gamma-Linolenic Acid
alpha-Linolenic Acid
Linoleic Acid
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
Fatty Acids, Essential
Fatty Acids
Stearic Acids
Lipoxygenase
Linseed Oil
Fatty Acid Desaturases
Chromatography, Gas
Phospholipids
Flax
Dietary Fats
Oleic Acids
Hydrogenation
Barbiturates
Isomerism
Oleic Acid
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Encyclopedias as Topic
Fatty Acids, Omega-3
Fats, Unsaturated
Safflower Oil
Effect of dietary supplementation with black currant seed oil on the immune response of healthy elderly subjects. (1/147)
BACKGROUND: We have shown that the age-associated increase in prostaglandin E(2) production contributes to the decline in T cell-mediated function with age. Black currant seed oil (BCSO), rich in both gamma-linolenic (18:3n-6) and alpha-linolenic (18:3n-3) acids, has been shown to modulate membrane lipid composition and eicosanoid production. OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to 1) test whether dietary supplementation with BCSO can improve the immune response of healthy elderly subjects, and 2) determine whether the altered immune response is mediated by a change in the factors closely associated with T cell activation. DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (soybean oil) study was conducted to examine the effect of 2 mo of BCSO supplementation on the immune response of 40 healthy subjects aged >/=65 y. In vivo immune function was determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were tested for in vitro immune response. RESULTS: In subjects supplemented with BCSO, the total diameter of induration at 24 h and individual responses to tetanus toxoid and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were significantly higher than their baseline values. The change in response to tetanus toxoid was significantly different from that of the placebo group. The BCSO group showed a significant increase in proliferative response of PBMCs to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin that was not significantly different from that observed in the placebo group. BCSO had no effect on concanavalin A-induced mitogenic response, interleukin 2 and -1beta production, and PBMC membrane fluidity. Prostaglandin E(2) production was significantly reduced in the BCSO-supplemented group, and this change was significantly different from that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION: BCSO has a moderate immune-enhancing effect attributable to its ability to reduce prostaglandin E(2) production. (+info)Evening primrose oil and borage oil in rheumatologic conditions. (2/147)
Diets rich in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) lead to the formation of 2-series prostaglandins (PGs) and 4-series leukotrienes (LTs), with proinflammatory effects. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are used in rheumatoid arthritis to inhibit cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase), thereby decreasing production of 2-series PGs. Lipoxygenase activity remains intact, however, allowing LT production (eg, synthesis of LTB(4), a potent inflammatory mediator) to continue. Altering the essential fatty acid (EFA) content of the diet can modify some of these effects. Ingestion of a diet rich in evening primrose oil elevates concentrations of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA; 20:3n-6), which results in the production of 1-series PGs, eg, PGE(1). DGLA itself cannot be converted to LTs but can form a 15-hydroxyl derivative that blocks the transformation of arachidonic acid to LTs. Increasing DGLA intake may allow DGLA to act as a competitive inhibitor of 2-series PGs and 4-series LTs and thus suppress inflammation. The results of in vitro and animal work evaluating EFAs in inflammatory situations are encouraging, which has stimulated clinical workers to evaluate these compounds in rheumatoid arthritis. Several well-controlled, randomized clinical studies have now been completed in which various EFAs were evaluated as treatments. The results of most of these studies suggest some clinical benefit to these treatments; these data are reviewed here. (+info)Essential fatty acid metabolism and its modification in atopic eczema. (3/147)
Research from the 1930s to the 1950s established that a deficit of n-6 essential fatty acids (EFAs) leads to an inflammatory skin condition in both animals and humans. In a common inherited skin condition, atopic dermatitis (eczema), there was evidence of low blood EFA concentrations and of a therapeutic response to exceptionally high doses of linoleic acid. More recently, it has been established that there is no deficit of linoleic acid in atopic eczema. Concentrations of linoleic acid instead tend to be elevated in blood, milk, and adipose tissue of patients with atopic eczema, whereas concentrations of linoleic acid metabolites are substantially reduced. This suggests reduced conversion of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). In most but not all studies, administration of GLA has been found to improve the clinically assessed skin condition, the objectively assessed skin roughness, and the elevated blood catecholamine concentrations of patients with atopic eczema. Atopic eczema may be a minor inherited abnormality of EFA metabolism. (+info)Prevention of nerve conduction deficit in diabetic rats by polyunsaturated fatty acids. (4/147)
The influence of diets containing gamma-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3n-6) on sciatic nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was determined in diabetic rats. NCV was lower in diabetic rats fed diets supplemented with olive oil or sunflower seed oil than in nondiabetic rats; rats supplemented with GLA during a 5-wk diabetic period, however, did not exhibit significantly lower NCV. The mean proportion of the phospholipid fatty acid linoleic acid (18:2n-6) was higher in the sciatic nerves of diabetic rats than in the nondiabetic groups irrespective of dietary lipid treatment. Additionally, the proportion of linoleic acid was higher in the diabetic rats fed sunflower oil than in all other groups. Dietary GLA supplementation did not significantly influence the fatty acid composition of nerve membrane phospholipids and there was no obvious correlation between the fatty acid composition of nerve membrane phospholipids and NCV. The content of fructose and glucose in sciatic nerves was higher, whereas that of myo-inositol was lower, in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats; however, this was not significantly influenced by dietary GLA. GLA administration did not significantly influence Na(+)-K(+)-exchanging ATPase or ouabain binding activity in sciatic nerve preparations, both of which remained nonsignificantly different in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups. The results suggest that dietary GLA can prevent the deficit in NCV induced by diabetes and that this effect is independent of the nerve phospholipid fatty acid profile, sugar and polyol content, Na(+)-K(+)-exchanging ATPase activity, and ouabain binding. GLA may prevent the deficit in NCV indirectly, possibly by its role as a precursor of vasodilatory prostaglandins. These results confirm that GLA is the active component of evening primrose oil. (+info)Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lung disease. (5/147)
