 without (CMV-GBS), 17 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), 11 patients with a recent CMV infection but without neurological involvement, 11 patients with recent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection but without neurological involvement, and 20 normal control (NC) subjects. RESULTS: IgM antibodies were found at 1:100 serum dilution to gangliosides GM2 (six of 14 patients), GM1 (four of 14), GD1a (three of 14) and GD1b (two of 14) in the serum samples of the CMV+GBS patients, but not in those of any of the CMV-GBS patients. IgM antibodies were also found to gangliosides GM1, GD1a, and GD1b in one of 11 OND patients, to ganglioside GM1 in one of 11 non- neurological CMV patients, and to ganglioside GD1b in one of 20 NC subjects. Some patients with EBV infection had IgM antibodies to gangliosides GM1 (five of 11), GM2 (three of 11), and GD1a (two of 11). However, the antibodies to ganglioside GM2 had a low titre, none being positive at 1:200 dilution, whereas five of the CMV+GBS serum samples remained positive at this dilution. CONCLUSION: Antibodies to ganglioside GM2 are often associated with GBS after CMV infection, but their relevance is not known. It is unlikely that CMV infection and anti-ganglioside GM2 antibodies are solely responsible and an additional factor is required to elicit GBS. (+info)

The distribution of ganglioside-like moieties in peripheral nerves. (7/1980)

GM1 ganglioside has been implicated as a target of immune attack in some diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies are associated with certain acquired immune-mediated neuropathies. It is not clear how anti-GM1 antibodies cause nerve dysfunction and injury; however, sodium and/or potassium ion channel dysfunction at the node of Ranvier has been implicated. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of these neuropathies, we examined the distribution of GM1 ganglioside and Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc moieties in nerve fibres and their relationship to voltage-gated sodium and potassium (Kv1.1, 1.5) channels at the nodes of Ranvier in peripheral nerves from human, rat and dystrophic mice. Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc moieties were localized via the binding of cholera toxin and peanut agglutinin. As a control for the specificity of these findings, we compared the distribution of GM1 moieties to that of the ganglioside GT1b. Our study provides definitive evidence for the presence of Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc bearing moieties on the axolemmal surface of mature myelinated fibres and on Schwann cells. Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc binding sites did not have an obligatory co-localization with voltage-gated sodium channels or the potassium ion channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.5 and are thus not likely carried by these ion channels. In contrast with Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc, GT1b-like moieties are restricted to the axolemma. (+info)

De-N-acetyl-gangliosides in humans: unusual subcellular distribution of a novel tumor antigen. (8/1980)

The disialoganglioside GD3 is a major antigen in human melanomas that can undergo 9-O-acetylation of the outer sialic acid (giving 9-OAc-GD3). Monoclonal antibody SGR37 detects a different modification of the GD3, de-N-acetylation of the 5-N-acetyl group (giving de-N-Ac-GD3). We found that conventional immunohistochemistry of the SGR37 antigen is limited by a reduction in reactivity upon fixation with aldehydes (which presumably react with the free amino group) or with organic reagents (which can extract glycolipids). We optimized conditions for detection of this antigen in unfixed frozen tissue sections and studied its distribution in human tissues and tumors. It is expressed at low levels in a few blood vessels, infiltrating mononuclear cells in the skin and colon, and at moderate levels in skin melanocytes. In contrast, the antigen accumulates at high levels in many melanomas and in some lymphomas but not in carcinomas. In positive melanomas, expression is sometimes more intense and widespread than that of GD3. Both 9-O-acetylation and de-N-acetylation of GD3 seem to occur after its initial biosynthesis. Isotype-matched antibodies against GD3, 9-O-acetyl-GD3 and de-N-acetyl-GD3 were used to compare their subcellular localization and trafficking. 9-O-acetyl-GD3 colocalizes with GD3 predominantly on the cell surface and partly in lysosomal compartments. In contrast, de-N-acetyl-GD3 has a diffuse intracellular location. Adsorptive endocytosis of antibodies indicates that whereas GD3 remains predominantly on the cell surface, de-N-acetyl-GD3 is efficiently internalized into a compartment that is distinct from lysosomes. Rounding up of melanoma cells occurring during growth in culture is associated with relocation of the internal pool of de-N-acetyl-GD3 to the cell surface. Thus, a minor modification of the polar head group of a tumor-associated glycosphingolipid can markedly affect the subcellular localization and trafficking of the whole molecule. The high levels of the SGR37 antigen in melanomas and lymphomas, its selective endocytosis from the cell surface, and its relocation to the cell surface of rounded up cells suggest potential uses in diagnostic or therapeutic approaches to these diseases. (+info)

... they are not always available for each ganglioside. Therefore, indirect measurement of ganglioside expression by quantifying ... GD1a, ganglioside also serves as SeV receptor and is found in large quantities on the surfaces of breast cancer stem cells. ... "Correction: Specific Gangliosides Function as Host Cell Receptors for Sendai Virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Umeda M, Nojima S, Inoue K (February 1984). "Activity of human erythrocyte gangliosides as a receptor to HVJ". Virology. 133 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

Separation of membranes with different ratios of ganglioside sialylating activity to gangliosides". Biochem. J. 168 (3): 325-32 ... Landa CA, Maccioni HJ, Arce A, Caputto R (1977). "The biosynthesis of brain gangliosides. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactosylceramide_alpha-2,6-N-sialyltransferase

Higuchi, Ryuichi; Inagaki, Masanori; Yamada, Koji; Miyamoto, Tomofumi (2007). "Biologically active gangliosides from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterias_versicolor

Seyfried, Thomas N.; Yu, Robert K.; Miyazawa, Nobuko; Lai, Yin‐Lok (1982). "Retinal Gangliosides in RCS Mutant Rats". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun_Lai

Gangliosides: the most complex animal glycolipids. They contain negatively charged oligosacchrides with one or more sialic acid ... Ariga T, McDonald MP, Yu RK (June 2008). "Role of ganglioside metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--a review ... They may be as complicated a set of compounds as the negatively charged gangliosides in animals. Glycophosphatidylinositols: a ... residues; more than 200 different gangliosides have been identified. They are most abundant in nerve cells. Globosides: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolipid

Certain aspects of lipid rafts inhibit EGF receptor function: the ganglioside component of lipid rafts was shown to inhibit ... For example, fluorophores conjugated to cholera-toxin B-subunit, which binds to the raft constituent ganglioside GM1 is used ... Miljan, Erik A; Bremer, Eric G. (2002). "Regulation of growth factor receptors by gangliosides". Sci STKE. 2002 (160): RE15. ... ganglioside GM1 located in lipid rafts and major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecule. Binding of SV40 with MHC class I ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_raft

GM2A (GM2 ganglioside activator) has been viewed as a member of the SAP family and has been called SAP-3 (sphingolipid ... Hiraiwa M, Soeda S, Kishimoto Y, O'Brien JS (1993). "Binding and transport of gangliosides by prosaposin". Proc. Natl. Acad. ... 1990). "The complete amino-acid sequences of human ganglioside GM2 activator protein and cerebroside sulfate activator protein ... GM1 ganglioside activator, dispersin, and nonspecific. It has been observed that this particular saposin activates many enzymes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosaposin

GM1 gangliosides are found in lipid rafts on the cell surface. B subunit complexes labelled with fluorescent tags or ... Enterotoxin Ganglioside Ryan KJ; Ray CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 375. ISBN 978-0- ... Cholera toxin acts by the following mechanism: First, the B subunit ring of the cholera toxin binds to GM1 gangliosides on the ... 2018) GM1 ganglioside-independent intoxication by Cholera toxin. PLoS Pathog 14(2): e1006862. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_toxin

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecromeximab

Defects in the enzyme alpha-galactosidase lead to the buildup of globotriaosylceramide, causing Fabry's disease.[3] The pharmaceutical drug migalastat enhances the function of alpha-galactosidase and is used to treat Fabry's. Globotriaosylceramide is also one of the targets of Shiga toxin, which is responsible for pathogenicity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The bacterial Shiga toxin can be used for targeted therapy of gastric cancer, because this tumor entity expresses the receptor of the Shiga toxin. For this purpose an unspecific chemotherapeutical is conjugated to the B-subunit to make it specific. In this way only the tumor cells, but not healthy cells should be destroyed during therapy.[4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globotriaosylceramide

... s include: Cerebrosides Gangliosides Globosides Gangliosides are mainly found in the cell membranes of the ... However, gangliosides are also found in other cells. Sialic acids are, for example, part of the so-called sialyl-Lewis-x ... While in gangliosides sialic acids are found, sulfatides have a sulfate group. The structural similarity of most glycolipids is ... in case of gangliosides it affects the gangliosidoses (e.g. Tay-Sachs disease) . Sphingomyelin Charles Chalfant, Maurizio Del ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosphingolipid

Gangliosides are membrane-bound glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid. Ganglioside GD3 is known to be important for cell ... 2006). "Fundamental study of small interfering RNAs for ganglioside GD3 synthase gene as a therapeutic target of lung cancers ... 1997). "Requirement for GD3 ganglioside in CD95- and ceramide-induced apoptosis". Science. 277 (5332): 1652-5. doi:10.1126/ ... is a type II membrane protein that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to GM3 to produce gangliosides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST8SIA1

... uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-ganglioside GM3 acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, ganglioside GM2 synthase, ganglioside GM3 ... Dicesare JL, Dain JA (March 1971). "The enzymic synthesis of ganglioside. IV. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: (N-acetylneuraminyl)- ... "Interruption of ganglioside synthesis produces central nervous system degeneration and altered axon-glial interactions". ... ceramide This enzyme catalyses the formation of the gangliosides (i.e. sialic-acid-containing glycosphingolipids) GM2, GD2 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide_N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

Anti-ganglioside antibodies "Mitumomab - AdisInsight". Adisinsight.springer.com. 2005-06-13. Retrieved 2017-01-06. Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitumomab

Her thesis is titled "Structure and Function of Gangliosides". Between 1995 and 1997 she was head of the Department of Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Fredman

MPyV capsid protein VP1 binds to sialic acids of gangliosides GD1a and GT1b on the cell surface. The functions of VP2 and VP3 ... Tsai, B; Gilbert, JM; Stehle, T; Lencer, W; Benjamin, TL; Rapoport, TA (1 September 2003). "Gangliosides are receptors for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_polyomavirus

GM2 and GD2 gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. GalNAc-T is the enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of ... 4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase cDNAs that determine the expression of GM2 and GD2 gangliosides". J Biol Chem. 267 (17): ... 4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase cDNAs that determine the expression of GM2 and GD2 gangliosides". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (9): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B4GALNT1

Both the ganglioside and the GPI-anchored protein are located in lipid microdomains and both are requisite for specific TeNT ... Winter, A; Ulrich, WP; Wetterich, F; Weller, U; Galla, HJ (17 June 1996). "Gangliosides in phospholipid bilayer membranes: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanospasmin

Tsai B, Gilbert JM, Stehle T, Lencer W, Benjamin TL, Rapoport TA (September 2003). "Gangliosides are receptors for murine ... including some gangliosides, on the surfaces of cells to initiate the process of viral infection. The VP1 protein, along with ... including some gangliosides, on the cell surface. Canonically, VP1 interacts specifically with α(2,3)-linked and α(2,6)-linked ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_capsid_protein_VP1

... (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside) the "prototype" ganglioside, is a member of the ganglio series of gangliosides which ... Sphingolipidoses Structures of GM1, GM2, GM3 gangliosides Mocchetti I (2005). "Exogenous gangliosides, neuronal plasticity and ... The secreted toxin attaches to the surface of the host mucosa cell by binding to GM1 gangliosides. GM1 consists of a sialic ... 1994). "IgM ganglioside GM1 antibodies in patients with autoimmune disease or neuropathy, and controls". J. Clin. Pathol. 47 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM1

Antibodies to ganglioside are found to be elevated in coeliac disease. Recent studies show that gliadin can cross-link to ... IgA to gangliosides have been observed in Guillain-Barré syndrome. IgM. IgM antibodies have been detected in early work, but ... Autoantigenic gangliosides that are currently known are GD3, GM1, GQ3 and GT1. Anti-GD3 antibodies have been found in ... 1994). "IgM ganglioside GM1 antibodies in patients with autoimmune disease or neuropathy, and controls". J. Clin. Pathol. 47 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiganglioside_antibodies

Horowitz SH (1984). "Ganglioside (Cronassial) therapy in diabetic neuropathy". Ganglioside Structure, Function, and Biomedical ... Beginning in 1975, she supported the drug Cronassial (a particular mixture of gangliosides) produced by Fidia from bovine brain ... Staughton RC, Good J (1990). "Double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a mixture of gangliosides ('Cronassial') in ... While working for Fidia, she improved the understanding of gangliosides. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini

The hydrolysis of GM2-ganglioside requires three proteins. Two of them are subunits of hexosaminidase A; the third is a small ... The mutation disrupts the activity of the enzyme, which results in the buildup of the molecule GM2 ganglioside within cells, ... This red spot is a retinal area that appears red because of gangliosides in the surrounding retinal ganglion cells. The ... Deficiency in any one of these proteins leads to ganglioside storage, primarily in the lysosomes of neurons. Tay-Sachs disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay–Sachs_disease

... (monosialodihexosylganglioside) is a type of ganglioside. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and M is for monosialic acid ... GM3 serves as a precursor for other, more complex gangliosides. Like other gangliosides, GM3 is synthesized in the Golgi ... Chung TW, Choi HJ, Kim SJ, Kwak CH, Song KH, Jin UH, Chang YC, Chang HW, Lee YC, Ha KT, Kim CH (2014-05-14). "The ganglioside ... Wang H, Isaji T, Satoh M, Li D, Arai Y, Gu J (January 2013). "Antitumor effects of exogenous ganglioside GM3 on bladder cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM3

Bachhawat has contributed to the knowledge on the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides, gangliosides and cerebrosulphatides, ... "Interaction between lectin from Ricinus communis and liposome containing gangliosides". Nature. 257 (5529): 802-804. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimal_Kumar_Bachhawat

There he isolated two glysosphingolipids and studied antibodies to gangliosides. These findings were useful to further ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Rapport, Maurice (1990). "Implications of Altered Brain Ganglioside Profiles in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_M._Rapport

Shirure VS, Henson KA, Schnaar RL, Nimrichter L, Burdick MM (March 2011). "Gangliosides expressed on breast cancer cells are E- ... and gangliosides were identified as E-selectin ligands present on breast cancer cells. On human neutrophils the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-selectin

MAG-oligosaccharide complex structures and biophysical assays show how MAG engages axonal gangliosides at domain Ig1. MAG is a ... "Myelin-associated glycoprotein interacts with ganglioside GT1b. A mechanism for neurite outgrowth inhibition". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein

Gangliosides are made and biodegraded rapidly in early life as the brain develops. Except in some rare, late-onset forms, the ... GM2 (ganglioside) Mahuran DJ (1999-10-08). "Biochemical consequences of mutations causing the GM2 gangliosidoses". Biochimica ... This enzyme catalyzes the biodegradation of fatty acid derivatives known as gangliosides. The diseases are better known by ... The disease occurs when harmful quantities of cell membrane gangliosides accumulate in the brain's nerve cells, eventually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM2_gangliosidoses

Examples of these are the simple and complex glycosphingolipids such as cerebrosides and gangliosides. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid ( N-acetyl- or N-glycolylneuraminic acid). They have elicited much ... Maccioni, H. J. F., Arce, A., and Caputto, R., 1971a, The biosynthesis of gangliosides, labelling of rat brain gangliosides in ... Watanabe, K., and Hakomori, S.-I., 1979, Ganglioside of human erythrocytes. A novel ganglio-side with a unique N- ... Wiegandt, H., and Schulze, B., 1969, Spleen gangliosides: the structure of ganglioside Glntet1, Z. Naturforsch. Teil B 24: 945- ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7541-8_3

Gangliosides, sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, are normal components of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells and ... Novak A, Lowden JA, Gravel YL, Wolfe LS (1979) Preparation of radiolabeled GM2 and GA2 gangliosides. J Lipid Res 678-681.Google ... Elucidation of the structure of ganglioside GM3 lactone. J Biochem 98, 1367-1373.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Gangliosides, sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, are normal components of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells and ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-5309-7_2

Gangliosides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of gangliosides at lipidlibrary.co ... Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Gangliosides are ... More than 60 gangliosides are known, which differ from each other mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a ... A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglioside

GM2 is a type of ganglioside. G refers to ganglioside, the M is for monosialic (as in it has one sialic acid), and 2 refers to ... Ganglioside GM2 activator protein Sphingolipidoses Structures of GM1, GM2, GM3 gangliosides Guetta E, Peleg L (2008). "Rapid ... Ganglioside+GM2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). ... the fact that it was the second monosialic ganglioside discovered. It is associated with GM2 gangliosidoses such as Tay-Sachs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM2_(ganglioside)