DF Horrobin hypothesized that the low prevalence of lung disease among Eskimos is the result of their diet, which is high in n-3 fatty acids. The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids shunt eicosanoid production away from the arachidonic acid pathway, and hence decrease the production of bronchoconstrictive leukotrienes. Animal studies showed that eicosapentaenoic acid or gamma-linolenic acid supplementation of animals exposed to endotoxins results in decreased effects on thromboxane B(2) and pulmonary vascular resistance. Small human trials confirmed that supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid results in increased eicosapentaenoic acid in phospholipids and decreased generation of leukotrienes by neutrophils. Hence, a protective effect of such fatty acids in lung disease is biologically plausible. The results of human intervention studies looking at respiratory outcomes have been mixed, but they do suggest a possible difference between long-term and short-term effects. Epidemiologic studies showed possible protective effects against asthma in children, but weak to no evidence of such effects in adults. Results for bronchitis are more positive, although intervention trials are lacking. Recently, a cross-sectional analysis of data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reported an approximately 80-mL difference in forced expiratory volume at 1 s between adults with high compared with low fish consumption. This response was not limited to asthmatic subjects. Others found that both fish consumption and n-3 fatty acid consumption (as estimated from food-frequency questionnaires) were protective against physician-diagnosed emphysema and chronic bronchitis and low spirometry values. Only smokers were included in this analysis. These results suggest that dietary fatty acids may play a role in lung disease; further work is needed to elucidate that role. (+info)Specific analysis in plasma and urine of 2,3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro-isoprostane F(2alpha)-III, a metabolite of isoprostane F(2alpha)-III and an oxidation product of gamma-linolenic acid. (6/147)
F(2)-isoprostanes (iPs) are free radical-catalyzed isomers of prostaglandin F(2alpha). Circulating and urinary iPs have been used as indices of lipid peroxidation in vivo. Utilizing an (18)O-labeled homologous internal standard, we developed a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assay for the 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro (dinor-dihydro) metabolite of iPF(2alpha)-III. Although urinary excretion of iPF(2alpha)-III reflects systemic lipid peroxidation, the metabolite is more abundant (median of 877 (range of 351-1831) versus 174 (range of 56-321) pg/mg of creatinine; p < 0.01) than the parent iP in urine and can be measured in plasma. Metabolite analysis may be preferable in plasma due to the abundance of arachidonic acid as a source of ex vivo lipid peroxidation. Also, iPF(2alpha)-III may be formed in blood samples in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner by platelets ex vivo. By contrast, the metabolite is not formed by aggregated platelets (0.71 +/- 0.08 versus 0.65 +/- 0.09 pg/ml). Although the metabolite/parent ratio is altered in cirrhosis, urinary dinor-dihydro-iPF(2alpha)-III is elevated and increases further during reperfusion following orthoptic liver transplantation. In addition to its formation as an iPF(2) metabolite, analysis of gamma-linolenic acid autooxidation products and the compound present in freeze-thawed plasma suggests that gamma-linolenic acid may also be an important source of dinor-dihydro-iPF(2alpha)-III. (+info)cDNA cloning and characterization of human Delta5-desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid. (7/147)
Two human expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA sequences with identity with Delta(5)- and Delta(6)-desaturases from a filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina, were identified from the LifeSeq(R) database of Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A.). An oligonucleotide complementary to the 3' EST cDNA sequences was used to screen human liver cDNA using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The amplified DNA fragment had 98% identity with a putative open reading frame (ORF) predicted from a human genomic sequence, and encoded 444 amino acids. Expression of this ORF in mouse fibroblast cells demonstrated that the encoded protein was a Delta(5)-desaturase, as determined by the conversion of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (C(20:3,n-6)) into arachidonic acid (C(20:4,n-6)). The human Delta(5)-desaturase contained a predicted N-terminal cytochrome b(5)-like domain, as well as three histidine-rich domains. A tissue expression profile revealed that this gene is highly expressed in fetal liver, fetal brain, adult brain and adrenal gland. A search of the existing databases led to localization of this ORF within a 14 kb interval flanked by the flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) and vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best's disease; VMD2) loci of chromosome 11q12. (+info)Identification and characterization of an enzyme involved in the elongation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. (8/147)
The enzymes that are involved in the elongation of fatty acids differ in terms of the substrates on which they act. To date, the enzymes specifically involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids have not yet been identified. In an attempt to identify a gene(s) encoding an enzyme(s) specific for the elongation of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3n-6), a cDNA expression library was made from the fungus Mortierella alpina. The cDNA library constructed in a yeast expression vector was screened by measuring the expressed elongase activity [conversion of GLA to dihomo-GLA (20:3n-6)] from an individual yeast clone. In this report, we demonstrate the isolation of a cDNA (GLELO) whose encoded protein (GLELOp) was involved in the conversion of GLA to dihomo-GLA in an efficient manner (60% conversion). This cDNA contains a 957-nucleotide ORF that encodes a protein of 318 amino acids. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that this fungal enzyme acted also on stearidonic acid (18:4n-3). This report identifies and characterizes an elongase subunit that acts specifically on the two Delta6-desaturation products, 18:3n-6 and 18:4n-3. When this GLELO cDNA was coexpressed with M. alpina Delta5-desaturase cDNA in yeast, it resulted in the conversion of GLA to arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) as well as the conversion of stearidonic acid to eicosopentaenoic acid (20:5n-3). Thus, this GLELO gene may play an critical role in the bio-production of both n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. (+info)'Borago' is the common name for a plant species, specifically Borago officinalis, which is also known as the borage plant. It is a herb that is native to the Mediterranean region and has been used in traditional medicine and cooking. The leaves and flowers of the borage plant are edible and have a cucumber-like taste. In addition, the plant contains high levels of antioxidants and omega-6 fatty acids.
In a medical context, borage oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the plant, has been studied for its potential health benefits. Borage oil is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid that has anti-inflammatory properties. Some studies have suggested that borage oil may help to reduce symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, and other inflammatory conditions. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and to determine the optimal dosage and safety of borage oil supplements.
It's important to note that while borage oil may have some health benefits, it can also interact with certain medications and may not be safe for everyone. Therefore, it's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid that the body derives from linoleic acid, another omega-6 fatty acid. It is found in small amounts in some plant-based oils such as evening primrose oil, borage oil, and black currant seed oil. GLA has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects and has been suggested to help with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, and diabetic neuropathy. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health benefits.