These gangliosides are not angiogenic but they influence the endothelial cell behavior. In particular when the PGE1 dose is ... The gangliosides tested acted as modulators of the angiogenic response by promoting the angiogenic capacity of molecules, such ... Prostaglandins and gangliosides of tumor microenvironment: their role in angiogenesis.. Gullino PM1. ... Before angiogenesis appears the ganglioside content of the cornea doubles with sharp reduction of the GM3/GD3 ratio. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7540024?dopt=Abstract

Brain gangliosides of GM3S−/− mice. Gangliosides were isolated from brains of GM3S+/+ and GM3S−/− mice. The samples were either ... 2). Brain gangliosides from GM3S+/+ and GM3S−/− mice were treated with V. cholera sialidase. On complex brain gangliosides, the ... 1A). The GM3S−/− mice expressed major ganglioside species that comigrated with GM1b and GD1α gangliosides of the 0-series (Figs ... Ganglioside Analysis.. Gangliosides were isolated as described (9). For sialidase treatment, the reaction mixture contained the ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/100/6/3445?ijkey=9f8691f1ebebe037b75cf82fc7e1d04abe9000a3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Ganglioside Structure, Function and Biomedical Potential which was held at Parksville, Vancouver Island, B. C. , Canada on ... Ganglioside Structure, Function, and Biomedical Potential. Editors. * Robert Ledeen Series Title. Advances in Experimental ... Immunological Expression of Gangliosides in Multiple Sclerosis and in a Demyelinating Model Disease in Rabbits ... The Labeling of the Retina and Optic Tectum Gangliosides and Glycoproteins of Chickens in Darkness or Exposed to Light ...

https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781468412024?utm_campaign=sl-buybox_bookPage_print&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=springerlink

We have recently shown that in addition to the previously described binding partner ganglioside GM1, CTB binds to fucosylated ...

https://gu.se/forskning/publikation/?tipFriend=true&tipUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fgu.se%2Fforskning%2Fpublikation%2F%3FpublicationId%3D265321&publicationId=265321

Gangliosides for acute ischaemic stroke. There is no evidence that treatment with ganglioside reduces disability after stroke. ... Gangliosides are a component of cells membranes and can protect neurons against injuries and enhance their growth. Ganglioside ... Randomised trials of gangliosides compared with placebo or standard treatment in people with definite or presumed ischaemic ... There is not enough evidence to conclude that gangliosides are beneficial in acute stroke. Caution is warranted because of ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD000094/STROKE_gangliosides-for-acute-ischaemic-stroke

Repeated injection of gangliosides alone in human or in mouse is not enough for inducing the synthesis of anti-ganglioside ... Figure 2: Schematic representation of the main pathway of O-acetyl-GD2 ganglioside biosynthesis. GD2 ganglioside is synthesized ... 3. Metabolism of O-Acetyl-GD2 Ganglioside. The modification of ganglioside expression in oncogenesis is mainly associated with ... a specific ganglioside profile, which is modified during embryogenesis, and ontogenesis [13]. Some ganglioside species further ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2017/5604891/

If you would like to schedule an appointment with one of our nationally ranked specialists or Primary Care physicians please click or call 800-881-7385.. ...

https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/laboratory-services/lab-test-directory/gm1-antibody-panel

Furthermore, LtxA did not show a preference for any individual ganglioside. LtxA also bound to ganglioside-rich C6 rat glioma ... Interaction between LtxA and C6 cells could be blocked by gangliosides with no apparent specificity. Gangliosides were only ... However, gangliosides were able to completely block LtxA-mediated hemolysis. ... and the effect was only observed when a high ratio of ganglioside:LtxA was used over a short incubation period. Based on the ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/12/2824/xml

Furthermore, LtxA did not show a preference for any individual ganglioside. LtxA also bound to ganglioside-rich C6 rat glioma ... Interaction between LtxA and C6 cells could be blocked by gangliosides with no apparent specificity. Gangliosides were only ... Gangliosides block Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (LtxA)-mediated hemolysis.. [Michael S Forman, Jason B ... However, gangliosides were able to completely block LtxA-mediated hemolysis. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/22069577

Pathogenicity of anti-ganglioside antibodies in the Guillain-Barré syndrome.. van Sorge NM1, van der Pol WL, Jansen MD, van den ... Antibodies directed against glycolipid structures (gangliosides), which are highly expressed in the peripheral nervous system, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15003189

Here, we report that ganglioside GD2 (a glycosphingolipid) identifies a small fraction of cells in human breast cancer cell ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/59735/pdf

Keywords:extracellular nucleotide metabolism, CD38, NAD+, sialic acid, glycolipids, Gangliosides. Abstract: Gangliosides are ... Gangliosides are glycolipids that contain sialic acid and they are mainly located on the outer leaflet of the cellular plasma ... Gangliosides Potentially Inhibit Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism. Author(s): Miki Hara-Yokoyama. Department of Hard Tissue ... Although they are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS), the complete loss of gangliosides in mice does not result in ...

http://www.eurekaselect.com/node/57664/article

In this review, we describe how proteins recognize gangliosides, focusing on the molecular recognition of gangliosides ... In this review, we describe how proteins recognize gangliosides, focusing on the molecular recognition of gangliosides ... Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example as receptors in ... Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example as receptors in ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00325/full

Ganglioside GM1 (GM1) micelles have been studied by means of water proton T1 NMRD experiment. The ﬁeld dependent spin-lattice ... A Proton Water T1-NMRD Study of Ganglioside Micelles. Westlund, Per-Olof Umeå University, Faculty of Science and Technology, ... Proton T1.NMRD Profiels, Proton Spin-lattice Relaxation, Ganglioside Micelles National Category Chemical Sciences Identifiers. ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:956454

Ganglioside-1, -2, and -3 migrated above GD1b, below GQ1b, and far below GQ1b on thin-layer chromatography. Ganglioside-4 had ... four A2B5-reactive gangliosides (designated as G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4) were purified from bonito fish brain. ... Ganglioside-1, -2, and -3 migrated above GD1b, below GQ1b, and far below GQ1b on thin-layer chromatography. Ganglioside-4 had ... The antibody A2B5 reacted with these c-series gangliosides, but not with GD3 and other gangliosides and neutral ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11432974/?dopt=Abstract

References for Abcams Anti-Ganglioside GD3 antibody [4F6] (ab6217). Please let us know if you have used this product in your ...

http://www.abcam.com/ganglioside-gd3-antibody-4f6-ab6217-references.html

... the peripheral nerve gangliosides, authentic GM1, bovine brain ganglioside mixture (Cronassial; Fidia, Padova, Italy), and each ... d) Anti-ganglioside Ab from rabbits that developed limb weakness after sensitization with C. jejuni LOS. Of the bovine brain ... a) Carbohydrate mimicry of GM1 ganglioside by the LOS of C. jejuni (CF 90-26) from a GBS patient. GM1 is located in the nerve ... The anti-GM1 mAb bound to the GM1 of human peripheral nerve gangliosides on a TLC plate. A point worth noting is that GM1 is ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/101/31/11404?ijkey=a26295ed1e8c8960d0c44b253146b76df6feb5a9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Subjects were randomized to receive GM1 ganglioside for 24 weeks.. Drug: GM1 ganglioside 100 mg twice per day by subcutaneous ... GM1 ganglioside is a chemical that is normally found in the brain and is a normal part of the outer covering or membrane of ... The study is designed to further examine the extent to which GM1 ganglioside can improve symptoms, delay disease progression, ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00037830

Tettamanti G., Venerando B., Cestaro B., Preti A. (1976) Brain Neuraminidases and Gangliosides. In: Porcellati G., Ceccarelli B ... Tettamanti G. (eds) Ganglioside Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 71. Springer, Boston, MA. https:// ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-4614-9_5

Lipids , sphingolipids , glycosphingolipids , gangliosides Definition: Gangliosides are glycosylated sphingolipids enriched in ... Lipids > sphingolipids > glycosphingolipids > gangliosides. Definition: Gangliosides are glycosylated sphingolipids enriched in ... Cerebrosides have a single glucose or galactose at the 1-hydroxy position, while gangliosides have at least three sugars, one ... Further studies pointed out that in AD brain tissue the total ganglioside pattern is significantly altered, which emphasizes ...

https://www.humpath.com/spip.php?article13081

GM1 ganglioside improves dopaminergic markers of rat mesencephalic cultures treated with MPP+. A Dalia, NH Neff and M ... All of these parameters were partially restored by adding GM1 ganglioside to the cultures. The response to GM1 was not altered ... GM1 ganglioside improves dopaminergic markers of rat mesencephalic cultures treated with MPP+ ... Rat embryonic mesencephalic cultures were employed to evaluate the consequences of adding GM1 ganglioside to cultures lesioned ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/13/7/3104

... certain galectins also target the monosialylated pentasaccharide of ganglioside GM1. Enzymatic interconversion of ganglioside ... Ledeen, Robert W.; Kopitz, Jürgen; Abad-Rodriguez, Jose; Gabius, Hans-Joachim (2018): Glycan Chains of Gangliosides: Functional ... Thus glycans of gangliosides such as GD1a and GM1 are functional counterreceptors by a pairing with tissue lectins, an emerging ... Among the resulting glycosphingolipids, gangliosides are special due to the presence of at least one sialic acid in the glycan ...

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/65826/

Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic ... Ganglioside GM3 suppresses the proangiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and ganglioside GD1a. J Lipid Res. ... Altered Expression of Ganglioside Metabolizing Enzymes Results in GM3 Ganglioside Accumulation in Cerebellar Cells of a Mouse ... A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N- ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/G

Antibodies against ganglioside complexes in Guillain-Barré syndrome and related disorders. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone ... Gangliosides along with other components as cholesterol are known to form lipid rafts, in which two different gangliosides may ... Gangliosides along with other components as cholesterol are known to form lipid rafts, in which two different gangliosides may ... Anti-ganglioside complex antibodies associated with severe disability in GBS.. *Antibodies to ganglioside complexes consisting ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21214559/Antibodies_against_ganglioside_complexes_in_Guillain_Barr%C3%A9_syndrome_and_related_disorders_

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition ... Biosynthesis of gangliosides containing C18:1 and C20:1 [3-14C]sphingosine after administrating [1-1… ...

http://www.nextbio.com/b/search/ov/ganglioside%20catabolic%20process?id=34775&type=biogroup

Axotomy-Induced Ganglioside Processing: A Mediator of Axon Regeneration Restricted to the PNS. Andrew Kaplan and Ricardo L. ... 2005) Asymmetric membrane ganglioside sialidase activity specifies axonal fate. Nat Neurosci 8:606-615, doi:10.1038/nn1442, ... Analysis of ganglioside ratios after optic nerve crush in vivo paralleled the lack of GM1 enrichment observed in culture, ... Evidence suggests that gangliosides, a family of plasma membrane glycosphingolipids with one or more sialic acid residues, are ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/26/8659

Guillain-Barré syndrome, which has been linked to the production of anti-ganglioside antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogenicity of anti-ganglioside antibodies in the Guillain-Barré syndrome. (nih.gov)
Antibodies directed against glycolipid structures (gangliosides), which are highly expressed in the peripheral nervous system, are frequently detected in sera from GBS patients. (nih.gov)
Positioned in the plasma membrane, gangliosides interact with other lipids and proteins, both laterally in the membrane and via their head groups, acting as cellular receptors that can be recognized by antibodies and other ganglioside-binding molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Serum anti-ganglioside antibodies are frequently elevated in titer. (unboundmedicine.com)
Those antibodies may specifically recognize a new conformational epitope formed by two gangliosides. (unboundmedicine.com)
Swine and influenza vaccines induce anti-ganglioside antibodies associated with autoimmune neuropathies such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. (greenmedinfo.com)
Anti-ganglioside antibodies (e.g., anti-GM(1)) are associated with the development of GBS, and we hypothesized that the swine flu vaccine contained contaminating moieties (such as Campylobacter jejuni antigens that mimic human gangliosides or other vaccine components) that elicited an anti-GM(1) antibody response in susceptible recipients. (greenmedinfo.com)
Further research into influenza vaccine components that elicit anti-ganglioside responses and the role played by these antibodies (if any) in vaccine-associated GBS is warranted. (greenmedinfo.com)
Three gangliosides containing NeuAcα2-6Gal structure were isolated and were structurally characterized by using monoclonal antibodies, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, methylation analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and exoglycosidase treatments. (aacrjournals.org)
Detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against gangliosides GD1a, GD1b and GT1b. (southend.nhs.uk)
Antibodies to the GD3 ganglioside can induce partial remission of tumor growth in animals as well as in Humans via enhancement of cytotoxic and proliferative response of lymphocytes. (creative-biolabs.com)
In GBS, auto-antibodies bind native membrane gangliosides signalling immune-mediated breakdown of nerves causing acute flaccid paralysis. (gla.ac.uk)
This article presents results of a phase I study of a vaccine designed to induce host anti-ganglioside antibodies that can replicate the antineoplastic activities of intravenously administered MoAbs. (aacrjournals.org)
Anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibodies are the serological hallmark of the Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) variant of the paralytic neuropathy, Guillain- Barré syndrome, and are believed to be the principal pathogenic mediators of the disease. (eur.nl)
Many therapeutic treatments of tumor cells are being investigated using antibodies to target cells that express these elevated levels of gangliosides. (matreya.com)
4. F. Notturno MD, C. Caporale MD, A. Uncini MD "Acute sensory ataxic neuropathy with antibodies to GD1b and GQ1b gangliosides and prompt recovery" Muscle & Nerve, Vol. 37(2) pg. (matreya.com)
Antibodies to ganglioside GD3 block S. mitis binding to platelets. (asm.org)
In the last years, research in this field was dominated by the discovery that infections with the Gram negative curved rod Campy/abaeter jejunifrequently precede GBS and by the finding of antibodies against various peripheral nerve gangliosides in serum from GBS patients. (eur.nl)
Are anti-ganglioside antibodies associated with proventricular dilatation disease in birds? (peerj.com)
Objectives: Anti-ganglioside antibodies are present in approximately half of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients. (gla.ac.uk)
Recently, it has been shown that a considerable proportion of these patients has serum antibodies against antigenic epitopes formed by a complex of two different gangliosides. (gla.ac.uk)
Here, we explored a series of GBS and GBS-variant sera with anti-ganglioside-complex antibodies for their ability to induce complement-dependent deleterious effects at the living neuronal membrane. (gla.ac.uk)
Methods: The neuropathophysiological potential of 31 GBS sera containing either anti-GM1/GD1a- or anti-GM1/GQ1b-ganglioside-complex antibodies was studied at motor nerve terminal presynaptic membranes in the mouse phrenic nerve/diaphragm muscle ex vivo experimental model. (gla.ac.uk)
With electrophysiological measurements and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we assessed and quantified the damaging effect on neuronal membranes by anti-ganglioside-complex antibodies. (gla.ac.uk)
Conclusions: The present study shows the presence of ganglioside-complexes as available antigens in living neuronal membranes and supplies proof-of-principle that anti-ganglioside-complex antibodies in sera from GBS patients can induce complement-mediated damage. (gla.ac.uk)
Anti-ganglioside antibodies in patients with Zika virus infection-associated Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Brazil. (escholarship.org)
We have observed that Zika patients that develop GBS present higher levels of anti-ganglioside antibodies when compared to Zika patients without GBS. (escholarship.org)
We also observed that a broad repertoire of gangliosides was targeted by both IgM and IgG anti-self antibodies in these patients. (escholarship.org)
Since Zika virus infects neurons, which contain membrane gangliosides, antigen presentation of these infected cells may trigger the observed autoimmune anti-ganglioside antibodies suggesting direct infection-induced autoantibodies as a cause leading to GBS development. (escholarship.org)
Collectively, our results establish a link between anti-ganglioside antibodies and Zika-associated GBS in patients. (escholarship.org)
GENTAUR suppliers human normal cells, cell lines, RNA extracts and lots of antibodies and ELISA kits to Human proteins as well as Recombinant human Ganglioside GM2 activator protein. (antibody-antibodies.com)

abstract = "Cellular location of ganglioside-sialidase activity was determined in confluent hamster embryo fibroblasts transformed with herpes simplex virus type 2. (elsevier.com)

In this respect, gangliosides, a broad family of structurally related glycolipids, were suggested as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy based on their higher abundance in tumors when compared with the matched normal tissues. (hindawi.com)
Gangliosides are glycolipids that contain sialic acid and they are mainly located on the outer leaflet of the cellular plasma membrane of most vertebrate and some invertebrate cells. (eurekaselect.com)
After stimulation with EGF, cells depleted of glycolipids showed EGFr phosphorylation and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) activity as parental cells expressing GM3 [ganglioside nomenclature follows Svennerholm (1963) J. Neurochem. (biochemj.org)
In addition to these gangliosides, 5 others were detected, and all except for GM 3 were glycolipids with neolacto-series core structure. (aacrjournals.org)
Its presence against glycolipids, in particular ganglioside GQ1b, was investigated in patients with ophthalmoplegia of unknown origin. (bmj.com)
Gangliosides, complex sialic acid-containing glycolipids, and other glycosphingolipids are active physiological membrane components with an array of functions in development and disease. (gla.ac.uk)
Because SA moieties can be attached to glycolipids (i.e., gangliosides), we next determined whether MNV-1 uses gangliosides during infection. (asm.org)