Linolenic acids are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are essential to the human body, meaning they cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet. There are two main types of linolenic acids: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid.
Alpha-linolenic acid is found in plant-based sources such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, and soybeans. It is a precursor to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two other important omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fatty fish and are associated with numerous health benefits.
Gamma-linolenic acid is found in smaller amounts in certain plant-based oils such as borage oil, black currant seed oil, and evening primrose oil. It has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects and may be beneficial for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, eczema, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
It is important to maintain a balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet, as excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids can contribute to inflammation and chronic disease. ALA and GLA are both important components of a healthy diet and have been associated with numerous health benefits, including reduced inflammation, improved heart health, and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes.
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a type of essential fatty acid, which means that it cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through diet. It is an 18-carbon fatty acid with three cis double bonds, and its chemical formula is C18:3 n-3 or 9c,12c,15c-18:3.
ALA is one of the two essential omega-3 fatty acids, along with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA is found in a variety of plant sources, including flaxseeds, chia seeds, hemp seeds, walnuts, soybeans, and some vegetable oils such as canola and soybean oil.
ALA is an important precursor to EPA and DHA, which have been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting brain function. However, the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited in humans, and it is recommended to consume foods rich in EPA and DHA directly, such as fatty fish and fish oil supplements.
Medically speaking, a deficiency in ALA can lead to various health issues, including dry skin, hair loss, poor wound healing, and increased risk of heart disease. Therefore, it is important to include adequate amounts of ALA-rich foods in the diet to maintain optimal health.
Linoleic acid is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is essential for human health. It is one of the two essential fatty acids, meaning that it cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet.
Linoleic acid is a member of the omega-6 fatty acid family and has a chemical structure with two double bonds at the sixth and ninth carbon atoms from the methyl end of the molecule. It is found in various plant sources, such as vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, corn, safflower, and sunflower oils), nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
Linoleic acid plays a crucial role in maintaining the fluidity and function of cell membranes, producing eicosanoids (hormone-like substances that regulate various bodily functions), and supporting skin health. However, excessive intake of linoleic acid can lead to an imbalance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, which may contribute to inflammation and chronic diseases. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain a balanced diet with appropriate amounts of both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.
Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically an omega-6 fatty acid. It is called "essential" because our bodies cannot produce it; therefore, it must be obtained through our diet. Linoleic acid is a crucial component of cell membranes and is involved in the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that regulate various bodily functions such as inflammation, blood pressure, and muscle contraction.
Foods rich in linoleic acid include vegetable oils (such as soybean, corn, and sunflower oil), nuts, seeds, and some fruits and vegetables. It is important to maintain a balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the diet, as excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids can contribute to inflammation and other health issues.
Unsaturated fatty acids are a type of fatty acid that contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain. These double bonds can be either cis or trans configurations, although the cis configuration is more common in nature. The presence of these double bonds makes unsaturated fatty acids more liquid at room temperature and less prone to spoilage than saturated fatty acids, which do not have any double bonds.
Unsaturated fatty acids can be further classified into two main categories: monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). MUFAs contain one double bond in their carbon chain, while PUFAs contain two or more.
Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (a MUFA found in olive oil), linoleic acid (a PUFA found in vegetable oils), and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 PUFA found in flaxseed and fish). Unsaturated fatty acids are essential nutrients for the human body, as they play important roles in various physiological processes such as membrane structure, inflammation, and blood clotting. It is recommended to consume a balanced diet that includes both MUFAs and PUFAs to maintain good health.
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are a type of fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet. There are two main types of essential fatty acids: linoleic acid (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3).
Linoleic acid is found in foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds, while alpha-linolenic acid is found in foods such as flaxseeds, walnuts, and fatty fish. These essential fatty acids play important roles in the body, including maintaining the fluidity and function of cell membranes, producing eicosanoids (hormone-like substances that regulate various bodily functions), and supporting the development and function of the brain and nervous system.
Deficiency in essential fatty acids can lead to a variety of health problems, including skin disorders, poor growth and development, and increased risk of heart disease. It is important to maintain a balanced intake of both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, as excessive consumption of omega-6 relative to omega-3 has been linked to inflammation and chronic diseases.
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long aliphatic chain, which are important components of lipids and are widely distributed in living organisms. They can be classified based on the length of their carbon chain, saturation level (presence or absence of double bonds), and other structural features.
The two main types of fatty acids are:
1. Saturated fatty acids: These have no double bonds in their carbon chain and are typically solid at room temperature. Examples include palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0).
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: These contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain and can be further classified into monounsaturated (one double bond) and polyunsaturated (two or more double bonds) fatty acids. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (C18:1, monounsaturated), linoleic acid (C18:2, polyunsaturated), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, polyunsaturated).
Fatty acids play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as energy storage, membrane structure, and cell signaling. Some essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources.
Unsaturated dietary fats are a type of fat that are primarily found in foods from plants. They are called "unsaturated" because of their chemical structure, which contains one or more double bonds in the carbon chain of the fat molecule. These double bonds can be either monounsaturated (one double bond) or polyunsaturated (multiple double bonds).
Monounsaturated fats are found in foods such as olive oil, avocados, and nuts, while polyunsaturated fats are found in foods such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and vegetable oils. Unsaturated fats are generally considered to be heart-healthy, as they can help lower levels of harmful cholesterol in the blood and reduce the risk of heart disease.
It is important to note that while unsaturated fats are healthier than saturated and trans fats, they are still high in calories and should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Medical definitions generally do not include plant oils as a specific term. However, in a biological or biochemical context, plant oils, also known as vegetable oils, are defined as lipid extracts derived from various parts of plants such as seeds, fruits, and leaves. They mainly consist of triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids can vary between different plant sources, leading to a range of physical and chemical properties that make plant oils useful for various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Some common examples of plant oils include olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, and jojoba oil.
Stearic acid is not typically considered a medical term, but rather a chemical compound. It is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C18H36O2. Stearic acid is commonly found in various foods such as animal fats and vegetable oils, including cocoa butter and palm oil.