Interaction between LtxA and C6 cells could be blocked by gangliosides with no apparent specificity. (mdpi.com)
To examine the specificity of monoclonal antibody A2B5, four A2B5-reactive gangliosides (designated as G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4) were purified from bonito fish brain. (nih.gov)
Tissue and developmental specificity of a polysialo-ganglioside species in the amphibian Xenopus. (biomedsearch.com)
3-5 Serum IgM binding to GM1 ganglioside is common in, and has specificity for, multifocal and other immune motor neuropathies. (bmj.com)
5. In conclusion, our results indicate a relative tissue specificity of butyrate-mediated alterations in ganglioside expression that is not universal but is limited to specific gangliosides. (clinsci.org)
This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Anti-GM2 (ganglioside) Antibody IgM. (mybiosource.com)

Chigorno V, Sonnino S, Ghidoni R, Tettamanti G (1982) Densitometric quantification of brain gangliosides, separated by two dimensional thin layer chromatography. (springer.com)
Ganglioside-1, -2, and -3 migrated above GD1b, below GQ1b, and far below GQ1b on thin-layer chromatography. (nih.gov)
Immuno-overlay of thin layer chromatography and surface plasmon resonance show that rHIgM12 binds with high affinity to the complex gangliosides GD1a and GT1b. (biologists.org)

In all six, increased activity of IgG antibody against ganglioside GQ1b was present in the early phase and reduced with time, whereas such activity was not detected in normal control subjects and disease control subjects including those with Guillain-Barré syndrome. (nih.gov)
BACKGROUND/AIM Serum antibody against ganglioside GQ1b is reported to be closely associated with immune mediated ophthalmoplegia in the Fisher and Guillain-Barré syndromes. (bmj.com)
Results: We show that anti-GM1/GD1a- and anti-GM1/GQ1b-ganglioside-complex positive sera can induce complement-mediated functional and morphological injury at mouse motor nerve terminals ex vivo. (gla.ac.uk)

A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. (wikipedia.org)
Gangliosides are present and concentrated on cell surfaces, with the two hydrocarbon chains of the ceramide moiety embedded in the plasma membrane and the oligosaccharides located on the extracellular surface, where they present points of recognition for extracellular molecules or surfaces of neighboring cells. (wikipedia.org)
Gangliosides are sialic acid-enriched glycosphingolipids that contain at least one monosaccharide residue associated with a ceramide chain [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Preliminary experiments indicate asialo-GMI as the core structure of the ganglioside XI and palmitic and oleic acid as the fatty acids of the ceramide moiety. (biomedsearch.com)
The sensitivity and reproducibility of the mass spectrometry technique enabled relative quantitation, revealing details into the abundance of different ganglioside species and inclusion of ceramide structures in each mouse type. (gla.ac.uk)
Ganglioside GD2 (d18:1/18:0) is a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide)or oligoglycosylceramide with one or more sialic acids (i.e. n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain. (hmdb.ca)
Gangliosides are more complex glycosphingolipids in which oligosaccharide chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) are attached to a ceramide. (hmdb.ca)
In all Gangliosides, the ceramide is linked through its C-1 to a beta-glucosyl residue, which, in turn, is bound to a beta-galactosyl residue. (hmdb.ca)
Strains SF100 (□) and PS344 (▒) were assayed for binding to lactosyl ceramide (A), GM3 (B), and GD3 (C). Values are expressed as a percentage of wild-type binding to ganglioside (mean ± SD). (asm.org)

These findings suggest that complex gangliosides modulate glial cell function to some extent. (gla.ac.uk)
However, since the effects observed were subtle, it is possible that simpler gangliosides are able to compensate for the lack of complex gangliosides. (gla.ac.uk)
However, the localisation of sodium channels at the node of Ranvier and potassium channels at juxtaparanode was retarded in GalNAc T -/- mice lacking all complex gangliosides, suggesting that complex gangliosides modulate the formation of nodes of Ranvier. (gla.ac.uk)
In addition, GalNAc T -/- mice had significantly lower numbers of NG2 positive early oligodendrocyte progenitors compared to wild-type and Sia T -/- mice, suggesting that complex gangliosides may affect early progenitor differentiation, proliferation or survival. (gla.ac.uk)
The discovery of a full range of complex gangliosides in neurological tissue from rescue mice, albeit at low levels compared to the wild type, confirmed their molecular usefulness for modelling neurological autoimmune diseases. (gla.ac.uk)
Results indicated that ganglioside dysregulation was correlated with the severity of the neurodegenerative injury and showed a characteristic pattern of depleted protective complex gangliosides with accumulated toxic simple gangliosides at the site of injury. (uwo.ca)

Zebda N, Pedron S, Rebbaa A, Portoukalian J, Berthier-Vergnes O. Deficiency of ganglioside biosynthesis in metastatic human melanoma cells: relevance of CMP-NeuAc:LacCer alpha 2-3 sialyltransferase (GM3 synthase). (acris-antibodies.com)
In this thesis, the role of gangliosides in glial proliferation, migration and differentiation as well as the regeneration of the olfactory system and myelination were studied using mice lacking enzymes involved in ganglioside biosynthesis. (gla.ac.uk)

The monoclonal antibody A2B5 would be a useful tool for examining the distribution and function of c-series gangliosides. (nih.gov)
A mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside recognized breast and melanoma tumors," Hybridoma , vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 241-247, 2000. (hindawi.com)
Ganglioside GD3 antibody LS-C508223 is an AP-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to human Ganglioside GD3. (lsbio.com)
Anti-GM2 (ganglioside) Antibody IgM ELISA kit applies the competitive enzyme immunoassay technique utilizing a monoclonal anti-Anti-GM2 (ganglioside) Antibody IgM antibody and an Anti-GM2 (ganglioside) Antibody IgM-HRP conjugate. (mybiosource.com)

In the case of the insulin receptor, sialylparagloboside and the structurally related GM3 ganglioside have been found to inhibit the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of soluble receptors ( 6 , 7 ). (pnas.org)
At the cellular level, gangliosides influence cell growth and death, probably because they are involved in the lipid-mediated assembly of signaling molecules such as growth factor receptors or integrins on the membranes. (eurekaselect.com)
Gangliosides perform important functions through carbohydrate-specific interactions with proteins, for example, as receptors in cell-cell recognition, which can be exploited by viruses and other pathogens, and also by regulating signaling proteins, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), through lateral interaction in the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
For example, the monosialylated GM1 ganglioside is a critical organizer of lipid rafts, which act as hubs for receptors and signaling complexes. (jneurosci.org)
In conclusion, our data indicate that MNV can use terminal SA on gangliosides as attachment receptors during binding to murine macrophages. (asm.org)
In contrast to LT-IIb, which binds strongly to ganglioside receptors decorated with either N -acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) or N -glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), LT-IIb(T13I) binds NeuAc gangliosides much less well. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
To determine if the adjuvant properties of LT-IIb(T13I) are altered in the absence of NeuGc ganglioside receptors, experiments were conducted using a Cmah -null mouse line which is deficient in the synthesis of NeuGc gangliosides. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
We show that decreasing Abl family kinase activity results in low levels of cell surface ganglioside receptors for mouse polyomavirus and that inhibition of sialidase activity promotes virion binding in the absence of Abl family kinase activity. (elsevier.com)

Recently, gangliosides have been found to be highly important molecules in immunology. (wikipedia.org)
Immune responses in breast cancer patients immunized with an anti-idiotype antibody mimicking NeuGc-containing gangliosides," Clinical Immunology , vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 80-89, 2003. (hindawi.com)

Background Serum IgM binding to GM1 ganglioside (GM1) is often associated with chronic acquired motor neuropathies. (bmj.com)

The major groups of gangliosides found in mammalian brains are GM1, GD1a, GT1b and GD1b. (humpath.com)
We determined the ability of mixed gangliosides (16% GD1b, 19% GT1b, 21% GM1, and 40% GD1a) and individual gangliosides GM1 and GD1b to modulate the NV-PLA 2 induced human erythrocyte ghost membrane damage. (academicjournals.org)
As an alternate technique, DPPC/GT1b or total ganglioside extract (80:20) monolayers of a Langmuir Blodgett (LB) Trough were adapted to be artificial membrane models for toxin insertion studies. (byu.edu)

Somogyi A, Petcherski A, Beckert B, Huebecker M, Priestman DA, Banning A, Cotman SL, Platt FM, Ruonala MO, Tikkanen R. Altered Expression of Ganglioside Metabolizing Enzymes Results in GM3 Ganglioside Accumulation in Cerebellar Cells of a Mouse Model of Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. (harvard.edu)
Altered expression of ganglioside GM3 molecular species and a potential regulatory role during myoblast differentiation. (harvard.edu)
Here, we aim to investigate the local expression of ganglioside GD2, as the recently proposed breast CSC (BCSC) marker, through the assessment of GD2 synthase mRNA, the key enzyme involved in GD2 synthesis. (omicsonline.org)

The name ganglioside was first applied by the German scientist Ernst Klenk in 1942 to lipids newly isolated from ganglion cells of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
However, heavily glycosylated, low abundance and chemically unusual lipids such as the gangliosides tend to be neglected in otherwise thorough lipidomic studies. (gla.ac.uk)
Gangliosides can amount to 6% of the weight of lipids from brain, but they are found at low levels in all animal tissues. (hmdb.ca)
Gangliosides are a family of membrane lipids enriched in the central nervous system (CNS) that play an important role in cell signaling processes on the membrane. (uwo.ca)
Recently, using the sensitivity of single molecule fluorescence and taking advantage of model membrane systems containing essential lipids with well-defined compositions, we showed that physiological levels of ganglioside GM1 prevent in-membrane oligomerization of Ab. (cas.cz)

This article addresses the structural similarity between the tandem sialic acid residues of gangliosides and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) determined from biochemical data showing that gangliosides inhibit NAD+ glycohydrolase activity and theoretical considerations. (eurekaselect.com)
Gangliosides were later classified by Svennerholm according to the number of sialic-acid residues and chromatographic mobility ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Mixed gangliosides (18 nM) and GM1 (15 nM) offered 81 and 86% protection respectively, whereas GD1b (20 nM) did not show significant protection. (academicjournals.org)
Mixed gangliosides restored the Na + K + ATPase activity by 78%, whereas GM1 and GD1b offered 74 and 52% restoration respectively. (academicjournals.org)
Mixed gangliosides and GM1 exhibited a significant dose dependent inhibition of NV-PLA 2 activity when compared to GD1b. (academicjournals.org)
The data show that mixed gangliosides and GM1 were effective in modulating NV-PLA 2 induced erythrocyte membrane damage than GD1b. (academicjournals.org)
Anti-ganglioside GD1b (anti-GD1b) is very useful in the identification of disialoganglioside GD1b and in immunotargeting cells expressing disialoganglioside GD1b. (matreya.com)

The oligosaccharide groups on gangliosides extend well beyond the surfaces of the cell membranes, and act as distinguishing surface markers that can serve as specific determinants in cellular recognition and cell-to-cell communication. (wikipedia.org)
A combinatorial biosynthetic pathway results in a large diversity of oligosaccharide structures on gangliosides ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
it contains the simplest ganglioside oligosaccharide in this pathway (Fig. 1 A ), a trisaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and sialic acid. (pnas.org)
Because they have structurally diverse, bulky and negatively charged oligosaccharide moieties, gangliosides endow cell membranes with unique molecular characteristics. (eurekaselect.com)
The antigenic epitope for A2B5 was assumed to include the trisialosyl residue connected to the inner galactose of the hemato- or ganglio-type oligosaccharide structure of gangliosides. (nih.gov)
The efficient synthesis of the designed ganglioside was accomplished by employing the cassette coupling approach as a key reaction, which was executed between the non-reducing end of the oligosaccharide and the cyclic glucosylceramide moiety. (mdpi.com)

Further studies pointed out that in AD brain tissue the total ganglioside pattern is significantly altered, which emphasizes the importance of glycosphingolipids in AD. (humpath.com)

Recent data demonstrated that sera from some patients with GBS react with ganglioside complexes (GSCs) consisting of two different gangliosides, but not with each constituent ganglioside. (unboundmedicine.com)
Gangliosides along with other components as cholesterol are known to form lipid rafts, in which two different gangliosides may form a new conformational epitope. (unboundmedicine.com)
The effect of changing the ganglioside composition of Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells on the function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) was examined by studying the signalling pathway generated after the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) both in cells depleted of glycosphingolipids by inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase activity and in cell lines expressing different gangliosides as the result of stable transfection of appropriate ganglioside glycosyltransferases. (biochemj.org)

GD2 is the first ganglioside proven to be an effective target antigen for cancer immunotherapy with the regulatory approval of dinutuximab, a chimeric anti-GD2 therapeutic antibody. (hindawi.com)
GM2 ganglioside is a potential peripheral nerve antigen for neuropathy-associated autoantibodies. (gla.ac.uk)
The new trAb Ektomab that targets the melanoma-associated ganglioside antigen GD2 and the signaling molecule human CD3 (hCD3) on T cells demonstrated potent T-cell activation and tumor cell destruction in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)

Cholera Tetanus Botulism Leprosy Obesity, where inadequate ganglioside expression in mediobasal hypothalamic neurons deregulates neuronal leptin and insulin signaling. (wikipedia.org)
Gangliosides are a component of cells membranes and can protect neurons against injuries and enhance their growth. (cochrane.org)
They were discovered by Ernst Klenk in the 1940s, who proposed the term "ganglioside" due to the abundance of these molecules in "Ganglionzellen" (neurons). (frontiersin.org)
To investigate whether injury-induced ganglioside processing is operative in CNS neurons, cultured retinal neurons were axotomized and analyzed for GM1 content. (jneurosci.org)

It has been found that tumor formation can induce the synthesis of a new complement of ganglioside, and very low concentrations of a specific ganglioside can induce differentiation of cultured neuronal tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)

These mutant mice were unable to synthesize GM3 ganglioside, a simple and widely distributed glycosphingolipid. (pnas.org)
Here, we report that ganglioside GD2 (a glycosphingolipid) identifies a small fraction of cells in human breast cancer cell lines and patient samples that are capable of forming mammospheres and initiating tumors with as few as 10 GD2+ cells. (jci.org)

Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. (wikipedia.org)
However, mutant mice develop neurodegenerative diseases and die soon after birth, suggesting that gangliosides are required for the maintenance and development of a stable CNS and are crucial to sustain life. (eurekaselect.com)
Gangliosides have also been shown to have neuroprotective actions and have been considered as candidates for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders. (gla.ac.uk)
Alterations in the homeostatic distribution of the a-series family of gangliosides has been observed in both pre-clinical models and human patients with neurodegenerative diseases and injuries, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and strokes. (uwo.ca)
A comorbid rat model of stroke and Aβ toxicity, using an endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced unilateral striatal stroke together with intracerebralventricular (icv) injections of Aβ(25-35), was used to examine ganglioside dysregulation in response to neurodegenerative injuries of varying severity. (uwo.ca)
Our laboratory has demonstrated that gangliosides can shift their composition from GM1 back to GM2 and GM3 following stroke in mice and rats indicating a role for simple gangliosides in the neurodegenerative process and this shift may be part of a neuro-inflammatory cascade. (uwo.ca)

The functions of gangliosides as specific determinants suggest its important role in the growth and differentiation of tissues as well as in carcinogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
It is the most widely distributed ganglioside among tissues, and it serves as a precursor for most of the more complex ganglioside species. (pnas.org)
One example, the GM3 ganglioside, abundant in almost all healthy tissues, is shown in Figure 1 . (frontiersin.org)
In the adult Xenopus, XI characterizes the ganglioside pattern of the central nervous system while is absent in all the other tested tissues. (biomedsearch.com)
Gangliosides (GG) make an extremely diverse family of glycosphingolipids particularly abundant in the brain and neural tissues. (arvojournals.org)

The potential physiological role(s) of gangliosides on the regulation of extracellular nucleotide metabolism are discussed. (eurekaselect.com)
Miki Hara-Yokoyama, " Gangliosides Potentially Inhibit Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism", Current Medicinal Chemistry (2006) 13: 2233. (eurekaselect.com)
Although the metabolism of the lipid class "ganglioside" is linked to AD their role in oligomerization is controversial. (cas.cz)

Furthermore, it has long been recognized that certain lipidoses that affect the nervous system, such as Tay Sachs disease, are characterized by ganglioside accumulation within cells of the brain. (springer.com)
Mutations in genes coding for these enzymes leads to the accumulation of partially broken down gangliosides in lysosomes, which results in a group of diseases called gangliosidosis. (wikipedia.org)
While the conclusion drawn from these in vivo data is that peripheral nerve injury stimulates Neu3 activity, it is also possible that injury induces the synthesis of GM1 from precursor gangliosides or suppresses its degradation, resulting in a transient accumulation of GM1. (jneurosci.org)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of bovine casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) and dietary cholesterol on cortical ganglioside- and glycoprotein-bound sialic acid accumulation in young rats. (ku.edu)