In a medical context, stearic acid might be mentioned in relation to nutrition or cosmetics. For example, it may be listed as an ingredient in some skincare products or medications where it is used as an emollient or thickening agent. It's also worth noting that while stearic acid is a saturated fat, some studies suggest that it may have a more neutral effect on blood cholesterol levels compared to other saturated fats. However, this is still a topic of ongoing research and debate in the medical community.
Lipoxygenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure, forming hydroperoxides. This reaction is important in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes and lipoxins, which are involved in various inflammatory responses and immune functions. There are several isoforms of lipoxygenase found in different tissues and organisms, including arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase.
Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil, is not a medical term per se, but I can certainly provide you with some relevant information from a medical perspective.
Linseed oil is a type of drying oil that is derived from the seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum). It is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid, and has been used in various industrial and artisanal applications.
In the context of medicine and health, linseed oil is sometimes discussed for its potential health benefits due to its high ALA content. Some studies suggest that consuming a balanced diet with adequate amounts of omega-3 fatty acids may help support heart health, reduce inflammation, and promote brain function. However, it's essential to note that the overall scientific evidence is still limited, and more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and establish appropriate dosages.
Additionally, linseed oil should not be confused with linsed oil, a topical preparation used in traditional medicine for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. Linsed oil typically contains a mixture of linseed oil, lead salts, and turpentine, which is not recommended due to the potential toxicity of lead.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a type of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid that is essential for human health. It is an important structural component of the phospholipid membranes in the brain and retina, and plays a crucial role in the development and function of the nervous system. DHA is also involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and immune response.
DHA is not produced in sufficient quantities by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources or supplements. The richest dietary sources of DHA are fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines, as well as algae and other marine organisms. DHA can also be found in fortified foods such as eggs, milk, and juice.
Deficiency in DHA has been linked to various health issues, including cognitive decline, vision problems, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals consume adequate amounts of DHA through diet or supplementation to maintain optimal health.
Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that introduce double bonds into fatty acid molecules, thereby reducing their saturation level. These enzymes play a crucial role in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, which are essential components of cell membranes and precursors for various signaling molecules.
The position of the introduced double bond is specified by the type of desaturase enzyme. For example, Δ-9 desaturases introduce a double bond at the ninth carbon atom from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain. This enzyme is responsible for converting saturated fatty acids like stearic acid (18:0) to monounsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid (18:1n-9).
In humans, there are several fatty acid desaturases, including Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, which introduce double bonds at the fifth and sixth carbon atoms from the methyl end, respectively. These enzymes are essential for the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3).
Disorders in fatty acid desaturase activity or expression have been linked to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, understanding the regulation and function of these enzymes is crucial for developing strategies to modulate fatty acid composition in cells and tissues, which may have therapeutic potential.
Chromatography, gas (GC) is a type of chromatographic technique used to separate, identify, and analyze volatile compounds or vapors. In this method, the sample mixture is vaporized and carried through a column packed with a stationary phase by an inert gas (carrier gas). The components of the mixture get separated based on their partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases due to differences in their adsorption/desorption rates or solubility.
The separated components elute at different times, depending on their interaction with the stationary phase, which can be detected and quantified by various detection systems like flame ionization detector (FID), thermal conductivity detector (TCD), electron capture detector (ECD), or mass spectrometer (MS). Gas chromatography is widely used in fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, forensics, and food analysis.
Phospholipids are a major class of lipids that consist of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails. The head is composed of a phosphate group, which is often bound to an organic molecule such as choline, ethanolamine, serine or inositol. The tails are made up of two fatty acid chains.
Phospholipids are a key component of cell membranes and play a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity and function of the cell. They form a lipid bilayer, with the hydrophilic heads facing outwards and the hydrophobic tails facing inwards, creating a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Phospholipids are also involved in various cellular processes such as signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, and protein function regulation. Additionally, they serve as emulsifiers in the digestive system, helping to break down fats in the diet.
I apologize for any confusion, but "flax" is not a medical term. It is actually a type of plant also known as Linum usitatissimum. The seeds of the flax plant are used in making linseed oil, and flax fibers are used to make linen. Flaxseeds are often consumed for their health benefits, as they are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and lignans. If you have any questions about the use of flax or its components in a medical context, I would be happy to try to help further.
Dietary fats, also known as fatty acids, are a major nutrient that the body needs for energy and various functions. They are an essential component of cell membranes and hormones, and they help the body absorb certain vitamins. There are several types of dietary fats:
1. Saturated fats: These are typically solid at room temperature and are found in animal products such as meat, butter, and cheese, as well as tropical oils like coconut and palm oil. Consuming a high amount of saturated fats can raise levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol and increase the risk of heart disease.
2. Unsaturated fats: These are typically liquid at room temperature and can be further divided into monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Monounsaturated fats, found in foods such as olive oil, avocados, and nuts, can help lower levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol while maintaining levels of healthy HDL cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fats, found in foods such as fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts, have similar effects on cholesterol levels and also provide essential omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids that the body cannot produce on its own.
3. Trans fats: These are unsaturated fats that have been chemically modified to be solid at room temperature. They are often found in processed foods such as baked goods, fried foods, and snack foods. Consuming trans fats can raise levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol and lower levels of healthy HDL cholesterol, increasing the risk of heart disease.
It is recommended to limit intake of saturated and trans fats and to consume more unsaturated fats as part of a healthy diet.
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is commonly found in various natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and grapeseed oil. Its chemical formula is cis-9-octadecenoic acid, and it is a colorless liquid at room temperature. Oleic acid is an important component of human diet and has been shown to have potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and improving immune function. It is also used in the manufacture of soaps, cosmetics, and other personal care products.
Hydrogenation, in the context of food science and biochemistry, refers to the process of adding hydrogen atoms to certain unsaturated fats or oils, converting them into saturated fats. This is typically done through a chemical reaction using hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst, often a metal such as nickel or palladium.
The process of hydrogenation increases the stability and shelf life of fats and oils, but it can also lead to the formation of trans fats, which have been linked to various health issues, including heart disease. Therefore, the use of partially hydrogenated oils has been largely phased out in many countries.
Barbiturates are a class of drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, which means they slow down the activity of the brain and nerves. They were commonly used in the past to treat conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures, but their use has declined due to the risk of addiction, abuse, and serious side effects. Barbiturates can also be used for surgical anesthesia and as a treatment for barbiturate or pentobarbital overdose.