Ganglioside GM2 activator protein Sphingolipidoses Structures of GM1, GM2, GM3 gangliosides Guetta E, Peleg L (2008). (wikipedia.org)
Based on the results presented here, we suggest that because of the similarity between N-linked sugars on LFA-1 and the structures of gangliosides, LtxA may have acquired the ability to lyse RBCs. (mdpi.com)
The structures of these gangliosides were characterized by overlay analysis with glycolipid-specific ligands, product analysis after sialidase or mild acid treatment, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Accordingly, G-1, G-2 and G-3 were identified to be GT3, GQ1c and GP1c, respectively. (nih.gov)
A novel ganglioside bearing Neua2-3Gal and Neua2-6Gal structures as distal sequences was designed as a ligand for influenza A viruses. (mdpi.com)

To assess the effect of exogenous gangliosides in acute ischaemic stroke. (cochrane.org)
Whole transformed cells hydrolyzed exogenous ganglioside substrate, suggesting a partial location of the cellular sialidase on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of these cells. (elsevier.com)

2. Because of the importance of gangliosides in cancer pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of n-butyrate on ganglioside expression of colonic (human and murine) and non-colonic cancer cells. (clinsci.org)
The gangliosides GD1a, GM1, and asialo-GM1 (GA1) are natural components of murine macrophages. (asm.org)
The depletion of gangliosides using an inhibitor of glycosylceramide synthase ( d - threo -P4) led to a reduction of MNV-1 binding and infection in cultured and primary murine macrophages. (asm.org)
A) Binding of SF100 (□) to untreated platelets (lane 1), platelets pretreated with a murine MAb to ganglioside GD3 (lane 2), or a murine MAb to platelet glycoprotein GPIb (lane 3) and binding of PS344 (▪) to untreated platelets (lane 4) platelets pretreated with a murine MAb to ganglioside GD3 (lane 5) or a murine MAb to platelet glycoprotein GPIb (lane 6). (asm.org)

The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. (hmdb.ca)
A procedure is described for the preparation of Tay-Sachs ganglioside specifically labeled in the sialic acid portion of the molecule. (eurekamag.com)
Radioactive gangliosides were isolated and selectively degraded with bacterial neuraminidase and rat liver beta-galactosidase to Tay-Sachs ganglioside-(3)H. Radioactivity in the labeled product was confined to the N-acetyl-neuraminic acid portion of the molecule. (eurekamag.com)

Enzymatic interconversion of ganglioside glycans by sialidase action, relevant for neuroblastoma cell differentiation and growth control in vitro, for axonogenesis and axon regeneration, as well as for proper communication between effector and regulatory T cells, changes lectin-binding affinity profoundly. (uni-muenchen.de)
Orchestrations of loss/gain of affinity, of ganglioside/lectin expression, and of lectin presence in a network offer ample opportunities for fine-tuning. (uni-muenchen.de)
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A insertions into the LB monolayers in the presence of BoNT/A low affinity ganglioside receptor alone, independent of pH. (byu.edu)

More than 60 gangliosides are known, which differ from each other mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. (wikipedia.org)
Almost 200 gangliosides species have been described, showing differences in the number, the order, and the linkage of the glycosyl and sialyl residues [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. (hmdb.ca)

These results and the finding of enhanced expression of GM3 synthase in models of insulin resistance have led to the suggestion that GM3 ganglioside overexpression may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through a negative modulation on insulin receptor signaling ( 6 ). (pnas.org)
Carbohydrate mimicry [Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-3)Galβ1-] between the bacterial lipooligosaccharide and human GM1 ganglioside is seen as having relevance to the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome, and conclusive evidence is reported here. (pnas.org)
Although the most accepted theory indicates that PaBV directly triggers an inflammatory response in this disease, another hypothesis suggests the disease is triggered by autoantibodies targeting neuronal gangliosides, and PDD might therefore resemble Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) in its pathogenesis. (peerj.com)
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to myelin components has been implicated in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis: two targets were suggested, Myelin Basic Protein with controversial results and, more recently, gangliosides. (semanticscholar.org)

It was the aim here to optimise separation and mass spectrometry methodologies for ganglioside analysis. (gla.ac.uk)
Finally the recently developed technique of imaging mass spectrometry, using matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ion sources, was investigated for its capability for direct ganglioside analysis in brain and spinal cord tissue sections. (gla.ac.uk)
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a novel imaging technique that can map the distribution of ionizable molecules on a sample in a 2-dimensional format, making it the ideal tool for analyzing gangliosides on post-mortem brain tissue sections. (uwo.ca)
Caughlin, Sarah, "Examining the role of ganglioside homeostasis in neurodegeneration and aging using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry" (2018). (uwo.ca)
Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry LC-ESI-MS was used to quantify ganglioside levels following activation, and immunofluorescence was used to stain for GM1, GM2 and GM3 gangliosides. (uwo.ca)

G(M2) Ganglioside accumulates due to a deficiency of hexosaminidase A or B (beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase), or GM2 activator protein, resulting in Gangliosidoses. (hmdb.ca)
Recombinant human Ganglioside GM2 activator protein Human samples 80 % of the research is conducted on human samples. (antibody-antibodies.com)

G refers to ganglioside, the M is for monosialic (as in it has one sialic acid), and 2 refers to the fact that it was the second monosialic ganglioside discovered. (wikipedia.org)

We successfully displayed a series of gangliosides on small bicelles with a uniform confined size, offering nanoscale standardized membrane mimics for spectroscopic characterization of weak encounter complexes formed between ganglioside clusters and amyloidogenic proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)

GM2 is a type of ganglioside. (wikipedia.org)
The third compound is a novel type of ganglioside having blood group I-type structure as the core sequence. (aacrjournals.org)

Thus glycans of gangliosides such as GD1a and GM1 are functional counterreceptors by a pairing with tissue lectins, an emerging aspect of ganglioside and lectin functionality. (uni-muenchen.de)

NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides. (wikipedia.org)
NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of Gangliosides anionic. (hmdb.ca)

MNV-1 bound to ganglioside GD1a, which is characterized by an SA on the terminal galactose, but not to GM1 or asialo-GM1 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (asm.org)
MBS755965 is a ready-to-use microwell, strip plate Competitive ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Kit for analyzing the presence of the Anti-GM2 (ganglioside) Antibody IgM (GM2 Ab IgM) ELISA Kit target analytes in biological samples. (mybiosource.com)

Thomas CP, Buronfosse A, Combaret V, Pedron S, Fertil B, Portoukalian J. Gangliosides protect human melanoma cells from ionizing radiation-induced clonogenic cell death. (acris-antibodies.com)
The GD2 ganglioside is a cell surface component that appears on the surface of metastatic melanoma cells and is a marker for the progression of the disease. (hmdb.ca)
Ganglioside GD3 antibody was raised against fM9 melanoma cells. (lsbio.com)
Does not cross-react with other gangliosides purified from neuroblastoma or melanoma cells. (lsbio.com)

However, none of the quaker parrots developed myenteric ganglioneuritis, suggesting that autoantibodies against gangliosides in birds are not associated with a condition resembling PDD. (peerj.com)

Gangliosides, sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids, are normal components of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells and are particularly abundant in the nervous system. (springer.com)
Different regions of the brain have differing levels of vulnerability to stress and injury, and this brain region-dependent variability to vulnerability could be partly explained by the existence of glycosphingolipids within the cell's plasma membrane called gangliosides. (uwo.ca)
These data provide evidence that Abl family kinases reduce ganglioside turnover in the plasma membrane by inhibiting host cell sialidase activity. (elsevier.com)
Approximately equal specific activities of ganglioside-sialidase activity were found to be associated with the crude lysosomal and crude plasma membrane fractions isolated from whole cell homogenates. (elsevier.com)
These results show that, in herpes simplex virus- transformed fibroblasts, ganglioside-sialidase is both a lysosomal and a plasma membrane enzyme. (elsevier.com)

We have recently shown that in addition to the previously described binding partner ganglioside GM1, CTB binds to fucosylated proteins. (gu.se)
In this review, we describe how proteins recognize gangliosides, focusing on the molecular recognition of gangliosides associated with cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the importance of these molecules in cancer research. (frontiersin.org)
Their spatial accessibility and the dynamic regulation of their profile are factors that argue in favor of a role of glycans of gangliosides as ligands (counterreceptors) for carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). (uni-muenchen.de)
Ganglioside-embedding small bicelles for probing membrane-landing processes of intrinsically disordered proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Prostaglandins and gangliosides of tumor microenvironment: their role in angiogenesis. (nih.gov)
Through both mechanisms, tumor-associated gangliosides may affect malignant progression, which makes them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
Detection and characterization of N-glycolyated gangliosides in Wilms tumor by immunohistochemistry," Pediatric and Developmental Pathology , vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 18-23, 2010. (hindawi.com)
Several gangliosides have been found to have elevated expressions in tumor cells. (matreya.com)
The tumor-associated ganglioside GD2 is an attractive target for immunotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The significance of the endogenous IgM response to GD1a may be to eliminate this immunosuppressive-ganglioside from the tumor-microenvironment. (curehunter.com)

The ganglioside G-4 was shown to have the following structure: NeuAc-NeuAc-NeuAc-Galbeta1-3Gal NAcbeta1-4(NeuAc-NeuAc-NeuAcalpha2-3)Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-1'Cer. (nih.gov)
Gangliosides with NeuAcα2-6Gal structure have been studied in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Reacts with GD3 Ganglioside: (NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer). (acris-antibodies.com)
Cross reacts with 9-O-AcGD3 ganglioside (9OAcNeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer) and GT1a ganglioside (NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GalNAc beta 1-4 (NeuAc alpha 2-3) Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer). (acris-antibodies.com)
These results suggested that NeuAc gangliosides are sufficient to mediate the immunomodulatory properties of LT-IIb(T13I) in mice and in human cells. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that are present on all mammalian plasma membranes where they participate in recognition and signaling activities. (pnas.org)
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids that are ubiquitously distributed on vertebrate plasma membranes. (pnas.org)
Few lipid species included in biological membranes have received as much attention as glycosphingolipids (GSLs), and especially gangliosides, sialic-acid-containing GSLs. (frontiersin.org)
Gangliosides are glycosylated sphingolipids enriched in membranes of the nervous system . (humpath.com)
Results suggest that changes in the ganglioside composition of cell membranes might be important in the regulation of the EGF signal transduction. (biochemj.org)
Zika virus infection is associated with the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a neurological autoimmune disorder caused by immune recognition of gangliosides and other components at nerve membranes. (escholarship.org)

3. Three separate colon cancer cell lines (LS174T, T84 and MCA-38), when butyrate treated, demonstrated striking amplification of specific individual gangliosides. (clinsci.org)

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid ( N -acetyl- or N -glycolylneuraminic acid). (springer.com)

Phylogenetic analysis of brain gangliosides using the A2B5 preparation demonstrated that c-series gangliosides are enriched in lower animals, especially bony fish of different species. (nih.gov)
Understanding the precise nature of native gangliosides, including low abundance species and modifications, is an important first step. (gla.ac.uk)

Genetic disruption of GM3 ganglioside synthesis. (pnas.org)
A ) Pathway of ganglioside synthesis showing the block in GM3S −/− mice. (pnas.org)

Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. (hmdb.ca)

Our results show that GM3 ganglioside is a negative regulator of insulin signaling, making it a potential therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. (pnas.org)
These encompassed the many aspects of basic research that have evolved over the past half-century, as well as some newer topics relating to the biomedical potential of gangliosides as therapeutic agents. (springer.com)
Remarkably, the vast majority of these strategies have focused on protein antigens and recently mAbs recognizing cell surface gangliosides have recently proven to be effective for cancer therapeutic targets [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

This strongly supports the hypothesis that autoimmune targeting of ganglioside-complexes is of pathogenic relevance in a proportion of GBS patients. (gla.ac.uk)

Corti M, Degiorgio V, Sonnino S, Ghidoni R, Masserini M, iettamanti G (1981) GM1 ganglioside-Triton X-100 mixed micelles: changes of micellar properties studied by laser-light scattering and enzymatic methods. (springer.com)
Ganglioside GM1 (GM1) micelles have been studied by means of water proton T1 NMRD experiment. (diva-portal.org)

A randomized, controlled, delayed start trial of GM1 ganglioside in treated Parkinson's disease patients. (semanticscholar.org)

The persistence of polysialo-gangliosides in the brain and spinal cord of adult amphibians could serve to guarantee a proper functioning of the central nervous system at low body temperature. (biomedsearch.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science5

Health Care1

The role of homophilic binding in anti-tumor antibody R24 recognition of molecular surfaces. Demonstration of an intermolecular beta-sheet interaction between vh domains. (1/1980)

Partial purification and properties of porcine thymus lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase. (2/1980)

Gangliosides of human kidney. (3/1980)

Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. (4/1980)

Atherosclerotic aortic gangliosides enhance integrin-mediated platelet adhesion to collagen. (5/1980)

Antiganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barre syndrome after a recent cytomegalovirus infection. (6/1980)

The distribution of ganglioside-like moieties in peripheral nerves. (7/1980)

De-N-acetyl-gangliosides in humans: unusual subcellular distribution of a novel tumor antigen. (8/1980)

Gangliosides

G(M3) Ganglioside

G(M1) Ganglioside

Chromatography, Thin Layer

G(M2) Ganglioside

Glycosphingolipids

Sialic Acids

Carbohydrate Sequence

Neuraminic Acids

Neuraminidase

Sialyltransferases

N-Acetylneuraminic Acid

N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases

Glycolipids

Sulfoglycosphingolipids

Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment

Brain Chemistry

Cerebrosides

Carbohydrate Conformation

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Globosides

Ceramides

Gangliosidoses

Tetanus Toxin

Gangliosidoses, GM2

Lipidoses

Polyradiculoneuropathy

Cholera Toxin

Carbohydrates

Cattle

Miller Fisher Syndrome

Glucosylceramides

Molecular Sequence Data

Sphingosine

Glycoconjugates

Brain

Allergy and Immunology

Access to Information

Immunotherapy

Periodicals as Topic

Journal Impact Factor

Immune System Diseases

Immunologic Tests

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antibody Specificity

Antibodies

Epitopes

Parkinson Disease

Disease Progression

Standard of Care

Sphingolipids

The role of homophilic binding in anti-tumor antibody R24 recognition of molecular surfaces. Demonstration of an intermolecular beta-sheet interaction between vh domains. (1/1980)

Partial purification and properties of porcine thymus lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase. (2/1980)

Gangliosides of human kidney. (3/1980)

Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. (4/1980)

Atherosclerotic aortic gangliosides enhance integrin-mediated platelet adhesion to collagen. (5/1980)

Antiganglioside antibodies in Guillain-Barre syndrome after a recent cytomegalovirus infection. (6/1980)

The distribution of ganglioside-like moieties in peripheral nerves. (7/1980)

De-N-acetyl-gangliosides in humans: unusual subcellular distribution of a novel tumor antigen. (8/1980)

Disialoganglioside GD2 distributes preferentially into substrate-associated microprocesses on human melanoma cells during their...

Frontiers | Molecular Recognition of Gangliosides and Their Potential for Cancer Immunotherapies | Immunology

Development regulation of ganglioside metabolism<...

Role of plasma-membrane-bound sialidase NEU3 in clathrin-mediated endocytosis | Biochemical Journal | Portland Press

Objekt-Metadaten @ FU Dokumentenserver Online

Disialoganglioside GD2 in human neuroectodermal tumor cell lines and gliomas

Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Ganglioside GM1 (18:1/12:0) (HMDB0004853)

Overexpression of GD3 Synthase Induces Apoptosis of Vascular Endothelial ECV304 Cells Through Downregulation of Bcl-2 - PubMed

GANGLIOSIDES OF HUMAN MYELIN: SIALOSYLGALACTOSYLCERAMIDE (G<sub>7</sub>) AS A MAJOR...

Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Ganglioside GM2 (d18:0/25:0) (HMDB0011906)

Ganglioside GD3抗体[R24]|Abcam中国|Anti-Ganglioside GD3抗体[R24]

Gordon Hirabayashi honored with Presidential Medal of Freedom - Strange Bedfellows - Politics News

HUMAN ST3Gal V ISOFORMS, BOTH TARGETED TO GOLGI, DERIVE FROM USE OF TWO ALTERNATE TRANSLATION START SITES

A2B5 Antibody, anti-human/mouse/rat | Hybridomas | MACS Antibodies | Products | Miltenyi Biotec | Singapore

gangliosides - Humpath.com - Human pathology

Deacetylation of de novo synthesized 9-O-acetyl GD3 tri | Open-i

Human Antiganglioside Autoantibodies Validation of ELISA | Immunoglobulin G | Antibody

Ganglioside GD3 - AM10173SU-N | acris-antibodies.com

Gangliosides in the retina: a comparative inventory with brain and other ocular structures | IOVS | ARVO Journals

A Monoclonal Antibody to O-Acetyl-GD2 Ganglioside and Not to GD2 Shows Potent Anti-Tumor Activity without Peripheral Nervous...

Serum Gangliosides in Patients with Brain Tumors - pdf descargar