Barbiturates work by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which results in sedation, hypnosis, and anticonvulsant effects. However, at higher doses, barbiturates can cause respiratory depression, coma, and even death.
Some examples of barbiturates include pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital, and amobarbital. These drugs are usually available in the form of tablets, capsules, or injectable solutions. It is important to note that barbiturates should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as they carry a high risk of dependence and abuse.
Isomerism is a term used in chemistry and biochemistry, including the field of medicine, to describe the existence of molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. This means that although these isomers contain the same number and type of atoms, they differ in the arrangement of these atoms in space.
There are several types of isomerism, including constitutional isomerism (also known as structural isomerism) and stereoisomerism. Constitutional isomers have different arrangements of atoms, while stereoisomers have the same arrangement of atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms in three-dimensional space.
Stereoisomerism can be further divided into subcategories such as enantiomers (mirror-image stereoisomers), diastereomers (non-mirror-image stereoisomers), and conformational isomers (stereoisomers that can interconvert by rotating around single bonds).
In the context of medicine, isomerism can be important because different isomers of a drug may have different pharmacological properties. For example, some drugs may exist as pairs of enantiomers, and one enantiomer may be responsible for the desired therapeutic effect while the other enantiomer may be inactive or even harmful. In such cases, it may be important to develop methods for producing pure enantiomers of the drug in order to maximize its efficacy and minimize its side effects.
Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is commonly found in various natural oils such as olive oil, sunflower oil, and peanut oil. Its chemical formula is cis-9-octadecenoic acid, and it is a colorless liquid at room temperature with a slight odor. Oleic acid is an important component of human diet and has been shown to have various health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease and improving immune function. It is also used in the manufacture of soaps, cosmetics, and other industrial products.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a type of omega-3 fatty acid that is found in fish and some algae. It is a 20-carbon long polyunsaturated fatty acid with five double bonds, and has the chemical formula C20:5 n-3. EPA is an essential fatty acid, meaning that it cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through the diet.
EPA is a precursor to a group of hormone-like substances called eicosanoids, which include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These compounds play important roles in regulating various physiological processes, such as inflammation, blood clotting, and immune function.
EPA has been studied for its potential health benefits, including reducing inflammation, lowering the risk of heart disease, and improving symptoms of depression. It is often taken as a dietary supplement in the form of fish oil or algal oil. However, it is important to note that while some studies have suggested potential health benefits of EPA, more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish recommended dosages.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of polyunsaturated fats that are essential for human health. The "omega-3" designation refers to the location of a double bond in the chemical structure of the fatty acid, specifically three carbon atoms from the end of the molecule.
There are three main types of omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). EPA and DHA are primarily found in fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines, as well as in algae. ALA is found in plant sources, such as flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, and some vegetable oils.
Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation, lowering the risk of heart disease, improving brain function, and supporting eye health. They are also important for fetal development during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is recommended that adults consume at least 250-500 milligrams of combined EPA and DHA per day, although higher intakes may be beneficial for certain conditions. ALA can be converted to EPA and DHA in the body, but this process is not very efficient, so it is important to consume preformed EPA and DHA from dietary sources or supplements.
Unsaturated fats are a type of fat that are primarily found in liquid form at room temperature. They are called "unsaturated" because their chemical structure contains one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms, making them less saturated with hydrogen atoms than saturated fats.
There are two main types of unsaturated fats: monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. Monounsaturated fats contain a single double bond in their chemical structure, while polyunsaturated fats contain multiple double bonds.
Unsaturated fats are generally considered to be healthier than saturated fats because they can help lower levels of harmful cholesterol in the blood and reduce the risk of heart disease. Foods that are high in unsaturated fats include vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, avocados, and fish.
It's important to note that while unsaturated fats are generally healthier than saturated fats, they are still high in calories and should be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. Additionally, some types of polyunsaturated fats, such as trans fats, can actually increase the risk of heart disease and other health problems, so it's important to choose sources of unsaturated fats carefully.
Safflower oil is a vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds of the safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorius). It is primarily composed of unsaturated fatty acids, with a high concentration of linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and a smaller amount of oleic acid (an omega-9 fatty acid).
Safflower oil has been used in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits, such as improving heart health, reducing inflammation, and promoting skin health. It is also commonly used as a cooking oil due to its high smoke point and light flavor. However, it is important to note that safflower oil should be consumed in moderation, as excessive intake of omega-6 fatty acids can contribute to inflammation and other health issues.
Gamma-Linolenic acid
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
David Horrobin
List of unsaturated fatty acids
Oenothera biennis
Oenothera
Blackcurrant
Fatty acid desaturase
N-Acylethanolamine
Pinolenic acid
Eicosanoid
Marlena Kruger
List of vegetable oils
Eicosatetraenoic acid
Essential fatty acid
Rheumatoid arthritis
Linoleic acid
Hangover remedies
Α-Linolenic acid
Free fatty acid receptor 4
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins
Borage
Γ-Oryzanol
Nonclassic eicosanoid
Spirulina (dietary supplement)
ALOX15
Echium
Prostaglandin receptor
C20H34O2
GLA
Gamma-Linolenic acid - Wikipedia
The Use of Gamma-linolenic Acid in Diabetic Neuropathy
Gamma Linolenic Acid: Get Insight on Benefits & Side Effects
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Alpha -lip5
- The aim was to assess the effects of treatment with low doses of the antioxidant, alpha -lipoic acid, and the omega -6 essential fatty acid, gamma -linolenic acid, either separately or in combination. (elsevierpure.com)
- alpha -Lipoic acid, gamma -linolenic acid combination treatment fully prevented this deficit, and partially (52%) corrected the effect of 4 weeks, of untreated diabetes. (elsevierpure.com)
- Neither alpha -lipoic acid nor gamma -linolenic components alone had significant effects, which suggests that there were synergistic interactions between the drugs. (elsevierpure.com)
- While alpha -lipoic acid or gamma -linolenic acid were ineffective, joint treatment fully prevented and corrected this diabetic endothelial deficit. (elsevierpure.com)
- Keegan, A, Cotter, MA & Cameron, NE 2001, ' Corpus cavernosum dysfunction in diabetic rats: effects of combined alpha-lipoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid treatment ', DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS , vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 380-386. (elsevierpure.com)
Dihomo-gamm1
- It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1 . (nih.gov)
Essential fatt8
- See discussion at Essential fatty acid interactions: The paradox of dietary GLA. (wikipedia.org)
- Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 unsaturated essential fatty acid . (mrsupplement.com.au)
- made in the human body from linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid found in vegetable oils and egg yolks. (mrsupplement.com.au)
- Gamma linolenic acid, also called GLA, is an essential fatty acid that is critical to healthy cell membranes as well as the release of neurochemicals necessary to feel "up" and happy. (prosperity-abounds.com)
- Many of the products contained additional fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (LA), which is an essential fatty acid found in many vegetable oils and generally abundant in the diet. (consumerlab.com)
- GLA (gamma-linolenic acid) is an essential fatty acid and a precursor of key regulating hormones called PGE1 prostaglandins. (fredmeyer.com)
- Evening primrose oil contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid. (typefreediabetes.com)
- GLA is an important Omega-6 essential fatty acid which should be obtained in your everyday diet. (fredmeyer.com)
Eicosapentaenoic acid1
- A 10-week, randomised, controlled parallel dietary intervention study was performed in 45 participants with mild to moderate acne, which were allocated to either an omega-3 fatty acid group (2,000 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), a γ-linoleic acid group (borage oil containing 400 mg γ-linoleic acid), or a control group. (nih.gov)
Oleic6
- Rich in both oleic acid (Omega 9 fatty acid) and plant sterols, avocado oil is a lightweight, skin-friendly oil that adds moisture, antioxidants and other vital nutrients that have the potential to leave skin looking and feeling more youthful and vibrant. (organogold.com)
- EPO consists of a variety of essential fatty acids, including -linolenic acid (GLA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid. (nih.gov)
- The main monounsaturated fat found in our food is oleic acid, the main component of olive oil. (naturalnews.com)
- Among the two products that failed testing, one was a softgel that contained only 79.8% of its labeled amount of oleic acid - a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. (consumerlab.com)
- 4. Oleic acid, the main monounsaturated fatty acid of olive oil, suppresses Her-2/neu (erbB-2) expression and synergistically enhances the growth inhibitory effects of trastuzumab (Herceptin) in breast cancer cells with Her-2/neu oncogene amplification. (nih.gov)
- 7. Effects of gamma-linolenic acid and oleic acid on paclitaxel cytotoxicity in human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
Supplementation6
- Dietary supplementation of gamma-linolenic acid improves skin parameters in subjects with dry skin and mild atopic dermatitis. (mrsupplement.com.au)
- After 10 weeks of omega-3 fatty acid or γ-linoleic acid supplementation, inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions decreased significantly. (nih.gov)
- Enteral omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidant supplementation in acute lung injury. (nih.gov)
- Changes in PTGS1 and ALOX12 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with changes in arachidonic acid, oxylipins, and oxylipin/fatty acid ratios in response to omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. (nih.gov)
- Black currant seed oil supplementation of mothers enhances IFN-gamma and suppresses IL-4 production in breast milk. (nih.gov)
- Impact of early dietary gamma-linolenic acid supplementation on atopic eczema in infancy. (nih.gov)
DGLA3
- From GLA, the body forms dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA). (wikipedia.org)
- The main ingredients seem to be Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and equol in a cationic liposome carrier system. (hairlosstalk.com)
- We checked if the biochemical precursor of PGE1, the Gamma-Linolenic Acid-Dihomo (DGLA) had the same effect. (hairlosstalk.com)
Arachidonic2
- When acting on GLA, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase produces no leukotrienes and the conversion by the enzyme of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes is inhibited. (wikipedia.org)
- 6. Overexpression and hyperactivity of breast cancer-associated fatty acid synthase (oncogenic antigen-519) is insensitive to normal arachidonic fatty acid-induced suppression in lipogenic tissues but it is selectively inhibited by tumoricidal alpha-linolenic and gamma-linolenic fatty acids: a novel mechanism by which dietary fat can alter mammary tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
Rich in Omega-3 fat4
- Pro-sense it is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids and contains a trace quantity of biotin. (pitbulls.org)
- Studies show that diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids support heart health by supporting triglyceride and cholesterol levels, while the omega-6 fatty acids support healthy blood flow to and from the heart by supporting blood vessels. (giftespot.com)
- A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, like gamma-linolenic acid, is great for keeping your hair moisturized. (lifehack.org)
- Research has shown that foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and the spices ginger and turmeric may help reduce inflammation. (drweil.com)
Fats1
- Required for proper use of EFA's, as omega-3 fatty acids are better retained in tissues when the diet is rich in saturated fats . (naturalnews.com)
Docosahexaenoic1
- The American Heart Association recommendation for those with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD) is to eat two fatty fish servings per week and for those with a history of CHD to consume 1 g/day of two omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid (Kris-Etherton, et al. (cdc.gov)
Evening primrose seeds1
- Evening Primrose is a cold-pressed, solvent free oil from evening primrose seeds (Oenothera biennis), a superior source of Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA). (priceplow.com)
Dietary fatty acids2
- 10. Novel signaling molecules implicated in tumor-associated fatty acid synthase-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation and survival: Role of exogenous dietary fatty acids, p53-p21WAF1/CIP1, ERK1/2 MAPK, p27KIP1, BRCA1, and NF-kappaB. (nih.gov)
- However, little research has been done on how dietary fatty acids, as well as those produced by metabolic processes in the body, may influence the risk of gestational diabetes and glucose metabolism in pregnancy. (nih.gov)
PUFAs1
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) appear to make the most difference. (healthline.com)
Atopic eczema1
- Evening primrose oil in the treatment of atopic eczema: effect on clinical status, plasma phospholipid fatty acids and circulating blood prostaglandins. (mrsupplement.com.au)
Thunder god vine2
- No other dietary supplement has shown clear benefits for RA, but there is preliminary evidence for a few, particularly fish oil, gamma-linolenic acid, and the herb thunder god vine. (nih.gov)
- Supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), or the herb thunder god vine may help relieve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. (nih.gov)
Seeds2
- However, the researchers found no association with gestational diabetes from consuming foods containing omega-6 fatty acids, such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. (nih.gov)
- Nature's Way EFAGold® is the highest quality evening primrose oil - guaranteed to contain 10% gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) from non-GMO seeds. (fredmeyer.com)
Ingredients1
- Along with providing a great deal of nutritional and immune support as well as nurturing, mother's milk contains two specific ingredients that are very important to a happy childhood and to healthy adulthood: gamma linolenic acid and bifidobacterium. (prosperity-abounds.com)
Borage3
- Dietary sources of gamma linolenic acid include Hemp Seed Oil , Evening Primrose Oil, Blackcurrant Oil, Borage Oil. (newhemisphere.co.nz)
- An important long chain fatty acid is gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is made by your body from omega-6 linolenic acid such as primrose, borage, and black currant oils. (naturalnews.com)
- Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is an omega-6 fatty acid that can be found in borage oil and other oils. (brighamandwomens.org)
Ribes1
- Black currant ( Ribes nigrum ) seed oil contains alpha and gamma-linolenic acid, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidin, flavonoids, vitamin C, and 2 nitrile-containing compounds. (nih.gov)
Gamolenic1
- gamma-Linolenic acid or GLA (γ-linolenic acid) (INN: gamolenic acid) is an n−6, or omega-6, fatty acid found primarily in seed oils. (wikipedia.org)
Prostaglandins1
- GLA is an important omega-6 fatty acid supporting the production of prostaglandins (hormone-like compounds), which play an important role in skin health and immune function. (priceplow.com)
Abundant1
- This Zesty Paws supplement is abundant in Omega-3 fatty acids. (pitbulls.org)
Oils6
- The oils of all cultivars resulted in rich amount of linoleic acid (ω-6) and α-linolenic acid (ω-3). (nih.gov)
- These oils are highly reactive, so they go rancid easily, particularly omega-3 linolenic acid , so never should be heated or used in cooking. (naturalnews.com)
- Medium chain fatty acids have eight to twelve carbon atoms and are mostly found in butterfat and tropical oils (like coconut oil ). (naturalnews.com)
- These ratios will slightly vary batch to batch depending on the natural variation of the fatty acid content of the oils used to derive the Omega 3-6-9. (giftespot.com)
- Olympian Labs Omega 3-6-9 Fish Oils are free from detectable amounts of lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, PCB's, dioxins and pesticides, and do not contain trans fatty acids. (giftespot.com)
- WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK - DECEMBER 10, 2007 - A new report on the quality of omega-3 and -6 fatty acid supplements made from seed oils was released by ConsumerLab.com today. (consumerlab.com)
Omega45
- GLA is categorized as an n−6 (also called ω−6 or omega-6) fatty acid, meaning that the first double bond on the methyl end (designated with n or ω) is the sixth bond. (wikipedia.org)
- It is an isomer of α-linolenic acid, which is a polyunsaturated n−3 (omega-3) fatty acid, found in rapeseed canola oil, soybeans, walnuts, flax seed (linseed oil), perilla, chia, and hemp seed. (wikipedia.org)
- Sometimes evening primrose oil is combined with fish oil to provide both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the one supplement. (mrsupplement.com.au)
- This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and histological changes induced by dietary omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid in acne vulgaris. (nih.gov)
- This study shows for the first time that omega-3 fatty acid and γ-linoleic acid could be used as adjuvant treatments for acne patients. (nih.gov)
- Gamma linolenic acid is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. (newhemisphere.co.nz)
- Gamma linolenic acid is manufactured in the body by the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid omega-6 linoleic acid. (newhemisphere.co.nz)
- This Omega fatty acid supplement from Ultra Oil is liquid, making it simple to administer to your pet. (pitbulls.org)
- The Omega-3, Alpha Linolenic Acid and the Omega-6, Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA), are both considered essential fatty acids. (vitacost.com)
- Although the body can manufacture GLA from other dietary omega-6 fatty acids, GLA can be more efficiently utilized for body functions when supplied directly through dietary sources. (vitacost.com)
- Los ácidos grasos omega-6, como el ácido gamma linolénico, son una familia de grasas que se encuentran en algunos aceites vegetales y semillas. (medlineplus.gov)
- Los ácidos grasos omega-6 se encuentran en todas partes del cuerpo. (medlineplus.gov)
- Pero demasiados ácidos grasos omega-6 pueden cambiar la forma en que reaccionan las células y tener efectos nocivos en las células del corazón y los vasos sanguíneos. (medlineplus.gov)
- Existen diferentes tipos de ácidos grasos omega-6, como el ácido gamma linolénico (GLA). (medlineplus.gov)
- Una mayor ingesta de ácidos grasos omega-6 en la dieta no reduce el riesgo de enfermedades del corazón. (medlineplus.gov)
- Agregar el ácido graso omega-6 llamado ácido araquidónico a la fórmula infantil, junto con un ácido graso omega-3 llamado ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), no parece mejorar el desarrollo del cerebro, la visión o el crecimiento en los bebés. (medlineplus.gov)
- Una mayor ingesta de ácidos grasos omega-6 en la dieta no parece reducir los niveles de colesterol o triglicéridos. (medlineplus.gov)
- Hay interés en usar los ácidos grasos omega-6 para otros propósitos, pero no hay suficiente información confiable para decir si podría ser útil. (medlineplus.gov)
- Los ácidos grasos omega-6 se consumen comúnmente como parte de la dieta en cantidades entre el 5 % y el 10 % de las calorías diarias. (medlineplus.gov)
- Pero no hay suficiente información confiable para saber si los ácidos grasos omega-6 son seguros para usar en grandes cantidades. (medlineplus.gov)
- Los ácidos grasos omega-6 pueden dificultar la respiración en personas con EPOC. (medlineplus.gov)
- El alto consumo de ácidos grasos omega-6 en la dieta puede aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar presión arterial alta en personas con diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
- This unique formula features nutrients that known to promote and help maintain normal eye moisture including vitamins A and E as well as omega fatty acids. (swansonvitamins.com)
- Omega-9 fatty acids provide an excellent source of monounsaturated fat that support a healthy response to inflammation. (giftespot.com)
- ALA is an essential omega-3 fatty acid which can be converted, to a limited extent, into DHA and EPA - the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. (consumerlab.com)
- GLA is an omega-6 fatty acid that may be useful in treating diseases that involve pain and inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis and cyclic mastalgia - breast pain associated with the menstrual cycle. (consumerlab.com)
- Pet owners use omega-3 and-6 fatty acids for skin and coat maintenance. (consumerlab.com)
- The other was a bottled oil that contained only 84.2% of its labeled amount of omega-9 fatty acids. (consumerlab.com)
- Both products, however, contained the claimed amounts of omega-3 and/or omega-6 fatty acids. (consumerlab.com)
- 2. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) enhances docetaxel (Taxotere) cytotoxicity in human breast carcinoma cells: Relationship to lipid peroxidation and HER-2/neu expression. (nih.gov)
- Some omega-6 fatty acids, such as GLA, may increase or decrease the effects of certain medicines. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The combined essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) should make up 1% to 2% of your total caloric intake. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The recommended ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids is 1:1 or 1:2. (brighamandwomens.org)
- Blood levels of omega-6 fatty acids produced in the body could influence the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes, suggests a study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health and other institutions. (nih.gov)
- The study also found a link between higher blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish and flaxseed, and lower blood levels of insulin, but this association does not appear to influence the chances of developing gestational diabetes. (nih.gov)
- Diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids , such as omega-3 and omega-6 have been linked to a lower risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes among non-pregnant women. (nih.gov)
- In the current study, researchers compared blood levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids between 107 women with gestational diabetes and 214 women who did not have the condition. (nih.gov)
- Women with higher levels of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic, docosapentanoic, and docosahexanoic acids tended to have lower levels of insulin and other indicators of insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
- However, their overall levels of omega-3 fatty acids were not linked to the development of gestational diabetes. (nih.gov)
- Similarly, levels of omega-6 fatty acids consumed from foods were not linked to gestational diabetes. (nih.gov)
- However, some omega-6 fatty acids produced in the body were associated with higher chances of gestational diabetes. (nih.gov)
- Eat oily fish such as salmon, or try another source of omega-3 fatty acids such as walnuts or freshly ground flax seed daily. (drweil.com)
- Let's recap real quick: Omega-3s are unsaturated fatty acids that play a key role in helping your cells, heart, lungs, immune system, and hormone system function properly. (greatist.com)
- An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. (nih.gov)
- 2002). The Omega-3 Index is a measure of EPA (C20:5 n-3) and DHA (C22:6 n-3) in the blood, and expressed as a percent of 21 fatty acids, in specifically the red blood cell membranes (Harris, et al. (cdc.gov)
Nucleic1
- Condensates separation from the surrounding CYTOPLASM or nucleoplasm or by the concentration of proteins and nucleic acids into droplets as they aggregate on static cellular structures such as CELL MEMBRANES. (nih.gov)
Stearic acid1
- Saturated stearic acid and palmitic acid are optimal foods for the heart, which is why the fat around heart muscle is highly saturated. (naturalnews.com)
Vitamins2
- Avocados have plenty of minerals, vitamins, and essential fatty acids. (lifehack.org)
- Spirulina is a blue-green microalgae that has naturally occurring protein, plus other nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and GLA (gamma-linolenic acid). (vitacost.com)
Richest2
- The nutrient found in Evening Primrose Oil is gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) - by far the richest source of GLA. (wonderlabs.com)
- Evening Primrose Oil is one of the richest sources of the unsaturated fatty acid Gamma-Linolenic Acid GLA , which is important for women's nutrition. (vitaminlife.com)
Phospholipid1
- Plasma phospholipid n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to cardiometabolic markers and gestational diabetes: A longitudinal study within the prospective NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. (nih.gov)
Fatty acid content1
- Evaluation of RBC fatty acid content has become increasingly favored as a measure of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake. (cdc.gov)
Composition1
- HPLC-MS and acid-base titration were used to determine composition of oil and hydrolysis products comprised of tri-, di- and monoglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol. (researchgate.net)
Inflammatory3
- Although GLA is an n−6 fatty acid, a type of acid that is, in general, pro-inflammatory[citation needed], it has anti-inflammatory properties. (wikipedia.org)
- Systemic linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid therapy in dry eye syndrome with an inflammatory component. (mrsupplement.com.au)
- Gamma Linolenic Acid is thought to inhibit inflammatory pathways in the body, and hence, may reduce endometriosis pain. (newhemisphere.co.nz)
Ascorbic1
- supplement of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is discontinued, read our Vitamin C web page. (optimumchoices.com)
Nutrients1
- It contains beneficial nutrients including fatty acids and vitamin E, and is an excellent moisturizer. (organogold.com)
Double bonds2
- GLA is a carboxylic acid with an 18-carbon chain and three cis double bonds. (wikipedia.org)
- Eighteen-carbon essential fatty acids that contain two double bonds. (bvsalud.org)
Pathways1
- 9. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase the efficacy of docetaxel in mammary cancer cells by downregulating Akt and PKCε/δ-induced ERK pathways. (nih.gov)
Body6
- The human body produces GLA from linoleic acid (LA). This reaction is catalyzed by Δ6-desaturase (D6D), an enzyme that allows the creation of a double bond on the sixth carbon counting from the carboxyl terminus. (wikipedia.org)
- GLA can be made in the body from its parent fatty acid, linolenic acid. (mrsupplement.com.au)
- Essential fatty acids are required by the body for growth and development, and must be obtained from the diet. (typefreediabetes.com)
- It likewise has GLA (Gamma-Linolenic Acid) and it assists to disperse this GLA throughout the body. (myafghan.com)
- Although the body can manufacture GLA from dietary linoleic acid, it can be more efficiently utilized for body functions when supplied directly by dietary sources. (healthyplanetcanada.com)
- It also consists of GLA (Gamma-Linolenic Acid) and it helps to disperse this GLA throughout the body. (myafghan.com)
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- Some research has found that these fatty acids are involved in the production of compounds that help regulate bowel inflammation. (greatist.com)